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Schweizer S, Halder K, Schäfer A, Hauns J, Marsili L, Mazzariol S, Fossi MC, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Vetter W. High Amounts of Halogenated Natural Products in Sperm Whales ( Physeter macrocephalus) from Two Italian Regions in the Mediterranean Sea. Environ Health (Wash) 2024; 2:233-242. [PMID: 38660428 PMCID: PMC11036390 DOI: 10.1021/envhealth.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) are considered to be emerging contaminants whose environmental distribution and fate are only incompletely known. Therefore, several persistent and bioaccumulative HNP groups, together with man-made polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were quantified in the blubber of nine sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) stranded on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Italy. The naturally occurring polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives (PBHDs; sum of TetraBHD and TriBHD) were the most prominent substance class with up to 77,000 ng/g blubber. The mean PBHD content (35,800 ng/g blubber) even exceeded the one of PCBs (28,400 ng/g blubber), although the region is known to be highly contaminated with man-made contaminants. Based on mean values, Q1 ∼ PBDEs > MeO-BDEs ∼ 2,2'-diMeO-BB 80 and several other HNPs followed with decreasing amounts. All blubber samples contained an abundant compound whose molecular formula (C16H19Br3O2) was verified using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The only plausible matching isomer was (2S,4'S,9R,9'S)-2,7-dibromo-4'-bromomethyl-1,1-dimethyl-2,3,4,4',9,9'-9,9'-hexahydro-1H-xanthen-9-ol (OH-TriBHD), a hydroxylated secondary metabolite previously detected together with TriBHD and TetraBHD in a sponge known to be a natural producer of PBHDs. The estimated mean amount of the presumed OH-TriBHD was 3000 ng/g blubber, which is unexpectedly high for hydroxylated compounds in the lipids of marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Schweizer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kristin Halder
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annika Schäfer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jakob Hauns
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Halogenated POPs in Feed and Food, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry (170b), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Juric D, Barve M, Vaishampayan U, Roda D, Calvo A, Jañez NM, Trigo J, Greystoke A, Harvey RD, Olszanski AJ, Opyrchal M, Spira A, Thistlethwaite F, Jiménez B, Sappal JH, Kannan K, Riley J, Li C, Li C, Gregory RC, Miao H, Wang S. A phase Ib study evaluating the recommended phase II dose, safety, tolerability, and efficacy of mivavotinib in combination with nivolumab in advanced solid tumors. Cancer Med 2024; 13:10.1002/cam4.6776. [PMID: 38501219 PMCID: PMC10949085 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mivavotinib (TAK-659/CB-659), a dual SYK/FLT3 inhibitor, reduced immunosuppressive immune cell populations and suppressed tumor growth in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy in cancer models. This dose-escalation/expansion study investigated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of mivavotinib plus nivolumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients received oral mivavotinib 60-100 mg once-daily plus intravenous nivolumab 3 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 in 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The dose-escalation phase evaluated the recommended phase II dose (RP2D; primary endpoint). The expansion phase evaluated overall response rate (primary end point) at the RP2D in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). During dose-escalation (n = 24), two dose-limiting toxicities (grade 4 lipase increased and grade 3 pyrexia) occurred in patients who received mivavotinib 80 mg and 100 mg, respectively. The determined RP2D was once-daily mivavotinib 80 mg plus nivolumab 3 mg/kg. The expansion phase was terminated at ~50% enrollment (n = 17) after failing to meet an ad hoc efficacy futility threshold. Among all 41 patients, common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) included dyspnea (48.8%), aspartate aminotransferase increased, and pyrexia (46.3% each). Common grade ≥3 TEAEs were hypophosphatemia and anemia (26.8% each). Mivavotinib plasma exposure was generally dose-proportional (60-100 mg). One patient had a partial response. Mivavotinib 80 mg plus nivolumab 3 mg/kg was well tolerated with no new safety signals beyond those of single-agent mivavotinib or nivolumab. Low response rates highlight the challenges of treating unresponsive tumor types, such as TNBC, with this combination and immunotherapies in general. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: NCT02834247.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Juric
- Termeer Center for Targeted TherapiesMassachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Minal Barve
- Medical OncologyMary Crowley Cancer ResearchDallasTexasUSA
| | - Ulka Vaishampayan
- Internal Medicine/Oncology, Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | | | - Aitana Calvo
- Medical OncologyInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
| | | | - Jose Trigo
- Medical OncologyHospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálagaSpain
| | | | - R. Donald Harvey
- Hematology and Medical OncologyWinship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Anthony J. Olszanski
- Department of Hematology/OncologyFox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mateusz Opyrchal
- Division of OncologyWashington University School of Medicine in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Alexander Spira
- Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Medical Oncology, Virginia Cancer SpecialistsUS Oncology Research, NEXT Oncology VirginiaLeesburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Fiona Thistlethwaite
- Medical OncologyThe Christie NHS Foundation Trust and University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Medical OncologyHospital Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMálagaSpain
| | - Jessica Huck Sappal
- Precision and Translational MedicineTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Karuppiah Kannan
- Oncology Therapeutic Area UnitTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jason Riley
- GastroenterologyTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Cheryl Li
- Quantitative Clinical PharmacologyTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Cong Li
- Statistical and Quantitative SciencesTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard C. Gregory
- Precision and Translational MedicineTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Harry Miao
- Clinical DevelopmentTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shining Wang
- Takeda Oncology Clinical ScienceTakeda Development Center Americas, Inc. (TDCA)LexingtonMassachusettsUSA
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Cortés-Avizanda A, Donázar-Aramendía I, Arrondo E, Ceballos O, Colomer-Vidal P, Jiménez B, Donázar JA. Levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the role of anthropic subsidies in the diet of avian scavengers tracked by stable isotopes. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123188. [PMID: 38123115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have been identified as a significant factor driving declines in wildlife populations. These contaminants exhibit a dual tendency to biomagnify up the food chains and persist within tissues, rendering long-lived vertebrates, such as raptors, highly vulnerable to their adverse effects. We assessed the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in fledglings of two vulture species, the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) and the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), coexisting in northern Spain. Vultures, currently facing a severe threat with a population decline exceeding 90%, represent one of the most critically endangered avian groups in the Old World. Despite this critical situation, there remains a scarcity of research examining the intricate relationship between contaminant levels and individual foraging behaviors. In parallel, we analyzed stable isotope levels (δ15N and δ13C) in fledgling's feathers and prey hair to determine the association between individual dietary and contaminant burdens. Our findings revealed higher levels of PCBs in Egyptian vultures, while pesticide concentrations remained very similar between focal species. Furthermore, higher individual values of δ13C, indicating a diet based on intensive farming carcasses and landfills, were associated with higher levels of PCBs. While the levels of POPs found do not raise immediate alarm, the presence of individuals with unusually high values reveals the existence of accessible contamination sources in the environment for avian scavengers. The increasing reliance of these birds on intensive livestock farming and landfills, due to the decline of extensive livestock farming, necessitates long-term monitoring of potential contaminant effects on their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Cortés-Avizanda
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Av. Reina Mercedes 6, 41012, Seville, Spain; Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain
| | - I Donázar-Aramendía
- Laboratorio de Biología Marina, Seville Aquarium R + D + I Biological Research Area, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - E Arrondo
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Department of Zoology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - O Ceballos
- UGARRA, Avda. Carlos III 1, 31002, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - P Colomer-Vidal
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Donázar
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, C/. Americo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain
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Garcia-Garin O, Borrell A, Colomer-Vidal P, Vighi M, Trilla-Prieto N, Aguilar A, Gazo M, Jiménez B. Biomagnification and temporal trends (1990-2021) of perfluoroalkyl substances in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) from the NW Mediterranean sea. Environ Pollut 2023; 339:122738. [PMID: 37838318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a well-known class of pollutants which can bioaccumulate and biomagnify with a vast majority being highly persistent. This study aims to determine the biomagnification rates of PFAS in sexually mature striped dolphins and to assess temporal trends on PFAS concentrations over the past three decades (1990-2021) in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. Thirteen and 17 of the 19 targeted PFAS were detected in the samples of the dolphins' digestive content and liver, respectively, at concentrations ranging between 43 and 1609 ng/g wet weight, and 254 and 7010 ng/g wet weight, respectively. The most abundant compounds in both types of samples were linear perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (n-PFOS) and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA), which were present in all samples, followed by perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Long-chain PFAS (i.e., PFCAs C ≥ 7 and PFSAs C ≥ 6) biomagnified to a greater extent than short-chain PFAS, suggesting a potential effect on the health of striped dolphins. Environmental Quality Standards concentrations set in 2014 by the European Union were exceeded in half of the samples of digestive content, suggesting that polluted prey may pose potential health risks for striped dolphins. Concentrations of most long-chain PFAS increased from 1990 to 2004-2009, then stabilized during 2014-2021, possibly following country regulations and industrial initiatives. The current study highlights the persistent presence of banned PFAS and may contribute to future ecological risk assessments and the design of management strategies to mitigate PFAS pollution in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odei Garcia-Garin
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Asunción Borrell
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Colomer-Vidal
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Morgana Vighi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Trilla-Prieto
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Alex Aguilar
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Gazo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio). Faculty of Biology. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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Casas G, Iriarte J, D'Agostino LA, Roscales JL, Martinez-Varela A, Vila-Costa M, Martin JW, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Inputs, amplification and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances at coastal Antarctica. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122608. [PMID: 37742857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The sources, biogeochemical controls and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances, such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), in polar coastal regions are largely unknown. These were evaluated by measuring a large multi-compartment dataset of PFAAs concentrations at coastal Livingston and Deception Islands (maritime Antarctica) during three austral summers. PFAAs were abundant in atmospheric-derived samples (aerosols, rain, snow), consistent with the importance of atmospheric deposition as an input of PFAAs to Antarctica. Such PFAAs deposition was unequivocally demonstrated by the occurrence of PFAAs in small Antarctic lakes. Several lines of evidence supported the relevant amplification of PFAAs concentrations in surface waters driven by snow scavenging of sea-spray aerosol-bound PFAAs followed by snow-melting. For example, vertical profiles showed higher PFAAs concentrations at lower-salinity surface seawaters, and PFAAs concentrations in snow were significantly higher than in seawater. The higher levels of PFAAs at Deception Island than at Livingston Island are consistent with the semi-enclosed nature of the bay. Concentrations of PFOS decreased from 2014 to 2018, consistent with observations in other oceans. The sink of PFAAs due to the biological pump, transfer to the food web, and losses due to sea-spray aerosols alone are unlikely to have driven the decrease in PFOS concentrations. An exploratory assessment of the potential sinks of PFAAs suggests that microbial degradation of perfluoroalkyl sulfonates should be a research priority for the evaluation of PFAAs persistence in the coming decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Casas
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; BETA Tech Center, University of Vic, Catalonia, Vic, Spain
| | - Jon Iriarte
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa A D'Agostino
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Martinez-Varela
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES, Exposure & Effects), Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
