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Krüger AP, Garcez AM, Scheunemann T, Bernardi D, Nava DE, Garcia FRM. Reproductive Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Neotrop Entomol 2024; 53:38-46. [PMID: 38032474 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hymenopteran parasitoids, like any other insect, employ strategies to ensure their reproduction. Understanding these strategies is important for ecological purposes, but also to improve mass rearing of biological control agents. Here, we describe mating strategies used by the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a potential biocontrol agent, that has been considered for augmentative releases for management of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). We studied the emergence pattern of males and females of T. anastrephae and the effects of parental ae on offspring number and sex ratio. Polygamy was also studied and its effects on parasitism and offspring production were described. Adults from this species emerge in the first hours of photophase, and males emerge before females, demonstrating that T. anastrephae is a protandrous species. Parasitoid age when first mated influences the parasitism and sex ratio. Younger females result in a higher number of offspring (8.16 parasitoids/day), while older males result in a more female-biased sex ratio of offspring (64% females). Both males and females are polygamic, and the order in which a female is mated by the male affects parasitism, viability of parasitized pupae, and sex ratio of offspring, with the first female performing the highest parasitism and sex ratio (63.83 and 61% of females, respectively), but the lowest viability (92.92%). Females that are allowed to mate multiple times generate lower numbers of offspring (113.05 parasitoids) when compared to virgin or single-mated females (135.20 and 130.70 parasitoids, respectively), but the highest sex ratio (49% of females). Data present in this study and how it can be used to improve parasitoid rearing and field releases of T. anastrephae, in biological control programs for D. suzukii are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Krüger
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda M Garcez
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Scheunemann
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Dori E Nava
- Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio R M Garcia
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
- Ecology, Zoology and Genetics Department, UFPel, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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Dhillon S, Amoak D, Chidimbah Munthali GN, Sano Y, Antabe R, Luginaah I. Polygamy and safe sex negotiation among married women: evidence from Cameroon. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:817. [PMID: 37993765 PMCID: PMC10664310 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that women in polygamous relationships may be exposed to unique sexual and reproductive health challenges. However, there are very few studies that examine whether polygamy is associated with safe sex negotiation among married women in sub-Saharan Africa, including Cameroon. METHODS Using the 2018 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey, we apply logistic regression analysis to compare two indicators of safe sex negotiation (i.e., the ability to ask for condom use and refuse sex against their partner) between polygamous (n = 1,628) and monogamous (n = 5,686) women aged 15-49 years old. RESULTS We find that 67% and 50% of married women can ask for condom use and refuse sex against their partner, respectively. Multivariate analysis further reveals that women in polygamous relationships are less likely to report they can ask for condom use (OR = 0.71, p < 0.001) and refuse sex (OR = 0.64, p < 0.001) in comparison to their monogamous counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis found that in Cameroon, women in polygamous relationships, Muslim women, married women with inadequate HIV knowledge, those who had never been tested for HIV and women with lower socioeconomic status are less likely to negotiate for safe sex. Based on these findings, we discuss several implications for policymakers, including the establishment of a comprehensive family planning educational program and the deployment of community health workers to disseminate educational initiatives pertaining to safe sex negotiation to community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Dhillon
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Daniel Amoak
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Yujiro Sano
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nipissing University, 100 College Dr, North Bay, ON, P1B 8L7, Canada
| | - Roger Antabe
- Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada
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Mengistu N, Shumye S, Tesfaye TS, Haile S, Bayisa Y, Yimer S, Tadesse M, Markos T, Madoro D, Assefa DG, Molla W, Abebe L, Molla A, Wudneh A, Duko B. Stressful life experience of the first married women in polygamous families in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: a qualitative study, 2021. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:40. [PMID: 35193677 PMCID: PMC8864848 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polygamy is commonly referred to as the union of a man with multiple women or the practice of having more than one wife at a time. In Ethiopia, polygamy has practiced in all regions. In particular, the stress of polygamous family life predisposes mothers to psychological problems. Being a serious public health issue, the stressful experience among polygamous women was not known in Ethiopia. AIM To explore a stressful life experience among first married polygamous women in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia, 2021. METHODS This study was conducted using a phenomenological study approach from February 20-30, 2021. A purposive sampling method was used and an in-depth interview was conducted. Data were collected from 13 first married women from polygamous. FINDINGS Three themes emerged from the study including reaction to polygamy, socio-economic challenges in polygamy, and bonds of families in polygamy families. The finding indicated that the status of life experience among first married women in a polygamous family was stressful. They experienced various degrees of psychological difficulties including anger, mistrustfulness, emotional distress, loneliness, emptiness, unhappiness, and lack of intimacy with their husbands. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study highlighted how polygamy is a complex issue and common practice in the Gedeo zone. There has to be a mechanism for serious follow-up to educate women properly. A long-lasting measure to empower women in the economy, social, political, and creating a level of consciousness to resist polygamy is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyu Mengistu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.
