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Yoshimi T, Kawabata S, Taira S, Okuno A, Mikawa R, Murayama S, Tanaka K, Takikawa O. Affinity imaging mass spectrometry (AIMS): high-throughput screening for specific small molecule interactions with frozen tissue sections. Analyst 2015; 140:7202-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an01381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel screening system, called affinity imaging mass spectrometry (AIMS), identifies candidate small molecules with specific affinity for nanoscale structures, including proteins, in unfixed human tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Yoshimi
- Laboratory of Radiation Safety
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG)
- Obu
- Japan
| | - S. Kawabata
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Kyoto 604-8511
- Japan
| | - S. Taira
- Faculty of Biotechnology
- Fukui Prefectural University
- Eiheiji
- Japan
| | - A. Okuno
- Laboratory of Radiation Safety
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG)
- Obu
- Japan
| | - R. Mikawa
- Laboratory of Radiation Safety
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG)
- Obu
- Japan
| | - S. Murayama
- Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research)
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
- Tokyo 173-0015
- Japan
| | - K. Tanaka
- Koichi Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory
- Shimadzu Corporation
- Kyoto 604-8511
- Japan
| | - O. Takikawa
- Laboratory of Radiation Safety
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG)
- Obu
- Japan
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Coentrao L, Ribeiro C, Santos-Araujo C, Neto R, Pestana M, Kleophas W, Kleophas W, Karaboyas A, LI Y, Bommer J, Pisoni R, Robinson B, Port F, Celik G, Burcak Annagur B, Yilmaz M, Demir T, Kara F, Trigka K, Dousdampanis P, Vaitsis N, Aggelakou-Vaitsi S, Turkmen K, Guney I, Turgut F, Altintepe L, Tonbul HZ, Abdel-Rahman E, Sclauzero P, Galli G, Barbati G, Carraro M, Panzetta GO, Van Diepen M, Schroijen M, Dekkers O, Dekker F, Sikole A, Severova- Andreevska G, Trajceska L, Gelev S, Amitov V, Pavleska- Kuzmanovska S, Karaboyas A, Rayner H, LI Y, Vanholder R, Pisoni R, Robinson B, Port F, Hecking M, Jung B, Leung M, Huynh F, Chung T, Marchuk S, Kiaii M, Er L, Werb R, Chan-Yan C, Beaulieu M, Malindretos P, Makri P, Zagkotsis G, Koutroumbas G, Loukas G, Nikolaou E, Pavlou M, Gourgoulianni E, Paparizou M, Markou M, Syrgani E, Syrganis C, Raimann J, Usvyat LA, Bhalani V, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Huang X, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Riserus U, Cederholm T, Barany P, Heimburger O, Lindholm B, Carrero JJ, Chang JH, Sung JY, Jung JY, Lee HH, Chung W, Kim S, Han JS, Kim S, Chang JH, Jung JY, Chung W, Na KY, Raimann J, Usvyat LA, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Fragoso A, Pinho A, Malho A, Silva AP, Morgado E, Leao Neves P, Joki N, Tanaka Y, Iwasaki M, Kubo S, Hayashi T, Takahashi Y, Hirahata K, Imamura Y, Hase H, Castledine C, Gilg J, Rogers C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Caskey F, Na KY, Kim S, Chung W, Jung JY, Chang JH, Lee HH, Sandhu JS, Bajwa GS, Kansal S, Sandhu J, Jayanti A, Nikam M, Ebah L, Summers A, Mitra S, Agar J, Perkins A, Simmonds R, Tjipto A, Amet S, Launay-Vacher V, Laville M, Tricotel A, Frances C, Stengel B, Gauvrit JY, Grenier N, Reinhardt G, Clement O, Janus N, Rouillon L, Choukroun G, Deray G, Bernasconi A, Waisman R, Montoya AP, Liste AA, Hermes R, Muguerza G, Heguilen R, Iliescu EL, Martina V, Rizzo MA, Magenta P, Lubatti L, Rombola G, Gallieni M, Loirat C, Loirat C, Mellerio H, Labeguerie M, Andriss B, Savoye E, Lassale M, Jacquelinet C, Alberti C, Aggarwal Y, Baharani J, Tabrizian S, Ossareh S, Zebarjadi M, Azevedo P, Travassos F, Frade I, Almeida M, Queiros J, Silva F, Cabrita A, Rodrigues R, Couchoud C, Kitty J, Benedicte S, Fergus C, Cecile C, Couchoud C, Sahar B, Emmanuel V, Christian J, Rene E, Barahimi H, Mahdavi-Mazdeh M, Nafar M, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Sciancalepore M, Gargano L, Natale P, Vecchio MC, Saglimbene V, Pellegrini F, Gentile G, Stroumza P, Frantzen L, Leal M, Torok M, Bednarek A, Dulawa J, Celia E, Gelfman R, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, Palmer S, Johnson DW, Ford PJ, Craig JC, Strippoli GF, Ruospo M, El Hayek B, Hayek B, Baamonde E, Bosch E, Ramirez JI, Perez G, Ramirez A, Toledo A, Lago MM, Garcia-Canton C, Checa MD, Canaud B, Canaud B, Lantz B, Pisoni R, Granger-Vallee A, Lertdumrongluk P, Molinari N, Ethier J, Jadoul M, Gillespie B, Port F, Bond C, Wang S, Alfieri T, Braunhofer P, Newsome B, Wang M, Bieber B, Guidinger M, Bieber B, Wang M, Zuo L, Pisoni R, Yu X, Yang X, Qian J, Chen N, Albert J, Yan Y, Ramirez S, Bernasconi A, Waisman R, Beresan M, Lapidus A, Canteli M, Heguilen R, Tong A, Palmer S, Manns B, Craig J, Ruospo M, Gargano L, Strippoli G, Mortazavi M, Vahdatpour B, Shahidi S, Ghasempour A, Taheri D, Dolatkhah S, Emami Naieni A, Ghassami M, Khan M, Abdulnabi K, Pai P, Ruospo M, Petruzzi M, De Benedittis M, Sciancalepore M, Gargano L, Vecchio M, Saglimbene V, Natale P, Pellegrini F, Gentile G, Stroumza P, Frantzen L, Leal M, Torok M, Bednarek A, Dulawa J, Celia E, Gelfman R, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, Palmer S, Johnson DW, Ford PJ, Craig JC, Strippoli GF, Muqueet MA, Muqueet MA, Hasan MJ, Kashem MA, Dutta PK, Liu FX, Noe L, Quock T, Neil N, Inglese G, Qian J, Bieber B, Guidinger M, Bieber B, Chen N, Yan Y, Pisoni R, Wang M, Zuo L, Yu X, Yang X, Wang M, Albert J, Ramirez S, Ossareh S, Motamed Najjar M, Bahmani B, Shafiabadi A, Helve J, Haapio M, Groop PH, Gronhagen-Riska C, Finne P, Helve J, Haapio M, Sund R, Groop PH, Gronhagen-Riska C, Finne P, Cai M, Baweja S, Clements A, Kent A, Reilly R, Taylor N, Holt S, Mcmahon L, Usvyat LA, Carter M, Van der Sande FM, Kooman J, Raimann J, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Usvyat LA, Malhotra R, Ouellet G, Penne EL, Raimann J, Thijssen S, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Etter M, Tashman A, Guinsburg A, Grassmann A, Barth C, Marelli C, Marcelli D, Van der Sande FM, Von Gersdorff G, Bayh I, Kooman J, Scatizzi L, Lam M, Schaller M, Thijssen S, Toffelmire T, Wang Y, Sheppard P, Usvyat LA, Levin NW, Kotanko P, Neri L, Andreucci VA, Rocca-Rey LA, Bertoli SV, Brancaccio D, Tjipto A, Simmonds R, Agar J, Huang X, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Riserus U, Cederholm T, Barany P, Heimburger O, Lindholm B, Carrero JJ, Vecchio M, Palmer S, De Berardis G, Craig J, Lucisano G, Johnson D, Pellegrini F, Nicolucci A, Sciancalepore M, Saglimbene V, Gargano L, Bonifati C, Ruospo M, Navaneethan SD, Montinaro V, Stroumza P, Zsom M, Torok M, Celia E, Gelfman R, Bednarek-Skublewska A, Dulawa J, Graziano G, Gentile G, Ferrari JN, Santoro A, Zucchelli A, Triolo G, Maffei S, Hegbrant J, Wollheim C, De Cosmo S, Manfreda VM, Strippoli GF, Janus N, Janus N, Launay-Vacher V, Juillard L, Rousset A, Butel F, Girardot-Seguin S, Deray G, Hannedouche T, Isnard M, Berland Y, Vanhille P, Ortiz JP, Janin G, Nicoud P, Touam M, Bruce E, Rouillon L, Laville M, Janus N, Juillard L, Rousset A, Butel F, Girardot-Seguin S, Deray G, Hannedouche T, Isnard M, Berland Y, Vanhille P, Ortiz JP, Janin G, Nicoud P, Touam M, Bruce E, Rouillon L, Laville M, Janus N, Launay-Vacher V, Juillard L, Rousset A, Butel F, Girardot-Seguin S, Deray G, Hannedouche T, Isnard M, Berland Y, Vanhille P, Ortiz JP, Janin G, Nicoud P, Touam M, Bruce E, Rouillon L, Laville M, Grace B, Clayton P, Cass A, Mcdonald S, Baharani J, Furumatsu Y, Kitamura T, Fujii N, Ogata S, Nakamoto H, Iseki K, Tsubakihara Y, Chien CC, Wang JJ, Hwang JC, Wang HY, Kan WC, Kuster N, Kuster N, Patrier L, Bargnoux AS, Morena M, Dupuy AM, Badiou S, Canaud B, Cristol JP, Desmet JM, Fernandes V, Collart F, Spinogatti N, Pochet JM, Dratwa M, Goffin E, Nortier J, Zilisteanu DS, Voiculescu M, Rusu E, Achim C, Bobeica R, Balanica S, Atasie T, Florence S, Anne-Marie S, Michel L, Cyrille C, Emmanuel V, Strakosha A, Strakosha A, Pasko N, Kodra S, Thereska N, Lowney A, Lowney E, Grant R, Murphy M, Casserly L, O' Brien T, Plant WD, Radic J, Radic J, Ljutic D, Kovacic V, Radic M, Dodig-Curkovic K, Sain M, Jelicic I, Fujii N, Hamano T, Nakano C, Yonemoto S, Okuno A, Katayama M, Isaka Y, Nordio M, Limido A, Postorino M, Nichelatti M, Khil M, Dudar I, Khil V, Shifris I, Momtaz M, Soliman AR, El Lawindi MI, Dzekova-Vidimliski P, Pavleska-Kuzmanovska S, Trajceska L, Nikolov I, Selim G, Gelev S, Amitov V, Sikole A, Shoji T, Kakiya R, Hayashi T, Tatsumi-Shimomura N, Tsujimoto Y, Tabata T, Shima H, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Tahara H, Koyama H, Emoto M, Ishimura E, Nishizawa Y, Inaba M. Epidemiology and outcome research in CKD 5D. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bouba I, Bountouri C, Dounousi E, Kiatou V, Georgiou I, Chatzidakis S, Kotzadamis N, Tsakiris D, Siamopoulos K, Dimas G, Iliadis F, Tegos T, Makedou K, Didangelos T, Pitsalidis C, Chatziapostolou A, Makedou A, Baloyannis S, Grekas D, Li O, Bobkova I, Tchebotareva N, Kozlovskaya L, Varshavskiy V, Mydlik M, Derzsiova K, Bohu B, Clapp E, Kosmadakis G, Smith A, Viana J, Shirreffs S, Maughan R, Feehally J, Bevington A, Ando M, Yanagisawa N, Hara M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Chen CH, Wang CL, Huang JW, Hung KY, Tsai TJ, Gadalean F, Gluhovschi G, Kaycsa A, Trandafirescu V, Petrica L, Velciov S, Bozdog G, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Solberg Eikrem O, Hope Jaeger-Hoie E, Hausken T, Svarstad E, de Goeij M, Liem M, de Jager D, Voormolen N, Sijpkens Y, Boeschoten E, Dekker F, Grootendorst D, Halbesma N, Moran AM, Kenny E, Ward F, Dunne OM, Holian J, Watson AJ, Saginova E, Gallyamov M, Severova M, Surkova O, Fomin V, Topchii I, Kirienko A, Schenyavskaya E, Efimova N, Bondar T, Lesovaja A, Gama Axelsson T, Barany P, Heimburger O, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR, Bal Z, Erkmen Uyar M, Ahmed N, Tutal E, Sezer S, Labrador PJ, Gonzalez Castillo PM, Silva Junior GB, Liborio AB, Lopes Filho AS, Figueiredo Filho AC, Vieira APF, Couto Bem AX, Guedes ALMO, Costa CMBE, Holanda de Souza J, Daher EF, Donadio C, Kanaki A, Tognotti D, Donadio E, Reznik E, Guschina V, Volinkina V, Gendlin G, Storozhakov G, Capusa C, Stancu S, Badulescu M, Ilyes A, Anghel C, Mircescu G, Yonemoto S, Fujii N, Hamano T, Okuno A, Soda T, Yamanaka K, Hirai T, Nishimura K, Ichikawa Y, Boudville N, Kemp A, Champion de Crespigny P, Fassett R, Healy H, Mangos G, Moody H, Pedagogos E, Waugh D, Kirkland G, Kay T, Hoffman D, Abaterusso C, Branco C, Thomaseth K, Graziani MS, Lupo A, Chaudhry M, Lok C, Kudo K, Konta T, Takasaki S, Degawa N, Kubota I, Nykula T, Moyseyenko V, Topchii A, Nanami K, Yoshiharu T, Hiroshi Y, Miyuki M, Masayuki N, Sotila GG, Rugina S, Tuta L, Dumitru I, Cernat R, Sotila GG, Rugina S, Dumitru I, Cernat R, Rugina C, Kim IY, Lee SB, Choi BK, Son J, Lee HS, Lee N, Rhee H, Song SH, Seong EY, Kwak IS. Progression & risk factors CKD 1-5 (2). Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hirai T, Okuno A, Souda T, Yonemoto S, Ymanaka K, Fujii N, Kishikawa H, Nishimura K, Ichikawa Y. Evaluation of arterial stiffness after successful renal transplantation using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:4061-3. [PMID: 21168627 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease remains a main cause of mortality in renal transplant recipients. Determination of aortic stiffness with pulse wave velocity (PWV) is considered a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk. We investigated arterial stiffness with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) after successful renal transplantation. METHODS We studied 197 patients (mean age = 53.2 ± 10.8 years) who underwent successful renal transplantation. baPWV was evaluated with a noninvasive automatic Omron Colin device. During follow-up (mean = 183.8 ± 108.9 months), we investigated parameters of sex, age, body mass index, duration before (dialysis) and after transplantation, and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension and diabetes). In all subjects, fasting concentrations of serum creatinine, non-(HDL) high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (total cholesterol minus HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglyceride were also compared with those at enrollment. RESULTS Mean baPWV levels were 1519 ± 329 cm/s in our renal transplant recipients. baPWV increased independent of age, duration of dialysis before transplantation, and cardiovascular risk factors. Serum creatinine and dilation did not show any significant correlations to baPWV. CONCLUSION In renal transplant recipients, baPWV may be more influenced by past clinical history before transplantation than by current condition. Noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness with baPWV may be a useful and convenient indicator of cardiovascular disease after renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirai
- Department of Urology, Hyogo Prefectural Hospital, Hyogo, Japan.
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Kishikawa H, Nishimura K, Kato T, Kobayashi Y, Arichi N, Okuno A, Fujii N, Kyo M, Takahara S, Ichikawa Y. Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Kidney Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:181-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kishikawa H, Ichikawa Y, Arichi N, Tokugawa S, Yoshioka I, Nishimura K, Okuno A, Fujii N, Nojima M. Kidney transplantation in patients receiving dialysis treatment for more than 10 years. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:3445-7. [PMID: 17175298 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present single center study, we analyzed 277 kidney transplant patients (procedures performed between February 1984 and February 2006) to determine the impact of long-term dialysis on kidney transplant outcomes. Forty-four had been treated prior to renal transplantation with dialysis for more than 10 years (range, 10.0-32.5 years, average, 16.6 years; Group I), while the remaining 233 recipients showed an average end-stage renal disease period of 2.8 years (range, 0-9.8 years; Group II). There were no significant differences in patient survivals between the 2 groups: 97.3% vs 97.4% at 1 year; 85.7% vs 92.4% at 5 years; 85.7% vs 90.7% at 10 years (P = .2347). Five Group I patients died: 2 from infections, 2 from liver dysfunction, and 1 from cerebral bleeding. These causes of death were similar to those among Group II patients. Graft survival was not significantly different between the 2 groups: 95% vs 88.8% at 1 year; 75.5% vs 76.5% at 5 years; 75.5% vs 65.5% at 10 years (P = .6264). Our results suggested that dialysis treatment for more than 10 years did not have negative effects on posttransplantation patient and graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kishikawa
- Department of Renal Transplantation Center, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
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Okuno A, Komori S, Sakata K, Nakata Y, Tsuji Y, Koyama K, Kameda T. Genetic analysis of a variant luteinizing hormone in an infertile woman. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2001; 265:148-50. [PMID: 11561744 DOI: 10.1007/s004040000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In a woman with infertility and an endometrial polyp, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of the beta-subunit of her luteinizing hormone which showed anomalous immunogenecity in that it was recognized by time resolved-fluoroimmunoassay but not by immunoradiometric assay. The sequence analysis showed two substitutional mutations of beta-subunit Trp (TGG) to Arg (CGG) and Ile (ATC) to Thr (ACC). The variant luteinizing hormone might have had some relation to the infertility and the endometrial polyp. been described [2, 4, 13-15]. Although the role of the variant LH is still unclear, it has different biologicl activity as compared to normal LH and may play a role in causing infertility, menstrual disorder, endometriosis and spontaneous miscarriage [1, 3, 4, 9, 10, 17]. We now report a study of the DNA sequence of beta-subunit of anomalous LH in an infertile patient with an endometrial polyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Okuyama M, Okuno A, Shimizu N, Mori H, Kimura A, Chiba S. Carboxyl group of residue Asp647 as possible proton donor in catalytic reaction of alpha-glucosidase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Eur J Biochem 2001; 268:2270-80. [PMID: 11298744 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
cDNA encoding Schizosaccharomyces pombe alpha-glucosidase was cloned from a library constructed from mRNA of the fission yeast, and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cDNA, 4176 bp in length, included a single ORF composed of 2910 bp encoding a polypeptide of 969 amino-acid residues with M(r) 106 138. The deduced amino-acid sequence showed a high homology to those of alpha-glucosidases from molds, plants and mammals. Therefore, the enzyme was categorized into the alpha-glucosidase family II. By site-directed mutagenesis, Asp481, Glu484 and Asp647 residues were confirmed to be essential in the catalytic reaction. The carboxyl group (-COOH) of the Asp647 residue was for the first time shown to be the most likely proton donor acting as the acid catalyst in the alpha-glucosidase of family II. Studies with the chemical modifier conduritol B epoxide suggested that the carboxylate group (-COO-) of the Asp481 residue was the catalytic nucleophile, although the role of the Glu484 residue remains obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okuyama
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Okuno A, Miyazaki M, Ito H, Ambiru S, Yoshidome H, Shimizu H, Nakagawa K, Shimizu Y, Nukui Y, Nakajima N. Nonsurgical management of ruptured pseudoaneurysm in patients with hepatobiliary pancreatic diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96:1067-71. [PMID: 11316148 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rupture of a pseudoaneurysm is an unusual complication after surgical and interventional treatments in patients with hepatobiliary pancreatic diseases. However, it occurs abruptly and often results in a lethal outcome. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze our experiences of cases of rupture of pseudoaneurysms for providing appropriate therapeutic planning. METHODS Between 1985 and 1998, we observed ruptures of pseudoaneurysms in 14 of 910 patients with hepatobiliary pancreatic diseases--six after pancreaticoduodenectomy, three after hepatic resection, two after hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy, two after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, and one after gastrojejunostomy. Thirteen of the 14 patients underwent emergency angiography and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) or infusion therapies, and one of the 13 patients underwent surgical hemostasis because of incomplete hemostasis with TAE. The other patient, who did not undergo emergency angiography, had surgical hemostasis initially. RESULTS TAE achieved hemostasis in 11 of 13 patients (85%), but only incomplete hemostasis in the remaining two patients. Of these two patients, one underwent laparotomy, but died of multiple organ failure (MOF) at 6 days after surgical hemostasis. The other died at 1 day after emergency angiography. Ten of 11 patients who obtained complete hemostasis by means of TAE could later be discharged, but one patient died of liver failure, and/or MOF. One patient who underwent laparotomy initially without angiography died of MOF at 43 days after the operation. The onset of rupture of a pseudoaneurysm was a mean of 35.4 days (range 12-76) after surgical or interventional procedures. The warning prodromal symptoms were upper abdominal oppression, nausea, and backache before the rupture of pseudoaneurysms. Fever, leukocytosis. hyperbilirubinemia, anastomotic leak, and intraabdominal abscess were frequent persistent signs in these patients. CONCLUSIONS If the warning prodromal symptoms appear in patients along with these persistent signs, the impending rupture of pseudoaneurysms should be suspected. Thereafter, a diagnostic angiography should be performed immediately to enable early diagnosis and embolization therapy for rupture of pseudoaneurysms when hemorrhagic episodes appear in these patients. Early detection and immediate embolization might bring about a favorable outcome in patients with hepatobiliary pancreatic diseases who encounter rupture of pseudoaneurysms after surgical and interventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okuno
