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Meynier M, Daugey V, Mallaret G, Gervason S, Meleine M, Barbier J, Aissouni Y, Lolignier S, Bonnet M, Ardid D, De Vos WM, Van Hul M, Suenaert P, Brochot A, Cani PD, Carvalho FA. Pasteurized akkermansia muciniphila improves irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms and related behavioral disorders in mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2298026. [PMID: 38170633 PMCID: PMC10766393 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2298026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut - brain communications disorders in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, increased gut permeability, and psychosocial disturbances. Symptoms of IBS are difficult to medicate, and hence much research is being made into alternative approaches. This study assesses the potential of a treatment with pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila for alleviating IBS-like symptoms in two mouse models of IBS with different etiologies. Two clinically relevant animal models were used to mimic IBS-like symptoms in C57BL6/J mice: the neonatal maternal separation (NMS) paradigm and the Citrobacter rodentium infection model. In both models, gut permeability, colonic sensitivity, fecal microbiota composition and colonic IL-22 expression were evaluated. The cognitive performance and emotional state of the animals were also assessed by several tests in the C. rodentium infection model. The neuromodulation ability of pasteurized A. muciniphila was assessed on primary neuronal cells from mice dorsal root ganglia using a ratiometric calcium imaging approach. The administration of pasteurized A. muciniphila significantly reduced colonic hypersensitivity in both IBS mouse models, accompanied by a reinforcement of the intestinal barrier function. Beneficial effects of pasteurized A. muciniphila treatment have also been observed on anxiety-like behavior and memory defects in the C. rodentium infection model. Finally, a neuroinhibitory effect exerted by pasteurized A. muciniphila was observed on neuronal cells stimulated with two algogenic substances such as capsaicin and inflammatory soup. Our findings demonstrate novel anti-hyperalgesic and neuroinhibitory properties of pasteurized A. muciniphila, which therefore may have beneficial effects in relieving pain and anxiety in subjects with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Meynier
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, UMR1382 INRAé, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valentine Daugey
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Geoffroy Mallaret
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sandie Gervason
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Meleine
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Barbier
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Youssef Aissouni
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Lolignier
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 INSERM, UMR1382 INRAé, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Ardid
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Willem M. De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Akkermansia Company™, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | | | | | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric A. Carvalho
- NeuroDol, UMR 1107 INSERM, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Dikareva E, Matharu D, Lahtinen E, Kolho KL, De Vos WM, Salonen A, Ponsero AJ. An extended catalog of integrated prophages in the infant and adult fecal microbiome shows high prevalence of lysogeny. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1254535. [PMID: 37731926 PMCID: PMC10508911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The acquisition and gradual maturation of gut microbial communities during early childhood is central to an individual's healthy development. Bacteriophages have the potential to shape the gut bacterial communities. However, the complex ecological interactions between phages and their bacterial host are still poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the abundance and diversity of integrated prophages in infant and adult gut bacteria by detecting integrated prophages in metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) of commensal bacteria. Methods Our study included 88 infants sampled at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months (n = 323 total samples), and their parents around delivery time (n = 138 total samples). Fecal DNA was extracted and characterized by using shotgun metagenomic sequencing, and a collection of prokaryotic MAGs was generated. The MAG collection was screened for the presence of integrated bacteriophage sequences, allowing their taxonomic and functional characterization. Results A large collection of 6,186 MAGs from infant and adult gut microbiota was obtained and screened for integrated prophages, allowing the identification of 7,165 prophage sequences longer than 10 kb. Strikingly, more than 70% of the near-complete MAGs were identified as lysogens. The prevalence of prophages in MAGs varied across bacterial families, with a lower prevalence observed among Coriobacteriaceae, Eggerthellaceae, Veillonellaceae and Burkholderiaceae, while a very high prevalence of lysogen MAGs were observed in Oscillospiraceae, Enterococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly for several bacterial families such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae, the prevalence of prophages in MAGs was higher in early infant time point (3 weeks and 3 months) than in later sampling points (6 and 12 months) and in adults. The prophage sequences were clustered into 5,616 species-like vOTUs, 77% of which were novel. Finally, we explored the functional repertoire of the potential auxiliary metabolic genes carried by these prophages, encoding functions involved in carbohydrate metabolism and degradation, amino acid metabolism and carbon metabolism. Conclusion Our study provides an enhanced understanding of the diversity and prevalence of lysogens in infant and adult gut microbiota and suggests a complex interplay between prophages and their bacterial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Dikareva
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dollwin Matharu
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Lahtinen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Children's Hospital, Paediatric Research Centre, University of Helsinki and HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Willem M. De Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alise J. Ponsero
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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3
