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Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Arena A, Bachrach L, Beaman J, Biggs MA, Collins A, Hannum C, Ho S, Seibold-Simpson SM, Sobota M, Tocce K, Schwarz EB, Gold M. Mail-Order Pharmacy Dispensing of Mifepristone for Medication Abortion After In-Person Screening. JAMA Intern Med 2024:2818276. [PMID: 38739404 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Importance Before 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration required mifepristone to be dispensed in person, limiting access to medication abortion. Objective To estimate the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of dispensing mifepristone for medication abortion using a mail-order pharmacy. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2022 and included 11 clinics in 7 states (5 abortion clinics and 6 primary care sites, 4 of which were new to abortion provision). Eligible participants were seeking medication abortion at 63 or fewer days' gestation, spoke English or Spanish, were age 15 years or older, and were willing to take misoprostol buccally. After assessing eligibility for medication abortion through an in-person screening, mifepristone and misoprostol were prescribed using a mail-order pharmacy. Patients had standard follow-up care with the clinic. Clinical information was collected from medical records. Consenting participants completed online surveys about their experiences 3 and 14 days after enrolling. A total of 540 participants were enrolled; 10 withdrew or did not take medication. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to December 2023. Intervention Mifepristone, 200 mg, and misoprostol, 800 µg, prescribed to a mail-order pharmacy and mailed to participants instead of dispensed in person. Main Outcomes and Measures Proportion of patients with a complete abortion with medications only, reporting satisfaction with the medication abortion, and reporting timely delivery of medications. Results Clinical outcome information was obtained and analyzed for 510 abortions (96.2%) among 506 participants (median [IQR] age, 27 [23-31] years; 506 [100%] female; 194 [38.3%] Black, 88 [17.4%] Hispanic, 141 [27.9%] White, and 45 [8.9%] multiracial/other individuals). Of these, 436 participants (85.5%; 95% CI, 82.2%-88.4%) received medications within 3 days. Complete abortion occurred after medication use in 499 cases (97.8%; 95% CI, 96.2%-98.9%). There were 24 adverse events (4.7%) for which care was sought for medication abortion symptoms; 3 patients (0.6%; 95% CI, 0.1%-1.7%) experienced serious adverse events requiring hospitalization (1 with blood transfusion); however, no adverse events were associated with mail-order dispensing. Of 477 participants, 431 (90.4%; 95% CI, 87.3%-92.9%) indicated that they would use mail-order dispensing again for abortion care, and 435 participants (91.2%; 95% CI, 88.3%-93.6%) reported satisfaction with the medication abortion. Findings were similar to those of other published studies of medication abortion with in-person dispensing. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study indicate that mail-order pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone for medication abortion was effective, acceptable to patients, and feasible, with a low prevalence of serious adverse events. This care model should be expanded to improve access to medication abortion services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grossman
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, California
| | - Sarah Raifman
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, California
| | - Natalie Morris
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, California
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Family Medicine, Brown University, Pawtucket, Rhode Island
| | - Lela Bachrach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jessica Beaman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco
| | - M Antonia Biggs
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, California
| | - Amy Collins
- Allegheny Reproductive Health Center, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia
| | | | - Stephanie Ho
- Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, Oakland, California
| | | | - Mindy Sobota
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kristina Tocce
- Planned Parenthood of the Rocky Mountains, Denver, Colorado
| | - Eleanor B Schwarz
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Marji Gold
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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Benedetti R, Romeo MA, Arena A, Gilardini Montani MS, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. ATF6 supports lysosomal function in tumor cells to enable ER stress-activated macroautophagy and CMA: impact on mutant TP53 expression. Autophagy 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38566314 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2338577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which usually protects cancer cells from stress, may be exploited to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of drugs inducing ER stress. However, in this study, we found that ER stress and UPR activation by thapsigargin or tunicamycin promoted the lysosomal degradation of mutant (MUT) TP53 and that the inhibition of the UPR sensor ATF6, but not of ERN1/IRE1 or EIF2AK3/PERK, counteracted such an effect. ATF6 activation was indeed required to sustain the function of lysosomes, enabling the execution of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) as well as of macroautophagy, processes involved in the degradation of MUT TP53 in stressed cancer cells. At the molecular level, by pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrated that the inhibition of ATF6 correlated with the activation of MTOR and with TFEB and LAMP1 downregulation in thapsigargin-treated MUT TP53 carrying cells. We hypothesize that the rescue of MUT TP53 expression by ATF6 inhibition, could further activate MTOR and maintain lysosomal dysfunction, further inhibiting MUT TP53 degradation, in a vicious circle. The findings of this study suggest that the presence of MUT TP53, which often exerts oncogenic properties, should be considered before approaching treatments combining ER stressors with ATF6 inhibitors against cancer cells, while it could represent a promising strategy against cancer cells that harbor WT TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Di Crosta M, Arena A, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Cirone M. 5-AZA Upregulates SOCS3 and PTPN6/SHP1, Inhibiting STAT3 and Potentiating the Effects of AG490 against Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2468-2479. [PMID: 38534772 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including aberrant DNA methylation occurring at the promoters of oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes and histone modifications, can contribute to carcinogenesis. Aberrant methylation mediated by histone methylatransferases, alongside histones, can affect methylation of proteins involved in the regulation of pro-survival pathways such as JAK/STAT and contribute to their activation. In this study, we used DNA or histone demethylating agents, 5-Azacytidine (5-AZA) or DS-3201 (valemetostat), respectively, to treat primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells, alone or in combination with AG490, a Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor. Cell viability was investigated by trypan blue assay and FACS analysis. The molecular changes induced by 5-AZA and/or AG490 treatments were investigated by Western blot analysis, while cytokine release by PEL cells treated by these drugs was evaluated by Luminex. Statistical analyses were performed with Graphpad Prism® software (version 9) and analyzed by Student's t test or a nonparametric one-way ANOVA test. The results obtained in this study suggest that 5-AZA upregulated molecules that inhibit STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation, namely Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) and tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type (PTPN) 6/Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), reducing STAT3 activation and downregulating several STAT3 pro-survival targets in PEL cells. As this lymphoma is highly dependent on the constitutive activation of STAT3, 5-AZA impaired PEL cell survival, and when used in combination with AG490 JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, it potentiated its cytotoxic effect. Differently from 5-AZA, the inhibition of the EZH1/2 histone methyltransferase by DS-3201, reported to contribute to STAT3 activation in other cancers, slightly affected STAT3 phosphorylation or survival in PEL cells, either alone or in combination with AG490. This study suggests that 5-AZA, by upregulating the expression level of SOCS3 and PTPN6/SHP1, reduced STAT3 activation and improved the outcome of treatment targeting this transcription factor in PEL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Crosta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Romeo MA, Focaccetti C, Arena A, Benedetti R, Di Crosta M, Palumbo C, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Bei R, Cirone M. New insights into the Bortezomib-induced cytotoxic and resistance mechanisms in a primary effusion lymphoma mouse model. Hematol Oncol 2024; 42:e3262. [PMID: 38450785 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Di Crosta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Arena A, Romeo MA, Po A, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Gonnella R, Santarelli R, Gaeta A, De Smaele E, Cirone M. The inhibition of IRE1alpha/XBP1 axis prevents EBV-driven lymphomagenesis in NSG mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0263623. [PMID: 37882554 PMCID: PMC10715178 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02636-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The novelty of this study lies in the fact that it shows that IRE1 alpha endoribonuclease inhibition by 4μ8C was able to counteract Epstein-Barr virus-driven lymphomagenesis in NOD SCID gamma mice and prevent B-cell immortalization in vitro, unveiling that this drug may be a promising therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) onset in immune-deficient patients. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that 4μ8C impaired the survival of PTLD-like cells derived from mice, meaning that it could be helpful also in the case in which there is the possibility that these malignancies have begun to arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome, Italy
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Santarelli R, Evangelista L, Pompili C, Lo Presti S, Rossi A, Arena A, Gaeta A, Gonnella R, Gilardini Montani MS, Cirone M. EBV infection of primary colonic epithelial cells causes inflammation, DDR and autophagy dysregulation, effects that may predispose to IBD and carcinogenesis. Virus Res 2023; 338:199236. [PMID: 37797746 PMCID: PMC10582763 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