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Oshima M, Azuma H, Suzutani T, Ikeda H, Okuno A. Direct and mononuclear cell mediated effects on interleukin 6 production by glioma cells in infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. J Med Virol 2001; 63:252-8. [PMID: 11170066 DOI: 10.1002/1096-9071(200103)63:3<252::aid-jmv1009>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of interleukin (IL)-6 elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid of viral meningitis and/or encephalitis patients, we investigated how herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)-infection enhances IL-6 production in human glioma cells (the U373MG and T98G cells). Although human glioma cells did not show enhanced IL-6 production by direct HSV1-infection, the cell-free supernatant from HSV1-stimulated mononuclear cells (MNC) culture and lipopolysaccharide, as a positive control, markedly elevated IL-6 production at both mRNA and polypeptide levels. Ultra violet-irradiated HSV1 induced the secretion of the IL-6 inducing factor(s) from MNC, whereas heat-inactivated HSV1 did not show this activity. This finding indicated that the adsorption of virus on the surface of MNC may be sufficient for induction of secretion. The supernatant from the culture of HSV1-stimulated MNC contained detectable amounts of IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interferon (IFN) gamma and IL-6, and its IL-6-inducing activity was inhibited only by anti-IL-1beta antibodies. Moreover, recombinant IL-1beta markedly enhanced IL-6 production in glioma cells with a concomitant elevation of its mRNA level. Taken together, the results suggest that in HSV1-infection of the CNS, enhancement of IL-6 production in glial cells is mediated not by direct infection to glial cells but rather by IL-1beta released from HSV1-stimulated MNC. These findings may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying cerebro-parenchymal inflammatory progression and repair in herpes simplex encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan.
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11
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Abstract
Androgenic gland hormone (AGH) is known to be responsible for sex differentiation in crustaceans. The amino acid sequence of AGH-active fraction purified from androgenic glands of the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare was determined by immunoprecipitation employing three types of antibodies raised against differing parts of the amino acid sequence deduced from the putative AGH cDNA sequence. As all antibodies adsorbed AGH activity, it was confirmed that the sequence examined was that of AGH. The affinity of AGH to certain lectins indicated that AGH possesses a carbohydrate moiety, which is in agreement with the observation that AGH possesses an N-glycosylation consensus sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okuno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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12
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Huong DT, Yang WJ, Okuno A, Wilder MN. Changes in free amino acids in the hemolymph of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii exposed to varying salinities: relationship to osmoregulatory ability. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 128:317-26. [PMID: 11223393 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in free amino acids (FAA) in the hemolymph of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, were examined in individuals exposed to varying salinities for up to 1 week. In freshwater and under conditions of low salinity, total FAA concentrations were maintained between approximately 0.85 and 1 mM and did not exhibit changes in response to salinity exposure. Under high salinities, total FAA concentrations increased dramatically, reaching up to 2.1 mM depending on treatment. Examination of individual amino acid concentrations revealed that these increases were based on specific changes in glycine, arginine, alanine, proline and lysine. Among these, alanine showed the greatest increases, resulting in levels six-fold higher under high salinity than in freshwater and under low salinity. The other amino acid species showed increases of 2.5-fold compared to original values. These five FAAs in freshwater and under low salinity together occupied approximately 45% of total FAA contents and under high salinity comprised more than 70% of total FAA contents. These results suggest that specific hemolymph FAAs are involved in mediating response to salinity exposure in freshwater prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Huong
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, 305-8686, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
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13
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Veldhuis JD, Pincus SM, Mitamura R, Yano K, Suzuki N, Ito Y, Makita Y, Okuno A. Developmentally delimited emergence of more orderly luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion during late prepuberty in boys. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:80-9. [PMID: 11231982 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.1.7127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To quantitate changing feedback control in the GnRH-LH/FSH-testosterone axis in male puberty, we here quantitate the orderliness of hormone release patterns using the regularity (pattern-sensitive) statistic, approximate entropy (ApEn), in 46 eugonadal boys representing 6 genitally defined stages of normal puberty. ApEn is a single variable, model-free, and scale-independent barometer of coordinate signaling or integrative regulation within a coupled neuroendocrine axis. Accordingly, we quantitated ApEn of LH profiles obtained by immunofluorometric assay of sera sampled every 20 min for 24 h. LH ApEn declined remarkably between early prepuberty (genital stage I-A: mean bone age, 4.6 +/- 1.6 yr; testis volume, <3 mL for at least 3 succeeding yr) and late prepuberty (genital stage I-C: bone age, 8.7 +/- 1.8 yr; testis volume, <3 mL for up to 1 yr thereafter; P: = 0.00019), which indicates the acquisition of more regular LH release patterns in late prepuberty. Maximal LH orderliness occurred in puberty stage II (bone age, 10.7 +/- 1.0 yr; testis volume, 2.8 +/- 0.4 mL). The LH secretory process was more disorderly in mid- and later puberty (Tanner stages III and IV). Transpubertal variations in testosterone ApEn manifested a similar tempo, i.e. the greatest regularity of testosterone secretion (lowest ApEn) emerged in Tanner genital stage II (P: < 10(-)(7)), with less orderly patterns evident both earlier and later in sexual development. In contrast, FSH ApEn values remained invariant of pubertal status. Analysis of bihormonal coupling using the theoretically related bivariate cross-ApEn statistic disclosed maximal 2-hormone synchrony for LH and testosterone secretion in genital stage II (P: = 0.031), with relative deterioration of coordinate LH and testosterone release patterns both before and after. LH and FSH release became maximally synchronous at the end of prepuberty (genital stage I-C; P: = 0.029), and FSH and testosterone synchrony peaked in pubertal stage III (P: = 0.037). As mean 24-h serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone rose transpubertally by 35-fold (LH), 68-fold (FSH), and 70-fold (testosterone), respectively, we infer that pubertal developmental stage per se rather than level of hormone output dictates coordinate GnRH-LH/FSH-testosterone secretion. In summary, in eugonadal boys, the regularity of 24-h LH and testosterone secretory patterns undergoes well defined pubertal stage-specific control. No sexually developmentally delimited regulation is inferable for FSH. The concept of temporally biphasic puberty-dependent variations in neurohormone secretory regularity contrasts with the unidirectional rise in daily hormone output. Accordingly, we infer that late prepuberty and early puberty (Tanner genital stages IC and II) embody a physiologically unique sexual developmental window, marked by transiently enhanced LH and testosterone feedback stability in boys. Whether analogous plasticity of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal interactions unfolds during female adolescence is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Veldhuis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, General Clinical Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0202, USA.
