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Tyler SE, Tyler LD. Pathways to healing: Plants with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:210-234. [PMID: 36880056 PMCID: PMC9984566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the greatest challenges in medicine are the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which remain without a cure and mostly progress to death. A companion study employed a toolkit methodology to document 2001 plant species with ethnomedicinal uses for alleviating pathologies relevant to NDs, focusing on its relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to find plants with therapeutic bioactivities for a range of NDs. 1339 of the 2001 plant species were found to have a bioactivity from the literature of therapeutic relevance to NDs such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, AD, motor neurone diseases, multiple sclerosis, prion diseases, Neimann-Pick disease, glaucoma, Friedreich's ataxia and Batten disease. 43 types of bioactivities were found, such as reducing protein misfolding, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, and promoting neurogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, longevity, and anti-microbial activity. Ethno-led plant selection was more effective than random selection of plant species. Our findings indicate that ethnomedicinal plants provide a large resource of ND therapeutic potential. The extensive range of bioactivities validate the usefulness of the toolkit methodology in the mining of this data. We found that a number of the documented plants are able to modulate molecular mechanisms underlying various key ND pathologies, revealing a promising and even profound capacity to halt and reverse the processes of neurodegeneration.
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Key Words
- A-H, Alpers-Huttenlocher syndrome
- AD, Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- C. elegans,, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CMT, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
- CS, Cockayne syndrome
- Ech A, Echinochrome A
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- FRDA, Friedreich’s ataxia
- FTD, Frontotemporal dementia
- HD, Huntington’s disease
- Hsp, Heat shock protein
- LSD, Lysosomal storage diseases
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- MSA, Multiple system atrophy
- MSP, Multisystem proteinopathy
- Medicinal plant
- ND, neurodegenerative disease
- NPC, Neimann-Pick disease type C
- NSC, neural stem cells
- Neuro-inflammation
- Neurodegeneration
- Neurogenesis
- PC, pharmacological chaperone
- PD, Parkinson’s disease
- Protein misfolding
- SMA, Spinal muscular atrophy
- VD, Vascular dementia
- prion dis, prion diseases
- α-syn, alpha-synuclein
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E.B. Tyler
- John Ray Research Field Station, Cheshire, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | - Luke D.K. Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, United Kingdom
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Meijer N, Van Raamsdonk LW, Gerrits EW, Appel MJ. The use of animal by-products in a circular bioeconomy: Time for a TSE road map 3? Heliyon 2023; 9:e14021. [PMID: 36942230 PMCID: PMC10023914 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2005 and 2010, the European Commission (EC) published two subsequent 'Road Maps' to provide options for relaxation of the bans on the application of animal proteins in feed. Since then, the food production system has changed considerably and demands for more sustainability and circularity are growing louder. Many relaxations envisioned in the second Road Map have by now been implemented, such as the use of processed animal proteins (PAPs) from poultry in pig feed and vice versa. However, some legislative changes, in particular concerning insects, had not been foreseen. In this article, we present a new vision on legislation for increased and improved use of animal by-products. Six current legislative principles are discussed for the bans on animal by-products as feed ingredients: feed bans; categorization of farmed animals; prohibition unless explicitly approved; approved processing techniques, the categorization of animal by-products, and monitoring methods. We provide a proposal for new guiding principles and future directions, and several concrete options for further relaxations. We argue that biological nature of farmed animals in terms of dietary preferences should be better recognised, that legal zero-tolerance limits should be expanded if safe, and that legislation should be revised and simplified.
