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Jacobs N, Kougias DG, Louie F, Roberts B. A screening-level human health risk assessment of dietary intake of pesticide residues in produce as compared to consumer guide recommendations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38626048 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2316136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Consumers are confronted with conflicting information regarding the safety of specific foods. For example, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) publishes an annual consumer guide in which they rank the pesticide contamination of 46 popular fruits and vegetables, which includes designating the 12 with the greatest pesticide contamination as the "Dirty Dozen," to help consumers reduce exposures to toxic pesticides. However, consumer guides like EWG's only incorporate some hazard assessment principles and do not reflect a dietary risk assessment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply risk assessment techniques to EWG's Dirty Dozen list using a uniform screening-level approach to estimate pesticide exposures for U.S. consumers and to characterize the associated chronic human health risks. The most commonly detected pesticide and its representative residue concentrations were identified for each produce type on the 2022 Dirty Dozen list using the USDA Pesticide Data Program database. Estimates of mean dietary consumption in the U.S. were used to calculate dietary exposure to each pesticide-produce combination for adults and children. Pesticide-specific U.S. EPA dietary health-based guidance values (HBGVs) were then used as benchmarks to evaluate the chronic human health risk of consuming each produce type. Overall, the estimated daily exposure for each pesticide-produce combination was below the corresponding HBGV for all exposure scenarios. The current analysis demonstrates that excessive produce-specific pesticide exposure is unexpected as the amount of produce that would need to be consumed on a chronic basis, even among children, far exceeds typical dietary intake. Future research is necessary to assess acute dietary exposure scenarios and to consider cumulative risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fian Louie
- Insight Exposure & Risk Sciences Group, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Ma T, Wang Q, Song M, Zhao Q, Zhang N, Guo J, Wang Y, Hou Z, Lu Z. Dissipation and Risk Assessment of Propaquizafop in Ginseng under Field Conditions. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:6613-6624. [PMID: 38501445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Propaquizafop is a highly efficient aryloxy phenoxy propionate chiral herbicide. However, the use of propaquizafop, including its safe use methods, residue patterns, dietary risk assessment, and maximum residue limits, for ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has not been studied. An analytical method was established for the simultaneous determination of propaquizafop and its four metabolites in ginseng soil, fresh ginseng, ginseng plant, and dried ginseng using HPLC-MS/MS. This approach showed good linearity (R2 ranging from 0.9827 to 0.9999) and limit of quantification ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg. The intra- and interday recovery rates of this method ranged from 71.6 to 107.1% with relative standard deviation ranging from 1.3 to 23.2%. The method was applied to detect residual samples in the field, and it was found that the degradation of propaquizafop in ginseng plants and soil followed a first-order kinetic equation. R2 was between 0.8913 and 0.9666, and the half-life (t1/2) ranged from 5.04 to 8.05 days, indicating that it was an easily degradable pesticide (T1/2 < 30 days). The final propaquizafop residues in ginseng soil, plants, fresh ginseng, and dried ginseng ranged from 0.017 to 0.691 mg/kg. A dietary risk assessment was conducted on the final propaquizafop residue in fresh and dried ginseng. The results showed that the chronic exposure risk quotient values were less than 100% for fresh and dried ginseng (1.15% for fresh ginseng and 1.13% for dried ginseng). This illustrates that the dietary risk associated with the use of 10% propaquizafop emulsifiable concentrate in ginseng is very low. Thus, applying 750 mL/ha of propaquizafop on ginseng could not pose an unacceptable risk to public health. The results of the present study support the registration of propaquizafop in ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tengda Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qingyi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Mingxia Song
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qinghui Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingbo Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yahe Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Si W, Huo K, Wu N, Yang H, Liu H, Jin X, Chen L, Huang Z, Wang S, Bai B. HRMS analysis of pesticides in vegetables from Shanghai and risk assessment. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 2024; 17:35-45. [PMID: 38087650 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2023.2280967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
A rapid analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 550 pesticide residues in vegetable samples was developed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem Q/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/Orbitrap-HRMS). To investigate the risk of exposure to pesticide residues through vegetable consumption, 704 leafy vegetable samples from Shanghai were analysed for multiple residues using this method. A total of 54 pesticide residues were identified in these vegetable samples and 302 samples contained one or more pesticide residue. The levels of the detected pesticides did not pose a health risk in the long term and were acceptable according to the results of the chronic dietary risk assessment. Risk rankings displayed that most of the pesticides were low to medium risk. The findings of this study provide a reference for future pesticide monitoring programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuai Si
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixuan Huo
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Jin
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouying Wang
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agri-food Testing Technical Service Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Dou W, Chen Y, Ye H, Fang N, Luo Y, Wang X, Li Y, He H, Cheng Y, Zhang C. Residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of picoxystrobin in potato ( Solanum tuberosum), citrus fruit ( Citrus reticulata Blanco), and Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo. J Environ Sci Health B 2024; 59:152-159. [PMID: 38347689 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2024.2313424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Picoxystrobin is a systemic fungicide widely used on potato, citrus fruit, and Dendrobium officinale. To provide information for the risk assessment of potato, citrus, and Dendrobium officinale, field experiments combined with QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS were performed to detect picoxystrobin. Picoxystrobin had good linearity (R2 > 0.99), the average recovery rate was 75 - 102%, and the relative standard deviation was 1 - 11%. Picoxystrobin was utilized as the test agent in field experiments, and samples were evaluated and analyzed at various times after the final application utilizing random sampling. The results showed that picoxystrobin residuals in potato and citrus (orange meat) were ˂ 0.01 mg kg-1, whereas those in citrus whole fruit, D. officinale (fresh), and D. officinale (dried) were < 0.05 - 0.084, 0.16 - 3.82, and 0.34 - 9.05 mg kg-1, respectively. Based on these results, both the acute risk quotient (2.77%) and chronic risk quotient (8.7%) were ˂100%, and the dietary risk assessment indicated that the intake of picoxystrobin residues in potato, citrus fruit, and D. officinale did not pose a health risk. This study can guide the reasonable use of picoxystrobin in potato, citrus fruit, and D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Fang
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei He
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youpu Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Deng P, Feng T, Ou G, Xiang Y, Hu D, Zhang Y. Degradation dynamics, residues, processing factors, and dietary risk assessment of bisultap in citrus by LC-MS/MS. J Sci Food Agric 2024; 104:1479-1486. [PMID: 37801401 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus leaf miners are a common pest harming citrus production and quality during citrus planting. During the citrus plant's growth phase, bisultap formulation was frequently used to boost yield and produce fruit of high quality. However, research on citrus's dietary risk assessment for bisultap residues, dissipation and residues is lacking. RESULTS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to develop an accurate and sensitive analytical method for derivatizing bisultap into nereistoxin in whole fruit, pulp and peel. At various levels of addition, the mean recovery of bisultap ranged from 84.64% to 111.09% with a reasonable relative RSD (< 20%). The half-lives in Guangxi and Guizhou were 3.96 and 6.03 days, respectively. After 14-21 days of bisultap application, total residues (bisultap and its metabolite nereistoxin) in the whole fruit were from < 0.02 to 0.228 mg kg-1 in the four experiment sites. Total residue (bisultap and nereistoxin, expressed by bisultap) in whole fruit was approximately 1.05-7.23 times that of pulp. The washing process with tap water removed 85.71% to 98.78% of the bisultap residue in the whole fruit. Bisultap's risk assessment value in citrus was in the range 0.16-1.28%. CONCLUSION In the whole citrus fruit, bisultap degrades rapidly. Bisultap residues primarily accumulate on citrus peels, and so washing and peeling citrus may effectively remove bisultap residues. For various age groups, the chronic dietary risk of bisultap was acceptable. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guipeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Zhao P, Liu R, Yuan L. Dissipation, Residue and Human Dietary Risk Assessment of Pyraclostrobin and Cyazofamid in Grapes Using an HPLC-UV Detector. Foods 2024; 13:314. [PMID: 38254615 PMCID: PMC10814842 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyraclostrobin is a new broad-spectrum methoxyacrylic acid fungicide. Cyazofamid is a new selective foliar spray acaricide. Here, we studied the degradation rate and final residues of pyraclostrobin and cyazofamid in grape and evaluated their dietary risk to consumers. The average recoveries of pyraclostrobin ether ester, cyazofamid and cyazofamid metabolite (CCIM) in grapes were 84-94%, 92-98% and 99-104%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 6.0-20.3%, 2.4-10.5% and 1.3-4.0%, respectively, and the LOQs were all 0.05 mg/kg. The digestion dynamics of the experimental sites were in accordance with the first-order kinetic equation. The degradation half-lives of pyraclostrobin ether ester and cyazofamid were 17.8 d-28.9 d and 4.3 d-7.8 d, respectively. The final residues of pyraclostrobin ether ester, cyazofamid and CCIM in grapes were <0.05-1.88 mg/kg, <0.05-0.31 mg/kg and <0.05-0.47 mg/kg, respectively. Using probability models, the total chronic risk values for pyraclostrobin and cyazofamid were calculated to be 0.112-189.617% and 0.021-1.714%, respectively. The results of the contribution analysis indicate that pyraclostrobin poses a much greater risk to Chinese consumers than cyazofamid, especially to children and adolescents, who have a significantly greater risk than adults. This suggests that more consideration should be given to the cumulative risk of compounds for vulnerable groups in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Rong Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Longfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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Cao J, Pei T, Wang Y, Qin S, Qi Y, Ren P, Li J. Terminal Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment of Atrazine and Isoxaflutole in Corn Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:7225. [PMID: 37894703 PMCID: PMC10609211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoxaflutole and atrazine are representative pesticides for weed control in corn fields. Formulations containing these two pesticides have been registered in China, and their residues may threaten food safety and human health. In this study, a method for simultaneous determination of isoxaflutole, atrazine, and their metabolites in fresh corn, corn kernels, and corn straw was established based on modified QuEChERS pre-treatment and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The linearity of seven compounds was good (R2 ≥ 0.9912), and the matrix effect was 48.5-77.1%. At four spiked levels of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.5 mg kg-1, all compounds' average recovery was 76% to 116%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 18.9%. Field experiments were conducted in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Beijing, and Yunnan provinces to study the terminal residues. The terminal residues of all compounds were below the LOQ (0.01 mg kg-1) in fresh corn and corn kernels, and atrazine residues in corn straw ranged from <0.05 mg kg-1 to 0.17 mg kg-1. Finally, a dietary risk assessment was conducted based on residues from field trials, food consumption, and acceptable daily intake (ADI). For all populations, the chronic dietary risk probability (RQc) of atrazine was between 0.0185% and 0.0739%, while that of isoxaflutole was 0.0074-0.0296%, much lower than 100%. The results may provide scientific guidance for using isoxaflutole and atrazine in corn field ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Cao
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (T.P.); (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (Y.Q.); (P.R.)
