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Xiong S, Humble S, Barnette A, Brandt H, Thompson V, Klesges LM, Silver MI. Associations of geographic-based socioeconomic factors and HPV vaccination among male and female children in five US states. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:702. [PMID: 38443823 PMCID: PMC10916280 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed whether five geographic-based socioeconomic factors (medically underserved area (MUA); healthcare provider shortage area (HPSA); persistent poverty; persistent child poverty; and social vulnerability index (SVI)) were associated with the odds of HPV vaccination initiation, series completion, and parental vaccine hesitancy, and whether the observed relationships varied by gender of the child. METHODS An online panel service, administered through Qualtrics®, was used to recruit parents of adolescents 9-17 years of age to complete a one-time survey in 2021. Coverage of the panel included five US states: Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee, and Southern Illinois. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to assess population-level associations between five geographic-based socioeconomic factors (MUA; HPSA; persistent poverty; persistent child poverty; and SVI) and three HPV vaccination outcomes (initiation, series completion, and hesitancy). All GEE models were adjusted for age of child and clustering at the state level. RESULTS Analyses were conducted using responses from 926 parents about their oldest child in the target age range (9-17 years). The analytic sample consisted of 471 male children and 438 female children across the five states. In adjusted GEE models, persistent child poverty and HPSA were negatively associated with HPV vaccination initiation and series completion among female children, respectively. Among male children, high social vulnerability was negatively associated with HPV vaccine series completion. Additionally, persistent poverty and high social vulnerability were negatively associated with HPV vaccine hesitancy in male children. CONCLUSIONS The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that geographic-based socioeconomic factors, particularly, HPSA, persistent poverty, and SVI, should be considered when implementing efforts to increase HPV vaccine coverage for adolescents. The approaches to targeting these geographic factors should also be evaluated in future studies to determine if they need to be tailored for male and female children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Xiong
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware St SE, Suite 166, 55414, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Sarah Humble
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S Taylor Avenue, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Barnette
- Saint Francis Medical Center, 211 St. Francis Drive, 63703, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
| | - Heather Brandt
- HPV Cancer Prevention Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, 38105-3678, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vetta Thompson
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa M Klesges
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S Taylor Avenue, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michelle I Silver
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S Taylor Avenue, 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Eshun-Wilson I, Mody A, McKay V, Hlatshwayo M, Bradley C, Thompson V, Glidden DV, Geng EH. Public Preferences for Social Distancing Policy Measures to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 in Missouri. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2116113. [PMID: 34236410 PMCID: PMC8267603 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Policies to promote social distancing can minimize COVID-19 transmission but come with substantial social and economic costs. Quantifying relative preferences among the public for such practices can inform locally relevant policy prioritization and optimize uptake. OBJECTIVE To evaluate relative utilities (ie, preferences) for COVID-19 pandemic social distancing strategies against the hypothetical risk of acquiring COVID-19 and anticipated income loss. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This survey study recruited individuals living in the Missouri area from May to June 2020 via randomly distributed unincentivized social media advertisements and local recruitment platforms for members of minority racial and ethnic groups. Participants answered 6 questions that asked them to choose between 2 hypothetical counties where business closures, social distancing policy duration, COVID-19 infection risk, and income loss varied. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Reweighted population-level relative preferences (utilities) for social distancing policies, subgroups, and latent classes. RESULTS The survey had a 3% response rate (3045 of 90 320). Of the 2428 respondents who completed the survey, 1669 (75%) were 35 years and older, 1536 (69%) were women, and 1973 (89%) were White. After reweighting to match Missouri population demographic characteristics, the strongest preference was for the prohibition of large gatherings (mean preference, -1.43; 95% CI, -1.67 to -1.18), with relative indifference to the closure of social and lifestyle venues (mean preference, 0.05; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.17). There were weak preferences to keep outdoor venues (mean preference, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.61) and schools (mean preference, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.30) open. Latent class analysis revealed 4 distinct preference phenotypes in the population: risk averse (48.9%), conflicted (22.5%), prosocial (14.9%), and back to normal (13.7%), with men twice as likely as women to belong to the back to normal group than the risk averse group (relative risk ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.54 to 3.12). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this survey study using a discrete choice experiment, public health policies that prohibited large gatherings, as well as those that closed social and lifestyle venues, appeared to be acceptable to the public. During policy implementation, these activities should be prioritized for first-phase closures. These findings suggest that policy messages that address preference heterogeneity (eg, focusing on specific preference subgroups or targeting men) could improve adherence to social distancing measures for COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Eshun-Wilson
- School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Aaloke Mody
- School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Virginia McKay
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Matifadza Hlatshwayo
- School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Cory Bradley
- Center for Dissemination and Implementation Research, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Vetta Thompson
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Elvin H. Geng
- School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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Goodman MS, Ackermann N, Bowen DJ, Thompson V. Content validation of a quantitative stakeholder engagement measure. J Community Psychol 2019; 47:1937-1951. [PMID: 31475370 PMCID: PMC7893513 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Using a stakeholder-engaged approach, this study conducted content validation and item reduction of a quantitative measure of research engagement. METHODS A five-round modified Delphi process was used to reach consensus on items. Rounds 1-3 and 5 were conducted using web-based surveys. Round 4 consisted of a 2-day, in-person meeting. Delphi panelists received individualized reports outlining individual and aggregate group responses after rounds 1-3. RESULTS Over the five-round process, items were added, dropped, modified, and moved from one engagement principle to another. The number of items was reduced from 48 to 32, with three to five items corresponding to eight engagement principles. CONCLUSIONS Research that develops standardized, reliable, and accurate measures to assess stakeholder engagement is essential to understanding the impact of engagement on scientific discovery and the scientific process. Valid quantitative measures to assess stakeholder engagement in research are necessary to assess associations between engagement and research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S. Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Ackermann
