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Hilton LK, Collinge BJ, Ben-Neriah S, Alduaij W, Shaalan H, Weng A, Cruz M, Slack GW, Farinha P, Miyata-Takata T, Boyle M, Meissner B, Cook JR, Ondrejka SL, Ott G, Rosenwald A, Campo E, Amador C, Greiner TC, Raess PW, Song JY, Inghirami GG, Jaffe ES, Weisenburger DD, Chan WC, Beiske K, Fu K, Delabie J, Pittaluga S, Iqbal J, Wright G, Sehn LH, Savage KJ, Mungall AJ, Feldman AL, Staudt LM, Steidl C, Rimsza LM, Morin RD, Scott DW. Motive and Opportunity: MYC rearrangements in high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements-an LLMPP study. Blood 2024:blood.2024024251. [PMID: 38701426 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2024024251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements that place the oncogenes MYC, BCL2, or BCL6 adjacent to superenhancers are common in mature B-cell lymphomas. Lymphomas with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or high-grade morphology with both MYC and BCL2 rearrangements are classified as high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements ("double hit": HGBCL-DH-BCL2) and are associated with aggressive disease and poor outcomes. Although it is established that MYC rearrangements involving immunoglobulin (IG) loci are associated with inferior outcomes relative to those involving other non-IG superenhancers, the frequency of, and mechanisms driving, IG vs non-IG MYC rearrangements have not been elucidated. Here we used custom targeted capture and/or whole genome sequencing to characterize oncogene rearrangements across 883 mature B-cell lymphomas including Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, DLBCL, and HGBCL-DH-BCL2 tumors. We demonstrate that, while BCL2 rearrangement topology is consistent across entities, HGBCL-DH-BCL2 have distinct MYC rearrangement architecture relative to tumors with single MYC rearrangements or with both MYC and BCL6 rearrangements (HGBCL-DH-BCL6), including both a higher frequency of non-IG rearrangements and different architecture of MYC::IGH rearrangements. The distinct MYC rearrangement patterns in HGBCL-DH-BCL2 occur on the background of high levels of somatic hypermutation across MYC partner loci in HGBCL-DH-BCL2, creating more opportunity to form these rearrangements. Furthermore, because one IGH allele is already disrupted by the existing BCL2 rearrangement, the MYC rearrangement architecture in HGBCL-DH-BCL2 likely reflects selective pressure to preserve both BCL2 and B cell receptor expression. These data provide new mechanistic explanations for the distinct patterns of MYC rearrangements observed across different lymphoma entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Waleed Alduaij
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Haya Shaalan
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Weng
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Manuela Cruz
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James R Cook
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | | | - German Ott
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Elías Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Timothy C Greiner
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Philipp W Raess
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Joo Y Song
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | | | - Elaine S Jaffe
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | | | - Wing C Chan
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Klaus Beiske
- Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kai Fu
- 9. Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jan Delabie
- University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stafania Pittaluga
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | | | | | - Kerry J Savage
- BC Cancer, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Louis M Staudt
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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2
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Shopsowitz K, Lofroth J, Chan G, Kim J, Rana M, Brinkman R, Weng A, Medvedev N, Wang X. MAGIC-DR: An interpretable machine-learning guided approach for acute myeloid leukemia measurable residual disease analysis. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2024. [PMID: 38415807 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry is widely used for acute myeloid leukemia minimal residual disease testing (AML MRD) but is time consuming and demands substantial expertise. Machine learning offers potential advancements in accuracy and efficiency, but has yet to be widely adopted for this application. To explore this, we trained single cell XGBoost classifiers from 98 diagnostic AML cell populations and 30 MRD negative samples. Performance was assessed by cross-validation. Predictions were integrated with UMAP as a heatmap parameter for an augmented/interactive AML MRD analysis framework, which was benchmarked against traditional MRD analysis for 25 test cases. The results showed that XGBoost achieved a median AUC of 0.97, effectively distinguishing diverse AML cell populations from normal cells. When integrated with UMAP, the classifiers highlighted MRD populations against the background of normal events. Our pipeline, MAGIC-DR, incorporated classifier predictions and UMAP into flow cytometry standard (FCS) files. This enabled a human-in-the-loop machine learning guided MRD workflow. Validation against conventional analysis for 25 MRD samples showed 100% concordance in myeloid blast detection, with MAGIC-DR also identifying several immature monocytic populations not readily found by conventional analysis. In conclusion, Integrating a supervised classifier with unsupervised dimension reduction offers a robust method for AML MRD analysis that can be seamlessly integrated into conventional workflows. Our approach can support and augment human analysis by highlighting abnormal populations that can be gated on for quantification and further assessment. This has the potential to speed up MRD analysis, and potentially improve detection sensitivity for certain AML immunophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Shopsowitz
- Division of Hematopathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of pathology and laboratory medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jack Lofroth
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Chan
- Division of Hematopathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jubin Kim
- Terry Fox Lab, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Makhan Rana
- Division of Hematopathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Brinkman
- Terry Fox Lab, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Weng
- Department of pathology and laboratory medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Terry Fox Lab, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nadia Medvedev
- Division of Hematopathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of pathology and laboratory medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xuehai Wang
- Division of Hematopathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of pathology and laboratory medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lavoie JM, Baichoo P, Chavez E, Nappi L, Khalaf D, Kollmannsberger CK, Chi KN, Weng A, Steidl C, Eigl BJ, Nissen M. Comprehensive immune profiling of patients with advanced urothelial or renal cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint blockade. Front Oncol 2022; 12:973402. [PMID: 36176410 PMCID: PMC9513023 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.973402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are used in the treatment of urothelial and renal cell cancers. While some patients may have exceptional responses, better predictive biomarkers are needed. We profiled the circulating immune compartment of patients receiving ICI to identify possible immune markers associated with immunotherapy response or resistance. Peripheral blood samples were collected prior to, and 3 weeks after initiation of ICI. Using mass cytometry, 26 distinct immune populations were identified. Responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors had higher frequencies of naïve CD4+ T-cells, and lower frequencies of CD161+ Th17 cells and CCR4+ Th2 cells. Non-responders had a higher frequency of circulating PD1+ T-cells at baseline; there was a subsequent decrease in frequency with exposure to ICI with a