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Fang ZY, Cao F. [Interpretation of 2023 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines on endocarditis]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:1278-1281. [PMID: 38123213 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230910-00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - F Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
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Wang YJ, Gu ZH, Wu XP, Fang ZY, Wang TH, Gao S, Yang X, Shen XY, Zhou TY, Zhang Q, Li JX, Cao F. [Clinical value of arterial stiffness assessment on risk prediction of vascular stiffness in the octogenarian elderly]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:1069-1074. [PMID: 37859359 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230530-00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze clinical factors related to arterial stiffening and establish a risk prediction nomogram of arterial stiffening in the octogenarian(≥80 years). Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, which enrolled the octogenarian elderly who underwent physical examination and secondary prevention intervention in the outpatient department of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from April 2022 to August 2022. Clinical data including demographics, biochemical indicators and medical history were collected. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was detected during the clinical visit. Participants were divided into the control group (baPWV≤1 800 cm/s) and vascular sclerosis group (baPWV>1 800 cm/s). The risk factors of arterial stiffness were analyzed by univariate and logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram model was constructed by R programming language. The predictive effect of the nomogram model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The median age of the 525 participants was 87.0 (82.0, 92.0) years, 504 (96.0%) were male, 82 in the control group, 443 in the vascular sclerosis group. The baPWV, age, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower in the control group than those in the vascular sclerosis group (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase and amylase were protective factors, and alkaline phosphatase and creatinine were risk factors of arterial stiffening (all P<0.05). The combined nomogram model scores including age, mean arterial pressure and the above five laboratory indicators indicated that mean arterial pressure and serum creatinine levels were strongly correlated with vascular sclerosis. The ROC curve suggested that the nomogram model had good prediction ability. Conclusions: Age, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase and creatinine are independently determinants for increased vascular stiffness. The combined prediction model in this study can provide reference for individualized clinical risk prediction of vascular sclerosis in the octogenarian elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Z H Gu
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X P Wu
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Z Y Fang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - T H Wang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - S Gao
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X Yang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X Y Shen
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - T Y Zhou
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - J X Li
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - F Cao
- Second Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
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Fang ZY, Wang H, Wang YB, Sun T, Cao F, Bai YY. [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicating with ventricular tachycardia induced by MYBPC3 and RYR2 double gene mutations: a case report]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:1087-1089. [PMID: 37859363 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230531-00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y B Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - T Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - F Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y Y Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
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Zhang CJ, Fang ZY, Tang YQ, Zheng L, Zhu HY, Huang L, Yun Xia L, Ying Huai W, Yin QZ, Wang YQ, Zhang TE. Study on the Mechanism of Zhenwu Decoction in Decreasing the Fats in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using System Pharmacology and Cytological Validation Test. Indian J Pharm Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.spl.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Fang ZY, Yang HY, Ma YQ, Wei W, Wu WY. Tamoxifen combined with sumer extract in the treatment of endometriosis in rats. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:2227-2231. [PMID: 33334093 DOI: 10.23812/20-460-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - H Y Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Y Q Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - W Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - W Y Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, Liuzhou, China
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Fang ZY, Huang HX, Lu C, Zhou XX, Ji F, Yu CH, Li YM. A rare oesophageal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour treated by endoscopy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:e66-e68. [PMID: 29607674 PMCID: PMC5958835 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is a mesenchymal neoplasm that mostly involves the lung and rarely involves the oesophagus. Surgery has been most commonly used for the treatment of oesophageal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours but there are no definite guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment. We describe the case of a 60-year-old woman presenting with dysphagia and poor appetite who was diagnosed with a submucosal oesophageal tumour by contrast enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography endoscopy. She was treated successfully by endoscopic submucosal dissection with no complications. The final diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZY Fang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - HX Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - C Lu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - XX Zhou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - F Ji
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - CH Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - YM Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Zhou W, Cao MG, Xu J, Fang ZY, Wang XY, Guo ZP, Li SS, Zhou ZH. [Effect of GTPase activating protein Git2 on metastasis in breast cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017; 38:492-8. [PMID: 27531261 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of GTPase activating protein Git2 on metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS Git2 gene over-expression was induced by Git2 cDNA, and Git2 gene knockdown was induced by Git2 ShRNA lentivirus in four breast cancer cell lines. Six-week old wide type female mice were also used in this study. The cells were tagged with luciferase and injected into wide type female mice by tail vein or 4(th) mammary fat pad, respectively, to establish a cancer metastasis model. In vivo real time imaging system and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the cancer metastasis. RESULTS The relative mRNA expression level of Git2 (normalized by GAPDH) in the 4T1, 4TO7, 168FARN and 67NR cells were 0.91±0.03, 0.125±0.06, 0.131±0.04 and 0.92±0.04, respectively. The expression of EMT marker E-cadherin was inhibited and N-cadherin and vimentin were enhanced when Git2 was over-expressed in 168FARN cells and 4TO7 cells expressing low level of Git2, whereas the expression of E-cadherin was increased and N-cadherin and vimentin were decreased when Git2 was knocked down in 67NR cells and 4T1 cells expressing high level of Git2. Furthermore, over-expression of Git2 promoted 4TO7 cells to progress from micro-metastasis to macro-metastasis. The down-regulation of Git2 pushed 67NR cells to intravasate into blood circulation and suppressed the metastatic ability of 4T1 cells. The number of bioluminescence photos of lung metastatic 4T1-Luc-KD cells was (0.4±0.05)×10(6,) compared with (3.0±0.04)×10(6) in the control 4T1-Luc cells, showing a significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Git2 is involved in breast cancer initiation and metastatic colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - M G Cao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - J Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Z Y Fang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Z P Guo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - S S Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Z H Zhou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
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Zhang YW, Guo MH, Tang XB, Jin D, Fang ZY. Proteomic and gene expression analyses during bolting-related leaf color change in Brassica rapa. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr8584. [PMID: 27525926 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15038584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bolting and flowering are key processes during the growth and development of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying bolting and flowering is of significance for improving production of the vegetable. A leaf-color change from bright green to gray-green has been observed following differentiation of the flowering stem and before bolting in the vegetable, and is considered to be a signal for bolting. Proteomics in meristem tissues of an inbred line (C30) were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis during the transition period. We found that some proteins were specifically expressed while others were differentially expressed. Among these, 17 proteins were specifically expressed before the color change, 18 were specifically expressed after the color change, 21 were downregulated during the color change, and 29 were upregulated. Mass spectrometric analysis (MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS) was used to analyze 17 protein spots, and four proteins (subunit E1 of vacuolar-type H+ transporter ATPase, the large subunit of Rubicon, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase, and tubulin α-2) were identified. qPCR analysis was conducted to quantify the expression of genes encoding these proteins during the transitional period. The expression of BrVHA-E1, BrSAMS, BrrbcL, and BrTUA6 was significantly different before and after the leaf-color change, suggesting that these genes might be involved in regulating flower differentiation and bolting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China .,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China