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Koopen A, Witjes J, Wortelboer K, Majait S, Prodan A, Levin E, Herrema H, Winkelmeijer M, Aalvink S, Bergman JJGHM, Havik S, Hartmann B, Levels H, Bergh PO, van Son J, Balvers M, Bastos DM, Stroes E, Groen AK, Henricsson M, Kemper EM, Holst J, Strauch CM, Hazen SL, Bäckhed F, De Vos WM, Nieuwdorp M, Rampanelli E. Duodenal Anaerobutyricum soehngenii infusion stimulates GLP-1 production, ameliorates glycaemic control and beneficially shapes the duodenal transcriptome in metabolic syndrome subjects: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Gut 2022; 71:1577-1587. [PMID: 34697034 PMCID: PMC9279853 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although gut dysbiosis is increasingly recognised as a pathophysiological component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the role and mode of action of specific gut microbes in metabolic health remain elusive. Previously, we identified the commensal butyrogenic Anaerobutyricum soehngenii to be associated with improved insulin sensitivity in subjects with MetS. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of A. soehngenii L2-7 on systemic metabolic responses and duodenal transcriptome profiles in individuals with MetS. DESIGN In this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study, 12 male subjects with MetS received duodenal infusions of A. soehngenii/ placebo and underwent duodenal biopsies, mixed meal tests (6 hours postinfusion) and 24-hour continuous glucose monitoring. RESULTS A. soehngenii treatment provoked a markedly increased postprandial excursion of the insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and an elevation of plasma secondary bile acids, which were positively associated with GLP-1 levels. Moreover, A. soehngenii treatment robustly shaped the duodenal expression of 73 genes, with the highest fold induction in the expression of regenerating islet-protein 1B (REG1B)-encoding gene. Strikingly, duodenal REG1B expression positively correlated with GLP-1 levels and negatively correlated with peripheral glucose variability, which was significantly diminished in the 24 hours following A. soehngenii intake. Mechanistically, Reg1B expression is induced upon sensing butyrate or bacterial peptidoglycan. Importantly, A. soehngenii duodenal administration was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of A. soehngenii improves peripheral glycaemic control within 24 hours; it specifically stimulates intestinal GLP-1 production and REG1B expression. Further studies are needed to delineate the specific pathways involved in REG1B induction and function in insulin sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR-NL6630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annefleur Koopen
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Witjes
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Wortelboer
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Soumia Majait
- Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephan Havik
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Han Levels
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Per-Olof Bergh
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Jamie van Son
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Balvers
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Stroes
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Henricsson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Jens Holst
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Christopher M Strauch
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jena P, Wakita D, Gomez AC, Carvalho TT, Narayanan M, Lee Y, Cani PD, De Vos WM, Chen S, Crother TR, Shimada K, Arditi M, Noval Rivas M. Abstract 331: Modulation Of Murine Vasculitis And Cardiovascular Inflammation By The Gut Microbiota. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.42.suppl_1.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Changes in intestinal microbiota composition and function are associated with development of cardiovascular disease, but the role of these alterations remains unclear in Kawasaki Disease (KD), an acute pediatric vasculitis that targets coronary arteries. Using a murine model of KD vasculitis, we observed reduced development of cardiovascular lesions in germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice. KD vasculitis in mice was associated with alterations in the gut microbiota composition and decreased abundance of
Akkermansia muciniphila
and
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
. Supplementation with live or pasteurized
A. muciniphila
or
F. prausnitzii
attenuated the severity of KD cardiovascular inflammation. Oral administration of the short-chain fatty acids acetate or propionate, both produced by
A. muciniphila,
or butyrate, produced by
F. prausnitzii
, reduced the development of vascular inflammation. Furthermore, treatment with Amuc_1100, a purified protein isolated from the outer membrane of
A. muciniphila
, decreased the severity of murine KD vasculitis. Beneficial effects of either pasteurized
A. muciniphila
or Amuc_1100 on murine KD vasculitis development were associated with improvement of gut barrier function. These results reveal an underappreciated gut microbiota-cardiovascular inflammation axis during murine KD vasculitis. Our findings may incite the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies that modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and function for KD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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Depommier C, Van Hul M, Everard A, Delzenne NM, De Vos WM, Cani PD. Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila increases whole-body energy expenditure and fecal energy excretion in diet-induced obese mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1231-1245. [PMID: 32167023 PMCID: PMC7524283 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1737307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence points to Akkermansia muciniphila as a novel candidate to prevent or treat obesity-related metabolic disorders. We recently observed, in mice and in humans, that pasteurization of A. muciniphila increases its beneficial effects on metabolism. However, it is currently unknown if the observed beneficial effects on body weight and fat mass gain are due to specific changes in energy expenditure. Therefore, we investigated the effects of pasteurized A. muciniphila on whole-body energy metabolism during high-fat diet feeding by using metabolic chambers. We confirmed that daily oral administration of pasteurized A. muciniphila alleviated diet-induced obesity and decreased food energy efficiency. We found that this effect was associated with an increase in energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity. Strikingly, we discovered that energy expenditure was enhanced independently from changes in markers of thermogenesis or beiging of the white adipose tissue. However, we found in brown and white adipose tissues that perilipin2, a factor associated with lipid droplet and known to be altered in obesity, was decreased in expression by pasteurized A. muciniphila. Finally, we observed that treatment with pasteurized A. muciniphila increased energy excretion in the feces. Interestingly, we demonstrated that this effect was not due to the modulation of intestinal lipid absorption or chylomicron synthesis but likely involved a reduction of carbohydrates absorption and enhanced intestinal epithelial turnover. In conclusion, this study further dissects the mechanisms by which pasteurized A. muciniphila reduces body weight and fat mass gain. These data also further support the impact of targeting the gut microbiota by using specific bacteria to control whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Depommier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M. De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Patrice D. Cani UCLouvain, Université Catholique De Louvain, LDRI, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Av. E. Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.11, B-1200Brussels, Belgium
