1
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Miyoshi T, Maeno Y, Matsuda T, Ito Y, Inamura N, Kim KS, Shiraishi I, Kurosaki K, Ikeda T, Sago H. Neurodevelopmental outcome after antenatal therapy for fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia: 3-year follow-up of multicenter trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61:49-58. [PMID: 36350016 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many studies have supported the efficacy of transplacental treatment for fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, the long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after antenatal antiarrhythmic treatment is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis and neurodevelopmental outcome at 36 months of corrected age and the incidence of tachyarrhythmia after birth, following protocol-defined antenatal therapy for fetal supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. METHODS This was a 3-year follow-up study of a multicenter trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of protocol-defined transplacental treatment for fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and atrial flutter (AFL). The primary endpoints were mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 36 months of corrected age. NDI was defined as any of the following outcomes: cerebral palsy, bilateral blindness, bilateral deafness or neurodevelopmental delay. Neurodevelopmental delay was evaluated using appropriate developmental quotient scales, mainly the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development, or examination by pediatric neurologists. The detection rate of tachyarrhythmia at birth and at 18 and 36 months of corrected age was also evaluated as the secondary endpoint. In addition, the association of NDI at 36 months with perinatal and postnatal factors was analyzed. RESULTS Of 50 patients enrolled in the original trial, one withdrew consent and in two there was fetal death, leaving 47 patients available for enrollment in this follow-up study. Of these, 45 cases were available for analysis after two infants were lost to follow-up. The mortality rate was 2.2% (1/45) during a median follow-up of 3.2 (range, 2.1-9.4) years. The infant died at the age of 2.1 years. Another infant had missing neurodevelopmental assessment data. In the remaining 43 infants, at 36 months of corrected age, NDI was detected in 9.3% (4/43) overall and in two of three (66.7%) cases with fetal hydrops with subcutaneous edema. Cerebral palsy was noted in two infants with severe subcutaneous edema or ascites at an early gestational age. Neurodevelopmental delay was found in two infants with severe congenital abnormalities (one with tuberous sclerosis and the other with heterotaxy syndrome). Tachyarrhythmia was present in 31.9% (15/47) cases in the neonatal period and decreased to 8.9% (4/45) and 4.5% (2/44) at 18 and 36 months of corrected age, respectively. The median ventricular rate at diagnosis was significantly higher in infants with NDI compared to those without (265 vs 229 bpm; P = 0.003). In infants with NDI, compared to those without, fetal hydrops with subcutaneous edema at diagnosis was more common (50.0% vs 2.6%; P = 0.019) and the duration of fetal effusion was longer (median, 10.5 vs 0 days; P = 0.013). Postnatal arrhythmia and physical development abnormalities were not associated with NDI. CONCLUSIONS This multicenter 3-year follow-up study is the first to demonstrate the long-term mortality and morbidity of infants born following protocol-defined transplacental treatment for fetal SVT and AFL. NDI was associated with the presence of fetal hydrops with subcutaneous edema at diagnosis and longer duration of fetal effusion. Neurodevelopmental delay was detected only in infants with severe congenital abnormalities. Therefore, in infants that have undergone antenatal treatment for fetal tachyarrhythmia and in which there are no comorbidities, the risk of NDI is low. However, in those with fetal hydrops with subcutaneous edema and/or associated severe congenital abnormalities, the risk for long-term neurologic morbidity might be considered somewhat increased. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyoshi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - T Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonaha Okanoue Hospital, Kuwana, Japan
| | - Y Ito
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Inamura
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Japan
| | - K-S Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - I Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, NCVC, Suita, Japan
| | - K Kurosaki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, NCVC, Suita, Japan
| | - T Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - H Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Kinjo K, Manago M, Kitagawa S, Mao ZQ, Yonezawa S, Maeno Y, Ishida K. Superconducting spin smecticity evidencing the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state in Sr 2RuO 4. Science 2022; 376:397-400. [PMID: 35446631 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Translational symmetry breaking is antagonistic to static fluidity but can be realized in superconductors, which host a quantum-mechanical coherent fluid formed by electron pairs. A peculiar example of such a state is the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state, induced by a time-reversal symmetry-breaking magnetic field applied to spin-singlet superconductors. This state is intrinsically accompanied by the superconducting spin smecticity, spin density-modulated fluidity with spontaneous translational-symmetry breaking. Detection of such spin smecticity provides unambiguous evidence for the FFLO state, but its observation has been challenging. Here, we report the characteristic "double-horn" nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum in the layered superconductor Sr2RuO4 near its upper critical field, indicating the spatial sinusoidal modulation of spin density that is consistent with superconducting spin smecticity. Our work reveals that Sr2RuO4 provides a versatile platform for studying FFLO physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kinjo
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Manago
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - S Yonezawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Ishida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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3
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Uchida K, Mattoni G, Yonezawa S, Nakamura F, Maeno Y, Tanaka K. High-Order Harmonic Generation and Its Unconventional Scaling Law in the Mott-Insulating Ca_{2}RuO_{4}. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:127401. [PMID: 35394320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.127401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Competition and cooperation among orders is at the heart of many-body physics in strongly correlated materials and leads to their rich physical properties. It is crucial to investigate what impact many-body physics has on extreme nonlinear optical phenomena, with the possibility of controlling material properties by light. However, the effect of competing orders and electron-electron correlations on highly nonlinear optical phenomena has not yet been experimentally clarified. Here, we investigated high-order harmonic generation from the Mott-insulating phase of Ca_{2}RuO_{4}. Changing the gap energy in Ca_{2}RuO_{4} as a function of temperature, we observed a strong enhancement of high order harmonic generation at 50 K, increasing up to several hundred times compared to room temperature. We discovered that this enhancement can be well reproduced by an empirical scaling law that depends only on the material gap energy and photon emission energy. Such a scaling law can hardly be explained by the electronic structure change in the single particle model and has not been predicted by previous theoretical studies on HHG in the simple Mott-Hubbard model. Our results suggest that the highly nonlinear optical response of strongly correlated materials is influenced by competition among the multiple degrees of freedom and electron-electron correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uchida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - G Mattoni
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Yonezawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - F Nakamura
- Department of Education and Creation Engineering, Kurume Institute of Technology, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0052, Japan
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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4
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Fittipaldi R, Hartmann R, Mercaldo MT, Komori S, Bjørlig A, Kyung W, Yasui Y, Miyoshi T, Olde Olthof LAB, Palomares Garcia CM, Granata V, Keren I, Higemoto W, Suter A, Prokscha T, Romano A, Noce C, Kim C, Maeno Y, Scheer E, Kalisky B, Robinson JWA, Cuoco M, Salman Z, Vecchione A, Di Bernardo A. Unveiling unconventional magnetism at the surface of Sr 2RuO 4. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5792. [PMID: 34608149 PMCID: PMC8490454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials with strongly correlated electrons often exhibit interesting physical properties. An example of these materials is the layered oxide perovskite Sr2RuO4, which has been intensively investigated due to its unusual properties. Whilst the debate on the symmetry of the superconducting state in Sr2RuO4 is still ongoing, a deeper understanding of the Sr2RuO4 normal state appears crucial as this is the background in which electron pairing occurs. Here, by using low-energy muon spin spectroscopy we discover the existence of surface magnetism in Sr2RuO4 in its normal state. We detect static weak dipolar fields yet manifesting at an onset temperature higher than 50 K. We ascribe this unconventional magnetism to orbital loop currents forming at the reconstructed Sr2RuO4 surface. Our observations set a reference for the discovery of the same magnetic phase in other materials and unveil an electronic ordering mechanism that can influence electron pairing with broken time reversal symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fittipaldi
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - R Hartmann
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M T Mercaldo
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - S Komori
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.,Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - A Bjørlig
- Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5920002, Israel
| | - W Kyung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Y Yasui
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,RIKEN, Centre for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Miyoshi
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - L A B Olde Olthof
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - C M Palomares Garcia
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - V Granata
- Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - I Keren
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland.,The Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - W Higemoto
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - A Suter
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - A Romano
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Noce
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - E Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - B Kalisky
- Department of Physics, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5920002, Israel
| | - J W A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - M Cuoco
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Z Salman
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland.