EBV is a gammaherpesvirus strongly associated to human cancer. The virus has been shown to play a role also in inflammatory diseases, including IBD, in the context of which colon cancer more frequently arise. In this study, we show for the first time that EBV infects primary colonic epithelial cells (HCoEpC), promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and activates molecular pathways bridging inflammation and cancer, such as ERK1/2. These effects, occurring in the course of the lytic phase of the viral life cycle, led to DDR and autophagy dysregulation. Such cellular responses, playing a key role in the maintenance of proteostasis and genome integrity, are essential to prevent carcinogenesis. Interestingly, we found that the use of the demethylating agent 5-AZA could counteract most of the effects induced by EBV infection in HCoEpC, suggesting that DNA hyper-methylation may strongly contribute to viral-driven inflammation and colon cancer predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Evangelista
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Pompili
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lo Presti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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7
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Romeo MA, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, Benedetti R, Arena A, Cirone M. Acetylation increases expression, interaction with TRAPPC4 and surface localization of PD-L1. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:152. [PMID: 37603071 PMCID: PMC10442048 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint inhibitor, whose surface expression may be exploited by cancer cells to escape T cell-mediated immune recognition. PD-L1 expression and nuclear localization can be affected by epigenetic modifications, such as acetylation. In this study, we showed that VPA, a class I/IIa HDAC inhibitor, upregulated PD-L1 expression on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells. To this effect contributed the increased transcription, in correlation with histone acetylation of the PD-L1 gene and the acetylation of PD-L1 protein, which led to an increased interaction with TRAPPC4, molecule involved in PD-L1 recycling to the cell membrane. Interestingly, the BRD4 inhibitor JQ-1, counteracted PD-L1 transcription and reduced its surface expression, suggesting that such a combination could improve the outcome of VPA treatment, also because it increased the cytotoxic effect of VPA. Also considering that this HDACi did not upregulate PD-L2 and that the supernatant of VPA-treated cancer cells did not increase PD-L1 expression on the surface of macrophages exposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Arena A, Di Crosta M, Gonnella R, Zarrella R, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. NFE2L2 and STAT3 Converge on Common Targets to Promote Survival of Primary Lymphoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11598. [PMID: 37511362 PMCID: PMC10380615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
NFE2L2 and STAT3 are key pro-survival molecules, and thus, their targeting may represent a promising anti-cancer strategy. In this study, we found that a positive feedback loop occurred between them and provided evidence that their concomitant inhibition efficiently impaired the survival of PEL cells, a rare, aggressive B cell lymphoma associated with the gammaherpesvirus KSHV and often also EBV. At the molecular level, we found that NFE2L2 and STAT3 converged in the regulation of several pro-survival molecules and in the activation of processes essential for the adaption of lymphoma cells to stress. Among those, STAT3 and NFE2L2 promoted the activation of pathways such as MAPK3/1 and MTOR that positively regulate protein synthesis, sustained the antioxidant response, expression of molecules such as MYC, BIRC5, CCND1, and HSP, and allowed DDR execution. The findings of this study suggest that the concomitant inhibition of NFE2L2 and STAT3 may be considered a therapeutic option for the treatment of this lymphoma that poorly responds to chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Di Crosta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Zarrella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Di Menna L, Orlando R, D'Errico G, Ginerete RP, Machaczka A, Bonaccorso CM, Arena A, Spatuzza M, Celli R, Alborghetti M, Ciocca E, Zuena AR, Scioli MR, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F, Catania MV. Blunted type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in two mouse models of monogenic autism. Neuropharmacology 2023:109642. [PMID: 37392820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of the mGlu5 receptors in the pathophysiology of several forms of monogenic autism has been supported by numerous studies following the seminal observation that mGlu5 receptor-dependent long-term depression was enhanced in the hippocampus of mice modeling the fragile-X syndrome (FXS). Surprisingly, there are no studies examining the canonical signal transduction pathway activated by mGlu5 receptors (i.e. polyphosphoinositide - PI - hydrolysis) in mouse models of autism. We have developed a method for in vivo assessment of PI hydrolysis based on systemic injection of lithium chloride followed by treatment with the selective mGlu5 receptor PAM, VU0360172, and measurement of endogenous inositolmonophosphate (InsP) in brain tissue. Here, we report that mGlu5 receptor-mediated PI hydrolysis was blunted in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum of Ube3am-/p+ mice modeling Angelman syndrome (AS), and in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of fmr1 knockout mice modeling FXS. In vivo mGlu5 receptor-mediated stimulation of Akt on threonine 308 was also blunted in the hippocampus of FXS mice. These changes were associated with a significant increase in cortical and striatal Homer1 levels and striatal mGlu5 receptor and Gαq levels in AS mice, and with a reduction in cortical mGlu5 receptor and hippocampal Gαq levels, and an increase in cortical phospholipase-Cβ and hippocampal Homer1 levels in FXS mice. This is the first evidence that the canonical transduction pathway activated by mGlu5 receptors is down-regulated in brain regions of mice modeling monogenic autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosamaria Orlando
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Agata Machaczka
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Science, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Marika Alborghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ciocca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Zuena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Catania
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, The National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Catania, Italy.
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10
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Arena A, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. NRF2 and STAT3: friends or foes in carcinogenesis? Discov Oncol 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 37000324 PMCID: PMC10064365 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NRF2 is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, also through the interaction with several pro-survival pathways. NRF2 controls the transcription of detoxification enzymes and a variety of other molecules impinging in several key biological processes. This perspective will focus on the complex interplay of NRF2 with STAT3, another transcription factor often aberrantly activated in cancer and driving tumorigenesis as well as immune suppression. Both NRF2 and STAT3 can be regulated by ER stress/UPR activation and their cross-talk influences and is influenced by autophagy and cytokines, contributing to shape the microenvironment, and both control the execution of DDR, also by regulating the expression of HSPs. Given the importance of these transcription factors, more investigations aimed at better elucidating the outcome of their networking could help to discover new and more efficacious strategies to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio", 66013, Chieti, Italy
- School of Medicine, UniCamillus International University, 00131, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Arena A, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Cirone M. JQ-1/bortezomib combination strongly impairs MM and PEL survival by inhibiting c-Myc and mTOR despite the activation of prosurvival mechanisms. Exp Hematol 2023; 119-120:28-41. [PMID: 36623719 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are two aggressive hematologic cancers against which bortezomib and JQ-1, proteasome and bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) inhibitors, respectively, have been shown to have a certain success. However, the combination of both seems to be more promising than the single treatments against several cancers, including MM. Indeed, in the latter, proteasome inhibition upregulated nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and such a prosurvival effect was counteracted by BET inhibitors. In the present study, we found that JQ-1/bortezomib induced a strong cytotoxic effect against PEL and discovered new insights into the cytotoxic mechanisms induced by such a drug combination in PEL and MM cells. In particular, a stronger c-Myc downregulation, leading to increased DNA damage, was observed in these cells after treatment with JQ-1/bortezomib than after treatment with the single drugs. Such an effect contributed to mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) axis inhibition, also occurring through c-Myc downregulation. However, besides the prodeath effects, JQ-1/bortezomib activated unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy as prosurvival mechanisms. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that JQ-1/bortezomib combination could be a promising treatment for MM and PEL, unveiling new molecular mechanisms underlying its cytotoxic effect, and suggested that UPR and autophagy inhibition could be exploited to further potentiate the cytotoxicity of JQ-1/bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Gonnella R, Arena A, Zarrella R, Gilardini Montani MS, Santarelli R, Cirone M. HSPs/STAT3 Interplay Sustains DDR and Promotes Cytokine Release by Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043933. [PMID: 36835344 PMCID: PMC9959463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare and aggressive B-cell lymphoma, against which current therapies usually fail. In the present study, we show that targeting HSPs, such as HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90, could be an efficient strategy to reduce PEL cell survival, as it induces strong DNA damage, which correlated with an impairment of DDR. Moreover, as HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 cross talk with STAT3, their inhibition results in STAT3 de-phosphorylation and. On the other hand, the inhibition of STAT3 may downregulate these HSPs. These findings suggest that targeting HSPs has important implications in cancer therapy, as it can reduce the release of cytokines by PEL cells, which, besides affecting their own survival, could negatively influence anti-cancer immune response.
