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Santos Filho JRD, Santos ÉDS, Mandim F, Molina AK, Barros L, Correia Gonçalves RA, Braz de Oliveira AJ, Ferreira ICP. Evaluation of antitumoral and antioxidant activities of the hydroalcoholic extract and fractions obtained from the fruit pericarp of Sapindus saponaria L. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1002-1006. [PMID: 37194675 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2211214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The fruits of Sapindus saponaria L., popularly known as 'saboeiro', have been used in medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor activities of the hydroethanolic extract (HAE) and fractions obtained from the fruit pericarp of S. saponaria. The HAE was obtained from the S. saponaria fruit pericarp by maceration; this was followed by fractionation using reversed-phase solid-phase extraction, resulting in fractions enriched with acyclic sesquiterpenic oligoglycosides (ASOG) and saponins (SAP1, and SAP2), confirmed by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-QTOF-MS). The greatest citotoxic activity was observed with the SAP1 fraction against the CaCo2 cell line with a GI50 of 8.1 µg mL-1, while the SAP2 fraction had a GI50 of 13.6 µg mL-1 against CaCo2. The HAE demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity. S. saponaria has potential therapeutic use in the pharmaceutical industry as a natural anti-oxidant or antitumor product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Éverton da Silva Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Filipa Mandim
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Adriana K Molina
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Regina Aparecida Correia Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Arildo José Braz de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Izabel Cristina Piloto Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil
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Hedayati A, Naseri F, Nourozi E, Hosseini B, Honari H, Hemmaty S. Response of Saponaria officinalis L. hairy roots to the application of TiO 2 nanoparticles in terms of production of valuable polyphenolic compounds and SO6 protein. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 178:80-92. [PMID: 35276598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Saponaria officinalis L. is a perennial plant from the Caryophyllaceae family whose various parts are used in traditional medicine as the treatment agent of skin diseases, blood purifier, diuretic, sudorific, and bile purifier. The cultivation system of hairy roots is a proper alternative for improving the valuable pharmaceutical compounds production compared to other in-vitro methods. The extensive nanotechnology applications in hairy roots cultivation is a sustainable production foundation to produce such active elements. In this study, the effect of various concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) (0, 10, 20, 30, 50 mg L-1) with two treatments (24 and 48 h) was examined on the growth level, antioxidant capacity, total phenol and flavonoid contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, certain polyphenol compounds and SO6 protein in hairy roots of S. officinalis. According to the results, the maximum (3.09 g) and minimum (0.96 g) fresh weight (FW) of hairy roots were observed in treated culture media with 10 and 20 mg L-1 of TiO2 NPs after 24 and 48 h of exposure times, respectively. The highest rate of total phenol (9.79 mg GLA g-1 FW) and total flavonoid contents (1.06 mg QE g-1 FW) were obtained in the treated hairy roots with 50 and 30 mg L-1 of nano elicitor in 24 and 48 h of treatments, respectively. The maximum level of most polyphenols, such as rosmarinic acid, cinnamic acid, and rutin, was produced in 24 h of treatment. The use of TiO2 NP for 48 h with 50 mg L-1 concentration showed the highest production level of SO6 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Hedayati
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Naseri
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elnaz Nourozi
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Hosseini
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Honari
- Biology Science and Technology Center, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syavash Hemmaty
- Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), West Azarbayjan Branch, Urmia, Iran
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Nujkić M, Milić S, Spalović B, Dardas A, Alagić S, Ljubić D, Papludis A. Saponaria officinalis L. and Achillea millefolium L. as possible indicators of trace elements pollution caused by mining and metallurgical activities in Bor, Serbia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:44969-44982. [PMID: 32772299 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates bioaccumulation and translocation potentials of trace elements (TEs) by Saponaria officinalis L. (soapwort) and Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) in order to select and optimize phytoremediation methods for the polluted environment of the city of Bor, Serbia. According to the enrichment factor for soil (i.e., 57.9-128.8 for Cd and As), pollution index (i.e., 6.6-84.7 for Cu), pollution load index (2.9-98.8), individual potential risk factors (11.5-5163), and potential ecological risk index values (260-6379), urban and rural soils from the city of Bor were classified as very contaminated with the investigated TEs. The results from all the indices and statistical analysis showed significant ecological risks of Cu, As, and Cd at the investigated sites and urge the need for remediation. The enrichment factor of the plants for As (566.3) and Cd (306.2) indicated a high enrichment level of the herb organs at all the sites. Since there are small differences in metal accumulation index values between the herbs and their parts (root, shoot), soapwort and yarrow can be considered as potential bioindicators. Based on the biological concentration and translocation factors, soapwort can be recommended as a suitable herb for phytoextraction purposes of Pb, As, and Cd polluted areas. Yarrow shows good characteristics for phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, and As from the contaminated soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) results indicate their similar origin from atmospheric deposition. Therefore, these herbs can be utilized as a bioindicator and phytoremediator in polluted areas influenced by metallurgical activities to detect possible levels of TEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Nujkić
- Department of Chemical Technology, Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, V.J. 12, Bor, 19210, Serbia.