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Key Words
- Animal proteins
- BSE, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- EU, European Union
- EURL, European Reference Laboratory for Animal Proteins
- Legislation
- PAP, Processed Animal Protein
- PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction
- QRA, Quantitative Risk Assessment
- Sustainability
- TSE
- TSE, Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy
- WOAH, World Organization for Animal Health
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Kai H, Teruya K, Takeuchi A, Nakamura Y, Mizusawa H, Yamada M, Kitamoto T. Preventive or promotive effects of PRNP polymorphic heterozygosity on the onset of prion disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13974. [PMID: 36915552 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymorphic heterozygosity of PRNP at codon 129 or 219 prevents the onset of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). We investigated the association between polymorphic genotypes at codon 129 or 219 and comprehensive prion disease onset using non-CJD as a reference. EK heterozygotes at codon 219, versus EE homozygotes, showed a preventive effect on the extensive prion diseases-sCJD, genetic CJD (gCJD) with V180I or M232R mutation, and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease with P102L mutation. No preventive effect was observed for E200K-gCJD and dura-grafted CJD (dCJD) in 129 MV and 219 EK heterozygotes. It was suggested that unlike other prion diseases, E200K-gCJD may not benefit from the preventive effect of 219 EK heterozygosity because complementary electrostatic interactions between PrP molecules at K200 and E219 might make homodimer formation easier. Comparison of sCJD and dCJD indicates that 219 EK heterozygosity strongly inhibits de novo synthesis of PrPSc (initial PrPSc formation), but does not inhibit accelerated propagation of existing PrPSc.
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Zeng WG, Liao WM, Hu J, Chen SF, Wang Z. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome mimicking herpes simplex encephalitis: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:2428-2431. [PMID: 35601382 PMCID: PMC9118100 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome presents with the features of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), which is rare and has been described in only a few case reports. Our case describes a 17-year-old female with no significant previous medical history presenting with an acute onset of fever, headache, and epilepsy, similar to HSE. Computed tomography of the brain showed bilateral basal ganglia calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated gyriform restricted diffusion with T2-weighted images prolongation. Further investigation showed elevated blood lactate concentration at rest. Hence, MELAS was suspected and the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of a nucleotide 3243 A→G mutation in the mitochondrial DNA. The clinical presentation and imaging studies of MELAS are variable and may mimic those of HSE. Infection may have also precipitated MELAS manifestation in this patient. Laboratory features, such as elevated lactate, basal ganglia calcification, and gyriform restricted diffusion may be helpful in identifying patients with MELAS.
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Key Words
- ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient
- Basal ganglia calcification
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- CT, computed tomography
- Case report
- CoQ10, coenzyme 10
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DWI, diffusion weighted imaging
- FLAIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery
- HS-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
- HSE, herpes simplex encephalitis
- Herpes simplex encephalitis
- MELAS
- MELAS, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- MRA, magnetic resonance angiography
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NGS, next-generation sequencing
- NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate
- Next-generation sequencing
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- T1WI, T1-weighted image
- T2WI, T2-weighted image
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Gao Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Wan-Min Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jue Hu
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Fen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changsha Central Hospital, Yuhua District, Changsha, China
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Kim D. Exploratory study on the spatial relationship between emerging infectious diseases and urban characteristics: Cases from Korea. Sustain Cities Soc 2021; 66:102672. [PMID: 33520608 PMCID: PMC7828747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In the modern global context of interconnected populations, the recent emergence of infectious diseases involves complex interactions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial correlations between urban characteristics, taking into account the socio-ecological aspects, and the emergence of infectious diseases. Using exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial regression between the infectious disease emergence data and 14 urban characteristics, we analyzed 225 spatial units in South Korea, where there was a re-emergence of measles and a 2015 outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. As results of exploratory spatial data analysis, the emerging infectious diseases had spatial dependence and showed spatial clusters. Spatial regression models showed that urban characteristic factors had different effects according to the type of infectious disease. Common factors were characteristics related to low socioeconomic status in water or food-borne diseases and manageable infectious diseases. Intermittent infections disease epidemics are related to high-quality residential environments and the response capacity of the local government. New infectious diseases are different than other infectious diseases, which are related to the ecological environment. This study suggests spatial policies for preventing infectious diseases considering the spatial relationships between urban characteristics and infectious diseases as well as the management of public health.