| | - A Vecchione
- CNR-SPIN, c/o University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - A Di Bernardo
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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5
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Petsch AN, Zhu M, Enderle M, Mao ZQ, Maeno Y, Mazin II, Hayden SM. Reduction of the Spin Susceptibility in the Superconducting State of Sr_{2}RuO_{4} Observed by Polarized Neutron Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:217004. [PMID: 33275021 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.217004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent observations [A. Pustogow et al., Nature (London) 574, 72 (2019).NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-019-1596-2] of a drop of the ^{17}O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Knight shift in the superconducting state of Sr_{2}RuO_{4} challenged the popular picture of a chiral odd-parity paired state in this compound. Here we use polarized neutron scattering (PNS) to show that there is a 34±6% drop in the magnetic susceptibility at the Ru site below the superconducting transition temperature. We measure at lower fields H∼1/3H_{c2} than a previous PNS study allowing the suppression to be observed. The PNS measurements show a smaller susceptibility suppression than NMR measurements performed at similar field and temperature. Our results rule out the chiral odd-parity d=z[over ^](k_{x}±ik_{y}) state and are consistent with several recent proposals for the order parameter including even-parity B_{1g} and odd-parity helical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Petsch
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - M Zhu
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - I I Mazin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University and Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - S M Hayden
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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6
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Zhang JA, Murata N, Maeno Y, Samarasinghe PN, Abhayapala TD, Mitsufuji Y. Coherence-based performance analysis on noise reduction in multichannel active noise control systems. J Acoust Soc Am 2020; 148:1519. [PMID: 33003898 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Active noise control (ANC) over an extended spatial region using multiple microphones and multiple loudspeakers has become an important problem. The maximum noise reduction (NR) potential over the control area is a critical evaluation variable as it indicates the fundamental limitation of a given ANC system. In this paper, a method to mathematically formulate the NR potential for any given multichannel ANC systems is developed. First, the residual error in the multichannel feedforward ANC system is formulated, and then the multiple-input-multiple-output problem is decomposed into the parallel-channel problem. The total energy of the residual error is further decomposed into three different terms representing (i) the signal coherence between the reference signals and error signals, (ii) the filter, and (iii) the system null space. The experimental results validate the proposed evaluation method and illustrate the effectiveness on the maximum NR performance evaluation for given systems. Using the proposed analyzing method, more insight into the contribution of each component to the NR potential can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Aimee Zhang
- Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing Group, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Central Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Naoki Murata
- R&D Center, Sony Corporation, 2-10-1 Osaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8610, Japan
| | - Yu Maeno
- R&D Center, Sony Corporation, 2-10-1 Osaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8610, Japan
| | - Prasanga N Samarasinghe
- Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing Group, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Central Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Thushara D Abhayapala
- Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing Group, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Central Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yuki Mitsufuji
- R&D Center, Sony Corporation, 2-10-1 Osaki, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-8610, Japan
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7
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Steffens P, Sidis Y, Kulda J, Mao ZQ, Maeno Y, Mazin II, Braden M. Spin Fluctuations in Sr_{2}RuO_{4} from Polarized Neutron Scattering: Implications for Superconductivity. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:047004. [PMID: 30768293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.047004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triplet pairing in Sr_{2}RuO_{4} was initially suggested based on the hypothesis of strong ferromagnetic spin fluctuations. Using polarized inelastic neutron scattering, we accurately determine the full spectrum of spin fluctuations in Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. Besides the well-studied incommensurate magnetic fluctuations, we do find a sizable quasiferromagnetic signal, quantitatively consistent with all macroscopic and microscopic probes. We use this result to address the possibility of magnetically driven triplet superconductivity in Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. We conclude that, even though the quasiferromagnetic signal is stronger and sharper than previously anticipated, spin fluctuations alone are not enough to generate a triplet state strengthening the need for additional interactions or an alternative pairing scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steffens
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, C.E.A./C.N.R.S., F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - J Kulda
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - I I Mazin
- Code 6393, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - M Braden
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
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8
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Nomura T, Maeno Y, Abramowitz Y, Yoon S, Kubo S, Jilaihawi H, Kawamori H, Kazuno Y, Miyasaka M, Takahashi N, Kashif M, Chakravarty T, Nakamura M, Sharma R, Makkar R. P6311Prognostic impact of permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Nomura
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Y Maeno
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Y Abramowitz
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - S Yoon
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - S Kubo
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - H Jilaihawi
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - H Kawamori
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Y Kazuno
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - M Miyasaka
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - N Takahashi
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - M Kashif
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - T Chakravarty
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - M Nakamura
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - R Sharma
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - R Makkar
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States of America
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9
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Yamaguchi O, Watanabe S, Masumoto A, Maeno Y, Kawashima Y, Ishimoto O, Sugawara S, Yoshizawa H, Kobayashi K, Nukiwa T. P2.03-021 A Phase I Study Evaluating the Combination of Afatinib, Carboplatin and Pemetrexed after Failure of 1st Generation EGFR-TKIs. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Kunkemöller S, Steffens P, Link P, Sidis Y, Mao ZQ, Maeno Y, Braden M. Absence of a Large Superconductivity-Induced Gap in Magnetic Fluctuations of Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:147002. [PMID: 28430489 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.147002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inelastic neutron scattering experiments on Sr_{2}RuO_{4} determine the spectral weight of the nesting induced magnetic fluctuations across the superconducting transition. There is no observable change at the superconducting transition down to an energy of ∼0.35 meV, which is well below the 2Δ values reported in several tunneling experiments. At this and higher energies magnetic fluctuations clearly persist in the superconducting state. Only at energies below ∼0.3 meV can evidence for partial suppression of spectral weight in the superconducting state be observed. This strongly suggests that the one-dimensional bands with the associated nesting fluctuations do not form the active, highly gapped bands in the superconducting pairing in Sr_{2}RuO_{4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kunkemöller