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Ghosh TS, Rampelli S, Jeffery IB, Santoro A, Neto M, Capri M, Giampieri E, Jennings A, Candela M, Turroni S, Zoetendal EG, Hermes GDA, Elodie C, Meunier N, Brugere CM, Pujos-Guillot E, Berendsen AM, De Groot LCPGM, Feskins EJM, Kaluza J, Pietruszka B, Bielak MJ, Comte B, Maijo-Ferre M, Nicoletti C, De Vos WM, Fairweather-Tait S, Cassidy A, Brigidi P, Franceschi C, O'Toole PW. Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status: the NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries. Gut 2020; 69:1218-1228. [PMID: 32066625 PMCID: PMC7306987 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ageing is accompanied by deterioration of multiple bodily functions and inflammation, which collectively contribute to frailty. We and others have shown that frailty co-varies with alterations in the gut microbiota in a manner accelerated by consumption of a restricted diversity diet. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is associated with health. In the NU-AGE project, we investigated if a 1-year MedDiet intervention could alter the gut microbiota and reduce frailty. DESIGN We profiled the gut microbiota in 612 non-frail or pre-frail subjects across five European countries (UK, France, Netherlands, Italy and Poland) before and after the administration of a 12-month long MedDiet intervention tailored to elderly subjects (NU-AGE diet). RESULTS Adherence to the diet was associated with specific microbiome alterations. Taxa enriched by adherence to the diet were positively associated with several markers of lower frailty and improved cognitive function, and negatively associated with inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein and interleukin-17. Analysis of the inferred microbial metabolite profiles indicated that the diet-modulated microbiome change was associated with an increase in short/branch chained fatty acid production and lower production of secondary bile acids, p-cresols, ethanol and carbon dioxide. Microbiome ecosystem network analysis showed that the bacterial taxa that responded positively to the MedDiet intervention occupy keystone interaction positions, whereas frailty-associated taxa are peripheral in the networks. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings support the feasibility of improving the habitual diet to modulate the gut microbiota which in turn has the potential to promote healthier ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini Shankar Ghosh
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ian B Jeffery
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- CIG Interdepartmental Centre "L Galvani", Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Neto
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Miriam Capri
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Giampieri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerben D A Hermes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Caumon Elodie
- CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Meunier
- CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Agnes M Berendsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M De Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskins
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kaluza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Pietruszka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Blandine Comte
- Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Monica Maijo-Ferre
- Gut Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy, University of Florence, Firenze, Toscana, Italy
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susan Fairweather-Tait
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- The Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bolognas, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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7
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Shetty SA, Zuffa S, Bui TPN, Aalvink S, Smidt H, De Vos WM. Reclassification of Eubacterium hallii as Anaerobutyricum hallii gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Anaerobutyricum soehngenii sp. nov., a butyrate and propionate-producing bacterium from infant faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:3741-3746. [PMID: 30351260 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A bacterial strain designated L2-7T, phylogenetically related to Eubacterium hallii DSM 3353T, was previously isolated from infant faeces. The complete genome of strain L2-7T contains eight copies of the 16S rRNA gene with only 98.0-98.5 % similarity to the 16S rRNA gene of the previously described type strain E. hallii. The next closest validly described species is Anaerostipes hadrus DSM 3319T (90.7 % 16S rRNA gene similarity). A polyphasic taxonomic approach showed strain L2-7T to be a novel species, related to type strain E. hallii DSM 3353T. The experimentally observed DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain L2-7T and E. hallii DSM 3353T was 26.25 %, close to that calculated from the genomes (34.3 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of strain L2-7T was 38.6 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1cis9 and a component with summed feature 10 (C18 : 1c11/t9/t6c). Strain L2-7T had higher amounts of C16 : 0 (30.6 %) compared to E. hallii DSM 3353T (19.5 %) and its membrane contained phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, which were not detected in E. hallii DSM 3353T. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis advocates that E. hallii DSM 3353T is misclassified, and its reclassification as a member of the family Lachnospiraceae is necessary. Using a polyphasic approach, we propose that E. hallii (=DSM 3353T=ATCC 27751T) be reclassified as the type strain of a novel genus Anaerobutyricum sp. nov., comb. nov. and we propose that strain L2-7T should be classified as a novel species, Anaerobutyricum soehngenii sp. nov. The type strain is L2-7T (=DSM 17630T=KCTC 15707T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan A Shetty
- 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, Building 124, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Zuffa
- 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, Building 124, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thi Phuong Nam Bui
- 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, Building 124, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Aalvink
- 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, Building 124, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, Building 124, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M De Vos
- 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, Building 124, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,2Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Division of Microbiology and Epidemiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,3RPU Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Hänninen A, Toivonen R, Pöysti S, Belzer C, Plovier H, Ouwerkerk JP, Emani R, Cani PD, De Vos WM. Akkermansia muciniphila induces gut microbiota remodelling and controls islet autoimmunity in NOD mice. Gut 2018; 67:1445-1453. [PMID: 29269438 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal microbiota is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes in humans and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, but evidence on its causality and on the role of individual microbiota members is limited. We investigated if different diabetes incidence in two NOD colonies was due to microbiota differences and aimed to identify individual microbiota members with potential significance. DESIGN We profiled intestinal microbiota between two NOD mouse colonies showing high or low diabetes incidence by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and colonised the high-incidence colony with the microbiota of the low-incidence colony. Based on unaltered incidence, we identified a few taxa which were not effectively transferred and thereafter, transferred experimentally one of these to test its potential significance. RESULTS Although the high-incidence colony adopted most microbial taxa present in the low-incidence colony, diabetes incidence remained unaltered. Among the few taxa which were not transferred, Akkermansia muciniphila was identified. As A. muciniphila abundancy is inversely correlated to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies, we transferred A. muciniphila experimentally to the high-incidence colony. A. muciniphila transfer promoted mucus production and increased expression of antimicrobial peptide Reg3γ, outcompeted Ruminococcus torques from the microbiota, lowered serum endotoxin levels and islet toll-like receptor expression, promoted regulatory immunity and delayed diabetes development. CONCLUSION Transfer of the whole microbiota may not reduce diabetes incidence despite a major change in gut microbiota, but single symbionts such as A. muciniphila with beneficial metabolic and immune signalling effects may reduce diabetes incidence when administered as a probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Hänninen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Raine Toivonen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sakari Pöysti