| | - Seid Shumye
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Tinsae Shemelise Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.,School of public health, Dilla University, P.O.Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Sleshi Haile
- Department of Anesthesia, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Yesuneh Bayisa
- School Medicine, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Yimer
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Tadesse
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.,School of public health, Dilla University, P.O.Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfalidet Markos
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia.,School of public health, Dilla University, P.O.Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Derebe Madoro
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | | | - Wondwosen Molla
- Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, P.O.Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Lulu Abebe
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Molla
- Department of Psychiatry, Dilla University, P.O. Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Aregahegn Wudneh
- Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, P.O.Box (DU): 419, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Duko
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Mohamed AH, Mohamud HA, Yasar A. The prevalence of premature ejaculation and its relationship with polygamous men: a cross-sectional observational study at a tertiary hospital in Somalia. BMC Urol 2021; 21:175. [PMID: 34915878 PMCID: PMC8680334 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common and prevalent sexual disorder among men. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at evaluating the relationship of PE among polygamous men. Method Over a 1-year period, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out among 202 married men who visited the urology polyclinic due to different clinical conditions and contributed by completing a standardized structured questionnaire regarding their sociodemographic data, as well as sexual and past medical history. Results In our study, the prevalence of PE was 37.1%; half of the monogamous men (50%) complained of PE, while 22% of men with two wives, 20% of men with three wives, and 12% of men with four wives complained of PE (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.122–1.920). Seventy percent of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients had PE concurrence (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.057–5.543). Regarding frequency of sexual intercourse, 48% of patients who complained of PE performed sexual intercourse less than two times/week, while two-thirds of the participants who did not complain of PE had sexual intercourse two to four times/week (p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.203–0.568). Among the men who reported ED, 42% had one wife, 21.5% had two wives, 40% had three wives, and 12.5% had four wives (p < 0.029, 95% CI 0.417–0.962). Conclusions We report that polygamous men have a lower incidence of premature ejaculation and higher sexual satisfaction than monogamous men. There is a significant association between ED and PE, showing a complex and bidirectional relationship between the two conditions. The new taxonomic entity called loss of control of erection and ejaculation (LCEE) views the two sexual symptoms as deeply interrelated. The study results indicate that a sexual intercourse frequency of two or more times per week significantly lowers the risk of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hussein Ali Mohamud
- Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | - Adem Yasar
- Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
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Shaiful Bahari I, Norhayati MN, Nik Hazlina NH, Mohamad Shahirul Aiman CAA, Nik Muhammad Arif NA. Psychological impact of polygamous marriage on women and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:823. [PMID: 34903212 PMCID: PMC8667458 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last two decades, there has been significant growth in public, political, and academic awareness of polygamy. Polygamous families have distinct household problems, usually stemming from jealousy between co-wives over the husband's affections and resources. This study aimed to ascertain the psychological impact of polygamous marriage on women and children worldwide. METHODS A systematic search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Google Scholar, and ProQuest using search terms such as "marriage" and "polygamy." Studies published from the inception of the respective databases until April 2021 were retrieved to assess their eligibility for inclusion in this study. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used for data extraction and the quality assessment of the included studies. The generic inverse variance and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using RevMan software. RESULTS There were 24 studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria, and 23 studies had a low risk of bias. The pooled meta-analysis showed women in polygamous marriages had a 2.25 (95% CI: 1.20, 4.20) higher chance of experiencing depression than in monogamous marriages. Children with polygamous parents had a significantly higher Global Severity Index with a mean difference of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.33) than those with monogamous parents. CONCLUSIONS The psychological impact of polygamous marriage on women and children was found to be relatively higher than monogamous marriage. Awareness of the proper practices for polygamy should be strengthened so that its adverse effects can be minimized. The agencies involved in polygamous practices should broaden and enhance their understanding of the correct practice of polygamy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Shaiful Bahari
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Norhayati
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Hussain Nik Hazlina
- Women's Health Development Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Nik Ahmad Nik Muhammad Arif