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Santa-Marina L, Barroeta Z, Irizar A, Alvarez JI, Abad E, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Ibarluzea J, Urbieta N, Jimeno-Romero A, Zubero MB, Lertxundi A. Characterization of PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in air in Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain). Environ Res 2023; 228:115901. [PMID: 37072078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This research examines the levels and trends of pollutants, specifically 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs and 12 dl-PCBs, in the air measured in the province of Gipuzkoa (Basque Country, Spain). The study used PCDD/Fs, dl-PCB, and the sum of dioxin-like compounds as separate response variables. A total of 113 air samples were collected and analyzed using the method described in the European Standard (EN-1948:2006) from two industrial areas. The results were analyzed using non-parametric test to assess the variability of these pollutants based on different factors (year, season and day of the week) and General Linear Models to assess the weight of each factor. The study found that the toxic equivalents (TEQs) for PCDD/Fs were 12.29 fg TEQm-3 and for dl-PCBs were 1.63 fg TEQm-3, which were in a similar range or lower than those observed in other national and international studies in industrial areas. The results showed temporal variations, with higher levels of PCDD/Fs in autumn-winter than in spring-summer and higher levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs during weekdays than on weekends. The industrial area where the energy recovery plant (ERP) will be located had higher levels of air pollutants due to the presence of two PCDD/Fs emitting industries nearby, as indicated by the Spanish Registry of Polluting Emission Sources. Both industrial areas showed similar profiles of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, with the PCDD/F profiles dominated by OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF in terms of concentrations and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, and 2,3,7,8-TCDD in terms of TEQs. The dl-PCB profiles were dominated by PCB 118, PCB 105, and PCB 77 in terms of concentrations and PCB 126 in terms of TEQs. The findings of this study can serve as an indicator of the potential impact of ERP on the health of the resident population and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Santa-Marina
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ziortza Barroeta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Iñaki Alvarez
- Public Health Laboratory of the Basque Government, Bizkaia Technology Park, Ibaizabal Bidea, Building 502, 48160 Derio Spain
| | - Esteban Abad
- Laboratory of Dioxins, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Ibarluzea
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Health of the Basque Government, Subdirectorate of Public Health of Gipuzkoa, Avenida Navarra 4, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20008, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nerea Urbieta
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Jimeno-Romero
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Miren Begoña Zubero
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Aitana Lertxundi
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Group of Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development, Paseo Doctor Begiristain S/n, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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7
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Alves LMF, Moutinho AB, Gómez LJ, Oropesa AL, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Lemos MFL, Fonseca VF, Cabral H, Novais SC. Evidence of contamination-associated damage in blue sharks (Prionace glauca) from the Northeast Atlantic. Sci Total Environ 2023; 872:162095. [PMID: 36791860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Top predators such as most shark species are extremely vulnerable to amassing high concentrations of contaminants, but not much is known about the effects that the contaminant body burden imparts on these animals. Species like the blue shark (Prionace glauca) are very relevant in this regard, as they have high ecological and socioeconomic value, and have the potential to act as bioindicators of pollution. This work aimed to assess if differences in contaminant body burden found in blue sharks from the Northeast Atlantic would translate into differences in stress responses. Biochemical responses related to detoxification and oxidative stress, and histological alterations were assessed in the liver and gills of 60 blue sharks previously found to have zone-related contamination differences. Similar zone-related differences were found in biomarker responses, with the sharks from the most contaminated zone exhibiting more pronounced responses. Additionally, strong positive correlations were found between contaminants (i.e., As, PCBs, and PBDEs) and relevant biomarkers (e.g., damaged DNA and protective histological alterations). The present results are indicative of the potential that this species and these tools have to be used to monitor pollution in different areas of the Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M F Alves
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Ariana B Moutinho
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Luis J Gómez
- Anatomy and Pathological Anatomy Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain; BRILiC - Biotechnology Research Institute in Livestock & Cynegetic, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Ana L Oropesa
- BRILiC - Biotechnology Research Institute in Livestock & Cynegetic, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain; Toxicology Area, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F Fonseca
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sara C Novais
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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8
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Pala N, Jiménez B, Roscales JL, Bertolino M, Baroni D, Figuerola B, Avila C, Corsolini S. First evidence of legacy chlorinated POPs bioaccumulation in Antarctic sponges from the Ross sea and the South Shetland Islands. Environ Pollut 2023; 329:121661. [PMID: 37085102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is no longer pristine due to the confirmed presence of anthropogenic contaminants like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Benthic organisms are poorly represented in contamination studies in Antarctica although they are known to bioaccumulate contaminants. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) are dominant members in Antarctic benthos, both in terms of abundance and biomass, and are an important feeding source for other organisms, playing key functional roles in benthic communities. To the best of our knowledge, legacy chlorinated POPs such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and their metabolites have never been investigated in this Phylum in Antarctica. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of PCBs, HCB, o,p'- and p,p'-DDT and their DDE and DDD isomers in 35 sponge samples, belonging to 17 different species, collected along the coast of Terra Nova Bay (Adèlie Cove and Tethys Bay, Ross Sea), and at Whalers Bay (Deception Island, South Shetland Islands) in Antarctica. Lipid content showed a significant correlation with the three pollutant classes. The overall observed pattern in the three study sites was ΣPCBs>ΣDDTs>HCB and it was found in almost every species. The ΣPCBs, ΣDDTs, and HCB ranged from 54.2 to 133.7 ng/g lipid weight (lw), from 17.5 to 38.6 ng/g lw and from 4.8 to 8.5 ng/g lw, respectively. Sponges showed contamination levels comparable to other Antarctic benthic organisms from previous studies. The comparison among sponges of the same species from different sites showed diverse patterns for PCBs only in one out of four cases. The concentration of POPs did not vary significantly among the three sites. The predominance of lower chlorinated organochlorines in the samples suggested that long-range atmospheric transportation (LRAT) could be the major driver of contamination as molecules with a high long range transport potential (e.g. low chlorinated PCBs, HCB) prevails on heavier ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pala
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Baroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Blanca Figuerola
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli, 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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9
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Alves LMF, Lemos MFL, Moutinho AB, Ceia FR, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Cabral H, Novais SC. Assessment of contaminants in blue sharks from the Northeast Atlantic: Profiles, accumulation dynamics, and risks for human consumers. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120467. [PMID: 36273690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pollution is a major threat to marine ecosystems, and top predators such as most shark species are extremely vulnerable to being exposed and accumulating contaminants such as metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This work aimed to study the degree, composition, and the sources of contamination in the blue shark (Prionace glauca) inhabiting the Northeast Atlantic, as well as the potential risk faced by human consumers. A total of 60 sharks were sampled in situ aboard fishing vessels, and the concentrations of a set of metals and POPs were analysed in various tissues and complemented with stable isotope analyses. High levels of contaminants were found in most sharks sampled. The concentrations of most metals were higher in the muscle when compared with the liver. Regarding the dangers to consumers posed by the concentrations of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), over 75% of the sharks presented muscle concentrations of at least one contaminant above the legal limits for human consumption, and a risk assessment determined that consumption of meat of these sharks exceeding 0.07 Kg per week could potentially expose human consumers to dangerous amounts of methylmercury (MeHg). Additionally, the assessment of single contaminants may lead to an underestimation of the risk for the human health. Finally, the overall accumulation of contaminants seems to be mostly influenced by the sharks' geographical distribution, rather than sex, size, or trophic level of their prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M F Alves
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Ariana B Moutinho
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Filipe R Ceia
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara C Novais
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
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10
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Bartalini A, Alves L, Lemos MF, Novais SC, Jiménez B. Occurrence and distribution of persistent organic pollutants in the liver and muscle of Atlantic blue sharks: Relevance and health risks. Environ Pollut 2022; 309:119750. [PMID: 35839970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blue shark score among the most abundant, widely distributed and worldwide consumed elasmobranchs. In this work contents of PCBs, PCDD/Fs and PBDEs were studied by means of GC-HRMS in muscle and liver of sixty blue sharks from the North East Atlantic sampled in 2019. Concentrations relatively similar were found for PCBs and PCDD/Fs in comparison with those in Atlantic specimens from the same area sampled in 2015. In contrast, PBDE loads doubled, likely mirroring the increased environmental presence of these pollutants. This, together with the different congener profiles reported for the same species in other geographical areas, highlighted the blue shark's potential as bioindicator of the degree and fingerprints of regional pollution by POPs. Interesting dissimilarities between muscle and liver concentrations were detected, most likely ascribed to distinct toxicokinetics involved for the different pollutants. Whereas most POPs preferentially accumulated in liver, some did the opposite in muscle. BDE-209 was the most prominent example, being almost negligible its presence in liver (0.3%) while accounting for ca. 14% of the total PBDE content in muscle. Different findings in this regard described for other shark species call for focused research to ascertain the role of the species in this apparent favored metabolization of BDE-209 in the liver. From a consumption perspective, the concentrations found in muscle -the most relevant part in the human diet-for PCBs and dioxin-like POPs were below the EU maximum allowed levels in foodstuff. Conversely, in liver about 58% and 78% of samples overpassed the European levels for tolerable intake of i-PCBs and dioxin POPs, respectively. Concentrations of PBDEs exceeded EQS (0.0085 ng/g w.w.) established by the European Water Framework Directive in 100% and 92% of liver and muscle samples, respectively, which adds to the open debate of such as a reduce value for this current EQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alice Bartalini
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alves
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco Fl Lemos
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Ortiz-Romero PL, Jiménez LM, Muniesa C, Estrach T, Servitje O, de Misa RF, Gallardo F, Martín OS, Riveiro-Falkenbach E, Díaz NG, Vega R, Lora D, Postigo C, Jiménez B, Sánchez-Beato M, Vaqué JP, Peralto JLR, de la Cámara AG, De la Cruz J, Pinilla MAP. Final report of PIMTO-MF clinical trial: multicenter, phase II trial for treatment of early MF with topical pimecrolimus. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, García-Álvarez N, Fernández A, Jiménez B. Global PBDE contamination in cetaceans. A critical review. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119670. [PMID: 35752394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the most relevant information on PBDEs' occurrence and their impacts in cetaceans at global scale, with special attention on the species with the highest reported levels and therefore the most potentially impacted by the current and continuous release of these substances. This review also emphasizes the anthropogenic and environmental factors that could increase concentrations and associated risks for these species in the next future. High PBDE concentrations above the toxicity threshold and stationary trends have been related to continuous import of PBDE-containing products in cetaceans of Brazil and Australia, where PBDEs have never been produced. Non-decreasing levels documented in cetaceans from the Northwest Pacific Ocean might be linked to the increased e-waste import and ongoing production and use of deca-BDE that is still allowed in China. Moreover, high levels of PBDEs in some endangered species such as beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in St. Lawrence Estuary and Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus Orca) are influenced by the discharge of contaminated waters deriving from wastewater treatment plants. Climate change related processes such as enhanced long-range transport, re-emissions from secondary sources and shifts in migration habits could lead to greater exposure and accumulation of PBDEs in cetaceans, above all in those species living in the Arctic. In addition, increased rainfall could carry greater amount of contaminants to the marine environment, thereby, enhancing the exposure and accumulation especially for coastal species. Synergic effects of all these factors and ongoing emissions of PBDEs, expected to continue at least until 2050, could increase the degree of exposure and menace for cetacean populations. In this regard, it is necessary to improve current regulations on PBDEs and broader the knowledge about their toxicological effects, in order to assess health risks and support regulatory protection for cetacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bartalini
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Unit of Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas, 35413 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Falandysz J, Jiménez B, Taniyasu S. Per- and polyfluorinated substances: An environmental update. Chemosphere 2022; 291:132876. [PMID: 34774902 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sachi Taniyasu
- Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan.
