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Nahain AA, Li J, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Li JP, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Vamvounis G, Ferro V. Antiviral Activities of Heparan Sulfate Mimetic RAFT Polymers Against Mosquito-borne Viruses. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:2862-2871. [PMID: 38699864 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne viruses are a major worldwide health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality rates and significant impacts on national healthcare budgets. The development of antiviral drugs for both the treatment and prophylaxis of these diseases is thus of considerable importance. To address the need for therapeutics with antiviral activity, a library of heparan sulfate mimetic polymers was screened against dengue virus (DENV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Ross River virus (RRV). The polymers were prepared by RAFT polymerization of various acidic monomers with a target MW of 20 kDa (average Mn ∼ 27 kDa by GPC). Among the polymers, poly(SS), a homopolymer of sodium styrenesulfonate, was identified as a broad spectrum antiviral with activity against all the tested viruses and particularly potent inhibition of YFV (IC50 = 310 pM). Our results further uncovered that poly(SS) exhibited a robust inhibition of ZIKV infection in both mosquito and human cell lines, which points out the potential functions of poly(SS) in preventing mosquito-borne viruses associated diseases by blocking viral transmission in their mosquito vectors and mitigating viral infection in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jinlin Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Pegg CL, Modhiran N, Parry RH, Liang B, Amarilla AA, Khromykh AA, Burr L, Young PR, Chappell K, Schulz BL, Watterson D. The role of N-glycosylation in spike antigenicity for the SARS-CoV-2 gamma variant. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwad097. [PMID: 38048640 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants alters the efficacy of existing immunity towards the viral spike protein, whether acquired from infection or vaccination. Mutations that impact N-glycosylation of spike may be particularly important in influencing antigenicity, but their consequences are difficult to predict. Here, we compare the glycosylation profiles and antigenicity of recombinant viral spike of ancestral Wu-1 and the Gamma strain, which has two additional N-glycosylation sites due to amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal domain (NTD). We found that a mutation at residue 20 from threonine to asparagine within the NTD caused the loss of NTD-specific antibody COVA2-17 binding. Glycan site-occupancy analyses revealed that the mutation resulted in N-glycosylation switching to the new sequon at N20 from the native N17 site. Site-specific glycosylation profiles demonstrated distinct glycoform differences between Wu-1, Gamma, and selected NTD variant spike proteins, but these did not affect antibody binding. Finally, we evaluated the specificity of spike proteins against convalescent COVID-19 sera and found reduced cross-reactivity against some mutants, but not Gamma spike compared to Wuhan spike. Our results illustrate the impact of viral divergence on spike glycosylation and SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rhys H Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006, Australia
| | - Lucy Burr
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Health Services, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006, Australia
| | - Keith Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Chemistry Building 68, Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Building 75, Corner College Road and Cooper Road, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4006, Australia
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McMillan CLD, Wijesundara DK, Choo JJY, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Fernando GJP, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Young PR, Muller DA. Enhancement of cellular immunity following needle-free vaccination of mice with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38271027 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for vaccines capable of providing rapid and robust protection. One way to improve vaccine efficacy is delivery via microarray patches, such as the Vaxxas high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP). We have previously demonstrated that delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine candidate, HexaPro, via the HD-MAP induces potent humoral immune responses. Here, we investigate the cellular responses induced by HexaPro HD-MAP vaccination. We found that delivery via the HD-MAP induces a type one biassed cellular response of much greater magnitude as compared to standard intramuscular immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, Queensland 4007, Australia
| | - Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, Queensland 4007, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
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Aguado J, Amarilla AA, Taherian Fard A, Albornoz EA, Tyshkovskiy A, Schwabenland M, Chaggar HK, Modhiran N, Gómez-Inclán C, Javed I, Baradar AA, Liang B, Peng L, Dharmaratne M, Pietrogrande G, Padmanabhan P, Freney ME, Parry R, Sng JDJ, Isaacs A, Khromykh AA, Valenzuela Nieto G, Rojas-Fernandez A, Davis TP, Prinz M, Bengsch B, Gladyshev VN, Woodruff TM, Mar JC, Watterson D, Wolvetang EJ. Senolytic therapy alleviates physiological human brain aging and COVID-19 neuropathology. Nat Aging 2023; 3:1561-1575. [PMID: 37957361 PMCID: PMC10724067 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to severe neurological manifestations. Senescent cells contribute to brain aging, but the impact of virus-induced senescence on neuropathologies is unknown. Here we show that senescent cells accumulate in aged human brain organoids and that senolytics reduce age-related inflammation and rejuvenate transcriptomic aging clocks. In postmortem brains of patients with severe COVID-19 we observed increased senescent cell accumulation compared with age-matched controls. Exposure of human brain organoids to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced cellular senescence, and transcriptomic analysis revealed a unique SARS-CoV-2 inflammatory signature. Senolytic treatment of infected brain organoids blocked viral replication and prevented senescence in distinct neuronal populations. In human-ACE2-overexpressing mice, senolytics improved COVID-19 clinical outcomes, promoted dopaminergic neuron survival and alleviated viral and proinflammatory gene expression. Collectively our results demonstrate an important role for cellular senescence in driving brain aging and SARS-CoV-2-induced neuropathology, and a therapeutic benefit of senolytic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Atefeh Taherian Fard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eduardo A Albornoz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Tyshkovskiy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marius Schwabenland