| | - Tao Pei
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (T.P.); (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (Y.Q.); (P.R.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (T.P.); (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (Y.Q.); (P.R.)
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 81, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (T.P.); (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (Y.Q.); (P.R.)
| | - Yanli Qi
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (T.P.); (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (Y.Q.); (P.R.)
| | - Pengcheng Ren
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (T.P.); (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (Y.Q.); (P.R.)
| | - Jindong Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, No. 79, Longcheng Street, Taiyuan 030031, China; (J.C.); (T.P.); (Y.W.); (S.Q.); (Y.Q.); (P.R.)
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Chen S, Zhang Q, Rao Q, Wang X, Du P, Song W. Dissipation, Bioconcentration and Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolites in Agaricus bisporus and Substrates under Different Application Methods. Toxics 2023; 11:500. [PMID: 37368600 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In order to acquire scientific evidence for the application of thiamethoxam (TMX) in Agaricus bisporus cultivation, residue and dissipation experiments for field trials were performed with the application of TMX in compost and casing soil, respectively. An effective QuEChERS method was established to analyze TMX and its two metabolites, clothianidin (CLO) and thiamethoxam-urea (TMX-urea), in compost, casing soil, and fruiting bodies. The results indicated that the TMX dissipation half-lives (t1/2) at dosages of 10 and 50 mg kg-1 were 19.74 d (day) and 28.87 d in compost and 33.54 d and 42.59 d in casing soil, individually. TMX, CLO, and TMX-urea were observed after TMX application in compost and casing soil. For TMX applied to the casing soil, only TMX residues were detected in fruiting bodies with bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of 0.0003~0.0009. In addition, both the chronic risk quotient (RQ) and acute risk quotient (HQ) values of TMX in fruiting bodies were far less than 1, which means the dietary health risks to humans were acceptable. However, in the TMX application to the compost, these analytes were not detected in the fruiting bodies. This suggested that the application of TMX in compost was safer than in casing soil during A. bisporus cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qicai Zhang
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Penghui Du
- College of Food Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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An D, Ko R, Kim J, Lee K, Lee JH. Fungicide Dissipation Kinetics and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment in Squash Fruit and Leaf. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061291. [PMID: 36981217 PMCID: PMC10048305 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The dissipation behavior and dietary exposure risk assessment of four fungicides (dimethomorph, mandipropamid, myclobutanil, and metalaxyl) was performed in fruits and leaves of squash grown under greenhouse conditions. Squash fruit and leaf samples were randomly collected at 0, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the last pesticide application. Analysis was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was used for sample preparation. Recovery rates at two spiked levels (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) were found to be in the range of 76.4%-101.9% for the analyzed pesticides and their relative standard deviations were ≤4%. Pesticide half-lives were 2.1 and 4.9 days for dimethomorph, 4.6 and 8.1 days for mandipropamid, 4.7 and 8.2 days for myclobutanil, and 2.7 and 5 days for metalaxyl in squash fruit and leaf, respectively. Regarding the total surveyors, hazard quotient values for squash fruit and leaf were ≤1.03 × 10-3 and ≤2.39 × 10-3, respectively. These values in the case of true consumers were ≤3.14 × 10-3 and ≤3.91 × 10-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai An
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakdo Ko
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinchan Kim
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghun Lee
- Korea Conformity Laboratories, Bio Division, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Zhao X, Dong C, Hu J. Residue levels of emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid and its major metabolites in cabbage from 12 regions in China and dietary risk assessment. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5617. [PMID: 36882187 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established to investigate the residues of emamectin benzoate (EB), imidacloprid (IMI) and five IMI metabolites (IMI-olefin, IMI-urea, IMI-guanidine, 5-OH and 6-CNA) in cabbage. The average recoveries of the seven compounds in cabbage were 80-102%, with relative standard deviations < 8.0%. The limit of quantification for each compound was 0.01 mg kg-1 . Standardized residue tests were carried out in 12 areas of China under Good Agricultural Practice conditions. A 10% EB-IMI microcapsule suspension was applied once with the high recommended dosage (18 g a.i. ha-1 ) on cabbage. The residues of EB (<0.01 mg kg-1 ), IMI (<0.016 mg kg-1 ) and the sum of IMI and its metabolites (<0.068 mg kg-1 ) in cabbage with the recommended preharvest interval (7 days) were lower than the maximum residue limits in China. Based on residual data from fields, toxicology data and Chinese dietary patterns, dietary risk assessments were conducted. Both the chronic risk quotients (25.2-73.1%) and acute risk quotients (0.43-1.57%) of EB and IMI were below 100%, indicating no unacceptable public health risk for different populations. This study provides guidance on the rational application of these insecticides in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- Lab of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Statement on the short-term (acute) dietary risk assessment and evaluation of confirmatory data for certain maximum residue levels (MRLs) for thiacloprid. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07888. [PMID: 36936510 PMCID: PMC10015440 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the European Commission requested EFSA to assess whether existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) based on codex maximum residue limits (CXLs) and import tolerances for thiacloprid are safe for consumers in light of the lowered toxicological acute reference value established following the non-renewal of approval of the active substance thiacloprid. Based on the assessment, EFSA identified a potential acute concern for the CXL on peaches and sweet peppers. EFSA did not identify a consumer health risk for all the other remaining commodities of plant and animal origin.