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah J. Bowen
- Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vetta Thompson
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Triolo TM, Fouts A, Pyle L, Yu L, Gottlieb PA, Steck AK, Greenbaum CJ, Atkinson M, Baidal D, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Clements M, Colman P, DiMeglio L, Gitelman S, Goland R, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Knip M, Krischer J, Lernmark A, Moore W, Moran A, Muir A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Raskin P, Redondo M, Rodriguez H, Russell W, Spain L, Schatz D, Sosenko J, Wentworth J, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Anderson M, Antinozzi P, Benoist C, Blum J, Bourcier K, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Insel R, Kaufman F, Kay T, Leschek E, Mahon J, Marks J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Pugliese A, Roep B, Roncarolo M, Savage P, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Skyler J, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Bourcier K, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Insel R, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Rafkin L, Sosenko JM, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Krischer JP, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Dixit S, Pasha M, King K, Adcock H, Atterberry L, Fox K, Englert N, Mauras J, Permuy K, Sikes T, Adams T, Berhe B, Guendling L, McLennan L, Paganessi C, Murphy M, Draznin M, Kamboj S, Sheppard V, Lewis L, Coates W, Amado D, Moore G, Babar J, Bedard D, Brenson-Hughes J, Cernich M, Clements R, Duprau S, Goodman L, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz A, Asif I, Karmazin T, Letjen S, Raman D, Morin W, Bestermann E, Morawski J, White A, Brockmyer R, Bays S, Campbell A, Boonstra M, Stapleton N, Stone A, Donoho H, Everett H, Hensley M, Johnson C, Marshall N, Skirvin P, Taylor R, Williams L, Burroughs C, Ray C, Wolverton D, Nickels C, Dothard P, Speiser M, Pellizzari L, Bokor K, Izuora S, Abdelnour P, Cummings S, Cuthbertson D, Paynor M, Leahy M, Riedl S, Shockley R, Saad T, Briones S, Casella C, Herz K, Walsh J, Greening F, Deemer M, Hay S, Hunt N, Sikotra L, Simons D, Karounos R, Oremus L, Dye L, Myers D, Ballard W, Miers R, Eberhard C, Sparks K, Thraikill K, Edwards J, Fowlkes S, Kemp A, Morales L, Holland L, Johnson P, Paul A, Ghatak K, Fiske S, Phelen H, Leyland T, Henderson D, Brenner E, Oppenheimer I, Mamkin C, Moniz C, Clarson M, Lovell A, Peters V, Ford J, Ruelas D, Borut D, Burt M, Jordan S, Castilla P, Flores M, Ruiz L, Hanson J, Green-Blair R, Sheridan K, Garmeson J, Wintergerst G, Pierce A, Omoruyi M, Foster S, Kingery A, Lunsford I, Cervantes T, Parker P, Price J, Urben I, Guillette H, Doughty H, Haydock V, Parker P, Bergman S, Duncum C, Rodda A, Perelman R, Calendo C, Barrera E, Arce-Nunez Y, Geyer S, Martinez M, De la Portilla I, Cardenas L, Garrido M, Villar R, Lorini E, Calandra G, D’Annuzio K, Perri N, Minuto C, Hays B, Rebora R, Callegari O, Ali J, Kramer B, Auble S, Cabrera P, Donohoue R, Fiallo-Scharer M, Hessner P, Wolfgram A, Henderson C, Kansra N, Bettin R, McCuller A, Miller S, Accacha J, Corrigan E, Fiore R, Levine T, Mahoney C, Polychronakos V, Henry M, Gagne H, Starkman M, Fox D, Chin F, Melchionne L, Silverman I, Marshall L, Cerracchio J, Cruz A, Viswanathan J, Heyman K, Wilson S, Chalew S, Valley S, Layburn A, Lala P, Clesi M, Genet G, Uwaifo A, Charron T, Allerton W, Hsiao B, Cefalu L, Melendez-Ramirez R, Richards C, Alleyn E, Gustafson M, Lizanna J, Wahlen S, Aleiwe M, Hansen H, Wahlen C, Karges C, Levy A, Bonaccorso R, Rapaport Y, Tomer D, Chia M, Goldis L, Iazzetti M, Klein C, Levister L, Waldman E, Keaton N, Wallach M, Regelmann Z, Antal M, Aranda C, Reynholds A, Vinik P, Barlow M, Bourcier M, Nevoret J, Couper S, Kinderman A, Beresford N, Thalagne H, Roper J, Gibbons J, Hill S, Balleaut C, Brennan J, Ellis-Gage L, Fear T, Gray L, Law P, Jones C, McNerney L, Pointer N, Price K, Few D, Tomlinson N, Leech D, Wake C, Owens M, Burns J, Leinbach A, Wotherspoon A, Murray K, Short G, Curry S, Kelsey J, Lawson J, Porter S, Stevens E, Thomson S, Winship L, Liu S, Wynn E, Wiltshire J, Krebs P, Cresswell H, Faherty C, Ross L, Denvir J, Drew T, Randell P, Mansell S, Lloyd J, Bell S, Butler Y, Hooton H, Navarra A, Roper G, Babington L, Crate H, Cripps A, Ledlie C, Moulds R, Malloy J, Norton B, Petrova O, Silkstone C, Smith K, Ghai M, Murray V, Viswanathan M, Henegan O, Kawadry J, Olson L, Maddox K, Patterson T, Ahmad B, Flores D, Domek S, Domek K, Copeland M, George J, Less T, Davis M, Short A, Martin J, Dwarakanathan P, O’Donnell B, Boerner L, Larson M, Phillips M, Rendell K, Larson C, Smith K, Zebrowski L, Kuechenmeister M, Miller J, Thevarayapillai M, Daniels H, Speer N, Forghani R, Quintana C, Reh A, Bhangoo P, Desrosiers L, Ireland T, Misla C, Milliot E, Torres S, Wells J, Villar M, Yu D, Berry D, Cook J, Soder A, Powell M, Ng M, Morrison Z, Moore M, Haslam M, Lawson B, Bradley J, Courtney C, Richardson C, Watson E, Keely D, DeCurtis M, Vaccarcello-Cruz Z, Torres K, Muller S, Sandberg H, Hsiang B, Joy D, McCormick A, Powell H, Jones J, Bell S, Hargadon S, Hudson M, Kummer S, Nguyen T, Sauder E, Sutton K, Gensel R, Aguirre-Castaneda V, Benavides, Lopez D, Hemp S, Allen J, Stear E, Davis T, O’Donnell R, Jones A, Roberts J, Dart N, Paramalingam L, Levitt Katz N, Chaudhary K, Murphy S, Willi B, Schwartzman C, Kapadia D, Roberts A, Larson D, McClellan G, Shaibai L, Kelley G, Villa C, Kelley R, Diamond M, Kabbani T, Dajani F, Hoekstra M, Sadler K, Magorno J, Holst V, Chauhan N, Wilson P, Bononi M, Sperl A, Millward M, Eaton L, Dean J, Olshan H, Stavros T, Renna C, Milliard, Brodksy L, Bacon J, Quintos L, Topor S, Bialo B, Bancroft A, Soto W, Lagarde H, Tamura R, Lockemer T, Vanderploeg M, Ibrahim M, Huie V, Sanchez R, Edelen R, Marchiando J, Palmer T, Repas M, Wasson P, Wood K, Auker J, Culbertson T, Kieffer D, Voorhees T, Borgwardt L, DeRaad K, Eckert E, Isaacson H, Kuhn A, Carroll M, Xu P, Schubert G, Francis S, Hagan T, Le M, Penn E, Wickham C, Leyva K, Rivera J, Padilla I, Rodriguez N, Young K, Jospe J, Czyzyk B, Johnson U, Nadgir N, Marlen G, Prakasam C, Rieger N, Glaser E, Heiser B, Harris C, Alies P, Foster H, Slater K, Wheeler D, Donaldson M, Murray D, Hale R, Tragus D, Word J, Lynch L, Pankratz W, Badias F, Rogers R, Newfield S, Holland M, Hashiguchi M, Gottschalk A, Philis-Tsimikas R, Rosal S, Franklin S, Guardado N, Bohannon M, Baker A, Garcia T, Aguinaldo J, Phan V, Barraza D, Cohen J, Pinsker U, Khan J, Wiley L, Jovanovic P, Misra M, Bassi M, Wright D, Cohen K, Huang M, Skiles S, Maxcy C, Pihoker K, Cochrane J, Fosse S, Kearns M, Klingsheim N, Beam C, Wright L, Viles H, Smith S, Heller M, Cunningham A, Daniels L, Zeiden J, Field R, Walker K, Griffin L, Boulware D, Bartholow C, Erickson J, Howard B, Krabbenhoft C, Sandman A, Vanveldhuizen J, Wurlger A, Zimmerman K, Hanisch L, Davis-Keppen A, Bounmananh L, Cotterill J, Kirby M, Harris A, Schmidt C, Kishiyama C, Flores J, Milton W, Martin C, Whysham A, Yerka T, Bream S, Freels J, Hassing J, Webster R, Green P, Carter J, Galloway D, Hoelzer S, Roberts S, Said P, Sullivan H, Freeman D, Allen E, Reiter E, Feinberg C, Johnson L, Newhook D, Hagerty N, White L, Levandoski J, Kyllo M, Johnson C, Gough J, Benoit P, Iyer F, Diamond H, Hosono S, Jackman L, Barette P, Jones I, Sills S, Bzdick J, Bulger R, Ginem J, Weinstock I, Douek R, Andrews G, Modgill G, Gyorffy L, Robin N, Vaidya S, Crouch K, O’Brien C, Thompson N, Granger M, Thorne J, Blumer J, Kalic L, Klepek J, Paulett B, Rosolowski J, Horner M, Watkins J, Casey K, Carpenter C, Michelle Kieffer MH, Burns J, Horton C, Pritchard