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - P Steffens
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P Link
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y Sidis
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, C.E.A./C.N.R.S., F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Z Q Mao
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - M Braden
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
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11
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Kondo T, Ochi M, Nakayama M, Taniguchi H, Akebi S, Kuroda K, Arita M, Sakai S, Namatame H, Taniguchi M, Maeno Y, Arita R, Shin S. Orbital-Dependent Band Narrowing Revealed in an Extremely Correlated Hund's Metal Emerging on the Topmost Layer of Sr_{2}RuO_{4}. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:247001. [PMID: 28009182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.247001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use a surface-selective angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and unveil the electronic nature on the topmost layer of Sr_{2}RuO_{4} crystal, consisting of slightly rotated RuO_{6} octahedrons. The γ band derived from the 4d_{xy} orbital is found to be about three times narrower than that for the bulk. This strongly contrasts with a subtle variation seen in the α and β bands derived from the one-dimensional 4d_{xz/yz}. This anomaly is reproduced by the dynamical mean-field theory calculations, introducing not only the on-site Hubbard interaction but also the significant Hund's coupling. We detect a coherence-to-incoherence crossover theoretically predicted for Hund's metals, which has been recognized only recently. The crossover temperature in the surface is about half that of the bulk, indicating that the naturally generated monolayer of reconstructed Sr_{2}RuO_{4} is extremely correlated and well isolated from the underlying crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Ochi
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Nakayama
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - H Taniguchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Akebi
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - K Kuroda
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Arita
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Namatame
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - M Taniguchi
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - R Arita
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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Grigera SA, Borzi R, Slobinsky DG, Gibbs AS, Higashinaka R, Maeno Y, Grigera TS. An intermediate state between the kagome-ice and the fully polarized state in Dy$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$. Pap Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.4279/pip.070009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Otsuka M, Maeno Y, Fukami T, Inoue M, Tagami T, Ozeki T. Developmental considerations for ethanolates with regard to stability and physicochemical characterization of efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00751h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate arranges the chloride ion within a basket-type conformation. This distinctive crystal structure would contribute to the improvement of the API's thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Otsuka
- Analysis Research Department
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
- Funabashi-shi, Japan
| | - Y. Maeno
- Analysis Research Department
- Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd
- Funabashi-shi, Japan
| | - T. Fukami
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Kiyose, Japan
| | - M. Inoue
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University
- Kiyose, Japan
| | - T. Tagami
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya City University
- Mizuho-ku, Japan
| | - T. Ozeki
- Drug Delivery and Nano Pharmaceutics
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Nagoya City University
- Mizuho-ku, Japan
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14
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Matsumoto T, Maeno Y, Kato H, Seko-Nakamura Y, Monma-Ohtaki J, Ishiba A, Nagao M, Aoki Y. 5-hydroxytryptamine- and dopamine-releasing effects of ring-substituted amphetamines on rat brain: a comparative study using in vivo microdialysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1362-70. [PMID: 24862256 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Using in vivo microdialysis, a comparative study was conducted to examine the effects of amphetamine-related compounds (methamphetamine, MAP; 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA; p-methoxyamphetamine, PMA; p-methoxymethamphetamine, PMMA; 4-methylthioamphetamine, 4-MTA; 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine, TMA; 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, DOI) on extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA). Dialysates were assayed using HPLC equipped with electrochemical detector following i.p. administration with each drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg. MAP was found to drastically and rapidly increase 5-HT and DA levels (870% and 1460%, respectively). PMA, PMMA, and 4-MTA slightly increased DA levels (150-290%) but remarkably increased 5-HT levels (540-900%). In contrast, TMA and DOI caused no detectable changes in levels of both monoamines. We observed that the potent DA-releasing action of MAP was remarkably decreased by introduction of methoxy or methylthio group at the para position (MAP vs. PMMA or 4-MTA), but introduction of two additional adjacent methoxy groups into PMA totally abolished its 5-HT-/DA-releasing action (PMA vs. TMA). In addition, para-mono-substituted compounds inhibited both monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes more strongly than other compounds; PMA and 4-MTA exhibited submicromolar IC50 values for MAO-A. On the other hand, TMA scarcely affected the activity of both MAO enzymes as well as extracellular levels of 5-HT and DA. In this comparative study, MDMA, PMA, and 4-MTA functioned similar to PMMA, a typical empathogen; these findings therefore could be helpful in clarifying the psychopharmacological properties of amphetamine-related, empathogenic designer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsumoto
- Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Aichi Prefectural Police H.Q., Sannomaru 2-chome 1-1, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-8502, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - H Kato
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Y Seko-Nakamura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - J Monma-Ohtaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - A Ishiba
- Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Aichi Prefectural Police H.Q., Sannomaru 2-chome 1-1, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-8502, Japan
| | - M Nagao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-0037, Japan
| | - Y Aoki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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Hicks CW, Brodsky DO, Yelland EA, Gibbs AS, Bruin JAN, Barber ME, Edkins SD, Nishimura K, Yonezawa S, Maeno Y, Mackenzie AP. Strong Increase of Tc of Sr2RuO4 Under Both Tensile and Compressive Strain. Science 2014; 344:283-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1248292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Veenstra CN, Zhu ZH, Raichle M, Ludbrook BM, Nicolaou A, Slomski B, Landolt G, Kittaka S, Maeno Y, Dil JH, Elfimov IS, Haverkort MW, Damascelli A. Spin-orbital entanglement and the breakdown of singlets and triplets in Sr2RuO4 revealed by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:127002. [PMID: 24724673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.127002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling has been conjectured to play a key role in the low-energy electronic structure of Sr2RuO4. By using circularly polarized light combined with spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we directly measure the value of the effective spin-orbit coupling to be 130±30 meV. This is even larger than theoretically predicted and comparable to the energy splitting of the dxy and dxz,yz orbitals around the Fermi surface, resulting in a strongly momentum-dependent entanglement of spin and orbital character in the electronic wavefunction. As demonstrated by the spin expectation value ⟨sk⃗·s-k⃗⟩ calculated for a pair of electrons with zero total momentum, the classification of the Cooper pairs in terms of pure singlets or triplets fundamentally breaks down, necessitating a description of the unconventional superconducting state of Sr2RuO4 in terms of these newly found spin-orbital entangled eigenstates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Veenstra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Z-H Zhu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - M Raichle
