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Wallwork SB, Nichols S, Jordan A, Noel M, Madden VJ, Lorimer Moseley G. Harnessing Children's Picture Books to Socialize Children About Pain and Injury: A Qualitative Study. J Pain 2024:104520. [PMID: 38580100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Pain experiences are common during childhood (eg, "everyday" pain, vaccine injections) and are powerful opportunities for children to learn about pain and injury. These experiences likely inform fundamental and life-long beliefs about pain. There is scant research investigating the sociocultural contexts in which children learn about pain and injury. One unexplored context is the shared reading of picture books (eg, between parents/caregivers and children). In this study, we investigated whether shared reading of picture books that included depictions of pain and/or injury prompted parent/caregiver-child interactions. If interactions were observed, we explored what those interactions entailed. Twenty parents/caregivers (8 men, 12 women) and their children (n = 27; 10 boys, 17 girls) were recruited from libraries in South Australia. Parent/caregiver-child families chose from 8 books (7 fiction, 1 nonfiction) with varying amounts of pain/injury-related content. Shared reading interactions were video recorded, transcribed, and analyzed alongside analysis of the picture books using reflexive thematic analysis. Pain/injury-related interactions were observed between parents/caregivers and children during shared reading of picture books. Qualitative analyses generated 1 main theme and 3 subthemes. Findings identified that shared reading presented an opportunity for children's understanding of pain and injury to be socialized through discussion of characters' experiences. This included teaching children about pain and injury, as well as promoting empathy and emotional attunement toward characters who were depicted as being in pain. Finally, parents/caregivers often responded with observable/expressed amusement if pain/injury was depicted in a light-hearted or unrealistic way. Overall, shared reading of picture books presents an untapped opportunity to socialize children about pain and injury. PERSPECTIVE: Shared reading of picture books that have depictions of pain and/or injury can prompt parent/caregiver-child interactions about pain and injury. These interactions present critical opportunities that can be harnessed to promote children's learning of adaptive pain-related concepts and behaviors during a critical developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Wallwork
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Nichols
- Education Futures, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Abbie Jordan
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victoria J Madden
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Madden VJ, Kamerman P, Leake HB, Catley MJ, Heathcote LC, Moseley GL. The Sensation and Pain Rating Scale: easy to use, clear to interpret, and responsive to clinical change. medRxiv 2024:2023.09.08.23295128. [PMID: 37732279 PMCID: PMC10508797 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.08.23295128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The Sensation and Pain Rating Scale (SPARS) allows rating of non-painful as well as painful percepts. While it performs well in the experimental context, its clinical utility is untested. This prospective, repeated-measures study mixed qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the utility and performance of the SPARS in a clinical context, and to compare it with the widely used 11-point NRS for pain. Methods People presenting for outpatient physiotherapy (n = 121) provided ratings on the SPARS and NRS at first consultation, before and after sham and active clinical interventions, and at follow-up consultation. Clinicians (n = 9) reported each scale's usability and interpretability using Likert-type scales and free text, and answered additional questions with free text. Each data type was initially analysed separately: quantitative data were visualised and the ES II metric was used to estimate SPARS internal responsiveness; qualitative data were analysed with a reflexive inductive thematic approach. Data types were then integrated for triangulation and complementarity. Results The SPARS was well received and considered easy to use, after initial familiarisation. Clinicians favoured the SPARS over the NRS for clarity of interpretation and inter-rater reliability. SPARS sensitivity to change was good (ESII=0.9; 95%CI: 0.75-1.10). The greater perceptual range of the SPARS was deemed especially relevant in the later phases of recovery, when pain may recede into discomfort that still warrants clinical attention. Conclusion The SPARS is a promising tool for assessing patient percept, with strong endorsement from clinicians for its clarity and superior perceptual scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Madden
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town. IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Peter Kamerman
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Hayley B Leake
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark J Catley
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lauren C Heathcote
- Health Psychology Section, Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Bedwell GJ, Chikezie PC, Siboza FT, Mqadi L, Rice ASC, Kamerman PR, Parker R, Madden VJ. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Non-pharmacological Methods to Manipulate Experimentally Induced Secondary Hypersensitivity. J Pain 2023; 24:1759-1797. [PMID: 37356604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of non-pharmacological manipulations on experimentally induced secondary hypersensitivity in pain-free humans. We investigated the magnitude (change/difference in follow-up ratings from pre-manipulation ratings) of secondary hypersensitivity (primary outcome), and surface area of secondary hypersensitivity (secondary outcome), in 27 studies representing 847 participants. Risk of bias assessment concluded most studies (23 of 27) had an unclear or high risk of performance and detection bias. Further, 2 (of 27) studies had a high risk of measurement bias. Datasets were pooled by the method of manipulation and outcome. The magnitude of secondary hypersensitivity was decreased by diverting attention, anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, or emotional disclosure; increased by directing attention toward the induction site, nicotine deprivation, or negative suggestion; and unaffected by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation or thermal change. Area of secondary hypersensitivity was decreased by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation, emotional disclosure, cognitive behavioral therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, placebo analgesia, or spinal manipulation; increased by directing attention to the induction site, nicotine deprivation, or sleep disruption (in males only); and unaffected by cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation, thermal change, acupuncture, or electroacupuncture. Meta-analytical pooling was only appropriate for studies that used transcranial direct current stimulation or hyperbaric oxygen therapy, given the high clinical heterogeneity among the studies and unavailability of data. The evidence base for this question remains small. We discuss opportunities to improve methodological rigor including manipulation checks, structured blinding strategies, control conditions or time points, and public sharing of raw data. PERSPECTIVE: We described the effects of several non-pharmacological manipulations on experimentally induced secondary hypersensitivity in humans. By shedding light on the potential for non-pharmacological therapies to influence secondary hypersensitivity, it provides a foundation for the development and testing of targeted therapies for secondary hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J Bedwell
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Prince C Chikezie
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Felicia T Siboza
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luyanduthando Mqadi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew S C Rice
- Pain Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter R Kamerman
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Merlin JS, Hamm M, de Abril Cameron F, Baker V, Brown DA, Cherry CL, Edelman EJ, Evangeli M, Harding R, Josh J, Kemp HI, Lichius C, Madden VJ, Nkhoma K, O'Brien KK, Parker R, Rice A, Robinson-Papp J, Sabin CA, Slawek D, Scott W, Tsui JI, Uebelacker LA, Wadley AL, Goodin BR. The Global Task Force for Chronic Pain in People with HIV (PWH): Developing a research agenda in an emerging field. AIDS Care 2023; 35:1215-1223. [PMID: 33745403 PMCID: PMC10758698 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1902936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common comorbidity in people with HIV (PWH), with prevalence estimates of 25-85%. Research in this area is growing, but significant gaps remain. A Global Task Force of HIV experts was organized to brainstorm a scientific agenda and identify measurement domains critical to advancing research in this field. Experts were identified through literature searches and snowball sampling. Two online questionnaires were developed by Task Force members. Questionnaire 1 asked participants to identify knowledge gaps in the field of HIV and chronic pain and identify measurement domains in studies of chronic pain in PWH. Responses were ranked in order of importance in Questionnaire 2, which was followed by a group discussion. 29 experts completed Questionnaire 1, 25 completed Questionnaire 2, and 21 participated in the group. Many important clinical and research priorities emerged, including the need to examine etiologies of chronic pain in PWH. Pain-related measurement domains were discussed, with a primary focus on domains that could be assessed in a standardized manner across various cohorts that include PWH in different countries. We collaboratively identified clinical and research priorities, as well as gaps in standardization of measurement domains, that can be used to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Merlin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M Hamm
- Qualitative, Evaluation, and Stakeholder Engagement Research Services, Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - F de Abril Cameron
- Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Qualitative, Evaluation, and Stakeholder Engagement Research Services, Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V Baker
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D A Brown
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK
- Therapies Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C L Cherry
- Alfred Health, Monash University and Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - E J Edelman
- Yale Schools of Medicine and Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Evangeli
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - R Harding
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Josh
- British HIV Association (BHIVA), London, UK
| | - H I Kemp
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Lichius
- Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - V J Madden
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Nkhoma
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, Cicely Saunders Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K K O'Brien
- Department of Physical Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Institute (RSI), Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Parker
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Rice
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - C A Sabin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Slawek
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - W Scott
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J I Tsui
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L A Uebelacker
- Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A L Wadley
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - B R Goodin