D, Soetaert A, Wynne C, Chin O, Molina C, Patel R, Senguttuvan M, Wheeler O, Lane P, Furet C, Steuhm D, Jelley S, Goudeau L, Chalmers D, Greer C, Panagiotopoulos D, Metzger D, Nguyen M, Horowitz M, Linton C, Christiansen E, Glades C, Morimoto M, Macarewich R, Norman K, Patin C, Vargas A, Barbanica A, Yu P, Vaidyanathan W, Nallamshetty L, Osborne R, Mehra S, Kaster S, Neace J, Horner G, Reeves C, Cordrey L, Marrs T, Miller S, Dowshen D, Oduah V, Doyle S, Walker D, Catte H, Dean M, Drury-Brown B, Hackman M, Lee S, Malkani K, Cullen K, Johnson P, Parrimon Y, Hampton M, McCarrell C, Curtis E, Paul, Zambrano Y, Paulus K, Pilger J, Ramiro J, Luvon Ritzie AQ, Sharma A, Shor A, Song X, Terry A, Weinberger J, Wootten M, Lachin JM, Foulkes M, Harding P, Krause-Steinrauf H, McDonough S, McGee PF, Owens Hess K, Phoebus D, Quinlan S, Raiden E, Batts E, Buddy C, Kirpatrick K, Ramey M, Shultz A, Webb C, Romesco M, Fradkin J, Leschek E, Spain L, Savage P, Aas S, Blumberg E, Beck G, Brillon D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Laffel L, Vigersky R, Wallace D, Braun J, Lernmark A, Lo B, Mitchell H, Naji A, Nerup J, Orchard T, Steffes M, Tsiatis A, Veatch R, Zinman B, Loechelt B, Baden L, Green M, Weinberg A, Marcovina S, Palmer JP, Weinberg A, Yu L, Babu S, Winter W, Eisenbarth GS, Bingley P, Clynes R, DiMeglio L, Eisenbarth G, Hays B, Leschek E, Marks J, Matheson D, Rafkin L, Rodriguez H, Spain L, Wilson D, Redondo M, Gomez D, McDonald A, Pena S, Pietropaolo M, Shippy K, Batts E, Brown T, Buckner J, Dove A, Hammond M, Hefty D, Klein J, Kuhns K, Letlau M, Lord S, McCulloch-Olson M, Miller L, Nepom G, Odegard J, Ramey M, Sachter E, St. Marie M, Stickney K, VanBuecken D, Vellek B, Webber C, Allen L, Bollyk J, Hilderman N, Ismail H, Lamola S, Sanda S, Vendettuoli H, Tridgell D, Monzavi R, Bock M, Fisher L, Halvorson M, Jeandron D, Kim M, Wood J, Geffner M, Kaufman F, Parkman R, Salazar C, Goland R, Clynes R, Cook S, Freeby M, Pat Gallagher M, Gandica R, Greenberg E, Kurland A, Pollak S, Wolk A, Chan M, Koplimae L, Levine E, Smith K, Trast J, DiMeglio L, Blum J, Evans-Molina C, Hufferd R, Jagielo B, Kruse C, Patrick V, Rigby M, Spall M, Swinney K, Terrell J, Christner L, Ford L, Lynch S, Menendez M, Merrill P, Pescovitz M, Rodriguez H, Alleyn C, Baidal D, Fay S, Gaglia J, Resnick B, Szubowicz S, Weir G, Benjamin R, Conboy D, deManbey A, Jackson R, Jalahej H, Orban T, Ricker A, Wolfsdorf J, Zhang HH, Wilson D, Aye T, Baker B, Barahona K, Buckingham B, Esrey K, Esrey T, Fathman G, Snyder R, Aneja B, Chatav M, Espinoza O, Frank E, Liu J, Perry J, Pyle R, Rigby A, Riley K, Soto A, Gitelman S, Adi S, Anderson M, Berhel A, Breen K, Fraser K, Gerard-Gonzalez A, Jossan P, Lustig R, Moassesfar S, Mugg A, Ng D, Prahalod P, Rangel-Lugo M, Sanda S, Tarkoff J, Torok C, Wesch R, Aslan I, Buchanan J, Cordier J, Hamilton C, Hawkins L, Ho T, Jain A, Ko K, Lee T, Phelps S, Rosenthal S, Sahakitrungruang T, Stehl L, Taylor L, Wertz M, Wong J, Philipson L, Briars R, Devine N, Littlejohn E, Grant T, Gottlieb P, Klingensmith G, Steck A, Alkanani A, Bautista K, Bedoy R, Blau A, Burke B, Cory L, Dang M, Fitzgerald-Miller L, Fouts A, Gage V, Garg S, Gesauldo P, Gutin R, Hayes C, Hoffman M, Ketchum K, Logsden-Sackett N, Maahs D, Messer L, Meyers L, Michels A, Peacock S, Rewers M, Rodriguez P, Sepulbeda F, Sippl R, Steck A, Taki I, Tran BK, Tran T, Wadwa RP, Zeitler P, Barker J, Barry S, Birks L, Bomsburger L, Bookert T, Briggs L, Burdick P, Cabrera R, Chase P, Cobry E, Conley A, Cook G, Daniels J, DiDomenico D, Eckert J, Ehler A, Eisenbarth G, Fain P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Frank N, Goettle H, Haarhues M, Harris S, Horton L, Hutton J, Jeffrrey J, Jenison R, Jones K, Kastelic W, King MA, Lehr D, Lungaro J, Mason K, Maurer H, Nguyen L, Proto A, Realsen J, Schmitt K, Schwartz M, Skovgaard S, Smith J, Vanderwel B, Voelmle M, Wagner R, Wallace A, Walravens P, Weiner L, Westerhoff B, Westfall E, Widmer K, Wright H, Schatz D, Abraham A, Atkinson M, Cintron M, Clare-Salzler M, Ferguson J, Haller M, Hosford J, Mancini D, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Thomas J, Winter W, Cole G, Cook R, Coy R, Hicks E, Lewis N, Marks J, Pugliese A, Blaschke C, Matheson D, Pugliese A, Sanders-Branca N, Ray Arce LA, Cisneros M, Sabbag S, Moran A, Gibson C, Fife B, Hering B, Kwong C, Leschyshyn J, Nathan B, Pappenfus B, Street A, Boes MA, Peterson Eck S, Finney L, Albright Fischer T, Martin A, Jacqueline Muzamhindo C, Rhodes M, Smith J, Wagner J, Wood B, Becker D, Delallo K, Diaz A, Elnyczky B, Libman I, Pasek B, Riley K, Trucco M, Copemen B, Gwynn D, Toledo F, Rodriguez H, Bollepalli S, Diamond F, Eyth E, Henson D, Lenz A, Shulman D, Raskin P, Adhikari S, Dickson B, Dunnigan E, Lingvay I, Pruneda L, Ramos-Roman M, Raskin P, Rhee C, Richard J, Siegelman M, Sturges D, Sumpter K, White P, Alford M, Arthur J, Aviles-Santa ML, Cordova E, Davis R, Fernandez S, Fordan S, Hardin T, Jacobs A, Kaloyanova P, Lukacova-Zib I, Mirfakhraee S, Mohan A, Noto H, Smith O, Torres N, Wherrett D, Balmer D, Eisel L, Kovalakovska R, Mehan M, Sultan F, Ahenkorah B, Cevallos J, Razack N, Jo Ricci M, Rhode A, Srikandarajah M, Steger R, Russell WE, Black M, Brendle F, Brown A, Moore D, Pittel E, Robertson A, Shannon A, Thomas JW, Herold K, Feldman L, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Toppari J, Kallio T, Kärkkäinen M, Mäntymäki E, Niininen T, Nurmi B, Rajala P, Romo M, Suomenrinne S, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Simell T, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Bianconi E, Bonfanti R, Grogan P, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Meschi F, Pastore M, Falqui L, Teresa Muscato M, Viscardi M, Bingley P, Castleden H, Farthing N, Loud S, Matthews C, McGhee J, Morgan A, Pollitt J, Elliot-Jones R, Wheaton C, Knip M, Siljander H, Suomalainen H, Colman P, Healy F, Mesfin S, Redl L, Wentworth J, Willis J, Farley M, Harrison L, Perry C, Williams F, Mayo A, Paxton J, Thompson V, Volin L, Fenton C, Carr L, Lemon E, Swank M, Luidens M, Salgam M, Sharma V, Schade D, King C, Carano R, Heiden J, Means N, Holman L, Thomas I, Madrigal D, Muth T, Martin C, Plunkett C, Ramm C, Auchus R, Lane W, Avots E, Buford M, Hale C, Hoyle J, Lane B, Muir A, Shuler S, Raviele N, Ivie E, Jenkins M, Lindsley K, Hansen I, Fadoju D, Felner E, Bode B, Hosey R, Sax J, Jefferies C, Mannering S, Prentis R, She J, Stachura M, Hopkins D, Williams J, Steed L, Asatapova E, Nunez S, Knight S, Dixon P, Ching J, Donner T, Longnecker S, Abel K, Arcara K, Blackman S, Clark L, Cooke D, Plotnick L, Levin P, Bromberger L, Klein K, Sadurska K, Allen C, Michaud D, Snodgrass H, Burghen G, Chatha S, Clark C, Silverberg J, Wittmer C, Gardner J, LeBoeuf C, Bell P, McGlore O, Tennet H, Alba N, Carroll M, Baert L, Beaton H, Cordell E, Haynes A, Reed C, Lichter K, McCarthy P, McCarthy S, Monchamp T, Roach J, Manies S, Gunville F, Marosok L, Nelson T, Ackerman K, Rudolph J, Stewart M, McCormick K, May S, Falls T, Barrett T, Dale K, Makusha L, McTernana C, Penny-Thomas K, Sullivan K, Narendran P, Robbie J, Smith D, Christensen R, Koehler B, Royal C, Arthur T, Houser H, Renaldi J, Watsen S, Wu P, Lyons L, House B, Yu J, Holt H, Nation M, Vickers C, Watling R, Heptulla R, Trast J, Agarwal C, Newell D, Katikaneni R, Gardner C, Del A, Rio A, Logan H, Collier C, Rishton G, Whalley A, Ali S, Ramtoola T, Quattrin L, Mastrandea A, House M, Ecker C, Huang C, Gougeon J, Ho D, Pacuad D, Dunger J, May C, O’Brien C, Acerini B, Salgin A, Thankamony R, Williams J, Buse G, Fuller M, Duclos J, Tricome H, Brown D, Pittard D, Bowlby A, Blue T, Headley S, Bendre K, Lewis K, Sutphin C, Soloranzo J, Puskaric H, Madison M, Rincon M, Carlucci R, Shridharani B, Rusk E, Tessman D, Huffman H, Abrams B, Biederman M, Jones V, Leathers W, Brickman P, Petrie D, Zimmerman J, Howard L, Miller R, Alemzadeh D, Mihailescu R, Melgozza-Walker N, Abdulla C, Boucher-Berry D, Ize-Ludlow R, Levy C, Swenson, Brousell N, Crimmins D, Edler T, Weis C, Schultz D, Rogers D, Latham C, Mawhorter C, Switzer W, Spencer P, Konstantnopoulus S, Broder J, Klein L, Knight L, Szadek G, Welnick B, Thompson R, Hoffman A, Revell J, Cherko K, Carter E, Gilson J, Haines