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - B M Ludbrook
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A Nicolaou
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada and Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Slomski
- Physik-Institut, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Universitat Zürich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G Landolt
- Physik-Institut, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Universitat Zürich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Kittaka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan and Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - J H Dil
- Physik-Institut, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Universitat Zürich-Irchel, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland and Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - I S Elfimov
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada and Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M W Haverkort
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada and Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada and Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Damascelli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada and Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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17
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Rastovski C, Dewhurst CD, Gannon WJ, Peets DC, Takatsu H, Maeno Y, Ichioka M, Machida K, Eskildsen MR. Anisotropy of the superconducting state in Sr2RuO4. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:087003. [PMID: 24010467 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.087003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense studies the exact nature of the order parameter in superconducting Sr2RuO4 remains unresolved. We have used small-angle neutron scattering to study the vortex lattice in Sr2RuO4 with the field applied close to the basal plane, taking advantage of the transverse magnetization. We measured the intrinsic superconducting anisotropy between the c axis and the Ru-O basal plane (~60), which greatly exceeds the upper critical field anisotropy (~20). Our result imposes significant constraints on possible models of triplet pairing in Sr2RuO4 and raises questions concerning the direction of the zero spin projection axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rastovski
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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18
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Anwar MS, Nakamura T, Yonezawa S, Yakabe M, Ishiguro R, Takayanagi H, Maeno Y. Anomalous switching in Nb/Ru/Sr₂RuO₄ topological junctions by chiral domain wall motion. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2480. [PMID: 23963428 PMCID: PMC6505398 DOI: 10.1038/srep02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A spontaneous symmetry breaking in a system often results in domain wall formation. The motion of such domain walls is utilized to realize novel devices like racetrack-memories, in which moving ferromagnetic domain walls store and carry information. Superconductors breaking time reversal symmetry can also form domains with degenerate chirality of their superconducting order parameter. Sr2RuO4 is the leading candidate of a chiral p-wave superconductor, expected to be accompanied by chiral domain structure. Here, we present that Nb/Ru/Sr2RuO4 topological superconducting-junctions, with which the phase winding of order parameter can be effectively probed by making use of real-space topology, exhibit unusual switching between higher and lower critical current states. This switching is well explained by chiral-domain-wall dynamics. The switching can be partly controlled by external parameters such as temperature, magnetic field and current. These results open up a possibility to utilize the superconducting chiral domain wall motion for future novel superconducting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Anwar
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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19
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Hirose A, Maeno Y, Suda K, Fusazaki N, Kado H, Matsuishi T. Serial hemodynamic assessment using Doppler echocardiography in a fetus with left ventricular aneurysm presented as fetal hydrops. J Perinatol 2013; 33:486-9. [PMID: 23719251 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2012.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 22-week fetus presented with a large left ventricular aneurysm, 24 × 21 × 18 mm in size, detected by abnormal four-chamber view, and severe fetal hydrops with pericardial effusion, ascites and skin edema. The aneurysm was thin-walled, hypokinetic, and had enlarged with gestational age, causing compression of the lung. Although the left ventricular function had progressively impaired as expressed by increase in Tei index, hydrops had resolved by 32 weeks of gestation, probably because of maternal digoxin therapy and successful compensation by the right ventricle, as represented by retrograde blood flow in the distal aortic arch via the patent arterial duct. Because of the significant risk of severe cardiorespiratory failure, we transported the mother to a neonatal cardiac surgical center at 38 weeks of gestation. Indeed, the baby showed severe cardiopulmonary failure after birth, showing 100% of cardiothoracic ratio on the chest X-ray film, but was saved by the successful Dor procedure, including surgical resection of the aneurysm at 10 h of life. In this case, serial echocardiographic evaluation can allow us to monitor the hemodynamics and lead to successful postnatal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hirose
- Division of Neonatology, Maternal and Perinatal Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
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20
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Veenstra CN, Zhu ZH, Ludbrook B, Capsoni M, Levy G, Nicolaou A, Rosen JA, Comin R, Kittaka S, Maeno Y, Elfimov IS, Damascelli A. Determining the surface-to-bulk progression in the normal-state electronic structure of Sr(2)RuO(4) by angle-resolved photoemission and density functional theory. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:097004. [PMID: 23496740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.097004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the normal-state electronic structure of Sr(2)RuO(4) by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with improved data quality, as well as ab initio band structure calculations in the local-density approximation with the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling. We find that the current model of a single surface layer (√2×√2)R45° reconstruction does not explain all detected features. The observed depth-dependent signal degradation, together with the close quantitative agreement with the slab calculations based on the surface crystal structure as determined by low-energy electron diffraction, reveal that-at a minimum-the subsurface layer also undergoes a similar although weaker reconstruction. This model accounts for all features-a key step in understanding the electronic structure-and indicates a surface-to-bulk progression of the electronic states driven by structural instabilities. Finally, we find no evidence for other phases stemming from either topological bulk properties or, alternatively, the interplay between spin-orbit coupling and the broken symmetry of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Veenstra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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21