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Wilson JM, Madden VJ, Pester BD, Yoon J, Papianou LN, Meints SM, Campbell CM, Smith MT, Haythornthwaite JA, Edwards RR, Schreiber KL. Change in Pain During Physical Activity Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Associations With Improved Physical Function and Decreased Situational Pain Catastrophizing. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad045. [PMID: 38094929 PMCID: PMC10714905 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Knee osteoarthritis is one of the primary causes of chronic pain among older adults and because of the aging population, the number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) performed is exponentially increasing. While pain reduction is a goal of TKA, movement-evoked pain is rarely assessed pre- and post-TKA. We characterized the distributions of change in pain, function, and situational catastrophizing in patients from presurgery to 3 months postsurgery and explored associations among these pre-post changes. Research Design and Methods This prospective study longitudinally assessed movement-evoked pain, function, and situational catastrophizing in patients with knee osteoarthritis (N = 92) using in-person performance-based tests (6-min walk test [6MWT], stair-climb test [SCT]) prior to and 3 months after TKA. Patients also completed the Western Ontario McMaster Universities Scales (WOMAC) pain and function subscales, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale, presurgery and 3- and 6-months postsurgery. Results Movement-evoked pain and function on performance tests significantly improved from pre- to post-TKA. Improved SCT function was associated with reduced SCT pain and catastrophizing. Similarly, reduced pain during the SCT was associated with reduced catastrophizing during the SCT. However, 6MWT function was not associated with 6MWT pain or catastrophizing; yet reduced pain during the 6MWT was associated with reduced catastrophizing during the 6MWT. Reduced movement-evoked pain during both performance tests was consistently associated with improved WOMAC function and pain, whereas improved function on performance tests was inconsistently associated with WOMAC function and pain. Notably, greater movement-evoked pain on both performance tests at 3-month post-TKA was associated with worse WOMAC function and pain at 6 months, whereas better function on performance tests at 3 months was associated with better WOMAC function, but not related to WOMAC pain at 6 months. Discussion and Implications Findings highlight the importance of situation-specific and in vivo assessments of pain and catastrophizing during physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Wilson
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bethany D Pester
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - JiHee Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren N Papianou
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha M Meints
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claudia M Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael T Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer A Haythornthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristin L Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Moseley GL, Pearson N, Reezigt R, Madden VJ, Hutchinson MR, Dunbar M, Beetsma AJ, Leake HB, Moore P, Simons L, Heathcote L, Ryan C, Berryman C, Mardon AK, Wand BM. Considering Precision and Utility When we Talk About Pain. Comment on Cohen et al. J Pain 2023; 24:178-181. [PMID: 36549800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham L Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Neil Pearson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Roland Reezigt
- School for Physiotherapy, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institude, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Adelaide Australia
| | | | - Anneke J Beetsma
- Research group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hayley B Leake
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Laura Simons
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Lauren Heathcote
- Health Psychology Section, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cormac Ryan
- Centre for Rehabilitation, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Berryman
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amelia K Mardon
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Kaurna Country, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Benedict M Wand
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Midwifery and Health Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Kennedy A, Ren HY, Madden VJ, Cyr DM. Lysosome docking to WIPI1 rings and ER-connected phagophores occurs during DNAJB12- and GABARAP-dependent selective autophagy of misfolded P23H-rhodopsin. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar84. [PMID: 35704470 PMCID: PMC9582645 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on how the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated-autophagy pathway (ERAA) delivers P23H-rhodopsin (P23H-R) to the lysosome. P23H-R accumulates in an ERAD-resistant conformation that is stabilized in a detergent-soluble state by DNAJB12 and Hsp70. P23H-R, DNAJB12, and FIP200 colocalize in discrete foci that punctuate the rim of omegasome rings coated by WIPI1. Loss of DNAJB12 function prevents the association of P23H-R containing ER tubules with omegasomes. P23H-R tubules thread through the wall of WIPI1 rings into their central cavity. Transfer of P23H-R from ER-connected phagophores to lysosomes requires GABARAP and is associated with the transient docking of lysosomes to WIPI1 rings. After departure from WIPI1 rings, new patches of P23H-R are seen in the membranes of lysosomes. The absence of GABARAP prevents transfer of P23H-R from phagophores to lysosomes without interfering with docking. These data identify lysosome docking to omegasomes as an important step in the DNAJB12- and GABARAP-dependent autophagic disposal of dominantly toxic P23H-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kennedy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Hong Yu Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Victoria J. Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Douglas M. Cyr
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, and,*Address correspondence to: Douglas M. Cyr ()
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Bedwell GJ, Louw C, Parker R, van den Broeke E, Vlaeyen JW, Moseley GL, Madden VJ. The influence of a manipulation of threat on experimentally-induced secondary hyperalgesia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13512. [PMID: 35757170 PMCID: PMC9220919 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is thought to be influenced by the threat value of the particular context in which it occurs. However, the mechanisms by which a threat achieves this influence on pain are unclear. Here, we explore how threat influences experimentally-induced secondary hyperalgesia, which is thought to be a manifestation of central sensitization. We developed an experimental study to investigate the effect of a manipulation of threat on experimentally-induced secondary hyperalgesia in 26 healthy human adults (16 identifying as female; 10 as male). We induced secondary hyperalgesia at both forearms using high-frequency electrical stimulation. Prior to the induction, we used a previously successful method to manipulate threat of tissue damage at one forearm (threat site). The effect of the threat manipulation was determined by comparing participant-rated anxiety, perceived threat, and pain during the experimental induction of secondary hyperalgesia, between the threat and control sites. We hypothesized that the threat site would show greater secondary hyperalgesia (primary outcome) and greater surface area (secondary outcome) of induced secondary hyperalgesia than the control site. Despite a thorough piloting procedure to test the threat manipulation, our data showed no main effect of site on pain, anxiety, or threat ratings during high-frequency electrical stimulation. In the light of no difference in threat between sites, the primary and secondary hypotheses cannot be tested. We discuss reasons why we were unable to replicate the efficacy of this established threat manipulation in our sample, including: (1) competition between threats, (2) generalization of learned threat value, (3) safety cues, (4) trust, and requirements for participant safety, (5) sampling bias, (6) sample-specific habituation to threat, and (7) implausibility of (sham) skin examination and report. Better strategies to manipulate threat are required for further research on the mechanisms by which threat influences pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J. Bedwell
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Caron Louw
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Emanuel van den Broeke
- Institute of Neuroscience, Division Cognitive and Systems, UC Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan W. Vlaeyen
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Experimental Health Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Victoria J. Madden
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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9
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Madden VJ, Msolo N, Mqadi L, Lesosky M, Bedwell GJ, Hutchinson MR, Peter JG, Parker R, Schrepf A, Edwards RR, Joska JA. Study protocol: an observational study of distress, immune function and persistent pain in HIV. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059723. [PMID: 36691234 PMCID: PMC9171212 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many people with HIV report both distress and pain. The relationship between distress and pain is bidirectional, but the mechanisms by which distress exacerbates pain are unclear. The inflammatory response to challenge (inflammatory reactivity, IR) may be a partial mediator, given that neuroimmune interactions provide a substrate for IR to also influence neurological reactivity and, thus, pain-related neural signalling. This prospective, observational, case-control study will characterise the relationships between distress, IR, pain-related signalling as captured by induced secondary hyperalgesia (SH), and pain, in people with HIV who report persistent pain (PP) (cases) or no pain (controls). METHODS AND ANALYSIS One hundred people with suppressed HIV, reporting either PP or no pain, will be assessed two or four times over 6 months. The primary outcomes are distress (Hopkins 25-item symptom checklist), IR (multiplex assay after LPS challenge), and PP (Brief Pain Inventory), assessed at the baseline timepoint, although each will also be assessed at follow-up time points. Induced SH will be assessed in a subsample of 60 participants (baseline timepoint only). To test the hypothesis that IR partly mediates the relationship between distress and pain, mediation analysis will use the baseline data from the PP group to estimate direct and indirect contributions of distress and IR to pain. To test the hypothesis that IR is positively associated with SH, data from the subsample will be analysed with generalised mixed effects models to estimate the association between IR and group membership, with SH as the dependent variable. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Information obtained from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. The study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Cape Town (approval number: 764/2019) and the City of Cape Town (ref: 24699). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04757987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Madden
- Pain Research Team, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ncumisa Msolo
- Pain Research Team, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Luyanduthando Mqadi
- Pain Research Team, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maia Lesosky
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gillian J Bedwell
- Pain Research Team, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan Grant Peter
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Pain Research Team, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert R Edwards
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John A Joska
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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10