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14
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Ando K, Miyazaki M, Shimizu H, Okuno A, Nakajima N. Beneficial effects of prostaglandin E(1) incorporated in lipid microspheres on liver injury and regeneration after 90% partial hepatectomy in rats. Eur Surg Res 2000; 32:155-61. [PMID: 10878456 DOI: 10.1159/000008757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess how the administration of prostaglandin E(1) incorporated in lipid microspheres (Lipo PGE(1)) affects liver injury and regeneration after massive hepatectomy in rats. Two hundred and eight male Wistar rats underwent 90% partial hepatectomy. Lipo PGE(1) of 1, 10 or 30 microg/kg were administered intraperitoneally at 6 h prior to and 0 and 6 h after hepatectomy. Postoperative increases in serum GOT, total bilirubin, IL-6 and plasma endotoxin levels were significantly suppressed by Lipo PGE(1). The depressed phagocytic index and arterial ketone body ratio and hepatic DNA synthesis after 90% partial hepatectomy were significantly enhanced by Lipo PGE(1), which resulted in the improvement of survival. Lipo PGE(1) might bring about a protective effect on liver injury and an enhancement of liver regeneration after massive hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ando
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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15
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Azuma H, Oshima M, Ito K, Okuno A, Kawabata I, Banba K, Murahashi H, Sekine T, Kato Y, Ikebuchi K, Ikeda H. Impaired interleukin-2 production in T-cells from a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: basis of clinical effect of interleukin-2 replacement therapy. Eur J Pediatr 2000; 159:633-4. [PMID: 10968249 DOI: 10.1007/pl00008395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 production may be one of the underlying causes of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome immunodeficiency and recombinant interleukin-2 administration (or an infusion of T-cells expanded by CD3 stimulation and rIL-2) is able, to some extent, to restore defective T-cell function.
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16
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Murayama E, Okuno A, Ohira T, Takagi Y, Nagasawa H. Molecular cloning and expression of an otolith matrix protein cDNA from the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 126:511-20. [PMID: 11026663 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The fish otolith is a hard tissue consisting of calcium carbonate and organic matrices. The matrix proteins play important roles in otolith formation, but little is known about the nature of these proteins. In this study, matrix proteins were extracted from the otoliths of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. EDTA-soluble matrix proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, revealing two major components in the otoliths of both species with apparent molecular masses of 55 and 43 kDa. N-terminal and some internal amino acid sequences of the 55-kDa otolith matrix protein were determined. A cDNA fragment encoding this protein of O. mykiss was amplified by reverse transcription PCR using two degenerate primers designed from the amino acid sequences. A cDNA encoding this protein was obtained by screening a saccular cDNA library using the amplified cDNA fragment as a probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the cDNA clone has a sequence of 2.5 kb and the open reading frame encoding 344 amino acid residues. Northern blot analysis showed that mRNA of this protein is expressed specifically in the sacculus, and consistently during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Murayama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Okuno A, Katayama H, Nagasawa H. Partial characterization of vitellin and localization of vitellogenin production in the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 126:397-407. [PMID: 11007182 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitellins were purified separately from ovaries and eggs of the isopod, Armadillidium vulgare. Ovarian vitellin consisted of at least six proteins with relative molecular masses of 205, 200, 185, 180, 122 and 112 kDa. The larger four proteins disappeared in eggs within a week after oviposition and a 59-kDa protein appeared thereafter. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of these vitellin proteins were identical except for the ovarian 112 kDa, egg 112 kDa and 59 kDa proteins, and showed considerable similarity to those of known vitellogenins from other animals. Comparison of tryptic peptide maps of the 122 and 112 kDa proteins from eggs on reversed-phase HPLC and sequence identification of two randomly selected peaks having the same retention times indicated that two peptides were mostly similar in sequence. PCR-assisted cloning of the 5' region of a cDNA (591 bp) encoding vitellogenin revealed the presence of a signal peptide consisting of 16 amino acid residues and clarified the structural relationship among the protein components except for the ovarian 112 kDa and the egg 59 kDa proteins. Northern blot analysis revealed that the fat body is the main vitellogenin producing organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okuno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Hokkaido, Japan.
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19
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Abstract
We report on clinical and radiologic manifestations in a 3-generation Japanese family with Engelmann disease (ED) or progressive diaphyseal dysplasia. A large variation of phenotype was remarkable among 12 affected family members. Of the 12 patients, 7 had full manifestations of ED, such as bilateral, symmetrical diaphyseal sclerosis of long bones with myopathy and limb pain, whereas the other 5 exhibited only segmental (rhizomelic and/or mesomelic) involvement and asymmetric diaphyseal sclerosis without any clinical symptoms. The phenotype of the latter group of patients resembled Ribbing disease (RD). We propose that ED and RD represent phenotypic variation of the same disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Makita
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan.
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20
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Mitamura R, Yano K, Suzuki N, Ito Y, Makita Y, Okuno A. Diurnal rhythms of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and estradiol secretion before the onset of female puberty in short children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:1074-80. [PMID: 10720042 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.3.6445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate hormonal changes before the onset of female puberty, we measured LH and FSH in serum samples drawn every 20 min for 24 h and measured testosterone and estradiol hourly for 24 h. Seventeen girls (13 prepubertal and 4 early pubertal) of short stature, from 5.1-11.4 yr of age, participated in this study. LH and FSH were measured using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, and testosterone and estradiol were measured using a sensitivity RIA capable of detecting testosterone and estradiol concentrations of 10 and 2 pg/mL, respectively. Diurnal rhythms of LH, FSH, and testosterone were apparent in all subjects, including those aged 5-6 yr. Serum LH and FSH concentrations showed night-day variation in a pulsatile fashion. The serum testosterone concentration was elevated in the early morning in all subjects. The serum estradiol concentration was elevated in the early morning in 4 of 13 prepubertal subjects and all 4 early pubertal subjects. The diurnal pattern of the serum estradiol concentration was similar to that of the serum testosterone concentration. Mean 24-h LH and testosterone concentrations in prepubertal subjects who did not attain puberty for at least 1 yr were 0.07 U/L and 65 pg/mL, respectively, whereas those in prepubertal subjects who attained puberty within 1 yr (0.14 U/L and 106 pg/mL, respectively) were significantly higher. Furthermore, mean 24-h LH, FSH, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations increased with the onset of puberty. In conclusion, the diurnal rhythms of LH, FSH, and testosterone already exist at 5-6 yr of age, and serum LH and testosterone levels increase before the onset of puberty. These results suggest that preparation for the onset of female puberty may begin in 5- to 6-yr-old girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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21
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Azuma H, Moriyama T, Ikeda H, Oshima M, Okuno A, Sekiguchi S. Analysis of soluble interleukin 6 receptor in cerebrospinal fluid in inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Cytokine 2000; 12:160-4. [PMID: 10671302 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1999.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the pathophysiological roles of soluble interleukin 6 receptor (sIL-6R) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF was obtained from patients suspected with meningitis. Eight patients without any meningeal signs or symptoms were enrolled as controls. An additional 34 CSF samples were collected to measure both biologically active and immunoreactive sIL-6R. All CSF samples were proven to be aseptic. IL-6 and sIL-6R were measured using specific ELISAs. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of cell number in CSF; inflammatory group (cell number >5 microl, mean 241+/-363.1, n=61); non-inflammatory group (cell number < or =5 microl, mean=2.1+/-1.7, n=12) and controls (cell number < or =5 microl, mean=0.3+1.7, n=8). Among these three groups, the differences in protein (F (2,78)=8.274, P<0.0001) and IL-6 concentration (F (2,78)=6.475, P<0.001) were statistically significant but those of sIL-6R concentration were not. There were only weak correlations between log (sIL-6R) versus log (cell number) (r=0.23, P=0.0375), log (protein) (r=0.239, P=0.0358) and log (IL-6) (r=0.27, P=0.0167). Amounts of immunoreactive and biologically active sIL-6R were closely correlated (r=0.62, n=34, P<0.005). It was concluded that sIL-6R is present constitutively in CSF and its level may not increase significantly in inflammatory conditions; infiltrating cells in CSF are not the main source of sIL-6R; and sIL-6R in CSF can bind IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Azuma
- Hokkaido Red Cross Blood Center Yamanote, 2-2 Nishi-ku, Sapporo, 063-0002, Japan.