- Women's Health Development Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Damtie Y, Kefale B, Yalew M, Arefaynie M, Adane B. Multilevel analysis of determinants of polygyny among married men in Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1677. [PMID: 34525988 PMCID: PMC8442388 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygyny occurs when a man has more than one wife at the same time. It often contributes to poor health among family members, particularly young children. It encourages the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The determinants of polygyny have not yet been adequately explored in Ethiopia. This study adds to the body of knowledge concerning the prevalence and distribution of polygyny in the country. METHODS This study is a secondary analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. Using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling, 7470 married men were selected. After verifying the assumptions of multilevel logistic regression analysis, Stata version 14.0 was used to analyse the data. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of polygyny. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to measure the association. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS Age from 30 to 44 years [AOR = 5.78, 95% CI = (3.13, 10.7)], age from 45 to 59 years [AOR = 16.5, 95% CI = (8.59, 31.8)], men with primary education or no formal education [AOR = 3.40, 95% CI = (1.50, 7.69)], being Muslim [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI = (1.28, 4.77)], sexual initiation at or above the age of 18 years [AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = (0.30, 0.68)] and being from a less developed region of Ethiopia [AOR = 3.67, 95% CI = (2.30, 5.83)] were factors associated with polygyny. CONCLUSION Both individual and community level factors were identified as predictors of polygyny. Improving educational attainment and delaying men's sexual debut could encourage the reduction of polygyny in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitayish Damtie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Bereket Kefale
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Yalew
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Arefaynie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bezawit Adane
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Rahmanian P, Munawar K, Mukhtar F, Choudhry FR. Prevalence of mental health problems in women in polygamous versus monogamous marriages: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:339-351. [PMID: 33000343 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While some studies suggest different mental health outcomes among women in polygamous versus monogamous marriages, no published systematic review or meta-analysis has analyzed the relevant research literature. This article aims to review the evidence of marriage types (i.e., polygamous and monogamous marriages) and differences in the prevalence of mental health issues. Eleven electronic databases, along with further identified references lists, were searched. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. They included 3166 participants, and 986 women were in a polygamous marriage. All studies were rated for quality and were tested for publication bias. Meta-analyses were conducted on the five symptoms to assess for the effect of marriage type. The studies indicate a significant association of marriage type with psychological symptoms. The meta-analysis indicates that women in polygamous marriage had worsened mental health as compared with women in monogamous marriages. The weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were somatization 0.53, 0.44-0.63; obsession-compulsion 0.35, 0.14-0.56; interpersonal sensitivity 0.42, 0.12-0.73; depression 0.41, 0.15-0.67; anxiety 0.41, 0.15-0.68; hostility = 0.47, 0.28-0.66; phobic anxiety 0.39, 0.17-0.61; paranoid ideation 0.35, 0.24-0.47; psychoticism 0.41, 0.23, 0.59; and Global Severity Index (GSI) 0.43, 0.25-0.60. A higher self-esteem and life satisfaction among women in polygamous marriages and statistically superior family functioning among women in monogamous marriages were also found. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the marital satisfaction of women in polygamous versus monogamous marriages. Results are consistent with the existing research on the prevalence of mental health issues among women in polygamous marriages. Nonetheless, these women were found to have elevated self-esteem and life satisfaction than women in monogamous marriages. Directions for future research are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rahmanian
- Zahedan Medical School, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Khadeeja Munawar
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Mukhtar
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Fahad Riaz Choudhry
- Department of Psychology, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Barclay KJ, Thorén RD, Hanson HA, Smith KR. The Effects of Marital Status, Fertility, and Bereavement on Adult Mortality in Polygamous and Monogamous Households: Evidence From the Utah Population Database. Demography 2020; 57:2169-2198. [PMID: 32935302 PMCID: PMC7732802 DOI: 10.1007/s13524-020-00918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the associations among marital status, fertility, bereavement, and adult mortality have been widely studied, much less is known about these associations in polygamous households, which remain prevalent across much of the world. We use data from the Utah Population Database on 110,890 women and 106,979 men born up to 1900, with mortality follow-up into the twentieth century. We examine how the number of wife deaths affects male mortality in polygamous marriages, how sister wife deaths affect female mortality in polygamous marriages relative to the death of a husband, and how marriage order affects the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. We also examine how the number of children ever born and child deaths affect the mortality of men and women as well as variation across monogamous and polygamous unions. Our analyses of women show that the death of a husband and the death of a sister wife have similar effects on mortality. Marriage order does not play a role in the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. For men, the death of one wife in a polygamous marriage increases mortality to a lesser extent than it does for men in monogamous marriages. For polygamous men, losing additional wives has a dose-response effect. Both child deaths and lower fertility are associated with higher mortality. We consistently find that the presence of other kin in the household—whether a second wife, a sister wife, or children—mitigates the negative effects of bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieron J Barclay
- Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany. .,Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Heidi A Hanson
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ken R Smith
- Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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de Vries J, Landouré G, Wonkam A. Stigma in African genomics research: Gendered blame, polygamy, ancestry and disease causal beliefs impact on the risk of harm. Soc Sci Med 2020; 258:113091. [PMID: 32521416 PMCID: PMC7396479 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A recurring concern in genomics research is the possibility that it could lead to stigma for participants, their families and the population groups they belong to. Little evidence exists to explain how and when this ought to be a concern in genomics research in Africa whilst there is growing international evidence drawing into question the direct link between stigma and genetics. In this paper, we interrogate practical instances from African genomics research where stigma was identified as a concern in an attempt to nuance and refine accounts of when stigma should be considered as an ethical issue. The paper describes examples involving gendered blame, polygamy, beliefs in supernatural disease causation and sensitive information about group lineage. We propose that the concern may not be about stigma so much as broader research-related harm, including for instance reputational harm to population groups. Furthermore, we propose to shift the analytical gaze from establishing causal relationships to exploring the intersection of genomics with pre-existing stigma. Finally, we emphasize the importance of ensuring genomics researchers are culturally competent, meaning able to recognise when cultural factors impact on the possibility that genomics research could cause harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jantina de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Guida Landouré
- Faculté de Médecine et d'Odontostomatologie, USTTB, Bamako, Mali; Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Sharma V, Amobi A, Tewolde S, Deyessa N, Scott J. Displacement-related factors influencing marital practices and associated intimate partner violence risk among Somali refugees in Dollo Ado, Ethiopia: a qualitative study. Confl Health 2020; 14:17. [PMID: 32280368 PMCID: PMC7137193 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-020-00267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child and forced marriage have negative health consequences including increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) for women and girls. War and humanitarian crises may impact decision-making around marriage and risks of IPV for displaced populations. A qualitative study was conducted among Somali refugees in Dollo Ado, Ethiopia to understand the interplay of factors that contribute to IPV and to inform an intervention. This secondary analysis aims to explore the influence of displacement on marital practices and associated IPV risk. Methods Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted in 2016 in Dollo Ado, Ethiopia, among Somali women and men living in Bokolmayo refugee camp, host community members, non-governmental staff and service providers, stakeholders, and community and religious leaders (N = 110). Data were transcribed, translated to English, and coded and analyzed thematically using Dedoose software and a codebook developed a priori. Results Findings reveal numerous displacement-related factors that led to perceived shifts in marital practices among refugees, including reductions in child and forced marriages. NGO awareness-raising programs and Ethiopian laws prohibiting child marriage as well as increased access to education for girls were reported to have contributed to these changes, despite continued economic hardship and high perceived risk of non-partner sexual violence within the camp and host community. Polygamy was also perceived to have decreased, primarily due to worsening economic conditions. Forced marriage, polygamy and dowry were reported to contribute to physical IPV, and sexual IPV was reported as common in all types of marital unions. However, there was no evidence that changes in these marital practices contributed to any perceived declines in IPV within this context. Conclusion Safe access to education for girls should be prioritized in humanitarian settings. Interventions to address child and forced marriage should address gender and social norms. Intimate partner violence prevention programming should include specialized content taking into account marital practices including child and forced marriage and polygamy. Laws recognizing sexual IPV within marital relationships are needed to reduce sexual IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- 1Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Adaugo Amobi
- 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,3Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Samuel Tewolde
- Women and Health Alliance International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Paris, France
| | - Negussie Deyessa
- 5Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jennifer Scott
- 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Women and Health Alliance International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Paris, France.,6Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
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11
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Dierickx S, Coene G, Jarju B, Longman C. Women with infertility complying with and resisting polygyny: an explorative qualitative study in urban Gambia. Reprod Health 2019; 16:103. [PMID: 31307488 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many low-and middle-income countries women with infertility are often in polygynous marriages. From a human and women’s rights perspective, the practice of polygyny is commonly understood as harmful. Studies indicate that polygyny aggravates negative life circumstances of women with infertility with respect to their health and social well-being. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore how women with infertility experience polygyny and to understand their decision-making regarding these marriages. Methods An explorative qualitative study was conducted among women with infertility in the urban communities of the West Coast region of The Gambia using in-depth interviews (30). Data analysis involved an emergent and partially inductive thematic framework and was carried out using NVivo 11. Results With the exception of some women with infertility who described positive experiences within polygynous marriages, most women emphasised conflicts that exist within polygynous households and reported financial and emotional difficulties. Thematic analysis identified several strategies of women with infertility to cope with and resist polygynous marriages, including overcoming childlessness, addressing conflict, spending time outside the compound, looking for social support, kanyaleng kafoolu, living separately and initiating divorce. Moreover, the experiences and decision-making power of women with infertility when it comes to polygynous marriages was found to be closely related to their socio-demographic background. Conclusion This work highlights how women with infertility in polygynous marriages are in a precarious situation in urban Gambia. Women utilize a mix of compliance, coping and resistance strategies to navigate the challenges of polygynous marriages in a structurally constraining context.