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Chaves TC, Stanton TR, Grant A, Pulling BW, Madden VJ, Newport R, Moseley GL. Imprecise Visual Feedback About Hand Location Increases a Classically Conditioned Pain Expectancy Effect. J Pain 2021; 22:748-761. [PMID: 33529708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that rendering sensory input about hand location imprecise increases a classically conditioned pain expectancy effect, increases generalization of the effect to novel locations and reduces extinction of the effect. Forty healthy volunteers performed movements with their right hand along predefined paths. Each path passed through 2 locations that were defined as either i) the conditioned stimulus (CS+; paired with a painful unconditioned stimulus), or ii) unpaired (CS-). During acquisition phase, participants watched their hand as they moved it. Participants were randomly allocated to an Imprecise group, for whom visual feedback of the hand was offset 30 to 50 mm from its true location, or a Precise group, for whom vision was not disrupted. In the test phase, participants moved their hands to 5 locations-the CS+, CS-, and 3 locations that lay between the 2 ("generalization stimuli"). Our primary hypothesis was supported-pain expectancy was greater at the CS+ location in the Imprecise group than in the Precise group (6.9 [SD = 1.9] vs 5.4 [SD = 2.5], P= .02). Pain expectancies generalized to novel locations similarly in both groups and there was no difference in extinction between groups. Our primary hypothesis was supported but our subsequent hypotheses were not. PERSPECTIVE: We conditioned pain expectancy at a certain location of one hand, even though most participants were unaware of the contingency. Conditioned pain expectancy was greater when sensory information about location was less precise. This adds support to the possibility that associative learning may play a role in the progression of an acute pain episode to a more generalized pain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cristina Chaves
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Tasha R Stanton
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ashley Grant
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brian W Pulling
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Victoria J Madden
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Roger Newport
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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11
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Wahl A, Gralinski LE, Johnson CE, Yao W, Kovarova M, Dinnon KH, Liu H, Madden VJ, Krzystek HM, De C, White KK, Gully K, Schäfer A, Zaman T, Leist SR, Grant PO, Bluemling GR, Kolykhalov AA, Natchus MG, Askin FB, Painter G, Browne EP, Jones CD, Pickles RJ, Baric RS, Garcia JV. SARS-CoV-2 infection is effectively treated and prevented by EIDD-2801. Nature 2021; 591:451-457. [PMID: 33561864 PMCID: PMC7979515 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
All known recently emerged human coronaviruses likely originated in bats1. Here, we used a single experimental platform based on human lung-only mice (LoM) to demonstrate efficient in vivo replication of all recently emerged human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2) and two highly relevant endogenous pre-pandemic SARS-like bat coronaviruses. Virus replication in this model occurs in bona fide human lung tissue and does not require any type of adaptation of the virus or the host. Our results indicate that bats harbor endogenous coronaviruses capable of direct transmission into humans. Further detailed analysis of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in vivo infection of LoM human lung tissue showed predominant infection of human lung epithelial cells, including type II pneumocytes present in alveoli and ciliated airway cells. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection was highly cytopathic and induced a robust and sustained Type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response. Finally, we evaluated a therapeutic and pre-exposure prophylaxis strategy for coronavirus infection. Our results show that therapeutic and prophylactic administration of EIDD-2801, an oral broad spectrum antiviral currently in phase II-III clinical trials, dramatically inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo and thus has significant potential for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wahl
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claire E Johnson
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wenbo Yao
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martina Kovarova
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Halina M Krzystek
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chandrav De
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen K White
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kendra Gully
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tanzila Zaman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul O Grant
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gregory R Bluemling
- Emory Institute of Drug Development (EIDD), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander A Kolykhalov
- Emory Institute of Drug Development (EIDD), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Frederic B Askin
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - George Painter
- Emory Institute of Drug Development (EIDD), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE), Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward P Browne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raymond J Pickles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Victor Garcia
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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12
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Limakatso K, Bedwell GJ, Madden VJ, Parker R. The prevalence and risk factors for phantom limb pain in people with amputations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240431. [PMID: 33052924 PMCID: PMC7556495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phantom limb pain (PLP)—pain felt in the amputated limb–is often accompanied by significant suffering. Estimates of the burden of PLP have provided conflicting data. To obtain a robust estimate of the burden of PLP, we gathered and critically appraised the literature on the prevalence and risk factors associated with PLP in people with limb amputations. Methods Articles published between 1980 and July 2019 were identified through a systematic search of the following electronic databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Africa-Wide Information, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Academic Search Premier. Grey literature was searched on databases for preprints. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening of articles, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. The meta-analyses were conducted using the random effects model. A statistically significant level for the analyses was set at p<0.05. Results The pooling of all studies demonstrated a prevalence estimate of 64% [95% CI: 60.01–68.05] with high heterogeneity [I2 = 95.95% (95% CI: 95.10–96.60)]. The prevalence of PLP was significantly lower in developing countries compared to developed countries [53.98% vs 66.55%; p = 0.03]. Persistent pre-operative pain, proximal site of amputation, stump pain, lower limb amputation and phantom sensations were identified as risk factors for PLP. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates that six of every 10 people with an amputation report PLP–a high and important prevalence of PLP. Healthcare professionals ought to be aware of the high rates of PLP and implement strategies to reduce PLP by addressing known risk factors, specifically those identified by the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleho Limakatso
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Pain Management Unit, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gillian J. Bedwell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Pain Management Unit, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Victoria J. Madden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Pain Management Unit, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Pain Management Unit, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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13
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Rangarajan N, Kapoor I, Li S, Drossopoulos P, White KK, Madden VJ, Dohlman HG. Potassium starvation induces autophagy in yeast. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:14189-14202. [PMID: 32788210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process that recycles cellular contents to promote survival. Although nitrogen limitation is the canonical inducer of autophagy, recent studies have revealed several other nutrients important to this process. In this study, we used a quantitative, high-throughput assay to identify potassium starvation as a new and potent inducer of autophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae We found that potassium-dependent autophagy requires the core pathway kinases Atg1, Atg5, and Vps34, and other components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex. Transmission EM revealed abundant autophagosome formation in response to both stimuli. RNA-Seq indicated distinct transcriptional responses: nitrogen affects transport of ions such as copper, whereas potassium targets the organization of other cellular components. Thus, nitrogen and potassium share the ability to influence molecular supply and demand but do so in different ways. Both inputs promote catabolism through bulk autophagy, but result in distinct mechanisms of cellular remodeling and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nambirajan Rangarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ishani Kapoor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Drossopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen K White
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henrik G Dohlman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Madden VJ, Parker R, Goodin BR. Chronic pain in people with HIV: a common comorbidity and threat to quality of life. Pain Manag 2020; 10:253-260. [PMID: 32484065 PMCID: PMC7421257 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that over half of all people with HIV (PWH) will experience nonmalignant chronic pain throughout their lifetimes, with increasing prevalence as they age. Peripheral neuropathy resulting from the neurotoxic effects of HIV itself and the medications used to treat HIV were widely considered the primary cause of acute and chronic pain early on in the antiretroviral treatment era. However, recent studies suggest a predominance of non-neuropathic (e.g., musculoskeletal) pain in PWH with uncertain etiology. Chronic pain is often widespread in PWH, affecting multiple body locations. Additional research is needed to better understand contributors to chronic pain in PWH, which is likely to include biological (e.g., immune dysregulation), psychological (e.g., substance abuse) and social (e.g., stigma) factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Madden
- Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Department of Anaesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Burel R Goodin
- Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 205 934 6536; Fax: +1 205 975 6110;
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15
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Abstract
Background Pain is the most common reason for patients to seek help from a health care professional. In the past few decades, research has yielded gains in the Pain Sciences - multiple fields of scientific research that, when integrated, help to clarify what causes and influences human pain. Objectives In this article, we discuss the key areas in which the Pain Sciences have shifted the physiotherapy profession. Method A narrative review of the Pain Sciences literature was conducted. The review analyses how the Pain Sciences have influenced physiotherapy in several categories: assessment; clinical reasoning; treatment; research rigor and building the profile of the profession. Results Scientific research on pain has largely converged in support of three ‘game-changing’ concepts that have shifted the physiotherapy profession’s understanding and treatment of pain: (1) pain is not a signal originating from bodily tissues, (2) pain is not an accurate measure of tissue damage and (3) the plasticity of the nervous system means the nervous system itself is a viable target of treatment. These three concepts have influenced physiotherapy assessment and treatment approaches, and research design to consider pain mechanisms using patient-centred models. Conclusion The Pain Sciences have shifted physiotherapists’ assessment and treatment approaches and shifted the status of the physiotherapy profession. Ultimately the Pain Sciences have embedded interdisciplinary teams and expanded physiotherapy practice. Clinical implications We believe that the pain sciences should be embedded in undergraduate and postgraduate education and training of physiotherapists (including the three key concepts regarding pain) to benefit physiotherapists and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Parker