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Yuan L, Wu H, Wang J, Zhou M, Zhang L, Xiang J, Liao Q, Luo L, Qian M, Zhang D. Pharmacokinetics, withdrawal time, and dietary risk assessment of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin, and sulfachloropyridazine-trimethoprim in Taihe black-boned silky fowls. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1743-1752. [PMID: 36789868 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) and sulfachloropyridazine combined with trimethoprim (TMP) were commonly used in poultries to treat bacterial infections. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of these antibiotics in four tissues of Taihe black-boned silky fowls was studied. The results showed that these drugs were absorbed and distributed rapidly, with the highest concentration showing in skin. Meanwhile, ENR and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) and TMP were depleted slowly, particularly in skin with the elimination half-lives being 37.1, 36.9, and 72.7 days, respectively. It may be attributed to the abundance of melanin in skin. The dietary risk assessment suggested that the long-term dietary intakes of ENR, CIP, and TMP showed a considerable threat to human health. Based on the experiment, the withdrawal times of 284 days for ENR + CIP and 159 days for TMP were acquired, which showed that these drugs are not appropriate for the application in Taihe black-boned silky fowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Hangzhou Puyu Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiegen Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Linguang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Mingrong Qian
- key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dawen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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Sun M, Yi X, Tong Z, Dong X, Chu Y, Meng D, Duan J. Residual Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Chlorfenapyr and Its Metabolites in Radish. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020580. [PMID: 36677638 PMCID: PMC9866042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorfenapyr, as a highly effective and low-toxicity insect growth regulation inhibitor, has been used to control cross-cruciferous vegetable pests. However, the pesticide residue caused by its application threatens human health. In this paper, the residue digestion and final residue of chlorfenapyr in radish were studied in a field experiment. The results of the dynamic digestion test showed that the half-life of chlorfenapyr in radish leaves ranged from 6.0 to 6.4 days, and the digestion rate was fast. The median residual values of chlorfenapyr in radish and radish leaves at 14 days after treatment were 0.12 and 3.92 mg/kg, respectively. The results of the dietary intake risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of chlorfenapyr in various populations in China were 0.373 and 5.66 µg/(kg bw·d), respectively. The risk entropy (RQ) was 0.012 and 0.147, respectively, indicating that the chronic dietary intake risk of chlorfenapyr in radish was low. The results of this study provided data support and a theoretical basis for guiding the scientific use of chlorfenapyr in radish production and evaluating the dietary risk of chlorfenapyr in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaotong Yi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Dandan Meng
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jinsheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence:
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Zhang T, Xu Y, Zhou X, Liang X, Bai Y, Sun F, Zhang W, Wang N, Pang X, Li Y. Dissipation Kinetics and Safety Evaluation of Flonicamid in Four Various Types of Crops. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238615. [PMID: 36500708 PMCID: PMC9738400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemical insecticide flonicamid is widely used to control aphids on crops. Differences among crops make the universality of detection methods a particularly important consideration. The aim of this study was to establish a universal, sensitive, accurate and efficient method for the determination of flonicamid residues in peach, cucumber, cabbage and cotton. QuEChERS pretreatment was combined with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A satisfactory recovery rate of 84.3-99.3% was achieved at three spiking levels, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.41-5.95%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of flonicamid in the four matrices was 0.01 mg/kg. The residue and dissipation kinetics of flonicamid in four types of crops in various locations were determined by using the optimized method. The results showed that flonicamid had a high dissipation rate in the four different types of crops and a half-life in the different matrices and locations of 2.28-9.74 days. The terminal residue of flonicamid was lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL). The risk quotient (RQ) of flonicamid was 4.4%, which is significantly lower than 100%. This result shows that the dietary risk presented by using flonicamid at the maximum recommended dose is low and acceptable. The comprehensive long-term dietary risk assessment of flonicamid performed in this study provides a reference for the protection of consumer health and safe insecticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Xiaojie Liang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Fengshou Sun
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Xiuyu Pang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
| | - Yuekun Li
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Wolfberry Science Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
- Correspondence:
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Wei L, Hou X, Hou Z, Yu X, Wang X, Zhao Q, Gao H, Liu H, Zheng X, Lu Z. Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of Pydiflumetofen Residues in Soybean. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238465. [PMID: 36500554 PMCID: PMC9738132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry, was chosen for detecting pydiflumetofen residues in soybean plants, soybeans and soil, and assessing the risk of short- and long-term dietary intake. Pydiflumetofen concentrations ranging from 0.001−0.5 mg/L exhibited good linearity (r > 0.997). At varying doses, the average pydiflumetofen recovery rates and relative standard deviations among soybean plants, soybeans, and soil ranged from 83.9 ± 1.1% to 99.5 ± 3.3% and from 0.77 to 7.77%, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the chosen methodology met the requirements of pesticide residue analysis. The results of the degradation dynamics test showed that the half-life of pydiflumetofen (t1/2) in soybean plants and in soil were 3.6 to 5.7 and from 7.9 to 25.7 d, respectively. Assessment of the concentration of pydiflumetofen residues in soybeans revealed acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of 0.06 and 7.54%, respectively. As these values are very low, pydiflumetofen residues in soybeans present an acceptable risk to public health. The results of this study will help to guide the practical application of pydiflumetofen and minimize the environmental risks associated with its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xingang Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiguang Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-431-8451-0942
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qinghui Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hemin Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hanju Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongbin Lu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Singh S, Solanki V, Bardhan K, Kansara R, Vyas TK, Gandhi K, Dhakan D, Ali HM, Siddiqui MH. Evaluation of Ozonation Technique for Pesticide Residue Removal in Okra and Green Chili Using GC-ECD and LC-MS/MS. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3202. [PMID: 36501242 PMCID: PMC9739672 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agricultural commodities has become a global health concern. Various household methods are employed to remove pesticide residues from agricultural commodities, e.g., water and ozone. Many ozone-based commercial pesticide removal machines are available in the market for the general public. The current study compares the pesticide removal efficiency of ozone-based washing of fruits and vegetables to simple tap water through commercially available machines and its health risk assessment to different age groups of consumers. The okra and green chili fruits were treated with acetamiprid and ethion as foliar application at the fruiting stage, using the recommended dose (RD) and double to the recommended dose (2RD), respectively. A modified QuEChERS-based pesticide extraction method was verified for its accuracy, precision, linearity, and sensitivity. The treated samples were washed with tap and ozonated water at different intervals, i.e., 3, 8, and 10 min using a commercial food purifier. Washing with ozonized water for 3 min recorded the maximum removal of acetamiprid and ethion from okra and chili fruits. Further, the risk quotient values (RQ) obtained were lower than one at both doses. Thus, washing vegetables with ozonized water for 3 min ensures vegetables are safer for general consumption without any health risk to Indian consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Singh
- Food Quality Testing Laboratory, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Vanrajsinh Solanki
- Food Quality Testing Laboratory, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Kirti Bardhan
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Rohan Kansara
- Food Quality Testing Laboratory, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Trupti K. Vyas
- Food Quality Testing Laboratory, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India
| | - Kelvin Gandhi
- Food Quality Testing Laboratory, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Li X, Sun Z, Yan T, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu M, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Xu H. Residue and distribution of drip irrigation and spray application of two diamide pesticides in corn and dietary risk assessment for different consumer groups. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:6676-6686. [PMID: 35608937 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the use of diamide insecticides on corn continues to increase, there is growing concern about their residue levels on corn and dietary risks to populations. In this study, the distribution, dispersion and transfer efficiency of two diamide insecticides (tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCAP) and cyantraniliprole (CNAP)) in different parts of corn and soil were investigated in a 1-year field trial in Guangzhou and Lanzhou using two different application methods - spray and drip irrigation, respectively - and the dietary risk of the insecticides to different consumer populations was assessed under the two application methods. RESULTS The results showed that drip irrigation had a longer persistence period than spraying, and there was a hysteresis in the absorption distribution of the agent in different parts of corn, which was gradually transferred to the leaves after absorption from the roots. The average TE1 (transfer efficiency) and TE2 were 0.230-0.261 and 1.749-1.851 for TCAP and 0.168-0.187 and 2.363-2.815 for CNAP, respectively. At corn harvest, both TCAP and CNAP were below detectable levels in soil and corn. For different consumer populations, hazard quotients ranged from 0.001 to 0.066 for TCAP and from 0.003 to 0.568 for CNAP - both well below 100%. CONCLUSION This study indicates that TCAP and CNAP applied by spray or drip irrigation are safe for long-term risk of human intake and also provides guidance for the use of both insecticides in agricultural production to control corn pests, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Yan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu F, Xu D, Du G, Guo Z, Zha X, Chen L. Residue analysis, dissipation patterns of chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron and their corresponding metabolites in tea trees, and dietary intake risk assessment. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5826-5836. [PMID: 35426151 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, chlorfenapyr and diafenthiuron have been widely used to prevent and control diseases and pests in tea production. However, rare studies have investigated the dissipation patterns of chlorfenapyr, diafenthiuron and their metabolites simultaneously in tea matrices. Here, we established an analytical method to investigate the degradation patterns of five target compounds in tea shoots and made tea samples. Moreover, the dietary intake risk assessment of chlorfenapyr-diafenthiuron mixture among Chinese populations was evaluated based on the supervised field experiment. RESULTS The mean recoveries of the primary analytes at five spiking levels were between 95.6% and 112.6% in tea shoots and made tea, respectively, and the values of RSD (relative standard deviation) were lower than 9.7% for all the target analytes. The field trial results showed that the half-lives of chlorfenapyr and diafenthiuron based on the residue definition were 10.0-12.4 days and 4.3-5.9 days, respectively, in tea shoots. For the dietary intake risk assessment, the risk quotient (RQ) values in made tea ranged from 30.4% to 73.9% at the pre-harvest interval of 14 days, which were significantly less than 100%. CONCLUSION The accuracy and precision of the developed method were satisfied by the measurement requirements according to the validation results. The dynamic dissipation experiments suggested that diafenthiuron was much easier to dissipate than chlorfenapyr. Moreover, the existence of tralopyril made the half-life of chlorfenapyr significantly increase, indicating that practical application of chlorfenapyr should take careful consideration of its metabolite. Finally, the potential chronic dietary risks of the chlorfenapyr-diafenthiuron mixture to human communities were within the acceptable range. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongming Du
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zha
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyang Chen
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Huang J, Lin S, Zhou J, Chen H, Tang S, Wu J, Huang S, Cheng D, Zhang Z. Dissipation and Distribution of Prochloraz in Bananas and a Risk Assessment of Its Dietary Intake. Toxics 2022; 10:435. [PMID: 36006113 PMCID: PMC9415821 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a systematic fungicide, prochloraz is often used to control banana freckle disease, and it is significant to assess the safety and risk of prochloraz. METHODS The dissipation kinetics and distribution of prochloraz in bananas were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The results showed that the fortified recoveries in bananas were 83.01-99.12%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.45-7.84%. The half-life of prochloraz in banana peel (3.93-5.60 d) was significantly lower than it was in whole banana (8.25-10.80 d) and banana pulp (10.35-12.84 d). The terminal residue of prochloraz in banana fruits was below the maximum residue level (MRL, China) at pre-harvest intervals (PHI) of 21 d. Moreover, the residue of prochloraz in banana peel was always 1.06-7.71 times greater than it was in banana pulp. The dietary risk assessment results indicated that the prochloraz residue in bananas at PHI of 21 d was safe for representative populations. (4) Conclusions: We found that a 26.7% prochloraz emulsion oil in water (EW) diluted 1000-fold and sprayed three times under field conditions was safe and reliable, providing a reference for the safe application of prochloraz in bananas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Sukun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingtong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Huiya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Shiqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Suqing Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Plant Protection, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.H.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (H.C.); (S.T.); (J.W.)
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Lv L, Su Y, Dong B, Lu W, Hu J, Liu X. Dissipation Residue Behaviors and Dietary Risk Assessment of Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin in Watermelon by HPLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:4410. [PMID: 35889283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides containing active ingredients of boscalid and pyraclostrobin have been widely applied in watermelon disease control. To provide data for avoiding health hazards caused by fungicides, we investigated its terminal residues and evaluated the dietary risk. In this work, watermelon samples were collected from field sites in six provinces and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of boscalid and pyraclostrobin in the watermelon matrix were 97–108% and 93–103%, respectively, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤ 9.1%. The limits of quantifications (LOQs) were 0.01 and 0.005 mg/kg for boscalid and pyraclostrobin. Twenty-one days after applying the test pesticide with 270 g a.i./ha, the terminal residues of boscalid and pyraclostrobin were all below 0.05 mg/kg and below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) recommended by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). According to the national estimated daily intake (NEDI), the risk quotients (RQs) of boscalid and pyraclostrobin were 48.4% and 62.6%, respectively. That indicated the pesticide evaluated in watermelon exhibited a low dietary risk to consumers. All data provide a reference for the MRL establishment of boscalid in watermelon for China.
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An Q, Wu Y, Li D, Hao X, Pan C, Rein A. Development and application of a numerical dynamic model for pesticide residues in apple orchards. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:2679-2692. [PMID: 35365948 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited understanding of the fate of pesticides in apple orchards may lead to recurring pests or pose risks to food safety. In this study, through a field experiment conducted in an apple orchard, a dynamic plant uptake model, coupled with a soil water model, was developed to simulate measured pesticide concentrations in soil and different plant compartments. RESULTS Results showed that the overall model could adequately describe the data set of four pesticides in the apple orchard. An estimated 15%-24.7% of applied pesticides were deposited on leaves and 0.37%-0.58% on fruits. Decreasing pesticide concentrations in fruits were observed after pesticide application, with 9.6%-64.8% of this decrease explained by biodegradation, 29.8%-75.8% by fruit growth dilution and 11.3%-47.6% by wash-off. Furthermore, a first estimation of dietary risks indicated that ingestion of the apples may not represent an acute or chronic risk to human health. CONCLUSION The dynamic plant uptake model, coupled with the tipping buckets soil water model, could successfully be fitted to describe to the data set for the fate of four pesticides applied in an apple orchard. The contribution of different pathways to pesticide concentration was highly influenced by precipitation, fruit growth dilution and the characteristics of different pesticides. This model can improve our understanding of pesticide fate in apple orchards and has great potential for supporting food safety assessment and decision-making to minimize impacts arising from pesticide applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanshun An
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Hao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Arno Rein
- Chair of Hydrogeology, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chen W, Li K, Chen A, Luo X, Xiong H, Song Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of tebuconazole in loquat and sugarcane after open-field application in China. J Environ Sci Health B 2022; 57:497-503. [PMID: 35548864 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2062984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole is an effective but potentially carcinogenic fungicide. Tebuconazole residues in loquat and sugarcane were investigated, together with an analysis of their dietary risk. Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed fortified recoveries of 87% to 98%, with standard deviations ≤ 6.4%. The tebuconazole residues were below 6.34 mg kg-1 for whole loquat and 0.80 mg kg-1 for sugarcane. Based on the final residue test, the chronic hazard index was 90.74% in whole loquat and sugarcane, while the acute hazard index ranged from 66.32% to 109.49% for loquat and 33.37% to 76.93% for sugarcane. The assessment of potential dietary risk showed that while loquats may represent an acute risk to human health, whereas sugarcane consumption was safe. A 21-day pre-harvest interval is proposed to comply with maximum residue limit regulations and the observed risks when using 430 g/L tebuconazole for treating sugarcane. These findings offer guidance for tebuconazole formulation and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Kailong Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zengshou Song
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guizhou Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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Li H, Sun F, Hu S, Sun Q, Zou N, Li B, Mu W, Lin J. Determination of Market, Field Samples, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Chlorfenapyr and Tralopyril in 16 Crops. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091246. [PMID: 35563970 PMCID: PMC9102846 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent and massive use of chlorfenapyr has led to pesticide residues in crops, threatening food safety and human health. However, there is limited research on the detection of tralopyril, which is the major metabolite of chlorfenapyr with high toxicity. This study aimed to develop a novel, sensitive, and highly efficient method for the determination of chlorfenapyr and tralopyril residues in 16 crops. The optimized purification procedure provided satisfactory recovery of 76.6-110%, with relative standard deviations of 1.3-11.1%. The quantification values of pesticides in crop matrixes were all 0.01 μg kg-1. The optimal method was adopted to determine the chlorfenapyr and tralopyril residues in field trials in 12 regions in China and monitor their residues in 16 agricultural products. The results of the dissipation and terminal residue experiments show that the final residue of chlorfenapyr was less than MRL (maximum residue limit) and no tralopyril was detected in the field samples. Moreover, the qualification proportion of these residues in market samples were up to 99.5%. The RQ (risk quotient) values of chlorfenapyr and chlorfenapyr with consideration of tralopyril were both apparently lower than an RQ of 100%, indicating an acceptable level. This research provides a thorough long-term dietary risk evaluation on chlorfenapyr and tralopyril and would provide reference for their scientific and safe utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (H.L.); (S.H.); (N.Z.); (B.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Fengshou Sun
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (F.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Shuai Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (H.L.); (S.H.); (N.Z.); (B.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Qi Sun
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (F.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Nan Zou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (H.L.); (S.H.); (N.Z.); (B.L.); (W.M.)
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (F.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (H.L.); (S.H.); (N.Z.); (B.L.); (W.M.)
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (F.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (H.L.); (S.H.); (N.Z.); (B.L.); (W.M.)
