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Eun SY, Chung CH, Cheon YH, Park GD, Lee CH, Kim JY, Lee MS. Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. extract promotes skeletal muscle cell differentiation by positively regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and AKT/mTOR signaling in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:125. [PMID: 38785149 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Promotion of myoblast differentiation by activating mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis signaling pathways provides a potential alternative strategy to balance energy and overcome muscle loss and muscle disorders. Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. extract (SCE) has been used extensively as a traditional herbal medicine and has several physiological activities, including anti‑asthmatic, anti‑oxidant, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑atopic, anticancer and hepatoprotective properties. However, the effects and mechanisms of action of SCE on muscle differentiation have not yet been clarified. In the present study, it was investigated whether SCE affects skeletal muscle cell differentiation through the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis in murine C2C12 myoblasts. The XTT colorimetric assay was used to determine cell viability, and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) levels were determined using immunocytochemistry. SCE was applied to C2C12 myotube at different concentrations (1, 5, or 10 ng/ml) and times (1,3, or 5 days). Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression change of factors related to differentiation, mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis. Treatment of C2C12 cells with SCE at 1,5, and 10 ng/ml did not affect cell viability. SCE promoted C2C12 myotube formation and significantly increased MyHC expression in a concentration‑ and time‑dependent manner. SCE significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of muscle differentiation‑specific markers, such as MyHC, myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin, Myogenic Factor 5, and β‑catenin, mitochondrial biosynthesis‑related factors, such as peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑gamma coactivator‑1α, nuclear respirator factor‑1, AMP‑activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and histone deacetylase 5 and AKT/mTOR signaling factors related to protein synthesis. SCE may prevent skeletal muscle dysfunction by enhancing myoblast differentiation through the promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Eun
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyuk Chung
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Do Park
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Noh HJ, Cha SJ, Kim CH, Choi SW, Lee CH, Hwang JK. Efficacy of dapagliflozin in improving arrhythmia-related outcomes after ablation for atrial fibrillation: a retrospective single-center study. Clin Res Cardiol 2024; 113:924-932. [PMID: 38358416 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a widespread type of sustained arrhythmia that poses significant health risks. Catheter ablation is the preferred treatment; however, arrhythmia recurrence remains challenging. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, particularly dapagliflozin (DAPA), have exhibited cardiovascular benefits. However, to date, the influence of these inhibitors on AF post-ablation remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed the records of 272 patients who underwent catheter ablation for AF from January 2018 to December 2022. Patients were divided into the control (n = 199) and DAPA (n = 73) groups based on DAPA prescription post-ablation. The primary outcome was total atrial arrhythmia recurrence after a 3-month blanking period. RESULTS The mean age was 72.19 ± 5.45 years; 86.8% of the patients were men. At 18 months post-ablation, 36.2% and 9.5% of the patients in the control and DAPA groups, respectively, reported atrial arrhythmia. Multivariate analysis revealed that DAPA use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of arrhythmia recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.07-0.32, p < 0.001). After propensity score-matching (PSM) in 65 pairs, arrhythmia recurrence was lower in the DAPA group compared with the control (8.3% versus 30.8%, aHR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.06-0.51, p = 0.002). Freedom from total arrhythmia recurrence was significantly higher in the DAPA group compared with the control group in both the overall and PSM population (log-rank test p < 0.01). CONCLUSION DAPA administration post-ablation was associated with significantly reduced atrial arrhythmia recurrence rates, indicating its potential as an adjunct therapy for enhancing the success of AF ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Noh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, (05368) #53 Jinhawngdo-Ro 61 Gil, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Cha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, (05368) #53 Jinhawngdo-Ro 61 Gil, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chee Hae Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, (05368) #53 Jinhawngdo-Ro 61 Gil, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, (05368) #53 Jinhawngdo-Ro 61 Gil, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, (05368) #53 Jinhawngdo-Ro 61 Gil, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, (05368) #53 Jinhawngdo-Ro 61 Gil, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Cheon YH, Lee CH, Eun SY, Park GD, Chung CH, Kim JY, Lee MS. Vigeo attenuates cartilage and bone destruction in a collagen‑induced arthritis mouse model by reducing production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:208. [PMID: 38590570 PMCID: PMC11000045 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by articular cartilage destruction, bone destruction and synovial hyperplasia. It has been suggested that Vigeo, a mixture of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Achyranthes japonica and Atractylodes japonica fermented with Korean nuruk, has an anti-osteoporotic effect in a mouse model of inflammation-mediated bone loss. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effects of Vigeo in RA using a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. DBA/1J mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen on days 0 and 21 and Vigeo was administered daily for 20 days beginning the day after the second type II collagen injection. The mice were sacrificed on day 42 and the joint tissues were anatomically separated and subjected to micro computed tomography and histological analyses. In addition, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. CIA in DBA/1J mice caused symptoms of RA, such as joint inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Treatment of CIA mice with Vigeo markedly decreased the symptoms and cartilage pathology. In addition, radiological and histological analyses showed that Vigeo attenuated bone and cartilage destruction. The serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels following oral Vigeo administration were also reduced when compared with those in CIA mice. The present study revealed that Vigeo suppressed arthritis symptoms in a CIA-RA mouse model, including bone loss and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Cheon
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Eun
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Do Park
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyuk Chung
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Musculoskeletal and Immune Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Son MG, Kim YM, An CY, Kim HJ, Nhoek P, Pel P, Won H, Lee Y, Yun N, Paik JH, Bazarragchaa B, Kim HW, Choi YH, Oh WK, Lee CH, Chin YW. Dihydrostilbenes and flavonoids from whole plants of Jacobaea vulgaris. Phytochemistry 2024; 222:114107. [PMID: 38663823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The isolation of previously undescribed 12 compounds from the MeOH extract of Jacobaea vulgaris whole plants is disclosed, comprising 11 dihydrostilbenes (1-11) and one flavanone (12), and eight known compounds (six flavonoids, one dihydrostilbene, and one caffeoylquinic acid). Structural elucidation employed spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. Evaluation of the compounds' effects on PCSK9 and LDLR mRNA expression revealed that compounds 1 and 3 downregulated PCSK9 mRNA while increasing LDLR mRNA expression, suggesting potential cholesterol-lowering properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyung Son
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pisey Pel
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongic Won
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Lee
- Plant Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Yun
- Department of Botany, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyub Paik
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lee CH, Wang SL. Oral mirtazapine decreases the gastrointestinal adverse effects in cats on doxorubicin chemotherapy. Vet J 2024; 304:106087. [PMID: 38395251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Anorexia, depression, and vomiting are the common adverse effects of chemotherapy in humans and animals. Mirtazapine is primarily used as an appetite stimulant and antiemetic in dogs and cats. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of mirtazapine in reducing the gastrointestinal adverse effects in cats receiving doxorubicin chemotherapy. This single-masked, placebo-controlled crossover study enrolled 11 cats with malignant mammary gland tumors. The cats were randomly assigned to receive either mirtazapine (1.88 mg/cat) or placebo every 48 h for 2 weeks from the first initiation of doxorubicin chemotherapy. Each cat was then crossed over to the alternate group on the subsequent chemotherapy with a 1-week wash-out period. The owners were asked to record appetite score, activity score, episodes of vomiting and diarrhea for 2 weeks after each doxorubicin administration. Cats treated with mirtazapine showed significantly increased bodyweight compared with those on placebo (P = 0.010). The appetite and activity scores during mirtazapine treatment was significantly higher than those during placebo treatment (P = 0.005 and 0.018, respectively). Furthermore, the prevalence of episodes of vomiting during mirtazapine treatment was significantly lower than that during placebo treatment (P = 0.026). Our results demonstrate that mirtazapine can significantly increase bodyweight, appetite, and activity and reduce vomiting in cats after doxorubicin chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - S L Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Tak J, An Q, Lee SG, Lee CH, Kim SG. Gα12 and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pyroptosis in a single cycle of dextran sulfate-induced mouse colitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6335. [PMID: 38491049 PMCID: PMC10943197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis involves complex inflammatory events and cell death. Although IBD involves mainly necrosis in the digestive tract, pyroptosis has also been recognized. Nonetheless, the underlying basis is elusive. Gα12/13 overexpression may affect endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study examined how Gα12/13 and ER stress affect pyroptosis using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models. Gα12/13 levels were increased in the distal and proximal colons of mice exposed to a single cycle of DSS, as accompanied by increases of IRE1α, ATF6, and p-PERK. Moreover, Il-6, Il-1β, Ym1, and Arg1 mRNA levels were increased with caspase-1 and IL-1β activation, supportive of pyroptosis. In the distal colon, RIPK1/3 levels were enhanced to a greater degree, confirming necroptosis. By contrast, the mice subjected to three cycles of DSS treatments showed decreases of Gα12/13, as accompanied by IRE1α and ATF6 suppression, but increases of RIPK1/3 and c-Cas3. AZ2 treatment, which inhibited Gα12, has an anti-pyroptotic effect against a single cycle of colitis. These results show that a single cycle of DSS-induced colitis may cause ER stress-induced pyroptosis as mediated by Gα12 overexpression in addition to necroptosis, but three cycles model induces only necroptosis, and that AZ2 may have an anti-pyroptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Tak
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Quanxi An