| | - M H Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - X B Tang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - D Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Z Y Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shu JS, Liu YM, Li ZS, Zhang LL, Fang ZY, Yang LM, Zhuang M, Zhang YY, Lv HH. Genetic analysis of floral organ size in broccoli × cabbage via a mixed inheritance model of a major gene plus polygene. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7554. [PMID: 27173214 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15027554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli and cabbage are important vegetable crops that produce hybrid seeds after insect pollination; the size of floral organs is crucial for this process. To investigate the genetic characteristics of floral organ sizes (corolla width, petal length and width, and lengths of stamen, anther, style, and stigma) and to improve the flower size and breeding efficiency of broccoli, we used multi-generation analysis of a major gene plus polygene model. Six populations obtained from a broccoli inbred line 93219 (small floral organs) and cabbage inbred line 195 (large floral organs) were used for the analysis. Corolla and petal width and stamen and anther length were controlled by the additive-dominance-epistasis polygene model. The heritability of these traits in BC1, BC2, and F2 generations was high (72.80-93.76%). Petal and stigma length were governed by the two major genes of additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus additive-dominance polygene model; the major gene heritability in the F2 generation were 79.17 and 65.77%, respectively. Style length was controlled by one major gene of additive-dominance effects plus additive-dominance-epistasis polygene model; the major gene heritability in BC1, BC2, and F2 were 40.60, 10.35, and 38.44%, respectively; the polygene heritability varied from 41.85 to 68.44%. Our results provide important genetic information for breeding, which could guide improvement of flower-related traits and lay the foundation for quantitative trait loci mapping of the flower-size traits in Brassica.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Shu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Y M Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Z S Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - L L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Z Y Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - L M Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - M Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - H H Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Zhang YW, Jin D, Xu C, Zhang L, Guo MH, Fang ZY. Regulation of bolting and identification of the α-tubulin gene family in Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7507. [PMID: 26909938 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are important components of eukaryotic cells, and they play vital roles in cell morphogenesis, carrying of signaling molecules, transport of materials, and establishing the cell polarity. During bolting of biennial plants, cell division and elongation are involved, and cell elongation inevitably involves the microtubules arrangement and expression of related genes. So we deduce that it is of great significance to figure out the mechanism of bolting and flowering in which TUA genes are involved. In the present study, bioinformatic methods were used to predict and identify the α-tubulin gene family (BrTUAs) in Brassica rapa L. ssp pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) through the alignment of AtTUA gene sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana with the B. rapa genome database (http://brassicadb.org/brad/) using the basic local alignment search tool. The change in the structure and functions of BrTUAs during the process of evolution, cis-acting elements in the promoter sequences of BrTUAs, and the expression of the identified genes was also analyzed. Twelve members of the α-tubulin gene family were identified from Chinese cabbage. The gene length, intron, exon, and promoter regions were determined to have changed significantly during the genome evolution. Only five of the 12 members were encoded completely and were observed to differ in their spatial and temporal expression. The five BrTUA promoter sequences contained different numbers of cis-elements responsive to light and low-temperature response, cis-elements responsive among which hormonal responses were significantly different. We also report that the BrTUAs were involved in the regulation of the bolting in Chinese cabbage, and propose that this process could be controlled by regulating the expression of BrTUAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China
| | - D Jin
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - C Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - L Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - M H Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Z Y Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Degré SG, Fang ZY, Sobolski J, Abramowicz M, Unger P, Berkenboom G. Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic selected population and in unstable angina. Adv Cardiol 2015; 37:215-22. [PMID: 2120910 DOI: 10.1159/000418829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S G Degré
- Cardiology Division, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Xu XY, Zhang Y, Zhang LG, Fang ZY. Identification of sequence-related amplified polymorphism and insertion-deletion markers linked to the male fertility restorer gene of pol-like CMS06J45 in heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis). Genet Mol Res 2014; 13:9606-14. [PMID: 25501170 DOI: 10.4238/2014.november.14.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to map the restorer gene BrRfp of the polima (pol)-like cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) 06J45 line in heading Chinese cabbage, an F2 segregating population with 258 individuals of CMS06J45 and the restorer line 01S325 were tested by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and insertion-deletion (InDel) technologies combined with the bulked segregant analysis method. As a result, two SRAP markers, me3em3.366 and pm88bg5.263, that were linked with the BrRfp gene were identified from 463 SRAP primer pairs. By cloning, sequencing, and basic local alignment search tool analysis, the two markers were targeted to the BGIScaffold000053 of Brassica rapa in the Brassica database. Using the BGIScaffold000053 sequence, four InDel primer pairs were designed and identified to be linked with the BrRfp gene in this population. Linkage analysis showed that these markers were distributed on both sides of the BrRfp gene, the linkage distances of two nearest markers InDel878.1125 and InDel920.713 were 0.82 and 0.46 cM, respectively, and the BrRfp gene was restricted to a 243-kb genomic region of B. rapa. These specific markers provided basic information for map-based cloning of the BrRfp gene and will be very valuable for the marker-assisted selection of a new restorer line in heading Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - L G Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z Y Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhu SW, Fang ZY, Jiang HY, Cheng BJ. Molecular and functional analysis of the poly-β-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis operon of Pseudomonas sp BJ-1. Genet Mol Res 2010; 9:2349-56. [PMID: 21157703 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-4gmr845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The operon comprising the genes for poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis in Pseudomonas sp BJ-1 was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis of 8991 bp revealed that the regions contain two related operons. The first operon contains the three genes phbA, phbB and phbC, and the other contains the two genes flp1 and flp2. The deduced amino acid sequences of PHBA and PHBB showed high identity with other bacterial PHB genes. Transcription of the three genes of the first operon is controlled by a single hypothetical promoter region, whereas the other two flp genes are controlled by two hypothetical promoter regions. Analysis of expressed protein at different times showed that PHBA protein levels increased from 0 to 4 h; PHBB and PHBC showed similar kinetics. Detection of enzyme activity showed three proteins with bioactivity and biological function in the synthesis of PHB intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zhu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Li L, Zhang R, Fang ZY, Chen JN, Zhu ZL. Suppression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression by Targeting the Bcr-Abl Oncogene and Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity in Bcr-Abl-positive Leukaemia Cells. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:426-37. [PMID: 19383237 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major and potent inducer of angiogenesis, is directly triggered by the disease-related oncogene Bcr-Abl in Bcr-Abl-positive cells. In this study, inhibition of Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase activity by imatinib significantly decreased VEGF expression in Bcr-Abl-positive K562 cells in vitro Imatinib treatment in vivo of nude mice xenografted with K562 cells resulted in a significant reduction in tumour size and microvessel density compared with untreated tumours. In addition, interfering with Bcr-Abl oncogene expression with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) not only induced a specific reduction of Bcr-Abl mRNA and protein expression, but also efficiently inhibited the expression of VEGF in K562 cells. Combined treatment with imatinib and Bcr-Abl-targeting siRNAs resulted in an enhanced effect on VEGF suppression in K562 cells. The combined application of Bcr-Abl-targeting siRNAs and imatinib may provide a potent novel therapeutic approach for chronic myeloid leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Centre, Suzhou, China