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22
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Shimizu Y, Miyazaki M, Ito H, Nakagawa K, Ambiru S, Shimizu H, Nakamura S, Okuno A, Nozawa S, Nukui Y, Yoshitomi H, Nakajim N. Enhanced polymorphonuclear neutrophil-mediated endothelial cell injury and its relation to high surgical mortality rate in cirrhotic patients. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94:3297-303. [PMID: 10566733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high incidence of complications has been documented in patients with cirrhosis after operations. Recently, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have been revealed to have the capacity to injure vascular endothelium and to cause organ damage. Furthermore, the altered function of PMN has been shown in patients with cirrhosis. However, there are few reports investigating the interaction between PMN and endothelial cells and its relation to a high incidence of postoperative complications in cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate PMN-mediated endothelial cell injury in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Patients were divided into two groups: those who had normal liver with metastatic liver carcinoma and those who had cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. All patients in both groups underwent hepatic resection. PMN were isolated from patients before operation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells and PMN were cocultured after addition of phorbol myristate acetate. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and thrombomodulin in the cocultured medium and the elastase activity in PMN suspension were measured. RESULTS The release of both LDH and thrombomodulin in the group with cirrhosis was significantly higher than in the group with normal liver. The elastase activity was similarly higher in the group with cirrhosis than in the group with normal liver. The surgical morbidity rate was remarkably higher in the group with cirrhosis (50%) than in the group with normal liver (0%). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that PMN have an enhanced potential to cause endothelial cell injury in patients with cirrhosis. This PMN "priming" may be responsible for the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with cirrhosis after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimizu
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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23
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Okuno A, Hasegawa Y, Ohira T, Katakura Y, Nagasawa H. Characterization and cDNA cloning of androgenic gland hormone of the terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 264:419-23. [PMID: 10529379 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sex differentiation in crustaceans is known to be controlled by a peptide hormone called androgenic gland hormone (AGH). AGH was extracted and purified from the androgenic glands (AGs) of the male isopod Armadillidium vulgare by high-performance liquid chromatography. AGH consisted of two peptide chains and their N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined. A cDNA encoding AGH was cloned by PCR and sequenced. The cDNA had an open reading frame of 432 bp, which encoded a preproAGH consisting of a signal peptide (21 residues), B chain (44 residues), C peptide (46 residues), and A chain (29 residues). Through processing, the A and B chains might form a heterodimer interlinked by disulfide bonds. The A chain possessed a putative N-linked glycosylation site. A Northern blot analysis using the cDNA as a probe detected a hybridization signal with 0.8 kb in the RNA preparation only from the AGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okuno
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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24
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Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Miki H, Tamemoto H, Yamauchi T, Komeda K, Satoh S, Nakano R, Ishii C, Sugiyama T, Eto K, Tsubamoto Y, Okuno A, Murakami K, Sekihara H, Hasegawa G, Naito M, Toyoshima Y, Tanaka S, Shiota K, Kitamura T, Fujita T, Ezaki O, Aizawa S, Kadowaki T. PPAR gamma mediates high-fat diet-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance. Mol Cell 1999; 4:597-609. [PMID: 10549291 DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1014] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Agonist-induced activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is known to cause adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. The biological role of PPAR gamma was investigated by gene targeting. Homozygous PPAR gamma-deficient embryos died at 10.5-11.5 dpc due to placental dysfunction. Quite unexpectedly, heterozygous PPAR gamma-deficient mice were protected from the development of insulin resistance due to adipocyte hypertrophy under a high-fat diet. These phenotypes were abrogated by PPAR gamma agonist treatment. Heterozygous PPAR gamma-deficient mice showed overexpression and hypersecretion of leptin despite the smaller size of adipocytes and decreased fat mass, which may explain these phenotypes at least in part. This study reveals a hitherto unpredicted role for PPAR gamma in high-fat diet-induced obesity due to adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance, which requires both alleles of PPAR gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kubota
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University of Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic activity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with a characteristic 30 b.p. deletion of the latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) gene is controversial. We analyzed the LMP-1 gene and two major strains of EBV, type A and type B, in Japanese patients with EBV-associated disease. METHODS We directly sequenced the carboxy terminal part of the LMP-1 gene from 15 EBV-infected patients; 10 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and one patient each with Hodgkin's disease, B cell lymphoma, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), AIDS and atypical EBV infection (atEBV). The EBV subtype was studied by determining the 3' divergence of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA)-2 using polymerase chain reaction primers. RESULTS Twelve of 15 patients had EBV with the 30 b.p. deletion and numerous point mutations of the LMP-1 gene, regardless of the disease. Two patients, one with IM and one with WAS, had EBV without the 30 b.p. deletion. One patient with atEBV had two types of LMP-1 gene, one with and one without the 30 b.p. deletion. Thirteen patients had EBV type A, the WAS patient had the type B strain and the atEBV patient had both types A and B. In the patient with atEBV, the two types of LMP-1 gene and two EBV subtypes were detected simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS The characteristic 30 b.p. deletion of the LMP-1 gene is not an important factor in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated diseases. The EBV type A strain with the 30 b.p. deletion of the LMP-1 gene is prevalent in the Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
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26
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Makita Y, Yamada K, Miyamoto A, Okuno A, Niikawa N. Kabuki make-up syndrome is not caused by microdeletion close to the van der Woude syndrome critical region at 1q32-q41. Am J Med Genet 1999; 86:285-8. [PMID: 10482882 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990917)86:3<285::aid-ajmg18>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We reported on a 5-year-old Japanese girl with clinical manifestations of Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS) and van der Woude syndrome (VWS). Since the concurrence of the two syndromes is known in four patients, including ours, it suggests a common cause. Assuming that the association of the two syndromes was caused by a microdeletion involving the putative KMS/VWS genes, we carried out fluorescence in situ hybridization and microsatellite analyses using PAC clones and dinucleotide repeat markers spanning the VWS1 critical region at 1q32-q41. No deletion was detected at the VWS1 critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Makita
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan.
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27
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Ohira T, Nishimura T, Sonobe H, Okuno A, Watanabe T, Nagasawa H, Kawazoe I, Aida K. Expression of a recombinant molt-inhibiting hormone of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus in Escherichia coli. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999; 63:1576-81. [PMID: 10540746 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.63.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The crustacean molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) suppresses ecdysteroid synthesis by the Y-organ. The MIH of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus has recently been isolated and its cDNA cloned. In this study, we expressed the MIH in Escherichia coli to obtain a large quantity of this hormone with biological activity. The MIH cDNA was processed and ligated into an expression plasmid. E. coli was transformed with this plasmid, and then the recombinant MIH (r-MIH) was expressed. The r-MIH was put through the refolding reaction and was purified by reverse-phase HPLC. N-terminal amino acid sequence and time-of-flight mass spectral analyses supported the idea that the r-MIH had the entire sequence. By in vitro bioassay using the Y-organ of the crayfish, the r-MIH was found to be comparable to natural MIH in inhibiting ecdysteroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohira
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Kaiho T, Miyazaki M, Ito H, Nakagawa K, Ambiru S, Shimizu H, Shimizu Y, Okuno A, Nozawa S, Nukui Y, Nakajima N. Treatment of unresectable hepatic hilar malignancies with self-expanding metallic stents. Hepatogastroenterology 1999; 46:2781-90. [PMID: 10576345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study assesses the treatment of biliary obstruction in patients with hilar malignancies by metallic stents. METHODOLOGY Twenty-one consecutive patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction at the hepatic hilum (Bismuth type II, III and IV) were treated with percutaneous transhepatic placement of self-expandable metallic endoprostheses. The endoprostheses were successfully inserted in all patients. In 12 patients all segments of the liver were drained and in 9 patients partial segments of the liver were drained. RESULTS Seventeen patients (81%) showed relief from jaundice and could be freed of external drainage tubes. Ten patients (48%) showed no recurrent symptoms due to stent obstruction until death. Overall survival was 4.86+/-4.15 (mean+/-SD) months, stent patency was 3.76+/-3.64 months and comfort index representing a ratio of well-being was 70.5+/-38.3%. There was no significant difference in survival rate, stent patency or comfort index between the groups with complete and those with partial drainage. CONCLUSIONS Even in patients with complicated hepatic hilar biliary occlusions, internal drainage using metallic stents can relieve jaundice and leave patients free of external tubes with a comfortable quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaiho
- First Department of Surgery, Chiba University School of Medicine, Japan