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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16
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Limakatso K, Madden VJ, Manie S, Parker R. The effectiveness of graded motor imagery for reducing phantom limb pain in amputees: a randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2020; 109:65-74. [PMID: 31992445 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether graded motor imagery (GMI) is effective for reducing phantom limb pain (PLP) in people who have undergone limb amputations. DESIGN A single-blinded randomised, controlled trial. SETTING Physiotherapy out-patient departments in three secondary level hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one adults (≥18 years) who had undergone unilateral upper or lower limb amputations and had self-reported PLP persisting beyond three months. INTERVENTIONS A 6-week GMI programme was compared to routine physiotherapy. The study outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. OUTCOME MEASURES The pain severity scale of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was used to assess the primary outcome - PLP. The pain interference scale of the BPI and the EuroQol EQ-5D-5L were used to assess the secondary outcomes - pain interference with function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) respectively. RESULTS The participants in the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in pain than the control group at 6 weeks and 6 months. Further, the participants in the experimental group had significantly greater improvements than the control group in pain interference at all follow-up points. There was no between-group difference in HRQoL. CONCLUSION The results of the current study suggest that GMI is better than routine physiotherapy for reducing PLP. Based on the significant reduction in PLP and pain interference within the participants who received GMI, and the ease of application, GMI may be a viable treatment for treating PLP in people who have undergone limb amputations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER (PACTR201701001979279).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleho Limakatso
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shamila Manie
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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17
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Madden VJ, Bedwell GJ, Chikezie PC, Rice ASC, Kamerman PR. A systematic review of experimental methods to manipulate secondary hyperalgesia in humans: protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:208. [PMID: 31426841 PMCID: PMC6700765 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain affects 7-10% of people, but responds poorly to pharmacotherapy, indicating a need for better treatments. Mechanistic research on neuropathic pain frequently uses human surrogate models of the secondary hyperalgesia that is a common feature of neuropathic pain. Experimentally induced secondary hyperalgesia has been manipulated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to clarify the relative contributions of different mechanisms to secondary hyperalgesia. However, this literature has not been systematically synthesised. The aim of this systematic review is to identify, describe, and compare methods that have been used to manipulate experimentally induced secondary hyperalgesia in healthy humans. METHODS A systematic search strategy will be supplemented by reference list checks and direct contact with identified laboratories to maximise the identification of data reporting the experimental manipulation of experimentally induced secondary hyperalgesia in healthy humans. Duplicated screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction procedures will be used. Authors will be asked to provide data as necessary. Data will be pooled and meta-analyses conducted where possible, with subgrouping according to manipulation method. Manipulation methods will be ranked for potency and risk. DISCUSSION The results of this review will provide a useful reference for researchers interested in using experimental methods to manipulate secondary hyperalgesia in humans and will help to clarify the relative contributions of different mechanisms to secondary hyperalgesia. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This protocol will be registered on PROSPERO before the review begins. Review records will be updated on PROSPERO once the review is complete. This review is intended for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Analyses and scripts will be made publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J. Madden
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, D23.30 Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gillian J. Bedwell
- Pain Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, D23.30 Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Prince C. Chikezie
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew S. C. Rice
- Pain Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter R. Kamerman
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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18
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Talbot K, Madden VJ, Jones SL, Moseley GL. The sensory and affective components of pain: are they differentially modifiable dimensions or inseparable aspects of a unitary experience? A systematic review. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:e263-e272. [PMID: 31053232 PMCID: PMC6676053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is recognised to have both a sensory dimension (intensity) and an affective dimension (unpleasantness). Pain feels like a single unpleasant bodily experience, but investigations of human pain have long considered these two dimensions of pain to be separable and differentially modifiable. The evidence underpinning this separability and differential modifiability is seldom presented. We aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the current evidence base for whether or not the sensory and affective dimensions of pain can be selectively modulated using cognitive manipulations. METHODS A rigorous systematic search, based on a priori search terms and consultation with field experts, yielded 4270 articles. A detailed screening process was based on the following recommendations: (i) evaluation of effectiveness; (ii) examination of methodological rigour, including each study having an a priori intention to cognitively modulate one of the two dimensions of pain; and (iii) sound theoretical reasoning. These were used to ensure that included studies definitively answered the research question. RESULTS After in-depth critique of all 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria, we found that there is no compelling evidence that the sensory and affective dimensions of pain can be selectively and intentionally modulated using cognitive manipulations in humans. CONCLUSIONS We offer potential explanations for this discrepancy between assumptions and evidence and contend that this finding highlights several important questions for the field, from both the research and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Talbot
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia
| | - V J Madden
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S L Jones
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G L Moseley
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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Alaiti RK, Harvie DS, Gasparin JT, de Sousa MF, Pompeu JE, Madden VJ, Leite Hunziker MH, da Costa MF. Distorted distance perception to reachable points in people with chronic shoulder pain. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2019; 42:120-124. [PMID: 31112924 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Perception is not simply a carbon copy of the real world, but is subject to distortions that may reflect protective drive. This study aimed to investigate whether people with chronic shoulder pain show perceptual distortions of space and body that may promote protective behavior. Eighty-four people with shoulder pain and 51 healthy controls participated. Participants estimated (1) distances to points on a cork-board within and outside reaching distance, and (2) the perceived length of their own arms. A novel measure of movement-related pain was also used to determine whether movement-related pain relates to perceptual distortion. Overall, distance and arm length estimates did not differ between groups, nor did participants perceive their arms to be of different length. However, a moderate correlation between movement-related pain and the index of distance perception was found within the pain group, specifically for distance estimates to points within reach. Our results suggest that distorted perception is not a typical consequence of chronic shoulder pain; however, that it may occur in cases where pain is strongly linked to movement. Our findings have implications for understanding avoidance of movement in people with persistent pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael K Alaiti
- Nucleus of Neuroscience and Behavior and Nucleus of Applied Neuroscience, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Daniel S Harvie
- The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia; School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffin University, Australia
| | - Juliana T Gasparin
- Nucleus of Neuroscience and Behavior and Nucleus of Applied Neuroscience, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcello F de Sousa
- Nucleus of Neuroscience and Behavior and Nucleus of Applied Neuroscience, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E Pompeu
- Nucleus of Neuroscience and Behavior and Nucleus of Applied Neuroscience, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Marcelo F da Costa
- Nucleus of Neuroscience and Behavior and Nucleus of Applied Neuroscience, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Experimental Psychology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Chalmers KJ, Madden VJ. Shifting beliefs across society would lay the foundation for truly biopsychosocial care. J Physiother 2019; 65:121-122. [PMID: 31204295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Jane Chalmers
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Abstract
Background Classical conditioning has frequently been shown to be capable of evoking fear of pain and avoidance behavior in the context of chronic pain. However, whether pain itself can be conditioned has rarely been investigated and remains a matter of debate. Therefore, the present study investigated whether pain threshold ratings can be modified by the presence of conditioned non-nociceptive sensory stimuli in healthy participant. Methods In 51 healthy volunteers, pain threshold to electrocutaneous stimuli was determined prior to participation in a simultaneous conditioning paradigm. Participants underwent an acquisition phase in which one non-painful vibrotactile stimulus (CS+) was repeatedly paired with a painful electrocutaneous stimulus, whereas a second vibrotactile stimulus of the same quality and intensity (CS−) was paired with a non-painful electrocutaneous stimulus. Stimulation was provided on the lower back with close proximity between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. In the test phase, electrocutaneous stimuli at the individually-set threshold intensity were simultaneously delivered together with either a CS+ or CS−. Pain intensity ratings were obtained after each trial; expectancy ratings were obtained after each block. The primary outcome was the percentage of test stimuli that were rated as painful. Results Test stimuli were more likely to be rated as painful when they were paired with the CS+ than when they were paired with the CS−. This effect was not influenced by contingency awareness, nor by expectancies or mood states. Discussion The findings support the notion that the judgement of an event being painful or non-painful can be influenced by classical conditioning and corroborate the possible role of associative learning in the development and maintenance of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Traxler