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (F.S.); (Q.S.)
| | - Jin Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (H.L.); (S.H.); (N.Z.); (B.L.); (W.M.)
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; (F.S.); (Q.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0538-8242611
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Xu F, Xu D, Hu M, Chen L, Xu C, Zha X. Dissipation behaviour, residue analysis, and dietary safety evaluation of chlorfenapyr on various vegetables in China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:724-739. [PMID: 35104200 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.2025269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorfenapyr has been widely used in recent years to control a variety of pests on fruit and vegetables. Cabbage, leek, asparagus, and chive are four of the most common green foods consumed word wide; their pesticide residue issues have also received more attention. Therefore, studies on the residue analysis, degradation evaluation and dietary risk assessment based on the complete residue definition of chlorfenapyr on these four vegetables were essential and urgently needed. A reliable analytical method was developed and applied to simultaneously determine the content of chlorfenapyr and its metabolite tralopyril residues on the four vegetables. Recoveries were satisfactory (84%-110% for chlorfenapyr; 83%-106% for tralopyril) at a spiked level of 0.01-1 mg/kg, with intraday precision (n = 5) and interday precision (n = 15) ranging from 1.6% to 8.9% and from 2.4% to 9.1%, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs) were all 0.01 mg/kg. On the basis of supervised field trials, the degradation half-lives of chlorfenapyr were 1.2-9.8 days. Chlorfenapyr rapidly degraded on asparagus, but persisted much longer on chive. The terminal concentration of chlorfenapyr residues varied from <0.01 to 0.84 mg/kg. Additionally, the risk quotients (RQs) ranged from 4.7% to 13.8%, suggesting that chlorfenapyr had a negligible risk for chronic dietary intake of these crops. This study was thus significant in evaluating the degradation rate and quality safety of chlorfenapyr on various vegetables and promoted the development of maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Xu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Hu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuyang Chen
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlong Xu
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zha
- Analysis Center, Residue Laboratory, Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Li KL, Chen WY, Zhang M, Luo XW, Liu Y, Zhang DY, Chen A. Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin for Chinese consumption of Chinese kale. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:417-424. [PMID: 34143904 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamethoxam is widely used to control pests in Chinese kale, popularly consumed leafy vegetables. The potential risk to the environment and human health has aroused much public concern. Therefore, it is important to investigate the degradation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale. RESULTS A sensitive analytical method for determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin residue in Chinese kale was established and validated through a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique with ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The recoveries were 85.4-101.2% for thiamethoxam and 79.5-108.1% for clothianidin, with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9-10.2% and 1.8-6.0%, respectively. For the dissipation kinetics, the data showed that thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was degraded with the half-lives of 4.1 to 4.5 days. In the terminal residue experiments, the residues of thiamethoxam were 0.017-0.357 mg kg-1 after application 2-3 times with a preharvest interval (PHI) of 7 days under the designed dosages. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessment risk quotient (RQ) values of thiamethoxam in Chinese kale for different Chinese consumers were 0.08-0.19% and 0.05-0.12%, respectively, and those of clothianidin were 0.01-0.04% and 0.02-0.04%, respectively, all of the RQ values were lower than 100%. CONCLUSION Thiamethoxam in Chinese kale was rapidly degraded following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of thiamethoxam and clothianidin through Chinese kale was negligible to consumers. The results from this study are important reference for Chinese governments to developing criteria for the safe and rational use of thiamethoxam, setting maximum residue levels (MRLs), monitoring the quality safety of agricultural products and protecting consumer health. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Long Li
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Wu-Ying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Wen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - De-Yong Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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Feng Y, Zhang A, Bian Y, Liang L, Zuo B. Determination, residue analysis, dietary risk assessment and processing of flupyradifurone and its metabolites in pepper under field conditions by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5312. [PMID: 34981517 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An effective method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was established to determine the concentrations of flupyradifurone, difluoroacetic acid, and 6-chloronicotinic acid in pepper. On the basis of this method, the dissipation, processing factor, and dietary risk of flupyradifurone in pepper were investigated. The results show that the half-life of flupyradifurone in peppers was 2.6-3.8 days. The terminal residual concentration of flupyradifurone in the supervised trials was not higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for pepper in the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) (0.9 mg kg-1 ) with the highest residual values of 0.53 mg kg-1 . The national estimated daily intake of flupyradifurone was 0.00094 mg kg-1 , based on the dietary structure of Chinese consumers and the terminal residues under field conditions. The risk quotient for flupyradifurone was 0.012, which was significantly < 1. The processing factor of flupyradifurone in dried pepper was 10.9-14.2, which indicated that drying increased the residual amounts of flupyradifurone in dried pepper, but the residual concentration was still lower than its MRL of 9 mg kg-1 established by CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Pesticide of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Aijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Pesticide of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yanli Bian
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Pesticide of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Pesticide of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bojun Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Pesticide of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Pesticide Sciences, Jinan, China
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Li P, Hu J. Residual levels and dietary risk assessment of bifenthrin and dinotefuran and its major metabolites in open wheat field conditions. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5267. [PMID: 34654060 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the residual levels of bifenthrin and dinotefuran, a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of bifenthrin and dinotefuran and its major metabolites in wheat was developed and validated. Dietary risk assessments were further performed based on the relevant residual data from 12 wheat fields, toxicology data and dietary patterns. In wheat grain and straw, the recoveries of all analytes ranged from 77 to 102% with the relative standard deviation <9.7% and the limit of quantitation 0.05 mg kg-1 . The highest terminal residue of bifenthrin in wheat grain was 0.069 mg kg-1 and dinotefuran was 0.34 mg kg-1 . Residual concentrations of bifenthrin and dinotefuran decreased to <0.05 and 0.15 mg kg-1 at 21 days (pre-harvest interval), respectively. The chronic risk quotient ranged from 6.4 to 62.7% and the acute risk quotient varied from 0.38 to 17.73%. The chronic and acute dietary risks caused by the terminal residues of the two insecticides were negligible for Chinese populations. The recommended pre-harvest interval was proposed to ensure safe wheat consumption. These data could provide a scientific reference to establish the Chinese maximum residue limit of dinotefuran in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Liang Y, Chen X, Hu J. Terminal residue and dietary intake risk assessment of prothioconazole-desthio and fluoxastrobin in wheat field ecosystem. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4900-4906. [PMID: 33543480 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops worldwide, and use of fungicides is an essential part of wheat production. Both prothioconazole and fluoxastrobin give excellent control of important seed and soilborne pathogens. The combination of these two fungicides shows a complementary mode of action and has a wide usage around the world. But the residue levels of these fungicides in the wheat matrix are still unknown. RESULTS In the current study, a simple, low-cost and highly sensitive method using modified QuECHERS procedure combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed to simultaneously quantify E- and Z-fluoxastrobin and the main metabolite prothioconazole-desthio of prothioconazole in the wheat matrix. The recoveries of prothioconazole-desthio, E-fluoxastrobin and Z-fluoxastrobin ranged from 84% to 101%, with relative standard deviation of less than 13.2%. The terminal residues of prothioconazole-desthio and E- and Z-fluoxastrobin were studied in wheat grain and straw under field conditions. The results showed that the terminal residue of the target compounds ranged from <0.01 to 0.029 mg kg-1 and <0.05 to 7.6 mg kg-1 in wheat grain and straw (expressed as dry weight), respectively. The risk quotients of prothioconazole-desthio and fluoxastrobin were 0.2% and 3.2%. CONCLUSIONS The residue levels of the target analytes in wheat grain were lower than the maximum residue limits recommended by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture. And the calculated risk quotient values were far below 100%, indicating a low dietary intake health risk to consumers. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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Yu J, Xu Z, Zhang C, Chen L, Hu X, Yu R, Zhao X. Residue behavior and risk assessment of validamycin a in grape under field conditions. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:587-593. [PMID: 34102954 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1926179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation and residue of validamycin A in grapes were investigated under field conditions. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of validamycin A in grapes was established and validated. Methanol and water (90/10, v/v) were used for validamycin A extraction and purification used MCX solid-phase extraction cartridges. The average recoveries of validamycin A in grapes at 0.01, 0.50, and 5.0 mg/kg levels were between 83.8 and 91.4%, with relative standard deviations of 2.3-3.0%. The half-lives of validamycin A in grape were 4.4-6.1 days. The terminal residues in grapes over a range of harvest times (7, 14, and 21 days) were no more than 0.73 mg/kg. According to Chinese consumption data, the risk quotient (RQ) of validamycin A was 3.22%, demonstrating a low risk to consumers. The current study may offer guidance for validamycin A use and could aid the government in determining the maximum residue level (MRL) values for validamycin A in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liezhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruixian Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Yao S, Zhao Z, Lu W, Dong X, Hu J, Liu X. Evaluation of Dissipation Behavior, Residues, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Fludioxonil in Cherry via QuEChERS Using HPLC-MS/MS Technique. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113344. [PMID: 34199388 PMCID: PMC8199599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical fungicide fludioxonil is widely used to control post-harvest fungal disease in cherries. This study was implemented to investigate the dissipation behaviours and residues of fludioxonil on cherries. A reliable and efficient analytical method was established. Cherry samples from four product areas were analyzed by QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS methods with acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 81–94%), and precision (relative standard deviation of 2.5–11.9%). The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) of cherries were 0.01 mg/kg and 0.005 mg/kg. The dissipation of fludioxonil on cherries followed first order kinetics with half-lives of 33.7–44.7 days. The terminal residues of fludioxonil were all lower than 5.00 mg/kg, which is the MRL recommended by the European Commission. According to Chinese dietary patterns and terminal residue distributions, the risk quotient (RQs) of fludioxonil was 0.61%, revealing that the evaluated cherries exhibited an acceptably low dietary risk to consumers.