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14
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Baos R, Cabezas S, González MJ, Jiménez B, Delibes M. Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) as sentinel species for the long-term biomonitoring of the Guadiamar River after the Aznalcóllar mine spill. Sci Total Environ 2022; 802:149669. [PMID: 34525684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accidents at mines involving stored tailings have produced catastrophic environmental damage. In April 1998 the dam of the Aznalcóllar mine tailings pond in the surroundings of the Doñana National Park (southwestern Spain) broke, discharging into the Guadiamar River more than 6 million m3 of toxic mud and acidic water with high concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic. We used the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) as sentinel species to assess the potential impact of the toxic spill on the river ecosystems and their recovery with time by studying the spatial and temporal variation (1999-2003, 2006) of selected trace element (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As) concentrations in feces. Throughout the sampling period, the highest heavy metal and As levels were found in the most spill-affected reaches of the Guadiamar River (i.e., the Middle and, to a lesser extent, the Lower reaches), pointing out the mining accident as the main origin of the contamination. Overall, levels of trace elements decreased with the time elapsed since the toxic spill, except for Cd (F1,352 = 0.29, P = 0.59). However, rebounds for some elements (Pb, As, and Cu) were also observed, especially in the Middle and Lower reaches of the river, which might be attributed to the residual contamination in abiotic compartments and/or new inputs from industrial and agricultural activities in the nearby areas. Concentrations were relatively high when compared to those reported for both our reference area (Guadalete River) and other metal-polluted zones. We found that the estimated amounts of Pb and As ingested during the first years after the spill in the Guadiamar Middle reach would be high enough to cause reproductive issues. This could affect the local population recovery, although evidence on distribution range and numbers suggests otherwise, with thriving populations at regional scale. Our results support the role of otters as sentinel species for biomonitoring contaminants and thus to evaluate fluvial ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Baos
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.
| | - Sonia Cabezas
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - María José González
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes
- Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
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15
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Roscales JL, Suárez de Puga BR, Vicente A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Sánchez AI, Ros M, Jiménez B. Levels and trends of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in water (2013-2020) and fish from selected riverine basins in Spain. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131940. [PMID: 34435575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), namely perfluoroalkane sulfonates and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, in Spanish river basins in order to: identify potential spatiotemporal variations; evaluate the effectiveness of the measures implemented for the reduction/elimination of these pollutants; verify the fulfillment of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) in the European Union. PFOS and PFOA were determined in 116 water samples from four sites in the Duero basin, the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, collected seasonally from 2013 to 2020. In addition, 30 fish sample composites from the sample banks of Duero, Tagus, Ebro, Eastern Cantabrian and Catalonian basins were analyzed for 15 PFAAs. Median PFOS and PFOA concentrations were 0.72 and 0.42 ng/L, ranging from values below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 81 and 22 ng/L, respectively. During the studied period, 51% of water samples were above the EQS of 0.65 ng/L for PFOS. In the case of fish, the PFOS range was <LOQ-59 with 33% of the samples above the EQS of 9.1 ng/g wet weight. Moreover, fish from the Tagus and Catalonian basins showed median concentrations above the EQS. Particularly, fish collected around highly populated areas such as Madrid and Barcelona showed the greatest PFAA concentrations. Overall, PFAA concentrations in water and fish increased significantly with population density suggesting urban areas as their main source. Although our results suggested decreasing tendencies for PFOS and PFOA in water, significant trends only could be confirmed at two sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén R Suárez de Puga
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Sánchez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ros
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Morales P, Roscales JL, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Barbosa A, Jiménez B. Evaluation of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in two penguin species from Antarctica. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131871. [PMID: 34426291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a global threat, but impacts of these chemicals upon remote areas such as Antarctica remain unclear. Penguins can be useful species to assess the occurrence of POPs in Antarctic food webs. This work's aim was the evaluation of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in eggs of two penguin species, chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarticus) and gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), breeding in the South Shetland Islands. Results showed a common pattern in POP levels regardless of the species, characterized by a major abundance of PCBs (98 %), followed by PBDEs (1-2%) and PCDD/Fs (<1 %). Concentrations of POPs in chinstrap and gentoo penguin eggs were 482 and 3250 pg/g l.w., respectively. PCBs, PBDEs and PCDD/Fs were found at higher concentrations in chinstrap penguin eggs, being these differences significant for PBDEs. Interspecies differences in POP levels agree well with potential trophic position differences among species due to changes in prey composition and foraging areas. POP profiles were dominated by congeners with a low degree of halogenation. Our results therefore suggest similar sources of POPs in the food webs exploited by both species and in both cases attributable to the long-range transportation rather than to the presence of local sources of POPs. TEQs were found between 1.38 and 7.33 pg/g l.w. and followed the pattern non-ortho dl-PCBs > PCDFs > PCDDs > mono-ortho dl-PCBs. TEQ values were lower than the threshold level for harmful effects in birds of 210 pg/g WHO-TEQ/g l.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences of Madrid, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Melymuk L, Nizzetto PB, Harner T, White KB, Wang X, Tominaga MY, He J, Li J, Ma J, Ma WL, Aristizábal BH, Dreyer A, Jiménez B, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Odabasi M, Dumanoglu Y, Yaman B, Graf C, Sweetman A, Klánová J. Global intercomparison of polyurethane foam passive air samplers evaluating sources of variability in SVOC measurements. Environ Sci Policy 2021; 125:1-9. [PMID: 34733112 PMCID: PMC8525512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) are the most common type of passive air sampler used for a range of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including regulated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and emerging contaminants (e.g., novel flame retardants, phthalates, current-use pesticides). Data from PUF-PAS are key indicators of effectiveness of global regulatory actions on SVOCs, such as the Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. While most PUF-PAS use similar double-dome metal shielding, there is no standardized dome size, shape, or deployment configuration, with many different PUF-PAS designs used in regional and global monitoring. Yet, no information is available on the comparability of data from studies using different PUF-PAS designs. We brought together 12 types of PUF-PAS used by different research groups around the world and deployed them in a multi-part intercomparison to evaluate the variability in reported concentrations introduced by different elements of PAS monitoring. PUF-PAS were deployed for 3 months in outdoor air in Kjeller, Norway in 2015-2016 in three phases to capture (1) the influence of sampler design on data comparability, (2) the influence of analytical variability when samplers are analyzed at different laboratories, and (3) the overall variability in global monitoring data introduced by differences in sampler configurations and analytical methods. Results indicate that while differences in sampler design (in particular, the spacing between the upper and lower sampler bowls) account for up to 50 % differences in masses collected by samplers, the variability introduced by analysis in different laboratories far exceeds this amount, resulting in differences spanning orders of magnitude for POPs and PAHs. The high level of variability due to analysis in different laboratories indicates that current SVOC air sampling data (i.e., not just for PUF-PAS but likely also for active air sampling) are not directly comparable between laboratories/monitoring programs. To support on-going efforts to mobilize more SVOC data to contribute to effectiveness evaluation, intercalibration exercises to account for uncertainties in air sampling, repeated at regular intervals, must be established to ensure analytical comparability and avoid biases in global-scale assessments of SVOCs in air caused by differences in laboratory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Xianyu Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Beatriz H. Aristizábal
- Hydraulic Engineering and Environmental Research Group (GTAIHA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Annekatrin Dreyer
- Eurofins GfA GmbH (Now Operating Under the Name ANECO Institut für Umweltschutz GmbH & Co), Germany
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Dumanoglu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Baris Yaman
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Carola Graf
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK
| | | | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Casas G, Martinez-Varela A, Vila-Costa M, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Rain Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:12961-12972. [PMID: 34553911 PMCID: PMC8495897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scavenging of gas- and aerosol-phase organic pollutants by rain is an efficient wet deposition mechanism of organic pollutants. However, whereas snow has been identified as a key amplification mechanism of fugacities in cold environments, rain has received less attention in terms of amplification of organic pollutants. In this work, we provide new measurements of concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), organophosphate esters (OPEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rain from Antarctica, showing high scavenging ratios. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previously published concentrations in air and rain was performed, with 46 works covering different climatic regions and a wide range of chemical classes, including PFAS, OPEs, PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine compounds, polybromodiphenyl ethers, and dioxins. The rain-aerosol (KRP) and rain-gas (KRG) partition constants averaged 105.5 and 104.1, respectively, but showed large variability. The high field-derived values of KRG are consistent with adsorption onto the raindrops as a scavenging mechanism, in addition to gas-water absorption. The amplification of fugacities by rain deposition was up to 3 orders of magnitude for all chemical classes and was comparable to that due to snow. The amplification of concentrations and fugacities by rain underscores its relevance, explaining the occurrence of organic pollutants in environments across different climatic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Casas
- Institute
of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
- Department
of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research
Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alícia Martinez-Varela
- Institute
of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute
of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department
of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research
Council (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute
of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
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19
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Castro-Jiménez J, Bănaru D, Chen CT, Jiménez B, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Deviller G, Sempéré R. Persistent Organic Pollutants Burden, Trophic Magnification and Risk in a Pelagic Food Web from Coastal NW Mediterranean Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9557-9568. [PMID: 33751890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The storage capacity, trophic magnification and risk of sixty-two POPs have been evaluated in a well-characterized pelagic food web (including phytoplankton, zooplankton, six fish, and two cephalopods species) from an impacted area in NW Mediterranean Sea. Our results show the high capacity of the planktonic compartment for the storage of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), consistent with their estimated low trophic magnification factors (TMF) of 0.2-2.0 (PBDEs) and of 0.3-1.1 (PCDD/Fs). ∑PBDEs dominated in the zooplankton size-class 200-1000 μm (∼330 ng g-1 lw, median), whereas ∑PCDD/Fs accumulated preferentially in phytoplankton size-class 0.7-200 μm (875 pg g-1 lw, median). In contrast, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were preferentially bioaccumulated in the higher trophic levels (six fish species and two cephalopods) with TMFs = 0.8-3.9, reaching median concentrations of 4270 and 3140 ng g-1 lw (∑PCBs) in Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) and chub mackerel (Scomber colias), respectively. For these edible species, the estimated weekly intakes of dioxin-like POPs for humans based on national consumption standards overpassed the EU tolerable weekly intake. Moreover, the concentrations of nondioxin-like PCBs in S. sarda were above the EU maximum levels in foodstuffs, pointing to a risk. No risk evidence was found due to consumption of all other edible species studied, neither for PBDEs. The integrated burden of POPs in the food web reached ∼18 μg g-1 lw, representing a dynamic stock of toxic organic chemicals in the study area. We show that the characterized food web could be a useful and comprehensive "bioindicator" of the chemical pollution status of the study area, opening new perspectives for the monitoring of toxic chemicals in Mediterranean coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castro-Jiménez
- Aix-Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
- IFREMER, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants (LBCO), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311, Nantes, Cedex 3 France
| | - Daniela Bănaru
- Aix-Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Chia-Ting Chen
- Aix-Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Geneviève Deviller
- DERAC, Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals, 104 Grande Rue, 44240, Sucé-sur-Erdre, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille Univ., University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