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Grinkov VG, Bauer A, Gashkov SI, Sternberg H, Wink M. Diversity of social-genetic relationships in the socially monogamous pied flycatcher ( Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding in Western Siberia. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6059. [PMID: 30564520 PMCID: PMC6286800 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the genetic background of social interactions in two breeding metapopulations of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Western Siberia. In 2005, we sampled blood from birds breeding in study areas located in the city of Tomsk and in a natural forest 13 km southward of Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia). We sampled 30 males, 46 females, 268 nestlings (46 nests) in the urban settlement of pied flycatcher, and 232 males, 250 females, 1,485 nestlings (250 nests) in the woodland plot. DNA fingerprinting was carried out using eight microsatellite loci, which were amplified by two multiplex-PCRs and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. About 50–58% of all couples were socially and genetically monogamous in both study plots. However, almost all possible social and genetic interactions were detected for non-monogamous couples: polygamy, polyandry, helping, adoption, and egg dumping. Differences in the rate of polygyny and the rate of extra-pair paternity between both study sites could be explained by differences in environmental heterogeneity and breeding density. Our findings suggest that egg dumping, adoption, polygamy, extra pair copulation, and other types of social-genetic interactions are modifications of the monogamous social system caused by patchy environment, breeding density, and birds’ breeding status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Grinkov
- Department of Biological Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergey I Gashkov
- Zoology Museum, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mabaso MLH, Malope NF, Simbayi LC. Socio-demographic and behavioural profile of women in polygamous relationships in South Africa: a retrospective analysis of the 2002 population-based household survey data. BMC Womens Health 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 30068320 PMCID: PMC6090975 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence and effect of polygamous relationships may have serious reproductive and /or health consequences for women. In South Africa, unlike in other sub-Saharan countries, no nationwide survey has investigated polygamy except for the 2002 HIV/AIDS population-based household survey. The aim of this study was to profile socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics associated with women in polygamous relationships in South Africa using the 2002 survey data. Methods The survey data were collected using a multi-stage stratified cluster randomised sampling design. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between polygamy, and selected socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Results Of 1437 women who responded to the question on polygamy, 8.3% reported being in a polygamous marriage. Women in polygamous marriages were significantly less likely to have tertiary education [OR = 0.03(95% CI: 0.00–0.28), p = 0.003], to have money for food and clothes [OR = 0.12 (95% CI: 0.06–0.27), p < 0.001], to have a sexual partner five years younger [OR = 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01–0.94), p = 0.044] or sexual partner within 5 years older or younger [OR = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13–0.991), p = 0.032]. They were also significantly more likely to have two or more sexual partners [OR = 20.42 (95% CI: 1.10–379.89), p = 0.043]. Conclusion The finding that polygamy is associated with uneducated and women of low economic means, who have relationships with older men and multiple sexual partners warrants further attention. Contemporary studies on polygamy are needed in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musawenkosi L H Mabaso
- HAST, Human Sciences Research Council, The Atrium, 5th Floor, 430 Peter Mokaba Street, Berea, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Nthabiseng F Malope
- Office of the Deputy CEO for Research, Human Sciences Research Council, 116 - 118 Merchant House Building, Buitengracht Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa
| | - Leickness C Simbayi
- Office of the Deputy CEO for Research, Human Sciences Research Council, 116 - 118 Merchant House Building, Buitengracht Street, Cape Town, 8001, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Sanchez-Palencia E, Lherminier P, Françoise JP. A Mathematical Model for Alternation of Polygamy and Parthenogenesis: Stability Versus Efficiency and Analogy with Parasitism. Acta Biotheor 2016; 64:537-52. [PMID: 27738842 DOI: 10.1007/s10441-016-9293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work is a contribution to the understanding of the sempiternal problem of the "burden of factor two" implied by sexual reproduction versus asexual one, as males are energy consumers not contributing to the production of offspring. We construct a deterministic mathematical model in population dynamics where a species enjoys both sexual and parthenogenetic capabilities of reproduction and lives on a limited resource. We then show how polygamy implies instability of a parthenogenetic population with a small number of sexually born males. This instability implies evolution of the system towards an attractor involving both (sexual and asexual) populations (which does not imply optimality of the population). We also exhibit the analogy with a parasite/host system.