concomitant increase in Ki67 expression. Flow cytometry for cytokines and chemokine receptors showed that CD4+ T cells of non-responder patients expressed less CXCR4 and CCR7. In addition, their PD1- CD4+ T cells had higher TNFα and higher CCR4 expression, while their PD1+ CD4+ T cells had higher interferon γ and lower CCR4 expression. The role of γ/δ T-cells was also explored. In responders, these cells had higher levels of interferon γ, TNFα and CCR5. One patient with a complete response had markedly higher frequency of γ/δ T-cells at baseline, and an expansion of these cells after treatment. This case was analyzed using single-cell gene expression profiling. The bulk of the γ/δ T cells consisted of a single clone of Vγ9/Vδ2 cells both before and after expansion, although the expansion was polyclonal. Gene expression analysis showed that exposure to an ICI led to a more activated phenotype of the γ/δ T cells. In this study, the circulating immune compartment was shown to have potential for biomarker discovery. Its dynamic changes during treatment may be used to assess response before radiographic changes are apparent, and these changes may help us delineate mechanisms that underpin both response and resistance to ICI. It also hypothesizes a potential role for γ/δ T cells as effector cells in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Lavoie
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer – Surrey Centre, Surrey, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-Michel Lavoie,
| | | | - Elizabeth Chavez
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Nappi
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer – Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Khalaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer – Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kim N. Chi
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer – Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratories, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer – Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard J. Eigl
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer – Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sarkozy C, Wu S, Takata K, Aoki T, Neriah SB, Milne K, Nelson B, Weng A, Scott D, Craig JW, Steidl C, Roth A. Abstract A19: Integrated single cell analysis reveals co-evolution of malignant B cells and the tumor microenvironment in transformed follicular lymphoma. Blood Cancer Discov 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/2643-3249.lymphoma22-a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Histological transformation from follicular lymphoma (FL) to aggressive B-cell lymphoma (tFL) is a disease course altering event linked to poor prognosis for affected patients. From a biological point of view, it is paradigmatic of disease dynamics with distinct clinical stages that project onto genetically and phenotypically divergent states. Aim: By applying a series of high-dimensional single cell (sc)RNA and DNA profiling techniques, we aimed to characterize the clonal and phenotypic evolution of tumor B cells and to reveal dynamic interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) during transformation. Methods: We included 11 tFL patients with paired FL (tFL-FL) and DLBCL (tFL-DLBCL) timepoint biopsies, and 11 indolent FL controls (with > 6y of follow-up without evidence of progression or transformation). Single cell whole transcriptome (scWTS) and BCR sequencing was performed for all samples and single cell whole genome sequencing (scWGS) for transformation pairs. Results: In each transformation pair, BCR sequencing confirmed the clonal relationship between FL and DLBCL timepoints. Clustering of scRNA data from each pair showed an inverse correlation between transcriptional similarity and time between the two biopsies. Some tFL-FL cells could always be found within the tFL-DLBCL clusters. Therefore, we labeled these cells as presumed “early-DLBCL cells”. Phylogenetic analysis using scWGS data showed distinct FL and DLBCL clones, and “mixed-clones” composed of cells from both timepoints in most pairs. FL cells in DLBCL clones were favored to represent precursor cells of transformation. DLBCL cells in FL clones likely represent residual FL cells after transformation, and could be found in the majority of the pairs. Divergent evolution from FL to DLBCL with specific copy number abnormalities unique to each timepoint was the most common mode of evolution during transformation, and only one pair showed linear evolution. Integrative analysis of scRNA and scDNA data highlighted that samples with the fewest genomic changes showed the least transcriptomic changes and vice versa. Differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis of malignant cells identified “MYC targets V1“ as the main pathway enriched in tFL-DLBCL cells in comparison to tFL-FL cells. Cells from the indolent control FL cases had a significantly lower MYC score than cells from pre-transformed FL. In parallel to the insights into tumor cell evolution, scRNAseq analysis also revealed significant shifts in TME composition, from T cells with a TFH and central memory phenotype in tFL-FL samples, to cells with an exhausted cytotoxic phenotype in tFL-DLBCL samples. Conclusion: Applying high-dimensional scRNA and DNA profiling techniques we identified precursor cell populations of transformation at the genomic and phenotypic level and linked genomic and phenotypic evolution with shifting TME composition in a comprehensive disease evolution model of transformation.
Citation Format: Clementine Sarkozy, Shaocheng Wu, Katsuyoshi Takata, Tomohiro Aoki, Susana B Neriah, Katy Milne, Brad Nelson, Andrew Weng, David Scott, Jeffrey W Craig, Christian Steidl, Andrew Roth. Integrated single cell analysis reveals co-evolution of malignant B cells and the tumor microenvironment in transformed follicular lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma: Maximizing the Basic-Translational Interface for Clinical Application; 2022 Jun 23-26; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2022;3(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaocheng Wu
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Susana B Neriah
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Katy Milne
- 3BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Andrew Weng
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - David Scott
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Christian Steidl
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
| | - Andrew Roth
- 2University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
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Segat G, Sun A, Rodrigues CB, Foo M, Gusscott S, Weng A. 3186 – TRANSCRIPTOMIC ANALYSIS OF SYNTHETIC HUMAN CORD BLOOD LEUKEMIAS REVEALS DEVELOPMENT STAGE-SPECIFIC DEPENDENCE ON N-MYC. Exp Hematol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.07.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Venturutti L, Teater M, Zhai A, Chadburn A, Babiker L, Kim D, Staudt L, Green M, Farinha P, Weng A, Steidl C, Morin R, Scott D, Privé G, Melnick A. Abstract PO-42: TBL1XR1 mutations drive extranodal lymphomagenesis by inducing a protumorigenic memory B-cell fate. Blood Cancer Discov 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2643-3249.lymphoma20-po-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The most aggressive B-cell lymphomas frequently manifest extranodal distribution and carry somatic mutations in the poorly characterized gene TBL1XR1. Here, we show that TBL1XR1 mutations skew the humoral immune response towards generating abnormal immature memory B-cells (MB), while impairing plasma cell differentiation. At the molecular level, TBL1XR1 mutants co-opt SMRT/HDAC3 repressor complexes towards binding the MB cell transcription factor (TF) BACH2, at the expense of the germinal center (GC) TF BCL6, leading to pre-memory transcriptional reprogramming and cell-fate bias. Upon antigen recall, TBL1XR1 mutant MB cells fail to differentiate into plasma cells and instead preferentially reenter new GC reactions, providing evidence for a cyclic re-entry lymphomagenesis mechanism. Ultimately, TBL1XR1 alterations lead to a striking extranodal immunoblastic lymphoma phenotype that mimics the human disease. Both human and murine lymphomas feature expanded MB-like cell populations, consistent with a MB-cell origin and delineating an unforeseen pathway for malignant transformation of the immune system.