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Research and Development Institute, A Pharma Inc, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Choi JI, Kiatchoosakun S, Jiampo P, Tse HF, Soo YOY, Wang CC, Lee CH, Pecen L, Unverdorben M, De Caterina R, Kirchhof P. Prescribing Patterns and Outcomes of Edoxaban in Atrial Fibrillation Patients From Asia - One-Year Data From the Global ETNA-AF Program. Circ Rep 2024; 6:86-93. [PMID: 38464984 PMCID: PMC10920013 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-23-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study reports prescribing patterns and the 1-year effectiveness and safety of edoxaban in an Asian cohort of Edoxaban Treatment in routiNe clinical prActice (ETNA)-Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods and Results: The Global ETNA-AF program integrates prospective, observational, noninterventional regional studies, collecting data on characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with AF receiving edoxaban for stroke prevention. Baseline characteristics, medical history, and 1-year clinical event rates were assessed in patients from South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Thailand. Clinically relevant events assessed at 12 months included all-cause death, cardiovascular death, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, systemic embolic events (SEEs), bleeding, and net clinical outcome (NCO). Overall, 3,359 patients treated with edoxaban 60 or 30 mg once daily completed 1-year follow-up; 70.9% of patients received recommended dosing according to local labels. Baseline mean±standard deviation age was 71.7±9.6 years, CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.1±1.5, and modified HAS-BLED score was 2.3±1.1. Mean age and sex were similar across countries/regions. The 1-year event rate for all-cause death was 1.8%; major bleeding, 1.3%; ischemic stroke, 1.1%; cardiovascular mortality, 0.7%; hemorrhagic stroke, 0.3%; SEEs, 0%; and NCO, 4.1%; with differences observed between countries/regions and dosing groups. Conclusions: Most Asian patients with AF were prescribed recommended edoxaban dosing in routine care settings. At 1-year follow-up, this analysis supports the effectiveness and safety of edoxaban in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Songsak Kiatchoosakun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Panyapat Jiampo
- Department of Medicine, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital Bangkok Thailand
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Yannie Oi Yan Soo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou and Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Veterans Health Service Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ladislav Pecen
- Institute of Computer Science of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Sciences (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck Hamburg Germany
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Lee CH, Jung JK, Kim KS, Kim CJ. Hierarchical channel morphology in O-rings after two cycling exposures to 70 MPa hydrogen gas: a case study of sealing failure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5319. [PMID: 38438433 PMCID: PMC10912206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55101-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of high-pressure hydrogen gas exposure on the structural and morphological characteristics of O-ring materials. O-ring specimens undergo two cycles of sealing under 70 MPa hydrogen gas, and their resulting variations are examined using advanced characterization techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our findings reveal that the lattice parameters of the O-ring material show no significant changes when exposed to 70 MPa hydrogen gas. However, in the micrometre range, the formation of a hierarchical channel morphology becomes evident. This morphology is accompanied by the separation of carbon black filler from the rubber matrix, contributing to mechanical weakening of the O-ring. These observations can be attributed to the pressure gradient that develops between the inner and outer radii of the O-ring, resulting from compression forces acting perpendicularly to the radial direction due to clamp locking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Chosun University, Chosundae-5-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kap Jung
- Hydrogen Energy Materials Research Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jong Kim
- LG Chem Europe GmbH, Adolph-Prior-Straße 16, 65936, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Shin E, Park C, Park T, Chung H, Hwang H, Bak SH, Chung KS, Yoon SR, Kim TD, Choi I, Lee CH, Jung H, Noh JY. Deficiency of thioredoxin-interacting protein results in age-related thrombocytopenia due to megakaryocyte oxidative stress. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:834-850. [PMID: 38072375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are generated from megakaryocytes (MKs), mainly located in the bone marrow (BM). Megakaryopoiesis can be affected by genetic disorders, metabolic diseases, and aging. The molecular mechanisms underlying platelet count regulation have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we investigated the role of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a protein that regulates cellular metabolism in megakaryopoiesis, using a Txnip-/- mouse model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Txnip-/- mice (2-27-month-old) were studied. BM-derived MKs were analyzed to investigate the role of TXNIP in megakaryopoiesis with age. The global transcriptome of BM-derived CD41+ megakaryocyte precursors (MkPs) of WT and Txnip-/- mice were compared. The CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells isolated from human cord blood were differentiated into MKs. RESULTS Txnip-/- mice developed thrombocytopenia at 4 to 5 months that worsened with age. During ex vivo megakaryopoiesis, Txnip-/- MkPs remained small, with decreased levels of MK-specific markers. Critically, Txnip-/- MkPs exhibited reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which was related to AKT activity. Txnip-/- MkPs also showed elevated glycolysis alongside increased glucose uptake for ATP production. Total RNA sequencing revealed enrichment for oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes in differentially expressed genes between Txnip-/- and WT MkPs. The effects of TXNIP on MKs were recapitulated during the differentiation of human cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that the megakaryopoiesis pathway becomes exhausted with age in Txnip-/- mice with a decrease in terminal, mature MKs that response to thrombocytopenic challenge. Overall, this study demonstrates the role of TXNIP in megakaryopoiesis, regulating mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Shin
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Charny Park
- Bioinformatics Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Taeho Park
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunmin Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Hwang
- Bioinformatics Team, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Bak
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Stem Cell Convergence Research Center and Biomedical Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk Ran Yoon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Inpyo Choi
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- R&D Center, SCBIO Co, Ltd, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea.
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10
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Tak J, Joo MS, Kim YS, Park HW, Lee CH, Park GC, Hwang S, Kim SG. Dual regulation of NEMO by Nrf2 and miR-125a inhibits ferroptosis and protects liver from endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced injury. Theranostics 2024; 14:1841-1859. [PMID: 38505605 PMCID: PMC10945339 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The surge of severe liver damage underscores the necessity for identifying new targets and therapeutic agents. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces ferroptosis with Gα12 overexpression. NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) is a regulator of inflammation and necroptosis. Nonetheless, the regulatory basis of NEMO de novo synthesis and its impact on hepatocyte ferroptosis need to be established. This study investigated whether Nrf2 transcriptionally induces IKBKG (the NEMO gene) for ferroptosis inhibition and, if so, how NEMO induction protects hepatocytes against ER stress-induced ferroptosis. Methods: Experiments were conducted using human liver tissues, hepatocytes, and injury models, incorporating NEMO overexpression and Gα12 gene modulations. RNA sequencing, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, reporter assays, and mutation analyses were done. Results: NEMO downregulation connects closely to ER and oxidative stress, worsening liver damage via hepatocyte ferroptosis. NEMO overexpression protects hepatocytes from ferroptosis by promoting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. This protective role extends to oxidative and ER stress. Similar shifts occur in nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) expression alongside NEMO changes. Nrf2 is newly identified as an IKBKG (NEMO gene) transactivator. Gα12 changes, apart from Nrf2, impact NEMO expression, pointing to post-transcriptional control. Gα12 reduction lowers miR-125a, an inhibitor of NEMO, while overexpression has the opposite effect. NEMO also counters ER stress, which triggers Gα12 overexpression. Gα12's significance in NEMO-dependent hepatocyte survival is confirmed via ROCK1 inhibition, a Gα12 downstream kinase, and miR-125a. The verified alterations or associations within the targeted entities are validated in human liver specimens and datasets originating from livers subjected to exposure to other injurious agents. Conclusions: Hepatic injury prompted by ER stress leads to the suppression of NEMO, thereby facilitating ferroptosis through the inhibition of GPX4. IKBKG is transactivated by Nrf2 against Gα12 overexpression responsible for the increase of miR-125a, an unprecedented NEMO inhibitor, resulting in GPX4 induction. Accordingly, the induction of NEMO mitigates ferroptotic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Tak
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Kyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Kyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Chun Park
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Kyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
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11
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Rahman M, Nguyen TM, Lee GJ, Kim B, Park MK, Lee CH. Unraveling the Role of Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain (Rheb1 and Rheb2): Bridging Neuronal Dynamics and Cancer Pathogenesis through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1489. [PMID: 38338768 PMCID: PMC10855792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb1 and Rheb2), small GTPases, play a crucial role in regulating neuronal activity and have gained attention for their implications in cancer development, particularly in breast cancer. This study delves into the intricate connection between the multifaceted functions of Rheb1 in neurons and cancer, with a specific focus on the mTOR pathway. It aims to elucidate Rheb1's involvement in pivotal cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, invasion, metastasis, and inflammatory responses while acknowledging that Rheb2 has not been extensively studied. Despite the recognized associations, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between Rheb1 and Rheb2 and their roles in both nerve and cancer remains elusive. This review consolidates current knowledge regarding the impact of Rheb1 on cancer hallmarks and explores the potential of Rheb1 as a therapeutic target in cancer treatment. It emphasizes the necessity for a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying Rheb1-mediated oncogenic processes, underscoring the existing gaps in our understanding. Additionally, the review highlights the exploration of Rheb1 inhibitors as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. By shedding light on the complicated roles between Rheb1/Rheb2 and cancer, this study provides valuable insights to the scientific community. These insights are instrumental in guiding the identification of novel targets and advancing the development of effective therapeutic strategies for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafizur Rahman
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Gi Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Boram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of BioHealthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (G.J.L.)
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12
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Dinh NTM, Nguyen TM, Park MK, Lee CH. Y-Box Binding Protein 1: Unraveling the Multifaceted Role in Cancer Development and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:717. [PMID: 38255791 PMCID: PMC10815159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), a member of the Cold Shock Domain protein family, is overexpressed in various human cancers and is recognized as an oncogenic gene associated with poor prognosis. YBX1's functional diversity arises from its capacity to interact with a broad range of DNA and RNA molecules, implicating its involvement in diverse cellular processes. Independent investigations have unveiled specific facets of YBX1's contribution to cancer development. This comprehensive review elucidates YBX1's multifaceted role in cancer across cancer hallmarks, both in cancer cell itself and the tumor microenvironment. Based on this, we proposed YBX1 as a potential target for cancer treatment. Notably, ongoing clinical trials addressing YBX1 as a target in breast cancer and lung cancer have showcased its promise for cancer therapy. The ramp up in in vitro research on targeting YBX1 compounds also underscores its growing appeal. Moreover, the emerging role of YBX1 as a neural input is also proposed where the high level of YBX1 was strongly associated with nerve cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. This review also summarized the up-to-date advanced research on the involvement of YBX1 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thi Minh Dinh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of BioHealthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (N.T.M.D.); (T.M.N.)