| | - R Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - ZY Fang
- Suzhou Red Cross Blood Centre, Suzhou, China
| | - JN Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - ZL Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Haematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Subclinical left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has been shown by tissue Doppler and strain imaging in diabetic patients in the absence of coronary disease or LV hypertrophy, but the prevalence and aetiology of this finding remain unclear. This study sought to identify the prevalence and the determinants of subclinical diabetic heart disease. METHODS A group of 219 unselected patients with type 2 diabetes without known cardiac disease underwent resting and stress echocardiography. After exclusion of coronary artery disease or LV hypertrophy, the remaining 120 patients (age 57+/-10 years, 73 male) were studied with tissue Doppler imaging. Peak systolic strain of each wall and systolic (Sm) and diastolic (Em) velocity of each basal segment were measured from the three apical views and averaged for each patient. Significant subclinical LV dysfunction was identified according to Sm and Em normal ranges adjusted by age and sex. Strain and Em were correlated with clinical, therapeutic, echocardiographic and biochemical variables, and significant independent associations were sought using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS Significant subclinical LV dysfunction was present in 27% diabetic patients. Myocardial systolic dysfunction by peak strain was independently associated with glycosylated haemoglobin level (p<0.001) and lack of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment (p=0.003). Myocardial diastolic function (Em) was independently predicted by age (p=0.013), hypertension (p=0.001), insulin (p=0.008) and metformin (p=0.01) treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In patients with diabetes mellitus, subclinical LV dysfunction is common and associated with poor diabetic control, advancing age, hypertension and metformin treatment; ACE inhibitor and insulin therapies appear to be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Fang ZY, Limbach K, Tartaglia J, Hammonds J, Chen X, Spearman P. Expression of vaccinia E3L and K3L genes by a novel recombinant canarypox HIV vaccine vector enhances HIV-1 pseudovirion production and inhibits apoptosis in human cells. Virology 2001; 291:272-84. [PMID: 11878896 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Poxviruses that are attenuated for growth in human cells provide a safe means of HIV antigen expression and are capable of eliciting HIV-specific immune responses, including CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. HIV-1 antigen expression in human cells by attenuated poxvirus vectors may be limited by interferon-mediated host defense mechanisms. To enhance HIV antigen expression in human cells, the vaccinia virus E3L and K3L genes were inserted into a canarypox vector that expresses HIV-1 Gag, Env, and a Nef/Pol polyepitope string. E3L and K3L markedly reduced the activation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, and led to a significant reduction in apoptosis in HeLa cells. Production and release of HIV-1 antigen in the form of pseudovirions was enhanced in both duration and magnitude by this vector modification. The addition of immunomodulatory genes to attenuated poxviruses represents a novel strategy for enhancing antigen production by live vector HIV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-2581, USA
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18
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Abstract
Eight serotypes of human astroviruses (HAstV-1 to HAstV-8) have been described. To date, the entire genomes of HAstV-1 and HAstV-2 as well as the ORF2 sequences of HAstV-1-6 and 8 have been reported. In this study, the ORF2 sequences of seventeen strains of HAstVs originating from different countries were determined, as well as the sequence ORF2 of one porcine astrovirus (PAstV) strain. Afterwards, comparison of the capsid protein precursors encoded by ORF2 of 46 strains of HAstVs, PAstV, and feline astrovirus (FAstV) was carried out. A phylogenetic tree showed eight genogroups of HAstVs that corresponded exactly to the serotypes. HAstV-3 and 7 were the most closely related, whereas HAstVs, FAstV, and PAstV segregated from each other. Compared to a PAstV, a FAstV is closer to HAstVs. Furthermore, the capsid protein precursors were divided into four regions (after amino acid residues 424, 688, and 776, respectively) based on sequence identity. Region I was the most conserved, and FAstV was very close in identity to HAstVs. Two amino acid motifs in region I were predicted to contain the common antigenic epitopes. Region II was relatively variable. Deletions and insertions were characteristic of region III, and region IV was relatively conserved. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative sequence analysis of the capsid protein precursors of eight serotypes of HAstVs as well as two animal astroviruses (FAstV and PAstV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Wang
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Huang FN, Zhang BL, Li WB, Cui X, Han ZT, Fang ZY. [Effects of free radicals and amyloid beta protein on the currents of expressed rat receptors in Xenopus oocytes]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2001; 17:109-112. [PMID: 21171390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of free radicals (FRs) and amyloid beta protein (A beta 1-40) on the functions of expressed neurotransmitter receptors (NRs) from rat brains in Xenopus oocytes. METHODS Total RNA and Messenger RNA (mRNA) was prepared from 3-month-old Wistar rat brain tissues with Promega kits and microinjected into mature Xenopus oocytes (stage V - VI) with 50 nl (50 ng) for each oocyte for receptor expression and their currents were recorded with double electrode voltage clamp technique. Superoxide anion free radicals (SAFRs) and A beta 1-40 was added 12 h, 24 h, 96 h to incubation solution before recording. RESULTS The results showed that oocytes expressed mACh, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. The current characteristics of these receptors were inward currents carried by chloride ion with their equilibrium potentials close to - 22 mV. A beta 1-40 and free radicals had a kind of inhibitory effect on the expressed GluR. When treated with 60 nmol/L A beta 1-40 over 24 h, the currents of GluR significantly decreased (25% off, P < :0.01). When oocytes were co-treated with 60 nmol/L A beta 1-40 and SAFRs over a period of 12 h, the currents of glutamate receptor significantly decreased (21% of P < 0.05), and the decreased percentage reached 52% over 24h co-treated with 60 nmol/L A beta 1-40 and SAFRs. Vitamin E had partial antagonistic effect against these effects. CONCLUSION The result suggests that A beta has a kind of inhibitory effects upon glutamate receptor, which is similar to those of free radicals. Their effects can be antagonized by vitamin E. This implies that A beta may play roles via inhibiting receptor function in pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F N Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
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20
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Abstract
Nearly full-length genomic segments 2 and a partial-length genomic segment 1 of human picobirnavirus were cloned and sequenced. The clones were derived from viruses obtained from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Atlanta, Georgia (strains 3-GA-91 and 4-GA-91) and a nonHIV-infected person from China (strain 1-CHN-97). The picobirnavirus genomic segments lacked sequence similarities with other viral sequences in GenBank and EMBL. Comparison of genomic segment 1 from a human and a rabbit picobirnavirus identified a region of 127 nucleotides with 54.7% identity. The genomic segments 2 of the 4-GA-91 and 1-CHN-97 strains had 41.4% nucleic acid identity and 30.0% amino acid similarity and contained amino acid motifs typical of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes. Reverse transcription-PCR detection assays were developed with primers targeted to the genomic segments 2 of strains 4-GA-91 or 1-CHN-97. Picobirnaviruses related to the China strain were the predominant viruses detected in stool samples from people in four countries on three continents. Picobirnaviruses were detected in samples from two outbreaks of gastroenteritis in long-term elder care facilities but were not determined to be the primary pathogen. Our findings support the view that picobirnaviruses constitute a distinct family of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Rosen
- Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Disease, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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21
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Abstract
Rotavirus gastroenteritis is an important pediatric disease in China. In a survey of rotavirus infection at two sentinel hospitals in China (Beijing Friendship Hospital and Changchun Children's Hospital), 296 cases were detected. A total of 283 (95.6%) cases of rotavirus infection occurred in children under 5 years of age. Serotype G1 (62%) was most prevalent followed by G2 (28.5%), G3 (5%) and G4 (2%). Mixed infections (n = 8, 3%) were rate, and 16 isolates (5.5%) remained non-typeable. A consistent epidemic occurred during the winter. Rotavirus was responsible for about 61.8% of diarrhea-related hospitalizations in children under 5 years of age, with a mean hospital stay of 5.6 days (1.0-21 days). The estimated rate of rotavirus-attributed hospitalizations was 16/1000 children under 5 years of age per year. Rotavirus-related death is rare in Changchun and Beijing. The present findings suggest that a rotavirus vaccine for the prevention of severe disease and a reduction of treatment costs would be of significant benefit to China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.