- Research Centre for Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Experimental Health Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Research Centre for Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- Body in Mind Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Johan W S Vlaeyen
- Research Centre for Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Experimental Health Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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22
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Limakatso K, Bedwell GJ, Madden VJ, Parker R. The prevalence of phantom limb pain and associated risk factors in people with amputations: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:17. [PMID: 30630523 PMCID: PMC6329075 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of phantom limb pain (PLP) in people with amputations is unclear because of the conflicting reports across the literature. It is proposed that the conflicting reports on the prevalence of PLP are a consequence of variations in the time period during which the studies were undertaken, countries in which the studies were conducted and recruitment processes implemented during collection of epidemiological data. In consideration of these factors, we aim to gather and critically appraise relevant literature to determine the prevalence estimate of and risk factors for PLP in people with amputations. METHODS We will use a customised search strategy containing relevant words and terms to search the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed (via EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (via EBSCOhost), PsycArticles, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (via EBSCOhost), Africa-Wide Information (via EBSCOhost), Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition (via EBSCOhost) SCOPUS, Web of Science and Academic Search Premier (via EBSCOhost). The risk of bias assessment will be conducted using a risk of bias assessment tool for prevalence studies, and data will be extracted using a piloted customised data extraction sheet. Data extracted from individual studies will be entered into Review Manager 5 and assessed for clinical and statistical heterogeneity. Studies will be pooled for meta-analysis using the random-effects model to determine a summary estimate of the prevalence of PLP across included studies. A statistically significant level will be set at p < 0.05. DISCUSSION As far as we know, a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of, and risk factors for PLP in people with amputations has not been conducted. Given the varying reports in the literature, it is necessary to determine an estimate of the prevalence of PLP to generate an informed conclusion on this subject. The results of this review will be published in an internationally accredited journal and used to inform researchers, clinicians, policy-makers and the public about the burden of, and risk factors for PLP. This will be done with a further aim to improve the quality of pain management in society. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018094821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleho Limakatso
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gillian J. Bedwell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Victoria J. Madden
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Heath, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Romy Parker
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Battaglia RA, Beltran AS, Delic S, Dumitru R, Robinson JA, Kabiraj P, Herring LE, Madden VJ, Ravinder N, Willems E, Newman RA, Quinlan RA, Goldman JE, Perng MD, Inagaki M, Snider NT. Site-specific phosphorylation and caspase cleavage of GFAP are new markers of Alexander disease severity. eLife 2019; 8:47789. [PMID: 31682229 PMCID: PMC6927689 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which supports the structural integrity of astrocytes. Over 70 GFAP missense mutations cause AxD, but the mechanism linking different mutations to disease-relevant phenotypes remains unknown. We used AxD patient brain tissue and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes to investigate the hypothesis that AxD-causing mutations perturb key post-translational modifications (PTMs) on GFAP. Our findings reveal selective phosphorylation of GFAP-Ser13 in patients who died young, independently of the mutation they carried. AxD iPSC-astrocytes accumulated pSer13-GFAP in cytoplasmic aggregates within deep nuclear invaginations, resembling the hallmark Rosenthal fibers observed in vivo. Ser13 phosphorylation facilitated GFAP aggregation and was associated with increased GFAP proteolysis by caspase-6. Furthermore, caspase-6 was selectively expressed in young AxD patients, and correlated with the presence of cleaved GFAP. We reveal a novel PTM signature linking different GFAP mutations in infantile AxD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Adriana S Beltran
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States,Human Pluripotent Stem Cell CoreUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Samed Delic
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States,Department of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | - Raluca Dumitru
- Human Pluripotent Stem Cell CoreUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jasmine A Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Laura E Herring
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of PathologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUnited Kingdom
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of PathologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ming-Der Perng
- Institute of Molecular MedicineNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan, Republic of China
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineMieJapan
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
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24
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Trogden KP, Battaglia RA, Kabiraj P, Madden VJ, Herrmann H, Snider NT. An image-based small-molecule screen identifies vimentin as a pharmacologically relevant target of simvastatin in cancer cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:2841-2854. [PMID: 29401610 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700663r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vimentin is a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein that is expressed in mesenchymal cells and cancer cells during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The goal of this study was to identify vimentin-targeting small molecules by using the Tocriscreen library of 1120 biochemically active compounds. We monitored vimentin filament reorganization and bundling in adrenal carcinoma SW13 vimentin-positive (SW13-vim+) cells via indirect immunofluorescence. The screen identified 18 pharmacologically diverse hits that included 2 statins-simvastatin and mevastatin. Simvastatin induced vimentin reorganization within 15-30 min and significant perinuclear bundling within 60 min (IC50 = 6.7 nM). Early filament reorganization coincided with increased vimentin solubility. Mevastatin produced similar effects at >1 µM, whereas the structurally related pravastatin and lovastatin did not affect vimentin. In vitro vimentin filament assembly assays revealed a direct targeting mechanism, as determined biochemically and by electron microscopy. In SW13-vim+ cells, simvastatin, but not pravastatin, reduced total cell numbers (IC50 = 48.1 nM) and promoted apoptosis after 24 h. In contrast, SW13-vim- cell viability was unaffected by simvastatin, unless vimentin was ectopically expressed. Simvastatin similarly targeted vimentin filaments and induced cell death in MDA-MB-231 (vim+), but lacked effect in MCF7 (vim-) breast cancer cells. In conclusion, this study identified vimentin as a direct molecular target that mediates simvastatin-induced cell death in 2 different cancer cell lines.-Trogden, K. P., Battaglia, R. A., Kabiraj, P., Madden, V. J., Herrmann, H., Snider, N. T. An image-based small-molecule screen identifies vimentin as a pharmacologically relevant target of simvastatin in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Trogden
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Parijat Kabiraj
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natasha T Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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25
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Zaman J, Madden VJ, Iven J, Wiech K, Weltens N, Ly HG, Vlaeyen JW, Van Oudenhove L, Van Diest I. Biased Intensity Judgements of Visceral Sensations After Learning to Fear Visceral Stimuli: A Drift Diffusion Approach. The Journal of Pain 2017; 18:1197-1208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Madden VJ, Bellan V, Russek LN, Camfferman D, Vlaeyen JW, Moseley GL. Pain by Association? Experimental Modulation of Human Pain Thresholds Using Classical Conditioning. The Journal of Pain 2016; 17:1105-1115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Madden VJ, Russek LN, Harvie DS, Vlaeyen JW, Moseley GL. Classical Conditioning Fails to Elicit Allodynia in an Experimental Study with Healthy Humans. Pain Med 2016; 18:1314-1325. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Madden VJ, Catley MJ, Grabherr L, Mazzola F, Shohag M, Moseley GL. The effect of repeated laser stimuli to ink-marked skin on skin temperature-recommendations for a safe experimental protocol in humans. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1577. [PMID: 26793428 PMCID: PMC4715456 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Nd:YAP laser is widely used to investigate the nociceptive and pain systems, generating perpetual and laser-evoked neurophysiological responses. A major procedural concern for the use of Nd:YAP laser stimuli in experimental research is the risk of skin damage. The absorption of Nd:YAP laser stimuli is greater in darker skin, or in pale skin that has been darkened with ink, prompting some ethics boards to refuse approval to experimenters wishing to track stimulus location by marking the skin with ink. Some research questions, however, require laser stimuli to be delivered at particular locations or within particular zones, a requirement that is very difficult to achieve if marking the skin is not possible. We thoroughly searched the literature for experimental evidence and protocol recommendations for safe delivery of Nd:YAP laser stimuli over marked skin, but found nothing. Methods. We designed an experimental protocol to define safe parameters for the use of Nd:YAP laser stimuli over skin that has been marked with black dots, and used thermal imaging to assess the safety of the procedure at the forearm and the back. Results. Using thermal imaging and repeated laser stimulation to ink-marked skin, we demonstrated that skin temperature did not increase progressively across the course of the experiment, and that the small change in temperature seen at the forearm was reversed during the rest periods between blocks. Furthermore, no participant experienced skin damage due to the procedure. Conclusion. This protocol offers parameters for safe, confident and effective experimentation using repeated Nd:YAP laser on skin marked with ink, thus paving the way for investigations that depend on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Madden
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Mark J Catley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Luzia Grabherr
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Francesca Mazzola
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Mohammad Shohag
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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29