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Abstract
This study sheds light on the development of family structures in a polygamous context with a particular emphasis on wife order, and offers an explanation for the association between outcomes of children and the status of their mothers among wives based on observable maternal characteristics. In a simple framework, I propose that selection into rank among wives with respect to female productivity takes place: highly productive women are more strongly demanded in the marriage market than less productive women, giving them a higher chance of becoming first wives. Furthermore, productivity is positively associated with a wife's bargained share of family income to be spent on consumption and investment for herself and her offspring because of greater contributions to family income and larger outside options. The findings are empirically supported by a positive relationship between indicators of female productivity and women's levels of seniority among wives, and by a concise replication of existing evidence relating wife order to children's educational outcomes in household survey data from rural Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anna Matz
- Center for Development Research (ZEFb), University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
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Abstract
AIM: To examine the psychological, self-esteem (SE), family function, marital satisfaction, life satisfaction and degree of agreement with the practice of polygamy among polygamous women with a control group from monogamous women in Syria.
METHODS: Convenience sample of 136 women, 64 of whom were wives in polygamous marriages and 72 were wives in monogamous marriages participated in this study. A snowball method of sampling was used, conducted by undergraduate local female students trained to collect data according to culturally competent methods. The following research instruments were deployed: the symptoms checklist-90, the Rosenberg SE, the Life Satisfaction, family function and marital satisfaction.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that women in polygamous marriages experienced lower SE, less life satisfaction, less marital satisfaction and more mental health symptomatology than women in monogamous marriages. Many of the mental health symptoms were different; noteworthy were elevated somatization, depression, hostility and psychoticism and their general severity index was higher. Furthermore, “first wife syndrome” was examined in polygamous families, comparing first with second and third wives in polygamous marriages. Findings indicated that first wives reported on more family problems, less SE, more anxiety, more paranoid ideation, and more psychoticism than second and third wives.
CONCLUSION: These results are best understood through consideration of the socio-cultural and economic realities facing these women. Implications for mental health practice, policy and further research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alean Al-Krenawi
- Alean Al-Krenawi, Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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17
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Shahramian I, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb HR, Moradi A, Forghani F. Prevalence of HPV Infection and High Risk HPV Genotypes (16, 18), among Monogamous and Polygamous Women, In Zabol, Iran. Iran J Public Health 2011; 40:113-21. [PMID: 23113093 PMCID: PMC3481649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to compare the prevalence of HPV infection and high risk HPV genotypes [16, 18] between monogamous and polygamous women, in Zabol, Iran. METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted in Zabol in 2006 - 2007. Two hundred sixty five married women attending the Gynecology Clinic for Cervical Disease Screening entered to this study. One hundred sixty two cases had monogamous, and 103 had polygamous husbands. HPV PCR samples were obtained from scrape of papsmear specimens. The biotinylated primers MY09/MY11, GP5+/GP6+, were utilized to enable amplification and detection of positive PCR products. Confirmation of HPV-16 and -18 were done by type-specific PCR primers HPV-16/F, HPV-16/R and HPV-18/F, HPV-18/R. RESULTS Prevalence of HPV infection in monogamous and polygamous groups was 29% and 37.9%, respectively. The most HPV infection was found in 15-25 years group. The most prevalence of infection in monogamous group was HPV-18 and HPV-non16, 18 in 15-25 years, and HPV-16 in 26-35 years group. In polygamous group the most prevalent type was HPV-16, 18 in 15-25 years group. The most prevalent HPV-16 was seen in sever inflammation and dysplasia cytology in both groups. CONCLUSION Prevalence of HPV infection in Zabol is high, and in women with polygamous husbands group is slightly more than monogamous. Screening for this infection must be recommended in this region of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shahramian
- Dept. of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Z Heidari
- Dept. of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran,Corresponding author: Tel: +98 541 3414561, Fax: +98 541 3414561, E-mail:
| | - HR Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Dept. of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - A Moradi
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
| | - F Forghani
- Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Moorad JA, Promislow DEL, Smith KR, Wade MJ. Mating system change reduces the strength of sexual selection in an American frontier population of the 19th century. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2011; 32:147-155. [PMID: 30906187 DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection, or competition among members of one sex for reproductive access to the other, is one of the strongest and fastest evolutionary processes. Comparative studies support the prediction that sexual selection is stronger in polygamous than in monogamous species. We report the first study of the effect on sexual selection of a change in mating system, from polygyny to monogamy, within a historical human population. Here we show that over the reproductive lifetimes of Utahns born between 1830 and 1894, socially induced reductions in the rate and degree of polygamy correspond to a 58% reduction in the strength of sexual selection. Polygyny conferred a strong advantage to male fitness as well as a weak disadvantage to female fitness. In contrast, mating with multiple males provided little benefit to females in this population. Polygamy benefitted males by increasing reproductive rates and by lengthening reproductive tenure. Each advantage contributed to roughly half of the increased total lifetime reproductive success. This study illustrates both the potency of sexual selection in polygynous human populations and the dramatic influence that short-term societal changes can have on evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Moorad
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Ken R Smith
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael J Wade
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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19
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Daligang H. The Subanen of Zamboanga del Sur. Said to be the first tribe to practise birth control. Popul Forum 2002; 7:9-12. [PMID: 12338244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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20