G, Arthur B, Bowen W, Zipf P, Graves R, Lozano D, Seiple K, Spicer A, Chang J, Fregosi J, Harbinson C, Paulson S, Stalters P, Wright D, Zlock A, Freeth J, Victory H, Maheshwari A, Maheshwari T, Holmstrom J, Bueno R, Arguello J, Ahern L, Noreika V, Watson S, Hourse P, Breyer C, Kissel Y, Nicholson M, Pfeifer S, Almazan J, Bajaj M, Quinn K, Funk J, McCance E, Moreno R, Veintimilla A, Wells J, Cook S, Trunnel J, Henske S, Desai K, Frizelis F, Khan R, Sjoberg K, Allen P, Manning G, Hendry B, Taylor S, Jones W, Strader M, Bencomo T, Bailey L, Bedolla C, Roldan C, Moudiotis B, Vaidya C, Anning S, Bunce S, Estcourt E, Folland E, Gordon C, Harrill J, Ireland J, Piper L, Scaife K, Sutton S, Wilkins M, Costelloe J, Palmer L, Casas C, Miller M, Burgard C, Erickson J, Hallanger-Johnson P, Clark W, Taylor A, Lafferty S, Gillett C, Nolan M, Pathak L, Sondrol T, Hjelle S, Hafner J, Kotrba R, Hendrickson A, Cemeroglu T, Symington M, Daniel Y, Appiagyei-Dankah D, Postellon M, Racine L, Kleis K, Barnes S, Godwin H, McCullough K, Shaheen G, Buck L, Noel M, Warren S, Weber S, Parker I, Gillespie B, Nelson C, Frost J, Amrhein E, Moreland A, Hayes J, Peggram J, Aisenberg M, Riordan J, Zasa E, Cummings K, Scott T, Pinto A, Mokashi K, McAssey E, Helden P, Hammond L, Dinning S, Rahman S, Ray C, Dimicri S, Guppy H, Nielsen C, Vogel C, Ariza L, Morales Y, Chang R, Gabbay L, Ambrocio L, Manley R, Nemery W, Charlton P, Smith L, Kerr B, Steindel-Kopp M, Alamaguer D, Liljenquist G, Browning T, Coughenour M, Sulk E, Tsalikan M, Tansey J, Cabbage N. Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M. Triolo
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Peter A. Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Goodman MS, Gbaje E, Yassin SM, Johnson Dias J, Gilbert K, Thompson V. Adaptation, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Public Health Research Methods Training for Youth. Health Equity 2018; 2:349-355. [PMID: 30515470 PMCID: PMC6277980 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2018.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To adapt, implement, and evaluate a public health research methods training program for youth. The Community Research Fellows Training Program is an evidence-based public health research methods training program for adults (18 years and older). The Youth Research Fellows Training (YRFT) is an adaptation of this program for youth. Methods: University faculty facilitate didactic training sessions and experiential small group activities in biweekly sessions conducted as part of an existing 4-week summer camp. Participants were African American girls (n=11) ranging from ages 10 to 14 years (most recent grade completed 4th–8th). To evaluate participant knowledge gain and satisfaction pre-tests were administered before each session, and post-test and evaluations were administered after each session. In addition, faculty completed web-based evaluation surveys on their experience teaching in the program. Results: Mean and median post-test scores were higher than pre-test scores for most (6 of the 7) of the training sessions; one session had no difference in scores. Participants rated the sessions well, on average overall session ratings of 4.3–4.8 on a 5-point Likert scale. Faculty rated their experience teaching in the program as excellent or very good and would be willing to teach in the program again (n=7; 100%). Conclusion: This pilot implementation of the YRFT program proved highly successful in terms of participant and faculty experience. The program evaluation demonstrates increased knowledge of public health research methods. This program has the potential to prepare youth to engage in public health research as partners not just participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S. Goodman
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
- Address correspondence to: Melody S. Goodman, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, College of Global Public Health, 715 Broadway, 10th Floor, New York University, New York, NY 10003,
| | - Ejiro Gbaje
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Sallie M. Yassin
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Keon Gilbert
- Behavioral Science and Health Education, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vetta Thompson
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Redondo MJ, Geyer S, Steck AK, Sharp S, Wentworth JM, Weedon MN, Antinozzi P, Sosenko J, Atkinson M, Pugliese A, Oram RA, Antinozzi P, Atkinson M, Battaglia M, Becker D, Bingley P, Bosi E, Buckner J, Colman P, Gottlieb P, Herold K, Insel R, Kay T, Knip M, Marks J, Moran A, Palmer J, Peakman M, Philipson L, Pugliese A, Raskin P, Rodriguez H, Roep B, Russell W, Schatz D, Wherrett D, Wilson D, Winter W, Ziegler A, Benoist C, Blum J, Chase P, Clare-Salzler M, Clynes R, Eisenbarth G, Fathman C, Grave G, Hering B, Kaufman F, Leschek E, Mahon J, Nanto-Salonen K, Nepom G, Orban T, Parkman R, Pescovitz M, Peyman J, Roncarolo M, Simell O, Sherwin R, Siegelman M, Steck A, Thomas J, Trucco M, Wagner J, Greenbaum ,CJ, Bourcier K, Insel R, Krischer JP, Leschek E, Rafkin L, Spain L, Cowie C, Foulkes M, Krause-Steinrauf H, Lachin JM, Malozowski S, Peyman J, Ridge J, Savage P, Skyler JS, Zafonte SJ, Kenyon NS, Santiago I, Sosenko JM, Bundy B, Abbondondolo M, Adams T, Amado D, Asif I, Boonstra M, Bundy B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Deemer M, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Browning G, Coughenour T, Sulk M, Tsalikan E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Dixit N, Pasha S, King M, Adcock K, Geyer S, Atterberry H, Fox L, Englert K, Mauras N, Permuy J, Sikes K, Berhe T, Guendling B, McLennan L, Paganessi L, Hays B, Murphy C, Draznin M, Kamboj M, Sheppard S, Lewis V, Coates L, Moore W, Babar G, Bedard J, Brenson-Hughes D, Henderson C, Cernich J, Clements M, Duprau R, Goodman S, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz L, Karmazin A, Letjen T, Raman S, Morin D, Henry M, Bestermann W, Morawski E, White J, Brockmyer A, Bays R, Campbell S, Stapleton A, Stone N, Donoho A, Everett H, Heyman K, Hensley H, Johnson M, Marshall C, Skirvin N, Taylor P, Williams R, Ray L, Wolverton C, Nickels D, Dothard C, Hsiao B, Speiser P, Pellizzari M, Bokor L, Izuora K, Abdelnour S, Cummings P, Paynor S, Leahy M, Riedl M, Shockley S, Karges C, Saad R, Briones T, Casella S, Herz C, Walsh K, Greening J, Hay F, Hunt S, 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P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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Vizvary Z, Bourdel B, Garcia-Carrasco A, Lam N, Leipold F, Pitts R, Reichle R, Riccardo V, Rubel M, De Temmerman G, Thompson V, Widdowson A. Engineering design and analysis of an ITER-like first mirror test assembly on JET. Fusion Engineering and Design 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Matthews G, Bunting P, Devaux S, Drewelow P, Guillemaut C, King D, Lerche E, Silburn S, Szepesi G, Riccardo V, Thompson V. Energy balance in JET. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Thompson V, Miller M. Diet and Diabetes in the Solomon Islands. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thompson V, Mayer-Hamblett N, Kloster M, Bilton D, Flume PA. Corrigendum to "Risk of hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis clinical trials: A retrospective cohort study" [J Cyst Fibros (2015) 632-638]. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:e54-e55. [PMID: 27211571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Thompson
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 8th Ave Ste 400, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, United States.
| | - N Mayer-Hamblett
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 8th Ave Ste 400, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 4800 Sand Point Way N.E., Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98105-0371, United States.
| | - M Kloster
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, 2001 8th Ave Ste 400, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, United States.
| | - D Bilton
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom.