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Madden VJ, Harvie DS, Parker R, Jensen KB, Vlaeyen JWS, Moseley GL, Stanton TR. Can Pain or Hyperalgesia Be a Classically Conditioned Response in Humans? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Med 2015; 17:1094-111. [PMID: 26814278 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical scenarios of repeated pain usually involve both nociceptive and non-nociceptive input. It is likely that associations between these stimuli are learned over time. Such learning may underlie subsequent amplification of pain, or evocation of pain in the absence of nociception. METHODS We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the evidence that allodynia or hyperalgesia can be a classically conditioned response. A sensitive search of the literature covered Medline, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, PubMed, Scopus, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Additional studies were identified by contacting experts and searching published reviews. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, evaluated risk of bias, and extracted data. Studies were included if they aimed to elicit or amplify pain using a classical conditioning procedure in healthy, adult humans. Studies were excluded if they did not distinguish between classical conditioning and explicit verbal suggestion as learning sources, or did not use experiential learning. RESULTS Thirteen studies, with varying risk of bias, were included. Ten studies evaluated classically conditioned hyperalgesia: nine found hyperalgesia; one did not. Pooled effects (n = 8 with full data) showed a significant pain increase after conditioning (mean difference of 7.40 [95%CI: 4.00-10.80] on a 0-100 pain scale). Three studies evaluated conditioned allodynia and found conflicting results. CONCLUSION The existing literature suggests that classical conditioning can amplify pain. No conclusions can be drawn about whether or not classical conditioning can elicit pain. Rigorous experimental conditioning studies with nociceptive unconditioned stimuli are needed to fill this gap in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Madden
- *Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Daniel S Harvie
- *Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; CONROD, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Romy Parker
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karin B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan W S Vlaeyen
- Research Group Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- *Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tasha R Stanton
- *Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Harvie DS, Broecker M, Smith RT, Meulders A, Madden VJ, Moseley GL. Bogus visual feedback alters onset of movement-evoked pain in people with neck pain. Psychol Sci 2015; 26:385-92. [PMID: 25691362 DOI: 10.1177/0956797614563339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a protective perceptual response shaped by contextual, psychological, and sensory inputs that suggest danger to the body. Sensory cues suggesting that a body part is moving toward a painful position may credibly signal the threat and thereby modulate pain. In this experiment, we used virtual reality to investigate whether manipulating visual proprioceptive cues could alter movement-evoked pain in 24 people with neck pain. We hypothesized that pain would occur at a lesser degree of head rotation when visual feedback overstated true rotation and at a greater degree of rotation when visual feedback understated true rotation. Our hypothesis was clearly supported: When vision overstated the amount of rotation, pain occurred at 7% less rotation than under conditions of accurate visual feedback, and when vision understated rotation, pain occurred at 6% greater rotation than under conditions of accurate visual feedback. We concluded that visual-proprioceptive information modulated the threshold for movement-evoked pain, which suggests that stimuli that become associated with pain can themselves trigger pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Harvie
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia
| | - Markus Broecker
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Science, University of South Australia
| | - Ross T Smith
- School of Information Technology and Mathematical Science, University of South Australia
| | - Ann Meulders
- Research Group on Health Psychology, University of Leuven
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31
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Yamane D, McGivern DR, Wauthier E, Yi M, Madden VJ, Welsch C, Antes I, Wen Y, Chugh PE, McGee CE, Widman DG, Misumi I, Bandyopadhyay S, Kim S, Shimakami T, Oikawa T, Whitmire JK, Heise MT, Dittmer DP, Kao CC, Pitson SM, Merrill AH, Reid LM, Lemon SM. Regulation of the hepatitis C virus RNA replicase by endogenous lipid peroxidation. Nat Med 2014; 20:927-35. [PMID: 25064127 PMCID: PMC4126843 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although oxidative tissue injury often accompanies viral infection, there is little understanding of how it influences virus replication. We show that multiple hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes are exquisitely sensitive to oxidative membrane damage, a property distinguishing them from other pathogenic RNA viruses. Lipid peroxidation, regulated in part through sphingosine kinase 2, severely restricts HCV replication in Huh-7 cells and primary human hepatoblasts. Endogenous oxidative membrane damage lowers the 50% effective concentration of direct-acting antivirals, suggesting critical regulation of the conformation of the NS3/4A protease and NS5B polymerase, membrane-bound HCV replicase components. Resistance to lipid peroxidation maps genetically to trans-membrane and membrane-proximal residues within these proteins, and is essential for robust replication in cell culture, as exemplified by the atypical JFH1 strain. Thus, the typical, wild-type HCV replicase is uniquely regulated by lipid peroxidation, providing a novel mechanism for attenuating replication in stressed tissue and possibly facilitating long-term viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamane
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David R McGivern
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eliane Wauthier
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - MinKyung Yi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of Pathology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, J.W. Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Department of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yahong Wen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Pauline E Chugh
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles E McGee
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Douglas G Widman
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ichiro Misumi
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sibali Bandyopadhyay
- 1] School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [3] Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tetsuro Shimakami
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tsunekazu Oikawa
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason K Whitmire
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [3] Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C Cheng Kao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alfred H Merrill
- 1] School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2] Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lola M Reid
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- 1] Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. [3] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Houck SA, Ren HY, Madden VJ, Bonner JN, Conlin MP, Janovick JA, Conn PM, Cyr DM. Quality control autophagy degrades soluble ERAD-resistant conformers of the misfolded membrane protein GnRHR. Mol Cell 2014; 54:166-179. [PMID: 24685158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones triage misfolded proteins via action as substrate selectors for quality control (QC) machines that fold or degrade clients. Herein, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated Hsp40 JB12 is reported to participate in partitioning mutant conformers of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), a G protein-coupled receptor, between ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and an ERQC autophagy pathway. ERQC autophagy degrades E90K-GnRHR because pools of its partially folded and detergent-soluble degradation intermediates are resistant to ERAD. S168R-GnRHR is globally misfolded and disposed of via ERAD, but inhibition of p97, the protein retrotranslocation motor, shunts S168R-GnRHR from ERAD to ERQC autophagy. Partially folded and grossly misfolded forms of GnRHR associate with JB12 and Hsp70. Elevation of JB12 promotes ERAD of S168R-GnRHR, with E90K-GnRHR being resistant. E90K-GnRHR elicits association of the Vps34 autophagy initiation complex with JB12. Interaction between ER-associated Hsp40s and the Vps34 complex permits the selective degradation of ERAD-resistant membrane proteins via ERQC autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Houck
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hong Yu Ren
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Victoria J Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jacob N Bonner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael P Conlin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jo Ann Janovick
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6252, USA
| | - P Michael Conn
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6252, USA
| | - Douglas M Cyr
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Willis MS, Homeister JW, Rosson GB, Annayev Y, Holley D, Holly SP, Madden VJ, Godfrey V, Parise LV, Bultman SJ. Functional redundancy of SWI/SNF catalytic subunits in maintaining vascular endothelial cells in the adult heart. Circ Res 2012; 111:e111-22. [PMID: 22740088 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.265587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mating type switching/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complexes utilize either BRG1 or BRM as a catalytic subunit to alter nucleosome position and regulate gene expression. BRG1 is required for vascular endothelial cell (VEC) development and embryonic survival, whereas BRM is dispensable. OBJECTIVE To circumvent embryonic lethality and study Brg1 function in adult tissues, we used conditional gene targeting. To evaluate possible Brg1-Brm redundancy, we analyzed Brg1 mutant mice on wild-type and Brm-deficient backgrounds. METHODS AND RESULTS The inducible Mx1-Cre driver was used to mutate Brg1 in adult mice. These conditional-null mutants exhibited a tissue-specific phenotype and unanticipated functional compensation between Brg1 and Brm. Brg1 single mutants were healthy and had a normal lifespan, whereas Brg1/Brm double mutants exhibited cardiovascular defects and died within 1 month. BRG1 and BRM were required for the viability of VECs but not other cell types where both genes were also knocked out. The VEC phenotype was most evident in the heart, particularly in the microvasculature of the outer myocardium, and was recapitulated in primary cells ex vivo. VEC death resulted in vascular leakage, cardiac hemorrhage, secondary death of cardiomyocytes due to ischemia, and ventricular dissections. CONCLUSIONS BRG1-catalyzed SWI/SNF complexes are particularly important in cardiovascular tissues. However, in contrast to embryonic development, in which Brm does not compensate, Brg1 is required in adult VECs only when Brm is also mutated. These results demonstrate for the first time that Brm functionally compensates for Brg1 in vivo and that there are significant changes in the relative importance of BRG1- and BRM-catalyzed SWI/SNF complexes during the development of an essential cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monte S Willis
- 120 Mason Farm Rd, Genetic Medicine Bldg, Room 5060, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-7264, USA