Citation Format: Leandro Venturutti, Matt Teater, Andrew Zhai, Amy Chadburn, Leena Babiker, Daleum Kim, Louis Staudt, Michael Green, Pedro Farinha, Andrew Weng, Christian Steidl, Ryan Morin, David Scott, Gil Privé, Ari Melnick. TBL1XR1 mutations drive extranodal lymphomagenesis by inducing a protumorigenic memory B-cell fate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: Advances in Malignant Lymphoma; 2020 Aug 17-19. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Blood Cancer Discov 2020;1(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-42.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Zhai
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Green
- 5The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX,
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Morin
- 6BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Gil Privé
- 2University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,
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Lavoie JM, Nissen M, Baichoo P, Nappi L, Khalaf DJ, Kollmannsberger CK, Chi KN, Weng A, Eigl BJ. Comprehensive immune profiling of patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) or renal cell cancer (mRCC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
532 Background: CPIs have had a major impact on pts with mUC and mRCC. Only a small subset of pts benefit from CPI, and predictive biomarkers are needed. The role of circulating immune cells is poorly understood, but early changes after CPI exposure may predict response. We aimed to study the changes in circulating immune cell populations of pts receiving CPIs. Methods: Whole blood was collected prior to, and 3 wks after initiation of CPI in CPI-naïve pts with mUC or mRCC. PBMCs were isolated and profiled using mass cytometry (CyTOF) to provide a comprehensive overview of immune cell populations, expression of immune checkpoints, proliferation, and viability. Expression of chemokine receptors and cytokines was measured by flow cytometry. Treatment-emergent changes were correlated with response. Effects of treatment were determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test; interactions of treatment and other variables like cluster size were determined by repeated measures two-way ANOVA. Any effects described had a significance of p<0.05. Results: Ten pts enrolled in this pilot study (mRCC = 4, mUC = 6) received anti-PDL1 (n=5), anti-PDL1/anti-CTLA4 (n=3), and anti-PDL1/chemotherapy (n=2). Best response was: 1 CR, 3 PR, 2 SD, 4 PD. Treatment induced an increase in dendritic cells (DC) and a decrease in PD1+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. Elevated Ki-67, CTLA-4, LAMP-1, granzyme B and perforin expression in PD1+ cells post CPI suggested re-invigoration of exhausted T-cells. PD1+ T-cells had increased expression of the chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR5, and decreased expression of CCR7 and CXCR4, irrespective of treatment. Response was associated with fewer CCR4+ CD4+ T cells and fewer PD1+ CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: Deep profiling by CyTOF provides a means of immune monitoring, with potential applications in clinical trials involving CPIs. Immune responses to CPIs are heterogeneous, with pt subgroups segregated by shifts in both T cell and DCs, and patterns of chemokine receptors and cytokines. Therapy reinvigorates exhausted T cells, and may cause these cells to infiltrate tumors or tumor-draining lymph nodes via chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Lavoie
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Nissen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Priya Baichoo
- Terry Fox Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucia Nappi
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Joseph Khalaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kim N. Chi
- BC Cancer and Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard J. Eigl
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer-Vancouver Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Segat G, Wong R, Tyshchenko K, Kusakabe M, Sun A, Torabi D, Gusscott S, Weng A. 2036 – INFLAMMAGING AND T-ALL: ONCOGENE-CYTOKINE INTERACTIONS AND THEIR ROLE IN LEUKEMOGENESIS. Exp Hematol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Sun AC, Kusakabe M, Tyshchenko K, Wei K, Kyroglou E, Huynh T, Gutierrez G, Nanda A, Gusscott S, Humphries K, Hirst M, Eaves C, Weng A. 3169 – ONCOGENE CONTRIBUTIONS IN A SYNTHETIC MODEL OF DE NOVO GENERATED HUMAN T-CELL ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA. Exp Hematol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Eaves C, Bulaeva E, Knapp D, Hammond C, Pellacani D, Nakamichi N, Sloma I, Lorzadeh A, Beer P, Wilhelm B, Weng A, Hirst M. 1032 - PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN LEUKEMOGENIC PROCESS. Exp Hematol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.06.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sama S, Jerz G, Melzig M, Weng A. Sapofectosid – an isolated triterpenoid saponin from Saponaria officinalis L. ensures non-toxic and universal gene delivery. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 – 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Jerz
- 2 Institute of Food Chemistry. Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitz-Straße 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Melzig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 – 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2 – 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
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Weng A, Keresztes F, Weise C, Kokorin A, Melzig MM. Cytotoxic proteins from the seeds of Gypsophila elegans M. Bieb. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Weng
- Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Keresztes
- Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Weise
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kokorin
- Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
| | - MM Melzig
- Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, Berlin, Germany
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Kunz A, Weng A, Wirth C, Kestler C, Hebestreit H, Segerer F, Köstler H, Bley T, Veldhoen S. Funktionelle native Lungen-MRT (SENCEFUL) zur Ermittlung pulmonaler Perfusionsdefizite bei Cystischer Fibrose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kunz
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - A Weng
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - C Wirth
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - C Kestler
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - H Hebestreit
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - F Segerer
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - H Köstler
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - T Bley
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - S Veldhoen
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
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Veldhoen S, Weng A, Knapp J, Kunz A, Stab D, Wirth C, Segerer F, Hebestreit H, Malzahn U, Köstler H, Bley T. Die selbstnavigierte und kontrastmittelfreie funktionelle Lungen-MRT zur quantitativen Ventilationsanalyse bei Patienten mit cystischer Fibrose. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1600453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Veldhoen
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - A Weng
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - J Knapp
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - A Kunz
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - D Stab
- University of Queensland, Centre of Advanced Imaging, Brisbane