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wagenigen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Plovier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Janneke P Ouwerkerk
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wagenigen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rohini Emani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wagenigen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,RPU Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Scanlan PD, Stensvold CR, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Heilig HGHJ, De Vos WM, O'Toole PW, Cotter PD. The microbial eukaryote Blastocystis is a prevalent and diverse member of the healthy human gut microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:326-30. [PMID: 25077936 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the majority of research into the human gut microbiota has focused on the bacterial fraction of the community. Inevitably, this has resulted in a poor understanding of the diversity and functionality of other intestinal microorganisms in the human gut. One such nonbacterial member is the microbial eukaryote Blastocystis, which has been implicated in the aetiology of a range of different intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. However, prevalence data from different studies are conflicting, and crucially, there is limited information on its incidence and diversity in healthy individuals. Here, we survey the prevalence, genetic diversity and temporal stability of Blastocystis in a group of healthy adults (n = 105) using a sensitive PCR assay. Blastocystis was present in 56% of our sample set, which is much higher than previously reported from an industrialised county (Ireland). Moreover, a diversity of different subtypes (species) were detected, and Blastocystis was present in a subset of individuals sampled over a period of time between 6 and 10 years, indicating that it is capable of long-term host colonisation. These results show that Blastocystis is a common and diverse member of the healthy gut microbiota, thereby extending our knowledge of the microbial ecology of the healthy human intestine.
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10
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Candela M, Biagi E, Brigidi P, O'Toole PW, De Vos WM. Maintenance of a healthy trajectory of the intestinal microbiome during aging: a dietary approach. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 136-137:70-5. [PMID: 24373997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sharing an intense transgenomic metabolism with the host, the intestinal microbiota is an essential factor for several aspects of the human physiology. However, several age-related factors, such as changes diet, lifestyle, inflammation and frailty, force the deterioration of this intestinal microbiota-host mutualistic interaction, compromising the possibility to reach longevity. In this scenario, the NU-AGE project involves the development of dietary interventions specifically tailored to the maintenance of a healthy trajectory of the intestinal microbiome, counteracting all processes connected to the pathophysiology of the human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Biagi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, and Departments of Veterinary Biosciences and Bacteriology & Immunology, Helsinki University, Finland
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem M De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology at Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Booijink CCGM, El-Aidy S, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Heilig HGHJ, Troost FJ, Smidt H, Kleerebezem M, De Vos WM, Zoetendal EG. High temporal and inter-individual variation detected in the human ileal microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2011; 12:3213-27. [PMID: 20626454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The diversity and temporal stability of the predominant bacteria in the human ileum was studied with the use of ileal effluent samples of seven individuals with Brooke ileostomies. The total number of bacteria within the ileal effluent was in the range of 10⁷ -10⁸ bacteria per gram (wet weight). The diversity of the bacteria in the ileal effluent showed marked differences compared with that in faecal samples from age-matched healthy adults. The ileal effluent had a higher relative abundance of species within the orders Lactobacillales and Clostridiales, mainly Streptococcus bovis-related species, and the Veillonella group, and a lower proportion of species related to Ruminococcus gnavus, R. obeum and Bacteroides plebeius. In addition, inter-individual differences were found, indicative of a highly personal ileal microbiota profile. Furthermore, temporal profiles showed large fluctuations per individual over a period of 9-28 days (average similarity over a period of 9 days was as low as 44%), and differences between morning and afternoon profiles were observed. Parallel cloning and sequencing efforts revealed several phylotypes that were not identified in previous studies (12 out of 65 phylotypes showed less than 97% sequence similarity with previously reported sequences). Achaea were found to be below detection limit by quantitative PCR. Overall, the results indicate that the microbiota of the human ileum is relatively unstable, less complex and consisting of different dominating phylotypes when compared with the colonic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carien C G M Booijink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Taş N, Heilig HG, Van Eekert MH, Schraa G, De Vos WM, Smidt H. Concurrent hexachlorobenzene and chloroethene transformation by endogenous dechlorinating microorganisms in the Ebro River sediment. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 74:682-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Van der Zaan B, Smidt H, De Vos WM, Rijnaarts H, Gerritse J. Stability of the total and functional microbial communities in river sediment mesocosms exposed to anthropogenic disturbances. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 74:72-82. [PMID: 20618856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
River systems are exposed to anthropogenic disturbances, including chemical pollution and eutrophication. This may affect the phylogenetic diversity as well as the abundance of various functional groups within sediment-associated microbial communities. To address such potential effects, mesocosms filled with Ebro delta sediment covered with river water were exposed to chlorinated organic compounds or to a high nutrient concentration as used for fertilization. Changes in the abundance of selected functional microbial groups, i.e. total aerobes, nitrate, sulfate and iron reducers, organohalide-respiring microorganisms as well as methanogens, were examined using culture-dependent most probable number and culture-independent PCR methods targeting phylogenetic as well as functional gene markers. It was concluded that the abundance of functional groups was neither affected by pollution with 1,2-dichloroethane and tetrachloroethene nor by elevated nutrient loads, although changes in the bacterial community composition were observed using 16S rRNA gene-targeted fingerprint techniques. This study reinforced the notion that complementary culture-dependent and molecular methods, focusing on different fractions of the microbial community (cultivable, active or total), should be used in combination for a comprehensive description of phylogenetic diversity and functional potential.