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13
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Arena A, Romeo MA, Focaccetti C, Anastasiadou E, Trivedi P, Cifaldi L, Gilardini Montani MS, Benedetti R, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, Benvenuto M, Marchese C, Masuelli L, Bei R, Cirone M. Different outcome of targeting ERN1/IRE1 alpha and EIF2AK3/PERK in NSG mice engrafted with primary effusion lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:e12-e15. [PMID: 36775956 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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14
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Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Biggs MA, Arena A, Bachrach L, Beaman J, Collins A, Gold M, Hannum C, Ho S, Middleton T, Schwarz EB, Tocce K, Seibold-Simpson S, Sobota M, Wohler D. P025Mail-order pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone for medication abortion after in-person clinical assessment. Contraception 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Romeo MA, Gilardini Montani MS, Arena A, Benedetti R, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. c-Myc Sustains Pancreatic Cancer Cell Survival and mutp53 Stability through the Mevalonate Pathway. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102489. [PMID: 36289751 PMCID: PMC9599358 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that wild-type (wt)p53 inhibits oncogene c-Myc while mutant (mut)p53 may transactivate it, with an opposite behavior that frequently occurs in the crosstalk of wt or mutp53 with molecules/pathways promoting carcinogenesis. Even if it has been reported that mutp53 sustains c-Myc, whether c-Myc could in turn influence mutp53 expression remains to be investigated. In this study, we found that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of c-Myc downregulated mutp53, impaired cell survival and increased DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cells. At the molecular level, we observed that c-Myc inhibition reduced the expression of mevalonate kinase (MVK), a molecule belonging to the mevalonate pathway that—according to previous findings—can control mutp53 stability, and thus contributes to cancer cell survival. In conclusion, this study unveils another criminal alliance between oncogenes, such as c-Myc and mutp53, that plays a key role in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Benedetti R, Romeo MA, Arena A, Gilardini Montani MS, Di Renzo L, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. ATF6 prevents DNA damage and cell death in colon cancer cells undergoing ER stress. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:295. [PMID: 35752616 PMCID: PMC9233702 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer represents one of the most common and aggressive cancers in its advanced state. Among the most innovative anti-cancer approaches, the manipulation of UPR is a promising one, effective also against cancers carrying dysfunctional p53. Interestingly, it is emerging that UPR cross-talks with DDR and that targeting the interplay between these two adaptive responses may be exploited to overcome the resistance to the single DDR- and UPR-targeting treatments. Previous studies have highlighted the role of IRE1 alpha and PERK UPR sensors on DDR, while the impact of ATF6 on this process remains under-investigated. This study shows for the first time that ATF6 sustains the expression level of BRCA-1 and protects colon cancer cells from the cytotoxic effect of ER stressors DPE and Thapsigargin. At molecular level, ATF6 activates mTOR to sustain the expression of HSP90, of which BRCA-1 is a client protein. Therefore, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ATF6 promoted BRCA-1 degradation and increased DNA damage and cell death, particularly in combination with Adriamycin. All together this study suggests that targeting ATF6 may not only potentiate the cytotoxic effect of drugs triggering ER stress but may render colon cancer cells more sensitive to Adriamycin and possibly to other DNA damaging agents used to treat colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Di Renzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy. .,Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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17
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Zanoli L, Gaudio A, Mikhailidis DP, Katsiki N, Castellino N, Lo Cicero L, Geraci G, Sessa C, Fiorito L, Marino F, Antonietta Di Rosolini M, Colaci M, Longo A, Montineri A, Malatino L, Castellino P, Aparo P, Arena A, Barchitta M, Castelletti F, Noto MD, Pino AD, Giarrusso O, Isaia I, Lentini P, Magnano San Lio P, Manuele R, Marino E, Morale W, Sciuto A, Scuto SS, Xourafa A, Zocco S. Vascular Dysfunction of COVID-19 Is Partially Reverted in the Long-Term. Circ Res 2022; 130:1276-1285. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
COVID-19 is characterized by severe inflammation during the acute phase and increased aortic stiffness in the early postacute phase. In other models, aortic stiffness is improved after the reduction of inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the mid- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on vascular and cardiac autonomic function. The primary outcome was aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV).
Methods:
The cross-sectional Study-1 included 90 individuals with a history of COVID-19 and 180 matched controls. The longitudinal Study-2 included 41 patients with COVID-19 randomly selected from Study-1 who were followed-up for 27 weeks.
Results:
Study-1: Compared with controls, patients with COVID-19 had higher aPWV and brachial PWV 12 to 24 (but not 25–48) weeks after COVID-19 onset, and they had higher carotid Young’s elastic modulus and lower distensibility 12 to 48 weeks after COVID-19 onset. In partial least squares structural equation modeling, the higher the hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) at hospitalization was, the higher the aPWV 12 to 48 weeks from COVID-19 onset (path coefficient: 0.184;
P
=0.04). Moreover, aPWV (path coefficient: −0.186;
P
=0.003) decreased with time. Study-2: mean blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness were comparable at the end of follow-up, whereas aPWV (−9%;
P
=0.01), incremental Young’s elastic modulus (−17%;
P
=0.03), baroreflex sensitivity (+28%;
P
=0.049), heart rate variability triangular index (+15%;
P
=0.01), and subendocardial viability ratio (+12%;
P
=0.01×10
−4
) were significantly improved. There was a trend toward improvement in brachial PWV (−6%;
P
=0.14) and carotid distensibility (+18%;
P
=0.05). Finally, at the end of follow-up (48 weeks after the onset of COVID-19) aPWV (+6%;
P
=0.04) remained significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in control subjects.
Conclusions:
COVID-19-related arterial stiffening involves several arterial tree portions and is partially resolved in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Zanoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy. (L.Z., A.G., L.LC., L.F., M.C., L.M., P.C.)
| | - Agostino Gaudio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy. (L.Z., A.G., L.LC., L.F., M.C., L.M., P.C.)
| | - Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital campus, University College London, United Kingdom (D.P.M.)
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Diabetes Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece (N.K.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Lo Cicero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy. (L.Z., A.G., L.LC., L.F., M.C., L.M., P.C.)
| | - Giulio Geraci
- Internal Medicine, St Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta, Italy (G.G.)
| | - Concetto Sessa
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, Ragusa, Italy (C.S.)
| | - Letizia Fiorito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy. (L.Z., A.G., L.LC., L.F., M.C., L.M., P.C.)
| | - Francesca Marino
- Infectious Diseases, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, Ragusa, Italy (F.M., M.A.D.R.)
| | | | - Michele Colaci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy. (L.Z., A.G., L.LC., L.F., M.C., L.M., P.C.)
| | - Antonio Longo
- Eye Clinic, University of Catania, Italy. (N.C., A.L.)
| | | | - Lorenzo Malatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy. (L.Z., A.G., L.LC., L.F., M.C., L.M., P.C.)
| | - Pietro Castellino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy. (L.Z., A.G., L.LC., L.F., M.C., L.M., P.C.)
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18
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Arena A, Belcastro E, Ceccacci F, Petrini S, Conti LA, Pagliarosi O, Giorda E, Sennato S, Schiaffini R, Wang P, Paulson JC, Mancini G, Fierabracci A. Improvement of Lipoplexes With a Sialic Acid Mimetic to Target the C1858T PTPN22 Variant for Immunotherapy in Endocrine Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838331. [PMID: 35355982 PMCID: PMC8959661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The C1858T variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) gene is associated with pathophysiological phenotypes in several autoimmune conditions, namely, Type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroiditis. The R620W variant protein, encoded by C1858T, leads to a gain of function mutation with paradoxical reduced T cell activation. We previously exploited a novel personalized immunotherapeutic approach based on siRNA delivered by liposomes (lipoplexes, LiposiRNA) that selectively inhibit variant allele expression. In this manuscript, we functionalize lipoplexes carrying siRNA for variant C1858T with a high affinity ligand of Siglec-10 (Sig10L) coupled to lipids resulting in lipoplexes (LiposiRNA-Sig10L) that enhance delivery to Siglec-10 expressing immunocytes. LiposiRNA-Sig10L lipoplexes more efficiently downregulated variant C1858T PTPN22 mRNA in PBMC of heterozygous patients than LiposiRNA without Sig10L. Following TCR engagement, LiposiRNA-Sig10L more significantly restored IL-2 secretion, known to be paradoxically reduced than in wild type patients, than unfunctionalized LiposiRNA in PBMC of heterozygous T1D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Belcastro
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- Centro Nazionale Ricerche Institute for Biological Systems (CNR -ISB), Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Pagliarosi
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Sennato
- CNR Institute for Complex Systems, Secondary Office of Rome c/o Department of Physics, Sapienza University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetes and Growth Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Giovanna Mancini
- Centro Nazionale Ricerche Institute for Biological Systems (CNR-ISB), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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19
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Arena A, Juel BE, Comolatti R, Thon S, Storm JF. Capacity for consciousness under ketamine anaesthesia is selectively associated with activity in posteromedial cortex in rats. Neurosci Conscious 2022; 2022:niac004. [PMID: 35261778 PMCID: PMC8896332 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear how specific cortical regions contribute to the brain’s overall capacity for consciousness. Clarifying this could help distinguish between theories of consciousness. Here, we investigate the association between markers of regionally specific (de)activation and the brain’s overall capacity for consciousness. We recorded electroencephalographic responses to cortical electrical stimulation in six rats and computed Perturbational Complexity Index state-transition (PCIST), which has been extensively validated as an index of the capacity for consciousness in humans. We also estimated the balance between activation and inhibition of specific cortical areas with the ratio between high and low frequency power from spontaneous electroencephalographic activity at each electrode. We repeated these measurements during wakefulness, and during two levels of ketamine anaesthesia: with the minimal dose needed to induce behavioural unresponsiveness and twice this dose. We found that PCIST was only slightly reduced from wakefulness to light ketamine anaesthesia, but dropped significantly with deeper anaesthesia. The high-dose effect was selectively associated with reduced high frequency/low frequency ratio in the posteromedial cortex, which strongly correlated with PCIST. Conversely, behavioural unresponsiveness induced by light ketamine anaesthesia was associated with similar spectral changes in frontal, but not posterior cortical regions. Thus, activity in the posteromedial cortex correlates with the capacity for consciousness, as assessed by PCIST, during different depths of ketamine anaesthesia, in rats, independently of behaviour. These results are discussed in relation to different theories of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arena