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20
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Rajan S, Rex KR, Pasupuleti M, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Chakraborty P. Soil concentrations, compositional profiles, sources and bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins/furans, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in open municipal dumpsites of Chennai city, India. Waste Manag 2021; 131:331-340. [PMID: 34218066 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the release of halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with open burning of municipal solid waste. Considering soil as a sink for such organic contaminants, we conducted an in-depth study on the surface soil concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and sixteen USEPA enlisted PAHs collected from thirteen zones of the two major municipal dumpsites, Kodungaiyur dumpsite (KDS) and Perungudi dumpsite (PDS) of Chennai city. Indigenous microbes from dumpsite soil samples were isolated and identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Using indigenous microbes, we have elucidated the bioavailability of the targeted organic pollutants for each site.Range of Σ17PCDD/Fs, Σ25PCBs and ∑16PAHs varied between 3.96-612 pg/g (96.0 pg/g; median), ND-182 ng/g (6.35 ng/g; median) and 0.62-3649 ng/g (64.3 ng/g; median), respectively. All the dumpsite samples showed bioavailability for POPs and PAHs. Toxicity equivalent values (TEQs) associated with dioxin-like PCBs and PCDD/Fs from the zones where dumped municipal solid wastes were collected from electronic-waste/IT-corridor/port areas and toxic PAHs from the zone receiving wastes from the industrial corridor of the city were higher than the soil permissible limit prescribed by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sancho Rajan
- Department of Civil Engineering and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - K Ronnie Rex
- Department of Civil Engineering and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering and SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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21
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Corsolini S, Metzdorff A, Baroni D, Roscales JL, Jiménez B, Cerro-Gálvez E, Dachs J, Galbán-Malagón C, Audy O, Kohoutek J, Přibylova P, Poblete-Morales M, Avendaño-Herrera R, Bergami E, Pozo K. Legacy and novel flame retardants from indoor dust in Antarctica: Sources and human exposure. Environ Res 2021; 196:110344. [PMID: 33068585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The air humidity in Antarctica is very low and this peculiar weather parameter make the use of flame retardants in research facilities highly needed for safety reasons, as fires are a major risk. Legacy and novel flame retardants (nFRs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), Dechlorane Plus (DP), and other nFRs were measured in indoor dust samples collected at research Stations in Antarctica: Gabriel de Castilla, Spain (GCS), Julio Escudero, Chile (JES), and onboard the RRS James Clark Ross, United Kingdom (RRS JCR). The GC-HRMS and LC-MS-MS analyses of dust samples revealed ∑7PBDEs of 41.5 ± 43.8 ng/g in rooms at GCS, 18.7 ± 11.6 ng/g at JES, and 27.2 ± 37.9 ng/g onboard the RRS JCR. PBDE pattern was different between the sites and most abundant congeners were BDE-183 (40%) at GCS, BDE-99 (50%) at JES, and BDE-153 (37%) onboard the RRS JCR. The ∑(4)HBCDs were 257 ± 407 ng/g, 14.9 ± 14.5 ng/g, and 761 ± 1043 ng/g in indoor dust collected in rooms at GCS, JES, and RRS JCR, respectively. The ∑9nFRs were 224 ± 178 ng/g at GCS, 14.1 ± 13.8 ng/g at JES, and 194 ± 392 ng/g on the RRS JCR. Syn- and anti-DP were detected in most of the samples and both isomers showed the highest concentrations at GCS: 163 ± 93.6 and 48.5 ± 61.1 ng/g, respectively. The laboratory and living room showed the highest concentration of HBCDs, DPs, BTBPE. The wide variations in FR levels in dust from the three research facilities and between differently used rooms reflect the different origin of furnishing, building materials and equipment. The potential health risk associated to a daily exposure via dust ingestion was assessed for selected FRs: BDEs 47, 99, and 153, α-, β-, and γ-HBCD, BTBPE, syn- and anti-DP. Although the estimated exposures are below the available reference doses, caution is needed given the expected increasing use of novel chemicals without a comprehensive toxicological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy.
| | - América Metzdorff
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Davide Baroni
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de La Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cerro-Gálvez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC-Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC-Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- Centre for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias de La Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avda. República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matias Poblete-Morales
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Quillota # 980, 2520000, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de La Vida, Quillota # 980, 2520000, Viña Del Mar, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 2520000, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - Elisa Bergami
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Via P. A. Mattioli 4, University of Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur #1457, Concepción, Chile
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22
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Cazares S, Barrios JA, Maya C, Velásquez G, Pérez M, Jiménez B, Román A. Digital microscopic image application (DMIA), an automatic method for particle size distribution analysis in waste activated sludge. Water Sci Technol 2021; 83:2437-2451. [PMID: 34032621 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An important physical property in environmental samples is particle size distribution. Several processes exist to measure particle diameter, including change in electrical resistance, blocking of light, the fractionation of field flow and laser diffraction (these being the most commonly used). However, their use requires expensive and complex equipment. Therefore, a digital microscopic imaging application (DMIA) method was developed adapting the algorithms used in the helminth egg automatic detector software coupled with a neural network (NN) and Bayesian algorithms. This allowed the determination of particle size distribution in samples of waste activated sludge (WAS), recirculated sludge (RCS), and pre-treated sludge (PTS). The recirculation and electro-oxidation pre-treatment processes showed an effect in increasing the degree of solubilization, decreasing particle size and breakage factor with ranges between 44.29%, and 31.89%. Together with a final NN calibration process, it was possible to compare results. For example, the 90th percentile of equivalent diameter value obtained by the DMIA with the corresponding result for the laser diffraction method. DMIA values: 228.76 μm (WAS), 111.18 μm (RCS), and 84.45 μm (PTS). DMIA processing has advantages in terms of reducing complexity, cost and time, and offers an alternative to the laser diffraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cazares
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México E-mail:
| | - J A Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México E-mail:
| | - C Maya
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México E-mail:
| | - G Velásquez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México E-mail:
| | - M Pérez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México E-mail:
| | - B Jiménez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México E-mail:
| | - A Román
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Circuito Escolar S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México E-mail:
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23
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Burillo J, Fernández-Rhodes M, Piquero M, López-Alvarado P, Menéndez JC, Jiménez B, González-Blanco C, Marqués P, Guillén C, Benito M. Human amylin aggregates release within exosomes as a protective mechanism in pancreatic β cells: Pancreatic β-hippocampal cell communication. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1868:118971. [PMID: 33515645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are essential in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis during the progression to type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), generating compensatory hyperinsulinemia to counteract insulin resistance. It is well known, that throughout the process there is an increased mTORC1 signaling pathway, with an impairment in different quality control systems including ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. In addition, under this situation, pancreatic β cells start to accumulate amylin protein (IAPP) in aggregates, and this accumulation contributes to the failure of autophagy, damaging different organelles such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and others. Here, we report that IAPP can be incorporated to multivesicular bodies (MVB) and secreted into exosomes, a mechanism responsible for the exportation of these toxic aggregates as vehicles of cell to cell communication. On this regard, we have demonstrated that the exosomes bearing toxic hIAPP released from pancreatic β cells are capable to induce hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling, a failure in the autophagic cellular quality control, and favor pro-fission status of the mitochondrial dynamics in hippocampal cells. In summary, our results show that harmful accumulation of hIAPP in pancreatic β cells may be detoxified by the release of exosomes, which may be captured by endocytosis mechanism damaging neuronal hippocampal cells, which suggest an underlying molecular mechanism to the link between type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burillo
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; MOIR2: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance, General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), Spain
| | - M Fernández-Rhodes
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Piquero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - P López-Alvarado
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Menéndez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - C González-Blanco
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Marqués
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Guillén
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; MOIR2: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance, General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), Spain.
| | - M Benito
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; MOIR2: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance, General Direction of Universities and Investigation (CCMM), Spain
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24
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Casas G, Martínez-Varela A, Roscales JL, Vila-Costa M, Dachs J, Jiménez B. Enrichment of perfluoroalkyl substances in the sea-surface microlayer and sea-spray aerosols in the Southern Ocean. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115512. [PMID: 32892018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sea-spray (or sea-salt) aerosol (SSA) formation and their subsequent atmospheric transport and deposition have been suggested to play a prominent role in the occurrence of ionizable perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the maritime Antarctica and other remote regions. However, field studies on SSA's role as vector of transport of PFAS are lacking. Following a multiphase approach, seawater (SW), the sea-surface microlayer (SML) and SSA were sampled simultaneously at South Bay (Livingston Island, Antarctica). Average PFAS concentrations were 313 pg L-1, 447 pg L-1, and 0.67 pg m-3 in SW, the SML and SSA, respectively. The enrichment factors of PFAS in the SML and SSA ranged between 1.2 and 5, and between 522 and 4690, respectively. This amplification of concentrations in the SML is consistent with the surfactant properties of PFAS, while the large enrichment of PFAS in atmospheric SSA may be facilitated by the large surface area of SSA and the sorption of PFAS to aerosol organic matter. This is the first field work assessing the simultaneous occurrence of PFAS in SW, the SML and SSA. The large measured amplification of concentrations in marine aerosols supports the role of SSA as a relevant vector for long-range atmospheric transport of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Casas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alícia Martínez-Varela
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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25
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Saini A, Harner T, Chinnadhurai S, Schuster JK, Yates A, Sweetman A, Aristizabal-Zuluaga BH, Jiménez B, Manzano CA, Gaga EO, Stevenson G, Falandysz J, Ma J, Miglioranza KSB, Kannan K, Tominaga M, Jariyasopit N, Rojas NY, Amador-Muñoz O, Sinha R, Alani R, Suresh R, Nishino T, Shoeib T. GAPS-megacities: A new global platform for investigating persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern in urban air. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115416. [PMID: 32854027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A pilot study was initiated in 2018 under the Global Atmospheric Passive Sampling (GAPS) Network named GAPS-Megacities. This study included 20 megacities/major cities across the globe with the goal of better understanding and comparing ambient air levels of persistent organic pollutants and other chemicals of emerging concern, to which humans residing in large cities are exposed. The first results from the initial period of sampling are reported for 19 cities for several classes of flame retardants (FRs) including organophosphate esters (OPEs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) including new flame retardants (NFRs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD). The two cities, New York (USA) and London (UK) stood out with ∼3.5 to 30 times higher total FR concentrations as compared to other major cities, with total concentrations of OPEs of 15,100 and 14,100 pg/m3, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of OPEs significantly dominated the FR profile at all sites, with total concentrations in air that were 2-5 orders of magnitude higher compared to other targeted chemical classes. A moderately strong and significant correlation (r = 0.625, p < 0.001) was observed for Gross Domestic Product index of the cities with total OPEs levels. Although large differences in FR levels were observed between some cities, when averaged across the five United Nations regions, the FR classes were more evenly distributed and varied by less than a factor of five. Results for Toronto, which is a 'reference city' for this study, agreed well with a more in-depth investigation of the level of FRs over different seasons and across eight sites representing different urban source sectors (e.g. traffic, industrial, residential and background). Future sampling periods under this project will investigate trace metals and other contaminant classes, linkages to toxicology, non-targeted analysis, and eventually temporal trends. The study provides a unique urban platform for evaluating global exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Saini
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada.