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Stevens MJA, Molenaar D, de Jong A, De Vos WM, Kleerebezem M. sigma54-Mediated control of the mannose phosphotransferase sytem in Lactobacillus plantarum impacts on carbohydrate metabolism. Microbiology (Reading) 2009; 156:695-707. [PMID: 19942662 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.034165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sigma factors direct specific binding of the bacterial RNA polymerase to the promoter. Here we present the elucidation of the sigma(54 ) regulon in Lactobacillus plantarum. A sequence-based regulon prediction of sigma(54)-dependent promoters revealed an operon encoding a mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS) as the best candidate for sigma(54)-mediated control. A sigma (54) (rpoN) mutant derivative did not grow on mannose, confirming this prediction. Additional mutational analyses established the presence of one functional mannose PTS in L. plantarum, the expression of which is controlled by sigma(54) in concert with the sigma(54)-activator ManR. Genome-wide transcription comparison of the wild-type and the rpoN-deletion strain revealed nine upregulated genes in the wild-type, including the genes of the mannose PTS, and 21 upregulated genes in the rpoN mutant. The sigma(54)-controlled mannose PTS was shown also to transport glucose in L. plantarum wild-type cells, and its presence causes a lag phase when cultures are transferred from glucose- to galactose-containing media. The mannose PTS appeared to drain phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) pools in resting cells, since no PEP could be detected in resting wild-type cells, while mannose PTS mutant derivatives contained 1-3 muM PEP (mg protein)(-1 ). Our data provide new insight into the role of sigma( 54) in L. plantarum and possibly other Gram-positive bacteria in the control of expression of an important glucose transporter that contributes to glucose-mediated catabolite control via modulation of the PEP pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J A Stevens
- NIZO food research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands.,TI Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe Molenaar
- NIZO food research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands.,TI Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M De Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,TI Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kleerebezem
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,NIZO food research, PO Box 20, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands.,TI Food and Nutrition, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sybesma W, Hugenholtz J, De Vos WM, Smid EJ. Safe use of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria in food. Bridging the gap between consumers, green groups, and industry. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2006. [DOI: 10.2225/vol9-issue4-fulltext-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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López-Contreras AM, Gabor K, Martens AA, Renckens BAM, Claassen PAM, Van Der Oost J, De Vos WM. Substrate-induced production and secretion of cellulases by Clostridium acetobutylicum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:5238-43. [PMID: 15345405 PMCID: PMC520844 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.9.5238-5243.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 is a solventogenic bacterium that grows heterotrophically on a variety of carbohydrates, including glucose, cellobiose, xylose, and lichenan, a linear polymer of beta-1,3- and beta-1,4-linked beta-D-glucose units. C. acetobutylicum does not degrade cellulose, although its genome sequence contains several cellulase-encoding genes and a complete cellulosome cluster of cellulosome genes. In the present study, we demonstrate that a low but significant level of induction of cellulase activity occurs during growth on xylose or lichenan. The celF gene, located in the cellulosome-like gene cluster and coding for a unique cellulase that belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 48, was cloned in Escherichia coli, and antibodies were raised against the overproduced CelF protein. A Western blot analysis suggested a possible catabolite repression by glucose or cellobiose and an up-regulation by lichenan or xylose of the extracellular production of CelF by C. acetobutylicum. Possible reasons for the apparent inability of C. acetobutylicum to degrade cellulose are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M López-Contreras
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Namsolleck P, Thiel R, Lawson P, Holmstrøm K, Rajilic M, Vaughan EE, Rigottier-Gois L, Collins MD, Vos WMD, Blaut M. Molecular Methods for the Analysis of Gut Microbiota. Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2004. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v16i2-3.7939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Derrien M, Adawi D, Ahrné S, Jeppsson B, Molin G, Osman N, štšepetova J, Vaughan EE, Vos WMD, Ouwehand AC. The Intestinal Mucosa as a Habitat of the Gut Microbiota and a Rational Target for Probiotic Functionality and Safety. Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2004. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v16i2-3.7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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20
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Mattila-Sandholm T, Saarela M, Vos WMD. The Food, GI-tract Functionality and Human Health Cluster: PROEUHEALTH and Beyond. Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2004. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v16i2-3.7941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Sybesma W, Van Den Born E, Starrenburg M, Mierau I, Kleerebezem M, De Vos WM, Hugenholtz J. Controlled modulation of folate polyglutamyl tail length by metabolic engineering of Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 69:7101-7. [PMID: 14660354 PMCID: PMC309937 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.12.7101-7107.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dairy starter bacterium Lactococcus lactis is able to synthesize folate and accumulates >90% of the produced folate intracellularly, predominantly in the polyglutamyl form. Approximately 10% of the produced folate is released into the environment. Overexpression of folC in L. lactis led to an increase in the length of the polyglutamyl tail from the predominant 4, 5, and 6 glutamate residues in wild-type cells to a maximum of 12 glutamate residues in the folate synthetase overproducer and resulted in a complete retention of folate in the cells. Overexpression of folKE, encoding the bifunctional protein 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase and GTP-cyclohydrolase I, resulted in reduction of the average polyglutamyl tail length, leading to enhanced excretion of folate. By simultaneous overexpression of folKE and folC, encoding the enzyme folate synthetase or polyglutamyl folate synthetase, the average polyglutamyl tail length was increased, again resulting in normal wild-type distribution of folate. The production of bioavailable monoglutamyl folate and almost complete release of folate from the bacterium was achieved by expressing the gene for gamma-glutamyl hydrolase from human or rat origin. These engineering studies clearly establish the role of the polyglutamyl tail length in intracellular retention of the folate produced. Also, the potential application of engineered food microbes producing folates with different tail lengths is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert Sybesma