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Sala G, Castelnovo C, Moessner R, Sondhi SL, Kitagawa K, Takigawa M, Higashinaka R, Maeno Y. Magnetic Coulomb fields of monopoles in spin ice and their signatures in the internal field distribution. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:217203. [PMID: 23003295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.217203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fractionalization-the breaking up of an apparently indivisible microscopic degree of freedom-is one of the most counterintuitive phenomena in many-body physics. Here we study its most fundamental manifestation in spin ice, the only known fractionalized magnetic compound in 3D: we directly visualize the 1/r(2) magnetic Coulomb field of monopoles that emerge as the atomic magnetic dipoles fractionalize. We analyze the internal magnetic field distribution, relevant for local experimental probes. In particular, we present new zero-field NMR measurements that exhibit excellent agreement with the calculated line shapes, noting that this experimental technique can in principle measure directly the monopole density in spin ice. The distribution of field strengths is captured by a simple analytical form that exhibits a low density of low-field sites-in apparent disagreement with reported muon spin rotation results. Counterintuitively, the density of low-field locations decreases as the local ferromagnetic correlations imposed by the ice rules weaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sala
- South East Physics Network and Hubbard Theory Consortium, Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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22
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Carlo JP, Goko T, Gat-Malureanu IM, Russo PL, Savici AT, Aczel AA, MacDougall GJ, Rodriguez JA, Williams TJ, Luke GM, Wiebe CR, Yoshida Y, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y, Taniguchi T, Uemura YJ. New magnetic phase diagram of (Sr,Ca)2RuO4. Nat Mater 2012; 11:323-328. [PMID: 22344326 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-T(c) cuprates, iron pnictides, organic BEDT and TMTSF, alkali-doped C(60), and heavy-fermion systems have superconducting states adjacent to competing states exhibiting static antiferromagnetic or spin density wave order. This feature has promoted pictures for their superconducting pairing mediated by spin fluctuations. Sr(2)RuO(4) is another unconventional superconductor which almost certainly has a p-wave pairing. The absence of known signatures of static magnetism in the Sr-rich side of the (Ca, Sr) substitution space, however, has led to a prevailing view that the superconducting state in Sr(2)RuO(4) emerges from a surrounding Fermi-liquid metallic state. Using muon spin relaxation and magnetic susceptibility measurements, we demonstrate here that (Sr,Ca)(2)RuO(4) has a ground state with static magnetic order over nearly the entire range of (Ca, Sr) substitution, with spin-glass behaviour in Sr(1.5)Ca(0.5)RuO(4) and Ca(1.5)Sr(0.5)RuO(4). The resulting new magnetic phase diagram establishes the proximity of superconductivity in Sr(2)RuO(4) to competing static magnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Carlo
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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23
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Abstract
The electronic nematic phase of Sr₃Ru₂O₇ is investigated by high-resolution in-plane thermal expansion measurements in magnetic fields close to 8 T applied at various angles Θ off the c axis. At Θ < 10° we observe a very small (10⁻⁷) lattice distortion which breaks the fourfold in-plane symmetry, resulting in nematic domains with interchanged a and b axis. At Θ ≳ 10° the domains are almost fully aligned and thermal expansion indicates an area-preserving lattice distortion of order 2 × 10⁻⁶ which is likely related to orbital ordering. Since the system is located in the immediate vicinity of a metamagnetic quantum critical end point, the results represent the first observation of a structural relaxation driven by quantum criticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stingl
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Jang J, Ferguson DG, Vakaryuk V, Budakian R, Chung SB, Goldbart PM, Maeno Y. Observation of Half-Height Magnetization Steps in Sr2RuO4. Science 2011; 331:186-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1193839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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25
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Ciancio R, Pettersson H, Fittipaldi R, Kalabukhov A, Orgiani P, Vecchione A, Maeno Y, Pace S, Olsson E. Electron backscattering diffraction and X-ray diffraction studies of interface relationships in Sr3Ru2O7/Sr2RuO4 eutectic crystals. Micron 2010; 42:324-9. [PMID: 20943407 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sr3Ru2O7/Sr2RuO4 eutectic system is investigated by electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The eutectic growth enables the solidification of the two phases in an ordered lamellar pattern extending along the growth direction, namely the b-axis direction. The eutectic material thus provides in the a-c plane two distinct interfaces having different microstructures with respect to the growth direction. Our analysis shows that, across the inplane c-axis direction (characterized by a poor lattice matching), the b-axis orientation is not constant at the individual interfaces, showing an orientation spread of about 5°. However, across the in-plane a-axis direction (characterized by a good lattice matching), the b-axis orientation does not change within a few tenths of degree (about 0.25°). Such information at nanoscale is also verified on a macroscopic level by standard XRD investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ciancio
- CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; Department of Applied Physics, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 GÄoteborg, Sweden; CNR-IOM, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park - Basovizza, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - H Pettersson
- Department of Applied Physics, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 GÄoteborg, Sweden
| | - R Fittipaldi
- CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - A Kalabukhov
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 GÄoteborg, Sweden
| | - P Orgiani
- CNR-SPIN, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - A Vecchione
- CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Y Maeno
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Pace
- CNR-SPIN and Department of Physics "E.R. Caianiello", University of Salerno, I-84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - E Olsson
- Department of Applied Physics, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 GÄoteborg, Sweden
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Stock C, Jonas S, Broholm C, Nakatsuji S, Nambu Y, Onuma K, Maeno Y, Chung JH. Neutron-scattering measurement of incommensurate short-range order in single crystals of the S=1 triangular antiferromagnet NiGa(2)S(4). Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:037402. [PMID: 20867806 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.037402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Neutron scattering is used to investigate spin correlations in ultrapure single crystals of the S=1 triangular lattice NiGa(2)S(4). Despite a Curie-Weiss temperature of Θ(CW)=-80(2) K, static (τ>1 ns) short-range (ξ(ab)=26(3) Å) incommensurate order prevails for T>1.5 K. The incommensurate modulation Q(0)=(0.155(3),0.155(3),0), Θ(CW), and the spin-wave velocity (c=4400 m/s) can be accounted for by antiferromagnetic third-nearest-neighbor interactions J(3)=2.8(6) meV and ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor coupling J(1)=-0.35(9) J(3). Interplane correlations are limited to nearest neighbors and weakened by an in-plane field. These observations show that the short-range ordered glassy phase that has been observed in a number of highly degenerate systems can persist near the clean limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stock
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Labs, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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27
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Fittipaldi R, Maeno Y, Vecchione A. Structure, morphology and composition of natural junctions of Sr(2)RuO(4)-Sr(3)Ru(2)O(7) eutectic crystals. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:254211. [PMID: 21828435 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/25/254211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of morphological, compositional and structural aspects of Sr(2)RuO(4)-Sr(3)Ru(2)O(7) eutectic crystals is reported. The stoichiometry of the phases that compose the crystals and how they are arranged in the crystals are studied. Understanding the behavior at the Sr(2)RuO(4)-Sr(3)Ru(2)O(7) interface represents a necessary prerequisite for the analysis of the experimental results on the transport properties recently reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fittipaldi