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13
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Kim NH, Lee CH, Lee AY. Extraciliary OFD1 Is Involved in Melanocyte Survival through Cell Adhesion to ECM via Paxillin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17528. [PMID: 38139355 PMCID: PMC10743763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia play a significant role in influencing cell fate, including apoptosis in multiple cell types. In the lesional epidermis of vitiligo patients, a reduced number of ciliated cells was observed. Our study also revealed a downregulation of oral-facial digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) in the affected skin of vitiligo patients. However, it remains unknown whether primary cilia are involved in the control of melanocyte apoptosis. While both intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88) and retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator-interacting protein-1 like (RPGRIP1L) are associated with ciliogenesis in melanocytes, only the knockdown of OFD1, but not IFT88 and RPGRIP1L, resulted in increased melanocyte apoptosis. OFD1 knockdown led to a decrease in the expression of proteins involved in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, including paxillin. The OFD1 amino acid residues 601-1012 interacted with paxillin, while the amino acid residues 1-601 were associated with ciliogenesis, suggesting that the OFD1 domains responsible for paxillin binding are distinct from those involved in ciliogenesis. OFD1 knockdown, but not IFT88 knockdown, inhibited melanocyte adhesion to the ECM, a defect that was restored by paxillin overexpression. In summary, our findings indicate that the downregulation of OFD1 induces melanocyte apoptosis, independent of any impairment in ciliogenesis, by reducing melanocyte adhesion to the ECM via paxillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Hyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
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14
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Park H, Harmalkar DS, Wei JD, Sun S, Kwon J, Lee CH, Song JG, Park JM, Lee JW, Ahn KS, Han HK, Kim JH, Lee K, Choi Y. Discovery of a novel BLT2 antagonist for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115864. [PMID: 37839347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent chemoattractant that can recruit and activate immune cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes to sites of inflammation. Excessive production of LTB4 has been linked to acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. Inhibiting the binding of LTB4 to its receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, is a potential strategy for treating these conditions. While several BLT1 antagonists have been developed for clinical trials, most have failed due to efficacy and safety issues. Therefore, discovering selective BLT2 antagonists could improve our understanding of the distinct functions of BLT1 and BLT2 receptors and their pharmacological implications. In this study, we aimed to discover novel BLT2 antagonists by synthesizing a series of biphenyl analogues based on a BLT2 selective agonist, CAY10583. Among the synthesized compounds, 15b was found to selectively inhibit the chemotaxis of CHO-BLT2 cells with an IC50 value of 224 nM without inhibiting the chemotaxis of CHO-BLT1 cells. 15b also inhibited the binding of LTB4 and BLT2 with a Ki value of 132 nM. Furthermore, 15b had good metabolic stability in liver microsomes and moderate bioavailability (F = 34%) in in vivo PK studies. 15b also showed in vivo efficacy in a mouse model of asthma, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness by 59% and decreasing Th2 cytokines by up to 46%. Our study provides a promising lead for the development of selective BLT2 antagonists as potential therapeutics for inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejun Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipesh S Harmalkar
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Government College of Arts, Science, and Commerce, Sanquelim, Goa, 403505, India
| | - Jun-Dong Wei
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Seunghan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsun Kwon
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mi Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongseok Choi
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lee J, Yang H, Park C, Park SH, Jang E, Kwack H, Lee CH, Song CI, Choi YC, Han S, Lee H. Attention-based solubility prediction of polysulfide and electrolyte analysis for lithium-sulfur batteries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20784. [PMID: 38012171 PMCID: PMC10682475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the continuous charge and discharge process in lithium-sulfur batteries, one of the next-generation batteries, polysulfides are generated in the battery's electrolyte, and impact its performance in terms of power and capacity by involving the process. The amount of polysulfides in the electrolyte could be estimated by the change of the Gibbs free energy of the electrolyte, [Formula: see text] in the presence of polysulfide. However, obtaining [Formula: see text] of the diverse mixtures of components in the electrolyte is a complex and expensive task that shows itself as a bottleneck in optimization of electrolytes. In this work, we present a machine-learning approach for predicting [Formula: see text] of electrolytes. The proposed architecture utilizes (1) an attention-based model (Attentive FP), a contrastive learning model (MolCLR) or morgan fingerprints to represent chemical components, and (2) transformers to account for the interactions between chemicals in the electrolyte. This architecture was not only capable of predicting electrolyte properties, including those of chemicals not used during training, but also providing insights into chemical interactions within electrolytes. It revealed that interactions with other chemicals relate to the logP and molecular weight of the chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Lee
- LG AI Research, ISC, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjun Yang
- LG AI Research, ISC, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Park
- LG AI Research, ISC, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyo Park
- LG Energy Solution, LTD., LG Science Park E5, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Jang
- LG Energy Solution, LTD., LG Science Park E5, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Hobeom Kwack
- LG Energy Solution, LTD., LG Science Park E5, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- LG Energy Solution, LTD., LG Science Park E5, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ik Song
- LG Energy Solution, LTD., LG Science Park E5, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Cheol Choi
- LG Energy Solution, LTD., LG Science Park E5, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Han
- LG AI Research, ISC, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Honglak Lee
- LG AI Research, ISC, 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Do H, Choi HJ, Choi B, Son CN, Kim SH, Choi SR, Kim JH, Kim MJ, Shin K, Kim HO, Song R, Lee SW, Ahn JK, Lee SG, Lee CH, Son KM, Moon KW. Factors for achieving target serum uric acid levels after initiating urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout: results from the ULTRA registry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20511. [PMID: 37993515 PMCID: PMC10665459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving target serum uric acid (SUA) levels is important in gout management. Guidelines recommend lowering SUA levels to < 6 mg/dL; however, many patients fail to reach this target, even with uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT). This study investigated clinical characteristics of target SUA achievers among Korean patients with gout. This study used data from the ULTRA registry, a nationwide inception cohort established in September 2021 that enrolls patients with gout who initiate ULT. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at baseline; the 6-month follow-up. Patients were divided into two groups: target achievers (SUA level < 6 mg/dL at 6 months) and non-achievers. The mean participant (N = 117) age was 56.1 years, and 88.0% were male. At 6 months, 83 patients (70.9%) reached target SUA levels. Target achievers had better drug adherence (≥ 80%) to ULT (97.6% vs. 76.5%; p < 0.01) than non-achievers. Target non-achievers had a higher percentage of a family history of gout (32.4% vs. 10.8%; p < 0.01) and less antihypertensive agent use (38.2% vs. 59.0%; p = 0.03) than target achievers. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that good adherence to ULT, the absence of a family history of gout, and antihypertensive agent use were key factors associated with achieving target SUA levels at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsue Do
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Byoongyong Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Nam Son
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se Rim Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyoun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kichul Shin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ran Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Joong Kyong Ahn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Son
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Ki Won Moon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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17
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Lee S, Choi YS, Do SH, Lee W, Lee CH, Lee M, Vojta M, Wang CN, Luetkens H, Guguchia Z, Choi KY. Kondo screening in a Majorana metal. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7405. [PMID: 37974022 PMCID: PMC10654600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kondo impurities provide a nontrivial probe to unravel the character of the excitations of a quantum spin liquid. In the S = 1/2 Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice, Kondo impurities embedded in the spin-liquid host can be screened by itinerant Majorana fermions via gauge-flux binding. Here, we report experimental signatures of metallic-like Kondo screening at intermediate temperatures in the Kitaev honeycomb material α-RuCl3 with dilute Cr3+ (S = 3/2) impurities. The static magnetic susceptibility, the muon Knight shift, and the muon spin-relaxation rate all feature logarithmic divergences, a hallmark of a metallic Kondo effect. Concurrently, the linear coefficient of the magnetic specific heat is large in the same temperature regime, indicating the presence of a host Majorana metal. This observation opens new avenues for exploring uncharted Kondo physics in insulating quantum magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Do
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA
| | - W Lee
- Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, 34000, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - M Lee
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - M Vojta
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - C N Wang
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - H Luetkens
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Z Guguchia
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - K-Y Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen TM, Ngoc DTM, You T, Park MK, Lee CH. Unraveling the Janus-Faced Role of Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16255. [PMID: 38003445 PMCID: PMC10671265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy and mitophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy is an essential cellular process in maintaining cell homeostasis. Still, its dysregulation is associated with the development of liver diseases, including HCC, which is one of leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. We focus on elucidating the dual role of autophagy in HCC, both in tumor initiation and progression, and highlighting the complex nature involved in the disease. In addition, we present a detailed analysis of a small subset of autophagy- and mitophagy-related molecules, revealing their specific functions during tumorigenesis and the progression of HCC cells. By understanding these mechanisms, we aim to provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies to manipulate autophagy effectively. The goal is to improve the therapeutic response of liver cancer cells and overcome drug resistance, providing new avenues for improved treatment options for HCC patients. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the complex role of autophagy in HCC and its potential as a target for innovative therapies aimed to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ha Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Taesik You
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cance Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Healthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Jang J, Kim H, Park SS, Kim M, Min YK, Jeong HO, Kim S, Hwang T, Choi DWY, Kim HJ, Song S, Kim DO, Lee S, Lee CH, Lee JW. Single-cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Cellular Factors for Response to Immunosuppressive Therapy in Aplastic Anemia. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e977. [PMID: 37908861 PMCID: PMC10615405 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a lethal hematological disorder; however, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Although immunosuppressive therapy (IST) is a major treatment option for AA, one-third of patients do not respond to IST and its resistance mechanism remains elusive. To understand AA pathogenesis and IST resistance, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of bone marrow (BM) from healthy controls and patients with AA at diagnosis. We found that CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells were significantly depleted in AA, which suggests that the depletion of CD34+ early-stage erythroid precursor cells and PROM1+ hematopoietic stem cells might be one of the major mechanisms for AA pathogenesis related with BM-cell hypoplasia. More importantly, we observed the significant enrichment of CD8+ T cells and T cell-activating intercellular interactions in IST responders, indicating the association between the expansion and activation of T cells and the positive response of IST in AA. Taken together, our findings represent a valuable resource offering novel insights into the cellular heterogeneity in the BM of AA and reveal potential biomarkers for IST, building the foundation for future precision therapies in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miok Kim
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ki Min
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-oh Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejoo Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - David Whee-Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukgil Song
- Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Semin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Korean Genomics Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korea SCBIO Inc, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lee SH, Jung Y, Lee MJ, Lee CH. Development of metal radioactive liquid reference material for proficiency test. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110970. [PMID: 37540991 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study developed liquid reference materials containing various metals, to be used for quality assurance of radiation measurements of the most common metallic wastes generated during the operation or decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The liquid reference materials were prepared by assuming the dissolution of stainless-steel using acid and melting of the major metals present in the stainless steel, namely Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn, along with the standard sources (134Cs, 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr). The theoretical massic activity of the standard sources added to the samples and the measured reference values of the gamma and beta emitters in the samples were compared, and they showed good agreement within a one-sigma confidence interval (k = 1). Using the developed reference materials, a proficiency test was conducted on three domestic labs, and the results were evaluated using Z-score. While the evaluation results showed good agreement between the reference values and the reported values for 137Cs and 60Co, all participating labs reported lower values than the reference value for 134Cs. For 90Sr, two out of the three labs reported significantly higher values than the reference value. Based on the results of this study, the developed metal radioactive liquid reference material is expected to be registered as certified reference material (CRM) in the future. They will be used as the CRM for measuring and ensuring the quality of radioactive metal waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Environmental Radioactivity Safety Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y Jung