| | - P A Flume
- Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., Room 812-CSB, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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Miller M, Kaesberg J, Thompson V. 'What’s Cooking?': Qualitative Evaluation of a Head Start Parent-Child Pilot Cooking Program. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Goss C, Heltshe S, Thompson V, West N, Sanders D, VanDevanter D, Flume P. 189 Standardized treatment of pulmonary exacerbation (STOP) study: Symptomatic treatment response. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanders D, Goss C, VanDevanter D, Heltse S, Thompson V, Flume P. 188 Standardized treatment of pulmonary exacerbations (STOP) study: Clinical presentations of pulmonary exacerbations. J Cyst Fibros 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(15)30365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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de Sá Rodrigues LC, Holmes KE, Thompson V, Newton MA, Stein TJ. Tumourigenic canine osteosarcoma cell lines associated with frizzled-6 up-regulation and enhanced side population cell frequency. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:78-93. [PMID: 25689105 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An increased serum alkaline phosphatase concentration is known to be associated with a negative prognosis in canine and human osteosarcoma. To expand upon previous studies regarding the biological relevance of increased serum alkaline phosphatase as a negative prognostic factor, xenogeneic heterotopic transplants were performed using six canine primary osteosarcoma cell lines generated from patients with differing serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations (three normal and three increased). Three of the six cell lines were capable of generating tumours and tumour formation was independent of the serum alkaline phosphatase status of the cell line. Microarray analysis identified 379 genes as being differentially expressed between the tumourigenic and non-tumourigenic cell lines. Frizzled-6 was upregulated to the greatest extent (7.78-fold) in tumourigenic cell lines compared with non-tumourigenic cell lines. Frizzled-6, a co-receptor for Wnt ligands has been associated with enhanced tumour-initiating cells and poor prognosis for other tumours. The increased expression of frizzled-6 was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) and Western blot analysis. Additionally, the tumourigenic cell lines also had an increase in the percentage of side population cells compared with non-tumourigenic cell lines (5.89% versus 1.58%, respectively). There were no differences in tumourigenicity, frizzled-6 or percentage of side population cells noted between osteosarcoma cell lines generated from patients of differing serum alkaline phosphatase concentration. However, to our knowledge this is the first study to identified frizzled-6 as a possible marker of osteosarcoma cell populations with enhanced tumourigenicity and side population cells. Future work will focus on defining the role of frizzled-6 in osteosarcoma tumourigenesis and tumour-initiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C de Sá Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K E Holmes
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Thompson
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M A Newton
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T J Stein
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Rodrigues LCDS, Holmes KE, Thompson V, Piskun CM, Lana SE, Newton MA, Stein TJ. Osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines from patients with differing serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations display minimal differences in gene expression patterns. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 14:e58-69. [PMID: 25643733 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration is a prognostic factor for osteosarcoma in multiple studies, although its biological significance remains incompletely understood. To determine whether gene expression patterns differed in osteosarcoma from patients with differing serum ALP concentrations, microarray analysis was performed on 18 primary osteosarcoma samples and six osteosarcoma cell lines from dogs with normal and increased serum ALP concentration. No differences in gene expression patterns were noted between tumours or cell lines with differing serum ALP concentration using a gene-specific two-sample t-test. Using a more sensitive empirical Bayes procedure, defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 1 (DCUN1D1) was increased in both the tissue and cell lines of the normal ALP group. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), differences in DCUN1D1 expression between the two groups failed to reach significance. The homogeneity of gene expression patterns of osteosarcoma associated differing serum ALP concentrations are consistent with previous studies suggesting serum ALP concentration is not associated with intrinsic differences of osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C de Sá Rodrigues
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - K E Holmes
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Thompson
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C M Piskun
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S E Lana
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft Collins, CO, USA
| | - M A Newton
- Departments of Statistics and of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T J Stein
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Goodman MS, Gennarelli R, Drake BF, Thompson V, Bowen D. Abstract A37: Measuring internal consistency of community engagement principle items and calculation of community engagement scores. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp13-a37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Comprehensive cancer centers have been mandated to engage communities in their work; thus measurement of the level of community engagement in projects is a priority area. Siteman Cancer Center's Program for the Elimination of Cancer Disparities (PECaD) works with communities to reduce health disparities through outreach, education, and training. PECaD projects seek to align with 11 engagement principles (EP) that have been previously developed in the literature. The PECaD evaluation team developed items that are designed to assess how well PECaD projects adhere to the 11 engagement principles. While the importance of community engagement in research has been previously established, there are few evidence-based approaches for measuring the level of community engagement in research projects.
Methods: 58 community members newly engaged in community-academic research partnerships completed a community engagement survey. The community engagement survey contained 96 items on community engagement pertaining to 11 Engagement Principles (EP) and evaluates how well the project aligns with the PECaD engagement principles. The questions had Likert scale response options; 48 questions measuring quality (how well) and 48 questions measuring quantity (how often). Each Engagement Principle is measured by 3-5 quality items and 3-5 corresponding quantity items. The scores developed assess the level of community engagement with higher scores corresponding to higher quality/frequency of engagement. Cronbach's alpha is used to measure the internal consistency of items to measure a single EP. Quality scores are created using 48 quality items and quantity scores are created using the corresponding 48 quantity items. In order to be included in score calculations of the average sum score on each scale (quality/quantity), each respondent had to have at least 3 answered items for EPs that contained 4-5 items and at least 2 answered items for EPs that contained 3 items. Overall average sum scores for each principle were calculated by summing the quantity average and quality average scores for each engagement principal. The lowest possible EP-specific score was 2, while the highest possible score was 10.
Results: Every EP item group had a Cronbach's alpha >.85, which indicates strong internal consistency for all question groups across both the quality and quantity scales. Average EP scores ranged from 6.87 to 8.06; distribution of scores was approximately normal. Survey respondents reported adherence to the 11 PECaD engagement principles between sometime and most of the time on the quantity scale and between good and very good on the quality scale.
Conclusion: It's necessary to examine internal consistency in order to develop measures that accurately determine how well PECaD projects align with the engagement principles and develop appropriate measures (scores) for assessing community engagement. The strong results of this analysis suggest that question items are internally consistent with each engagement principle. Engagement scores although not extremely high; are quite good and better than expected considering there has been less than 10 months of engagement. Cronbach's alpha calculations are sufficiently precise for n=30, when at least 2 items are analyzed and have a mean intercorrelation of at least 0.70; which is true for all EP item groups. Despite its limitations, this makes this pilot study valuable even with its overall small sample size.
Citation Format: Melody S. Goodman, Renee Gennarelli, Bettina F. Drake, Vetta Thompson, Deborah Bowen. Measuring internal consistency of community engagement principle items and calculation of community engagement scores. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A37. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A37
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vetta Thompson
- 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO,
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Riccardo V, Arnoux G, Collins S, Lomas P, Matthews G, Pace N, Thompson V. Operational impact on the JET ITER-like wall in-vessel components. Fusion Engineering and Design 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Conrad C, Lymp J, Thompson V, Dunn C, Davies Z, Chatfield B, Nichols D, Clancy J, Vender R, Egan ME, Quittell L, Michelson P, Antony V, Spahr J, Rubenstein RC, Moss RB, Herzenberg LA, Goss CH, Tirouvanziam R. Long-term treatment with oral N-acetylcysteine: affects lung function but not sputum inflammation in cystic fibrosis subjects. A phase II randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Cyst Fibros 2014; 14:219-27. [PMID: 25228446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which replenishes systemic glutathione, on decreasing inflammation and improving lung function in CF airways. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind proof of concept study in which 70 CF subjects received NAC or placebo orally thrice daily for 24 weeks. ENDPOINTS primary, change in sputum human neutrophil elastase (HNE) activity; secondary, FEV(1) and other clinical lung function measures; and safety, the safety and tolerability of NAC and the potential of NAC to promote pulmonary hypertension in subjects with CF. RESULTS Lung function (FEV(1) and FEF(25-75%)) remained stable or increased slightly in the NAC group but decreased in the placebo group (p=0.02 and 0.02). Log(10) HNE activity remained equal between cohorts (difference 0.21, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.48, p=0.14). CONCLUSIONS NAC recipients maintained their lung function while placebo recipients declined (24 week FEV1 treatment effect=150 mL, p<0.02). However no effect on HNE activity and other selected biomarkers of neutrophilic inflammation were detected. Further studies on mechanism and clinical outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Conrad
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - J Lymp
- CFFT Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle, WA. 2001 8th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - V Thompson
- CFFT Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle, WA. 2001 8th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - C Dunn
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - Z Davies
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - B Chatfield
- University of Utah Pediatric Pulmonology, 100N. Mario Capecchi Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84113, United States
| | - D Nichols
- National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Adult CF Center, Denver, CO 80206, United States
| | - J Clancy
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Pulmonary Medicine, OSB 5, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - R Vender
- Pennsylvania State University/Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - M E Egan
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., Rm. FMP 526, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - L Quittell
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Columbia University Medical Center, 3959 Broadway CHC 7-701, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - P Michelson
- St. Louis Children's Hospital, 660 Euclid Ave., CF Center, 10th Floor NW Tower, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - V Antony
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 422 Tinsley Harrison Tower, 1900 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006, United States
| | - J Spahr
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 4221 Penn Avenue, AOB Suite 3300, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - R C Rubenstein
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th St and Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center, Room 410A, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - R B Moss
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, 770 Welch Rd., #350, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States
| | - L A Herzenberg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5318, United States
| | - C H Goss
- CFFT Therapeutics Development Network Coordinating Center, Seattle, WA. 2001 8th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98121, United States
| | - R Tirouvanziam
- Emory+Children's Center for CF and Airways Disease Research, 2015 Uppergate Dr., Rm. 344, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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Thompson V, Frentzas S, Vermeulen P, Foo S, Eltahir Z, Brown G, Cunningham D, Reynolds A. 32: Proffered Paper: Vessel co-option in colorectal cancer liver metastases mediates resistance to conventional anti-angiogenic therapy. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Riccardo V, Lomas P, Matthews G, Nunes I, Thompson V, Villedieu E. Design, manufacture and initial operation of the beryllium components of the JET ITER-like wall. Fusion Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Holmes KE, Thompson V, Piskun CM, Kohnken RA, Huelsmeyer MK, Fan TM, Stein TJ. Canine osteosarcoma cell lines from patients with differing serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations display no behavioural differences in vitro. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:166-75. [PMID: 23489774 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy and represents the most frequent primary bone malignancy of dogs and humans. Prognostic factors reported for osteosarcoma include tumour size, presence of metastatic disease and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration at the time of diagnosis. To date, there have been no studies to determine whether the behaviour of osteosarcoma cells differ based on serum ALP concentration. Here, we report on the generation of six canine osteosarcoma cell lines from osteosarcoma-bearing dogs with differences in serum ALP concentration. To determine whether in vitro behaviour differs between primary osteosarcoma cell lines generated from patients with normal or increased serum ALP, assays were performed to evaluate proliferation, migration, invasion and chemosensitivity. There were no significant differences in cell proliferation, migration, invasion or chemosensitivity between cell lines associated with normal or increased serum ALP concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Holmes
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - V Thompson
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - C M Piskun
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R A Kohnken
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - M K Huelsmeyer
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - T J Stein
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Chon E, Thompson V, Schmid S, Stein TJ. Activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway is rare in canine malignant melanoma tissue and cell lines. J Comp Pathol 2012; 148:178-87. [PMID: 22901430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumour associated with a poor overall survival rate due to both local disease recurrence and its highly metastatic nature. Similar to advanced melanoma in man, canine oral melanoma is poorly responsive to conventional anti-cancer therapies. The lack of sustainable disease control warrants investigation of novel therapies, preferably targeting features specific to the tumour and different from normal cells. The Wnt signalling pathway is known to contribute to melanocytic lineage development in vertebrates and perturbation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been implicated in numerous cancer types. Alterations of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are suggested to occur in a subset of human melanomas, although the precise role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in melanoma is yet to be defined. This study investigates the activation status of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in canine malignant melanoma and its potential as a therapeutic target for treating this disease. The data indicate that canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation is a rare event in canine oral malignant melanoma tissue and canine malignant melanoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chon
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Mertens P, Altmann H, Chaumet P, Joffrin E, Knaup M, Matthews G, Neubauer O, Nicolai D, Riccardo V, Tanchuk V, Thompson V, Uhlemann R, Samm U. A bulk tungsten tile for JET: Heat flux tests in the MARION facility on the power-handling performance and validation of the thermal model. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zatz I, Baker R, Brooks A, Cole M, Neilson G, Lowry C, Mardenfeld M, Omran H, Thompson V, Todd T. Design of JET ELM control coils for operation at 350°C. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.03.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Katramados I, Fishpool G, Fursdon M, Whitfield G, Thompson V, Meyer H. MAST upgrade closed pumped divertor design and analysis. Fusion Engineering and Design 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2011.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most frequently occurring malignant primary bone tumour in dogs and children and arises from cells of the osteoblast lineage. Inappropriate Wnt signalling activity has been implicated in human OSA. Altered expression of β-catenin, an integral member of the Wnt signalling pathway, has been associated with numerous human cancers, including OSA. In this study, 30 of the 37 primary canine OSA tissues and 2 of the 3 metastatic OSAs were positive for β-catenin expression as determined by immunohistochemistry, whereas 2 normal bones stained negative for β-catenin. No mutations were identified in exon 3 of β-catenin in the three OSA cases in which DNA sequencing was performed. Finally, there was no relationship between β-catenin expression and overall survival time or disease-free interval. Our results indicate β-catenin is frequently expressed within the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells in canine OSA but contains no detectable mutations in exon 3, similar to human OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Stein
- Department of Medical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1102, USA.