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22
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Ross TM, Narayan M, Fang ZY, Minella AC, Green PL. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 tax mutants that selectively abrogate NFkappaB or CREB/ATF activation fail to transform primary human T cells. J Virol 2000; 74:2655-62. [PMID: 10684280 PMCID: PMC111754 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.6.2655-2662.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) Tax protein has been implicated in the HTLV oncogenic process, primarily due to its pleiotropic effects on cellular genes involved in growth regulation and cell cycle control. To date, several approaches attempting to correlate Tax activation of the CREB/activating transcription factor (ATF) or NFkappaB/Rel transcriptional activation pathway to cellular transformation have yielded conflicting results. In this study, we use a unique HTLV-2 provirus (HTLV(c-enh)) that replicates by a Tax-independent mechanism to directly assess the role of Tax transactivation in HTLV-mediated T-lymphocyte transformation. A panel of well-characterized tax-2 mutations is utilized to correlate the respective roles of the CREB/ATF or NFkappaB/Rel signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate that viruses expressing tax-2 mutations that selectively abrogate NFkappaB/Rel or CREB/ATF activation display distinct phenotypes but ultimately fail to transform primary human T lymphocytes. One conclusion consistent with our results is that the activation of NFkappaB/Rel provides a critical proliferative signal early in the cellular transformation process, whereas CREB/ATF activation is required to promote the fully transformed state. However, complete understanding will require correlation of Tax domains important in cellular transformation to those Tax domains important in the modulation of gene transcription, cell cycle control, induction of DNA damage, and other undefined activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2363, USA
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23
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Fang ZY, Kuli-Zade I, Spearman P. Efficient human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV)-1 Gag-Env pseudovirion formation elicited from mammalian cells by a canarypox HIV vaccine candidate. J Infect Dis 1999; 180:1122-32. [PMID: 10479139 DOI: 10.1086/315028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Canarypox viruses undergo abortive replication in mammalian cells. Despite this restriction on replication in mammalian cells, significant immune responses have been shown in animals and in humans receiving recombinant canarypox vaccine vectors expressing heterologous immunogens. A recombinant canarypox vaccine candidate (vCP205), which expresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag, Env, and protease proteins, is presently under investigation in phase I and phase II human trials in the United States and elsewhere. In this study, the ability of vCP205 to elicit HIV Gag-Env pseudovirion formation in avian and mammalian cells was investigated. Gag-Env pseudovirions were produced from both avian and mammalian cell lines infected by this vaccine vector. A subset of mammalian cells was identified in which pseudovirion production and release was very efficient, surpassing the production from infected avian cells. The production of Gag-Env pseudovirions by canarypox HIV vaccine vectors may have important implications for future HIV vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2581 USA
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24
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Cao XR, Akihara S, Fang ZY, Nakagomi O, Ushijima H. Genetic variation in the VP4 and NSP4 genes of human rotavirus serotype 3 (G3 type) isolated in China and Japan. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 43:171-5. [PMID: 10229272 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1999.tb02389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sequence analyses of the VP4 and NSP4 genes were performed on twenty human isolates of serotype G3 rotavirus obtained from China and Japan. One isolate from China, CHW17, possessed P[4] genotype VP4 and KUN group NSP4 genes which are associated with G2. One isolate (02/92) from Japan, which was shown to have a wider spacing between RNA segments 10 and 11 by RNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis like AU-1, possessed P[9] genotype VP4 and AU-1 group NSP4 genes. The other isolates had P[8] genotype VP4 and Wa group NSP4 genes. While the nucleotide sequence conservation among the G3 VP7 genes was more than 79% (Wen et al, Arch. Virol., 1997, 142: 1481-1489), the conservation of VP4 and NSP4 genes in the same genotypes or groups was more than 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- X R Cao
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Adhikary AK, Zhou Y, Kakizawa J, Numaga J, Akihara S, Fang ZY, Ushijima H. Distribution of rotavirus VP4 genotype and VP7 serotype among Chinese children. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1998; 40:641-3. [PMID: 9893308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb02008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Adhikary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, China
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26
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Abstract
A mutational analysis of human T-cell leukemia virus type 2 (HTLV-2) Tax (Tax-2) was performed to identify regions within Tax-2 important for activation of promoters through the CREB/ATF or NF-kappaB/Rel signaling pathway. Tax-2 mutations within the putative zinc-binding region as well as mutations at the carboxy terminus disrupted CREB/ATF transactivation. A single mutation within the central proline-rich region of Tax-2 disrupted the transactivation of the NF-kappaB/Rel pathway. Surprisingly, this mutation, which is thought to be in a separate activation domain, was suppressed by mutations within or around the putative zinc-binding region, suggesting an interaction between these two regions. These analyses indicate that the functional regions or domains important for transactivation through the CREB/ATF or NF-kappaB/Rel signaling pathway are similar, but not identical, in Tax-1 and Tax-2. Identification of these distinct Tax-2 mutants should facilitate comparative biological studies of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 and ultimately lead to the determination of the functional importance of Tax trans-acting capacities in T-lymphocyte transformation by HTLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2363, USA
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27
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Fang ZY, Fontaine J. Vasodilative properties of BPDZ 79, a new potassium channel opener, in isolated aorta. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1997; 18:101-4. [PMID: 10072956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of a novel potassium channel opener 3-(1',2',2'-trimethylpropyl)amine-4H-pyrido (2,3-e)-1,2,4-thiadiazine, 1-dioxide (BPDZ 79), with diazoxide on aorta. METHODS Muscle tension of rat aorta was compared with adjacent aortic rings without endothelium. One ring was precontracted with KCl 80 mmol.L-1. Three rings were precontracted with KCl 80 mmol.L-1, and two of them were incubated with glibenclamide (0, 1, and 10 mumol.L-1). 86Rb outflow from rat aorta was measured in the presence of glibenclamide 10 mumol.L-1. RESULTS BPDZ 79 and diazoxide provoked concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation of the vasoconstriction evoked by KCl 30 mmol.L-1, but not by 80 mmol.L-1. BPDZ 79 showed more potent vasorelaxation and 86Rb outflow than diazoxide. After incubation with glibenclamide (1 and 10 mumol.L-1), an inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels, the relaxation induced by BPDZ 79 and diazoxide were decreased with the same pattern. CONCLUSION BPDZ 79 is a potent vasodilator by opening potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Universite Libre de Bruxells, Belgium
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28
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine whether selenium supplementation, an important component of glutathione peroxidase, might attenuate cyclosporin (Cx)-induced vascular toxicity. METHODS Four groups of rats were treated in parallel: the first group was supplemented with selenium (sodium selenite, 0.5 mg.kg-1) orally (p.o.) for 5 weeks and the same dose of selenium plus Cx 20 mg.kg-1 (i.m.) during the 6th week; group 2 received Cx only (20 mg.kg-1 i.m. for 1 week); group 3 was supplemented with selenium (0.5 mg.kg-1 p.o., for 6 weeks) and group 4 served as control. Thoracic aortas isolated from these various groups were studied in organ baths. RESULTS In comparison with the control group, selenium supplementation did not modify acetylcholine (Ach)- and nitroprusside-induced relaxations. In group 2, endothelium-dependent relaxations (Ach) were markedly impaired and endothelium-independent relaxations (nitroprusside) were shifted to the right; with selenium supplementation (group 1), the responses to Ach were partially restored whereas the rightward shift of the concentration-response curves to nitroprusside persisted. Incubation with superoxide dismutase (SOD, 150 IU.ml-1) or selenium (1 microgram.ml-1) (but not with selenium plus an inhibitor of the glutathione redox cycle) improved the relaxations to Ach in group 2. CONCLUSIONS The vascular toxicity of Cx seems related to generation of oxygen-derived radicals promoting EDRF destruction and is attenuated by selenium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berkenboom