| | - Tom Harner
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Sita Chinnadhurai
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Jasmin K Schuster
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, M3H5T4, Canada
| | - Alan Yates
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Andrew Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, K LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos A Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eftade O Gaga
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gavin Stevenson
- Australian Ultra-Trace Laboratory, National Measurement Institute, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jianmin Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | | | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, United States
| | - Maria Tominaga
- Sao Paulo State Environmental Company, Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr, 345, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Narumol Jariyasopit
- Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | | | - Omar Amador-Muñoz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ravindra Sinha
- IJRC-PTS, Department of Zoology, Patna University, Patna, 800 005, Bihar, India
| | - Rose Alani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R Suresh
- Centre for Environmental Studies, The Energy and Resources Institute, Indian Habitat Centre, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Takahiro Nishino
- Tokyo Metropolitan Research Institute for Environmental Protection 1-7-5, Sinsuna Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamer Shoeib
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Baini M, Panti C, Galli M, Giani D, Fossi MC, Jiménez B. Relevance of current PCB concentrations in edible fish species from the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Total Environ 2020; 737:139520. [PMID: 32531508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Legal restrictions and bans have led to a steady decrease in PCB environmental concentrations. Yet, in recent years PCBs have been found at very high levels in the Mediterranean Sea, for instance, in some apex predators. This work aimed to investigate current PCB (eighteen congeners: #28,52,77,81,101,105,114,118,123,126,138,153,156,157,167,169,180,189) concentrations in the Mediterranean Sea and their relevance today, focusing on their occurrence in edible fish species typically consumed in the Mediterranean diet. In spring 2017, a total of 48 fish samples from the Northern Thyrrenian Sea were collected: 16 specimens of sardine (Sardina pilchardus), 16 of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and 16 of bogue (Boops boops). PCBs were quantified in the muscle of the animals by means of GC-QqQ-MS. They were found in all samples at the greatest concentrations (ng/g w.w.) in sardine (4.15-17.9, range), and very similar values between anchovy (1.01-7.08) and bogue (1.46-7.22). WHO-TEQ PCB values followed the same order, i.e. sardine (0.410-1.24, range in pg/g w.w.) > anchovy (0.0778-0.396) ~ bogue (0.0726-0.268). These concentrations lied below the European limits of 75 ng/g (w.w.) for the six indicator PCBs and 6.5 pg/g WHO-TEQ for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in muscle meat of fish. Additionally, estimated weekly intakes (EWI, in pg WHO-TEQ/Kg/week) for sardine (1.2), anchovy (0.29) and bogue (0.35) scored below the safe value proposed by EFSA of 2 pg WHO-TEQ/Kg/week. When comparing with data reported for the same species in previous Mediterranean studies, values found here were lower than those surveyed in the late 90s and early 2000s; however, they were often not notably different from concentrations reported in last years. This builds up on the concept of a current slow decrease of PCBs in the Mediterranean Sea, likely linked to new inputs and/or remobilization of burdens, and reinforces the need of continous monitoring of these legacy contaminants still ubiquitous today.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bartalini
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy; Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Baini
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - C Panti
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - M Galli
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - D Giani
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - M C Fossi
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
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Jiménez B, Maya C, Velásquez G, Barrios JA, Perez M, Román A. Helminth Egg Automatic Detector (HEAD): Improvements in development for digital identification and quantification of helminth eggs and their application online. Exp Parasitol 2020; 217:107959. [PMID: 32795471 PMCID: PMC7526613 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Helminths are parasitic worms that constitute a major public health problem. Conventional analytical techniques to evaluate helminth eggs in environmental samples rely on different steps, namely sedimentation, filtration, centrifugation, and flotation, to separate the eggs from a variety of particles and concentrate them in a pellet for direct observation under an optical microscope. To improve this process, a new approach was implemented in which various image processing algorithms were developed and implemented by a Helminth Egg Automatic Detector (HEAD). This allowed identification and quantification of pathogenic helminth eggs of global medical importance and it was found to be useful for relatively clean wastewater samples. After the initial version, two improvements were developed: first, a texture verification process that reduced the number of false positive results; and second, the establishment of the optimal thresholds (morphology and texture) for each helminth egg species. This second implementation, which was found to improve on the results of the former, was developed with the objective of using free software as a platform for the system. This does not require the purchase of a license, unlike the previous version that required a Mathworks® license to run. After an internal statistical verification of the system was carried out, trials in internationally recognized microbiology laboratories were performed with the aim of reinforcing software training and developing a web-based system able to receive images and perform the analysis throughout a web service. Once completed, these improvements represented a useful and cheap tool that could be used by environmental monitoring facilities and laboratories throughout the world; this tool is capable of identifying and quantifying different species of helminth eggs in otherwise difficult environmental samples: wastewater, soil, biosolids, excreta, and sludge, with a sensitivity and specificity for the TensorFlow (TF) model in the web service values of 96.82% and 97.96% respectively. Additionally, in the case of Ascaris, it may even differentiate between fertile and non-fertile eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jiménez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, P.O. Box 70-186, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
| | - C Maya
- Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, P.O. Box 70-186, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
| | - G Velásquez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, P.O. Box 70-186, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
| | - J A Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, P.O. Box 70-186, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
| | - M Perez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, P.O. Box 70-186, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
| | - A Román
- Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, P.O. Box 70-186, México, D.F., 04510, Mexico.
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Mukhopadhyay M, Sampath S, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Jiménez B, Chakraborty P. Plasticizers and bisphenol A in Adyar and Cooum riverine sediments, India: occurrences, sources and risk assessment. Environ Geochem Health 2020; 42:2789-2802. [PMID: 31974692 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adyar and Cooum, the two rivers intersecting Chennai city, are exposed to serious pollution due to the release of large quantities of dumped waste, untreated wastewater and sewage. Sediments can act as repository for emerging organic contaminants. Hence, we have monitored the occurrence and risk associated with plasticizers [six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), bis(2-ethyl hexyl adipate) (DEHA)] and bisphenol A (BPA) in surface riverine sediments of Adyar and Cooum rivers from residential/commercial, industrial and electronic waste recycling sites. Σ7plasticizers (PAEs + DEHA) in the Adyar riverine sediment (ARS) and Cooum riverine sediment (CRS) varied between 51.82-1796 and 28.13-856 ng/g, respectively. More than three-fourth of Σ7plasticizers came from bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), in accordance with the high production and usage of this compound. BPA varied between 10.70-2026 and 7.58-1398 ng/g in ARS and CRS, respectively. Average concentrations of plasticizers and BPA were four times higher in electronic waste (e-waste) recycling sites when compared with industrial and residential/commercial sites. BPA and DEHP showed a strong and significant correlation (R2 = 0.7; p < 0.01) in the e-waste sites thereby indicating common source types. Sites present at close proximity to raw sewage pumping stations contributed to 70% of the total BPA observed in this study. For the derived pore water concentration of plasticizers and BPA, the ecotoxicological risk has been found to be higher in ARS over CRS. However, sediment concentrations in all the sites of ARS and CRS were much below the recommended serious risk concentration for human (SRChuman) and serious risk concentration for ecotoxicological (SRCeco).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitraiyee Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Srimurali Sampath
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Capanni F, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Marsili L, Fossi MC, Jiménez B. Assessment of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and PBDEs in Mediterranean striped dolphins. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 156:111207. [PMID: 32510364 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-accumulation of high levels of persistent organic pollutants represent a serious conservation concern for Mediterranean marine odontocetes. In this study, blubber samples from 10 striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Italian coasts during 2015-2016 were analyzed. All specimens showed dl-PCBs > PBDEs ≫ PCDD/Fs. Median concentrations were 1820 ng/g l.w., 456 ng/g l.w. and 23.9 pg/g l.w., respectively. dl-PCBs accounted for 93.3% of total TEQs. PBDE concentrations suggest that the Mediterranean basin may be considered a hotspot for organobromine compounds. OCDD did not represent the greatest contributor to PCDD/Fs profile, most likely due to a change in dioxin environmental sources in the last two-three decades. Despite international regulations, the present study emphasized that POP exposure levels in Mediterranean striped dolphins have not declined significantly in recent years. Toxicological and risk assessment studies on this sentinel species may provide an early indication of potential adverse health effects on Mediterranean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capanni
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Cristina Fossi
- Dept. Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Dept. Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Robles I, Becerra E, Barrios JA, Maya C, Jiménez B, Rodríguez-Valadez FJ, Rivera F, García-Espinoza JD, Godínez LA. Inactivation of helminth eggs in an electro-Fenton reactor: Towards full electrochemical disinfection of human waste using activated carbon. Chemosphere 2020; 250:126260. [PMID: 32105860 PMCID: PMC7221348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The disinfection of helminth eggs and Escherichia coli contaminated aqueous solutions, was studied using an electro-Fenton reactor equipped with a polarized activated carbon (AC) packed bed and two chambers loaded with cation exchange resins. Experiments using different arrangements and operation conditions, revealed that effective elimination of Escherichia coli takes place in all electrochemical disinfection tests. For the more resistant helminth eggs however, adsorption, electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton experiments showed retention within the reactor and pathogen inactivation values of 0, 16, and 25%, respectively. Using helminth eggs concentration data in different sections of the reactor, optical microscopy analysis and an exploratory computer simulation, differences in the disinfection performance were explained and new recirculation and flow direction and polarization switching operation schemes were defined. The corresponding experiments revealed that the effective coupling between adsorption and electro-Fenton phenomena, all along the AC packed bed compartment, results in 100% inactivation of helminth eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Robles
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Becerra
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - J A Barrios
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - C Maya
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - B Jiménez
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Valadez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Josué D García-Espinoza
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis A Godínez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, 76703, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico.
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García-Romero N, Palacín-Aliana I, Madurga R, Carrión-Navarro J, Esteban-Rubio S, Jiménez B, Collazo A, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Ortiz de Mendivil A, Fernández-Carballal C, García-Duque S, Diamantopoulos-Fernández J, Belda-Iniesta C, Prat-Acín R, Sánchez-Gómez P, Calvo E, Ayuso-Sacido A. Bevacizumab dose adjustment to improve clinical outcomes of glioblastoma. BMC Med 2020; 18:142. [PMID: 32564774 PMCID: PMC7310142 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and vascularized brain tumors in adults, with a median survival of 20.9 months. In newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM, bevacizumab demonstrated an increase in progression-free survival, but not in overall survival. METHODS We conducted an in silico analysis of VEGF expression, in a cohort of 1082 glioma patients. Then, to determine whether appropriate bevacizumab dose adjustment could increase the anti-angiogenic response, we used in vitro and in vivo GBM models. Additionally, we analyzed VEGFA expression in tissue, serum, and plasma in a cohort of GBM patients before and during bevacizumab treatment. RESULTS We identified that 20% of primary GBM did not express VEGFA suggesting that these patients would probably not respond to bevacizumab therapy as we proved in vitro and in vivo. We found that a specific dose of bevacizumab calculated based on VEGFA expression levels increases the response to treatment in cell culture and serum samples from mice bearing GBM tumors. Additionally, in a cohort of GBM patients, we observed a correlation of VEGFA levels in serum, but not in plasma, with bevacizumab treatment performance. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that bevacizumab dose adjustment could improve clinical outcomes in Glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N García-Romero
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - I Palacín-Aliana
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Atrys Health, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - R Madurga
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - J Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain.,Fundación Vithas, Vithas Hospitals, Madrid, 28043, Spain.,Formerly: Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Esteban-Rubio
- Formerly: Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Jiménez
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Collazo
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Pérez-Rodríguez
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Fernández-Carballal
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - S García-Duque
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C Belda-Iniesta
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Prat-Acín
- Departamento de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Sánchez-Gómez
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Calvo
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,START Madrid-CIOCC, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain. .,Fundación Vithas, Vithas Hospitals, Madrid, 28043, Spain. .,Formerly: Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain. .,Formerly: Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain. .,Formerly: Facultad de Medicina (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain.