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Key Words
- AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CRE, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
- Disease prevention
- EID, emerging infectious diseases
- Exploratory spatial data analysis
- HFRS, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
- HH, High-High
- HL, High-Low
- Infectious diseases
- LH, Low-High
- LISA, Local Indicators of Spatial Association
- LL, Low-Low
- MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
- MOHW, Ministry of Health and Welfare
- MRPA, multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa
- MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
- SFTS, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
- Social-ecology
- Urbanization
- VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci
- VRSA, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Koksel Y, Benson J, Huang H, Gencturk M, McKinney AM. Review of diffuse cortical injury on diffusion-weighted imaging in acutely encephalopathic patients with an acronym: "CRUMPLED". Eur J Radiol Open 2018; 5:194-201. [PMID: 30456218 PMCID: PMC6231053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute encephalopathic syndromes can present a diagnostic challenge due to the wide range of possible etiologies, which also can have vastly different outcomes. The presence of diffuse cortical injury (DCI) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can help narrow the differential diagnosis. The aim of this review is to categorize the range of possible etiologies of DCI into a useful acronym, "CRUMPLED". Methods A review of the PACS system was completed to find a characteristic example of patients with DCI on DWI from different etiologies. The diagnosis was confirmed for each example via a subsequent review of the electronic medical record used to assess for data such as biopsy results, laboratory values, and clinical correlation. The electronic exhibit intends to demonstrate several sample cases of each letter within the acronym, and to demonstrate which types of DCI are potentially reversible or irreversible. Findings/Discussion The possible etiologies of DCI on DWI can be organized using the acronym "CRUMPLED": 'C' = Creutzfeldt-jakob disease, 'R' = reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; 'U' = urea cycle disorders (hyperammonemia) and Uremia; 'M' = mitochondrial (cytopathy/encephalopathy); 'P' = prolonged seizure and posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES); 'L' = laminar necrosis (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy) and liver disease (acute hepatic encephalopathy); 'E' = encephalitis (infectious meningoencephalitis); 'D' = diabetes mellitus (hypoglycemia). Other secondary imaging findings (outside of DWI) can be used to help differentiate between the aforementioned etiologies, such as the use of ADC maps, FLAIR imaging, intravenous contrast. Conclusion "CRUMPLED" is proposed as a convenient acronym for the categorization of a diverse range of acute etiologies associated with DCI on DWI, arising from varying degrees of cytotoxic edema. These etiologies can range from being potentially reversible (e.g. hyperammonemia or prolonged seizures) to irreversible (e.g. hypoxic-ischemic injury).
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Key Words
- AHE, Acute Hepatic/Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy
- Acute encephalopathy
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- DCI, Diffuse cortical injury
- DWI
- Diffuse cortical injury
- MELAS, mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- PRES, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
- RCVS, Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
- UCD, Urea cycle disorders
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Koksel
- Corresponding author at: Dept. of Radiology, Mayo Building, Univ. of MN, 420 Delaware St. SE, 55418, USA.