- Department of Flavour, Nutrition and Natural Ingredients, Wageningen Centre For Food Sciences, NIZO food research, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands
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Bron PA, Hoffer SM, Van Swam II, De Vos WM, Kleerebezem M. Selection and characterization of conditionally active promoters in Lactobacillus plantarum, using alanine racemase as a promoter probe. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:310-7. [PMID: 14711657 PMCID: PMC321294 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.1.310-317.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the use of the alr gene, encoding alanine racemase, as a promoter-screening tool for the identification of conditional promoters in Lactobacillus plantarum. Random fragments of the L. plantarum WCFS1 genome were cloned upstream of the promoterless alr gene of Lactococcus lactis in a low-copy-number plasmid vector. The resulting plasmid library was introduced into an L. plantarum Deltaalr strain (MD007), and 40,000 clones were selected. The genome coverage of the library was estimated to be 98%, based on nucleotide insert sequence and restriction analyses of the inserts of randomly selected clones. The library was screened for clones that were capable of complementing the D-alanine auxotroph phenotype of MD007 in media containing up to 10, 100, or 300 micro g of the competitive Alr inhibitor D-cycloserine per ml. Western blot analysis with polyclonal antibodies raised against lactococcal Alr revealed that the Alr production level required for growth increased in the presence of increasing concentrations of D-cycloserine, adding a quantitative factor to the primarily qualitative nature of the alr complementation screen. Screening of the alr complementation library for clones that could grow only in the presence of 0.8 M NaCl resulted in the identification of eight clones that upon Western blot analysis showed significantly higher Alr production under high-salt conditions than under low-salt conditions. These results established the effectiveness of the alanine racemase complementation screening method for the identification of promoters on their conditional or constitutive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bron
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences. NIZO food research, 6710 BA Ede, The Netherlands
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Boels IC, Beerthuyzen MM, Kosters MHW, Van Kaauwen MPW, Kleerebezem M, De Vos WM. Identification and functional characterization of the Lactococcus lactis rfb operon, required for dTDP-rhamnose Biosynthesis. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:1239-48. [PMID: 14973085 PMCID: PMC344400 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.5.1239-1248.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
dTDP-rhamnose is an important precursor of cell wall polysaccharides and rhamnose-containing exopolysaccharides (EPS) in Lactococcus lactis. We cloned the rfbACBD operon from L. lactis MG1363, which comprises four genes involved in dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the lactococcal rfbACBD genes could sustain heterologous production of the Shigella flexneri O antigen, providing evidence of their functionality. Overproduction of the RfbAC proteins in L. lactis resulted in doubled dTDP-rhamnose levels, indicating that the endogenous RfbAC activities control the intracellular dTDP-rhamnose biosynthesis rate. However, RfbAC overproduction did not affect rhamnose-containing B40-EPS production levels. A nisin-controlled conditional RfbBD mutant was unable to grow in media lacking the inducer nisin, indicating that the rfb genes have an essential role in L. lactis. Limitation of RfbBD activities resulted in the production of altered EPS. The monomeric sugar of the altered EPS consisted of glucose, galactose, and rhamnose at a molar ratio of 1:0.3:0.2, which is clearly different from the ratio in the native sugar. Biophysical analysis revealed a fourfold-greater molecular mass and a twofold-smaller radius of gyration for the altered EPS, indicating that these EPS are more flexible polymers with changed viscosifying properties. This is the first indication that enzyme activity at the level of central carbohydrate metabolism affects EPS composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg C Boels
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Verhees CH, Kengen SWM, Tuininga JE, Schut GJ, Adams MWW, De Vos WM, Van Der Oost J. The unique features of glycolytic pathways in Archaea. Biochem J 2003; 375:231-46. [PMID: 12921536 PMCID: PMC1223704 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2002] [Revised: 05/16/2003] [Accepted: 08/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An early divergence in evolution has resulted in two prokaryotic domains, the Bacteria and the Archaea. Whereas the central metabolic routes of bacteria and eukaryotes are generally well-conserved, variant pathways have developed in Archaea involving several novel enzymes with a distinct control. A spectacular example of convergent evolution concerns the glucose-degrading pathways of saccharolytic archaea. The identification, characterization and comparison of the glycolytic enzymes of a variety of phylogenetic lineages have revealed a mosaic of canonical and novel enzymes in the archaeal variants of the Embden-Meyerhof and the Entner-Doudoroff pathways. By means of integrating results from biochemical and genetic studies with recently obtained comparative and functional genomics data, the structure and function of the archaeal glycolytic routes, the participating enzymes and their regulation are re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corné H Verhees