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Miyazaki M, Ito H, Nakagawa K, Ambiru S, Shimizu H, Okuno A, Nozawa S, Nukui Y, Yoshitomi H, Furuya S, Kusashio K, Nakajima N. Does aggressive surgical resection improve the outcome in advanced gallbladder carcinoma? Hepatogastroenterology 1999; 46:2128-32. [PMID: 10521954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma have usually been considered nonresectable, leading to a very poor outcome. This study was aimed to evaluate the results of our aggressive surgical approaches in certain cases of advanced gallbladder carcinoma. METHODOLOGY Ninety-one patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma of stages pT3 and pT4 who underwent surgery at our institution were the subjects of this study. Fifty-eight of 91 patients had surgical excision; 44 by hepatic resection and 14 by hilar resection. Post-operative outcome was evaluated. Advanced gallbladder carcinomas were classified according to our previously reported classification: type I hepatic; type II biliary; type III hepatobiliary; type IV others. RESULTS Curative resection was obtained at a more increased rate in type I tumor patients than in types II and III (91% vs. 29%, p < 0.01). The surgical mortality rate was 17%. Survival rates of resected patients were significantly higher that those of nonresected patients: 45%, 31%, 22%, 17%, 13% at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years vs. 9%, 9%, 0% at 1, 2, 3 years (p < 0.01). Survival rates of type I tumor patients after curative resection were remarkably higher than those of type II and III tumor patients, (69%, 64%, 56%, 48%, 39% at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years vs. 17%, 17%, 0% at 1, 2, 3 years). CONCLUSIONS Aggressive surgical approaches might bring about improved prognosis in advanced gallbladder carcinoma, especially for patients with type I tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyazaki
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed to study the metabolic changes in the brain of a patient with Leigh syndrome, who had a T-->G point mutation at nt 8993 of mitochondrial DNA. In this patient, sodium dichloroacetate therapy normalized the lactate and pyruvate levels in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, his psychomotor retardation did not improve and magnetic resonance imaging showed progressive cerebral atrophy. In the patient's spectra, elevation of brain lactate was observed throughout the brain with regional variations, predominantly in the basal ganglia and brainstem with an abnormal MRI appearance. Although the lactate/creatine ratio observed on proton-MRS was related to the CSF lactate level, the ratio did not completely parallel the CSF lactate level, i.e. brain lactate was detected even when the CSF lactate level had become normalized. Furthermore, proton-MRS revealed a decrease in the N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio and an increase in the choline/creatine ratio, representing neuronal loss and breakdown of membrane phospholipids. The clinical and MRI findings were well related to the changes in spectroscopically determined brain metabolites. These results indicate that the brain metabolites observed on proton-MRS are useful indicators of a response to therapy and prognosis in Leigh syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
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31
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Miyazaki M, Ito H, Nakagawa K, Ambiru S, Shimizu H, Okuno A, Nukui Y, Yoshitomi H, Kusashio K, Furuya S, Nakajima N. Aggressive surgical resection for hepatic metastases involving the inferior vena cava. Am J Surg 1999; 177:294-8. [PMID: 10326846 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(99)00044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implications of aggressive surgical approaches for hepatic metastases involving the inferior vena cava (IVC) have not been clarified yet. The aim of this study is to assess the preliminary results of aggressive surgical resection for hepatic metastases involving the IVC. METHODS Sixteen patients with hepatic metastases involving the IVC underwent surgical resections with the repair and reconstruction of the IVC: patch repair in 2 and ringed Goretex in 1, primary closure in 13 patients. Hepatic metastases were from colorectal cancer in 14, stomach cancer in 1, and uterine cancer in 1 patient. RESULTS Vascular control utilized for resecting the IVC were total hepatic vascular exclusion in 8, hypothermic isolated hepatic perfusion in 3, and side clamp in 5 patients. The combined IVC resection with hepatectomy in 16 patients brought about 25% and 6% surgical morbidity and mortality rates, respectively. Survival rates following surgical resections were 64%, 33%, 33%, 22%, 22% for 14 patients of colorectal metastases involving the IVC as compared with 82%, 58%, 41%, 37%, 27% at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years, respectively, for 154 patients of colorectal metastases not involving the IVC. CONCLUSION Hepatic metastases involving the IVC could be safely resected without an increase in surgical risk. Aggressive surgical approaches might bring about a favorable outcome in select patients with colorectal hepatic metastases involving the IVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyazaki
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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32
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Takahashi S, Oki J, Miyamoto A, Moriyama T, Asano A, Inyaku F, Okuno A. Beta-2-microglobulin and ferritin in cerebrospinal fluid for evaluation of patients with meningitis of different etiologies. Brain Dev 1999; 21:192-9. [PMID: 10372906 DOI: 10.1016/s0387-7604(99)00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether or not the beta-2-microglobulin (beta2-m) and/or ferritin levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be used as markers for the differential diagnosis of meningitis and determination of the response to treatment, 122 subjects with etiologically well-characterized diagnoses were classified into three groups: bacterial meningitis (n = 5; mean age +/- SD. 1.0+/-1.0 year), viral meningitis (n = 39; 5.9+/-3.8 years), and a non-meningitis group (n = 78; 5.2+/-4.9 years). The levels of beta2-m and ferritin in CSF were determined by means of a latex photometric immunoassay. The statistical significance of the data was analyzed with the Mann Whitney U-test. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each prediction marker. This study indicated that (1) the levels of beta2-m and ferritin in CSF were related with age in the non-meningitis group: subjects of up to 5 months of age exhibited higher concentrations of these proteins than ones of above 6 months of age (beta2-m, 1.89+/-1.13 vs. 0.84+/-0.65 mg/l. P < 0.01; ferritin, 2.97+/-2.04 vs. 1.81+/-1.34 microg/l, P = 0.09); (2) the beta2-m level was significantly higher in the CSF of patients with viral meningitis than in ones without meningitis (2.41+/-1.23 vs. 0.84+/-0.65 mg/l, P < 0.01): the best cut-off value was 1.2 mg/l (3) the ferritin level was significantly higher in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis than in ones with viral meningitis (43.24+/-39.49 vs. 6.81+/-7.41 microg/l, P < (.01): the best cut-off value was 7.5 microg/l; and (4) sequential measurement of the CSF ferritin level was of value for determination of the response to antibiotic treatment for bacterial meningitis. These results only apply to patients of greater than 6 months of age. beta2-m and ferritin in the CSF can be used as an ancillary tool for diagnostic guidance in the acute phase of meningitis and determination of the response to treatment for bacterial meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
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Terauchi Y, Tsuji Y, Satoh S, Minoura H, Murakami K, Okuno A, Inukai K, Asano T, Kaburagi Y, Ueki K, Nakajima H, Hanafusa T, Matsuzawa Y, Sekihara H, Yin Y, Barrett JC, Oda H, Ishikawa T, Akanuma Y, Komuro I, Suzuki M, Yamamura K, Kodama T, Suzuki H, Yamamura K, Kodama T, Suzuki H, Koyasu S, Aizawa S, Tobe K, Fukui Y, Yazaki Y, Kadowaki T. Increased insulin sensitivity and hypoglycaemia in mice lacking the p85 alpha subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Nat Genet 1999; 21:230-5. [PMID: 9988280 DOI: 10.1038/6023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark of type 2 diabetes, the most common metabolic disorder, is a defect in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in peripheral tissues. Although a role for phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) activity in insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose transporter isoform 4 (Glut4) translocation has been suggested in vitro, its role in vivo and the molecular link between activation of PI3K and translocation has not yet been elucidated. To determine the role of PI3K in glucose homeostasis, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene encoding the p85alpha regulatory subunit of PI3K (Pik3r1; refs 3-5). Pik3r1-/- mice showed increased insulin sensitivity and hypoglycaemia due to increased glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. Insulin-stimulated PI3K activity associated with insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) was mediated via full-length p85 alpha in wild-type mice, but via the p50 alpha alternative splicing isoform of the same gene in Pik3r1-/- mice. This isoform switch was associated with an increase in insulin-induced generation of phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)triphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) in Pik3r1-/- adipocytes and facilitation of Glut4 translocation from the low-density microsome (LDM) fraction to the plasma membrane (PM). This mechanism seems to be responsible for the phenotype of Pik3r1-/- mice, namely increased glucose transport and hypoglycaemia. Our work provides the first direct evidence that PI3K and its regulatory subunit have a role in glucose homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Terauchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Takahashi S, Oki J, Miyamoto A, Koyano S, Ito K, Azuma H, Okuno A. Encephalopathy associated with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis following rotavirus infection. Eur J Pediatr 1999; 158:133-7. [PMID: 10048610 DOI: 10.1007/s004310051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A 2-year-old Japanese boy with a haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) associated encephalopathy which developed after rotavirus infection is described. The neurological symptoms consisted of coma, seizures and spastic quadriplegia. On therapy with steroids, etoposide and cyclosporin A, the patient recovered without any neurological deficits. The interferon-gamma levels in serum and CSF were elevated at onset of the disease but had returned to normal at the time of clinical remission. Brain MRI revealed diffuse white matter abnormalities and parenchymal volume loss. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed elevated lactate in the abnormal lesions observed on MRI, indicating that macrophages not exhibiting aerobic metabolism had infiltrated the CNS. At the time of clinical remission, the white matter abnormalities and brain lactate had disappeared. These findings suggested that the neurological symptoms resulted from the overproduction of cytokines by activated T-cells and macrophages. The pathophysiology of a HLH associated encephalopathy was considered to be a local immune response within the CNS, because interferon-gamma can induce the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II antigens on glial cells in the CNS. CONCLUSION Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated encephalopathy should be considered early in the differential diagnosis of cases with acute onset neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Paediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
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35
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Abstract
We studied the circadian rhythm of serum melatonin levels in two patients with classical Rett syndrome having severe sleep disorders; serum melatonin levels were measured before and during melatonin treatment using radioimmunoassay. Patient 1 had a free-running rhythm of sleep-wake cycle from 3 years of age. At the age of 4 years, the peak time of melatonin was delayed 6 h compared to normal control and the peak value was at the lower limit. Patient 2 had a fragmented sleep pattern accompanied by night screaming from 1 year and 6 months of age. At the age of 10 years, the peak time of melatonin secretion was normal but the peak value was at the lower limit. These patients were given 5 mg melatonin orally prior to bedtime. Exogenous melatonin dramatically improved the sleep-wake cycle in patient 1. In patient 2, exogenous melatonin showed a hypnotic effect but early morning awakenings occurred occasionally. When melatonin treatment was stopped, the sleep disorders recurred and re-administration of 3 mg melatonin was effective in both patients. The effect was maintained over 2 years without any adverse effects. These findings suggests that sleep disorders in patients with Rett syndrome may relate with an impaired secretion of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan.