- Brain Signalling Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - B E Juel
- Brain Signalling Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Oslo 0372, Norway
- Center for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - R Comolatti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, Milano 20157, Italy
| | - S Thon
- Brain Signalling Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - J F Storm
- Brain Signalling Group, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Oslo 0372, Norway
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20
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Blossom-Hartley J, Reddy N, Arena A, Buckley J. What America's Struggle with Abortion Access Means for Reproductive Healthcare in Rhode Island. R I Med J (2013) 2022; 105:58-59. [PMID: 35211714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Blossom-Hartley
- primary care physician in Pawtucket, Rhode Island and a Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine within the Department of Family Medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
| | - Neha Reddy
- medical student in her third year of training at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Andrea Arena
- primary care physician and Associate Director of Medical Student Education within the Department of Family Medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer Buckley
- primary care physician in Warwick, Rhode Island and the Family Medicine Obstetrics Director with the Brown Family Medicine Residency at Thundermist Health Center and Kent Hospital
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21
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Romeo MA, Montani MSG, Benedetti R, Arena A, Gaeta A, Cirone M. The dysregulation of autophagy and ER stress induced by HHV-6A infection activates pro-inflammatory pathways and promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines and cathepsin S by CNS cells. Virus Res 2022; 313:198726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Romeo MA, Gilardini Montani MS, Benedetti R, Arena A, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. VPA and TSA Interrupt the Interplay between mutp53 and HSP70, Leading to CHK1 and RAD51 Down-Regulation and Sensitizing Pancreatic Cancer Cells to AZD2461 PARP Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2268. [PMID: 35216385 PMCID: PMC8878079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) represent promising anti-cancer treatments, as the acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins is often dysregulated in cancer and contributes to cancer onset and progression. HDACi have been also reported to increase the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents, such as radiation or cisplatin. In this study, we found that TSA and, even more effectively, VPA synergized with AZD2461, PARP1, 2 and 3 inhibitor (PARPi) to induce DNA damage and reduce pancreatic cancer cell survival. At a molecular level, VPA and TSA down-regulated CHK1 and RAD51, which is correlated with the interruption of the cross-talk between mutp53 and HSP70. Moreover, VPA and to a lesser extent TSA reactivated wtp53 in these cells, which contributed to CHK1 and RAD51 reduction. These findings suggest that the combination of HDACi and PARPi might improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer, which remains one of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 33, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Arena A, Belcastro E, Accardo A, Sandomenico A, Pagliarosi O, Rosa E, Petrini S, Conti LA, Giorda E, Corsetti T, Schiaffini R, Morelli G, Fierabracci A. Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of RITUXfab-Decorated Lipoplexes to Improve Delivery of siRNA Targeting C1858T PTPN22 Variant in B Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010408. [PMID: 35008834 PMCID: PMC8745767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune endocrine disorders, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) and thyroiditis, at present are treated with only hormone replacement therapy. This emphasizes the need to identify personalized effective immunotherapeutic strategies targeting T and B lymphocytes. Among the genetic variants associated with several autoimmune disorders, the C1858T polymorphism of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene, encoding for Lyp variant R620W, affects the innate and adaptive immunity. We previously exploited a novel personalized immunotherapeutic approach based on siRNA delivered by liposomes (lipoplexes) that selectively inhibit variant allele expression. In this manuscript, we improved lipoplexes carrying siRNA for variant C1858T by functionalizing them with Fab of Rituximab antibody (RituxFab-Lipoplex) to specifically target B lymphocytes in autoimmune conditions, such as T1D. RituxFab-Lipoplexes specifically bind to B lymphocytes of the human Raji cell line and of human PBMC of healthy donors. RituxFab-Lipoplexes have impact on the function of B lymphocytes of T1D patients upon CpG stimulation showing a higher inhibitory effect on total cell proliferation and IgM+ plasma cell differentiation than the not functionalized ones. These results might open new pathways of applicability of RituxFab-Lipoplexes, such as personalized immunotherapy, to other autoimmune disorders, where B lymphocytes are the prevalent pathogenic immunocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (E.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Eugenia Belcastro
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (E.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Olivia Pagliarosi
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (E.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Rosa
- Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Libenzio Adrian Conti
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (L.A.C.)
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Corsetti
- Unit of Hospital Pharmacy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Schiaffini
- Diabetes and Growth Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (E.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (E.B.); (O.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-2656
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Gilardini Montani MS, Tarquini G, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Arena A, Faggioni A, Cirone M. p62/SQSTM1 promotes mitophagy and activates the NRF2-mediated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory response restraining EBV-driven B lymphocyte proliferation. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:277-287. [PMID: 34958370 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA repair respectively promote and limit oncogenic transformation of B cells driven by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). We have previously shown that EBV infection reduced autophagy in primary B lymphocytes and enhanced ROS and interleukin 6 (IL-6) release, promoting B cell proliferation and immortalization. In this study, we explored the role of p62/SQSTM1, accumulated as a consequence of autophagy reduction in EBV-infected B lymphocytes, and found that it exerted a growth suppressive effect in these cells. At molecular level, we found that p62 counteracted IL-6 production and ROS increase by interacting with NRF2 and promoting mitophagy. Moreover, p62/NRF2 axis sustained the expression level of H2AX and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), whose activation has been shown to have growth-suppressive effects during the first steps of EBV-infection, before latency is established. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the accumulation of p62 and the activation of p62/axis counteracted EBV-driven proliferation of primary B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Greta Tarquini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
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Romeo MA, Gilardini Montani MS, Benedetti R, Arena A, Maretto M, Bassetti E, Caiazzo R, D'Orazi G, Cirone M. Anticancer effect of AZD2461 PARP inhibitor against colon cancer cells carrying wt or dysfunctional p53. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112879. [PMID: 34653407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers, currently treated with traditional chemotherapies or alternative therapies. However, these treatments are still not enough effective and induce several side effects, so that the search of new therapeutic strategies is needed. The use of Poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, although originally approved against BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutated cancers, has been extended, particularly in combination with other treatments, to cure cancers that do not display defects in DNA repair signaling pathways. The role of p53 oncosuppressor in the regulating the outcome of PARP inhibitor treatment remains an open issue. In this study, we addressed this topic by using a well-tolerated PARP 1/2/3 inhibitor, namely AZD2461, against colon cancer cell lines with different p53 status. We found that AZD2461 reduced cell proliferation in wtp53 and p53-/- cancer cells by increasing ROS and DNA damage, while R273H mutant (mut) p53 counteracted these effects. Moreover, AZD2461 improved the reduction of cell proliferation by low dose radiation (IR) in wtp53 cancer cells, in which a down-regulation of BRCA-1 occurred. AZD2461 did not affect cell proliferation of mutp53 colon cancer cells also in combination with low dose radiation, suggesting that only wt p53 or p53 null colon cancer cells could benefit AZD2461 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy. Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy. Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy. Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy. Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Mara Maretto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy. Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy
| | - Erica Bassetti
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Caiazzo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti, Italy; Department of Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy. Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Italy.
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Arena A, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Gaeta A, Cirone M. DNA damage triggers an interplay between wtp53 and c-Myc affecting lymphoma cell proliferation and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus replication. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1869:119168. [PMID: 34728235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The induction of DNA damage together with the interference with DNA repair represents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Here we show that the PARP-1/2/3 inhibitor AZD2461 in combination with the CHK1 inhibitor UCN-01 altered the DNA damage response and reduced cell proliferation in PEL cells, an aggressive B cell lymphoma highly resistant to chemotherapies. AZD2461/UCN-01 combination activated p53/p21 and downregulated c-Myc in these cells, leading to a reduced expression level of RAD51, molecule involved in DNA repair. The effect of AZD2461/UCN-01 on c-Myc and p53/p21 was inter-dependent and, besides impairing cell proliferation, contributed to the activation of the replicative cycle of KSHV, carried in a latent state in PEL cells. Finally, we found that the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of p21 counteracted the viral lytic cycle activation and further reduced PEL cell proliferation, suggesting that it could induce a double beneficial effect in this setting. This study unveils that, therapeutic approaches, based on the induction of DNA damage and the reduction of DNA repair, could be used to successfully treat this malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy..