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Corrochano M, Jiménez B, Millón J, Gich I, Rambla M, Gil E, Caparrós P, Macho R, Souto JC. Patient self-management of oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists in everyday practice: clinical outcomes in a single centre cohort after long-term follow-up. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:166. [PMID: 32276619 PMCID: PMC7146979 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient self-management (PSM) of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) seems a very promising model of care for oral anticoagulation in terms of efficacy and safety. In comparison with other management models of VKA therapy, the number of scientific publications supporting the advantages of PSM is more limited. Currently, most of the scarce information comes from randomized clinical trials. Moreover, a small number of studies have assessed PSM of VKA therapy in real life conditions. Methods We analyzed clinical outcomes of 927 patients in a single center (6018.6 patient-years of follow-up). Recruitment took place between 2002 and 2017. All patients followed a structured training program, conducted by specialized nurses. Results Fifty percent of individuals had a mechanical heart valve (MHV), 23% suffered from recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) or high-risk thrombophilia, and 13% received VKA therapy because of atrial fibrillation (AF). Median follow-up was 6.5 years (range 0.1–15.97 years), median age was 58.1 years (IQR 48–65.9) and 46.5% were women. The incidence of major complications (either hemorrhagic or thromboembolic) was 1.87% patient-years (pt-ys) with a 95% CI of 1.54–2.27. The incidence of major thromboembolic events was 0.86% pt-ys (95% CI 0.64–1.13) and that of major hemorrhagic events was 1.01% pt-ys (95% CI 0.77–1.31). The incidence of intracranial bleeding was 0.22% pt-ys (95% CI 0.12–0.38). In terms of clinical indication for VKA therapy, the incidence of total major complications was 2.4% pt-ys, 2.0% pt-ys, 0.9% pt-ys and 1.34% pt-ys for MHV, AF, VTE and other (including valvulopathies and myocardiopathies), respectively. Clinical outcomes were worse in patients with multiple comorbidities, previous major complications during conventional VKA therapy, and in older individuals. The percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR) was available in 861 (93%) patients. Overall, the mean (SD) of TTR was 63.6 ± 13.4%, being higher in men (66.2 ± 13.1%) than women (60.6 ± 13.2%), p < 0.05. Conclusions In terms of clinically relevant outcomes (incidence of major complications and mortality), PSM in real life setting seems to be a very good alternative in properly trained patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corrochano
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - B Jiménez
- Institut de Recerca. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Millón
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Gich
- Clinical Epidemiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Rambla
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Gil
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Caparrós
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Macho
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Souto
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Cerro-Gálvez E, Roscales JL, Jiménez B, Sala MM, Dachs J, Vila-Costa M. Microbial responses to perfluoroalkyl substances and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) desulfurization in the Antarctic marine environment. Water Res 2020; 171:115434. [PMID: 31927092 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) acids are ubiquitous in the oceans, including remote regions, and are toxic to fish and mammals. The impact to the lowest trophic levels of the food web, however, remains unknown. We challenged natural bacterial communities inhabiting Antarctic coastal waters (Deception Island) with PFOS and PFOA concentrations ranging from 2 ng/L to 600 ng/L that selected for tolerant taxa. After 48 h, concentrations of PFOS decreased by more than 50% and sulfur metabolism-related transcripts were significantly enriched in the treatments suggesting desulfurization of PFOS. Conversely, no significant differences were found between initial and final PFOA concentrations. Gammaproteobacteria and Roseobacter, two abundant groups of marine bacteria, increased their relative activity after 24 h of incubation, whereas Flavobacteriia became the main contributor in the treatments after 6 days. Community activities (extracellular enzyme activity and absolute number of transcripts) were higher in the treatments than in the controls, while bacterial abundances were lower in the treatments, suggesting a selection of PFOS and PFOA tolerant community in the exposed treatments. Our results show a direct effect of PFOS and PFOA exposure on the composition and functionality of natural Antarctic marine microbial communities. While no evidence of defluorination of PFOS or PFOA was detected, probable desulfurization of PFOS depicts a direct link with the sulfur biogeochemistry of the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cerro-Gálvez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Montserrat Sala
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain.
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Maya C, Pérez M, Velásquez G, Barrios JA, Román A, Jiménez B. Quick incubation process to determine inactivation of Ascaris and Toxocara eggs. Water Sci Technol 2019; 80:2328-2337. [PMID: 32245924 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Helminth eggs are among the most important biological contaminants in environmental engineering. They pose a significant health risk associated with poor sanitation, the use of contaminated water for irrigation, and the disposal of excreta or sludge to land. Helminths are parasitic worms transmitted to humans via their eggs, which is the infective stage of their life cycle. They are therefore relevant to public health and environmental fields due to their low infectious dose, their persistence in the environment (up to several years), and their high resistance to conventional disinfection processes. The evaluation of the efficiency of any process of inactivation, through the determination of the viability of these parasites, is fundamental, but the traditional incubation technique requires 20 days to determine both the viability and the infectivity of nematode eggs. However, the present study found that, using an inactivation process at a temperature of 60 °C for 1 hour and incubation at 28 °C and 34 °C, the absence of division of the nucleus of eggs of species from two genera, Ascaris lumbricoides and Toxocara canis, showed them to be inactivated following only 48 hours of incubation. Similar inactivation results were observed using an automatic system as long as the eggs were inactivated. The minimum time required to evaluate the inactivation of nematode eggs through the incubation technique was 48 hours.
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González-Gaya B, Casal P, Jurado E, Dachs J, Jiménez B. Vertical transport and sinks of perfluoroalkyl substances in the global open ocean. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2019; 21:1957-1969. [PMID: 31393489 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the open ocean has been previously documented, but their vertical transport and oceanic sinks have not been comprehensively characterized and quantified at the oceanic scale. During the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation expedition, 21 PFAS were measured at the surface and at the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. In this work, we report an extended data set of PFAS dissolved phase concentrations at the DCM. ∑PFAS at the DCM varied from 130 to 11 000 pg L-1, with a global average value of 500 pg L-1. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) abundance contributed 39% of ∑PFAS, followed by perfluorodecanoate (PFDA, 17%), and perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA, 12%). The relative contribution of the remaining compounds was below 10%, with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) contributing only 5% to PFAS measured at the DCM. Estimates of vertical diffusivity, derived from microstructure turbulence observations in the upper (<300 m) water column, allowed the derivation of PFAS eddy diffusive fluxes from concurrent field measurements of eddy diffusivity and PFAS concentrations. The PFAS concentrations at the DCM predicted from an eddy diffusivity model were lower than field-measured concentrations, suggesting a relevant role of other vertical transport mechanisms. Settling fluxes of organic matter bound PFAS (biological pump), oceanic circulation and potential, yet un-reported, biological transformations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén González-Gaya
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. and Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and Department of Analytical Chemistry, Plentzia Marine Station of the University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Areatza Pasealekua 47, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Paulo Casal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Jurado
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and Engineering Department, La Salle Campus Barcelona, Ramon Llull University (URL), Sant Joan de la Salle, 42, 08022 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Roscales JL, Vicente A, Ryan PG, González-Solís J, Jiménez B. Spatial and Interspecies Heterogeneity in Concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Seabirds of the Southern Ocean. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:9855-9865. [PMID: 31385515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the main factors driving the exposure of Southern Ocean seabirds to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) across a wide geographic range. Five perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs, C4-12), 10 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs, C4-13), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) were analyzed in plasma (n = 128) from eight species, including penguins, giant petrels, skuas, albatrosses, and shearwaters, breeding at four sites in the Antarctic, sub-Antarctic, and adjacent cool-temperate regions. Mean ∑PFAS concentrations ranged from 0.53 to 53 ng/g wet weight from black-browed albatross to giant petrels, respectively. As expected due to biomagnification, greater concentrations of most PFASs were found in species near the top of marine food webs such as giant petrels. However, our results suggest that other factors, i.e., metabolic capabilities and spatial movements, can mask interspecies differences in PFASs, especially PFCAs, expected from trophic structure. For instance, trans-equatorial migratory seabirds exhibited PFAS levels and profiles that are consistent with northern hemisphere exposure, reflecting their potential biovector role in the global transport of these pollutants. Among resident species, greater concentrations of PFASs, especially long-chain PFCAs, were found in seabirds breeding or foraging north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) than in those restricted to Antarctic/sub-Antarctic distributions. Moreover, composition profiles of PFAS in Antarctic seabirds agree well with those expected from long-range transport. Our results confirm the importance of the ACC in protecting Antarctic food webs from water-phase-transported PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry , CSIC (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , Madrid , Spain 28006
| | - Alba Vicente
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry , CSIC (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , Madrid , Spain 28006
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Evolutiva , Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, University of Barcelona , Av. Diagonal 643 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry , CSIC (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3 , Madrid , Spain 28006
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Casal P, Casas G, Vila-Costa M, Cabrerizo A, Pizarro M, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Snow Amplification of Persistent Organic Pollutants at Coastal Antarctica. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:8872-8882. [PMID: 31298532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been reported in polar regions, and act as sentinels of global pollution. Maritime Antarctica is recipient of abundant snow precipitation. Snow scavenges air pollutants, and after snow melting, it can induce an unquantified and poorly understood amplification of concentrations of POPs. Air, snow, the fugacity in soils and snow, seawater and plankton were sampled concurrently from late spring to late summer at Livingston Island (Antarctica). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations in snow and air were close to equilibrium. POPs in soils showed concentrations close to soil-air equilibrium or net volatilization depending on chemical volatility. Seawater-air fugacity ratios were highly correlated with the product of the snow-air partition coefficient and the Henry's law constant (KSA H'), a measure of snow amplification of fugacity. Therefore, coastal seawater mirrored the PCB congener profile and increased concentrations in snowmelt due to snowpack releasing POPs to seawater. The influence of snowpack and glacier inputs was further evidenced by the correlation between net volatilization fluxes of PCBs and seawater salinity. A meta-analysis of KSA, estimated as the ratio of POP concentrations in snow and air from previously reported simultaneous field measurements, showed that snow amplification is relevant for diverse families of POPs, independent of their volatility. We claim that the potential impact of atmospheric pollution on aquatic ecosystems has been under-predicted by only considering air-water partitioning, as snow amplification influences, and may even control, the POP occurrence in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Casal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Gemma Casas
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Ana Cabrerizo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Mariana Pizarro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry , Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Madrid 28006 , Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