- Environmental Radioactivity Safety Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Lee
- Environmental Radioactivity Safety Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Lee
- Nuclear Decommissioning Research Institute (NDRI), 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea
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21
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Kim M, Lee CH. Hydrogenation of High-Density Polyethylene during Decompression of Pressurized Hydrogen at 90 MPa: A Molecular Perspective. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2880. [PMID: 37447525 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate changes in the physical and chemical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) upon the rapid release of hydrogen gas at a pressure of 90 MPa, several characterization techniques have been employed, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning thermal analysis, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that both physical and chemical changes occurred in HDPE upon a rapid release of hydrogen gas. Physically, a partial hexagonal phase was formed within the amorphous region, and the overall crystallinity of HDPE decreased. Chemically, hydrogenation occurred, leading to the addition of hydrogen atoms to the polymer chains. Oxidation also occurred, for example, the formation of ester -C=O groups. Crosslinking and an increase in -CH3 end termination were also observed. These changes suggest that structural transformation and chemical modification of HDPE occurred upon the rapid release of hydrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Grad. School of Chemical Engineering, Chosun University, Chosundae-5-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Chosun University, Chosundae-5-gil, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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22
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Kim YH, Lee CH, Firouzi K, Park BH, Pyun JY, Kim JN, Park KK, Khuri-Yakub BT. Acoustic radiation force for analyzing the mechanical stress in ultrasound neuromodulation. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:135008. [PMID: 37366067 PMCID: PMC10404470 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acdbb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Although recent studies have shown that mechanical stress plays an important role in ultrasound neuromodulation, the magnitude and distribution of the mechanical stress generated in tissues by focused ultrasound transducers have not been adequately examined. Various acoustic radiation force (ARF) equations used in previous studies have been evaluated based on the tissue displacement results and are suitable for estimating the displacement. However, it is unclear whether mechanical stress can be accurately determined. This study evaluates the mechanical stress predicted by various AFR equations and suggests the optimal equation for estimating the mechanical stress in the brain tissue.Approach. In this paper, brain tissue responses are compared through numerical finite element simulations by applying the three most used ARF equations-Reynolds stress force ((RSF)), momentum flux density tensor force, and attenuation force. Three ARF fields obtained from the same pressure field were applied to the linear elastic model to calculate the displacement, mechanical stress, and mean pressure generated inside the tissue. Both the simple pressure field using a single transducer and the complex standing wave pressure field using two transducers were simulated.Main results. For the case using a single transducer, all three ARFs showed similar displacement. However, when comparing the mechanical stress results, only the results using the RSF showed a strong stress tensor at the focal point. For the case of using two transducers, the displacement and stress tensor field of the pattern related to the standing wave were calculated only from the results using the RSF.Significance. The model using RSF equation allows accurate analysis on stress tensor inside the tissue for ultrasound neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Kim
- Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamyar Firouzi
- Edward. L. Ginzton Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Beom Hoon Park
- Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Pyun
- Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Nyeon Kim
- Edward. L. Ginzton Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Kwan Kyu Park
- Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Butrus T Khuri-Yakub
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Kim BR, Lee CH. LKB1/STK11 Tumor Suppressor Reduces Angiogenesis by Directly Interacting with VEGFR2 in Tumorigenesis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023:biomolther.2023.106. [PMID: 37357018 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical tumors represent a prevalent form of cancer affecting women worldwide; current treatment options involve surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, is a crucial factor in cervical tumor growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of the liver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) tumor suppressor protein on tumor angiogenesis have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the role of LKB1 in cervical tumor angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo in this study. Our results demonstrated that LKB1 inhibited cervical tumor angiogenesis by suppressing the expression of angiogenesis-related factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α. LKB1 directly affected both carcinoma and vascular endothelial cells, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Furthermore, LKB1 was found to bind to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and target the VEGFR-2-mediated protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in endothelial cells, thereby reducing cervical tumor growth and angiogenesis. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of LKB1 in cervical cancer. These findings will help develop new therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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24
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Cheong MJ, Chung CH, Lee CH, Lee MS, Ha WB, Lee JH, Kang HW. Improving quality of life for a patient with fibromyalgia and their caregiver: A protocol for the application of the integrative medical service model. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33643. [PMID: 37145000 PMCID: PMC10158868 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with incurable diseases experience difficulty carrying out activities of daily living and rely on caregivers. Caregivers of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) are unable to understand the extent of the patients' suffering because the pain sites are invisible. To address this problem, this study will apply an integrative healthcare service model to a single FM case to manage pain and enhance the quality of life and, subsequently, gather feedback from different sources regarding the treatment. This paper presents the study protocol. METHODS We will conduct an observational study to gather quantitative and qualitative feedback from various perspectives regarding the application of an integrative healthcare service program for FM patients developed in Korea for an FM patient-caregiver pair. The program will comprise eight 100-minute weekly sessions, during which integrative services that combine Western and Oriental medicines (Korean traditional medicine) will be provided to enhance pain management and quality of life. The feedback collected after each session will be reflected in the next session' content. RESULTS The results will comprise the feedback from the patient and caregiver in accordance with revisions made to the program. CONCLUSIONS The results will provide basic data for optimizing an integrative healthcare service system in Korea for patients suffering from chronic pain owing to diseases such as FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Joo Cheong
- Rare Incurable Disease Integrative Medicine Treatment Laboratory, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyuk Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Ha
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine & Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Lee
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine & Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- Rare Incurable Disease Integrative Medicine Treatment Laboratory, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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25
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Godesi S, Han JR, Kim JK, Kwak DI, Lee J, Nada H, Kim M, Yang HA, Im JY, Ban HS, Lee CH, Choi Y, Won M, Lee K. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel MDH Inhibitors Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050683. [PMID: 37242466 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MDH1 and MDH2 enzymes play an important role in the survival of lung cancer. In this study, a novel series of dual MDH1/2 inhibitors for lung cancer was rationally designed and synthesized, and their SAR was carefully investigated. Among the tested compounds, compound 50 containing a piperidine ring displayed an improved growth inhibition of A549 and H460 lung cancer cell lines compared with LW1497. Compound 50 reduced the total ATP content in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner; it also significantly suppressed the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and the expression of HIF-1α target genes such as GLUT1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, compound 50 inhibited HIF-1α-regulated CD73 expression under hypoxia in A549 lung cancer cells. Collectively, these results indicate that compound 50 may pave the way for the development of next-generation dual MDH1/2 inhibitors to target lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivasulu Godesi
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ran Han
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Keun Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kwak
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-A Yang
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Im
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, KRIBB Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Won
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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Rho SB, Byun HJ, Kim BR, Lee CH. Liver Kinase B1 Mediates Its Anti-Tumor Function by Binding to the N-Terminus of Malic Enzyme 3. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:330-339. [PMID: 37095735 PMCID: PMC10129855 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a crucial tumor suppressor involved in various cellular processes, including embryonic development, tumor initiation and progression, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and metabolism. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its functions remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that LKB1 interacts directly with malic enzyme 3 (ME3) through the N-terminus of the enzyme and identified the binding regions necessary for this interaction. The binding activity was confirmed to promote the expression of ME3 in an LKB1-dependent manner and was also shown to induce apoptosis activity. Furthermore, LKB1 and ME3 overexpression upregulated the expression of tumour suppressor proteins (p53 and p21) and downregulated the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)). Additionally, LKB1 and ME3 enhanced the transcription of p21 and p53 and inhibited the transcription of NF-κB. Moreover, LKB1 and ME3 suppressed the phosphorylation of various components of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Overall, these results suggest that LKB1 promotes pro-apoptotic activities by inducing ME3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408
| | - Hyun Jung Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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Yu L, Lee H, Rho SB, Park MK, Lee CH. Ethacrynic Acid: A Promising Candidate for Drug Repurposing as an Anticancer Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076712. [PMID: 37047688 PMCID: PMC10094867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethacrynic acid (ECA) is a diuretic that inhibits Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) present in the thick ascending loop of Henle and muculo dens and is clinically used for the treatment of edema caused by excessive body fluid. However, its clinical use is limited due to its low bioavailability and side effects, such as liver damage and hearing loss at high doses. Despite this, ECA has recently emerged as a potential anticancer agent through the approach of drug repositioning, with a novel mechanism of action. ECA has been shown to regulate cancer hallmark processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, inflammation, energy metabolism, and the increase of inhibitory growth factors through various mechanisms. Additionally, ECA has been used as a scaffold for synthesizing a new material, and various derivatives have been synthesized. This review explores the potential of ECA and its derivatives as anticancer agents, both alone and in combination with adjuvants, by examining their effects on ten hallmarks of cancer and neuronal contribution to cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the trend of synthesis research of a series of ECA derivatives to improve the bioavailability of ECA. This review highlights the importance of ECA research and its potential to provide a cost-effective alternative to new drug discovery and development for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Yu L, Ji Kim H, Kim B, Jung Byun H, Minh Nguyen T, Ji Kim E, Huy Phùng H, Hyeon Kim Y, Rahman M, Yun Jang J, Bae Rho S, Jin Kang G, Lee H, Lee K, Kyung Han H, Kyung Park M, Hoon Lee C. Ethacrynic acid suppresses B7-H4 expression involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells via inhibiting STAT3 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 212:115537. [PMID: 37019184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is characterized by high incidence and mortality. 90% of cancer deaths are caused by metastases. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in cancer cells is a prerequisite for the metastatic process. Ethacrynic acid (ECA) is a loop diuretic that inhibits the EMT process in lung cancer cells. EMT has been related to the tumour immunemicroenvironment. However, the effect of ECA on immune checkpoint molecules in the context of cancer has not been fully identified. In the present study, we found that sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) and TGF-β1, awell-known EMT inducer, induced the expression of B7-H4 in lung cancer cells. We also investigated the involvement of B7-H4 in the SPC-induced EMT process. Knockdown of B7-H4 suppressed SPC-induced EMT, while B7-H4 overexpression enhanced EMT of lung cancer cells. ECA inhibited SPC/TGF-β1-induced B7-H4 expression via suppression of STAT3 activation. Moreover, ECA inhibits the colonization of mice lung by tail vein-injected LLC1 cells. ECA-treated mice increased the CD4-positive T cells in lung tumour tissues. In summary, these results suggested that ECA inhibits B7-H4 expression via STAT3 inhibition, leading to SPC/TGF-β1-induced EMT. Therefore, ECA might be an immune oncological drug for B7-H4-positive cancer, especially lung cancer.