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Malaysia. Law Reform (Marriage and Divorce) (Amendment) Act, 1986 (No. A650). Annu Rev Popul Law 1989; 16:58. [PMID: 12344476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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21
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Tyagi D. Looking at polyandry--a dying or dead social institution in India? Man India 1997; 77:329-43. [PMID: 12348612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
"The institution of polyandry has a long history in India. Having its origin in the remote past polyandry flourished through the ages; it witnessed change with the alteration of cultural perspectives, and gradually it started diminishing due to some obvious reasons. Polyandry has its own appeal...owing to which it has been discussed by [a] large number of social scientists from diversified angles. In the present paper the author has put forward a systematic review of the various observations made by the different authorities. Various factors relating to the emergence of polyandry and the related causes have been pin-pointed here. The study highlights that [the] once flourishing social institution [of] polyandry is now in a state of disappearance."
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23
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24
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Brazil's Indians under threat from AIDS. AIDS Wkly Plus 1996;:19-20. [PMID: 12320589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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25
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Temmerman M, Marres D. [Social and cultural obstacles to AIDS prevention in developing countries]. Tijdschr Soc Wet 1995; 40:24-33. [PMID: 12290744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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26
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Marcoux R. [Activity and work of children in urban Mali]. Pop Sahel 1994:39-43. [PMID: 12288687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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27
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Ouedraogo A. [Socio-cultural and problematic context of AIDS prevention in Africa: some observations drawn from the case of the Mossi society in Burkina Faso]. Dev Sante 1994:27-9. [PMID: 12288248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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28
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Chowdhry P. Widow remarriage in Haryana. Law strengthens repressiveness of popular culture. Manushi 1994:12-8. [PMID: 12289882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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29
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Is one wife enough? Polygamy's increasingly threatened role in the modern world. Asiaweek 1993;:28-30, 35. [PMID: 12346310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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30
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De Vareilles-sommieres P. [ Polygamy in Sub-Saharan Africa in countries formerly under French colonial rule (comparative and international judicial aspects)]. Rev Eur Migr Int 1993; 9:143-59. [PMID: 12286791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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31
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Segal A. Africa's population and family planning dynamics. Afr Today 1993; 40:25-37. [PMID: 12286949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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32
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Damessi YM. [Birth spacing: a simple practice with a definite advantage]. Fam Dev 1992:10-4. [PMID: 12290177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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33
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Chirambo K. Men targeted for family planning in Zambia. Netw Res Triangle Park N C 1992; 13:16-7. [PMID: 12317722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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34
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Kalule-sabiti I. The effect of nuptiality status variables on fertility: the Kenyan experience. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 23:12-9. [PMID: 12287023 DOI: 10.1080/02580144.1992.10520104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
"This paper examines the relationship between fertility and nuptiality in Kenya using data from the Kenya Fertility Survey 1977/78. The results show that completed fertility (the cumulative fertility at the end of the reproductive period 15-49) decreases with the rise in age at first marriage. Type of union is also found to affect marital stability, frequency of marriage and consequently completed fertility. Regardless of type of union, women whose first union is still continuing have higher fertility than those women whose first union was dissolved and who married once or several times after. Highest fertility is experienced by women married only once and...in monogamous unions. The results also show that polygamously married older women among the rural populations experience higher fertility than their counterparts in the urban areas regardless of age." (SUMMARY IN AFR)
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35
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Donadje F. [Men's marriage and reproductive strategies in South Benin: facts and opinions]. Cah Que Demogr 1992; 21:45-65. [PMID: 12286512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
"Using a survey carried out in 1989 involving a sample of 2,590 households residing in Cotonou [Benin] and in rural areas near Cotonou, the article examines marriage and reproductive patterns of men (family formation, polygamy, level and trend of fertility). Men's opinions on marriage, fertility and family planning are also discussed." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)
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36
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Lee BS. The influence of rural-urban migration on migrant's fertility behavior in Cameroon. Int Migr Rev 1992; 26:1,416-47. [PMID: 12317911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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37
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Omari CK. The family in Tanzania. Int J Sociol Fam 1991; 21:55-71. [PMID: 12284458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
"The article starts by defining the terms and basic characteristics of the family institution. Then it moves to explain and analyze the changing roles and relationships in the Tanzania context. The article stresses...the impact of the foreign cultures and ideologies. Specifically, the role of family in [the] socialization process has been minimized due to the introduction of formal education. With regard to the demographic variables, it is noted that while death rates might be reduced due to the general improvement of health facilities, birth rates will increase....Polygamy...is [likely] to decrease due to socio-economic reasons like the level of education among the women and the economic difficulties in running large families." A trend toward smaller families is noted. The study is based on the author's recent research in Tanzania.