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Bartalini A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Marsili L, Mazzariol S, Fossi MC, Jiménez B. Evaluation of PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and PBDEs in sperm whales from the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Total Environ 2019; 653:1417-1425. [PMID: 30759580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies to date have reported concentrations of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in different marine mammal species worldwide. Yet data on sperm whales are scarce from rich and unique biodiverse areas such as the Mediterranean Sea. This work aimed to assess levels of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in blubber of sperm whales stranded along the Italian coast between 2008 and 2016. POP mean concentrations (dl-PCBs: 6410 ng/g l.w.; PBDEs: 612 ng/g l.w.; PCDD/Fs: 57.8 pg/g l.w.) were mostly in line with what has been previously reported on the same species in the Mediterranean environment and tended to be higher than those reported from other geographical regions. The relative abundance followed the order dl-PCBs > PBDEs ≫ PCDD/Fs. Interestingly, the non-ortho dl-PCB pattern (126 > 169 > 77) was similar to that described in other studies worldwide and different from what is described in its main prey. This could be linked to particular metabolic activities in sperm whales against these highly toxic contaminants. Total TEQs ranged from 275 to 987 pg/g l.w. and showed the pattern Σnon-ortho-dl-PCBs > Σortho-dl-PCBs > PCDDs > PCDFs, with PCBs' contribution about 96%. These findings highlight the high abundance of PCBs still found in the Mediterranean environment despite having been banned for decades. All sperm whales analyzed in this study surpassed the threshold of 210 pg WHO-TEQ/g l.w. proposed as starting point of immunosuppression in harbour seals; a level of contamination that may have contributed to an impairment of their immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bartalini
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - J Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC. Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Marsili
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - S Mazzariol
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M C Fossi
- Department of Environmental, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC. Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Chirife AD, Galletti Vernazzani B, Cabrera E, Sironi M, Millán J, Attard CRM, Jiménez B. First assessment of persistent organic pollutant contamination in blubber of Chilean blue whales from Isla de Chiloé, southern Chile. Sci Total Environ 2019; 650:1521-1528. [PMID: 30308837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were assessed for the first time in blue whales from the South Pacific Ocean. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its main metabolites (DDTs), were determined in 40 blubber samples from 36 free-ranging individuals and one stranded, dead animal along the coast of southern Chile between 2011 and 2013. PCBs were the most abundant pollutants (2.97-975 ng/g l.w.), followed by DDTs (3.50-537 ng/g l.w.), HCB (nd-77.5 ng/g l.w.) and PBDEs (nd-33.4 ng/g l.w). There was evidence of differences between sexes, with lower loads in females potentially due to pollutants passing to calves. POP concentrations were higher in specimens sampled in 2013; yet, between-year differences were only statistically significant for HCB and PBDEs. Lower chlorinated (penta > tetra > tri) and brominated (tetra > tri) congeners were the most prevalent among PCBs and PBDEs, respectively, mostly in agreement with findings previously reported in blue and other baleen whales. The present study provides evidence of lower levels of contamination by POPs in eastern South Pacific blue whales in comparison to those reported for the Northern Hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A D Chirife
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Galletti Vernazzani
- Centro de Conservación Cetacea (CCC), Casilla 19178 Correo Alonso de Cordoba, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Cabrera
- Centro de Conservación Cetacea (CCC), Casilla 19178 Correo Alonso de Cordoba, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Sironi
- Instituto de Conservación de Ballenas, O'Higgins 4380, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - C R M Attard
- Molecular Ecology Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia; Cetacean Ecology, Behaviour and Evolution Lab, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - B Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
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Casal P, Cabrerizo A, Vila-Costa M, Pizarro M, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Pivotal Role of Snow Deposition and Melting Driving Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Coastal Livingston Island (Antarctica). Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:12327-12337. [PMID: 30277758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The atmosphere-land-ocean dynamics of semivolatile organic compounds in polar regions is poorly understood, also for the abundant and ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We report the concentrations and fluxes of PAHs in a polar coastal ecosystem (Livingston Island, Antarctica). From late spring (December 2014) to late summer (February 2015), we sampled air, snow, coastal seawater, plankton, and the fugacity in soils and snow. The concentrations of PAHs in seawater were low but increased during the austral summer. The PAH concentrations in snow were significantly higher than in coastal seawater. Soil-air fugacity ratios showed a net volatilization of PAH when soils were covered with lichens, and close to air-soil equilibrium for bare soils. Concentrations in surface snow were also close to equilibrium with atmospheric PAHs. Conversely, there was a net diffusive deposition of PAHs to coastal seawater during late spring, but a net volatilization from seawater during late summer. Volatilization fluxes were correlated with seawater temperature and salinity, consistent with a key role of snowmelt to the fluxes and dissolved phase concentrations during the austral summer. The comprehensive assessment provided here shows that the fugacity amplification in snow is transferred to soils and coastal seawater supporting PAH concentrations and fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Casal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26 , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Ana Cabrerizo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26 , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Maria Vila-Costa
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26 , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Mariana Pizarro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26 , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry , Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC) , Madrid 28006 , Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research , Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26 , Barcelona , Catalonia 08034 , Spain
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Roscales JL, Vicente A, Ros M, Barrios L, Morales L, Abad E, Jiménez B. Assessment of POPs in air from Spain using passive sampling from 2008 to 2015. Part II: Spatial and temporal observations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. Sci Total Environ 2018; 634:1669-1679. [PMID: 29685685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Time series (2008-2015) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in ambient air from the Spanish Monitoring Program were analyzed. A total of 321 samples were collected seasonally each year in 5 urban and 7 background sites by means of passive air sampling. Air concentrations were higher at urban than background sites (urban vs. background concentration ranges): PCDD/Fs (26.9-1010 vs. 20.0-357 fg/m3), non-ortho PCBs (0.113-3.14 vs. 0.042-2.00 pg/m3) and mono-ortho PCBs (0.644-41.3 vs. 0.500-32.8 pg/m3). Results showed significant decreases from 2009 for non-ortho PCBs and PCDD/Fs as well as for WHO2006-TEQs. These declines were sharper, and sometimes only significant, in urban places resulting in converging levels at urban and background sites for these pollutants at the end of the study period. In contrast, mono-ortho PCBs did not show any significant variation but a steady flat temporal behavior in their concentrations, suggesting the existence of different sources between mono-ortho and non-ortho PCBs. Seasonality was observed for air burdens of all these POPs. PCDD/Fs were mostly measured at higher concentrations in colder than in hot seasons, and the opposite was true for dl-PCBs. Seasonal variations for PCDD/Fs appeared to be related to changes in their sources (e.g. domestic heating, open burning) rather than to temperature per se. In contrast, environmental temperature dependent factors (e.g. increased partitioning into the gas phase) drove seasonal variations in dl-PCBs instead of seasonal changes in their sources. Regarding spatial patterns, significant greater levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were generally found in cities compared to background areas, pointing out the role of densely populated areas as sources for these pollutants in Spain. As proven by our results, long-term monitoring activities are essential to assess and understand temporal behaviors for these POPs, as well as to evaluate the achievement of Stockholm Convention objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ros
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barrios
- Statistics Department, Computing Center (SGAI-CSIC), Pinar 19, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Morales
- Laboratory of Dioxins, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Abad
- Laboratory of Dioxins, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Roscales JL, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Ros M, Vicente A, Barrios L, Jiménez B. Assessment of POPs in air from Spain using passive sampling from 2008 to 2015. Part I: Spatial and temporal observations of PBDEs. Sci Total Environ 2018; 634:1657-1668. [PMID: 29550067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Stockholm Convention (SC) on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) calls for the Parties' effectiveness evaluation of those measures taken to meet the reduction and eventual elimination of POPs from the environment. With that goal, air concentrations of different POP families have been measured uninterruptedly since 2008 under the Spanish Monitoring Program (SMP) by means of passive air sampling. This work focuses on data for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) determined in a total of 321 samples collected seasonally each year in 5 urban and 7 background sites. Neither significant temporal trends nor significant seasonal variations for total PBDE air burdens were detected. In contrast, significant variations were found among PBDE congeners. Those related to the octa-PBDE formulation significantly decreased in the study period. However, PBDEs related to the penta-formulation showed steady concentrations while PBDE-209, the congener found at the greatest levels, showed increasing or steady levels in most sampling sites. Seasonal variations were also markedly different among congeners. Concentrations of the lightest PBDEs (tri- to penta-substituted) were highly influenced by ambient temperature (T), showing maximum values in summer probably due to higher volatilization rates compared to those of heavier PBDEs. Contrarily, no clear seasonal trends were found for hexa- to deca-PBDEs, which were negatively related to precipitation; thereby, indicating an efficient atmospheric wash out by wet deposition episodes. Regarding spatial patterns, overall significant greater PBDE levels were found in cities compared to background areas, pointing out the role of highly populated areas as sources for these pollutants in Spain. Yet and especially in the case of PBDE-209, our results suggested the presence of significant unknown sources of PBDEs in some background sites. Further monitoring efforts are needed to assess potential unknown sources in the sampling network as well as to ensure temporal trends of these pollutants in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ros
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barrios
- Statistics Department, Computing Center, SGAI-CSIC, Pinar 19, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Castro-Jiménez J, Barhoumi B, Paluselli A, Tedetti M, Jiménez B, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Wortham H, Ridha Driss M, Sempéré R. Occurrence, Loading, and Exposure of Atmospheric Particle-Bound POPs at the African and European Edges of the Western Mediterranean Sea. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:13180-13189. [PMID: 29052985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study for 62 toxic chemicals based on the simultaneous monthly collection of aerosol samples during 2015-2016 in two coastal cities at both the African (Bizerte, Tunisia) and European (Marseille, France) edges of the Western Mediterranean basin is presented. Legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (∑18PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (∑17PCDD/Fs) show generally higher median levels at the African edge (2.1 and 0.2 pg m-3, respectively) compared to the European coastal site (1.0 and 0.08 pg m-3, respectively). Contrarily, the "emerging" polybrominated diphenyl ethers' (∑27PBDEs) median concentrations were higher in Marseille (∼9.0 pg m-3) compared to Bizerte (∼6.0 pg m-3). Different past usages and current emission patterns were found at both edges of the Western Mediterranean, most probably linked to the respective different regulatory frameworks for toxic chemicals. Our results indicate that the total organic carbon (TOC) and/or the elemental carbon (EC) contents in the atmospheric aerosol may have a stronger effect than the total suspended particle (TSP) content as a whole on the spatial-temporal variability and the long-range atmospheric transport potential of the studied POPs. A "jumping" of the PBDE local atmospheric stocks from the Northwestern European Mediterranean edge to the Northwestern African coast seems to be possible under favorable conditions at present. While a higher PBDE median loading is estimated for the Marseille area (∼550 ng m-2 y-1) compared to Bizerte (∼400 ng m-2 y-1), the median PCB and PCDD/F dry deposition fluxes were higher at the African site, resulting in a 3-fold higher toxic equivalent (TEQ) loading of dioxin-like pollutants (400 pg TEQ m-2 y-1) compared to Marseille (∼140 pg TEQ m-2 y-1), with potential implications for aquatic organisms. However, the inhalation exposure assessment points to a minimum risk for human health at both sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage , Tunis, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Paluselli
- Aix-Marseille Univ, University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110 , Marseille, France
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix-Marseille Univ, University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110 , Marseille, France
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Madrid, Spain
| | - Henri Wortham
- Aix-Marseille Univ , CNRS, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry (LCE), Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Heteroatom Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage , Tunis, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Richard Sempéré
- Aix-Marseille Univ, University of Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110 , Marseille, France