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Jin SM, Yoo YJ, Shin HS, Kim S, Lee SN, Lee CH, Kim H, Kim JE, Bae YS, Hong J, Noh YW, Lim YT. A nanoadjuvant that dynamically coordinates innate immune stimuli activation enhances cancer immunotherapy and reduces immune cell exhaustion. Nat Nanotechnol 2023; 18:390-402. [PMID: 36635335 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01296-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional innate immune stimuli contribute to immune activation, they induce exhausted immune cells, resulting in suboptimal cancer immunotherapy. Here we suggest a kinetically activating nanoadjuvant (K-nanoadjuvant) that can dynamically integrate two waves of innate immune stimuli, resulting in effective antitumour immunity without immune cell exhaustion. The combinatorial code of K-nanoadjuvant is optimized in terms of the order, duration and time window between spatiotemporally activating Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist and other Toll-like receptor agonists. K-nanoadjuvant induces effector/non-exhausted dendritic cells that programme the magnitude and persistence of interleukin-12 secretion, generate effector/non-exhausted CD8+ T cells, and activate natural killer cells. Treatment with K-nanoadjuvant as a monotherapy or in combination therapy with anti-PD-L1 or liposomes (doxorubicin) results in strong antitumour immunity in murine models, with minimal systemic toxicity, providing a strategy for synchronous and dynamic tailoring of innate immunity for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mo Jin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sik Shin
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Nam Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - JungHyub Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woock Noh
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Department of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Jin KN, Yoo SJ, Lee CH, Lee SM, Hong H, Witanto JN, Yoon SH. Deep Learning for Estimating Lung Capacity on Chest Radiographs Predicts Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Radiology 2023; 306:e220292. [PMID: 36283113 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.220292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Total lung capacity (TLC) has been estimated with use of chest radiographs based on time-consuming methods, such as planimetric techniques and manual measurements. Purpose To develop a deep learning-based, multidimensional model capable of estimating TLC from chest radiographs and demographic variables and validate its technical performance and clinical utility with use of multicenter retrospective data sets. Materials and Methods A deep learning model was pretrained with use of 50 000 consecutive chest CT scans performed between January 2015 and June 2017. The model was fine-tuned on 3523 pairs of posteroanterior chest radiographs and plethysmographic TLC measurements from consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary function testing on the same day. The model was tested with multicenter retrospective data sets from two tertiary care centers and one community hospital, including (a) an external test set 1 (n = 207) and external test set 2 (n = 216) for technical performance and (b) patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 217) for clinical utility. Technical performance was evaluated with use of various agreement measures, and clinical utility was assessed in terms of the prognostic value for overall survival with use of multivariable Cox regression. Results The mean absolute difference and within-subject SD between observed and estimated TLC were 0.69 L and 0.73 L, respectively, in the external test set 1 (161 men; median age, 70 years [IQR: 61-76 years]) and 0.52 L and 0.53 L in the external test set 2 (113 men; median age, 63 years [IQR: 51-70 years]). In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (145 men; median age, 67 years [IQR: 61-73 years]), greater estimated TLC percentage was associated with lower mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.97 per percent; 95% CI: 0.95, 0.98; P < .001). Conclusion A fully automatic, deep learning-based model estimated total lung capacity from chest radiographs, and the model predicted survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. © RSNA, 2022 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Sorkness in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjin Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
| | - Kwang Nam Jin
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
| | - Seung-Jin Yoo
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
| | - Hyunsook Hong
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
| | - Joseph Nathanael Witanto
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- From the Department of Radiology (H.K., S.H.Y.), Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (C.H.L., S.M.L.), and Medical Research Collaborating Center (H.H.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (H.K., K.N.J., S.H.Y.); Department of Radiology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (K.N.J.); Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea (S.J.Y.); and MEDICAL IP, Seoul, Korea (J.N.W., S.H.Y.)
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Sari NY, Li TYW, Yeo S, Ngiam NJH, Lee CH, Evangelista LKM, Lee ECY, Yeo TC, Yip JWL, Poh KK, Kong WKF, Lin WQ, Lim YC, Sia CH, Wong RCC. Association of left atrial ejection fraction and cardiovascular outcomes in Asian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine's Junior Academic Fellowship Scheme
Background
The optimal method of risk stratification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, especially in the Asian population, is unknown. Left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) is an emerging risk marker for cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to investigate whether LAEF was associated with cardiovascular outcomes in Asian patients with HCM.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study performed in a tertiary academic centre involving 291 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM between 2010 and 2017. We collected the relevant clinical characteristics of these patients and retrospectively analysed the index transthoracic echocardiograms for novel left atrial indices including LAEF. We obtained the maximum (LAVmax) and minimum left atrial volumes (LAVmin) using the biplane method of disks in apical 4- and 2-chamber views. LAEF was derived by dividing the difference between LAVmax and LAVmin by LAVmax. We assessed the patients for outcomes of (1) heart failure requiring admission, and (2) a composite of adverse outcomes including all-cause mortality, ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) events, appropriate device therapy if an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted, stroke and heart failure hospitalization.
Results
The patients had a mean age of 59.0 ± 16.7 years-old at diagnosis and had a male preponderance (71.2%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease. On univariable logistic regression analysis, maximum and minimum left atrial volume index (LAVI) as well as LAEF showed a significant association with heart failure and the predefined composite outcome. On Cox regression analysis adjusting for variables of age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular maximal wall thickness >30mm, significant left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient of > 30mmHg and more than moderate mitral regurgitation, maximum and minimum LAVI as well as LAEF retained an association with heart failure admission but only minimum LAVI and LAEF were associated with the composite outcome [(OR 0.019, 95% CI 0.02-0.230, p=0.002), (OR 0.226, 95% CI 0.053-0.960, p=0.044), (OR 1.030, 95% CI 1.016-1.045, p<0.001), and (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.005-1.026, p=0.004) respectively].