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Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Arena A, Bachrach LR, Beaman J, Biggs MA, Hannum C, Ho S, Schwarz EB, Gold M. POSTER ABSTRACTS. Contraception 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arena A, Stigliano A, Belcastro E, Giorda E, Rosado MM, Grossi A, Assenza MR, Moretti F, Fierabracci A. p53 Activation Effect in the Balance of T Regulatory and Effector Cell Subsets in Patients With Thyroid Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728381. [PMID: 34539667 PMCID: PMC8442659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinomas evade the host immune system by negatively modulating CD4+ and CD8+ T effector lymphocytes through forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) positive T regulatory cells’ increased activity. Furthermore, interaction of the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) molecule and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) inhibits the antitumor activity of PD1+ T lymphocytes. Immunotherapy has become a powerful strategy for tailored cancer patients’ treatment both in adult and pediatric patients aiming to generate potent antitumor responses. Nevertheless, immunotherapies can generate autoimmune responses. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of the transformation-related protein 53 (p53) reactivation by a peptide-based inhibitor of the MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer (Pep3) on the immune response in a solid cancer, i.e., thyroid carcinoma frequently presenting with thyroid autoimmunity. In peripheral blood mononuclear cell of thyroid cancer patients, Pep3 treatment alters percentages of CD8+ and CD4+ T regulatory and CD8+ and CD4+ T effector cells and favors an anticancer immune response. Of note that reduced frequencies of activated CD8+ and CD4+ T effector cells do not support autoimmunity progression. In evaluating PD1 expression under p53 activation, a significant decrease of activated CD4+PD1+ cells was detected in thyroid cancer patients, suggesting a defective regulation in the initial activation stage, therefore generating a protective condition toward autoimmune progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Stigliano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria S. Andrea, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Belcastro
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Research Laboratories, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Manuela Rosado
- Research Laboratories, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Internal Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Grossi
- Unit of Endocrine Pathology of Post-Tumoral and Chronic Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Assenza
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
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Grossman D, Raifman S, Morris N, Arena A, Bachrach L, Beaman J, Biggs MA, Hannum C, Ho S, Schwarz EB, Gold M. Mail-order pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone for medication abortion after in-person clinical assessment. Contraception 2021; 107:36-41. [PMID: 34555420 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To estimate the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of medication abortion with mifepristone dispensed by a mail-order pharmacy after in-person clinical assessment. STUDY DESIGN This is an interim analysis of an ongoing prospective cohort study conducted at five sites. Clinicians assessed patients in clinic and, if they were eligible for medication abortion and ≤ 63 days' gestation, electronically sent prescriptions for mifepristone 200 mg orally and misoprostol 800 mcg buccally to a mail-order pharmacy, which shipped medications for next-day delivery. Participants completed surveys three and 14 days after enrollment, and we abstracted medical chart data. RESULTS Between January 2020 and April 2021 we enrolled 240 participants and obtained clinical outcome information for 227 (94.6%); 3 reported not taking either medication. Of those with abortion outcome information (N = 224), 216 (96.4%) completed day-3 and 212 (94.6%) day-14 surveys. Of the 224 that took medications, none reported taking past 70 days' gestation, and complete medication abortion occurred for 217 participants (96.9%, 95% CI 93.7%-98.7%). Most received medications within three days (82.1%, 95% CI 76.5%-86.9%). In the day-3 survey, 95.4% (95% CI 91.7%-97.8%) reported being very (88.4%) or somewhat (6.9%) satisfied with receiving medications by mail. In the day-14 survey, 89.6% (95% CI 84.7%-93.4%) said they would use the mail-order service again if needed. Eleven (4.9%, 95% CI 2.5%-8.6%) experienced adverse events; two were serious (one blood transfusion, one hospitalization), and none were related to mail-order pharmacy dispensing. CONCLUSIONS Medication abortion with mail-order pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone appears effective, feasible, and acceptable to patients. IMPLICATIONS The in-person dispensing requirement for mifepristone, codified in the drug's Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, should be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grossman
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, United States.
| | - Sarah Raifman
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Natalie Morris
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Family Medicine, Brown University, Pawtucket, RI, United States
| | - Lela Bachrach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Beaman
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, Richard Fine People's Clinic, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - M Antonia Biggs
- Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Curtiss Hannum
- Delaware County Women's Center, Chester, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie Ho
- Highland Hospital, Alameda Health System, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Eleanor B Schwarz
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Marji Gold
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
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Benedetti R, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Arena A, Santarelli R, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. Role of UPR Sensor Activation in Cell Death-Survival Decision of Colon Cancer Cells Stressed by DPE Treatment. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1262. [PMID: 34572447 PMCID: PMC8466673 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have been shown to possess several beneficial properties, including properties involved in the prevention or treatment of cancer. Among these polyphenols, a leading role is played by dihydroxyphenylethanol (DPE), the most powerful antioxidant compound contained in the olive oil. DPE has been previously reported to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and to reduce cell survival in colon cancer, one of the most common and aggressive cancers in developed countries. In this study, we further investigated the activation of UPR by DPE and explored the roles of the three UPR sensors, inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE) 1 alpha, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor (ATF6), in the cell death-survival decision of wt and mutp53 colon cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms involved. We also unveiled a new interplay between ATF6 and wt, as well as mutp53, which may have important implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.S.G.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.A.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.S.G.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.A.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.S.G.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.A.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.S.G.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.A.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.S.G.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.A.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
- Unit of Cellular Networks, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (M.S.G.M.); (M.A.R.); (A.A.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Freeburg T, Nandi M, Arena A. Emerging Advances and Existing Barriers for Medication Abortion. R I Med J (2013) 2021; 104:71-72. [PMID: 34437670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Freeburg
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Meghna Nandi
- Primary Care-Population Medicine Program, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Andrea Arena
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Del Forno S, Arena A, Pellizzone V, Lenzi J, Raimondo D, Cocchi L, Paradisi R, Youssef A, Casadio P, Seracchioli R. Assessment of levator hiatal area using 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis and superficial dyspareunia treated with pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy: randomized controlled trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:726-732. [PMID: 33428320 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia and pelvic floor muscle hypertonia. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pelvic floor physiotherapy (PFP) on the area of levator ani hiatus during Valsalva maneuver, assessed using transperineal ultrasound, in women with DIE suffering from superficial dyspareunia. METHODS This was a randomized controlled trial of 34 nulliparous women diagnosed with DIE and associated superficial dyspareunia. After an initial clinical examination, all patients underwent three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) transperineal ultrasound to measure the levator hiatal area (LHA) at rest, on maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction and on maximum Valsalva maneuver, and were asked to rate their pain symptoms using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Eligible women were assigned randomly (1:1 ratio) to no intervention (control group, 17 women) or treatment with five individual sessions of PFP (study group, 17 women). Four months after the first examination, all women underwent a second evaluation of pain symptoms and LHA on transperineal ultrasound. The primary outcome measure was the percentage change in LHA on maximum Valsalva maneuver between the baseline and follow-up examinations. The percentage changes in pain symptoms between the two examinations, including superficial and deep dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dysuria and dyschezia, were also evaluated. RESULTS Thirty women, comprising 17 in the study group and 13 in the control group, completed the study and were included in the analysis. The percentage change in LHA on maximum Valsalva maneuver between the two examinations was higher in the study group than in the control group (20.0 ± 24.8% vs -0.5 ± 3.3%; P = 0.02), indicating better pelvic floor muscle relaxation. After PFP treatment, the NRS score for superficial dyspareunia remained almost unchanged in the control group (median change in NRS (Δ-NRS), 0 (interquartile range (IQR), 0-0)) while a marked reduction was observed in the study group (median Δ-NRS, -3 (IQR, -4 to -2); P < 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the PFP and control groups with regards to the change in chronic pelvic pain (median Δ-NRS, 0 (IQR, -2 to 0) vs 0 (IQR, 0-1); P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In women with DIE, PFP seems to result in increased LHA on Valsalva maneuver, as observed by 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound, leading to improved superficial dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain and pelvic floor muscle relaxation. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Del Forno
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Arena
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Pellizzone
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Raimondo
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Cocchi
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Paradisi
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Youssef
- Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Casadio
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Seracchioli
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Del Forno S, Arena A, Pellizzone V, Lenzi J, Raimondo D, Cocchi L, Paradisi R, Youssef A, Casadio P, Seracchioli R. Reply. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57:850. [PMID: 33939209 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Del Forno
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Arena
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Pellizzone
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Raimondo
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Cocchi
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Paradisi
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Youssef
- Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Casadio
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Seracchioli