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Abstract
Despite major efforts devoted to understanding the phenomenon of prion transmissibility, it is still poorly understood how this property is encoded in the amino acid sequence. In recent years, experimental data on yeast prion domains allow to start at least partially decrypting the sequence requirements of prion formation. These experiments illustrate the need for intrinsically disordered sequence regions enriched with a particularly high proportion of glutamine and asparagine. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that these regions strike a balance between sufficient amyloid nucleation propensity on the one hand and disorder on the other, which ensures availability of the amyloid prone regions but entropically prevents unwanted nucleation and facilitates brittleness required for propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Sabate
- a Departament de Fisicoquímica ; Facultat de Farmàcia; and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona ; Barcelona , Spain
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Lim JS, Kwon HM, Jang JW, Ju YR, Kim S, Park YH, Park SY, Kim S. Characteristics of Korean patients with suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid: Preliminary study of the Korean Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease active surveillance program. Prion 2016; 9:136-43. [PMID: 25996401 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2015.1022020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Korea had a national surveillance system for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), it was mainly dependent on attending physician's reports. Thus, little prospective data about the epidemiology, characteristics, and final diagnoses of suspected patients were available. We have established a nationwide network for the active surveillance of patients with suspected CJD. When the requested cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples tested positive for 14-3-3 protein, we investigated the clinical characteristics of the corresponding patients and followed them until their final diagnoses were confirmed. A total of 218 samples were requested for CSF assays from May 2010 to August 2012, and 106 (48.6%) were positive for 14-3-3 protein. In 89 patients with complete clinical data, 38 (42.7%) were diagnosed with probable CJD and the estimated annual occurrence of CJD was 16.3 persons-per-year. The most common diagnoses of the remainder were central nervous system infection and any-cause encephalopathy. Non-CJD subjects showed worse initial consciousness levels than CJD patients. This preliminary study showed that the number of reported cases of CJD and the true positivity rates of CSF 14-3-3 protein assays were both low in Korea. An active surveillance system is urgently needed to provide the latest nationwide epidemiological data of CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Lim
- a Department of Neurology ; Seoul National University Boramae Hospital ; Seoul , South Korea
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Abstract
Prions are the etiological agent of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. These maladies can be sporadic, genetic or infectious disorders. Prions are due to post-translational modifications of the cellular prion protein leading to the formation of a β-sheet enriched conformer with altered biochemical properties. The molecular events causing prion formation in sporadic prion diseases are still elusive. Recently, we published a research elucidating the contribution of major structural determinants and environmental factors in prion protein folding and stability. Our study highlighted the crucial role of octarepeats in stabilizing prion protein; the presence of a highly enthalpically stable intermediate state in prion-susceptible species; and the role of disulfide bridge in preserving native fold thus avoiding the misfolding to a β-sheet enriched isoform. Taking advantage from these findings, in this work we present new insights into structural determinants of prion protein folding and stability.
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Key Words
- ADAM family, A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase family
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- FFI, fatal familial insomnia
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- GSS, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome
- N-terminal domain
- NMDA receptor, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- OR, octarepeats
- PrPC, cellular prion protein
- PrPSc, prion
- TSE, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
- disulfide bridge
- folding
- globular domain
- intermediate state
- octarepeat
- prion protein
- stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Benetti
- a Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience; Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) , Trieste , Italy
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Abstract
The extracellular aggregation of proteins into proteotoxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils is implicated in the onset and pathology of numerous diseases referred to as amyloid diseases. All of the proteins that aggregate extracellularly in association with amyloid disease pathogenesis originate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are secreted through the secretory pathway. Disruptions in ER protein homeostasis or proteostasis (i.e., ER stress) can facilitate the aberrant secretion of misfolded protein conformations to the extracellular space and exacerbate pathologic protein aggregation into proteotoxic species. Activation of an ER stress-responsive signaling pathway, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), restores ER proteostasis through the transcriptional regulation of ER proteostasis pathways. In contrast, the functional role for the UPR in regulating extracellular proteostasis during ER stress is poorly defined. We recently identified ERdj3 as a UPR-regulated secreted chaperone that increases extracellular proteostasis capacity in response to ER stress, revealing a previously-unanticipated direct mechanism by which the UPR impacts extracellular proteostasis. Here, we discuss the functional implications of ERdj3 secretion on extracellular proteostasis maintenance and define the mechanisms by which ERdj3 secretion coordinates intra- and extracellular proteostasis environments during ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Genereux
- a Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine; Department of Chemical Physiology ; The Scripps Research Institute ; La Jolla , CA USA
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Amano Y, Kimura N, Hanaoka T, Aso Y, Hirano T, Murai H, Satoh K, Matsubara E. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease with a prion protein gene codon 180 mutation presenting asymmetric cortical high-intensity on magnetic resonance imaging. Prion 2016; 9:29-33. [PMID: 25730397 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2015.1017703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a genetically confirmed case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with a prion protein gene codon 180 mutation presenting atypical magnetic resonance imaging findings. The present case exhibited an acute onset and lateralized neurologic signs, and progressive cognitive impairment. No myoclonus or periodic synchronous discharges on electroencephalography were observed. Diffusion-weighted images revealed areas of high signal intensity in the right frontal and temporal cortices at onset that extended to the whole cortex and basal ganglia of the right cerebral hemisphere at 3 months. Although the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was initially negative for neuron specific enolase, tau protein, 14-3-3 protein, and abnormal prion protein, the CSF was positive for these brain-derived proteins at 3 months after onset.