| | - Snežana Milić
- Department of Chemical Technology, Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, V.J. 12, Bor, 19210, Serbia
| | - Boban Spalović
- Department of Chemical Technology, Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, V.J. 12, Bor, 19210, Serbia
| | - Anastassios Dardas
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Slađana Alagić
- Department of Chemical Technology, Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, V.J. 12, Bor, 19210, Serbia
| | - Darko Ljubić
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Papludis
- Department of Chemical Technology, Technical Faculty Bor, University of Belgrade, V.J. 12, Bor, 19210, Serbia
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Bolshakov AP, Stepanichev MY, Dobryakova YV, Spivak YS, Markevich VA. Saporin from Saponaria officinalis as a Tool for Experimental Research, Modeling, and Therapy in Neuroscience. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090546. [PMID: 32854372 PMCID: PMC7551693 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saporin, which is extracted from Saponaria officinalis, is a protein toxin that inactivates ribosomes. Saporin itself is non-selective toxin but acquires high specificity after conjugation with different ligands such as signaling peptides or antibodies to some surface proteins expressed in a chosen cell subpopulation. The saporin-based conjugated toxins were widely adopted in neuroscience as a convenient tool to induce highly selective degeneration of desired cell subpopulation. Induction of selective cell death is one of approaches used to model neurodegenerative diseases, study functions of certain cell subpopulations in the brain, and therapy. Here, we review studies where saporin-based conjugates were used to analyze cell mechanisms of sleep, general anesthesia, epilepsy, pain, and development of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Limitations and future perspectives of use of saporin-based toxins in neuroscience are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey P. Bolshakov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mikhail Yu. Stepanichev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yulia V. Dobryakova
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.D.); (V.A.M.)
| | - Yulia S. Spivak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Markevich
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.V.D.); (V.A.M.)
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Kanai T, Uraushihara K, Totsuka T, Nemoto Y, Fujii R, Kawamura T, Makita S, Sawada D, Yagita H, Okumura K, Watanabe M. Ameliorating effect of saporin-conjugated anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody in a murine T-cell-mediated chronic colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:1136-42. [PMID: 16824065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease that is associated with several changes in the immune system, including an increased number of infiltrating macrophages. These macrophages release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) which are critically involved in the onset and the development of CD. The present study was performed to explore the initial involvement of macrophages in the development of T-cell-mediated chronic colitis. METHODS The effects were evaluated of saporin-conjugated anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the development of chronic colitis in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD45RB(high) T cells as an animal model of CD. RESULTS Significantly increased CD11b-expressing macrophages as well as CD4(+) T cells were found in inflamed colon from colitic mice. Administration of saporin-conjugated anti-CD11b mAb markedly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological disease. In vivo treatment with saporin-conjugated anti-CD11b mAb decreased CD4(+) T-cell infiltration in the colon and suppressed interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and TNF-alpha production by lamina propria CD4(+) T cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the present results suggest an initial role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated chronic colitis. Furthermore, the macrophage-specific targeting may be a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bagga S, Seth D, Batra JK. The cytotoxic activity of ribosome-inactivating protein saporin-6 is attributed to its rRNA N-glycosidase and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation activities. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:4813-20. [PMID: 12466280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207389200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Saporin-6 produced by the plant Saponaria officinalis belongs to the family of single chain ribosome-inactivating proteins. It potently inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond of a specific adenine in 28 S rRNA, which results in the cell death. Saporin-6 has also been shown to be active on DNA and induces apoptosis. In the current study, we have investigated the roles of rRNA depurination and the activity of saporin-6 on genomic DNA in its cytotoxic activity. The role of putative active site residues, Tyr(72), Tyr(120), Glu(176), Arg(179), and Trp(208), and two invariant residues, Tyr(16) and Arg(24), proposed to be important for structural stability of saporin-6, has been investigated in its catalytic and cytotoxic activity. These residues were mutated to alanine to generate seven mutants, Y16A, R24A, Y72A, Y120A, E176A, R179A, and W208A. We show that for the RNA N-glycosidase activity of saporin-6, residues Tyr(16), Tyr(72), and Arg(179) are absolutely critical; Tyr(120) and Glu(176) can be partially dispensed with, whereas Trp(208) and Arg(24) do not appear to be involved in this activity. The residues Tyr(72), Tyr(120), Glu(176), Arg(179), and Trp(208) were found to be essential for the genomic DNA fragmentation activity, whereas residues Tyr(16) and Arg(24) do not appear to be required for the DNA fragmentation. The study shows that saporin-6 possesses two catalytic activities, namely RNA N-glycosidase and genomic DNA fragmentation activity, and for its complete cytotoxic activity both activities are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shveta Bagga
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 110067, India
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7
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Crocnan DO, Greabu M, Olinescu R. Stimulatory effect of some plant extracts used in homeopathy on the phagocytosis induced chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst 2002; 45:246-54. [PMID: 11712436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Some plant extracts on a large range of dilutions as used in Homeopathy were tested on the chemiluminescence emission produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The high stimulatory action was noticed when extracts from Uvae Ursi and Saponaria were tested, as the classical effect exerted by zymosan was exceeded. A moderate stimulatory action comparable with that of zymosan was found when extracts from Echmaceea, Aleo and Prumis were used, as well as in the case of Propolis. The relationship between stimulatory effect and the concentration range is modulated as function of the extract source, several peaks being observed for some dilutions (Saponana), but generally no quantitative relations were obtained. By studying the time when a chemiluminescence peak was observed, it is possible to estimate wether the weight of the NADPH oxidase or myeloperoxidase pathways are involved in the stimulatory effect on polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Crocnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
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[FLUCTUATION IN THE SAPONIN CONTENT AND THE HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS L., PRIMULA OFFICINALIS (L.) HILL., POLEMONIUM COERULEUM L., AND GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L]. Pharmazie 1964; 19:538-40. [PMID: 14346279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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9
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ARIPOV M. [EFFECT OF THE SAPONIN OF VACCARIA SEGETALIS ON THE SECRETORY AND ENZYME FUNCTION OF THE INTESTINES]. Med Zh Uzb 1963; 11:47-8. [PMID: 14150156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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10
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CEH M, MIMICA M. [OCCUPATIONAL SENSITIZATION TO POWDER FROM THE ROOT OF SAPONARIA ALBAE]. Allerg Asthma (Leipz) 1963; 9:290-3. [PMID: 14092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
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11
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KADLUBOWSKI R, SKALECKA H. [Effect of beta-indolacetic acid and sodium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate on the saponin content in Saponaria officinalis L. and Digitalis purpurea L]. Acta Physiol Pol 1961; 12:583-9. [PMID: 14452989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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12
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GRANGAUD R, NICOL M. [Carotenoid pigments of the flowers of Aloe saponaria Haut]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 1958; 152:1237-41. [PMID: 13619228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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14
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ARCHAMBAULT A, COURTOIS JE, LE DIZET P, WICKSTROM A. [Research on galactosides of soapwort Lychnis dioica. I. Isolation of 5 new galactosides]. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 1956; 38:1121-31. [PMID: 13374508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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15
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WILLIAM MERRICK SWEET 1860-1923. Med Radiogr Photogr 1952; 28:Cover 2. [PMID: 13012543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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16
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BALANSARD J, PLANDRIN P. [Saponin research; New method for the preparation of Quillaya saponaria and Saponaria officinalis saponins]. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 1945; 27:618. [PMID: 21027601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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