- Cardiology Department, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Wen L, Nakayama M, Yamanishi Y, Nishio O, Fang ZY, Nakagomi O, Araki K, Nishimura S, Hasegawa A, Müller WE, Ushijima H. Genetic variation in the VP7 gene of human rotavirus serotype 3 (G3 type) isolated in China and Japan. Arch Virol 1997; 142:1481-9. [PMID: 9267457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene was performed on twenty-one human isolates of serotype 3 related-rotavirus in China and Japan. The five Chinese isolates were found to be not similar to the 16 Japanese isolates and to SA11 (simian rotavirus). The Chinese isolates, especially CHW2 and CH-32, were different from the major serotype 3 human isolates. AU-1 and 02/92 which previously showed a wider spacing between RNA segments 10 and 11 by RNA polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis, were more closely related to each other and could be differentiated from the other Chinese and Japanese isolates. For these reasons, serotype 3 viruses were considered to be intraserotypically more heterologous than serotype 1, 2 and 4 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Fang ZY, Li YF, Zhang LL, Liu DJ, Li YQ. Endothelium-dependent effect of perindopril and enalaprilat in rat thoracic aorta. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1996; 17:519-23. [PMID: 9863146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors perindopril (Per) and enalaprilat (Ena) on the reactivity of the endothelium in normal rats. METHODS Male rats were treated intragastrically with Per (2 mg.kg-1.d-1) or placebo (n = 18) for 6 wk. Aorta was isolated for experiment. Another set of isolated aortic rings with and without endothelium were incubated with Ena (0.1 mumol.L-1) for 30 min. Responses to acetylcholine, serotonin, phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside (SN), and nitroglycerin (Nit) were observed. RESULTS Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was augmented in aortic rings from rats treated with Per in comparison with control. The IC50 value (95% confidence limits) decreased from 3.8 (0.56-26.1) mumol.L-1 (control group) to 0.98 (0.28-3.41) mumol.L-1 (Per-treated group). The maximal relaxation was augmented from 62 +/- 9% to 78 +/- 10% (P < 0.01). However, the responses to the endothelium-independent vasodilators, SN and Nit, were similar. Serotonin- and phenylephrine-induced contractions were decreased, which were influenced by basal release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). EC50 values was 6.1 (2.6-14.4) nmol.L-1 vs 8.3 (3.6-18.8) nmol.L-1 in comparison with control group and Per-treated group. The maximal contraction was decreased from 2.42 +/- 0.29 g (control group) to 1.96 +/- 0.25 g (treated group) (P < 0.01). Similar results were found in incubation with Ena. CONCLUSION Ena and Per enhanced the basic release of EDRF from vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Shanxi Cardiovascular Institute, Taiyuan, China
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31
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Jiang B, Tsunemitsu H, Dennehy PH, Oishi I, Brown D, Schnagl RD, Oseto M, Fang ZY, Avendano LF, Saif LJ, Glass RI. Sequence conservation and expression of the gene encoding the outer capsid glycoprotein among human group C rotaviruses of global distribution. Arch Virol 1996; 141:381-90. [PMID: 8634028 DOI: 10.1007/bf01718407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Group C rotaviruses have been identified recently from fecal samples of children with diarrhea in the United States. Using reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis, we sequenced gene 8s encoding VP7 from two U.S. strains (RI-1 and RI-2), and eight other strains isolated from patients on four continents, and compared these with the sequences of four published strains. The gene 8s of the 14 strains were remarkably conserved in size and in predicted primary and secondary structures. When the sequences of the human VP7s were compared with that of the prototype porcine Cowden strain, six regions were found variable in both deduced primary and predicted secondary structures, four of which were predicted to be hydrophilic and might determine serotype specificity. Gene 8 of the human S-1 strain was further characterized by expression in recombinant baculoviruses. The expressed product was immunogenic but failed to elicit neutralizing antibodies. Our sequence analysis indicates that all the human strains characterized to date belong to a single G genotype, which may constitute a single G serotype, pending further antigenic analysis. Whether the human strains and the Cowden strain are the same serotype remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jiang
- Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Wen L, Ushijima H, Kakizawa J, Fang ZY, Nishio O, Morikawa S, Motohiro T. Genetic variation in VP7 gene of human rotavirus serotype 2 (G2 type) isolated in Japan, China, and Pakistan. Microbiol Immunol 1995; 39:911-15. [PMID: 8657020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb03277.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the gene encoding the major neutralization glycoprotein (VP7) was performed on sixteen human isolates of serotype 2 of rotavirus in Japan, China, and Pakistan and their genetic variations were examined. Comparative studies of their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between the sixteen isolates and the HU5 strain revealed an overall homology of more than 94%. A higher degree of homology in nucleotides was observed among the sixteen isolates than between HU5 and the isolates. A total of thirteen amino acid residues frequently converted to another amino acid. Out of the thirteen, five amino acid residues belonging to the major neutralizing epitope regions (C, E, and F in this communication) converted frequently. From the amino acid sequences three subtypes, subtype 1, subtype 2, and intermediate, were suggested to be classified as previously reported for serotype 1 (Xin et al, Virology, 1993, 197: 813-816).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wen
- Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
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Eiden JJ, Mouzinho A, Lindsay DA, Glass RI, Fang ZY, Taylor JL. Serum antibody response to recombinant major inner capsid protein following human infection with group B rotavirus. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:1599-603. [PMID: 8077413 PMCID: PMC264049 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.6.1599-1603.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant major inner capsid protein (VP6) of the IDIR strain of group B rotavirus (GBR) was incorporated in a solid-phase immunoassay to access antibody response to infection in humans. Expression of VP6 in insect cells permitted design of a highly sensitive assay that avoided the contaminants present in GBR antigens obtained from fecal specimens. Among patients infected with the ADRV strain of GBR in China, increased reactivity with recombinant VP6 was observed in convalescent-phase sera in comparison with sera obtained shortly after infection (P = 0.0084). Anti-VP6 antibodies were detectable as soon as 7 days after onset of gastrointestinal symptoms, and serum reactivity persisted in specimens drawn more than 1 year after infection. Solid-phase immunoassay with recombinant VP6 was next employed in order to assess anti-GBR antibody in 513 serum specimens obtained from 423 Maryland residents (ages, 7 months to 96 years; median age, 42 years). Four individuals (< 1%) exhibited serum antibodies directed against the recombinant VP6 (ages, 54 to 95 years; mean age, 77 years). Examination of 129 additional serum specimens including some from other geographic regions of the United States failed to reveal the presence of anti-GBR antibody. Anti-GBR antibody was also not detected in any of 131 serum specimens from 60 staff and residents of a nursing home in Switzerland. While infection of humans with GBR has been uncommon in these locations outside of China, the detection of serum antibodies in older individuals in the United States either indicated an unknown, age-related risk factor or may have indicated infection in the more distant past. The availability of these reagents should allow surveys for GBR infection among additional populations that have not previously been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Eiden