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Fierabracci A, Arena A, Toto F, Gallo N, Puel A, Migaud M, Kumar M, Chengappa KG, Gulati R, Negi VS, Betterle C. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APECED) in the Indian population: case report and review of a series of 45 patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:661-677. [PMID: 32767280 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal-dystrophy (APECED) or autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease due to mutations in the AIRE (AutoImmune REgulator) gene. The clinical diagnosis is classically based on the presence of at least two of the three main components: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and primary adrenal insufficiency. Patients often suffer from other endocrine or non-endocrine autoimmune conditions throughout life. APECED etiopathogenesis is mediated by T lymphocytes. Autoantibodies against proteins of the affected organs are found in the serum of APECED patients as well as neutralizing antibodies against cytokines. We report here the clinical and genetic characteristics of 45 Indian APECED patients in comparison to Finnish, Sardinian, Turkish and North/South American cohorts from their published results. We also report a new case of APECED of Indian origin, a 2-year old child suffering from chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis since the age of 8 months, with confirmatory AIRE homozygous mutation c.274C > T (p.R92W). CONCLUSION With the inherent limitations of a retrospective study, analysis of Indian APECED patients suggested that compared to classic criteria, application of Ferre/Lionakis criteria validated in North/South American patients could help in earlier diagnosis in 3 of 8 (37.5%) patients for whom adequate information for evaluation was available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Toto
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - N Gallo
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India
| | - K G Chengappa
- Department of Clinical Immunology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India
| | - R Gulati
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - V S Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India
| | - C Betterle
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Casadio P, Arena A, Verrelli L, Ambrosio M, Fabbri M, Giovannico K, Magnarelli G, Seracchioli R. Methotrexate injection for interstitial pregnancy: Hysteroscopic conservative mini-invasive approach. Facts Views Vis Obgyn 2021; 13:73-76. [PMID: 33889863 PMCID: PMC8051194 DOI: 10.52054/fvvo.13.1.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial localisation of ectopic pregnancy is associated with high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. Considering the rarity of interstitial pregnancy, the optimal treatment regimen remains unclear. We propose the management of interstitial pregnancy with local methotrexate injection using a combined hysteroscopic and ultrasonographic approach. Technique Hysteroscopy was performed under local anaesthesia in the operating room, using a 2.9-mm Hopkins II Forward-Oblique Telescope 30° endoscope with a 4.3-mm inner sheath and 5 FR instruments. A needle was pushed into the cornual region injecting methotrexate solution directly into the gestational sac and into the myometrial tissue tangentially at the four cardinal points. A contemporary transabdominal ultrasound (US) was performed in order to reduce risks of complications. Experience Five patients with an US diagnosis of interstitial ectopic pregnancy admitted to our department between January 2016 and September 2019 were managed with a local hysteroscopic injection of methotrexate. The technique was effective in all patients and no surgical complications occurred during or after the procedure. Three patients were evaluated for tubal patency with contrast ultrasonography confirming bilateral tubal patency 9 months from treatment, while one patient had a spontaneous birth 22 months from their initial surgery. Conclusion The hysteroscopic ultrasound-guided approach combined with the local injection of methotrexate is a minimally invasive conservative approach that seems to be promising in the management of interstitial ectopic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Casadio
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - A Arena
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - L Verrelli
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - M Ambrosio
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - M Fabbri
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - K Giovannico
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - G Magnarelli
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
| | - R Seracchioli
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology Unit, DIMEC, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero- Universitaria di Bologna, Italy
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Romeo MA, Gilardini Montani MS, Benedetti R, Arena A, D’Orazi G, Cirone M. p53-R273H Sustains ROS, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release and mTOR Activation While Reducing Autophagy, Mitophagy and UCP2 Expression, Effects Prevented by wtp53. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030344. [PMID: 33668399 PMCID: PMC7996167 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is the most frequently mutated or inactivated gene in cancer, as its activity is not reconcilable with tumor onset and progression. Moreover, mutations in the p53 gene give rise to mutant proteins such as p53-R273H that, besides losing the wild type p53 (wtp53) capacity to safeguard genome integrity, may promote carcinogenesis, mainly due to its crosstalk with pro-oncogenic pathways. Interestingly, the activation of oncogenic pathways is interconnected with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to create an inflammatory/pro-tumorigenic milieu. In this study, based on experiments involving p53-R273H silencing and transfection, we showed that this mutant p53 (mutp53) promoted cancer cell survival by increasing intracellular ROS level and pro-inflammatory/immune suppressive cytokine release, activating mTOR, reducing autophagy and mitophagy and downregulating uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Interestingly, p53-R273H transfection into cancer cells carrying wtp53 induced none of these effects and resulted in p21 upregulation. This suggests that wtp53 may counteract several pro-tumorigenic activities of p53-R273H and this could explain the lower aggressiveness of cancers carrying heterozygous mutp53 in comparison to those harboring homozygous mutp53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Research, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences, Images and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.R.); (M.S.G.M.); (R.B.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4997-3319; Fax: + 39-064-456-229
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Genovese I, Giamogante F, Barazzuol L, Battista T, Fiorillo A, Vicario M, D'Alessandro G, Cipriani R, Limatola C, Rossi D, Sorrentino V, Poser E, Mosca L, Squitieri F, Perluigi M, Arena A, van Petegem F, Tito C, Fazi F, Giorgi C, Calì T, Ilari A, Colotti G. Sorcin is an early marker of neurodegeneration, Ca 2+ dysregulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress associated to neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:861. [PMID: 33060591 PMCID: PMC7566454 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of calcium signaling is emerging as a key feature in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD), and targeting this process may be therapeutically beneficial. Under this perspective, it is important to study proteins that regulate calcium homeostasis in the cell. Sorcin is one of the most expressed calcium-binding proteins in the human brain; its overexpression increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium concentration and decreases ER stress in the heart and in other cellular types. Sorcin has been hypothesized to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases, since it may counteract the increased cytosolic calcium levels associated with neurodegeneration. In the present work, we show that Sorcin expression levels are strongly increased in cellular, animal, and human models of AD, PD, and HD, vs. normal cells. Sorcin partially colocalizes with RyRs in neurons and microglia cells; functional experiments with microsomes containing high amounts of RyR2 and RyR3, respectively, show that Sorcin is able to regulate these ER calcium channels. The molecular basis of the interaction of Sorcin with RyR2 and RyR3 is demonstrated by SPR. Sorcin also interacts with other ER proteins as SERCA2 and Sigma-1 receptor in a calcium-dependent fashion. We also show that Sorcin regulates ER calcium transients: Sorcin increases the velocity of ER calcium uptake (increasing SERCA activity). The data presented here demonstrate that Sorcin may represent both a novel early marker of neurodegenerative diseases and a response to cellular stress dependent on neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA) University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Theo Battista
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Vicario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Raffaela Cipriani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Poser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington's and Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Filip van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Claudia Tito
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopedic Sciences, Section of Histology & Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA) University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council, IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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Casadio P, Youssef A, Arena A, Gamal N, Pilu G, Seracchioli R. Increased rate of ruptured ectopic pregnancy in COVID-19 pandemic: analysis from the North of Italy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:289. [PMID: 32573042 PMCID: PMC7361714 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Casadio
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DIMECSant'Orsola‐Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | - A. Youssef
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine UnitSant'Orsola‐Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | - A. Arena
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DIMECSant'Orsola‐Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | - N. Gamal
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine ServiceAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria Policlinico di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - G. Pilu
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine UnitSant'Orsola‐Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
| | - R. Seracchioli
- Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DIMECSant'Orsola‐Malpighi University HospitalBolognaItaly
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Fierabracci A, Arena A, Rossi P. COVID-19: A Review on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5145. [PMID: 32708112 PMCID: PMC7404132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 2 (CoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV2) is causing a highly infectious pandemic pneumonia. Coronaviruses are positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses that infect several animal species, causing symptoms that range from those similar to the common cold to severe respiratory syndrome. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the SARS-CoV2 functional receptor. Measures are currently undertaken worldwide to control the infection to avoid disruption of the social and economic equilibrium, especially in countries with poor healthcare resources. In a guarded optimistic view, we hope that the undertaken preventive and treatment measures will at least contribute to contain viral diffusion, attenuate activity, or even eliminate SARS-CoV2. In this review, we discuss emerging perspectives for prevention/treatment of COVID-19 infection. In addition to vaccines under development, passive immunization is an open opportunity since patients develop neutralizing antibodies. A full spectrum of potential drugs for COVID-19 infections could in turn affect virus binding or enzymatic activities involved in viral replication and transcription. Furthermore, clinical trials are currently evaluating the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as tocilizumab. Bioinformatics may allow characterization of specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses; thus, CoV2 T cells' frequency can be correlated with the disease severity and outcome. Combinatorial antibody phage display may be empowered to identify the immune repertoire of CoV2-specific neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, 00146 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (P.R.)