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36
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Matsuura N, Suzuki S, Yokota Y, Kazahari K, Kazahari M, Toyota T, Hirai M, Okuno A, Harada S, Fukushima N, Koike A, Ito Y, Hotsubo T. The prevalence of mitochondrial gene mutations in childhood diabetes in Japan. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 1999; 12:27-30. [PMID: 10392345 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.1999.12.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of mitochondrial DNA mutations among Japanese children with IDDM as well as in those with NIDDM, a total of 155 patients with IDDM and 30 patients with NIDDM who were younger than 15 years of age at onset were studied for the following mtDNA mutations: 1) the A-->G mutation at position 3243 of mitochondrial leucine transfer RNA (3243 mutation); 2) the G-->A mutation at position 3316 of mitochondrial leucine transfer RNA (3316 mutation), and 3) The T-->C mutation at position 3394 of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit (3394 mutation). None of the 155 IDDM patients had the 3243 mutation. Although two of the 155 IDDM patients had homoplasmy of 3316 and five had 3394 mutations, these frequencies were not significant compared with healthy controls. None of the 30 NIDDM patients had the 3243, 3316 or 3394 mutation. The presence of these mutations even in control subjects suggests that the effect of the 3316 or 3394 mutation on mitochondrial function is relatively mild. It seems that 3316 and 3394 mutations contribute to the manifestation of diabetes together with other genetic and/or environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matsuura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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37
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Mitamura R, Yano K, Suzuki N, Ito Y, Makita Y, Okuno A. Diurnal rhythms of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone secretion before the onset of male puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:29-37. [PMID: 9920058 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.1.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate hormonal change before the onset of male puberty, we measured LH and FSH in serum samples drawn every 20 min for 24 h and measured testosterone hourly for 24 h. Forty-six boys (32 prepubertal and 14 pubertal) of short stature, between 4.4-19.3 yr of age, participated in this study. LH and FSH were measured using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay, and testosterone was measured using high sensitivity RIA capable of detecting a testosterone concentration of 0.01 ng/mL. Diurnal rhythms of LH, FSH, and testosterone were apparent in all subjects, including those aged 4-5 yr. Serum LH and FSH concentrations showed night-day variation in a pulsatile fashion. The serum testosterone concentration was elevated at early morning in all subjects. Mean 24-h LH, FSH, and testosterone concentrations of prepubertal subjects who did not attain puberty for at least 3 yr were 0.10 U/L, 0.63 U/L, and 0.06 ng/mL, respectively, whereas those of prepubertal subjects who attained puberty within 1 yr (0.54 U/L, 1.68 U/L, and 0.10 ng/mL, respectively) were significantly higher. Furthermore, mean 24-h LH, FSH, and testosterone concentrations increased with developing puberty. All of the 46 subjects showed positive cross-correlation between the LH and testosterone time series. The mean lag time from the LH to the testosterone time series in the prepubertal subjects who attained puberty within 1 yr (4.7 +/- 2.4 h, mean +/- SD) was shorter than that in the prepubertal subjects who attained puberty after at least 3 yr (7.3 +/- 2.2 h). This lag time decreased with developing puberty, plateauing at 1.4 +/- 0.9 h at midpuberty. Thus, the diurnal rhythms of LH, FSH, and testosterone already exist at 4-5 yr of age; serum LH, FSH, and testosterone levels increase before the onset of puberty; and a time delay is observed between the LH and testosterone time series that decreases before the onset of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mitamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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Fujiwara T, Ohsawa T, Takahashi S, Ikeda K, Okuno A, Ushiyama S, Matsuda K, Horikoshi H. Troglitazone, a new antidiabetic agent possessing radical scavenging ability, improved decreased skin blood flow in diabetic rats. Life Sci 1998; 63:2039-47. [PMID: 9839548 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Troglitazone is a new class of antidiabetic agent possessing radical scavenging ability similar to vitamin E. Because of this ability, it is expected to improve decreased nutritive capillary blood flow in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of troglitazone on skin blood flow(SBF) in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Effects of troglitazone on vasodilation, PGI2 and PGE2 production were also assessed in perfused hindlimb, isolated rat aorta rings and 3T6 fibroblasts, respectively. SBF at the base of the tail was decreased in STZ diabetic rats (2.1+/-0.2 ml/min/100 g) compared with normal rats (3.8+/-0.2 ml/min/100 g). This decrease of SBF was significantly improved (2.9+/-0.2 ml/min/100 g) by troglitazone treatment (approximately 220 mg/kg/day) for 7 days in STZ diabetic rats without alleviating hyperglycemia. Similar troglitazone treatment (approximately 160 mg/kg/day for 7 days) tended to increase SBF (approximately 30%) even in normal rats. In normal rats, subcutaneous administration of troglitazone (60 mg/kg) acutely increased SBF and, this increase was suppressed by 70% with pretreatment (10 mg/kg s.c.) of indomethacin, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, suggesting that troglitazone increases skin blood flow predominantly by increasing PGI2 and PGE2 production. In hindlimb perfusion under fixed flow rate, troglitazone infusion (20 microM) significantly decreased perfusion pressure by 13%, which reflects vasodilation of blood vessels. This decrease of perfusion pressure was inhibited by concomitant infusion of indomethacin but not N-monomethyl-L-arginine, inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. In vitro studies, using isolated rat aorta rings, revealed that troglitazone (4.5 to 45 microM) increases PGI2 production by 31 and 70%, respectively. In 3T6 fibroblast (a component of skin tissue), troglitazone at a low dose of 0.3 microM increased PGI2 and PGE2 by 200% and 25%, respectively. Overall all, these results suggest that troglitazone increases nutritive SBF probably by virtue of its radical scavenging thus the resulting in an increase in PGI2 and PGE2 production in blood vessels and fibroblast. Troglitazone may alleviate impaired microcirculation in diabetic patients through these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujiwara
- Pharmacology & Molecular Biology Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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Matsuura N, Fukuda K, Okuno A, Harada S, Fukushima N, Koike A, Ito Y, Hotsubo T. Descriptive epidemiology of IDDM in Hokkaido, Japan: the Childhood IDDM Hokkaido Registry. Diabetes Care 1998; 21:1632-6. [PMID: 9773722 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.21.10.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the incidence of IDDM with regard to sex, age, family history of diabetes, season, and 5-year period of childhood IDDM among children ages 0-14 years from a population-based epidemiological study in Hokkaido, Japan, from 1973 to 1992. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Registration of all new IDDM cases in Hokkaido was conducted by the Childhood IDDM Hokkaido Registry Study Group from 1973 to 1992. The cases were selected from among 1) patients who were admitted to the member hospitals of the study group, 2) patients who answered a questionnaire distributed to hospitals and diabetic clinics throughout Hokkaido, and 3) patients whose cases were recorded in free-treatment medical records of urban and rural districts. The case ascertainment rate was estimated to be 100%. Differences in incidence with regard to sex, age, family history of diabetes, season, and year period were analyzed by the Poisson regression analysis by GENMOD. RESULTS During the 20-year period studied, 396 cases (181 boys, 215 girls) of abrupt-onset IDDM were registered. Statistically significant differences in annual incidence were found according to sex (female), age (8-14 years), history (having no diabetes in family), season (spring), and 5-year period. CONCLUSIONS This is the first population-based, long-term epidemiological study of childhood IDDM from Japan. We observed a significantly higher annual incidence (per 100,000/year) of IDDM in female subjects (1.81), older age-groups (2.25 for 8-14 years), subjects with no family history of diabetes (1.26), diabetes onset in the spring (2.20), and an increased trend over the 20 years. In addition, the heterogeneity of IDDM among Japanese children needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Matsuura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
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40
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Abstract
Hypoxic changes in the medulla-spinal cord descending neurons were studied morphologically using a retrograde neurotracer, choleratoxin B subunit (CTb). On postnatal day 7, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a hypoxic load of 8% oxygen for 5 hours. In the rats that survived, CTb was injected into the lumbar enlargement at postnatal day 26, and they were killed at postnatal day 28 for histologic analysis. Retrograde transported CTb was visualized by immunohistochemistry. The results were compared with those obtained from control rats. In the control rats, CTb-positive cells were observed in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis, nucleus reticularis magnocellularis, nucleus raphe magnus, nucleus raphe obscurus, and nucleus raphe pallidus. In the hypoxic rats, although CTb-positive cells were detected in the same areas as the control rats, there was a noteworthy decrease in the number of CTb-positive cells in all areas, and there were many cells with hypoxic degeneration. In all of the nuclei a marked decrease in the number of CTb-positive cells was observed. Because medulla-spinal cord descending neurons have important roles in the regulation of postural muscle tone, these results may account for the pathophysiology of abnormal muscle tonus accompanying hypoxic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Habilitation Center for Disabled Children, Hokkaido, Japan
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41
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Takahashi S, Oki J, Miyamoto A, Okuno A. Hemidystonia, hemichorea, and motor aphasia associated with bilateral ischemic lesions in the striatum: regional cerebral blood flow studies to clarify the pathophysiology. J Child Neurol 1998; 13:408-11. [PMID: 9721899 DOI: 10.1177/088307389801300810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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42