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins, University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Xin KQ, Morikawa S, Fang ZY, Mukoyama A, Okuda K, Ushijima H. Genetic variation in VP7 gene of human rotavirus serotype 1 (G1 type) isolated in Japan and China. Virology 1993; 197:813-6. [PMID: 8249305 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1993.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of the gene encoding the major neutralization glycoprotein (VP7) was performed on 12 human isolates of serotype 1 of rotavirus in Japan and China. They were examined for genetic variations among serotype 1 isolates. Comparative studies of their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences between the 12 isolates and the Wa strain revealed an overall homology of more than 92 and 96%, respectively. Higher degrees of homologies were observed between Wa and 2 strains (K1 and K2) in Tokyo, 1979-1980, than between Wa and recent isolated strains in Tokyo and in China. In our isolates, a total of 16 amino acid residues frequently converted to another amino acid. Six amino acid residues belonging to the major neutralizing epitope regions (B, D, and E in this communication) frequently converted. From these data three subtypes (subtypes A, B, and intermediate) were suggested to be divided. Whether these differences are an important mechanism in the epidemiology of rotaviruses requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Q Xin
- National Institute of Health, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Abstract
Poliomyelitis remains an important public health problem in China. Most cases and outbreaks are associated with wild type 1 polioviruses. To obtain an overview of type 1 poliovirus transmission in China, partial genomic sequences were compared for 24 case isolates from 12 provinces. Because polioviruses evolve rapidly during infection of humans, the genetic relationships among isolates provide a measure of the extent of epidemiologic linkage among cases. The observed genetic relationships were complex: six different genotypes, apparently derived from five separate endemic origins, were found. One genotype was recombinant, having noncapsid sequences derived from the Sabin type 1 vaccine strain and capsid sequences derived from a genotype indigenous to several northern and eastern provinces. Some isolates from geographically separate provinces were closely related; other isolates were related to wild polioviruses found in neighboring countries. The combination of epidemiologic and virologic analyses may facilitate the development of more effective strategies for poliomyelitis eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Anti-Epidemic Station, Nanchang, China
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36
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Fang ZY. [Diagnosis of breast cancer by computed infrared light scan]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1992; 14:301-3. [PMID: 1396081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and eleven patients with various pathologically proved breast diseases were examined by computed infrared light scan (ILS). The results were compared with those of palpation and X-ray mammography. The correct rate in 50 cancers was 90%, significantly superior to that of X-ray (70%, P less than 0.05). The lower diagnostic rate of X-ray may have been due to higher percentage of younger patients (30-40 years of age) who had higher density in the breast in this group. The criteria of diagnosis of cancers by ILS on the video monitor were: 1. The shadow of the mass- the lower grade of gray-shade implied the possibility of malignancy, and 2. Pattern of the blood vessels around the mass-increase in number, diameter, distortion, a zigzag course or disappearance of blood vasculature suggested malignancy. ILS is considered simple, non-invasive, easy to operate and reliable in the detection of breast cancers.
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37
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Abstract
Diazoxide provoked concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations of the mechanical responses evoked by low concentrations of KCl. Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and tetraethylammonium shifted the concentration-response curve for diazoxide to the right. The drug also caused a dose-dependent stimulation of 86Rb outflow which was inhibited by glibenclamide and tolbutamide. Diazoxide (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) inhibited the contractions elicited by 10(-1) M K+ and provoked a concentration-dependent reduction in the contractile responses to Ca2+. Diazoxide also reduced the KCl (8 x 10(-2) M)-induced increase in 45Ca outflow. These data indicate that the vasorelaxant properties of diazoxide are probably related to an inhibition of Ca2+ entry into smooth muscle cells. The reduction in Ca2+ entry appears to result from K+ channel activation. At high concentrations, diazoxide also exhibited antagonistic actions on voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Antoine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Brussels Free University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Belgium
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38
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Fang ZY, Monroe SS, Dong H, Penaranda M, Wen L, Gouvea V, Allen JR, Hung T, Glass RI. Coding assignments of the genome of adult diarrhea rotavirus. Arch Virol 1992; 125:53-69. [PMID: 1322659 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) has caused epidemics of diarrhea in China since 1982 and remains the only group B rotavirus associated with widespread disease in humans. We recently characterized the proteins of ADRV and have now proceeded to identify the gene segments encoding each protein. Viral RNA transcripts were synthesized in vitro with the endogenous viral RNA polymerase and separated by electrophoresis in agarose. The individual transcripts were translated in a cell-free system using nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The translation products were compared with polypeptides found in purified virus and were characterized by SDS-PAGE, immunoprecipitation, and Western blot analysis using antisera to double- and single-shelled virions, virus cores, and monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, individual RNA transcripts were hybridized to total dsRNA to determine their genomic origin. Based on this analysis, the core polypeptides VP1, VP2 and VP3 are encoded by segments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The main polypeptides in the inner capsid, VP6, and the outer capsid, VP4 and VP7, are encoded by segments 6, 4, and 8 respectively. Segments 5, 7, and 9 code for 60, 45, and 30 kDa nonstructural polypeptides. Two other nonstructural polypeptides (24 and 25 kDa) are derived from gene segment 11. Gene segment 10 codes for a 26 kDa polypeptide that is precipitated with serum to ADRV and may be a structural protein VP9. With this exception, gene coding assignments of ADRV are comparable to those of the group A rotaviruses. Our results have clear implications for further work in cloning, sequencing, and expression genes of ADRV and can provide direction towards understanding the origin and the evolution of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia
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39
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Fang ZY, Picart N, Abramowicz M, Unger P, Narracci P, Sobolski J, Berkenboom G, Scheldewaert R, Degré S. Intravenous diltiazem versus nitroglycerin for silent and symptomatic myocardial ischemia in unstable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:42C-46C. [PMID: 1951102 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
For 18 patients consecutively admitted to the coronary care unit for unstable angina, 48-hour electrocardiographic Holter monitoring was performed after they were randomly assigned in a single-blind fashion to 1 of 2 treatment groups. The first group was treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and intravenous nitroglycerin, the second with ASA and intravenous diltiazem. All of the patients treated with nitroglycerin still had ischemic episodes after 48 hours (33% were symptomatic), in contrast with 11% of the diltiazem group (11% asymptomatic). Maximal ST-segment depressions of symptomatic and asymptomatic episodes were significantly different; and no significant increases in heart rate were observed either during the 15 seconds before ischemia began or during the ischemic episode. During the 48 hours, the diltiazem group had significantly fewer ischemic episodes (17) than did the nitroglycerin group (145). We concluded that "on-line" ST-segment observation is of prime importance for monitoring unstable angina; that the majority of the ischemic episodes associated with unstable angina are silent; and that intravenous diltiazem could be an effective pretreatment for patients who must undergo mechanical or surgical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Hôpital Académique Erasme, Belgium
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40
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Abstract