Conclusion
LAEF was an independently associated with congestive heart failure as well as a composite of adverse outcomes in Asian patients with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Sari
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T Y W Li
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Yeo
- National University of Singapore, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - N J H Ngiam
- National University Health System, Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Lee
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L K M Evangelista
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - E C Y Lee
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T C Yeo
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - J W L Yip
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K K Poh
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W K F Kong
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W Q Lin
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Y C Lim
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Sia
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
| | - R C C Wong
- National University Heart Centre, Cardiology , Singapore , Singapore
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32
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Cho E, Che X, Ang MJ, Cheon S, Lee J, Kim KS, Lee CH, Lee SY, Yang HY, Moon C, Park C, Choi JY, Lee TH. Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:80122. [PMID: 36735291 PMCID: PMC9897727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in Prdx5 knockout (Prdx5Ko) male mice. To investigate the function of Prdx5 in the bone, osteoblasts were analyzed through immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, while osteoclasts were analyzed through RNA-sequencing. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was identified as a potential binding partner of Prdx5 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Prdx5 acts as a negative regulator of hnRNPK-mediated osteocalcin (Bglap) expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from the bone marrow-derived macrophages of Prdx5Ko mice showed enhanced expression of several osteoclast-related genes. These findings indicate that Prdx5 might contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast differentiation. This study proposes a new function of Prdx5 in bone remodeling that may be used in developing therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea,Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteOchangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation FoundationDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
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33
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Pel P, Kim YM, Kim HJ, Nhoek P, An CY, Son MG, Won H, Lee SE, Lee J, Kim HW, Choi YH, Lee CH, Chin YW. Isocoumarins and Benzoquinones with Their Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Expression Inhibitory Activities from Dried Roots of Lysimachia vulgaris. ACS Omega 2022; 7:47296-47305. [PMID: 36570277 PMCID: PMC9774376 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the n-hexane-soluble chemical constituents of Lysimachia vulgaris roots allowed for selection using a proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression monitoring assay in HepG2 cells. This led to the isolation of two previously undescribed isocoumarins of natural origin, 8'Z,11'Z-octadecadienyl-6,8-dihydroxyisocoumarin (1) and 3-pentadecyl-6,8-dihydroxyisocoumarin (2), along with 20 previously reported compounds (3-22). All of the structures were established using NMR spectroscopic data and MS analysis. Of the isolates, 1 and 3 were found to inhibit PCSK9, inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDOL), and SREBP2 mRNA expression. Further computational dockings of both 1 and 3 to C-ring of IDOL E3 ubiquitin ligase predicted the mechanism behind the inhibitory effect of these compounds on the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pisey Pel
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- College
of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gyung Son
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongic Won
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department
of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute
of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Lee
- Department
of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute
of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- College
of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College
of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College
of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-lo, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College
of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Lee CH, Chin KB. Effect of Pork Skin Gelatin on the Physical Properties of Pork Myofibrillar Protein Gel and Restructured Ham with Microbial Transglutaminase. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120822. [PMID: 36547346 PMCID: PMC9777981 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the qualities of pork myofibrillar protein (MP) gels added with pork gelatin and transglutaminase (TGase), as well as their application to restructured ham (RH). MP mixtures were prepared with various levels of gelatin (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%. w/w) and TGase. In this study, cooking loss (CL), gel strength, shear stress, and the microstructure of MP with various levels of gelatin were evaluated. After RHs were manufactured with varying levels of gelatin and TGase, the physicochemical and textural properties were measured. The CL of the MP with 1% (w/w) of gelatin was decreased. Regardless of the presence of TGase, increased amounts of gelatin in the MP gels resulted in high shear stress. Shear values were higher in the RH with gelatin treatment than in the other treatments. In addition, the RHs with gelatin alone or combined with TGase had high water-holding capacity. The RH with the combination of gelatin and TGase had higher sensory attributes than the control. Gelatin improved the physical properties of the RHs and is recommended for application in various meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koo Bok Chin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-530-2121; Fax: +82-62-530-2129
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35
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Lee CH, Lee JH, Jeong YW, Koh H, Kang Y. Handgrip Strength Cutoff Value Among Korean Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome Components: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data 2014-2017. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:584-591. [PMID: 36178470 DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objectives: To propose the cutoff value of handgrip strength (HGS) for each metabolic syndrome component in Korean adolescents. Methods: Total of 2303 adolescents (1226 boys and 1077 girls; age 10-18 years) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 to 2017. We used the International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome guideline for children to define metabolic syndrome. The highest HGS for both hands were recorded. The optimal HGS cutoff for predicting metabolic syndrome components was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Adolescents with metabolic syndrome components defined by each criterion had higher HGS, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase compared with average participants' data. The cutoff value of HGS defining waist circumference, TG level, high-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure was 24, 21.5, 30.9, and 30.2, respectively. The cutoff value of HGS defining metabolic syndrome was 28.9. For HGS to body weight ratio, the cutoff value defining metabolic syndrome was 0.38. Conclusions: This study showed that cutoff values of HGS have relation with metabolic syndrome in adolescents. Although cutoff has been suggested, it may not be sufficient for clinical use. Additional data are need to be accumulated in actual clinical trials for more accurate cutoff HGS value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yong Whi Jeong
- Department of Biostatistics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunkoo Kang
- Department of Pediatrics and Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Bajracharya R, Song JG, Patil BR, Lee SH, Noh HM, Kim DH, Kim GL, Seo SH, Park JW, Jeong SH, Lee CH, Han HK. Functional ligands for improving anticancer drug therapy: current status and applications to drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1959-1970. [PMID: 35762636 PMCID: PMC9246174 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2089296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy lacking target selectivity often leads to severe side effects, limiting the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Therefore, drug delivery systems ensuring both selective drug release and efficient intracellular uptake at the target sites are highly demanded in chemotherapy to improve the quality of life of patients with low toxicity. One of the effective approaches for tumor-selective drug delivery is the adoption of functional ligands that can interact with specific receptors overexpressed in malignant cancer cells. Various functional ligands including folic acid, hyaluronic acid, transferrin, peptides, and antibodies, have been extensively explored to develop tumor-selective drug delivery systems. Furthermore, cell-penetrating peptides or ligands for tight junction opening are also actively pursued to improve the intracellular trafficking of anticancer drugs. Sometimes, multiple ligands with different roles are used in combination to enhance the cellular uptake as well as target selectivity of anticancer drugs. In this review, the current status of various functional ligands applicable to improve the effectiveness of cancer chemotherapy is overviewed with a focus on their roles, characteristics, and preclinical/clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae Geun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | | | - Sang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Gyu-Lin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Soo-Hwa Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | | | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyung Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Korea
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Lu Q, Gouda NA, Quan G, Nada H, Elkamhawy A, Lee D, Lee CH, Cho J, Lee K. Novel cudraisoflavone J derivatives as potent neuroprotective agents for the treatment of Parkinson's disease via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114692. [PMID: 36029560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes uncontrollable movements. Although many breakthroughs in PD therapy have been accomplished, there is currently no cure for PD, and only trials to relieve symptoms have been evaluated. Recently, we reported the total synthesis of cudraisoflavone J and its chiral isomers [Lu et al., J. Nat. Prod. 2021, 84, 1359]. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel cudraisoflavone J derivatives and evaluated their neuroprotective activities in neurotoxin-treated PC12 cells. Among these compounds, difluoro-substituted derivative (13m) and prenylated derivative (24) provided significant protection to PC12 cells against toxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or rotenone. Both derivatives inhibited 6-OHDA- or rotenone-induced production of reactive oxygen species and partially attenuated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates, indicating their antioxidant properties. They also increased the expression of the antioxidant enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and enhanced the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, the transcription factor that regulates the expression of antioxidant proteins. The neuroprotective effects of 13m and 24 were eliminated by Zn(II)-protoporphyrin IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, demonstrating the critical role of HO-1 in their actions. Moreover, upregulation of HO-1 was abolished by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) knockdown, verifying that Nrf2 is an upstream regulator of HO-1. Compounds 13m and 24 triggered phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and Akt. Most importantly, 13m- and 24-induced enhancement of Nrf2 translocation and HO-1 expression was reversed by U0126 (an ERK inhibitor), SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), and LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor). Collectively, our results show that compounds 13m and 24 exert neuroprotective and antioxidant effects through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway mediated by phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, or Akt in PC12 cells. Based on our findings, both derivatives could serve as potential therapeutic candidates for the neuroprotective treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Noha A Gouda
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Guofeng Quan
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam Nada
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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38
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Lee CH, Wu MZ, Lui DTW, Fong CHY, Ren QW, Yu SY, Yuen MMA, Chow WS, Huang JY, Xu A, Yiu KH, Lam KSL. Prospective associations of circulating thrombospondin-2 level with heart failure hospitalization, left ventricular remodeling and diastolic function in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:231. [PMID: 36335340 PMCID: PMC9637303 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) levels were associated with the development of heart failure (HF) in recent studies. However, these studies included only a minority of patients with type 2 diabetes, which is associated with an increased HF risk. As hyperglycemia induces TSP2 expression and its tissue expression increases in type 2 diabetes, we investigated the prospective association of circulating TSP2 with incident HF hospitalization (HHF), and its associations with longitudinal changes of echocardiographic parameters in type 2 diabetes. Methods Baseline serum TSP2 levels were measured in 4949 patients with type 2 diabetes to determine its association with incident HHF using multivariable Cox regression analysis. In the echocardiographic study, baseline serum TSP2 levels were measured in another 146 patients with type 2 diabetes but without cardiovascular diseases who underwent detailed transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and after 1 year. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 330 of 4949 patients (6.7%) developed incident HHF. Baseline serum TSP2 levels were independently associated with the development of HHF (HR 1.31, 95%CI 1.06–1.62, p = 0.014) after adjustments for baseline conventional cardiovascular risk factors, atrial fibrillation, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, loop-diuretics, aspirin, insulin, metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Moreover, baseline serum TSP2 levels were independently associated with increase in average E/e’ and left atrial volume index (p = 0.04 and < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion Serum TSP2 levels were independently associated with both incident HHF and deterioration in diastolic function in type 2 diabetes. Trial registration Not Applicable Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01646-x.
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Go SH, Rho SB, Yang DW, Kim BR, Lee CH, Lee SH. HPV-18 E7 Interacts with Elk-1 Leading to Elevation of the Transcriptional Activity of Elk-1 in Cervical Cancer. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:593-602. [PMID: 36305294 PMCID: PMC9622318 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV)-18 E7 (E7) oncoprotein is a major transforming protein that is thought to be involved in the development of cervical cancer. It is well-known that E7 stimulates tumour development by inactivating pRb. However, this alone cannot explain the various characteristics acquired by HPV infection. Therefore, we examined other molecules that could help explain the acquired cancer properties during E7-induced cancer development. Using the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) method, we found that the Elk-1 factor, which is crucial for cell proliferation, invasion, cell survival, anti-apoptotic activity, and cancer development, binds to the E7. By determining which part of E7 binds to which domain of Elk-1 using the Y2H method, it was found that CR2 and CR3 of the E7 and parts 1–206, including the ETS-DNA domain of Elk-1, interact with each other. As a result of their interaction, the transcriptional activity of Elk-1 was increased, thereby increasing the expression of target genes EGR-1, c-fos, and E2F. Additionally, the colony forming assay revealed that overexpression of Elk-1 and E7 promotes C33A cell proliferation. We expect that the discovery of a novel E7 function as an Elk-1 activator could help explain whether the E7 has novel oncogenic activities in addition to p53 inactivation. We also expect that it will offer new methods for developing improved strategies for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Ho Go
- Department of Life Science, Yong In University, Yongin 17092,
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408,
| | - Dong-Wha Yang
- Department of Life Science, Yong In University, Yongin 17092,
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Yong In University, Yongin 17092,
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40
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Teo Y, Yong CL, Ou YH, Tam WW, Koo CY, Lee CH. Sleep apnea and temporal changes in cardiac repolarization in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), despite re-establishing coronary reperfusion, myocardial recovery and restoration of contractility often occur later, and the risk of adverse cardiovascular events persists during the post-CABG period. The occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events is linked to abnorm-al cardiac repolarisation that can be measured by surface electrocardiograms (ECGs). Sleep apnoea is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. The relationship between sleep apnoea, abnorm-al cardiac repolarisation, and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events is not well studied.