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Yano K, Okuno A. [Constitutively activating mutations in the luteinizing hormone receptor gene in cases of male-limited precocious puberty]. Nihon Rinsho 1998; 56:1843-1847. [PMID: 9702063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Familial male-limited precocious puberty(FMPP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by marked elevation of serum testosterone despite low levels of gonadotropin. In 1993, a single point mutation, Asp578 to Gly(D578G), in the luteinizing hormone(LH) receptor gene was found in FMPP families. After discovery of the D578G mutation in the sixth transmembrane region of the LH receptor gene, seven other mutations in the fifth and sixth transmembrane regions, two mutations in the third intracellular loop and one mutation in the second transmembrane domain of the LH receptor have been found in the patients with familial and sporadic male-limited precocious puberty. These mutations caused constitutively elevated cAMP levels in transfected cells in vitro. These results suggested that Leydig cell activation and precocious puberty were caused by activating mutations of the LH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yano
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College
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Kakuya F, Takase M, Ishii N, Kajino M, Hayashi T, Miyamoto K, Muraki S, Iwamoto J, Okuno A. Inhaled nitric oxide therapy via nasopharyngeal tube in an infant with end-stage pulmonary hypertension. Acta Paediatr Jpn 1998; 40:155-8. [PMID: 9581308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of nitric oxide (NO) via a nasopharyngeal tube is an alternative to endotracheal intubation. A male infant with end-stage pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to a severe hypoplastic lung developed a PH crisis on day 145 and received NO inhalation via a nasopharyngeal tube. Clinical improvement was maintained for 7 days with 18-22 ppm NO inhalation. The patient remained in close physical contact with his parents without the use of sedation. Blood methemoglobin levels remained below 1%. The environmental NO levels were less than 0.06 ppm and NO2 less than 0.3 ppm throughout the treatment, well within the safety margin. On day 152, the patient succumbed to hypoxemia and heart failure. The use of a nasopharyngeal NO delivery system without sedation, as an alternative to endotracheal intubation with sedation, was a practical method in treating a patient with PH while maintaining a certain quality of life for the patient and the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kakuya
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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44
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Ito Y, Urae A, Okuno A. Mild serum thyroid hormone increase during and after five-day administration of human growth hormone in healthy male adults. Endocr J 1998; 45 Suppl:S125-7. [PMID: 9790246 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.45.suppl_s125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Hokkaido, Japan
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45
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Oki J, Miyamoto A, Takahashi S, Itoh J, Sakata Y, Okuno A. Cyclic vomiting and elevation of creatine kinase associated with bitemporal hypoperfusion and EEG abnormalities: a migraine equivalent? Brain Dev 1998; 20:186-9. [PMID: 9628197 DOI: 10.1016/s0387-7604(98)00017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A 13-year-old mentally retarded boy suffered from repeated vomiting attacks since infancy. Each episode lasted 2 to 10 days, and was precipitated by respiratory infection, exercise or stress. During an attack he became irritated, agitated and amnesic, but did not have headaches or seizures. Associated findings were transient elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) (331-3381 IU/l), and of plasma ACTH and cortisol. The raised CK level was the result of muscle hypertonicity. Ictal EEGs showed delta activity in the front-temporal areas, and inter-ictal IMP-SPECT revealed hypoperfusion in both temporal regions. Unlike the periodic ACTH-ADH discharge syndrome, neither hypertension nor depression developed. These attacks were diagnosed as a migraine equivalent and were suppressed with phenytoin. From the EEG and SPECT findings, we concluded that the vomiting and behavioural changes were related to the paroxysmal vascular abnormality in the temporal regions, but it was not easy to make the distinction between migraine and focal epilepsy. Before a diagnosis of the periodic ACTH-ADH discharge syndrome is made, the possibility of migraine equivalent should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oki
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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46
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Okuno A, Tamemoto H, Tobe K, Ueki K, Mori Y, Iwamoto K, Umesono K, Akanuma Y, Fujiwara T, Horikoshi H, Yazaki Y, Kadowaki T. Troglitazone increases the number of small adipocytes without the change of white adipose tissue mass in obese Zucker rats. J Clin Invest 1998; 101:1354-61. [PMID: 9502777 PMCID: PMC508690 DOI: 10.1172/jci1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Troglitazone (CS-045) is one of the thiazolidinediones that activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which is expressed primarily in adipose tissues. To elucidate the mechanism by which troglitazone relieves insulin resistance in vivo, we studied its effects on the white adipose tissues of an obese animal model (obese Zucker rat). Administration of troglitazone for 15 d normalized mild hyperglycemia and marked hyperinsulinemia in these rats. Plasma triglyceride level was decreased by troglitazone in both obese and lean rats. Troglitazone did not change the total weight of white adipose tissues but increased the number of small adipocytes (< 2,500 micron2) approximately fourfold in both retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese rats. It also decreased the number of large adipocytes (> 5,000 micron2) by approximately 50%. In fact, the percentage of apoptotic nuclei was approximately 2.5-fold higher in the troglitazone-treated retroperitoneal white adipose tissue than control. Concomitantly, troglitazone normalized the expression levels of TNF-alpha which were elevated by 2- and 1.4-fold in the retroperitoneal and mesenteric white adipose tissues of the obese rats, respectively. Troglitazone also caused a dramatic decrease in the expression levels of leptin, which were increased by 4-10-fold in the white adipose tissues of obese rats. These results suggest that the primary action of troglitazone may be to increase the number of small adipocytes in white adipose tissues, presumably via PPARgamma. The increased number of small adipocytes and the decreased number of large adipocytes in white adipose tissues of troglitazone-treated obese rats appear to be an important mechanism by which increased expression levels of TNF-alpha and higher levels of plasma lipids are normalized, leading to alleviation of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Okuno
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan
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47
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Jeandel L, Okuno A, Kobayashi T, Kikuyama S, Tostivint H, Lihrmann I, Chartrel N, Conlon JM, Fournier A, Tonon MC, Vaudry H. Effects of the two somatostatin variants somatostatin-14 and [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin-14 on receptor binding, adenylyl cyclase activity and growth hormone release from the frog pituitary. J Neuroendocrinol 1998; 10:187-92. [PMID: 9576606 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two isoforms of somatostatin from frog brain have been recently characterized, namely somatostatin-14 (SS1) and [Pro2, Met13]somatostatin-14 (SS2). The genes encoding for the precursors of these two somatostatin variants are expressed in hypothalamic nuclei involved in the control of the frog pituitary. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of SS1 and SS2 on adenohypophysial cells. Autoradiographic studies using [125I-Tyr, D-Trp8] SS1 as a radioligand revealed that somatostatin binding sites are evenly distributed in the frog pars distalis. The SS2 variant was significantly (P < 0.01) more potent than SS1 in competing with the radioligand (IC50= 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 5.6 +/- 0.6 nM, respectively). Both SS1 and SS2 induced a modest but significant reduction in cAMP formation in dispersed distal lobe cells but did not affect spontaneous growth hormone (GH) release. Synthetic human GRF (hGRF) induced a significant increase in cAMP accumulation and GH release in this system. Both SS1 and SS2 inhibited the stimulatory effects of hGRF on cAMP formation and GH secretion. These data show that the SS1 and SS2 variants can regulate adenohypophysial functions. The fact that GH cells are exclusively located in the dorsal area of the frog adenohypophysis, while somatostatin receptors are present throughout the pars distalis, indicates that the two somatostatin isoforms may control the secretion of pituitary hormones additional to GH in amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jeandel
- European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP no. 23), INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Takahashi S, Makita Y, Oki J, Miyamoto A, Yanagawa J, Naito E, Goto Y, Okuno A. De novo mtDNA nt 8993 (T-->G) mutation resulting in Leigh syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62:717-9. [PMID: 9556461 PMCID: PMC1376970 DOI: 10.1086/301751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Miyazaki M, Ito H, Nakagawa K, Ambiru S, Shimizu H, Shimizu Y, Okuno A, Nozawa S, Nukui Y, Yoshitomi H, Nakajima N. Segments I and IV resection as a new approach for hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg 1998; 175:229-31. [PMID: 9560126 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9610(97)00295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major hepatic resection for biliary tract carcinoma with obstructive jaundice has been reported on as bringing about high surgical morbidity and mortality rates. It has been also revealed that the extent of hepatic resection is closely associated with the occurrence of postoperative complications. Therefore, hepatic resection, limited as much as possible to what is necessary for curative resection, should be performed according to cancer extent. We performed a new surgical approach in 3 patients with hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma that included total resection of hepatic segments I and IV (by Couinaud's classification) and bile duct resection with hepaticojejunostomy of 4 to 6 intrahepatic bile duct stumps. All patients underwent curative surgical resections and were discharged within 6 weeks after surgery, without any serious complications. This limited resection of hepatic segments I and IV could be an effective radical surgical procedure for hepatic hilar cholangiocarcinoma, to avoid the occurrence of postoperative liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyazaki
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Takahashi S, Oki J, Miyamoto A, Tokumitsu A, Obata M, Ogawa K, Tokusashi Y, Saijo H, Okuno A. Autopsy findings in pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha deficiency: case report. J Child Neurol 1997; 12:519-24. [PMID: 9430319 DOI: 10.1177/088307389701200812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, Japan
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