To determine whether an in vivo treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX) can prevent the vascular toxicity of cyclosporine A (Cx), three groups of rats were studied in parallel. The first group received daily injections of Cx (20 mg/kg intramuscularly) and pentoxifylline (80 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 7 days, the second group was treated with Cx only, and the third group served as control (vehicle treatment). Cx serum levels were similar in groups 1 and 2. In thoracic aortic rings isolated from Cx group (group 2), the concentration-response curves to phenylephrine were potentiated: there was a significant leftward shift (p less than 0.001 vs. control) in the EC50 values and an increase in the maximal responses (p less than 0.05). After mechanical removal of the endothelium or inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor formation (incubation with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, L-NMMA), this enhanced responsiveness to phenylephrine persisted. In preparations from the same group (group 2), the endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine (ACh) were decreased whereas the endothelium-independent relaxations to nitroprusside (NTP 0.01-10 nM) and forskolin (1 nM) were slightly attenuated but without changes in the maximal response. In the group cotreated with Cx and PTX (group 1), the responses to ACh, NTP, and forskolin were not different from controls whereas the greater responsiveness to phenylephrine was only partially attenuated. In vivo cotreatment with PTX may prevent the endothelial dysfunction and the functional changes in smooth muscle cells induced by Cx.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berkenboom
- Department of Cardiology, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Fang ZY, Fontaine J, Unger P, Berkenboom G. Alterations of the endothelial function of isolated aortae in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1991; 311:122-30. [PMID: 1789710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant arthritis was induced in 30 male Wistar rats by injection into the tail of heat-killed Mycobacterium butyricum. Three weeks later, 14 of these rats exhibited severe arthritic lesions. Their thoracic aortae were studied in parallel with those isolated from a control group. On rings precontracted with phenylephrine (0.1 microM), the endothelium-dependent relaxations produced by acetylcholine and histamine were significantly diminished in the arthritic group as compared to the control group. Moreover, the increase in tone induced by incubation with methylene blue (10 microM) (a nonspecific inhibitor of endothelium-derived relaxing factor) was significantly less pronounced in preparations isolated from the arthritic group. On the other hand, relaxations produced by the endothelium-independent vasodilators verapamil and nitroprusside were similar in both groups. It is concluded that adjuvant arthritis modifies the endothelium-derived relaxing factor-mediated responses of rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Cardiology Department, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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42
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Gouvea V, Allen JR, Glass RI, Fang ZY, Bremont M, Cohen J, McCrae MA, Saif LJ, Sinarachatanant P, Caul EO. Detection of group B and C rotaviruses by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29:519-23. [PMID: 1645368 PMCID: PMC269811 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.3.519-523.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We adapted the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the noncultivatable group B and C rotaviruses and introduced a simple and convenient technique to purify viral RNA from stool specimens. Double-stranded RNA present in stool extracts was purified by adsorption to hydroxyapatite and was used as the template for reverse transcription and polymerase amplification. Primer pairs specific for group B (gene 8) and group C (gene 6) rotaviruses were selected to amplify group-characteristic sizes of cDNA copies readily identifiable in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. These primer pairs were used separately in individual PCR assays or were pooled with a primer pair specific for group A rotavirus (gene 9) in a combined PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of all three rotavirus groups. The method was very sensitive and was used to identify both human and porcine strains of group B and C rotaviruses in stool specimens. A second PCR amplification with internal group-specific primers served to increase further the sensitivity of the test and to confirm the diagnostic results obtained in the first amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gouvea
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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43
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Abstract
Experiments were performed with isolated rat aortas to study the vasoactive properties of pentoxifylline, a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, which is used as a hemorheologic agent in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. In rings precontracted with phenylephrine (0.1 microM), pentoxifylline (10 nM-10 microM) induced concentration-dependent relaxations which were not modified after incubation with indomethacin (3 microM) but which were almost completely abolished after incubation with methylene blue (10 microM) or after mechanical removal of the endothelium. After incubation with pentoxifylline (10 microM) for 30 min, the concentration-response curves for endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were shifted to the left and the serotonin-induced contractions were decreased, while the relaxations to forskolin, which are endothelium-independent and cyclic AMP-mediated, were not altered. We conclude that pentoxifylline exerts vasoactive effects that are mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), and that pentoxifylline has negligible endothelium-independent vasodilating properties. These properties of inducing or potentiating EDRF-mediated effects might contribute to the efficacy of pentoxifylline in the treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berkenboom
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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44
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Fontaine J, Fang ZY, Berkenboom G, Famaey JP. Effects of auranofin on endothelium dependent contractions in isolated rat aorta. Agents Actions Suppl 1991; 32:83-7. [PMID: 2069099 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7405-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Auranofin (10(-6) and 10(-5)M) reduces the acetylcholine induced relaxation in the isolated rat aorta. Contractions induced by phenylephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine are enhanced by auranofin 10(-6)M only when endothelium is present. At higher concentration (10(-5)M), it antagonizes the agonist-induced contractions either in the presence or absence of endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fontaine
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Erasmus Hospital, Belgium
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45
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Abstract
SIN1 (the active metabolite of molsidomine), nitroglycerin, and endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) produce vasodilation by activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Therefore, prolonged exposure to SIN1 might affect not only the responses to SIN1 itself and to nitroglycerin but also to EDRF. In vivo treatment of rats consisted of subcutaneous injections of either SIN1 (60 mg/kg) for the treated group or placebo for the control group, twice daily for 3 days. Thoracic aortas from the treated group were threefold and sixfold less sensitive to nitroglycerin and SIN1, respectively. The endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine were, nevertheless, similar in both groups. Moreover, the concentration-response curves to phenylephrine, which are known to be modulated by the endothelium, were similar in both groups. In addition, incubation with methylene blue (10 microM for 30 min), which blocks the vasodilator action of EDRF, potentiated in the same way the contractions to this alpha-adrenergic agonist. The increase in resting tone induced by methylene blue incubation was also equivalent in the two groups. The present results show that SIN1 treatment for several days in rats is associated with slight tolerance development not only to SIN1 itself but also to nitroglycerin, while the endothelial function remains operative. We conclude that the mechanisms involved in the activation of guanylate cyclase by SIN1 and nitroglycerin are probably different than those of EDRF-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berkenboom
- Cardiology Department, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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46