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Pellegrino M, Traversi G, Arena A, Cappa M, Rosado MM, Andreani M, Delfino DV, Moretti F, Fierabracci A. Effect of p53 activation through targeting MDM2/MDM4 heterodimer on T regulatory and effector cells in the peripheral blood of Type 1 diabetes patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228296. [PMID: 31995625 PMCID: PMC6988923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various immunotherapies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes are currently under investigation. Some of these aim to rescue the remaining beta cells from autoimmune attack caused by the disease. Among the strategies employed, p53 has been envisaged as a possible target for immunomodulation. We studied the possible effect of p53 activation on Treg subsets and Treg/Teff balance in type 1 diabetes patients' PBMC. Upon p53 activation, we observed an increase in CD8+ Treg and activated CD8+ Teff whilst CD8+ Teff cells significantly decreased in healthy PBMC when stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28. No effect was detected on percentages of CD4+ Treg, while a reduction was seen in CD4+ Teff cells and an increase in activated CD4+ Teff cells. In patients' PBMC, upon p53 activation followed by 6 days of anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation, CD8+ Treg and activated CD8+ Teff were increased while CD8+ Teff were decreased. No differences were detected in the CD4+ counterparts. CD8+ Teff PD1+, CD8+ Teff PD1low were increased upon p53 activation in type 1 diabetics compared to controls while CD8+ Teff PD1high were increased in both groups. The same increased percentages were detected for CD4+ counterparts. CD4+ Treg PD1high cells were decreased in diabetics upon p53 activation at day 6 of anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. In conclusion, a Teff dysregulation is observed upon p53 activation suggesting that molecules promoting p53 cannot be used for therapy in type 1 diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Pellegrino
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Traversi
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Endocrinology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Manuela Rosado
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Andreani
- Transplantation Immunogenetics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabiola Moretti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Zimmer TS, Ciriminna G, Arena A, Anink JJ, Korotkov A, Jansen FE, van Hecke W, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Baayen JC, Idema S, Rensing NR, Wong M, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Chronic activation of anti-oxidant pathways and iron accumulation in epileptogenic malformations. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:546-563. [PMID: 31869431 PMCID: PMC7308211 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims Oxidative stress is evident in resected epileptogenic brain tissue of patients with developmental brain malformations related to mammalian target of rapamycin activation: tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCD IIb). Whether chronic activation of anti‐oxidant pathways is beneficial or contributes to pathology is not clear. Methods We investigated oxidative stress markers, including haem oxygenase 1, ferritin and the inflammation associated microRNA‐155 in surgically resected epileptogenic brain tissue of TSC (n = 10) and FCD IIb (n = 8) patients and in a TSC model (Tsc1GFAP−/− mice) using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, real‐time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Using human foetal astrocytes we performed an in vitro characterization of the anti‐oxidant response to acute and chronic oxidative stress and evaluated overexpression of the disease‐relevant pro‐inflammatory microRNA‐155. Results Resected TSC or FCD IIb tissue displayed higher expression of oxidative stress markers and microRNA‐155. Tsc1GFAP−/− mice expressed more microRNA‐155 and haem oxygenase 1 in the brain compared to wild‐type, preceding the typical development of spontaneous seizures in these animals. In vitro, chronic microRNA‐155 overexpression induced haem oxygenase 1, iron regulatory elements and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Overexpression of iron regulatory genes was also detected in patients with TSC, FCD IIb and Tsc1GFAP−/− mice. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that early and sustained activation of anti‐oxidant signalling and dysregulation of iron metabolism are a pathological hallmark of FCD IIb and TSC. Our findings suggest novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling the pathological link between both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Ciriminna
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Arena
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - J J Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F E Jansen
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Centre, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N R Rensing
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - J D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
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Barone E, Tramutola A, Arena A, Di Domenico F, Head E, Perluigi M. P4-030: THE EARLY ONSET OF BRAIN INSULIN RESISTANCE IN DOWN SYNDROME: ROLE OF TRIPLICATED MIR802. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility; University of California Irvine; Irvine CA USA
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Monaco C, Arena A, Štelemėkaitė J, Evangelisti E, Baldissara P. In vitro 3D and gravimetric analysis of removed tooth structure for complete and partial preparations. J Prosthodont Res 2019; 63:173-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Di Domenico F, Tramutola A, Barone E, Lanzillotta C, Defever O, Arena A, Zuliani I, Foppoli C, Iavarone F, Vincenzoni F, Castagnola M, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M. Restoration of aberrant mTOR signaling by intranasal rapamycin reduces oxidative damage: Focus on HNE-modified proteins in a mouse model of down syndrome. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101162. [PMID: 30876754 PMCID: PMC6859577 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences support the notion that the impairment of intracellular degradative machinery is responsible for the accumulation of oxidized/misfolded proteins that ultimately results in the deposition of protein aggregates. These events are key pathological aspects of "protein misfolding diseases", including Alzheimer disease (AD). Interestingly, Down syndrome (DS) neuropathology shares many features with AD, such as the deposition of both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Studies from our group and others demonstrated, in DS brain, the dysfunction of both proteasome and autophagy degradative systems, coupled with increased oxidative damage. Further, we observed the aberrant increase of mTOR signaling and of its down-stream pathways in both DS brain and in Ts65Dn mice. Based on these findings, we support the ability of intranasal rapamycin treatment (InRapa) to restore mTOR pathway but also to restrain oxidative stress resulting in the decreased accumulation of lipoxidized proteins. By proteomics approach, we were able to identify specific proteins that showed decreased levels of HNE-modification after InRapa treatment compared with vehicle group. Among MS-identified proteins, we found that reduced oxidation of arginase-1 (ARG-1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) might play a key role in reducing brain damage associated with synaptic transmission failure and tau hyperphosphorylation. InRapa treatment, by reducing ARG-1 protein-bound HNE levels, rescues its enzyme activity and conceivably contribute to the recovery of arginase-regulated functions. Further, it was shown that PP2A inhibition induces tau hyperphosphorylation and spatial memory deficits. Our data suggest that InRapa was able to rescue PP2A activity as suggested by reduced p-tau levels. In summary, considering that mTOR pathway is a central hub of multiple intracellular signaling, we propose that InRapa treatment is able to lower the lipoxidation-mediated damage to proteins, thus representing a valuable therapeutic strategy to reduce the early development of AD pathology in DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Universidad Autònoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivia Defever
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesira Foppoli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica e Metabonomica, IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia - Rome and Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Cimini FA, Arena A, Barchetta I, Tramutola A, Ceccarelli V, Lanzillotta C, Fontana M, Bertoccini L, Leonetti F, Capoccia D, Silecchia G, Di Cristofano C, Chiappetta C, Di Domenico F, Baroni MG, Perluigi M, Cavallo MG, Barone E. Reduced biliverdin reductase-A levels are associated with early alterations of insulin signaling in obesity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1490-1501. [PMID: 30826467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase involved in the regulation of insulin signaling. In vitro studies have demonstrated that BVR-A is a substrate of the insulin receptor and regulates IRS1 by avoiding its aberrant activation, and in animal model of obesity the loss of hepatic BVR-A has been associated with glucose/insulin alterations and fatty liver disease. However, no studies exist in humans. Here, we evaluated BVR-A expression levels and activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from obese subjects and matched lean controls and we investigated the related molecular alterations of the insulin along with clinical correlates. We showed that BVR-A levels are significantly reduced in obese subjects and associated with a hyper-activation of the IR/IRS1/Akt/GSK-3β/AS160/GLUT4 pathway. Low BVR-A levels also associate with the presence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, NASH and visceral adipose tissue inflammation. These data suggest that the reduction of BVR-A may be responsible for early alterations of the insulin signaling pathway in obesity and in this context may represent a novel molecular target to be investigated for the comprehension of the process of insulin resistance development in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Sharma N, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Arena A, Blarzino C, Cassano T, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Barone E. Loss of biliverdin reductase-A favors Tau hyper-phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:176-189. [PMID: 30738142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper-active GSK-3β favors Tau phosphorylation during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Akt is one of the main kinases inhibiting GSK-3β and its activation occurs in response to neurotoxic stimuli including, i.e., oxidative stress. Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is a scaffold protein favoring the Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β. Reduced BVR-A levels along with increased oxidative stress were observed early in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice (at 6 months), thus suggesting that loss of BVR-A could be a limiting factor in the oxidative stress-induced Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β in AD. We evaluated changes of BVR-A, Akt, GSK-3β, oxidative stress and Tau phosphorylation levels: (a) in brain from young (6-months) and old (12-months) 3xTg-AD mice; and (b) in post-mortem inferior parietal lobule (IPL) samples from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), from AD and from age-matched controls. Furthermore, similar analyses were performed in vitro in cells lacking BVR-A and treated with H2O2. Reduced BVR-A levels along with: (a) increased oxidative stress; (b) reduced GSK-3β inhibition; and (c) increased Tau Ser404 phosphorylation (target of GSK-3β activity) without changes of Akt activation in young mice, were observed. Similar findings were obtained in MCI, consistent with the notion that this is a molecular mechanism disrupted in humans. Interestingly, cells lacking BVR-A and treated with H2O2 showed reduced GSK-3β inhibition and increased Tau Ser404 phosphorylation, which resulted from a defect of Akt and GSK-3β physical interaction. Reduced levels of Akt/GSK-3β complex were confirmed in both young 3xTg-AD and MCI brain. We demonstrated that loss of BVR-A impairs the neuroprotective Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK-3β in response to oxidative stress, thus contributing to Tau hyper-phosphorylation in early stage AD. Such changes potential provide promising therapeutic targets for this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via L. Pinto, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, Markey Cancer Center, and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy.