- Institute of Neuropathology and Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harman K Chaggar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cecilia Gómez-Inclán
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alireza A Baradar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lianli Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malindrie Dharmaratne
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Giovanni Pietrogrande
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pranesh Padmanabhan
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Morgan E Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guillermo Valenzuela Nieto
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System, CISNE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Berking Biotechnology, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology and Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Disease, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Pliego Zamora A, Kim J, Vajjhala PR, Thygesen SJ, Watterson D, Modhiran N, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Stacey KJ. Kinetics of severe dengue virus infection and development of gut pathology in mice. J Virol 2023; 97:e0125123. [PMID: 37850747 PMCID: PMC10688336 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01251-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dengue virus, an arbovirus, causes an estimated 100 million symptomatic infections annually and is an increasing threat as the mosquito range expands with climate change. Dengue epidemics are a substantial strain on local economies and health infrastructure, and an understanding of what drives severe disease may enable treatments to help reduce hospitalizations. Factors exacerbating dengue disease are debated, but gut-related symptoms are much more frequent in severe than mild cases. Using mouse models of dengue infection, we have shown that inflammation and damage are earlier and more severe in the gut than in other tissues. Additionally, we observed impairment of the gut mucus layer and propose that breakdown of the barrier function exacerbates inflammation and promotes severe dengue disease. This idea is supported by recent data from human patients showing elevated bacteria-derived molecules in dengue patient serum. Therapies aiming to maintain gut integrity may help to abrogate severe dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pliego Zamora
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaehyeon Kim
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Parimala R. Vajjhala
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara J. Thygesen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katryn J. Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Chappell KJ, Mordant FL, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Liang B, Li Z, Wijesundara DK, Lackenby JA, Griffin P, Bennet JK, Hensen L, Zhang W, Nguyen THO, Tran MH, Tapley P, Barnes J, Reading PC, Kedzierska K, Ranasinghe C, Subbarao K, Watterson D, Young PR, Munro TP. Long-term safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted spike glycoprotein-clamp vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in adults aged 18-55 years or ≥56 years: 12-month results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104842. [PMID: 37865043 PMCID: PMC10597768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted COVID-19 vaccine based on the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein stabilised in a pre-fusion conformation by a molecular clamp using HIV-1 glycoprotein 41 sequences. Here, we describe 12-month results in adults aged 18-55 years and ≥56 years. METHODS Phase 1, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Australia (July 2020-December 2021; ClinicalTrials.govNCT04495933; active, not recruiting). Healthy adults (Part 1: 18-55 years; Part 2: ≥56 years) received two doses of placebo, 5 μg, 15 μg, or 45 μg vaccine, or one 45 μg dose of vaccine followed by placebo (Part 1 only), 28 days apart (n = 216; 24 per group). Safety, humoral immunogenicity (including against virus variants), and cellular immunogenicity were assessed to day 394 (12 months after second dose). Effects of subsequent COVID-19 vaccination on humoral responses were examined. FINDINGS All two-dose vaccine regimens were well tolerated and elicited strong antigen-specific and neutralising humoral responses, and CD4+ T-cell responses, by day 43 in younger and older adults, although cellular responses were lower in older adults. Humoral responses waned by day 209 but were boosted in those receiving authorised vaccines. Neutralising activity against Delta and Omicron variants was present but lower than against the Wuhan strain. Cross-reactivity in HIV diagnostic tests declined over time but remained detectable in most participants. INTERPRETATION The SARS-CoV-2 molecular clamp vaccine is well tolerated and evokes robust immune responses in adults of all ages. Although the HIV glycoprotein 41-based molecular clamp is not being progressed, the clamp concept represents a viable platform for vaccine development. FUNDING This study was funded by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia, and the Queensland Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julia A Lackenby
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Griffin
- Nucleus Network Brisbane Clinic, Herston, QLD, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Health, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mai H Tran
- Agilex Biolabs, Thebarton, SA, Australia
| | | | - James Barnes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent P Munro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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7
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Modhiran N, Lauer SM, Amarilla AA, Hewins P, Lopes van den Broek SI, Low YS, Thakur N, Liang B, Nieto GV, Jung J, Paramitha D, Isaacs A, Sng JD, Song D, Jørgensen JT, Cheuquemilla Y, Bürger J, Andersen IV, Himelreichs J, Jara R, MacLoughlin R, Miranda-Chacon Z, Chana-Cuevas P, Kramer V, Spahn C, Mielke T, Khromykh AA, Munro T, Jones ML, Young PR, Chappell K, Bailey D, Kjaer A, Herth MM, Jurado KA, Schwefel D, Rojas-Fernandez A, Watterson D. A nanobody recognizes a unique conserved epitope and potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants. iScience 2023; 26:107085. [PMID: 37361875 PMCID: PMC10251734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) Omicron variant sub-lineages spread rapidly worldwide, mostly due to their immune-evasive properties. This has put a significant part of the population at risk for severe disease and underscores the need for effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents against emergent strains in vulnerable patients. Camelid nanobodies are attractive therapeutic candidates due to their high stability, ease of large-scale production, and potential for delivery via inhalation. Here, we characterize the receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific nanobody W25 and show superior neutralization activity toward Omicron sub-lineages in comparison to all other SARS-CoV2 variants. Structure analysis of W25 in complex with the SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein shows that W25 engages an RBD epitope not covered by any of the antibodies previously approved for emergency use. In vivo evaluation of W25 prophylactic and therapeutic treatments across multiple SARS-CoV-2 variant infection models, together with W25 biodistribution analysis in mice, demonstrates favorable pre-clinical properties. Together, these data endorse W25 for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon Malte Lauer