Purpose
We investigated the impact of sleep apnoea on the change in repolarisation after CABG, and if the change in repolarisation is associated with the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).
Methods
Between November 2013 and December 2018, 1007 patients from 4 hospitals underwent an overnight sleep study prior to a non-emergent CABG. ECGs were acquired prospectively within 48h before the CABG (T1), and within 24h after the CABG (T2). QTc intervals were measured in three consecutive heart beats in one lead - the preferential lead measurements were lead II, followed by lead V5. QTc intervals were measured using the BRAVO algorithm by Analysing Medical Parameters for Solutions (AMPS) LLC. The change of T2 from T1 for QTc (ΔQTc) was derived. The mean follow-up duration was 2.1 years. MACCE was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and unplanned revascularisation.
Results
A total of 954 patients (median age: 62 years; male: 86%) survived the initial 24 hours and had quality ECGs for analysis. Lead II and V5 were measured in 72% and 25% of the cohort, respectively. A total of 115 patients developed MACCE (MACCE group). Compared with the non-MACCE group, the MACCE group was older, had (a) a higher prevalence of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, (b) higher apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and (c) a smaller ΔQTc (Table). In Cox regression analysis, a smaller ΔQTc was independently associated with occurrence of MACCE (HR: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.000–1.006; p=0.032).
Older age, history of previous stroke, chronic kidney disease, more severe sleep apnoea (higher AHI, ODI, and severe oxygen desaturation) were associated with smaller ΔQTc. After adjusting for the effects of confounding variables, a higher ODI was independently associated with a smaller ΔQTc (correlation coefficient: −0.58; p<0.001).
Conclusions
In patients undergoing a non-emergent CABG, a smaller ΔQTc during the first 24 hours after the CABG is associated with a higher incidence of MACCE. A higher pre-operative ODI based on a sleep study is an independent predictor of a smaller ΔQTc. This suggests that change in QTc within 24 hours after CABG could be due to sleep apnoea, and it is a novel predictor of occurrence of MACCE at medium term follow-up.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Transition Award and Clinician Scientist Award from the National Medical Research Council of Singapore (award numbers: NMRC/TA/012/2012; NMRC/CSA-INV/002/2015)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Teo
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C L Yong
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Y H Ou
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W W Tam
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C Y Koo
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Lee
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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Chew N, Ng CH, Kong G, Chin YH, Lim O, Lim WH, Dalakoti M, Khoo CM, Kong W, Poh KK, Foo R, Lee CH, Chan MY, Muthiah M, Loh PH. Metabolic associated fatty liver disease increases risk of adverse events after acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) was recently introduced as an alternative definition for fatty liver, that has been linked to an increased risk of systemic end-organ damage. However, current studies have not examined the impact of MAFLD on patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Here, we present a retrospective analysis on the short and long-term outcomes of ACS patients with MAFLD.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted in a tertiary care centre. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis was examined with hepatic steatosis index and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index. The primary and secondary outcomes of the analysis were long term all-cause mortality, and in-hospital all-cause mortality, stroke, heart failure and cardiogenic shock respectively. Adjusted analysis was conducted for primary and secondary outcomes with covariates including age, sex, race, type of ACS and previous myocardial infarction.
Results
A total of 5770 patients were included in the analysis, and 21% of ACS patients had concomitant MAFLD. MAFLD resulted in a 23% increase in long-term all-cause mortality compared to non-MAFLD (HR: 1.230, CI: 1.065 to 1.420, p=0.005). MAFLD increased the risk of in-hospital mortality, stroke, heart failure and cardiogenic shock compared to non-MAFLD. A sensitivity analysis conducted based on MAFLD with advance fibrosis, chronic kidney disease and diabetes also demonstrated significantly increased effect size magnitude of all-cause mortality, compared to non-MAFLD.
Conclusion
MAFLD represents an encapsulation of metabolism dysregulation and has been associated with increased risk of systematic disease. The present study shows that MAFLD is associated with significantly increased adverse prognostic outcomes after ACS compared to non-MAFLD. An increase in awareness of MAFLD is required beyond the field of hepatology for improvements in multidisciplinary care and management.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chew
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Ng
- National University Health System , Singapore , Singapore
| | - G Kong
- National University Health System , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Y H Chin
- National University Health System , Singapore , Singapore
| | - O Lim
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W H Lim
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Dalakoti
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C M Khoo
- National University Health System , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W Kong
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K K Poh
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - R Foo
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Lee
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Muthiah
- National University Health System , Singapore , Singapore
| | - P H Loh
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
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Chew NWS, Ng CH, Kong G, Tan D, Lim WH, Kofidis T, Yip J, Loh PH, Chan KH, Low A, Lee CH, Yeo TC, Tan HC, Chan MY. Reconstructed meta-analysis of percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary artery bypass grafting for left main disease. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) have reported conflicting results.
Objectives
We performed a systematic review from inception to 23 May 2021 and one-stage reconstructed individual-patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA) that included 10-year mortality outcomes.
Methods
The primary outcome was 10-year all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and unplanned revascularization at 5 years. We did IPDMA using published Kaplan-Meier curves to provide individual data points in coordinates and numbers at risk were used to increase the calibration accuracy of the reconstructed data. Shared frailty model or, when proportionality assumptions were not met, a restricted mean survival time model were fitted to compare outcomes between treatment groups.
Results
Of 583 articles retrieved, 5 RCTs were included. A total of 4595 patients from these 5 RCTs were randomly assigned to PCI (N=2297) or CABG (N=2298). The cumulative 10-year all-cause mortality after PCI and CABG was 12.0% versus 10.6% respectively (HR 1.093, 95% CI: 0.925–1.292; p=0.296). PCI conferred similar time-to-MI (RMST ratio 1.006, 95% CI: 0.992–1.021, p=0.391) and stroke (RMST ratio 1.005, 95% CI: 0.998–1.013, p=0.133) at 5 years. Unplanned revascularization was more frequent following PCI compared with CABG (HR 1.807, 95% CI: 1.524–2.144, p<0.001) at 5 years.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis using reconstructed participant-level time-to-event data showed no statistically significant difference in cumulative 10-year all-cause mortality between PCI versus CABG in the treatment of LMCAD.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W S Chew
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Ng
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - G Kong
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - D Tan
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W H Lim
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T Kofidis
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - J Yip
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - P H Loh
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K H Chan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - A Low
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Lee
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T C Yeo
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H C Tan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
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Chew NWS, Ng CH, Xiao JL, Chan KH, Loh PH, Low A, Lee CH, Tan HC, Chan MY. Coronary artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting for multivessel coronary artery disease without left main coronary disease:reconstructed individual patient data. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and aims
Data are emerging on 10-year mortality comparing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting for multivessel disease (MVD) without left main (LM) involvement. We conducted an updated two-stage meta-analysis using reconstructed individual patient data to compare long-term mortality between CABG and PCI for patients with MVD without significant LM coronary disease.
Methods
Medline and Embase databases were searched for articles comparing CABG with PCI for MVD. A two-stage meta-analysis was conducted using reconstructed patient level survival data for all-cause mortality with subgroups by SYNTAX score. The shared-frailty and stratified Cox models were fitted to compare survival endpoints.
Results
We screened 1496 studies and included six randomized controlled trials with 7181 patients. PCI was associated with greater 10-year all-cause mortality risk (HR: 1.282, CI: 1.118–1.469, p<0.001) compared with CABG. In patients with low SYNTAX score, 10-year all-cause mortality after PCI was comparable to CABG (HR: 1.102, 0.822–1.479, p=0.516). However, in patients with moderate to high SYNTAX score, 10-year all-cause mortality was significantly higher after PCI compared with CABG (HR: 1.444, 1.122–1.858, p<0.001; HR: 1.856, 1.380–2.497, p<0.001 respectively).
Conclusion
This updated reconstructed individual patient-data meta-analysis revealed a sustained lower cumulative all-cause mortality of CABG over PCI for multivessel disease without LM involvement.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W S Chew
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Ng
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - J L Xiao
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K H Chan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - P H Loh
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - A Low
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Lee
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H C Tan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
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Chew N, Teo V, Tan C, Kong G, Chin YH, Ambhore A, Low A, Lee CH, Chan MY, Tan HC, Ph LOH. A 10-year cohort on prognostic outcomes in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock and/or cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiogenic shock (CS) and cardiac arrest (CA) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) portend unfavourable outcomes. This study examined the prognosis of patients presenting with AMI complicated by CS and/or CA.
Methods
Consecutive patients presented with AMI to a percutaneous coronary intervention-capable tertiary institution between 2011 and 2021 were studied. Patients were stratified based on the presence or absence of CS (CS+ or CS−) and CA (CA+ or CA−). The primary outcome was 30-day cardiovascular-related mortality. Subgroup analyses based on AMI-type and sex were conducted. Kaplan-Meier curves for cardiovascular-related mortality based on the AMI-type and sex were constructed.