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Tafforeau J, Damiba A, Maternowska MC. Changes in Chad: the results of a KAP survey. Biol Soc 1990; 7:194-202. [PMID: 12316708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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39
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Mauritius. Supreme Court. Bhewa & Anor v. Govt. of Mauritius [15 May 1990. Summary of decision]. Womens Watch 1990; 4:6. [PMID: 12317792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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40
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Adewunmi OA, Onadeko MO, Dawodu AH, Ebeye L. Socio-psychological factors affecting emergency obstetric deliveries at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. East Afr Med J 1990; 67:79-85. [PMID: 2361450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O A Adewunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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43
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Charbit Y, Ndiaye K, Ndiaye S, Sadio A, Sarr I. [Nuptiality and fertility in Senegal]. Ann IFORD 1989; 13:37-74. [PMID: 12178538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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44
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Antarsh L. Old and new ways: family planning in Kenya. AVSC News 1989; 27:2-3. [PMID: 12315714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Abstract
The 1983 Somali Family Health Survey showed that polygamy and monogamy selected women with different social characteristics. Wives in polygamous unions were prone to be younger at first martial cohabitation and to have previous marital disruptions. Since a young age at first cohabitation and number of previous marriages have opposite effects on the cumulative fertility rate of women, the difference in this rate between wives in polygamous and monogamous unions vanished when both factors were controlled in a multivariate analysis.
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46
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Abstract
SummaryUsing data from the Nigerian Fertility Survey of 1981–82, the effect of polygyny on fertility is examined, by age cohort, for four regions of the country. Comparison of mean completed and current fertility suggests that changes in reproductive behaviour are taking place in Nigeria, restricting the fertility of women in polygynous unions, especially of younger women, when socioeconomic factors are taken into account.
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47
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O'Dempsey TJ. Traditional belief and practice among the Pokot people of Kenya with particular reference to mother and child health: 1. The Pokot people and their environment. Ann Trop Paediatr 1988; 8:49-60. [PMID: 2456730 DOI: 10.1080/02724936.1988.11748540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to provide effective and sympathetic health care in a community, it is essential to have a detailed understanding of the culture. This is particularly true when one is concerned with the health of mothers and their children. The Pokot people of Kenya have developed a social structure and cultural practices which aim to optimize the chance of survival of the community in an often difficult and hostile environment. When examined in detail, some of these practices are seen to be beneficial, while others are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the area of mother and child health. In recent times, Pokot society has been in a phase of transition, influenced by new opportunities of educational, economic and social interaction, particularly since the completion of a tarmac road through the district in 1983. While many of these changes are undoubtedly beneficial to the community, they have been associated with a disintegration of traditional Pokot society and accompanied by changing patterns of existing diseases, as well as the opportunity for introduction and dissemination of diseases which were previously absent from or rarely encountered in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J O'Dempsey
- Department of Tropical Paediatrics, Schools of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, U.K
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Abstract
SummaryLibya is one of the Middle East nations with very high fertility, and data from 1973 suggest the presence of a natural fertility regime marked by the absence of fertility limitation within marriage. Analysis of paternity data by occupation, however, identifies major differences in the level and pattern of childbearing. The Libyan data are compared with fertility and paternity data from an American frontier population to demonstrate that the general patterns observed are consistent with other natural fertility populations, while selected occupational groups may limit family size.
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Cutler B. Singapore's designer genes. Consum Mark Abroad 1987; 6:8-11. [PMID: 12341238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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50
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Fargues P. [The demography of Arab-Muslim marriage: tradition and change]. Maghreb Machrek 1987; 116:59-73. [PMID: 12179325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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