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Gratton SEA, Ropp PA, Pohlhaus PD, Luft JC, Madden VJ, Napier ME, DeSimone JM. The effect of particle design on cellular internalization pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:11613-8. [PMID: 18697944 PMCID: PMC2575324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0801763105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2019] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of particles with cells is known to be strongly influenced by particle size, but little is known about the interdependent role that size, shape, and surface chemistry have on cellular internalization and intracellular trafficking. We report on the internalization of specially designed, monodisperse hydrogel particles into HeLa cells as a function of size, shape, and surface charge. We employ a top-down particle fabrication technique called PRINT that is able to generate uniform populations of organic micro- and nanoparticles with complete control of size, shape, and surface chemistry. Evidence of particle internalization was obtained by using conventional biological techniques and transmission electron microscopy. These findings suggest that HeLa cells readily internalize nonspherical particles with dimensions as large as 3 mum by using several different mechanisms of endocytosis. Moreover, it was found that rod-like particles enjoy an appreciable advantage when it comes to internalization rates, reminiscent of the advantage that many rod-like bacteria have for internalization in nonphagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A. Ropp
- Departments of *Chemistry and Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence
| | - Patrick D. Pohlhaus
- Departments of *Chemistry and Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence
| | - J. Christopher Luft
- Departments of *Chemistry and Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence
| | | | - Mary E. Napier
- Departments of *Chemistry and Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Pathology, and
- Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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35
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Hu P, Berkowitz P, Madden VJ, Rubenstein DS. Stabilization of plakoglobin and enhanced keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion by intracellular O-glycosylation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:12786-91. [PMID: 16510446 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m511702200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
O-Glycosylation modifies and regulates a variety of intracellular proteins. Plakoglobin, which functions in both cell-cell adhesion and signal transduction, is modified by O-glycosylation; however, the significance is unknown. To investigate the functional consequence of plakoglobin O-glycosylation, we cloned and overexpressed in keratinocytes murine O-GlcNAc transferase (mOGT). Over expression of mOGT in murine keratinocytes resulted in (i) glycosylation of plakoglobin and (ii) increased levels of plakoglobin due to post-translational stabilization of plakoglobin. Additionally, overexpression of mOGT in keratinocytes correlated with increased staining for cell-cell adhesion proteins and greater cell-cell adhesion. These observations suggest that O-glycosylation functions to regulate the post-translational stability of plakoglobin and keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Hu
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7287, USA
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36
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Henson MM, Madden VJ, Rask-Andersen H, Henson OW. Smooth muscle in the annulus fibrosus of the tympanic membrane in bats, rodents, insectivores, and humans. Hear Res 2005; 200:29-37. [PMID: 15668036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The annulus fibrosus and its attachment to the bony tympanic ring were studied in a series of mammals. In the pallid bat, Antrozous pallidus, there is an extensive plexus of large interconnected blood sinuses in the part of the annulus that borders the tympanic bone. The spaces between the sinuses are packed with smooth muscle cells. Most of the cells have a predominately radial orientation; they extend from the bony tympanic sulcus to a dense collagenous matrix (apical zone) where radially oriented fibers of the pars tensa are confluent with the annulus. The muscles and vessels constitute a myovascular zone. A structurally similar myovascular zone is also present in the European hedgehog. In rodents, the annulus lacks the large interconnected blood sinuses but many small vessels are present. Smooth muscle is concentrated in the broad area of attachment of the annulus to the tympanic bone. In the gerbil, smooth muscle seems to be concentrated in the central part of the width of the annulus where it is attached to bone and radiates toward the tympanic membrane. In humans collections of radially oriented smooth muscle cells were found in several locations. The smooth muscle in all species studied appears to form a rim of contractile elements for the pars tensa. This arrangement suggests a role in controlling blood flow and/or creating and maintaining tension on the tympanic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Henson
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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37
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Pryzwansky KB, Madden VJ. Type 4A cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase is stored in granules of human neutrophils and eosinophils. Cell Tissue Res 2003; 312:301-11. [PMID: 12764607 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-003-0728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2002] [Accepted: 03/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Persistent elevations of cAMP levels are generally accompanied by an inhibition of granulocyte functions. Phosphodiesterases play a critical role in regulating intracellular levels of cAMP. The expression of three isoforms of type 4 cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) in neutrophils suggests diversity of isoform localization and targeting in regulating cell function. The sites of cAMP regulation in granulocytes by the PDE4A isoform were investigated by immunoelectron microscopy. PDE4A was localized uniformly in all granule classes of eosinophils, but was restricted in neutrophils to a subset of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-containing granules that were round or elongated with a central crystalloid core. Granulocytes were stimulated with fMLP to investigate the sites of PDE4A targeting during cell activation. In neutrophils, fMLP induced a rapid (1 min) translocation of granules containing PDE4A to the plasmalemma, where some PDE4A and MPO were exocytosed. In these cells, PDE4A labeling within granules was focal and no longer homogeneous. While immunogold labeling of PDE4A was reduced after fMLP stimulation, staining of MPO-containing granules remained high. Extracellular release of PDE4A was also observed in eosinophils stimulated with fMLP. Morphometry revealed that Au labeling was significantly reduced within 1 min, and that there was a shift in PDE4A localization within eosinophil granules from the crystalline core to the matrix. Fluctuations of cAMP levels and ectoprotein kinase activity with PKA properties occur in blood under normal and pathological conditions. The exclusive localization of PDE4A within granules of neutrophils and eosinophils suggests that PDE4A may function to downregulate cAMP signaling at the cell membrane and/or in the extracellular space at the time of granule release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Pryzwansky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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Yamada K, McCarty DM, Madden VJ, Walsh CE. Lentivirus vector purification using anion exchange HPLC leads to improved gene transfer. Biotechniques 2003; 34:1074-8, 1080. [PMID: 12765034 DOI: 10.2144/03345dd04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant lentiviral vectors stably transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. Virus pseudotyping with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope G (VSV-G) protein broadens the host range of lentiviral vector and enables vector concentration by ultra-centrifugation. However, as a result of virus vector concentration, contaminating protein debris derived from vector-producing cell culture media is toxic to target cells and reduces the transduction efficiency. Here we report a new and rapid technique for purifying lentivirus vector using the strong anion exchange column that significantly improves gene transfer rates. We purified VSV-G pseudotyped self-inactivating lentivirus vector and obtained two protein elution peaks (Peak 1 and Peak 2) corresponding to transducing activity. Peak 1 viral particles were 4-8 times more effective in transducing target cells than Peak 2 or non-purified (pre-HPLC) viral particles. We used purified lentivirus vector expressing the human Fanconi anemia group A (FANCA) gene to transduce murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. We observed a consistent 2- to 3-fold increase in gene transfer rates using Peak 1 purified virus compared with non-purified virus. We conclude that the purification method using the HPLC system provides the highly purified virus vector that reduces cell toxicity and significantly improves gene transfer in primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yamada
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Abstract
The transduction of the auditory signal is dependent on the flow of ions within the inner ear. We have generated mice deficient in NKCC1, an ion cotransporter that is thought to be involved in the secretion of K+ by the strial marginal cells. Inner ear histology revealed partial to almost total absence of the scala media and collapse of Reissner's membrane. Ultrastructural analysis showed that Reissner's membrane consists of 3-4 cell layers instead of the usual two, and a substance of unknown composition is present between Reissner's membrane and underlying structures. Within the tunnel of Corti, hair cells and supporting cells were difficult to identify. The location of the tectorial membrane was altered, and a precipitate was observed surrounding it. Severe structural defects were noted in the interdental cells and Boettcher cells, and mild defects were observed in the stria vascularis and in type II and type IV fibrocytes. The finding that major defects occur predominantly in cells that are not known to express NKCC1 suggests that loss of NKCC1 results in functional defects in cells expressing NKCC1 and a morphological effect on cell populations downstream in the proposed K+ recycling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Pace
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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40
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Malouf NN, Coleman WB, Grisham JW, Lininger RA, Madden VJ, Sproul M, Anderson PA. Adult-derived stem cells from the liver become myocytes in the heart in vivo. Am J Pathol 2001; 158:1929-35. [PMID: 11395367 PMCID: PMC1891986 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64661-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that adult-derived stem cells, like their embryonic counterparts, are pluripotent. These simple, undifferentiated and uncommitted cells are able to respond to signals from their host tissue microenvironment and differentiate, producing progeny that display a phenotype characteristic of the mature cells of that tissue. We used a clonal stem cell line (termed WB-F344) that was derived from an adult male rat liver to investigate the possibility that uncommitted stem cells from a nonmyogenic tissue source would respond to the tissue microenvironment of the heart in vivo and differentiate into cardiac myocytes. Male WB-F344 cells that carry the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene were identified in the left ventricular myocardium of adult female nude mice 6 weeks after transplantation. We confirmed the presence of a rat Y-chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequence exclusively in the beta-galactosidase-positive myocytes by polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry, using a cardiac troponin T-specific monoclonal antibody, and ultrastructural analysis confirmed a cardiac myocyte phenotype of the stem cell-derived myocytes. The beta-galactosidase-positive myocytes ranged from < 20 microm to 110 microm in length. The longer of these cells contained well-organized sarcomeres and myofibrils, and formed intercalated disks and gap junctions with endogenous (host-derived) myocytes, suggesting that WB-F344-derived myocytes participate in the function of the cardiac syncytium. These results demonstrate that adult liver-derived stem cells respond to the tissue microenvironment of the adult heart in vivo and differentiate into mature cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Malouf
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27514, USA.