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Chai Y, Liu R, He W, Xu F, Chen Z, Li L, Li W, Yuan L. Dissipation Behavior, Residue, and Risk Assessment of Benziothiazolinone in Apples. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:4478. [PMID: 33922495 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Benziothiazolinone is the first independently developed fungicide in China. It has been used to effectively control fungal diseases in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and crops. In this study, the degradation behavior and final residue of benziothiazolinone in apples is discussed, and the dietary risk to consumers was evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine benziothiazolinone residues in apple samples from eight different regions of China. The average recovery of benziothiazolinone in apples was 85.5-100.2%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.8-14.9%. The limits of the method of quantification of benziothiazolinone in apples was 0.01 mg/kg. Under good agricultural practices (GAP) conditions, the final residues of benziothiazolinone in apples were below 0.01 mg/kg, lower than the maximum residual limit (MRL) of China. Although the degradation half-lives of benziothiazolinone were 23.9 d-33.0 d, the risk quotient (RQ) of benziothiazolinone was 15.5% by calculating the national estimated daily intake and comparing it with the acceptable daily intake. These results suggested that under GAP conditions, the intake of benziothiazolinone from apples exhibits an acceptably low health risk on consumers.
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Bai A, Chen A, Chen W, Luo X, Liu S, Zhang M, Liu Y, Zhang D. Study on degradation behaviour, residue distribution, and dietary risk assessment of propiconazole in celery and onion under field application. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:1998-2005. [PMID: 32949153 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propiconazole is widely used to control fungal diseases in field crops, including celery and onion. The potential risk to the environment and human health has aroused much public concern. Therefore, it is significant to investigate the degradation behaviour, residue distribution, and dietary risk assessment of propiconazole in celery and onion. RESULTS A sensitive analytical method for determination of propiconazole residue in celery and onion was established and validated through high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The average recovery rate of propiconazole ranged from 85.7% to 101.8%, with a relative standard deviation of 2.1-6.3%. For the dissipation kinetics, the data showed that propiconazole in celery and onion was degraded, with half-lives of 6.1-6.2 days and 8.7-8.8 days respectively. In the terminal residue experiments, the residues of propiconazole were below 4.66 mg kg-1 in celery after application two or three times and were below 0.029 mg kg-1 in onion after application of three or four times with an interval of 14 days under the designed dosages. The chronic and acute dietary exposure assessments for propiconazole were valued by risk quotient, with all values being lower than 100%. CONCLUSION Propiconazole in celery and onion was rapidly degraded following first-order kinetics models. The dietary risk of propiconazole through celery or onion was negligible to consumers. The study not only offers a valuable reference for reasonable usage of propiconazole on celery and onion, but also facilitates the establishment of maximum residue limits in China. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Bai
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Wuying Chen
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xiangwen Luo
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, 410125, China
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
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Abstract
Plant protection products (PPPs) are preparations intended to protect plants and their products including one or more active substances. The use of PPPs may cause direct or indirect risks. Residues that can remain in or on food might pose a danger to human health through consumption and acute or/and chronic exposure. Authorisation of active substances and PPPs are decided at European and national level, respectively. Risk assessment of dietary exposure to residues of PPPs is regulated by a very extensive legal framework, ensuring consumer safety. The review and evaluation of the residue section of active substance monographs and the dossiers for PPP authorisations within the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) helped gain hands‐on experience on food risk assessment, as previewed in the framework of the European Food Risk Assessment Fellowship Programme (EU‐FORA). The programme also focused on the cumulative effects of acute exposure to pesticides in food on the human nervous system using probabilistic methodology and it was in continuation of the work carried out by ANSES and the regulated products department residue unit. Using the European Database for processing factors for pesticides in food was one of the main challenges in order to approach a more realistic scenario of exposure. The probabilistic methodology followed was used in accordance with the European Food Safety Authority harmonised guidance.
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Zhao J, Tan Z, Wen Y, Fan S, Liu C. Dissipation of fluazinam in citrus groves and a risk assessment for its dietary intake. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2052-2056. [PMID: 31875964 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Fluazinam is a fungicide that is used to control fungal diseases, and its dissipation and residue in citrus fruits should be studied. RESULTS A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) procedure combined with gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) has been developed. The fortified recoveries ranged from 82.1% to 105.9%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 5.7%. Fluazinam dissipated relatively quickly following first-order kinetics, with a half-life of 8.5-9.5 days. The experiments on the terminal residue of fluazinam in citrus were conducted at six locations in China, and the risk quotient (RQ) method was applied to citrus fruits for dietary exposure risk assessment based on the terminal residue test. The RQs of fluazinam at three preharvest intervals (PHIs) (21, 28, and 35 days) were all less than 100%, which is an acceptable level for human consumption. The present study provides a reference for the establishment of maximum residue limit (MRL) for fluazinam in citrus. CONCLUSIONS The dissipation and residues of fluazinam in citrus were monitored. The half-life of less than 10 days showed that fluazinam could degrade relatively easily in citrus. The risk assessment also indicated the intake safety of fluazinam in citrus. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pang N, Dou X, Hu J. Residue behaviours, dissipation kinetics and dietary risk assessment of pyaclostrobin, cyazofamid and its metabolite in grape. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6167-6172. [PMID: 31226227 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape is an important fruit consumed either fresh or processed, therefore, fungicide misuse of grape has become an issue of global food safety and human health. Pyraclostrobin, and cyazofamid have been applied to grape frequently. RESULTS Here a simple QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technique has been developed and validated for the determination of pyraclostrobin, cyazofamid and its metabolite CCIM in open field grape samples. The recoveries of these three in the range of 0.01 to 5 mg kg-1 (n = 5) ranged from 73.1% to 97.9%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 12% for all cases. The limits of quantitation of each analyte was 0.005 mg kg-1 , which was lower than maximum residue limits of not only pyraclostrobin but also cyazofamid. Not only dissipation kinetics but also residue determination was obtained in grape for those three pesticides. Furthermore, their half-lives in grapes were 10.7-30.1 days, recommending the pre-harvest intervals for these three of 14 days. The calculated hazard quotient and acute hazard index lower than 100% illustrated the safety of intake of grape for the Chinese population for not only long-term but also short-term dietary risk assessment. CONSLUSIONS The less than 30 day half-life illustrated that pyraclostrobin and cyazofamid could degrade relatively easily in the environment. The long-term and short-term dietary risk assessment also illustrated the intake safety of these three. Thus, a 14 day pre-harvest interval was safe and recommended. The results of this study contributed to environmental protection, food safety and human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Pang
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Dou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Hu
- Laboratory of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Toxicology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China