- CNR-INFM Laboratorio Regionale SuperMat Salerno, via S Allende 84081 Baronissi(Sa), Italy. Dipartimento di Fisica E.R. Caianiello, Universitá di Salerno, via S. Allende 84081 Baronissi(Sa), Italy
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Ishimura E, Okuno S, Kono K, Fujino-Kato Y, Maeno Y, Kagitani S, Tsuboniwa N, Nagasue K, Maekawa K, Yamakawa T, Inaba M, Nishizawa Y. Glycemic control and survival of diabetic hemodialysis patients--importance of lower hemoglobin A1C levels. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 83:320-6. [PMID: 19135755 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2008.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The significance of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) on the survival of diabetic hemodialysis patients still remains controversial. We investigated the impact of HbA1C on the survival. METHODS A total of 122 diabetic patients on maintenance hemodialysis (age, 59.9+/-11.9 years [mean+/-SD]; hemodialysis duration: 53+/-38 months) were surveyed (survey period: 46+/-19 months). RESULTS The cumulative survival of the poor glycemic control group (mean HbA1C of 3-month period > or =6.3%, n=62) was significantly lower than that of the good group (HbA1C<6.3%, n=60), as determined by Kaplan-Meier estimation (P=0.0084, log-rank test). Kaplan-Meier analysis also demonstrated that both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortalities were higher in the poor group than in the good group (P=0.0545 and P=0.0453, respectively). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, the mean HbA1C was a significant predictor of survival (OR 1.260 per 1.0%, 95% CI 1.020-0.579, P=0.0325). CONCLUSIONS Poor glycemic control is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in diabetic hemodialysis patients. HbA1C is a clinically useful parameter for identifying the risk for mortality, both for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality, and that careful management of glycemic control by use of HbA1C is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ishimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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30
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Shimoyamada A, Ishizaka K, Tsuda S, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y, Shin S. Strong mass renormalization at a local momentum space in multiorbital Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:086401. [PMID: 19257758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.086401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the mass renormalization in Ca2-xSrxRuO4 (x=0.2) using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observed precise band dispersions near the Fermi level (E_{F}) and the corresponding Fermi surfaces. A characteristic flat band with approximately 4 meV dispersion accompanying sharp quasiparticle (QP) peaks shows up in a limited momentum region around (pi, 0). The QP peak rapidly evolves below the crossover temperature T;{*} approximately 20 K, which agrees well with the mass enhancement behavior indicated by thermal, magnetic, and transport properties. We discuss the origin of the mass renormalization in relation to the local flat band at (pi, 0) possibly derived from the gamma (d_{xy}) band.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shimoyamada
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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31
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Pennec Y, Ingle NJC, Elfimov IS, Varene E, Maeno Y, Damascelli A, Barth JV. Cleaving-temperature dependence of layered-oxide surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:216103. [PMID: 19113428 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.216103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces generated by cleaving nonpolar, two-dimensional oxides are often considered to be perfect or ideal. However, single particle spectroscopies on Sr2RuO4, an archetypal nonpolar two-dimensional oxide, show significant cleavage temperature dependence. We demonstrate that this is not a consequence of the intrinsic characteristics of the surface: lattice parameters and symmetries, step heights, atom positions, or density of states. Instead, we find a marked increase in the density of defects at the mesoscopic scale with increased cleave temperature. The potential generality of these defects to oxide surfaces may have broad consequences to interfacial control and the interpretation of surface sensitive measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Pennec
- Advanced Materials and Process Engineering Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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32
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Fittipaldi R, Vecchione A, Sisti D, Pace S, Kittaka S, Maeno Y. Micro-crystallographic structure of Sr 2RuO 4/Sr 3Ru 2O 7eutectic crystals grown by floating zone method. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308098942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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33
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Yonezawa S, Kusaba S, Maeno Y, Auban-Senzier P, Pasquier C, Bechgaard K, Jérome D. Anomalous in-plane anisotropy of the onset of superconductivity in (TMTSF)2ClO4. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:117002. [PMID: 18517814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the magnetic-field amplitude and field-angle dependence of the superconducting onset temperature Tconset of the organic superconductor (TMTSF)2ClO4 in magnetic fields H accurately aligned to the conductive ab' plane. We revealed that the rapid increase of the onset fields at low temperatures occurs both for H || b' and H || a, irrespective of the carrier confinement. Moreover, in the vicinity of the Pauli-limiting field, we report a shift of a principal axis of the in-plane field-angle dependence of Tconset. This feature may be related to an occurrence of Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yonezawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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34
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Steffens P, Sidis Y, Link P, Schmalzl K, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y, Braden M. Field-induced paramagnons at the metamagnetic transition of Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:217402. [PMID: 18233253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.217402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic excitations in Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4 were studied across the metamagnetic transition and as a function of temperature using inelastic neutron scattering. At low temperature and low magnetic field the magnetic response is dominated by a complex superposition of incommensurate antiferromagnetic fluctuations. Upon increasing the magnetic field across the metamagnetic transition, paramagnon and finally well-defined magnon scattering is induced, partially suppressing the incommensurate signals. The high-field phase in Ca1.8Sr0.2RuO4, therefore, has to be considered as an intrinsically ferromagnetic state stabilized by the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steffens
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany
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35
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Shen KM, Kikugawa N, Bergemann C, Balicas L, Baumberger F, Meevasana W, Ingle NJC, Maeno Y, Shen ZX, Mackenzie AP. Evolution of the Fermi surface and quasiparticle renormalization through a van Hove singularity in Sr2-yLayRuO4. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:187001. [PMID: 17995427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.187001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We employ a combination of chemical substitution and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy to prove that the Fermi level in the gamma band of Sr(2-y)La(y)RuO(4) can be made to traverse a van Hove singularity. Remarkably, the large mass renormalization has little dependence on either k or doping. By combining the results from photoemission with thermodynamic measurements on the same batches of crystals, we deduce a parametrization of the full many-body quasiparticle dispersion in Sr(2)RuO(4) which extends from the Fermi level to approximately 20 meV above it.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Shen
- Department of Applied Physics and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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36