| | - C Wirth
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - F Segerer
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - H Hebestreit
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Würzburg
| | - U Malzahn
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrale für Klinische Studien, Würzburg
| | - H Köstler
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
| | - T Bley
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Würzburg
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Chen P, Luo Z, Güven S, Tasoglu S, Ganesan AV, Weng A, Demirci U. Microscale assembly directed by liquid-based template. Adv Mater 2014; 26:5936-41. [PMID: 24956442 PMCID: PMC4159433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201402079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A liquid surface established by standing waves is used as a dynamically reconfigurable template to assemble microscale materials into ordered, symmetric structures in a scalable and parallel manner. The broad applicability of this technology is illustrated by assembling diverse materials from soft matter, rigid bodies, individual cells, cell spheroids and cell-seeded microcarrier beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Zhengyuan Luo
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA,02139, USA
| | - Sinan Güven
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Adarsh Venkataraman Ganesan
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA,02139, USA
| | - Andrew Weng
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA,02139, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to U.D.
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Petritsch B, Köstler H, Machann W, Horn M, Weng A, Goltz J, Hahn D, Niemann M, Weidemann F, Wanner C, Beer M. Non-invasive Determination of Myocardial Lipid Content in Fabry Disease by 1H-MR Spectroscopy. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012; 184:1020-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Petritsch
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - H. Köstler
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - W. Machann
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - M. Horn
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - A. Weng
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - J. Goltz
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - D. Hahn
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - M. Niemann
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - F. Weidemann
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - C. Wanner
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - M. Beer
- Institut für Röntgendiagnostik im ZOM, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
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Weng A, Stäb D, Wech T, Ritter C, Beer M, Hahn D, Köstler H. Echtzeit-Datenaufnahme zur Bestimmung der Herzfunktion in der MRT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1300908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Maddigan A, Truitt L, Arsenault R, Freywald T, Allonby O, Dean J, Narendran A, Xiang J, Weng A, Napper S, Freywald A. EphB receptors trigger Akt activation and suppress Fas receptor-induced apoptosis in malignant T lymphocytes. J Immunol 2011; 187:5983-94. [PMID: 22039307 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of hematopoietic malignancies often requires allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and the subsequent graft-versus-leukemia response is crucial for the elimination of malignant cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells responsible for the immunoelimination express Fas ligand and strongly rely on the induction of Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis for their action. Although cancer cells are removed successfully by graft-versus-leukemia reactions in myeloid malignancies, their efficiency is low in T cell leukemias. This may be partially because of the ability of malignant T cells to escape apoptosis. Our work shows that Eph family receptor EphB3 is consistently expressed by malignant T lymphocytes, most frequently in combination with EphB6, and that stimulation with their common ligands, ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2, strongly suppresses Fas-induced apoptosis in these cells. This effect is associated with Akt activation and with the inhibition of the Fas receptor-initiated caspase proteolytic cascade. Akt proved to be crucial for the prosurvival response, because inhibition of Akt, but not of other molecules central to T cell biology, including Src kinases, MEK1 and MEK2, blocked the antiapoptotic effect. Overall, this demonstrates a new role for EphB receptors in the protection of malignant T cells from Fas-induced apoptosis through Akt engagement and prevention of caspase activation. Because Fas-triggered apoptosis is actively involved in the graft-versus-leukemia response and cytotoxic T cells express ephrin-Bs, our observations suggest that EphB receptors are likely to support immunoevasivenes of T cell malignancies and may represent promising targets for therapies, aiming to enhance immunoelimination of cancerous T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Maddigan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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Weng A, Thakur M, Schindler A, Fuchs H, Melzig MF. Liquid-chromatographic profiling of Saponinum album (Merck). Pharmazie 2011; 66:744-746. [PMID: 22026154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Saponinum album (Merck) is a complex composite of triterpene saponins. It was shown that Saponinum album (Merck) dramatically enhances the toxicity of the N-glycosylase saporin from the seeds of Saponaria officinalis L. as well as the toxicity of a saporin based anti-tumor toxin. This study was intended to chromatographically profile the saponins present in Saponinum album (Merck) in order to identify saponins that determine the cytotoxicity enhancing properties of Saponinum album (Merck) on saporin. For this purpose a liquid-chromatographic profiling (HPLC) followed by ESI-TOF-MS analysis and evaluation of cytotoxicity enhancer effects of saponins from Saponinum album (Merck) was performed. This is the first study describing a liquid-chromatographic profiling of saponins from Saponinum album (Merck). Ten different saponins were isolated. There was a lot of variation observed in the cytotoxicity enhancing properties of different isolated saponins, 8 out of 10 isolated saponins showed an enhancer effect on the toxicity of saporin. Based on these results it was concluded that the cytotoxicity enhancer effect of Saponinum album (Merck) is not attributable to a single, activity determining saponin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weng