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41
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Carter CA, Madden VJ. A newly characterized human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (CAC-1) differentiates in response to retinoic acid treatment. Exp Mol Pathol 2000; 69:175-91. [PMID: 11115359 DOI: 10.1006/exmp.2000.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new cell line of poorly differentiated human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells termed "CAC-1" cells has been established. These cells are epithelial, as indicated by positive cytokeratin and negative vimentin staining. They are rounded and possess a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, desmosomes, surface microvilli, intercelular lumens, and pleomorphic nuclei containing multiple nucleoli. These cells have been in long-term culture for 2 years. Our previous studies demonstrated that moderately differentiated (RL95-2) cells differentiated in response to retinoic acid treatment, illustrated by their reorganization of actin filaments and cell enlargement (Carter et al., 1996; Anticancer Res. 16, 17-24). CAC-1 cells exhibited a similar response because they also organized actin filaments and enlarged in response to retinoic acid treatment. Concurrently, retinoic acid treatment caused a 40% decrease in cell detachment in an in vitro detachment assay compared to controls. A slight lag in cell growth was observed when CAC-1 cells were treated with 1 microM 13-cis or all-trans retinoic acid during a 12-day growth curve. In addition, we examined the effects of retinoic acid on protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) and myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS). Treatment with retinoic acid caused cytoplasmic PKC-alpha to increase concomitant with a decrease in PKC-alpha in the membrane. In contrast, MARCKS increased in the membrane in response to retinoic acid treatment. These data indicate that retinoid treatment causes inactivation of PKC-alpha, allowing MARCKS to relocalize to the membrane, where it can cross-link actin filaments. CAC-1 cells represent an ideal model for investigating the effects of retinoids on differentiation induction concomitant with actin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Carter
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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42
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Holmes J, Stanko J, Varchenko M, Ding H, Madden VJ, Bagnell CR, Wyrick SD, Chaney SG. Comparative neurotoxicity of oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and ormaplatin in a Wistar rat model. Toxicol Sci 1998; 46:342-51. [PMID: 10048138 DOI: 10.1006/toxs.1998.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg), cisplatin (2 mg/kg with 20 mg/kg mannitol) and ormaplatin (2 mg/kg) were administered i.p. twice weekly for 4.5 weeks. Lactose injections (0.9%) were used as a control for oxaliplatin and 0.9% saline injections were used as a control for cisplatin and ormaplatin. Morphometric changes to dorsal root ganglia L4-L6 were quantitated as a measure of neurotoxicity. Drug treatment resulted in a decrease in cell and nuclear area and an increase in the percentage of cells with eccentric nucleoli for neuronal cell bodies in the DRG. Immediately following treatment the order of morphometric changes was ormaplatin > cisplatin > or = oxaliplatin. The accumulation of platinum in the DRG was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The order of accumulation was cisplatin > oxaliplatin > ormaplatin. Following an 8-week recovery period the order of morphometric changes to the DRG was ormaplatin approximately equal to oxaliplatin > cisplatin. This correlated with a greater retention of platinum by the DRG for ormaplatin and oxaliplatin than for cisplatin. The results suggest that ormaplatin is uniquely neurotoxic immediately following treatment in the Wistar rat model. However, following an 8-week recovery period both ormaplatin and oxaliplatin are more neurotoxic than cisplatin and this neurotoxicity correlates with a greater retention of platinum by the DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Holmes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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43
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Holmes J, Stanko J, Varchenko M, Ding H, Madden VJ, Bagnell CR, Wyrick SD, Chaney SG. Comparative Neurotoxicity of Oxaliplatin, Cisplatin, and Ormaplatin in a Wistar Rat Model. Toxicol Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/46.2.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Decalcification of temporal bones, especially from primates, has routinely required long periods of time and has been a major deterrent to many types of morphological studies. In this investigation, temporal bones from the monkey, Macaca fuscata, were decalcified with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in a microwave oven. To isolate effects of microwaves on decalcification, tissue was fixed and embedded using routine methods; only decalcification was carried out in the microwave oven. The procedure is described in detail. Instead of months, decalcification was complete in two working days. Control procedures included decalcification at room temperature and use of a regular oven at a temperature equal to that reached in the microwave. The ultrastructure of cochlear tissue was equal to or better than that obtained with routine decalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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45
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Abstract
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) utilizes the murine biliary glycoprotein receptor (BgpA) for entry into susceptible cells. The Bgp1 gene was transfected into a murine DBT cell clone that expressed little if any BgpA receptor and resisted wild-type MHV infection. Clones which expressed low levels of receptor were efficient hosts for MHV-A59 replication. Clones which expressed 20- to 69-fold more BgpA receptor than controls were also susceptible to MHV-A59 infection, yet few infectious progeny virions were released. Pretreatment of clones with monoclonal antibody CC1, which binds to the N-terminus of BgpA, blocked MHV-A59 replication in DBT clones that expressed wild-type levels of receptor protein. In the overexpressing cell clones, however, CC1 pretreatment reversed the BgpA overexpression blockade and increased virus titers by 3-4 logs. BgpA overexpression inhibited the formation of infectious extracellular and intracellular virions, but levels of virus transcription were equivalent to those of controls. Ultrastructural studies revealed normal cell cytopathology in both the MHV-A59-infected controls and the overexpressing cell clones. Although equivalent numbers of virions were released compared with the control, peplomer spike glycoproteins were rarely evident in virions derived from the BgpA-overexpressing cell clones. Consonant with these findings, purified virions from BgpA-overexpressing cell clones demonstrated a 70% reduction in the amount of S glycoprotein, but not of N or M proteins. These data suggest that BgpA receptor overexpression establishes an intracellular trap which blocks MHV replication during the maturation and release of infectious progeny virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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46
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Edgell CJ, Haizlip JE, Bagnell CR, Packenham JP, Harrison P, Wilbourn B, Madden VJ. Endothelium specific Weibel-Palade bodies in a continuous human cell line, EA.hy926. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1990; 26:1167-72. [PMID: 2079463 DOI: 10.1007/bf02623694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Weibel-Palade bodies are ultrastructurally defined organelles found only in vascular endothelial cells. Because endothelium in corpo is very dispersed, isolation and further characterization of this organelle has been dependent on increasing the number of cells in culture. However, primary isolates of endothelial cells have a limited replication potential and tend to senesce in culture. In this report, EA.hy926, a continuously replicating cell line derived from human endothelium, is shown to contain Weibel-Palade bodies. Electron micrographs demonstrate the ultrastructural characteristics of these tissue-specific organelles and their cytoplasmic distribution in EA.hy926 cells. Von Willebrand factor, which has been shown to exist in Weibel Palade bodies, is demonstrated by immunofluorescence in discrete rod-shaped organelles whose size, shape, and distribution are consistent with that of Weibel-Palade bodies in primary endothelial cell cultures. Rapid release of von Willebrand factor can be induced by calcium ionophore, and large multimeric forms of the protein are found in EA.hy926 cells. These two properties are consistent with the function currently ascribed to Weibel Palade bodies: storage of multimerized von Willebrand factor. Thus ultrastructural, immunologic, and functional data establish the existence of this as yet poorly understood tissue-specific organelle in a continuous, vigorously replicating human cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Edgell
- Pathology Department 7525, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599
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