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Nakatsuji S, Tonomura H, Onuma K, Nambu Y, Sakai O, Maeno Y, Macaluso RT, Chan JY. Spin disorder and order in quasi-2D triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnets: comparative study of FeGa2S4, Fe2Ga2S5, and NiGa2S4. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:157203. [PMID: 17995208 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.157203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Our single crystal study reveals that the single-layer S=2 triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnet FeGa2S4 forms a frozen spin-disordered state, similar to the S=1 isostructural magnet NiGa2S4. In this state, the magnetic specific heat C{M} is not only insensitive to the field, but shows a T2 dependence that scales to C{M} of NiGa2S4, suggesting the same underlying mechanism of the 2D coherent behavior. In contrast, the bilayer system Fe2Ga2S5 exhibits a 3D antiferromagnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakatsuji
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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37
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Takubo K, Mizokawa T, Son JY, Nambu Y, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y. Unusual superexchange pathways in an NiS2 triangular lattice with negative charge-transfer energy. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:037203. [PMID: 17678322 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.037203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the electronic structure of the Ni triangular lattice in NiGa(2)S(4) using photoemission spectroscopy and subsequent model calculations. The cluster-model analysis of the Ni 2p core-level spectrum shows that the S 3p to Ni 3d charge-transfer energy is approximately -1 eV and the ground state is dominated by the d(9)L configuration (L is a S 3p hole). Cell perturbation analysis for the NiS(2) triangular lattice indicates that the strong S 3p hole character of the ground state provides the enhanced superexchange interaction between the third-nearest-neighbor sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takubo
- Department of Physics & Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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38
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Kato H, Maeno Y, Seko-Nakamura Y, Monma-Ohtaki J, Sugiura S, Takahashi K, Zhe LX, Matsumoto T, Kurvanov F, Mizokami M, Nagao M. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus in forensic blood samples obtained from injecting drug users. Forensic Sci Int 2007; 168:27-33. [PMID: 16829004 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Revised: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Injecting drug users (IDUs) are a high-risk group for contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. In Japan, data on the prevalence of those blood-borne viruses among IDUs are very limited. Blood samples were obtained from 12 cadavers of IDUs sent to Nagoya City University for the purpose of judicious autopsy and two alive IDUs with hepatitis C referred to a local hospital at the same period. The viruses were detected by polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Two (16.6%) of the 12 autopsy cases were positive for HCV, but no case was positive for either HBV or HIV. Phylogenetic analysis of the two HCV isolates revealed that one was classified into genotype 1b and another was genotype 2b. Furthermore, nucleotide sequences of two isolates recovered from IDUs with hepatitis C were identical, that indicated the transmission of HCV between them, and those HCV were phylogenetically classified into genotype 2a. The prevalence of HCV infection among IDUs in Japan, despite the case of judicious autopsy, seems to be high, but HIV infection seems to be rare. The transmission of HCV between IDUs was demonstrated, and this indicates that phylogenetic analysis would applicable to also forensic analysis. HCV isolates identified in this study did not phylogenetically segregate, thus multiple transmission route of HCV among IDUs seems be exist in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kato
- Department of Forensic Medical Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
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39
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Machida Y, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y, Tayama T, Sakakibara T, Onoda S. Unconventional anomalous Hall effect enhanced by a noncoplanar spin texture in the frustrated Kondo lattice Pr2Ir2O7. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:057203. [PMID: 17358893 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.057203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the Hall effect in the geometrically frustrated Kondo lattice Pr2Ir2O7. In its spin-liquid-like paramagnetic regime, the Hall resistivity rho(xy) is found to increase logarithmically on cooling. Moreover, in this low temperature region, the field dependence of the Hall conductivity sigma(xy) shows a large enhancement up to 30 Omega(-1) cm(-1) as well as a nonmonotonic change with the magnetization. Our results are far different from the anomalous Hall effect due to the spin-orbit coupling observed in ordinary magnetic conductors. We discuss the possible spin-chirality effect in the Ir 5d conduction band due to the noncoplanar texture of Pr<111> Ising-like moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Machida
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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40
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Tanaka T, Ohki N, Kojima A, Maeno Y, Miyahara Y, Sudo T, Takekida S, Yamaguchi S, Sasaki H, Nishimura R. Radiotherapy negates the effect of retroperitoneal nonclosure for prevention of lymphedema of the legs following pelvic lymphadenectomy for gynecological malignancies: an analysis from a questionnaire survey. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:460-4. [PMID: 17316358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using patient questionnaires, we studied the long-term effect of leaving the peritoneum open on the incidence of lymphedema of the legs in patients following pelvic lymphadenectomy for gynecological malignancies. The patients were retrospectively assigned to one of two groups, depending on whether the retroperitoneum was closed or left open at surgery. Three years after surgery, we obtained valid questionnaire responses from 101 patients (43 cervical, 46 endometrial, and 12 ovarian cancers) in the closure group and 83 patients (34 cervical, 40 endometrial, and 9 ovarian cancers) in the nonclosure group. In patients' self-analysis, the overall incidence of lymphedema of the legs was significantly lower in the nonclosure group than in the closure group (25.3% and 50.5%, respectively; P < 0.01). The incidence of lymphedema of the legs was significantly increased by postoperative radiotherapy. Especially in the nonclosure group, the incidence of lymphedema was only 15.8% in patients who did not have radiotherapy, but it increased significantly (44.4%) (P < 0.05) when patients underwent radiotherapy. In conclusion, this questionnaire survey suggested that leaving the retroperitoneum open after lymphadenectomy is significantly effective in reducing the incidence of leg lymphedema, which impairs patients' quality of life more than expected by physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Department of Gynecology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Akashi, Japan
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41
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Borzi RA, Grigera SA, Farrell J, Perry RS, Lister SJS, Lee SL, Tennant DA, Maeno Y, Mackenzie AP. Formation of a Nematic Fluid at High Fields in Sr3Ru2O7. Science 2006; 315:214-7. [PMID: 17124288 DOI: 10.1126/science.1134796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In principle, a complex assembly of strongly interacting electrons can self-organize into a wide variety of collective states, but relatively few such states have been identified in practice. We report that, in the close vicinity of a metamagnetic quantum critical point, high-purity strontium ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7 possesses a large magnetoresistive anisotropy, consistent with the existence of an electronic nematic fluid. We discuss a striking phenomenological similarity between our observations and those made in high-purity two-dimensional electron fluids in gallium arsenide devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Borzi
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK.