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Ritter O, Marggraf M, Weng A, Beer M, Hahn D, Köstler H. Absolutquantifizierung der myokardialen Perfusion in der 3T MRT in freier Atmung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1279439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Finak G, Perez JM, Weng A, Gottardo R. Optimizing transformations for automated, high throughput analysis of flow cytometry data. BMC Bioinformatics 2010; 11:546. [PMID: 21050468 PMCID: PMC3243046 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-11-546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a high throughput setting, effective flow cytometry data analysis depends heavily on proper data preprocessing. While usual preprocessing steps of quality assessment, outlier removal, normalization, and gating have received considerable scrutiny from the community, the influence of data transformation on the output of high throughput analysis has been largely overlooked. Flow cytometry measurements can vary over several orders of magnitude, cell populations can have variances that depend on their mean fluorescence intensities, and may exhibit heavily-skewed distributions. Consequently, the choice of data transformation can influence the output of automated gating. An appropriate data transformation aids in data visualization and gating of cell populations across the range of data. Experience shows that the choice of transformation is data specific. Our goal here is to compare the performance of different transformations applied to flow cytometry data in the context of automated gating in a high throughput, fully automated setting. We examine the most common transformations used in flow cytometry, including the generalized hyperbolic arcsine, biexponential, linlog, and generalized Box-Cox, all within the BioConductor flowCore framework that is widely used in high throughput, automated flow cytometry data analysis. All of these transformations have adjustable parameters whose effects upon the data are non-intuitive for most users. By making some modelling assumptions about the transformed data, we develop maximum likelihood criteria to optimize parameter choice for these different transformations. RESULTS We compare the performance of parameter-optimized and default-parameter (in flowCore) data transformations on real and simulated data by measuring the variation in the locations of cell populations across samples, discovered via automated gating in both the scatter and fluorescence channels. We find that parameter-optimized transformations improve visualization, reduce variability in the location of discovered cell populations across samples, and decrease the misclassification (mis-gating) of individual events when compared to default-parameter counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the preferred transformation for fluorescence channels is a parameter- optimized biexponential or generalized Box-Cox, in accordance with current best practices. Interestingly, for populations in the scatter channels, we find that the optimized hyperbolic arcsine may be a better choice in a high-throughput setting than current standard practice of no transformation. However, generally speaking, the choice of transformation remains data-dependent. We have implemented our algorithm in the BioConductor package, flowTrans, which is publicly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fariview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Bashashati A, Lo K, Gottardo R, Gascoyne RD, Weng A, Brinkman R. A pipeline for automated analysis of flow cytometry data: preliminary results on lymphoma sub-type diagnosis. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2009:4945-8. [PMID: 19963874 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5332710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) is widely used in health research and is a technique to measure cell properties such as phenotype, cytokine expression, etc., for up to millions of cells from a sample. FCM data analysis is a highly tedious, subjective and manually time-consuming (to the level of impracticality for some data) process that is based on intuition rather than standardized statistical inference. This study proposes a pipeline for automatic analysis of FCM data. The proposed pipeline identifies biomarkers that correlate with physiological/pathological conditions and classifies the samples to specific pathological/physiological entities. The pipeline utilizes a model-based clustering approach to identify cell populations that share similar biological functions. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classifiers were then used to classify the samples and identify biomarkers associated with disease status. The performance of the proposed data analysis pipeline has been evaluated on lymphoma patients. Preliminary results show more than 90% accuracy in differentiating between some sub-types of lymphoma. The proposed pipeline also finds biologically meaningful biomarkers that differ between lymphoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bashashati
- British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, Canada.
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23
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Özdil S, Weng A, Ritter CO, Hahn D, Köstler H. Automatische Segmentierung von MR-Herz-Bildern zur Bestimmung kardialer Funktionsparameter. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Weng A, Jenett-Siems K, Görick C, Melzig MF. Enhancement of cytotoxicity of ribosome-inactivating-protein type I by saponinum album is not based on stimulation of phagocytosis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:925-30. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Saponinum album, a mixture of triterpenoic saponins derived from Gypsophila species, led to an increased internalization of agrostin, a ribosome-inactivating-protein (RIP) type I in U-937 cells differentiated with interferon-γ or phorbol myristate acetate. Treatment with agrostin only showed no cytotoxicity. It was hypothesized that saponinum album stimulated phagocytosis and by that the uptake of agrostin. For this purpose phagocytosis experiments with Alexa-Fluor-488-labelled 1-μm amino-latex beads and FITC-labelled Escherichia coli (K-12 strain) were performed. The results indicated no stimulation of phagocytosis by treatment with saponinum album.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Jenett-Siems
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Görick
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M F Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2 + 4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Bachran C, Weng A, Bachran D, Riese SB, Schellmann N, Melzig MF, Fuchs H. The distribution of saponins in vivo affects their synergy with chimeric toxins against tumours expressing human epidermal growth factor receptors in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:345-52. [PMID: 20015087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Certain saponins synergize with antitumour drugs to enhance their efficacy, but the mechanisms underlying this synergy in vivo are not well studied. Here, we describe the distribution of Saponinum album (Spn) from Gypsophila paniculata L. in mice after subcutaneous injection. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The [(3)H]-labelled Spn used for in vivo experiments was biologically active, as it still increased the cytotoxicity of a chimeric toxin in vitro. Distribution of [(3)H]-Spn was measured in BALB/c mice, with or without subcutaneous tumours in the flank. Labelled Spn was subcutaneously injected in the neck, and samples of organs, blood, urine and tumour tissue were analysed for radioactivity, 5-240 min after the injection. KEY RESULTS The majority of [(3)H]-Spn distributed within 10 min throughout the entire animal, with high levels of radioactivity in the urine by 30 min. No preferential accumulation in tumour tissue or other organs was observed. In tumour-bearing mice, using a sequential combination of Spn (given first) and a chimeric toxin against the epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB1, we tested two different pretreatment times for Spn. There was high antitumour efficacy (66% inhibition of tumour growth) after 60 min pre treatment with Spn, but no significant inhibition after 10 min pre treatment with Spn. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS [(3)H]-Spn was rapidly cleared from the mice after s.c. injection, and antitumour synergy with chimeric toxins was correlated with the removal of excess Spn from tissues. Disposition of Spn in vivo may critically determine antitumour synergy with chimeric toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bachran
- Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Lacasce A, Howard O, Lib S, Fisher D, Weng A, Neuberg D, Shipp M. Modified Magrath Regimens for Adults with Burkitt and Burkitt-Like Lymphomas: Preserved Efficacy with Decreased Toxicity. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:761-7. [PMID: 15160953 DOI: 10.1080/1042819031000141301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkitt and Burkitt-like lymphomas are rapidly growing tumors which require specialized therapy. Although intensive, multi-agent regimens have been effective in children, results are more variable in adults. Magrath et al. previously described a regimen that was highly effective in children and young adults. This phase II study of a modified Magrath regimen was designed to assess its efficacy in older adults and reduce treatment-related toxicity. Fourteen patients with Burkitt/Burkitt-like lymphoma and median age of 47 years were stratified into two categories: low-risk (normal LDH and a single focus of disease measuring less than 10 cm, 3 patients) and high risk (all other, 11 patients). Low-risk patients received three cycles of modified CODOX-M (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, adriamycin, vincristine with intrathecal methotrexate and cytarabine followed by high-dose systemic methotrexate, regimen A). High-risk patients received four alternating cycles of regimens A and B (A-B-A-B). Regimen B consisted of ifosfamide, cytarabine, etoposide and intrathecal methotrexate (IVAC). The modified treatment regimen was associated with no grade 3/4 neuropathy and only one episode of grade 3/4 mucositis. All patients completed protocol therapy and there were no treatment-related deaths. Twelve patients (86%, 90% CI: 61 97%) achieved a complete response; 1 patient achieved a PR and 1 patient died of progressive disease. Nine patients (64%) are alive and disease free at a median follow-up of 29 months. This modified Magrath regimen is effective and well-tolerated in a representative group of older adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lacasce
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Weng A, Bachran C, Fuchs H, Krause E, Stephanowitz H, Melzig MF. Enhancement of saporin cytotoxicity by Gypsophila saponins--more than stimulation of endocytosis. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:424-9. [PMID: 19615984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Saporin is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein with N-glycosidase activity. It removes adenine residues from the 28S ribosomal RNA resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis. Recently we have shown that saporin exerts no cytotoxicity on seven human cell lines. However, the combination of saporin with a special mixture of Gypsophila saponins (Soapwort saponins) from Gypsophila paniculata L. (baby's breath) rendered saporin to a potent cytotoxin comparable to viscumin, a highly toxic type II ribosome-inactivating protein. In this study we investigated whether the enhancement of the saporin-cytotoxicity by Gypsophila saponins is mediated by a saponin-triggered modulation of endocytosis, exocytosis or impaired degradation processes of his-tagged saporin ((his)saporin) in ECV-304 cells. For this purpose (his)saporin was labelled with tritium and cytotoxicity of the toxin alone and in combination with Gypsophila saponins was scrutinized. The transport and degradation processes of (his)saporin were not different in Gypsophila saponin-treated and control cells. However, after ultracentrifugation of a post-nuclear supernatant the amount of cytosolic (his)saporin was significantly higher in saponin-treated cells than in cells, which were only incubated with (his)saporin. This indicates a saponin mediated endosomal escape of saporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Weng A, Ritter CO, Lotz J, Hahn D, Beer M, Köstler H. Evaluation einer vollautomatischen Quantifizierung von MR-Herz-Perfusionsuntersuchungen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stäb D, Ritter C, Beer M, Weng A, Gutberlet M, Hahn D, Köstler H. Einsatz von Paralleler Bildgebung zur Steigerung des SNR in der MR-Herzperfusionsbildgebung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stäb D, Ritter C, Weng A, Beer M, Hahn D, Köstler H. Mit CAIPIRINHA beschleunigte Mehrschicht-TrueFISP-MR-Herzperfusionsbildgebung mit vollständiger Herzabdeckung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Ritter CO, Kowalski M, Weng A, Beer M, Hahn D, Köstler H. Quantitative MR Herz Perfusionsbildgebung in Ruhe und unter Cold Pressor Test. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fuchs H, Bachran D, Panjideh H, Schellmann N, Weng A, Melzig M, Sutherland M, Bachran C. Saponins as Tool for Improved Targeted Tumor Therapies. Curr Drug Targets 2009; 10:140-51. [DOI: 10.2174/138945009787354584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Weng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - M.F. Melzig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Bachran
- Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - H. Fuchs
- Zentralinstitut für Laboratoriumsmedizin und Pathobiochemie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
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Weng A, Bachran C, Fuchs H, Melzig MF. Soapwort saponins trigger clathrin-mediated endocytosis of saporin, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 176:204-11. [PMID: 18775419 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Saporin, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), removes adenine residues from the 28S ribosomal RNA as part of a process that leads to inhibition of protein synthesis. However, as shown in this study, neither saporin nor his-tagged saporin (both 0.6-6 pM) exert toxicity on several human cell lines including H-2171, SK-N-SH, HEP-G2, MOLT-3, THP-1, HL-60 and ECV-304. Saporin and his-tagged saporin became highly cytotoxic when they were used in a combined treatment with Soapwort saponins (SA). When combined with SA (2-4 microg/ml) saporin became as cytotoxic as the highly toxic type II RIP rViscumin reflected by an IC50 of 42.5x10(-12) M for saporin and 21.5x10(-12) M for rViscumin. We demonstrated that saporin was internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, followed by the release into the endosomal transport system. Our results indicate that SA triggers this endocytic event rendering the otherwise cell membrane impermeable type I RIP saporin a potent cytotoxin. This effect was not cell line-specific suggesting that saporin exploits a common SA-dependent mechanism to enter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Weng A, Ritter CO, Lotz J, Beer M, Hahn D, Köstler H. Erstellung von Perfusionskarten bei Herz-MR-Perfusionsuntersuchungen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Goltz JP, Stamm H, Weng A, Ritter C, Hahn D, Koestler H, Beer M. Bestimmung kardialer Funktionsparameter mittels Multislice-MRT in freier Atmung. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1073491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Weng A, Wilke A, Ritter C, Wichmann T, Lotz J, Hahn D, Beer M, Köstler H. Vergleich von automatischer und manueller Segmentierung zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Perfusion des menschlichen Herzens in der MRT. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-977006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ringrose A, Zhou Y, Pang E, Zhou L, Lin AEJ, Sheng G, Li XJ, Weng A, Su MW, Pittelkow MR, Jiang X. Evidence for an oncogenic role of AHI-1 in Sezary syndrome, a leukemic variant of human cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 2006; 20:1593-601. [PMID: 16838023 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ahi-1 (Abelson helper integration site 1) is a novel gene frequently activated by provirus insertional mutagenesis in murine leukemias and lymphomas. Its involvement in human leukemogenesis is demonstrated by gross perturbations in its expression in human leukemia cells, particularly in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cell lines where increases in AHI-1 transcripts of 40-fold are seen. To test directly whether deregulated expression of AHI-1 contributes to their transformed properties, knockdown of AHI-1 expression in Hut78 cells, a cell line derived from a patient with Sezary syndrome (SS), was performed using retroviral-mediated RNA interference. Retroviral-mediated suppression specifically inhibited expression of AHI-1 and its isoforms in transduced cells by 80% and also reduced autocrine production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) by up to 85%. It further significantly reduced their growth factor independence in vitro and the ability to produce tumors in immunodeficient mice. Interestingly, aberrant expression of AHI-1, particularly truncated isoforms, was present in CD4+CD7- Sezary cells from some patients with SS. Elevated expression of IL-2 and TNFalpha was also found in these cells. These findings provide strong evidence of the oncogenic activity of AHI-1 in human leukemogenesis and demonstrate that its deregulation may contribute to the development of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ringrose
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Saponinum album, a mixture of saponins with an aldehyde function bound at C4 from Gypsophila species, increased the cytotoxicity of lectins like agrostin and saporin by enhancing its penetration through the cell membrane. The effect was attenuated by latrunculin, an inhibitor of endocytosis, and by bafilomycin, an inhibitor of transport from early to late endosomes and lysosomes. In contrast, the effect was not influenced by brefeldin A that causes dissolution of the Golgi stacks and by the addition of different monosaccharides. The toxicity of other peptidic toxins was only slightly enhanced by the saponins indicating a specific interaction between lectins and saponins present in Caryophyllaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hebestreit
- Institute of Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Weng A, Beer M, Hahn D, Köstler H. CORRECT-SLIM: Prinzip und Anwendung zur quantitativen 31P-MR-Spektroskopie des menschlichen Herzens. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Izon DJ, Aster JC, He Y, Weng A, Karnell FG, Patriub V, Xu L, Bakkour S, Rodriguez C, Allman D, Pear WS. Deltex1 redirects lymphoid progenitors to the B cell lineage by antagonizing Notch1. Immunity 2002; 16:231-43. [PMID: 11869684 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notch1 signaling drives T cell development at the expense of B cell development from a common precursor, an effect that is dependent on a C-terminal Notch1 transcriptional activation domain. The function of Deltex1, initially identified as a positive modulator of Notch function in a genetic screen in Drosophila, is poorly understood. We now demonstrate that, in contrast to Notch1, enforced expression of Deltex1 in hematopoietic progenitors results in B cell development at the expense of T cell development in fetal thymic organ culture and in vivo. Consistent with these effects, Deltex1 antagonizes Notch1 signaling in transcriptional reporter assays by inhibiting coactivator recruitment. These data suggest that a balance of inductive Notch1 signals and inhibitory signals mediated through Deltex1 and other modulators regulate T-B lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Izon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gaudet G, Friedberg JW, Weng A, Pinkus GS, Freedman AS. Breast lymphoma associated with breast implants: two case-reports and a review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:115-9. [PMID: 11908714 DOI: 10.1080/10428190210189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast lymphoma is a rare entity consisting mostly of B-cell lymphomas that affects older women. Very few cases of breast lymphomas of T-cell origin have been reported. Even fewer cases of breast lymphomas have been reported in women who have received breast implants. Silicone, a frequent component of breast implants, has been extensively investigated as a possible etiologic agent for some neoplasias and autoimmune disorders, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We herein report two unusual cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype developing in the breasts of women who had received breast implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Gaudet
- Department of Adult Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Roll J, Weng A, Newman J. Diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection among California Medicare patients. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157:994-8. [PMID: 9140270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in active peptic ulcer disease has been demonstrated to speed ulcer healing, reduce the risk of rebleeding, and prevent long-term recurrence. The objective of this study was to determine whether Medicare patients with peptic ulcer disease who are admitted to acute care hospitals are being tested or treated for H pylori infection as recommended by a National Institutes of Health consensus panel. METHODS The study was designed as a retrospective medical records survey. From the Medicare National Claims History File, all persons 65 years and older admitted to California fee-for-service hospitals for peptic ulcer disease in 1994 were identified. A random sample of 600 claims was selected for review. After exclusions, 524 patients were eligible for study. The main outcome measures were (1) the proportion of patients who were tested for H pylori infection by 1 of the 5 available methods (histopathologic study, urease assay, microbiologic culture, serum antibody testing, or urea breath test) and (2) the proportion who were treated with antibiotics (amoxicillin, tetracycline, clarithromycin, or metronidazole) for H pylori infection. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent of patients with peptic ulcer disease were tested for H pylori infection and 3% were treated empirically. Only 47% of the patients who had a positive diagnostic test result for H pylori were treated with antibiotics. CONCLUSION Because diagnosis and treatment of H pylori infection has been demonstrated to improve outcomes and decrease expenses, the data indicate a substantial opportunity to improve the care of elderly Medicare patients with peptic ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roll
- California Medical Review Inc, San Francisco, USA