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Arena A, Zimmer TS, van Scheppingen J, Korotkov A, Anink JJ, Mühlebner A, Jansen FE, van Hecke W, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Vezzani A, Baayen JC, Idema S, Iyer AM, Perluigi M, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Oxidative stress and inflammation in a spectrum of epileptogenic cortical malformations: molecular insights into their interdependence. Brain Pathol 2018; 29:351-365. [PMID: 30303592 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) occurs in brains of patients with epilepsy and coincides with brain inflammation, and both phenomena contribute to seizure generation in animal models. We investigated whether expression of OS and brain inflammation markers co-occurred also in resected brain tissue of patients with epileptogenic cortical malformations: hemimegalencephaly (HME), focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Moreover, we studied molecular mechanisms linking OS and inflammation in an in vitro model of neuronal function. Untangling interdependency and underlying molecular mechanisms might pose new therapeutic strategies for treating patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of different etiologies. Immunohistochemistry was performed for specific OS markers xCT and iNOS and brain inflammation markers TLR4, COX-2 and NF-κB in cortical tissue derived from patients with HME, FCD IIa, IIb and TSC. Additionally, we studied gene expression of these markers using the human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y in which OS was induced using H2 O2 . OS markers were higher in dysmorphic neurons and balloon/giant cells in cortex of patients with FCD IIb or TSC. Expression of OS markers was positively correlated to expression of brain inflammation markers. In vitro, 100 µM, but not 50 µM, of H2 O2 increased expression of TLR4, IL-1β and COX-2. We found that NF-κB signaling was activated only upon stimulation with 100 µM H2 O2 leading to upregulation of TLR4 signaling and IL-1β. The NF-κB inhibitor TPCA-1 completely reversed this effect. Our results show that OS positively correlates with neuroinflammation and is particularly evident in brain tissue of patients with FCD IIb and TSC. In vitro, NF-κB is involved in the switch to an inflammatory state after OS. We propose that the extent of OS can predict the neuroinflammatory state of the brain. Additionally, antioxidant treatments may prevent the switch to inflammation in neurons thus targeting multiple epileptogenic processes at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
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Tramutola A, Lanzillotta C, Barone E, Arena A, Zuliani I, Mosca L, Blarzino C, Butterfield DA, Perluigi M, Di Domenico F. Intranasal rapamycin ameliorates Alzheimer-like cognitive decline in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:28. [PMID: 30410750 PMCID: PMC6218962 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome (DS) individuals, by the age of 40s, are at increased risk to develop Alzheimer-like dementia, with deposition in brain of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our laboratory recently demonstrated the disturbance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in DS brain, prior and after the development of Alzheimer Disease (AD). The aberrant modulation of the mTOR signalling in DS and AD age-related cognitive decline affects crucial neuronal pathways, including insulin signaling and autophagy, involved in pathology onset and progression. Within this context, the therapeutic use of mTOR-inhibitors may prevent/attenuate the neurodegenerative phenomena. By our work we aimed to rescue mTOR signalling in DS mice by a novel rapamycin intranasal administration protocol (InRapa) that maximizes brain delivery and reduce systemic side effects. Methods Ts65Dn mice were administered with InRapa for 12 weeks, starting at 6 months of age demonstrating, at the end of the treatment by radial arms maze and novel object recognition testing, rescued cognition. Results The analysis of mTOR signalling, after InRapa, demonstrated in Ts65Dn mice hippocampus the inhibition of mTOR (reduced to physiological levels), which led, through the rescue of autophagy and insulin signalling, to reduced APP levels, APP processing and APP metabolites production, as well as, to reduced tau hyperphosphorylation. In addition, a reduction of oxidative stress markers was also observed. Discussion These findings demonstrate that chronic InRapa administration is able to exert a neuroprotective effect on Ts65Dn hippocampus by reducing AD pathological hallmarks and by restoring protein homeostasis, thus ultimately resulting in improved cognition. Results are discussed in term of a potential novel targeted therapeutic approach to reduce cognitive decline and AD-like neuropathology in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Tramutola
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzillotta
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.,2Universidad Autònoma de Chile, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de alud, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Arena
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zuliani
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Blarzino
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- 3Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055 USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- 1Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Mabrouk M, Raimondo D, Del Forno S, Baruffini F, Arena A, Benfenati A, Youssef A, Martelli V, Seracchioli R. Pelvic floor muscle assessment on three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound in women with ovarian endometriosis with or without retroperitoneal infiltration: a step towards complete functional assessment. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52:265-268. [PMID: 29024196 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies comparing women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and healthy controls have underlined an association between pelvic floor muscle (PFM) hypertonic dysfunction and deep lesions. The aim of this study was to compare the morphometry of PFM in women affected by ovarian endometriosis with DIE vs those without DIE in order to assess the impact of retroperitoneal infiltration by the disease on PFM function. METHODS This was a prospective study conducted between March 2015 and December 2016 on symptomatic women with a clinical and sonographic diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis with or without DIE, scheduled for laparoscopic surgery. We excluded patients with current or previous pregnancy, previous surgery for deep endometriosis, other causes of chronic pelvic pain or congenital or acquired abnormalities of pelvic floor anatomy. Three- and four-dimensional transperineal ultrasound was performed to evaluate PFM morphometry and assess levator hiatal area (LHA) and diameters at rest, during PFM contraction and during Valsalva maneuver. All volumes were analyzed offline by an investigator blinded to the clinical data. RESULTS One hundred and fourteen patients with ovarian endometriosis were enrolled in the study, 75 with DIE and 39 without DIE. The diagnosis of endometriosis was confirmed by histological examination in all patients. Compared with women without DIE, women with DIE showed a smaller LHA at rest, during contraction and during Valsalva maneuver (P = 0.03, P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively) and a smaller reduction in LHA during PFM contraction (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Women with ovarian endometriosis who were affected by DIE showed smaller hiatal dimensions than did women without DIE. Considering that PFM dysfunction in patients with DIE could cause pain symptoms and pelvic organ dysfunction, transperineal ultrasound could allow a more complete functional assessment and tailored therapy. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mabrouk
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - D Raimondo
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Del Forno
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Baruffini
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Arena
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Benfenati
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Youssef
- Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Martelli
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Seracchioli
- Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, DIMEC, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Drion CM, van Scheppingen J, Arena A, Geijtenbeek KW, Kooijman L, van Vliet EA, Aronica E, Gorter JA. Effects of rapamycin and curcumin on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo - in search of potential anti-epileptogenic strategies for temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:212. [PMID: 30037344 PMCID: PMC6056921 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies in various rodent epilepsy models have suggested that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with rapamycin has anti-epileptogenic potential. Since treatment with rapamycin produces unwanted side effects, there is growing interest to study alternatives to rapamycin as anti-epileptogenic drugs. Therefore, we investigated curcumin, the main component of the natural spice turmeric. Curcumin is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and has been reported to inhibit the mTOR pathway. These properties make it a potential anti-epileptogenic compound and an alternative for rapamycin. Methods To study the anti-epileptogenic potential of curcumin compared to rapamycin, we first studied the effects of both compounds on mTOR activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in vitro, using cell cultures of human fetal astrocytes and the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y. Next, we investigated the effects of rapamycin and intracerebrally applied curcumin on status epilepticus (SE)—induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hippocampal tissue, during early stages of epileptogenesis in the post-electrical SE rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Results Rapamycin, but not curcumin, suppressed mTOR activation in cultured astrocytes. Instead, curcumin suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that curcumin, but not rapamycin, reduced the levels of inflammatory markers IL-6 and COX-2 in cultured astrocytes that were challenged with IL-1β. In SH-SY5Y cells, curcumin reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suggesting anti-oxidant effects. In the post-SE rat model, however, treatment with rapamycin or curcumin did not suppress the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers 1 week after SE. Conclusions These results indicate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of curcumin, but not rapamycin, in vitro. Intracerebrally applied curcumin modified the MAPK pathway in vivo at 1 week after SE but failed to produce anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant effects. Future studies should be directed to increasing the bioavailability of curcumin (or related compounds) in the brain to assess its anti-epileptogenic potential in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1247-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Drion
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - K W Geijtenbeek
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Kooijman
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A van Vliet
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - J A Gorter
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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