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42
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Majidi C, Groff RE, Maeno Y, Schubert B, Baek S, Bush B, Maboudian R, Gravish N, Wilkinson M, Autumn K, Fearing RS. High friction from a stiff polymer using microfiber arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:076103. [PMID: 17026251 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.076103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High dry friction requires intimate contact between two surfaces and is generally obtained using soft materials with an elastic modulus less than 10 MPa. We demonstrate that high-friction properties similar to rubberlike materials can also be obtained using microfiber arrays constructed from a stiff thermoplastic (polypropylene, 1 GPa). The fiber arrays have a smaller true area of contact than a rubberlike material, but polypropylene's higher interfacial shear strength provides an effective friction coefficient of greater than 5 at normal loads of 8 kPa. At the pressures tested, the fiber arrays showed more than an order of magnitude increase in shear resistance compared to the bulk material. Unlike softer materials, vertical fiber arrays of stiff polymer demonstrate no measurable adhesion on smooth surfaces due to high tensile stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Majidi
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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43
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Ronning F, Hill RW, Sutherland M, Hawthorn DG, Tanatar MA, Paglione J, Taillefer L, Graf MJ, Perry RS, Maeno Y, Mackenzie AP. Thermal conductivity in the vicinity of the quantum critical end point in Sr3Ru2O7. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:067005. [PMID: 17026193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.067005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity of Sr3Ru2O7 was measured down to 40 mK and at magnetic fields through the quantum critical end point at Hc=7.85 T. A peak in the electrical resistivity as a function of the field was mimicked by the thermal resistivity. In the limit as T-->0 K, we find that the Wiedemann-Franz law is satisfied to within 5% at all fields, implying that there is no breakdown of the electron despite the destruction of the Fermi liquid state at quantum criticality. A significant change in disorder [from rho0(H=0 T)=2.1 to 0.5 microOmega cm] does not influence our conclusions. At finite temperatures, the temperature dependence of the Lorenz number is consistent with ferromagnetic fluctuations causing the non-Fermi liquid behavior as one would expect at a metamagnetic quantum critical end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ronning
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Gegenwart P, Weickert F, Garst M, Perry RS, Maeno Y. Metamagnetic quantum criticality in Sr3Ru2O7 studied by thermal expansion. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:136402. [PMID: 16712009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.136402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report low-temperature thermal expansion measurements on the bilayer ruthenate Sr3Ru2O7 as a function of magnetic field applied perpendicular to the ruthenium-oxide planes. The field dependence of the c-axis expansion coefficient indicates the accumulation of entropy close to 8 T, related to an underlying quantum critical point. The latter is masked by two first-order metamagnetic transitions which bound a regime of enhanced entropy. Outside this region the singular thermal expansion behavior is compatible with the predictions of the itinerant theory for a two-dimensional metamagnetic quantum critical end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gegenwart
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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45
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Nakatsuji S, Machida Y, Maeno Y, Tayama T, Sakakibara T, Duijn JV, Balicas L, Millican JN, Macaluso RT, Chan JY. Metallic spin-liquid behavior of the geometrically frustrated Kondo lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:087204. [PMID: 16606220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.087204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strongly frustrated magnetism of the metallic pyrochlore oxide Pr2Ir2O7 has been revealed by single crystal study. While Pr 4f moments have an antiferromagnetic RKKY interaction energy scale of /T*/ = 20 K mediated by Ir 5d-conduction electrons, no magnetic long-range order is found except for partial spin freezing at 120 mK. Instead, the Kondo effect, including a lnT dependence in the resistivity, emerges and leads to a partial screening of the moments below /T*/. Our results indicate that the underscreened moments show spin-liquid behavior below a renormalized correlation scale of 1.7 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakatsuji
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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46
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Lee JS, Moon SJ, Noh TW, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y. Orbital-selective mass enhancements in multiband Ca(2-x)Sr(x)RuO4 systems analyzed by the extended Drude model. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:057401. [PMID: 16486981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated optical spectra of quasi-two-dimensional multiband systems. The extended Drude model analysis on the -plane optical conductivity spectra indicates that the effective mass should be enhanced near . Based on the sum rule argument, we showed that the orbital-selective Mott-gap opening for the bands, the widely investigated picture, could not be the origin of the mass enhancement. We exploited the multiband effects in the extended Drude model analysis, and demonstrated that the intriguing heavy mass state near should come from the renormalization of the band.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- ReCOE & School of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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47
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Suzuki H, Hata F, Xue Y, Kaneko H, Hosomichi A, Abe S, Higashinaka R, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y. Crystal Distortion of Dy2Ti2O7 at the Spin Ice Transition Temperature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2355090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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48
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Kriener M, Steffens P, Baier J, Schumann O, Zabel T, Lorenz T, Friedt O, Müller R, Gukasov A, Radaelli PG, Reutler P, Revcolevschi A, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y, Braden M. Structural aspects of metamagnetism in Ca2-xSrxRuO4: evidence for field tuning of orbital occupation. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:267403. [PMID: 16486403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.267403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Ca(2-x)Sr(x)RuO(4) with 0.2 < or = x < or = 1.0 has been studied by diffraction techniques and by high resolution capacitance dilatometry as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Upon cooling in zero magnetic field, the crystal structure and the octahedra shrink along the c direction and elongate in the a and b planes, whereas the opposite occurs upon cooling at high field (x = 0.2 and 0.5). These findings yield evidence for an orbital rearrangement driven by temperature and magnetic field, which accompanies the metamagnetic transition at low temperature. The temperature and magnetic-field dependencies are found to be governed by the same energy scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kriener
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Germany
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49
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Balicas L, Nakatsuji S, Hall D, Ohnishi T, Fisk Z, Maeno Y, Singh DJ. Severe Fermi surface reconstruction at a metamagnetic transition in Ca2-xSrxRuO4 (for 0.2 <or=x<or=0.5). Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:196407. [PMID: 16384006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.196407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an electrical transport study in Ca2-xSrxRuO4 single crystals at high magnetic fields (B). For x=0.2, the Hall constant Rxy decreases sharply at an anisotropic metamagnetic transition, reaching its value for Sr2RuO4 at high fields. A sharp decrease in the coefficient of the resistivity T2 term and a change in the structure of the angular magnetoresistance oscillations for B rotating in the planes confirms the reconstruction of the Fermi surface. Our observations and local-density-approximation calculations indicate a strong dependence of the Fermi surface on Ca concentration and suggest the coexistence of itinerant and localized electronic states in single layered ruthenates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Balicas
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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50
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Zegkinoglou I, Strempfer J, Nelson CS, Hill JP, Chakhalian J, Bernhard C, Lang JC, Srajer G, Fukazawa H, Nakatsuji S, Maeno Y, Keimer B. Orbital ordering transition in Ca2RuO4 observed with resonant X-ray diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:136401. [PMID: 16197157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.136401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Resonant x-ray diffraction performed at the L(II) and L(III) absorption edges of Ru has been used to investigate the magnetic and orbital ordering in Ca2RuO4 single crystals. A large resonant enhancement due to electric dipole 2p-->4d transitions is observed at the wave-vector characteristic of antiferromagnetic ordering. Besides the previously known antiferromagnetic phase transition at T(N)=110 K, an additional phase transition, between two paramagnetic phases, is observed around 260 K. Based on the polarization and azimuthal angle dependence of the diffraction signal, this transition can be attributed to orbital ordering of the Ru t(2g) electrons. The propagation vector of the orbital order is inconsistent with some theoretical predictions for the orbital state of Ca2RuO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zegkinoglou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
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