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Weng A, Magnuson T, Storb U. Strain-specific transgene methylation occurs early in mouse development and can be recapitulated in embryonic stem cells. Development 1995; 121:2853-9. [PMID: 7555712 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121.9.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A murine transgene, HRD, is methylated only when carried in certain inbred strain backgrounds. A locus on distal chromosome 4, Ssm1 (strain-specific modifier), controls this phenomenon. In order to characterize the activity of Ssm1, we have investigated developmental acquisition of methylation over the transgene. Analysis of postimplantation embryos revealed that strain-specific methylation is initiated prior to embryonic day (E) 6.5. Strain-specific transgene methylation is all-or-none in pattern and occurs exclusively in the primitive ectoderm lineage. A strain-independent pattern of partial methylation occurs in the primitive endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. To examine earlier stages, embryonic stem (ES) cells were derived from E3.5 blastocysts and examined for transgene methylation before and after differentiation. Though the transgene had already acquired some methylation in undifferentiated ES cells, differentiation induced further, de novo methylation in a strain-dependent manner. Analysis of methylation in ES cultures suggests that the transgene and endogenous genes (such as immunoglobulin genes) are synchronously methylated during early development. These results are interpreted in the context of a model in which Ssm1-like modifier genes produce alterations in chromatin structure during and/or shortly after implantation, thereby marking target loci for de novo methylation with the rest of the genome during gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Weng A, Engler P, Storb U. The bulk chromatin structure of a murine transgene does not vary with its transcriptional or DNA methylation status. Mol Cell Biol 1995; 15:572-9. [PMID: 7799966 PMCID: PMC232015 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.15.1.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA methylation status of HRD, a murine transgene, can be controlled by the genetic background upon which it is carried. We found the transgene to be transcribed in competent tissues only when undermethylated. Chromatin structure over the transgene was assayed by nuclear accessibility with DNase I, MspI, and PstI. While the transgene was up to fivefold more resistant to MspI when methylated than when not methylated, we observed no such difference with DNase I or PstI. We suggest that methyl-CpG-binding proteins are responsible for the difference observed with MspI, but that the chromatin structures are otherwise similarly compacted. Methylation could, therefore, play a regulatory role in gene expression beyond that which can be accomplished by bulk chromatin structure alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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46
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Abstract
We have previously described a line of transgenic mice with multiple head-to-tail copies of an artificial V-J recombination substrate and have shown that the methylation of this transgene is under the control of a dominant strain-specific modifier gene, Ssm-1. When the transgene array is highly methylated, no recombination is detectable, but when it is unmethylated, V-J joining is seen in the spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches but not in the thymus or nonlymphoid tissues, including brain tissue. Strikingly, in mice with partially methylated transgene arrays, rearrangement preferentially occurs in hypomethylated copies. Therefore, V-J recombination is negatively correlated with methylated DNA sequences. In addition, it appears that recombination occurs randomly between any two recombination signal sequences within the transgene array. This lack of target preference in an unselectable array of identical targets rules out simple mechanisms of one-dimensional tracking of a V(D)J recombinase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Engler
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637
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47
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Storb U, Engler P, Klotz E, Weng A, Haasch D, Pinkert C, Doglio L, Glymour M, Brinster R. Rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin genes in transgenic mice. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1992; 182:137-41. [PMID: 1490348 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-77633-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice are discussed which carry a rearrangement test transgene. The methylation status of the transgene varies, depending on the background mouse strain. When the transgene is bred into the C57BL/6 strain, it is completely methylated and not rearranged in lymphoid organs. After several generations of crossing into DBA/2 or SJL the transgene becomes unmethylated and rearranges at high frequency. A strain specific modifier of DNA methylation (Ssm-1) was mapped close to the Friend virus susceptibility locus (Fv-1) on mouse chromosome 4. Rearranged transgenes from spleen, bone marrow and thymus of adult mice or fetal liver were cloned and sequenced. A great variety of joints was found, with about 1/3 being in the correct reading frame. Small deletions into the V- and J-coding ends as well as N region additions contributed to the variability. The fetal joints showed no N regions. Since no functional immunoglobulin (Ig) gene can be created from this artificial test gene, the data indicate that the rearrangement mechanism of the fetus differs from that of the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Storb
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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Chensue SW, Shmyr-Forsch C, Weng A, Otterness IG, Kunkel SL. Biologic and immunohistochemical analysis of macrophage interleukin- 1 alpha, - 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor production during the peritoneal exudative response. J Leukoc Biol 1989; 46:529-37. [PMID: 2809418 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.46.6.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined changes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by murine peritoneal macrophages during the chronic exudative response to Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Macrophages were isolated by peritoneal lavage and adherence at intervals over a 32 day period following i.p. injection of CFA. Optimal culture conditions for IL-1 and TNF production were predetermined, and it was found that IL-1 production was profoundly impaired at densities of above 150 cells/mm2, whereas TNF synthesis was more resistant to density effects. Using optimal conditions, we observed a sequential appearance of monokines. On day 0 there was minimal IL-1 production and no detectable TNF production. By days 4-7, IL-1 production reached maximum levels with a steady decline to baseline by day 32. TNF production steadily increased after day 2, reached maximal levels by days 16-20, and then partly declined by day 32. These findings were supported by kinetic analyses at specified days. When related to exudative events, it appeared that maximal IL-1 was associated with the recruitment stage of the reaction, whereas TNF production was associated with the established exudate. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TNF production could be related to the proportion of macrophages with cytoplasmic TNF expression. In contrast, IL-1 alpha and -1 beta expression was comparable among populations with 85-100% of cells showing cytoplasmic expression 6 hr after LPS stimulus. Whereas cytoplasmic IL-1 alpha persisted for the 18 hr study period, IL-1 beta disappeared from many adjuvant recruited cells. Our findings suggest that monokine production is orchestrated during macrophage recruitment and activation at sites of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chensue
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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