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Kreuter MW, Griffith DJ, Thompson V, Brownson RC, McClure S, Scharff DP, Clark EM, Haire-Joshu D. Lessons learned from a decade of focused recruitment and training to develop minority public health professionals. Am J Public Health 2011; 101 Suppl 1:S188-95. [PMID: 21551376 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
From 1999 to 2009, the Eliminating Health Disparities Pre-doctoral Fellowship Program provided specialized education and mentoring to African American graduate students in public health. Fellows received a public health degree, coursework in understanding and eliminating health disparities, experiential learning, mentored research, and professional network building with African American role models. We describe successful strategies for recruiting and training fellows and make 5 recommendations for those seeking to increase workforce diversity in public health: (1) build a community of minority students, not a string of individual recruits; (2) reward mentoring; (3) provide a diverse set of role models and mentors; (4) dedicate staffing to assure a student-centered approach; and, (5) commit to training students with varying levels of academic refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Kreuter
- Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University, St Louis, MO63112, USA.
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Thompson V, Krivchenkov Y, Riccardo V, Vizvary Z. Analysis and design of the beryllium tiles for the JET ITER-like wall project. Fusion Engineering and Design 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Huang M, Wang R, Thompson V, Rekow D, Soboyejo WO. Bioinspired design of dental multilayers. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:57-64. [PMID: 17200814 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper considers the use of bioinspired functionally graded structures in the design of dental multi-layers that are more resistant to sub-surface crack nucleation. Unlike existing dental crown restorations that give rise to high stress concentration, the functionally graded layers (between crown materials and the joins that attach them to dentin) are shown to promote significant reductions in stress and improvements in the critical crack size. Special inspiration is drawn from the low stress concentrations associated with the graded distributions in the dentin-enamel-junction (DEJ). The implications of such functionally graded structures are also discussed for the design of dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huang
- The Princeton Materials Institute and The Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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McFarlin CGS, McCabe‐Sellers BJ, Thompson V, Bogle ML. Low whole grain food availability in three Lower Mississippi Delta communities. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - B J McCabe‐Sellers
- Delta Nutrition Intervention Research InitiativeUSDAARS900 S. Shackleford, Ste. 509Little RockAR72211
| | - V Thompson
- Delta Nutrition Intervention Research InitiativeUSDAARS900 S. Shackleford, Ste. 509Little RockAR72211
| | - M L Bogle
- Delta Nutrition Intervention Research InitiativeUSDAARS900 S. Shackleford, Ste. 509Little RockAR72211
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Thompson V. Associative nitrogen fixation, C4 photosynthesis, and the evolution of spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) as major pests of neotropical sugarcane and forage grasses. Bull Entomol Res 2004; 94:189-200. [PMID: 15191620 DOI: 10.1079/ber2004293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neotropical grass-feeding spittlebugs of several genera are important pests of pasture grasses from the southeastern USA to northern Argentina, and of sugarcane from southern Mexico to southern Brazil, causing estimated reductions of up to 70% in yield and estimated monetary losses of 840-2100 million US dollars annually. With few exceptions, the species badly damaged by these spittlebugs are introduced C4 grasses that exhibit associative nitrogen fixation. This study synthesizes evidence that the pest status of many tropical and subtropical grass-feeding spittlebugs is linked to associative N-fixation in their C4 hosts. Recognition that associative N-fixation is a major factor in spittlebug host preferences should deepen understanding of spittlebug agricultural ecology and facilitate efforts to combat spittlebug pests. In particular, spittlebugs should be susceptible to manipulation of xylem transport solutes. However, reduction of nitrate fertilizer rates, increase in ammonium fertilizer rates, or enhancement of associative N-fixation as a consequence of genetic engineering could make hosts more susceptible to spittlebug attack. Because of their predilection for C4 grasses, spittlebugs present a clear counterexample to the hypothesis that herbivores prefer C3 plants to C4 plants. Finally, it appears that declines in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during recent geological history promoted the proliferation of C4 grasses. This, compounded by human agricultural activities, has driven an ecological and evolutionary radiation of grass-feeding spittlebugs that presents continuing opportunities for the evolution of spittlebug pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thompson
- School of Science and Mathematics, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA.