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Gouvea V, Glass RI, Woods P, Taniguchi K, Clark HF, Forrester B, Fang ZY. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:276-82. [PMID: 2155916 PMCID: PMC269590 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.2.276-282.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1165] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rotavirus gene segment coding for the major outer capsid glycoprotein vp7 was amplified directly from stool specimens by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Double-stranded RNA extracted from stool samples was used as the template for reverse transcription, which was followed immediately and in the same reaction mix with amplification, using the Taq polymerase. Various conditions were examined to optimize the yield of the amplified gene. The concentrations of MgCl2, dimethyl sulfoxide, and template RNA were critical. The choice of primer pairs allowed amplification of the entire segment or specific portions. By using type-specific primers derived from distinct regions on the gene, we devised a PCR typing method in which each human serotype virus produced a characteristic segment size, readily identifiable in agarose gels. The PCR typing method was applied to 10 rotavirus reference strains, including all 6 known human serotypes (serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 9), and to 34 stool specimens previously serotyped by an enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies. An absolute correlation was found between the molecular and serologic methods. In addition, 14 stool specimens nonserotypable by an enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies could be typed by the PCR method. Besides the application for rotavirus detection and typing directly from stools, the PCR method provides a rapid and efficient means of obtaining large quantities of cDNA suitable for sequencing, cloning, and other genetic studies, precluding the need for cell culture and virus purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gouvea
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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47
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Lebrun P, Fang ZY, Antoine MH, Herchuelz A, Hermann M, Berkenboom G, Fontaine J. Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas antagonize the effects of cromakalim and pinacidil on 86Rb fluxes and contractile activity in the rat aorta. Pharmacology 1990; 41:36-48. [PMID: 2122482 DOI: 10.1159/000138697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cromakalim, pinacidil and nitroprusside provoked concentration-dependent relaxations of K(+)-depolarized rat aortae. Glibenclamide, tolbutamide and to a lesser extent tetraethylammonium antagonized the vasorelaxant action of cromakalim and pinacidil. Cromakalim, pinacidil but not nitroprusside elicited a marked increase in 86Rb outflow from preloaded and perifused aortic rings. These increases in 86Rb outflow were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by glibenclamide and tetraethylammonium. Our data extend previous observations indicating the involvement of K+ channels in the vasorelaxant properties of cromakalim and pinacidil. Moreover, the present findings suggest that both compounds could interfere with a vascular type of ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lebrun
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Brussels Free University, Belgium
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48
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Fang ZY, Ye Q, Ho MS, Dong H, Qing S, Penaranda ME, Hung T, Wen L, Glass RI. Investigation of an outbreak of adult diarrhea rotavirus in China. J Infect Dis 1989; 160:948-53. [PMID: 2555422 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/160.6.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1987 an epidemic of diarrhea associated with adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) occurred in Qinhuangdao City, China, affecting more than 200 persons and causing 2 deaths. The outbreak was introduced by a person returning from an epidemic area and was spread initially to his family members and subsequently to the entire community. Adults were at greater risk of diarrhea than children 0-4 y of age and, the duration of illness increased significantly with increasing age. ADRV was identified by ELISA and electron microscopy. The electropherotypes of all positive specimens were identical, consistent with the single point-source introduction of the virus. Seroconversion was detected in 6 of 7 ill persons with a blocking ELISA. Both asymptomatic infection and person-to-person spread identified in this epidemic suggest that current emphasis on preventing waterborne transmission may not control the introduction of ADRV into new areas. The predisposition of adults for more severe disease with ADRV is similar to the pattern observed with other enteric viruses such as the Norwalk agent and hepatitis A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Fang
- Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, Oinhuangdao, China
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49
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Penaranda ME, Ho MS, Fang ZY, Dong H, Bai XS, Duan SC, Ye WW, Estes MK, Echeverria P, Hung T. Seroepidemiology of adult diarrhea rotavirus in China, 1977 to 1987. J Clin Microbiol 1989; 27:2180-3. [PMID: 2479654 PMCID: PMC266989 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.10.2180-2183.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1982, large outbreaks of diarrhea that were caused by group B adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) occurred throughout the People's Republic of China. Until 1982, group B rotavirus had never been associated with disease in humans. To determine whether ADRV was a new virus introduced in 1982 or had been present before that time, we examined antibody titers of ADRV in gamma globulin (pooled immunoglobulin) pools that were prepared during 1977 to 1987 in four cities in the People's Republic of China (Shanghai, Lanzhou, Wuhan, and Chandu). ADRV antibodies were assayed by using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies were present in most Chinese gamma globulins tested, including those collected in Shanghai before the 1982 epidemic, and absent from American reference pools. The highest titers of antibody to ADRV (3,200) were found in gamma globulins collected in 1983 in Shanghai just after the epidemic, and these were fourfold higher than titers present in the preceding years. The quality of the gamma globulins stored for up to 12 years was tested by measuring levels of immunoglobulin G to group A rotavirus; these were equally high in gamma globulin pools prepared in the United States and in all samples from the People's Republic of China. Serum samples from patients from an outbreak of ADRV had elevated titers to ADRV 3 and 16 months after the onset of symptoms. These findings, as well as other epidemiologic findings on ADRV, suggest that the organism is an important and continuing cause of diarrhea in the People's Republic of China, was present before the first epidemic in 1982, and represents a risk to surrounding populations in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Penaranda
- Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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50
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Berkenboom G, Unger P, Fang ZY, Degre S, Fontaine J. Comparison of responses to acetylcholine and serotonin on isolated canine and human coronary arteries. Cardiovasc Res 1989; 23:780-7. [PMID: 2482133 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/23.9.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine and human coronary arteries were studied in organ baths to compare the responses to acetylcholine and serotonin in the two species. The human coronary rings were isolated from seven patients without cardiac disease (mean age 15 years, range 7-20). In one set of experiments canine and human preparations were incubated with phentolamine, propranolol and ketanserin (all at 1 mumol.litre-1 concentration) and precontracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha 1-2 mumol.litre-1). Acetylcholine (0.1-10 mumol.litre-1) and serotonin (0.1-100 mumol.litre-1) relaxed canine preparations dose dependently, the maximum responses (expressed as % of depression of PGF2 alpha response) being 84 (SEM 6)% (n = 9) and 51(5)% (n = 6) respectively. In the same experimental conditions, acetylcholine and serotonin failed to relax the human coronary rings (n = 11) while substance P and bradykinin induced relaxations of 72(4)% (n = 11) and 66(7)% (n = 11) of PGF2 alpha response respectively. In another set of experiments, dose-contraction curves were constructed for acetylcholine or serotonin (in presence of phentolamine and propranolol). On human rings with endothelium, methylene blue (10 mumol.litre-1), a non-specific inhibitor of endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF), potentiated these dose-contraction curves: markedly for serotonin, the EC50 decreasing from 1.2(0.2) to 0.22(0.08) mumol.litre-1 (n = 11, p less than 0.01) with a significant increase in the maximal response); and slightly for acetylcholine, EC50 decreasing from 0.84(0.11) to 0.40(0.13) mumol.litre-1 (n = 10, p less than 0.05) without significant change in the maximal response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Berkenboom
- Cardiology Department, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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