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zhu WY, Williams BA, Konstantinov SR, Tamminga S, De Vos WM, Akkermans ADL. Analysis of 16S rDNA reveals bacterial shift during in vitro fermentation of fermentable carbohydrate using piglet faeces as inoculum. Anaerobe 2003; 9:175-80. [PMID: 16887707 DOI: 10.1016/s1075-9964(03)00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2003] [Revised: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 05/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In vitro fermentation of sugar beet pulp (SBP) was carried out to determine which bacterial species would be enriched by use of this carbohydrate source. Faeces from four weaning piglets as a source of inoculum was also compared. The microbial diversity of the prominent bacteria before and after this in vitro fermentation was analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR amplicons of 16S rDNA. Before fermentation, the DGGE profiles showed differences between cultures inoculated with faeces from different piglets, though some bands were common to all piglets. After fermentation of SBP, three dominant bands appeared, of which two bands appeared in all samples and one for both replicates of one piglet. Sequences of the corresponding 16S rDNA of two bands showed 92% similarity to Eubacterium eligens and 96% similarity to Lachnospira pectinoschiza, and that of the third band 95% to L. pectinoschiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Zhu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Boels IC, Van Kranenburg R, Kanning MW, Chong BF, De Vos WM, Kleerebezem M. Increased exopolysaccharide production in Lactococcus lactis due to increased levels of expression of the NIZO B40 eps gene cluster. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:5029-31. [PMID: 12902307 PMCID: PMC169107 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.8.5029-5031.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) play an important role in the rheology and texture of fermented food products. This is the first report demonstrating that homologous overexpression of a complete eps gene cluster in Lactococcus lactis leads to increased EPS production levels. A ninefold-elevated EPS plasmid copy number led to an almost threefold increase in the eps expression level, resulting in an almost fourfold increase in the NIZO B40 EPS production level. It was previously reported that increased EPS precursor levels did not influence NIZO B40 EPS production levels. However, the present results indicate that the maximal NIZO B40 EPS production level is limited by the activity level of the expression products of the eps gene cluster rather than by the level of EPS precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg C Boels
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Wageningen. NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands
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Nakayama J, Akkermans ADL, De Vos WM. High-throughput PCR screening of genes for three-component regulatory system putatively involved in quorum sensing from low-G + C gram-positive bacteria. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003; 67:480-9. [PMID: 12723594 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing of gram-positive bacteria is often regulated by three-component regulatory system composed of autoinducing peptide, sensor kinase and response regulator. We used PCR to study a gene cassette encoding this three-component regulatory system. Degenerate primers were designed from consensus amino acid sequences in the HPK10 subfamily, mostly involved in quorum sensing. Products amplified from genomic DNA of Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium species were cloned and sequenced; their deduced amino acid sequences were similar to those of members of the HPK10 subfamily. Complete genes for the putative gene cassette were cloned by inverse PCR from L. paracasei E93490 and L. plantarum WCFS6. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the cloned putative HPKs into the HPK10 subfamily. These results indicated the usefulness of this high-throughput gene screening and suggested that the three-component regulatory gene cassette are widely present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Kaper T, Brouns SJJ, Geerling ACM, De Vos WM, Van der Oost J. DNA family shuffling of hyperthermostable beta-glycosidases. Biochem J 2002; 368:461-70. [PMID: 12164784 PMCID: PMC1222993 DOI: 10.1042/bj20020726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2002] [Revised: 07/16/2002] [Accepted: 08/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The structural compatibility of two hyperthermostable family 1 glycoside hydrolases, Pyrococcus furiosus CelB and Sulfolobus solfataricus LacS, as well as their kinetic potential were studied by construction of a library of 2048 hybrid beta-glycosidases using DNA family shuffling. The hybrids were tested for their thermostability, ability to hydrolyse lactose and sensitivity towards inhibition by glucose. Three screening rounds at 70 degrees C led to the isolation of three high-performance hybrid enzymes (hybrid 11, 18 and 20) that had 1.5-3.5-fold and 3.5-8.6-fold increased lactose hydrolysis rates compared with parental CelB and LacS respectively. The three variants were the result of a single crossover event, which gave rise to hybrids with a LacS N-terminus and a main CelB sequence. Constructed three-dimensional models of the hybrid enzymes revealed that the catalytic (betaalpha)(8)-barrel was composed of both LacS and CelB elements. In addition, an extra intersubunit hydrogen bond in hybrids 18 and 20 might explain their superior stability over hybrid 11. This study demonstrates that extremely thermostable enzymes with limited homology and different mechanisms of stabilization can be efficiently shuffled to form stable hybrids with improved catalytic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Kaper