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Reichler MR, Bur S, Reves R, Mangura B, Thompson V, Ford J, Castro KG. Results of testing for human immunodeficiency virus infection among recent contacts of infectious tuberculosis cases in the United States. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7:S471-8. [PMID: 14677840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Persons with recently acquired latent tuberculosis (TB) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection are at high risk of rapid progression to TB disease. OBJECTIVES To determine the proportion of close contacts of infectious TB patients tested for HIV, and the results of HIV testing for this group. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS Review of health department records for all close contacts of 349 patients with culture-positive pulmonary TB aged 15 years or older reported from five study areas in the United States in 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of close contacts of TB patients tested for HIV, and rate of HIV infection among close contacts of TB patients. RESULTS A total of 1169 close contacts were identified for 349 patients with active pulmonary TB. HIV test results were available for 224 (64%) TB patients and 220 (19%) close contacts. Of the TB patients tested, 164 (73%) were HIV-negative and 60 (27%) were HIV-positive. An equal proportion of close contacts of HIV-positive and -negative TB patients were tested (21% vs. 24%). Of the close contacts tested, 201 (91%) were HIV-negative and 19 (9%) were HIV-positive. Compared with close contacts of HIV-negative TB patients, close contacts of HIV-positive TB patients were more likely to be HIV-positive (53% vs. 2%; P < 0.01). This association was observed for contacts residing in the TB patient household (70% vs. none; P < 0.01), not residing in the TB patient household (20% vs. 4%; P < 0.05), 25-44 years of age (88% vs. 8%; P < 0.01), and > 44 years of age (22% vs. 2%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HIV-positive TB patients and their close contacts may share some of the same risk factors for HIV infection. These findings suggest that the HIV status of the TB patient, in addition to established risk factors for HIV infection, may be an important consideration for prioritizing voluntary HIV counseling and testing efforts among close contacts of infectious TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Reichler
- Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
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Davidow AL, Mangura BT, Wolman MS, Bur S, Reves R, Thompson V, Ford J, Reichler MR. Workplace contact investigations in the United States. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7:S446-52. [PMID: 14677836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Five state tuberculosis (TB) control programs in the United States. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of and treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI) among contacts of active TB cases identified in the workplace, and to describe TB control program policies for the initiation and conduct of workplace investigations. DESIGN Retrospective review of health department records for all culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases aged > or = 15 years reported in 1996, and their contacts. RESULTS There were 349 cases of active TB, of whom 134 (38%) were employed. Workplace contact investigations were conducted for 42 cases, resulting in the identification of 724 contacts. The rate of LTBI was 29% overall, varying by worksite from a low of 16% to a high of 51%. LTBI estimates were higher for fully-screened contacts of smear-positive rather than of smear-negative index cases. However, fully-screened contacts of index patients with cavitary disease had lower LTBI estimates than those of index patients without cavitation. Treatment for LTBI was initiated in 45% of infected contacts. The five programs had somewhat variable policies regarding workplace contact investigations. Data on HIV co-infection and place of birth of contacts were largely missing. CONCLUSION Factors contributing to LTBI among workplace contacts may include the presence of persons with pre-existing LTBI or a positive skin test as a result of BCG vaccination, clinical characteristics of the index case, and workplace environmental characteristics conducive to transmission. Standard guidelines for workplace investigations, written workplace investigation policies, and standard data collection practices are needed to better apportion the causes of observed infection rates in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Davidow
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
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Yun LWH, Reves RR, Reichler MR, Bur S, Thompson V, Mangura B, Ford J. Outcomes of contact investigation among homeless persons with infectious tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7:S405-11. [PMID: 14677830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Homelessness is an important risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Health departments often fail to identify contacts for homeless TB cases, but little else is known about the outcome of contact investigations for these cases. OBJECTIVE To describe the outcomes of identification, tuberculin skin testing (TST), clinical evaluation and treatment for contacts of infectious homeless TB cases. DESIGN Retrospective multicenter review of data of contact investigations conducted in 1996 by five health departments in the United States. RESULTS Twenty-seven (8%) of 349 TB cases were homeless. Failure to identify contacts occurred in six (50%) of 12 cases residing in shelters vs. one (7%) of 15 non-shelter cases. Of 479 contacts identified, 297 (62%) were fully evaluated, 97 (20%) had only initial testing, and 85 (18%) were not evaluated. Of the 394 evaluated contacts, 13 (3%) had a prior positive TST. Of the remaining 381 contacts, six (1.6%) had active TB and 67 (17.6%) were TST-positive. Only 27 (44%) of 61 contacts completed treatment for latent TB infection. CONCLUSION Despite the failure to identify contacts for some cases, contact investigations for homeless TB cases identified large numbers of contacts for whom evaluation and treatment were often not completed. Prospective studies with more complete documentation are needed to improve contact investigations for homeless TB cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W H Yun
- TB Clinic, Denver Health and Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80204-4507, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The authors sought to gain further perspective on discrimination experienced by persons with mental illness by comparing self-reports of discrimination due to mental illness to self-reports of discrimination due to other group characteristics, such as race, gender, and sexual orientation. METHODS A total of 1,824 persons with serious mental illness who participated in a baseline interview for a multistate study on consumer-operated services completed a two-part discrimination questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire assessed participants' perceptions about discrimination due to mental illness as well as more than half a dozen other group characteristics. The second part of the questionnaire asked participants who reported some experience with discrimination to identify areas in which this discrimination occurred, such as employment, education, and housing. RESULTS More than half of the study participants (949 participants, or 53 percent) reported some experience with discrimination. The most frequent sources of this discrimination were mental disability, race, sexual orientation, and physical disability. Areas in which discrimination frequently occurred included employment, housing, and interactions with law enforcement. Areas in which discrimination was experienced did not significantly differ among groups of study participants characterized by mental disability, race, gender, sexual orientation, or physical disability. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination based on group characteristics other than mental illness does not diminish the impact of stigma associated with mental illness. Antistigma programs need to target not only discrimination related to mental illness but also that associated with other group characteristics, such as race, gender, sexual orientation, and physical disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Corrigan
- University of Chicago Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Tinley Park, Illinois, 60477, USA.
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Sandy JD, Thompson V, Doege K, Verscharen C. The intermediates of aggrecanase-dependent cleavage of aggrecan in rat chondrosarcoma cells treated with interleukin-1. Biochem J 2000; 351:161-6. [PMID: 10998358 PMCID: PMC1221346 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3510161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the abundance and structure of intermediates in the chondrocyte-mediated degradation of aggrecan by aggrecanase(s). Degradation products were identified by Western-blot analysis with antibodies to cleavage-site neoepitopes and to peptides within the globular domains. Rat chondrosarcoma tumour contained full-length aggrecan and all of the individual peptides expected from single independent cleavages at each of the four aggrecanase sites in the chondroitin sulphate (CS) domain. Kinetic analysis of the products present in rat chondrosarcoma cell cultures treated with interleukin-1b showed that the first aggrecanase-mediated cleavages occurred at the four sites within the CS attachment region to generate two stable intermediates, Val(1)-Glu(1459) and Val(1)-Glu(1274). These species were subsequently cleaved at the Glu(373) site in the interglobular domain to form the terminal products, Val(1)-Glu(373), Ala(374)-Glu(1274) and Ala(374)-Glu(1459). It therefore appears that the aggrecanase-mediated processing of native aggrecan by chondrocytes in situ is initiated within the CS-attachment region and completed by cleavage within the interglobular domain. Since it has been shown that digestion of aggrecan monomer in solution with recombinant ADAMTS-4 [Tortorella, Pratta, Liu, Austin, Ross, Abbaszade, Burn and Arner (2000) Sites of aggrecan cleavage by recombinant human aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4). J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18566-18573] exhibits similar kinetics, it appears that preferential proteinase cleavage in the CS-rich region is determined by properties inherent in the aggrecan monomer itself, such as preferred peptide sequences for enzyme binding or enhanced accessibility to the core protein at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Sandy
- Shriners Hospital, Tampa Unit, 12502 North Pine Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Sandy JD, Thompson V, Verscharen C, Gamett D. Chondrocyte-mediated catabolism of aggrecan: evidence for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein in the aggrecanase response to interleukin-1 or retinoic acid. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 367:258-64. [PMID: 10395742 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The control of chondrocyte-mediated degradation of aggrecan has been studied in rat chondrosarcoma cells and bovine cartilage explants treated with either IL-1 or retinoic acid. The capacity of glucosamine to inhibit the aggrecanase-mediated response (J. D. Sandy, D. Gamett, V. Thompson, and C. Verscharen (1998) Biochem. J. 335, 59-66) has been extended to an investigation of the effect of other hexosamines. Mannosamine inhibits the aggrecanase response to both IL-1 and RA at about one-tenth the concentration of glucosamine in both rat cell and bovine explant systems. This effect of mannosamine appears to be due to its capacity to inhibit the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked proteins by chondrocytes since the GPI synthesis inhibitor 2-deoxyfluoroglucose (2-DFG) also inhibited the aggrecanase response to IL-1b and RA in rat cells. Moreover, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) treatment of rat cells markedly inhibited the aggrecanase response to IL-1b and RA. These inhibitory effects of mannosamine, 2-DFG, and PIPLC in rat cells did not appear to be due to an interference with general biosynthetic activity of the cells as measured by [3H]proline incorporation into secreted proteins. We suggest that the aggrecanase response by chondrocytes to IL-1 and RA is dependent on the activity of a GPI-anchored protein on the chondrocyte cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Sandy
- Biochemistry Section, Shriners Hospital, Tampa Unit, 12502 North Pine Drive, Tampa, Florida, 33612, USA.