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Key Words
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- DWI, diffusion weighted imaging
- EEG, electroencephalogram
- FLAIR, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
- IQ, intelligence quotient
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NSE, neuron specific enolase
- PSD, periodic synchronous discharges
- RT-QUIC, real-time quaking-induced conversion method
- SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography
- V180I CJD, CJD with the V180I mutation
- V180I mutation
- WAIS-III, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (third edition)
- asymmetric cortical abnormalities
- cerebrospinal fluid
- creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- magnetic resonance imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Amano
- a Department of Neurology ; Oita University; Faculty of Medicine ; Oita , Japan
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Komatsu J, Sakai K, Hamaguchi T, Sugiyama Y, Iwasa K, Yamada M. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with a V203I homozygous mutation in the prion protein gene. Prion 2015; 8:336-8. [PMID: 25495585 DOI: 10.4161/19336896.2014.971569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a Japanese patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with a V203I homozygous mutation of the prion protein gene (PRNP). A 73-year-old woman developed rapidly progressive gait disturbance and cognitive dysfunction. Four months after the onset, she entered a state of an akinetic mutism. Gene analysis revealed a homozygous V203I mutation in the PRNP. Familial CJD with a V203I mutation is rare, and all previously reported cases had a heterozygous mutation showing manifestations similar to those of typical sporadic CJD. Although genetic prion diseases with homozygous PRNP mutations often present with an earlier onset and more rapid clinical course than those with heterozygous mutations, no difference was found in clinical phenotype between our homozygous case and reported heterozygous cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Komatsu
- a Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging ; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences ; Kanazawa , Japan
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Hammond M, Wik L, Deslys JP, Comoy E, Linné T, Landegren U, Kamali-Moghaddam M. Sensitive detection of aggregated prion protein via proximity ligation. Prion 2015; 8:261-5. [PMID: 25482604 DOI: 10.4161/pri.32231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA assisted solid-phase proximity ligation assay (SP-PLA) provides a unique opportunity to specifically detect prion protein (PrP) aggregates by investigating the collocation of 3 or more copies of the specific protein. We have developed an SP-PLA that can detect PrP aggregates in brain homogenates from infected hamsters even after a 10(7)-fold dilution. In contrast, brain homogenate from uninfected animals did not generate a detectable signal at 100-fold higher concentration. Using either of the 2 monoclonal anti-PrP antibodies, 3F4 and 6H4, we successfully detected low concentrations of aggregated PrP. The presented results provide a proof of concept that this method might be an interesting tool in the development of diagnostic approaches of prion diseases.
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Key Words
- 263K
- BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy
- CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- FIDA, fluorescence intensity distribution analysis
- PLA, proximity ligation assay
- PMCA, protein misfolding cyclic amplification
- PrP, prion protein
- PrPC, cellular prion protein
- PrPSc, scrapie prion protein
- QuIC, quaking-induced conversion
- SP-PLA, solid phase proximity ligation assay
- diagnosis
- monoclonal antibody
- prion protein
- proximity ligation assay
- qPCR, quantitative real-time PCR
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hammond
- a Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology; Science for Life Laboratory ; Uppsala University ; Uppsala , Sweden
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