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Dong X, Tong Z, Chu Y, Sun M, Wang M, Gao T, Duan J. Dissipation of Prothioconazole and Its Metabolite Prothioconazole-Desthio in Rice Fields and Risk Assessment of Its Dietary Intake. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:6458-6465. [PMID: 31090421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop, with a long history of cultivation in China, and is one of the important staple foods for Chinese today. However, the occurrence of rice diseases has had a substantial impact on its yield. At present, chemical control is the main means of prevention and control of rice diseases. As a high-efficacy and broad-spectrum fungicide, prothioconazole shows an ideal effect on the prevention and control of common rice diseases, but the residuals that remain after its use may have an impact on human health. In this paper, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to develop a residue analysis method and explore the dissipation of prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio in rice grain, rice husk, and rice plants, and the risks of chronic and acute dietary intake of prothioconazole in different Chinese populations were evaluated. The results showed that at a concentration range of 0.005-5.0 μg/mL, prothioconazole and its metabolites showed good linear correlations, and the correlation coefficients were all above 0.9992. The average recoveries of prothioconazole in three matrixes ranged from 80.0% to 99.7%, the RSD was between 1.54% and 11.0%, and the limit of quantitation was less than 0.01 μg/g. The sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the established method all met the measurement requirements. The dissipation experimental results showed that the parent compound prothioconazole was rapidly metabolized to prothioconazole-desthio in the rice field environment, and the dissipation half-life in rice plants after application was 2.5-10.1 d. According to the results of dietary risk assessment, under the standardized residue test conditions, the residual level of rice at the sampling interval of 7 days was within the acceptable range for the chronic and acute dietary risks of different populations in China. Our research is important for directing the scientific application of pesticides in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety , Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei) , Ministry of Agriculture , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety , Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei) , Ministry of Agriculture , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety , Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei) , Ministry of Agriculture , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - MingNa Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety , Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei) , Ministry of Agriculture , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety , Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei) , Ministry of Agriculture , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - TongChun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety , Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei) , Ministry of Agriculture , Hefei 230031 , China
| | - JinSheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety , Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Hefei 230031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei) , Ministry of Agriculture , Hefei 230031 , China
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Reeves WR, McGuire MK, Stokes M, Vicini JL. Assessing the Safety of Pesticides in Food: How Current Regulations Protect Human Health. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:80-88. [PMID: 30668620 PMCID: PMC6370255 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the magnitude and impact of dietary pesticide exposures is a concern for some consumers. However, the ability of consumers to obtain and understand state-of-the-science information about how pesticides are regulated and how dietary exposure limits are set can be limited by the complicated nature of the regulations coupled with an abundance of sources seeking to cast doubt on the reliability of those regulations. Indeed, these regulations are sometimes not well understood within health care professions. As such, the objective of this review is to provide a historical perspective as to how modern pesticides were developed, current trends in pesticide use and regulation, and measures taken to reduce the risk of pesticide use to the consumer. Throughout the review, we provide specific examples for some of the concepts as they apply to glyphosate-a pesticide commonly used by both farmers and consumers. In addition, we describe current efforts to monitor pesticide use. We are confident that this succinct, yet thorough, review of this topic will be of interest to myriad researchers, public health experts, and health practitioners as they help communicate information about making healthful and sustainable food choices to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Reeves
- Agricultural Affairs and Sustainability, Bayer U.S. Crop Science Division, Chesterfield, MO
- Regulatory Policy and Scientific Affairs, Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, MO
| | - Michelle K McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
- School of Biological Sciences and Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Milton Stokes
- Agricultural Affairs and Sustainability, Bayer U.S. Crop Science Division, Creve Coeur, MO
- Corporate Engagement, Monsanto Company, Creve Coeur, MO
| | - John L Vicini
- Regulatory Policy and Scientific Affairs, Monsanto Company, Chesterfield, MO
- Regulatory Policy and Scientific Affairs, Bayer U.S. Crop Science Division, Chesterfield, MO
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Chang CH, MacIntosh D, Lemos B, Zhang Q, Lu C. Characterization of Daily Dietary Intake and the Health Risk of Neonicotinoid Insecticides for the U.S. Population. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10097-10105. [PMID: 30192531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although neonicotinoids have been the most commonly used insecticides globally, very limited data related to their dietary intake and health risks are available. In this study, we used the relative potency factor approach to aggregate individual neonicotinoids into a single metric (IMIRPF) representing the intakes of total neonicotinoids in relation to imidacloprid for each food item. We then estimated the average daily intake (ADI) of neonicotinoids using residue data collected from U.S. Congressional Cafeteria study (USCC) and USDA/PDP and food consumption data from NHANES 2011-2012. Among the USCC and USDA/PDP samples, squash (427.2 ng/g) and spinach (569.2 ng/g), had the highest average IMIRPF, respectively. The estimated ADIs were below the current chronic reference dose (cRfD) for imidacloprid. However, due to their wide use, it is logical to expect the ubiquity of neonicotinoids in foods. Therefore, the importance of conducting routine dietary intake assessment for neonicotinoids should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - David MacIntosh
- Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Quan Zhang
- College of Environment , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , People's Republic of China
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Niu J, Hu J. Dissipation behaviour and dietary risk assessment of boscalid, triflumizole and its metabolite (FM-6-1) in open-field cucumber based on QuEChERS using HPLC-MS/MS technique. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:4501-4508. [PMID: 29479706 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To resist plant diseases, boscalid and triflumizole have been applied to cucumbers frequently. However, the residue and dietary risk assessment of these fungicides in cucumber should be given attention for food safety. RESULTS An effective and highly sensitive method based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique for simultaneous multidetermination of boscalid, triflumizole and its metabolite (FM-6-1) in a cucumber ecosystem was established and validated. Field experiments were conducted in three different locations, where boscalid and triflumizole (35% suspension concentration) were applied at 253 g of active ingredient (a.i.) per hectare (the recommended high dosage) and 379.5 g a.i. ha-1 (1.5 times the recommended high dosage) in each location. The limits of quantification and the limits of detection of the proposed method ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg kg-1 and 3.9 × 10-5 to 7.5 × 10-4 mg L-1 respectively. The mean recoveries and relative standard deviations of these compounds were 80-105% and 1.0-6.1% respectively. The dissipation dynamics of compounds followed pseudo-first-order kinetic models remarkably, with a half-value period of 2.3-40.8 days. The residues of boscalid and triflumizole in cucumber at harvest were below 0.66 mg kg-1 and 0.07 mg kg-1 respectively. The results of the dietary risk assessments have shown a low dietary risk of compounds in cucumber with hazard ratios <1 and hazard index <1. CONCLUSION These results from the experiments are the most important for putting a guide on reasonable usage of these fungicides under the open-field conditions in China. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Niu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Hu
- College of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Markantonis M, van der Velde-Koerts T, Graven C, Te Biesebeek JD, Zeilmaker M, Rietveld AG, Ossendorp BC. Assessment of occupational and dietary exposure to pesticide residues. EFSA J 2018; 16:e16087. [PMID: 32626058 PMCID: PMC7015489 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.e16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant protection products (PPPs) are pesticides containing at least one active substance that drives specific actions against pests (diseases). PPPs are regulated in the EU and cannot be placed on the market or used without prior authorisation. EFSA assesses the possible risks of the use of active substances to humans and environment. Member States decide whether or not to approve their use at EU level. Furthermore, Member States decide at national level on the authorisation of PPPs containing approved substances. In agriculture, exposure to PPPs and their residues during occupational tasks is estimated prior to product authorisation, using models fed with study‐specific (e.g. absorption, dissipation) and default values. Exposure of workers to pesticide residues reduces with the pesticide's dissipation time during crop‐related tasks. However, the current risk assessment gap is that no methodology is available to calculate the re‐entry interval (REI) for workers, which specifies how long they should wear personal protective clothing during their first entry into pesticide‐sprayed crops. Protective clothing (such as gloves) can reduce pesticide residue exposure to an acceptable level of worker safety. Within the European Food Risk Assessment Fellowship Programme (EU‐FORA) assignment, a methodology was developed to calculate agricultural‐use‐specific and pesticide‐specific REIs for which period workers should wear gloves. This was an assignment of the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. Another important aspect of risk assessment to ensure consumer safety is dietary risk assessment. A critical evaluation of residue studies and metabolism of the pesticide in question in crops results in a residue definition for dietary risk assessment and for enforcement and monitoring to define maximum residue limits allowed legally on or in raw agricultural commodities when applying pesticides according to good agricultural practices. This work was assigned by the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport and contributes to the work of the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues.