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Sandy JD, Gamett D, Thompson V, Verscharen C. Chondrocyte-mediated catabolism of aggrecan: aggrecanase-dependent cleavage induced by interleukin-1 or retinoic acid can be inhibited by glucosamine. Biochem J 1998; 335 ( Pt 1):59-66. [PMID: 9742213 PMCID: PMC1219752 DOI: 10.1042/bj3350059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A rat chondrosarcoma cell line and bovine cartilage explants have been used to study the control of aggrecan degradation by chondrocytes treated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) or retinoic acid (RA). Aggrecan fragment analysis with anti-neo-epitope antibodies suggests that aggrecanase (an as yet unidentified enzyme) is the only aggrecan-degrading proteinase active in these cultures. With rat cells, aggrecanase converts the aggrecan core protein into two major G1-domain-bearing products (60 kDa with a C-terminal Glu-373, and 220 kDa with a C-terminal Glu-1459). Both products were quantified on a standardized Western analysis system with a G1-specific antibody. Immunoblots were analysed by scanning densitometry and the sensitivity, linearity and reproducibility of the assay were established. With rat cells the aggrecanase response to IL-1 was optimal at about 2 mM glutamine, but was progressively inhibited at higher concentrations, with about 90% inhibition at 10 mM glutamine. Such inhibition by glutamine was not, however, observed with bovine explants. On the other hand, marked inhibition of aggrecanase-dependent cleavage was observed with both rat cells and bovine explants when d(+)-glucosamine was included at concentrations above 2 mM. Inhibition was apparently not due to cytotoxicity or interference with IL-1 signalling, since biosynthetic activity was not inhibited and inhibition of the aggrecanase response was also obtained when RA was used as the catabolic stimulator. Possible mechanisms for the inhibition of the aggrecanase response by glucosamine in chondrocytes treated with IL-1 or RA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Sandy
- Biochemistry Section, Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children, 12502 North Pine Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Mubata CD, Bidmead AM, Ellingham LM, Thompson V, Dearnaley DP. Portal imaging protocol for radical dose-escalated radiotherapy treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 40:221-31. [PMID: 9422580 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(97)00551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of escalated radiation doses to improve local control in conformal radiotherapy of prostatic cancer is becoming the focus of many centers. There are, however, increased side effects associated with increased radiotherapy doses that are believed to be dependent on the volume of normal tissue irradiated. For this reason, accurate patient positioning, CT planning with 3D reconstruction of volumes of interest, clear definition of treatment margins and verification of treatment fields are necessary components of the quality control for these procedures. In this study electronic portal images are used to (a) evaluate the magnitude and effect of the setup errors encountered in patient positioning techniques, and (b) verify the multileaf collimator (MLC) field patterns for each of the treatment fields. METHODS AND MATERIALS The Phase I volume, with a planning target volume (PTV) composed of the gross tumour volume (GTV) plus a 1.5 cm margin is treated conformally with a three-field plan (usually an anterior field and two lateral or oblique fields). A Phase II, with no margin around the GTV, is treated using two lateral and four oblique fields. Portal images are acquired and compared to digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) and/or simulator films during Phase I to assess the systematic (CT planning or simulator to treatment error) and the daily random errors. The match results from these images are used to correct for the systematic errors, if necessary, and to monitor the time trends and effectiveness of patient imobilization systems used during the Phase I treatment course. For the Phase II, portal images of an anterior and lateral field (larger than the treatment fields) matched to DRRs (or simulator images) are used to verify the isocenter position 1 week before start of Phase II. The Portal images are acquired for all the treatment fields on the first day to verify the MLC field patterns and archived for records. The final distribution of the setup errors was used to calculate modified dose-volume histograms (DVHs). This procedure was carried out on 36 prostate cancer patients, 12 with vacuum-molded (VacFix) bags for immobilization and 24 with no immobilization. RESULTS The systematic errors can be visualized and corrected for before the doses are increased above the conventional levels. The requirement for correction of these errors (e.g., 2.5 mm AP shift) was demonstrated, using DVHs, in the observed 10% increase in rectal volume receiving at least 60 Gy. The random (daily) errors observed showed the need for patient fixation devices when treating with reduced margins. The percentage of fields with displacements of < or = 5.0 mm increased from 82 to 96% with the use of VacFix bags. The rotation of the pelvis is also minimized when the bags are used, with over 95% of the fields with rotations of < or = 2.0 degrees compared to 85% without. Currently, a combination of VacFix and thermoplastic casts is being investigated. CONCLUSION The systematic errors can easily be identified and corrected for in the early stages of the Phase I treatment course. The time trends observed during the course of Phase I in conjunction with the isocenter verification at the start of Phase II give good prediction of the accuracy of the setup during Phase II, where visibility of identifiable structures is reduced in the small fields. The acquisition and inspection of the portal images for the small Phase I fields has been found to be an effective way of keeping a record of the MLC field patterns used. Incorporation of the distribution of the setup errors into the planning system also gives a clearer picture of how the prescribed dose was delivered. This information can be useful in dose-escalation studies in determining the relationship between the local control or morbidity rates and prescribed dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Mubata
- The Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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Bleyl SB, Mumford BR, Thompson V, Carey JC, Pysher TJ, Chin TK, Ward K. Neonatal, lethal noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium is allelic with Barth syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:868-72. [PMID: 9382097 PMCID: PMC1715997 DOI: 10.1086/514879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the G4.5 gene have been shown to cause Barth syndrome (BTHS), an X-linked disorder characterized by cardiac and skeletal myopathy, short stature, and neutropenia. We recently reported a family with a severe X-linked cardiomyopathy described as isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (INVM). Other findings associated with BTHS (skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, growth retardation, elevated urinary organic acids, and mitochondrial abnormalities) were either absent or inconsistent. A linkage study of the X chromosome localized INVM to the Xq28 region near the BTHS locus, suggesting that these disorders are allelic. We screened the G4.5 gene for mutations in this family with SSCP and direct sequencing and found a novel glycine-to-arginine substitution at position 197. This position is conserved in a homologous Caenorhabditis elegans protein. We conclude that INVM is a severe allelic variant of BTHS with a specific effect on the heart. This finding provides further structure-function information about the G4.5 gene product and has implications for unexplained cases of severe infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Bleyl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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Thompson V. Refractive surgery for myopic and hyperopic astigmatism. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1997; 37:37-49. [PMID: 9101344 DOI: 10.1097/00004397-199703710-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Thompson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, USA
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Thompson V, Bidmead M, Mubata C. Pictorial review: comparison of portal imaging and megavoltage verification films for conformal pelvic irradiation. Br J Radiol 1996; 69:1191-5. [PMID: 9135481 DOI: 10.1259/0007-1285-69-828-1191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study has evaluated the use of electronic portal imaging (EPI) as a replacement for megavoltage verification films in the treatment of conformal pelvic patients. The two methods of imaging have been compared in 40 patients. Several advantages of EPI were identified, including case of image acquisition. regular assessment of reproducibility of set-up and the possibility of on-line intervention when necessary. The findings suggest that EPI is a suitable replacement for films.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Thompson
- Radiotherapy Department, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
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Maloney RK, Thompson V, Ghiselli G, Durrie D, Waring GO, O'Connell M. A prospective multicenter trial of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy for corneal vision loss. The Summit Phototherapeutic Keratectomy Study Group. Am J Ophthalmol 1996; 122:149-60. [PMID: 8694083 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 193-nm argon fluoride excimer laser can remove corneal scars and smooth corneal irregularities, obviating corneal transplantation. We conducted a prospective multicenter trial of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy for corneal vision loss as a basis for Food and Drug Administration premarket approval. METHODS We treated 232 eyes of 211 patients with corneal vision loss. All had corneal pathology in the anterior 100 microns of the stroma. Mean postoperative follow-up was 10 +/- 8 months. The primary outcome variable was change in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. RESULTS At postoperative month 12, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved in 46 (45%) of 103 eyes and worsened in nine (9%) of 103 eyes by 2 or more Snellen lines. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved by a mean of 1.6 +/- 2.8 Snellen lines (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.1 lines). Every postoperative visit confirmed statistically significant improvement of mean best spectacle-corrected acuity. At month 12, treated eyes had a mean hyperopic shift in refraction of 0.87 diopter and a mean reduction in astigmatism of 0.36 diopter. Treatment appeared most effective in eyes with hereditary corneal dystrophies, Salzmann's nodular degeneration, and corneal scars, and least effective in eyes with calcific band keratopathy. Complications included recurrence of underlying pathology, corneal graft rejection, and bacterial keratitis. CONCLUSIONS Argon fluoride excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy is effective, with relatively few complications, for treating vision loss from corneal opacification or irregularity. Efficacy, however, varies widely depending upon individual eyes and underlying diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Maloney
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, USA
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Weisman RS, Lizarralde SS, Thompson V. Snake and spider antivenin: risks and benefits of therapy. J Fla Med Assoc 1996; 83:192-195. [PMID: 8920051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R S Weisman
- Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA
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Abstract
A double immunohistochemical labelling procedure in paraffin-embedded renal tissue is reported in which CD3 was targeted as a T cell marker and Ki67 as a marker of cell proliferation. Proliferating and quiescent T cells were unequivocally identified in situ, and their precise location within the kidney was clarified by the use of periodic acid-Schiff counterstaining to outline the basement membranes. Proliferating tubular epithelial cells were also clearly identified. The results showed that T lymphocytes proliferate within the tubular compartment during acute renal allograft rejection. Preliminary evaluation of the method in routine transplant biopsies indicated significant correlations between histologically defined rejection grade and mean intratubular T lymphocytes per tubular cross section and between proliferation of tubular epithelial cells and of intratubular T lymphocytes. The associated tubular epithelial cell proliferation may be a response to local damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Robertson
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Smith MD, Healy E, Thompson V, Morley A, Rees JL. Use of in situ detection of histone mRNA in the assessment of epidermal proliferation: comparison with the Ki67 antigen and BrdU incorporation. Br J Dermatol 1995; 132:359-66. [PMID: 7718451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The labelling index is commonly used as a measure of proliferation. However, the use of tritiated thymidine or BrdU labelling of S-phase cells is limited to prospective samples. We have employed an oligonucleotide cocktail complementary to the mRNA species encoding the replication-dependent histones H2B, H3 and H4 for non-isotopic in situ hybridization (NISH), and have compared the resultant proliferation indices in normal skin with those obtained by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and by Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the monoclonal antibody MIB1. In addition, we compared the staining characteristics of histone NISH and Ki67 IHC in a further 25 samples from a variety of inflammatory dermatoses and neoplastic conditions, as well as from normal skin. In normal skin, S-phase (histone NISH and BrdU) and cycling (Ki67) cells were confined to the basal and low suprabasal layers. The labelling indices determined by histone NISH and BrdU incorporation were similar, whereas that of Ki67 IHC was four times greater. In biopsies from hyperproliferative dermatoses and dysplastic or malignant lesions, the number of histone NISH- and Ki67 IHC-positive cells was generally elevated; in accordance with the differential expression of these two markers during the cell cycle, MIB1 consistently gave higher results. The advantage of histone NISH over Ki67 IHC is that it is a marker of the same part of the cell cycle as BrdU incorporation. However, the combined use of both histone NISH and Ki67 IHC to measure two cell cycle parameters, namely S-phase and the number of cycling cells, allows more detailed retrospective study of epidermal proliferation than has been possible previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Smith
- Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, U.K
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Thompson V. Community health nursing ready to meet the challenges of health reform. AARN News Lett 1995; 51:35-6. [PMID: 7778418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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