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Fossi MC, Baini M, Panti C, Galli M, Jiménez B, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Marsili L, Finoia MG, Ramírez-Macías D. Are whale sharks exposed to persistent organic pollutants and plastic pollution in the Gulf of California (Mexico)? First ecotoxicological investigation using skin biopsies. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 199:48-58. [PMID: 28274762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is an endangered species that may be exposed to micro- and macro-plastic ingestion as a result of their filter-feeding activity, particularly on the sea surface. In this pilot project we perform the first ecotoxicological investigation on whale sharks sampled in the Gulf of California exploring the potential interaction of this species with plastic debris (macro-, micro-plastics and related sorbed contaminants). Due to the difficulty in obtaining stranded specimens of this endangered species, an indirect approach, by skin biopsies was used for the evaluation of the whale shark ecotoxicological status. The levels of organochlorine compounds (PCBs, DDTs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) plastic additives, and related biomarkers responses (CYP1A) were investigated for the first time in the whale shark. Twelve whale shark skin biopsy samples were collected in January 2014 in La Paz Bay (BCS, Mexico) and a preliminary investigation on microplastic concentration and polymer composition was also carried out in seawater samples from the same area. The average abundance pattern for the target contaminants was PCBs>DDTs>PBDEs>HCB. Mean concentration values of 8.42ng/g w.w. were found for PCBs, 1.31ng/g w.w. for DDTs, 0.29ng/g w.w. for PBDEs and 0.19ng/g w.w. for HCB. CYP1A-like protein was detected, for the first time, in whale shark skin samples. First data on the average density of microplastics in the superficial zooplankton/microplastic samples showed values ranging from 0.00items/m3 to 0.14items/m3. A focused PCA analysis was performed to evaluate a possible correlation among the size of the whale sharks, contaminants and CYP1A reponses. Further ecotoxicological investigation on whale shark skin biopsies will be carried out for a worldwide ecotoxicological risk assessment of this endangerd species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Panti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry. Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry. Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC). Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Finoia
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via V. Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Dení Ramírez-Macías
- Tiburon Ballena Mexico proyecto de ConCiencia Mexico AC, La Paz, BCS, Mexico
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Casal P, Zhang Y, Martin JW, Pizarro M, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Role of Snow Deposition of Perfluoroalkylated Substances at Coastal Livingston Island (Maritime Antarctica). Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:8460-8470. [PMID: 28665121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment, including remote polar regions. To evaluate the role of snow deposition as an input of PFAS to Maritime Antarctica, fresh snow deposition, surface snow, streams from melted snow, coastal seawater, and plankton samples were collected over a three-month period (December 2014-February 2015) at Livingston Island. Local sources of PFASs were significant for perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) and C7-14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) in snow but limited to the transited areas of the research station. The concentrations of 14 ionizable PFAS (∑PFAS) in freshly deposited snow (760-3600 pg L-1) were 1 order of magnitude higher than those in background surface snow (82-430 pg L-1). ∑PFAS ranged from 94 to 420 pg L-1 in seawater and from 3.1 to 16 ng gdw-1 in plankton. Ratios of individual PFAS concentrations in freshly deposited snow relative to surface snow (CSD/CSnow), snowmelt (CSD/CSM), and seawater (CSD/CSW) were close to 1 (from 0.44 to 1.4) for all perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) isomers, suggesting that snowfall does not contribute significantly to PFOS in seawater. Conversely, these ratios for PFCAs ranged from 1 to 33 and were positively correlated with the number of carbons in the PFCA alkylated chain. These trends suggest that snow deposition, scavenging sea-salt aerosol bound PFAS, plays a role as a significant input of PFCAs to the Maritime Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Casal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Mariana Pizarro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC) , Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Barcelona, Catalonia 08034, Spain
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Casal P, González-Gaya B, Zhang Y, Reardon AJF, Martin JW, Jiménez B, Dachs J. Accumulation of Perfluoroalkylated Substances in Oceanic Plankton. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:2766-2775. [PMID: 28192988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in plankton has previously been evaluated only in freshwater and regional seas, but not for the large oligotrophic global oceans. Plankton samples from the tropical and subtropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans were collected during the Malaspina 2010 circumnavigation expedition, and analyzed for 14 ionizable PFASs, including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and their respective linear and branched isomers. PFOA and PFOS concentrations in plankton ranged from 0.1 to 43 ng gdw-1 and from 0.5 to 6.7 ng gdw-1, respectively. The relative abundance of branched PFOA in the northern hemisphere was correlated with distance to North America, consistent with the historical production and coherent with previously reported patterns in seawater. The plankton samples showing the highest PFOS concentrations also presented the largest relative abundances of branched PFOS, suggesting a selective cycling/fractionation of branched PFOS in the surface ocean mediated by plankton. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for plankton were calculated for six PFASs, including short chain PFASs. PFASs Log BAFs (wet weight) ranged from 2.6 ± 0.8 for perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), to 4.4 ± 0.6 for perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA). The vertical transport of PFASs due to the settling of organic matter bound PFAS (biological pump) was estimated from an organic matter settling fluxes climatology and the PFAS concentrations in plankton. The global average sinking fluxes were 0.8 ± 1.3 ng m-2d-1 for PFOA, and 1.1 ± 2.1 ng m-2d-1 for PFOS. The residence times of PFAS in the surface ocean, assuming the biological pump as the unique sink, showed a wide range of variability, from few years to millennia, depending on the sampling site and individual compound. Further process-based studies are needed to constrain the oceanic sink of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Casal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Belén González-Gaya
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Anthony J F Reardon
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IQOG-CSIC) , Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Dachs
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC) , Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Mello FV, Roscales JL, Guida YS, Menezes JFS, Vicente A, Costa ES, Jiménez B, Torres JPM. Relationship between legacy and emerging organic pollutants in Antarctic seabirds and their foraging ecology as shown by δ 13C and δ 15N. Sci Total Environ 2016; 573:1380-1389. [PMID: 27453143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Foraging ecology and the marine regions exploited by Antarctic seabirds outside of breeding strongly influence their exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, relationships between them are largely unknown, an important knowledge gap given that many species are capital breeders and POPs may be deleterious to seabirds. This study investigates the relationship between Antarctic seabird foraging ecology (measured by δ13C and δ15N) and POPs accumulated in their eggs prior to breeding. Organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and dechlorane plus (DP) were measured in eggs of chinstrap, Adélie, and gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica, P. adeliae, P. papua), as well as south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki), sampled on King George Island. Total POP levels were as follows: skua (3210±3330ng/g lipid weight)>chinstrap (338±128ng/g)>Adélie (287±43.3ng/g)>gentoo (252±49.4ng/g). Trophic position and pre-breeding foraging sites were important in explaining POP accumulation patterns across species. The most recalcitrant compounds were preferentially accumulated in skuas, occupying one trophic level above penguins. In contrast, their Antarctic endemism, coupled with influence from cold condensation of pollutants, likely contributed to penguins exhibiting higher concentrations of more volatile compounds (e.g., hexachlorobenzene, PCB-28 and -52) than skuas. Regional differences in penguin pre-breeding foraging areas did not significantly affect their POP burdens, whereas the trans-equatorial migration and foraging sites of skuas were strongly reflected in their pollutant profiles, especially for PBDEs and DPs. Overall, our results provide new insights on migratory birds as biovectors of POPs, including non-globally regulated compounds such as DP, from northern regions to Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V Mello
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Radioisotopes Eduardo Penna Franca, UFRJ, Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CCS, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Yago S Guida
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Radioisotopes Eduardo Penna Franca, UFRJ, Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CCS, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Jorge F S Menezes
- Marco and Louise Mitrani Departament of Desert Ecology, SIDEER, BIDR, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Mideshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel.
| | - Alba Vicente
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Erli S Costa
- Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua 7 de Setembro, 1156 - Centro, Porto Alegre, RSCEP: 90.010-191, Brazil.
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Dept. of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratory of Radioisotopes Eduardo Penna Franca, UFRJ, Carlos Chagas Filho 373, CCS, RJ, Brazil.
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Roscales JL, Ros M, Vicente A, Jiménez B. Towards the implementation of the Stockholm Convention in Spain: Five-year monitoring (2008-2013) of POPs in air based on passive sampling. Environ Pollut 2016; 217:107-13. [PMID: 26905212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Within the framework of the Spanish monitoring program, this study reports on air concentration of DDTs, HCB, HCHs, NDL-PCBs, DL-PCBs, PCDD/Fs and PBDEs measured during the five-year sampling period 2008-2013. Spanish coastal remote and urban locations were studied using PUF disk passive air samplers which were deployed and collected every three months. Despite the wide range of concentrations measured for most contaminants, a common pattern of relative abundance (median values): NDL-PCBs (36.6 pg/m(3)) > HCB (24.8 pg/m(3)) ≈ HCHs (17.9 pg/m(3)) ≈ DDTs (16.6 pg/m(3)) > PBDEs (3.65 pg/m(3)) > DL-PCBs (2.99 pg/m(3)) >> PCDD/Fs (0.060 pg/m(3)) was found fairly consistent across most seasons and locations. Nevertheless, important variations in yearly concentrations were measured for different POPs. In general, higher levels of DDTs, HCHs, NDL-PCBs, DL-PCBs and PCDD/Fs were found in urban sites highlighting important differences between remote and urban sampling locations for most target contaminants. Greater concentrations of the banned organochlorine pesticides in urban locations suggested the existence of unexpected pointed sources that need to be further investigated and characterized. The limited dataset collected thus far rendered no clear temporal trends for most study target compounds, which emphasizes the necessity of the Spanish monitoring program future maintenance in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ros
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Vicente
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Barrios J, Cano A, Becerril J, Jiménez B. Influence of solids on the removal of emerging pollutants in electrooxidation of municipal sludge with boron-doped diamond electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Roscales JL, González-Solís J, Zango L, Ryan PG, Jiménez B. Latitudinal exposure to DDTs, HCB, PCBs, PBDEs and DP in giant petrels (Macronectes spp.) across the Southern Ocean. Environ Res 2016; 148:285-294. [PMID: 27088732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Studies on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Antarctic wildlife are scarce, and usually limited to a single locality. As a result, wildlife exposure to POPs across the Southern Ocean is poorly understood. In this study, we report the differential exposure of the major southern ocean scavengers, the giant petrels, to POPs across a wide latitudinal gradient. Selected POPs (PCBs, HCB, DDTs, PBDEs) and related compounds, such as Dechlorane Plus (DP), were analyzed in plasma of southern giant petrels (Macronectes giganteus) breeding on Livingston (62°S 61°W, Antarctica), Marion (46°S 37°E, sub-Antarctic), and Gough (40°S 10°W, cool temperate) islands. Northern giant petrels (Macronectes halli) from Marion Island were also studied. Stable isotope ratios of C and N (δ(13)C and δ(15)N) were used as dietary tracers of the marine habitat and trophic level, respectively. Breeding locality was a major factor explaining petrel exposure to POPs compared with species and sex. Significant relationships between δ(13)C values and POP burdens, at both inter- and intra-population levels, support latitudinal variations in feeding grounds as a key factor in explaining petrel pollutant burdens. Overall, pollutant levels in giant petrels decreased significantly with latitude, but the relative abundance (%) of the more volatile POPs increased towards Antarctica. DP was found at negligible levels compared with legacy POPs in Antarctic seabirds. Spatial POP patterns found in giant petrels match those predicted by global distribution models, and reinforce the hypothesis of atmospheric long-range transport as the main source of POPs in Antarctica. Our results confirm that wildlife movements out of the polar region markedly increase their exposure to POPs. Therefore, strategies for Antarctic wildlife conservation should consider spatial heterogeneity in exposure to marine pollution. Of particular relevance is the need to clarify the exposure of Antarctic predators to emerging contaminants that are not yet globally regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department of Animal Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Zango
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Department of Animal Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter G Ryan
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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