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Shi LH, Zhao S, Gui T, Xu J, Wang F, Zhang YP, Hu DY. Degradation dynamics, residues and risk assessment of Dufulin enantiomers in corn plants and corn by LC/MS/MS. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:761-769. [PMID: 30024815 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1480165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The degradation dynamics and terminal residues of dufulin enantiomers were investigated in two typical corn plants. A convenient and precise chiral method by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) using a Chiralpak IC column was developed and validated for measuring dufulin enantiomers in corn plants and corn. The two enantiomers of dufulin quickly dissipated in the corn plant, and no noticeable stereoselectivity was observed during degradation or in the final residues. After 30% rac-dufulin wettable powder with a 1- to 1.5-fold dose of the recommended value was sprayed two to three times on corn plants, the residue levels of S-(+)-dufulin and R-(-)-dufulin in corn from both sites were lower than or equal to 0.0520 mg kg-1 on days 7, 14 and 21 after the last application. The dietary risk assessment indicated that dufulin did not exhibit obvious dietary health risks in corn samples when good agricultural practices were implemented. The findings from this study may be used to better understand the chiral profiles of dufulin in the environment and the effect of dufulin residues in corn on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li H Shi
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Shan Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Ting Gui
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Jin Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Fei Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - Yu P Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
| | - De Y Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Guizhou University , Guiyang , China
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Geng Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y, He Z, Wang L, Peng Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Xu Y. Assessment of the dissipation, pre-harvest interval and dietary risk of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1654-1663. [PMID: 29327491 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dissipation behavior, pre-harvest interval and dietary risk of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites were investigated in greenhouse cucumber in Tianjin, northern China, to ensure raw consumption safety. RESULTS Carbosulfan was metabolized to carbofuran, dibutylamine, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran, and dimethoate was degraded to omethoate in cucumber fruits and leaves. The dissipation of carbosulfan, carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and dimethoate fitted first-order kinetics well, with R2 ranging from 0.912 to 0.992, and their half-lives were 2.6, 2.7, 2.4 and 5.2 days in cucumber fruits and 2.8, 3.0, 4.6 and 2.5 days in leaves, respectively. The estimated daily intakes of the active ingredients and their relevant metabolites were 0.1-4% of the corresponding acceptable daily intakes. Acute oral exposure to carbofuran (a metabolite of carbosulfan) represented 367% of the acute reference dose (ARfD) for 1-6-year-old Chinese children and 227% for the general Chinese population. CONCLUSION A minimum pre-harvest interval of 12 days for carbosulfan is proposed to ensure safe consumption of cucumber. The slow dissipation rate of omethoate in cucumber reveals that a longer pre-harvest interval (≥ 27 days) is necessary to prevent dietary risk when dimethoate is applied to cucumber. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Geng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Linjie Jiang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Zeying He
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, China
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Guo J, Li M, Liu Y, Wang F, Kong Z, Sun Y, Lu J, Jin N, Huang Y, Liu J, Francis F, Fan B. Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment of Chiral Cyflumetofen in Apple. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051060. [PMID: 29724046 PMCID: PMC6099807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-performance convergence chromatography is an environmentally-friendly analytical method that uses dramatically reduced amounts of organic solvents. In addition, a robust and highly sensitive chiral separation method was developed for the novel chiral acaricide cyflumetofen by using ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, which shows that stereoisomer recoveries determined for various apple parts ranged from 78.3% to 119.9%, with the relative standard deviations being lower than 14.0%. The half-lives of (−)-cyflumetofen and (+)-cyflumetofen obtained under 5-fold applied dosage equal to 22.13 and 22.23 days, respectively. For 1.5-fold applied dosage, the respective values were determined as 22.42 and 23.64 days, i.e., the degradation of (−)-cyflumetofen was insignificantly favored over that of its enantiomer. Importantly, cyflumetofen was unevenly distributed in apples, with its relative contents in apple peel, peduncle, and pomace equal to 50%, 22%, and 16%, respectively. The proposed method can be used to efficiently separate and quantify chiral pesticide with advantages of a shorter analysis time, greater sensitivity, and better environmental compatibility. Additionally, the consumption of apples with residue of cyflumetofen did not pose a health risk to the population if the cyflumetofen applied under satisfactory agricultural practices after the long-term dietary risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Minmin Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Kong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jia Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Nuo Jin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yatao Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process/Laboratory of Agro-products Quality Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
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Maggioni DA, Signorini ML, Michlig N, Repetti MR, Sigrist ME, Beldomenico HR. Comprehensive estimate of the theoretical maximum daily intake of pesticide residues for chronic dietary risk assessment in Argentina. J Environ Sci Health B 2017; 52:256-266. [PMID: 28085552 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1272997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A chronic dietary risk assessment for pesticide residues was conducted for four age groups of the Argentinian population following the procedure recommended by the WHO. The National Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (NTMDI) for 308 pesticides was calculated for the first time, using the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) from several Argentinean regulations and food consumption data from a comprehensive National Nutrition and Health Survey. The risk was estimated by comparing the TMDI with the Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADI) identified by various sources. Furthermore, for each of the compounds with a TMDI >65% of the ADI, a probabilistic analysis was conducted to quantify the probability of exceeding the ADI. In this study 27, 22, 10, and 6 active ingredients (a.i.) were estimated to exceed the 100% of the ADI for the different population groups: 6-23 month-old children, 2-5 year-old children, pregnant women, and 10-49 year-old women, respectively. Some of these ADI-exceeding compounds (carbofuran, diazinon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, oxydemeton-methyl and methyl bromide) were found in all four of these groups. Milk, apples, potatoes, and tomatoes were the foods that contributed most to the intake of these pesticides. The study is of primary importance for the improvement of risk assessment, regulations, and monitoring activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío A Maggioni
- a Program of Research and Analysis of Chemical Residues and Contaminants (PRINARC), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Signorini
- b Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA Rafaela , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Nicolás Michlig
- a Program of Research and Analysis of Chemical Residues and Contaminants (PRINARC), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - María R Repetti
- a Program of Research and Analysis of Chemical Residues and Contaminants (PRINARC), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Mirna E Sigrist
- a Program of Research and Analysis of Chemical Residues and Contaminants (PRINARC), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Horacio R Beldomenico
- a Program of Research and Analysis of Chemical Residues and Contaminants (PRINARC), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, National University of Littoral , Santa Fe , Argentina
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Fang Q, Shi Y, Cao H, Tong Z, Xiao J, Liao M, Wu X, Hua R. Degradation Dynamics and Dietary Risk Assessments of Two Neonicotinoid Insecticides during Lonicera japonica Planting, Drying, and Tea Brewing Processes. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:1483-1488. [PMID: 28177236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The degradation dynamics and dietary risk assessments of thiamethoxam and thiacloprid during Lonicera japonica planting, drying, and tea brewing processes were systematically investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography. The half-lives of thiamethoxam and thiacloprid were 1.0-4.1 d in the honeysuckle flowers and leaves, with degradation rate constants k ranging from -0.169 to -0.696. The safety interval time was 7 d. The sun- and oven-drying (70 °C) percent digestions were 59.4-81.0% for the residues, which were higher than the shade- and oven-drying percentages at lower temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C, which ranged from 37.7% to 57.0%). The percent transfers of thiamethoxam and thiacloprid were 0-48.4% and 0-25.2%, respectively, for the different tea brewing conditions. On the basis of the results of this study, abiding by the safety interval time is important, and using reasonable drying methods and tea brewing conditions can reduce the transfer of thiamethoxam and thiacloprid to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Fang
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhou Tong
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinjing Xiao
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Rimao Hua
- School of Plant Protection, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, and ‡School of Resource & Environment, Provincial Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Safety, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
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Liu T, Zhang C, Peng J, Zhang Z, Sun X, Xiao H, Sun K, Pan L, Liu X, Tu K. Residual Behaviors of Six Pesticides in Shiitake from Cultivation to Postharvest Drying Process and Risk Assessment. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:8977-8985. [PMID: 27933868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation of six pesticides (carbendazim, thiabendazole, procymidone, bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, and β-cyfluthrin) in shiitakes from cultivation to postharvest drying process was investigated, and the dietary exposure risk was estimated thereafter. The field trial study indicates that the half-lives of carbendazim, thiabendazole, and procymidone were much shorter than those of bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, and β-cyfluthrin. Furthermore, the effects of two drying processes on the residues and processing factors (PFs) were investigated. The results showed that hot-air drying resulted in higher residues than sunlight exposure drying. Both drying processes led to pesticide residue concentration (with PF > 1), except for thiabendazole upon sunlight exposure treatment. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) ranged from 0.06% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for thiabendazole to 42.43% of the ADI for procymidone. The results show that the six pesticide residues in dried shiitakes are still within acceptable levels for human consumption on the basis of a dietary risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Leiqing Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Control Technology and Standard for Agro-product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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