Results
The study included 11,608 AMI patients, 283 of whom had CS+/CA+, 1,068 had CS+/CA−, 54 had CS−/CA+ and 10,203 had CS−/CA−. Cardiovascular-related mortality was significantly higher for CS+/CA+ (57.6%), followed by CS+/CA− (41.6%), CS−/CA+ (20.4%) and CS−/CA− (2.4%). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated CS+/CA+ group had the highest mortality (HR=36.26; 95% CI: 29.71–44.25, p<0.001), followed by CS+/CA− (HR=21.59; 95% CI: 18.47–25.24, p<0.001) and CS−/CA+ (HR=9.18; 95% CI: 5.02–16.80, p<0.001), with CS−/CA− as the reference. Those with NSTEMI had consistently higher cardiovascular-related mortality rates than their STEMI counterparts for all groups, apart from the CS+/CA+ group. The sex-specific analysis demonstrated that the survival curves for females with CS+/CA+, CS+/CA− and CS−/CA+ converged, whilst the survival curves for males diverged over time. The multivariable Cox regression revealed the presence of CS and CA are independent predictors of cardiovascular-related mortality, but not NSTEMI, when adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, left ventricular ejection fraction, chronic renal failure, and culprit vessel.
Conclusions
AMI associated with CA and CS portends the least favourable survival, followed by those with CS or CA alone. Excess mortality was observed in the traditionally perceived lower-risk groups, particularly in women. This calls for increased awareness amongst clinicians when managing this subset of high-risk patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chew
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - V Teo
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C Tan
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - G Kong
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Y H Chin
- National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - A Ambhore
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - A Low
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Lee
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H C Tan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L O H Ph
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
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Chen CY, Li YH, Lee CH, Lin HW, Lin SH. Legacy effects of infection in patients with heart failure: a national cohort study of 31,318 patients in Taiwan. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although infection is a common cause of hospitalization in patients (pts) with heart failure (HF), the long-term cardiovascular (CV) prognosis in HF after infection is not well studied.
Methods and results
From 2009 to 2015, 310,485 pts with their first HF admissions and survival to discharge were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Among the pts, 103,505 (33.3%) were readmitted within 1 year after HF discharge for infection, including pneumonia (44.2%), urinary tract infection (UTI) (37.9%), skin and soft tissue infections (9.7%), and others (8.1%). Those without admission for any infection were controls. We compared the primary composite endpoint, including all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, and hospitalization for HF (HHF) between the 2 groups after the infection episode. After propensity score matching, the clinical characteristics (age 71.7±13.9 years, male 52.0%) and treatment were similar between the groups (n=15,659 in each group). In a mean follow-up time of 4.3±2.9 years, 86.2% pts with a history of infection admission and 63.6% pts in the control group met the primary endpoint. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed the infection group had a higher risk of the primary composite endpoint (HR 1.760, 95% CI 1.714–1.807), including all-cause death (HR 1.587, 95% CI: 1.540–1.636), HHF (HR 1.993, 95% CI 1.922–2.066), AMI (HR 1.332, 95% CI 1.224–1.450), and stroke (HR 1.769, 95% CI 1.664–1.882). In infection group, HHF was the earliest outcome event with a mean time of 17.5 months and mortality is the second early event with a mean time of 23 months after discharge from the infection episode. Pneumonia carried a higher risk than UTI for the primary composite endpoint (HR 1.140, 95% CI 1.104–1.178).
Conclusions
One-third of HF pts discharged from the hospital experienced acute infection that required readmission. The pts had worse CV prognosis after readmission for infectious disease compared to those without infection
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private hospital(s). Main funding source(s): This study is supported by National Cheng Kung University Hospital and Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chen
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Y H Li
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - C H Lee
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - H W Lin
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - S H Lin
- National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
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Chew NWS, Zhang A, Koh S, Ong JL, Kong G, Lim O, Kuntjoro I, Kong W, Low A, Lee CH, Chan MY, Yeo TC, Tan HC, Poh KK, Loh PH. Higher long-term mortality in patients with concomitant acute coronary syndrome and aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Aortic stenosis (AS) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) share similar cardiovascular risk factors, and their concomitant presentation is increasing in incidence with the aging population. Yet literature regarding the prognosis of patients with concomitant ACS and AS remains scarce.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study examined consecutive patients presenting with ACS (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-STEMI [NSTEMI]) and concomitant AS between 1 January 2011 and 31 March 2021 in a tertiary hospital. The cohort was divided into mild, moderate and severe AS based on index echocardiogram. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to compare all-cause mortality among the three groups of patients, based on ACS type and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Multivariable Cox regression was performed to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality.
Results
Of a total of 563 patients, 264 had mild (46.9%), 193 moderate (34.3%) and 106 severe AS (18.8%). The mean follow-up duration was 2.5 (± 2.4) years. Majority of patients (72.5%) presented with NSTEMI. Patients with moderate and severe AS had higher rates of all-cause mortality compared to those with mild AS (49.7% vs. 51.4% vs. 35.6% respectively, p=0.002). Concomitant moderate (HR 1.439, 95% CI 1.012–2.048, p=0.043) and severe AS (HR 1.844, 95% CI 1.159–2.933, p=0.010) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality after adjusting for age, gender, LVEF, ACS type, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement as a time-dependent variable. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated excess mortality in moderate and severe AS, compared to the mild AS group (p<0.001), with similar survival trends observed in the STEMI and the NSTEMI groups, as well as those with preserved LVEF.
Conclusion
Regardless of the ACS presentation type, long-term excess mortality in those with concomitant moderate or severe AS was observed. The adverse prognosis typically observed in patients with concomitant severe AS, in the setting of ACS, extends to patients with moderate AS.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W S Chew
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - A Zhang
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Koh
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - J L Ong
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - G Kong
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - O Lim
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - I Kuntjoro
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W Kong
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - A Low
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C H Lee
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T C Yeo
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H C Tan
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K K Poh
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
| | - P H Loh
- National University Heart Centre , Singapore , Singapore
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48
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Park SG, Ji MJ, Ham IH, Shin YH, Lee SM, Lee CH, Kim E, Hur H, Park HM, Kim JY. Secretome analysis reveals reduced expression of COL4A2 in hypoxic cancer-associated fibroblasts with a tumor-promoting function in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04361-y. [PMID: 36125535 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hypoxic TME is known to promote tumor progression. However, how a hypoxic condition regulates CAFs remains elusive. METHODS To investigate the underlying mechanism involved in the regulation of gastric cancer (GC) progression by hypoxic CAFs, we performed secretome profiling. Normoxic or hypoxic CAFs conditioned media (CM) were filter-concentrated and in-gel trypsin digested. Resulting peptides were analyzed with LC-MS/MS. RESULTS We observed that CM derived from hypoxic CAFs could promote migration of a panel of GC cell lines (AGS, SNU668, SNU638). Mass spectrometry analysis of hypoxic or normoxic CAFs CM identified 1595 proteins, of which 19 proteins (10 upregulated and 9 downregulated) were differentially expressed in the hypoxic secretome. We focused on COL4A2, whose expression was significantly decreased in hypoxic CAFs in HIF-1α-independent manner. Silencing of COL4A2 expression in normoxic CAFs phenocopied the effect of hypoxic CAFs in promoting GC cell migration. CONCLUSIONS The reduced expression of COL4A2 in a hypoxic environment might be associated with the tumor-promoting role of hypoxic CAFs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Gyu Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Ji
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Inflammaging Translational Research Cancer, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Shin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,R and D center, SCBIO Co. Ltd, Daejeon, 34050, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Inflammaging Translational Research Cancer, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Graduated School of Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mee Park
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02456, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Borzée A, Shin Y, Poyarkov NA, Jeon JY, Baek HJ, Lee CH, An J, Hong YJ, Min MS, Jee Hong Y, Min MS. Dwindling in the mountains: Description of a critically endangered and microendemic Onychodactylus species (Amphibia, Hynobiidae) from the Korean Peninsula. Zool Res 2022; 43:750-755. [PMID: 35927397 PMCID: PMC9486521 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China,E-mail:
| | - Yucheol Shin
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikolay A. Poyarkov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Jong Yoon Jeon
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jun Baek
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa An
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute for Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yoon Jee Hong
- Animal Resources Division, National Institute for Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mi-Sook Min
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea,
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Nguyen PL, Elkamhawy A, Choi YH, Lee CH, Lee K, Cho J. Suppression of Tumor Growth and Cell Migration by Indole-Based Benzenesulfonamides and Their Synergistic Effects in Combination with Doxorubicin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179903. [PMID: 36077298 PMCID: PMC9456432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme activity targeting carbonic anhydrases (CAs) demonstrated antiglaucoma and anticancer effects through pH control. Recently, we reported a series of indole-based benzenesulfonamides as potent CA inhibitors. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of these compounds against various cancer cell lines, including breast cancer (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3), lung cancer (A549), and pancreatic cancer (Panc1) cells. Overall, more potent cytotoxicity was observed on MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells than on lung or pancreatic cancer cells. Among the 15 compounds tested, A6 and A15 exhibited potent cytotoxic and antimigratory activities against MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells in the CoCl2-induced hypoxic condition. While A6 and A15 markedly reduced the viability of control siRNA-treated cells, these compounds could not significantly reduce the viability of CA IX-knockdown cells, suggesting the role of CA IX in their anticancer activities. To assess whether these compounds exerted synergism with a conventional anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), the cytotoxic effects of A6 or A15 combined with DOX were analyzed using Chou−Talalay and Bliss independence methods. Our data revealed that both A6 and A15 significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of DOX. Among the tested pairs, the combination of DOX with A15 showed the strongest synergism on SK-BR-3 cells. Moreover, this combination further attenuated cell migration compared to the respective drug. Collectively, our results demonstrated that A6 and A15 suppressed tumor growth and cell migration of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells through inhibition of CA IX, and the combination of these compounds with DOX exhibited synergistic cytotoxic effects on these breast cancer cells. Therefore, A6 and A15 may serve as potential anticancer agents alone or in combination with DOX against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Young Hee Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.C.)
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