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hessenlink van Suchtelenweg 4, NL-6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bron PA, Benchimol MG, Lambert J, Palumbo E, Deghorain M, Delcour J, De Vos WM, Kleerebezem M, Hols P. Use of the alr gene as a food-grade selection marker in lactic acid bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:5663-70. [PMID: 12406763 PMCID: PMC129899 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.11.5663-5670.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2002] [Accepted: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum contain a single alr gene, encoding an alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1), which catalyzes the interconversion of D-alanine and L-alanine. The alr genes of these lactic acid bacteria were investigated for their application as food-grade selection markers in a heterologous complementation approach. Since isogenic mutants of both species carrying an alr deletion (Deltaalr) showed auxotrophy for D-alanine, plasmids carrying a heterologous alr were constructed and could be selected, since they complemented D-alanine auxotrophy in the L. plantarum Deltaalr and L. lactis Deltaalr strains. Selection was found to be highly stringent, and plasmids were stably maintained over 200 generations of culturing. Moreover, the plasmids carrying the heterologous alr genes could be stably maintained in wild-type strains of L. plantarum and L. lactis by selection for resistance to D-cycloserine, a competitive inhibitor of Alr (600 and 200 micro g/ml, respectively). In addition, a plasmid carrying the L. plantarum alr gene under control of the regulated nisA promoter was constructed to demonstrate that D-cycloserine resistance of L. lactis is linearly correlated to the alr expression level. Finally, the L. lactis alr gene controlled by the nisA promoter, together with the nisin-regulatory genes nisRK, were integrated into the chromosome of L. plantarum Deltaalr. The resulting strain could grow in the absence of D-alanine only when expression of the alr gene was induced with nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bron
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Yother J, Trieu-Cuot P, Klaenhammer TR, De Vos WM. Genetics of streptococci, lactococci, and enterococci: review of the sixth international conference. J Bacteriol 2002; 184:6085-92. [PMID: 12399476 PMCID: PMC151966 DOI: 10.1128/jb.184.22.6085-6092.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Yother
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
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Amor KB, Breeuwer P, Verbaarschot P, Rombouts FM, Akkermans ADL, De Vos WM, Abee T. Multiparametric flow cytometry and cell sorting for the assessment of viable, injured, and dead bifidobacterium cells during bile salt stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:5209-16. [PMID: 12406706 PMCID: PMC129875 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.11.5209-5216.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2002] [Accepted: 08/05/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a flow cytometry-based approach, we assessed the viability of Bifidobacterium lactis DSM 10140 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis DSM 20083 during exposure to bile salt stress. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA), propidium iodide (PI), and oxonol [DiBAC4(3)] were used to monitor esterase activity, membrane integrity, and membrane potential, respectively, as indicators of bacterial viability. Single staining with these probes rapidly and noticeably reflected the behavior of the two strains during stress exposure. However, the flow cytometry results tended to overestimate the viability of the two strains compared to plate counts, which appeared to be related to the nonculturability of a fraction of the population as a result of sublethal injury caused by bile salts. When the cells were simultaneously stained with cFDA and PI, flow cytometry and cell sorting revealed a striking physiological heterogeneity within the stressed bifidobacterium population. Three subpopulations could be identified based on their differential uptake of the probes: cF-stained, cF and PI double-stained, and PI-stained subpopulations, representing viable, injured, and dead cells, respectively. Following sorting and recovery, a significant fraction of the double-stained subpopulation (40%) could resume growth on agar plates. Our results show that in situ assessment of the physiological activity of stressed bifidobacteria using multiparameter flow cytometry and cell sorting may provide a powerful and sensitive tool for assessment of the viability and stability of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Ben Amor
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, EV 6700 Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Satokari RM, Vaughan EE, Favier CF, Doré J, Edwards C, Vos WMD. Diversity of Bifidobacteriumand Lactobacillusspp. in Breast-Fed and Formula-Fed Infants as Assessed by 16S rDNA Sequence Differences. Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease 2002. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v14i2.8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Abstract
The establishment of bacterial communities in two healthy babies was examined for more than the first 10 months of life by monitoring 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) diversity in fecal samples by PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and by analyzing the sequences of the major ribotypes. DGGE profiles of the dominant populations in the intestines of the infants were obtained by analyzing daily or weekly fecal samples. After delivery, the germfree infant gastrointestinal tracts were rapidly colonized, and the succession of bacteria in each ecosystem was monitored. During the first few days of life the profiles were simple, but they became more complex as the bacterial diversity increased with time in both babies. Clone libraries of amplified 16S rDNA fragments from baby feces were constructed, and these libraries allowed identification of the bacterial types by comparative DNA sequence analysis; the bacteria identified included members of the genera Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, Clostridium, and Enterobacter: Species most closely related to the genera Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus in particular dominated the intestinal microbiota based on the stability over time and the numbers, as estimated by the intensities of the bands. However, 19 of the 34 cloned rDNA sequences exhibited less than 97% identity with sequences of known bacteria or cloned sequences in databases. This study showed that using PCR-DGGE and 16S rDNA sequence analysis together resulted in a dynamic description of bacterial colonization in the infant intestinal ecosystem and allowed visualization of bacteria that are difficult to cultivate or to detect by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Favier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zoetendal EG, Akkermans ADL, Akkermans-van Vliet WM, De Visser JAGM, De Vos WM. The Host Genotype Affects the Bacterial Community in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.3402/mehd.v13i3.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Klijn N, Weerkamp AH, De Vos WM. Biosafety Assessment of the Application of Genetically Modified Lactococcus lactis spp. in the Production of Fermented Milk Products. Syst Appl Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Nölling J, Hahn D, Ludwig W, De Vos WM. Phylogenetic Analysis of Thermophilic Methanobacterium sp.: Evidence for a Formate-Utilizing Ancestor. Syst Appl Microbiol 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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