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Hewins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Irene Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yu Shang Low
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Guildford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Guillermo Valenzuela Nieto
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System, CISNE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - James Jung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Devina Paramitha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian D.J. Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Song
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesper Tranekjær Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yorka Cheuquemilla
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System, CISNE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jörg Bürger
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ida Vang Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Himelreichs
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System, CISNE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ronald Jara
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System, CISNE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen Limited, Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Pedro Chana-Cuevas
- CETRAM & Faculty of Medical Science Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Vasko Kramer
- PositronPharma SA, Rancagua 878, 7500921 Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Spahn
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Mielke
- Microscopy and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Service Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent Munro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina L. Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Guildford, UK
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kellie Ann Jurado
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Schwefel
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Berking Biotechnology, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Albornoz EA, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Parker S, Li XX, Wijesundara DK, Aguado J, Zamora AP, McMillan CLD, Liang B, Peng NYG, Sng JDJ, Saima FT, Fung JN, Lee JD, Paramitha D, Parry R, Avumegah MS, Isaacs A, Lo MW, Miranda-Chacon Z, Bradshaw D, Salinas-Rebolledo C, Rajapakse NW, Wolvetang EJ, Munro TP, Rojas-Fernandez A, Young PR, Stacey KJ, Khromykh AA, Chappell KJ, Watterson D, Woodruff TM. SARS-CoV-2 drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human microglia through spike protein. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2878-2893. [PMID: 36316366 PMCID: PMC10615762 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease, however, an increasing number of reports indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection can also cause severe neurological manifestations, including precipitating cases of probable Parkinson's disease. As microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a major driver of neurodegeneration, here we interrogated whether SARS-CoV-2 can promote microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using SARS-CoV-2 infection of transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as a COVID-19 pre-clinical model, we established the presence of virus in the brain together with microglial activation and NLRP3 inflammasome upregulation in comparison to uninfected mice. Next, utilising a model of human monocyte-derived microglia, we identified that SARS-CoV-2 isolates can bind and enter human microglia in the absence of viral replication. This interaction of virus and microglia directly induced robust inflammasome activation, even in the absence of another priming signal. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that purified SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in LPS-primed microglia, in a ACE2-dependent manner. Spike protein also could prime the inflammasome in microglia through NF-κB signalling, allowing for activation through either ATP, nigericin or α-synuclein. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 and spike protein-mediated microglial inflammasome activation was significantly enhanced in the presence of α-synuclein fibrils and was entirely ablated by NLRP3-inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 infected hACE2 mice treated orally post-infection with the NLRP3 inhibitory drug MCC950, have significantly reduced microglial inflammasome activation, and increased survival in comparison with untreated SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. These results support a possible mechanism of microglial innate immune activation by SARS-CoV-2, which could explain the increased vulnerability to developing neurological symptoms akin to Parkinson's disease in COVID-19 infected individuals, and a potential therapeutic avenue for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A Albornoz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sandra Parker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Xaria X Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty. Ltd., Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Adriana Pliego Zamora
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nias Y G Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Fatema Tuj Saima
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jenny N Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Devina Paramitha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael S Avumegah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Martin W Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zaray Miranda-Chacon
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Medical School, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Daniella Bradshaw
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Niwanthi W Rajapakse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Trent P Munro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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9
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Isaacs A, Low YS, Macauslane KL, Seitanidou J, Pegg CL, Cheung STM, Liang B, Scott CAP, Landsberg MJ, Schulz BL, Chappell KJ, Modhiran N, Watterson D. Structure and antigenicity of divergent Henipavirus fusion glycoproteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3577. [PMID: 37328468 PMCID: PMC10275869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2022, a novel henipavirus (HNV) named Langya virus (LayV) was isolated from patients with severe pneumonic disease in China. This virus is closely related to Mòjiāng virus (MojV), and both are divergent from the bat-borne HNV members, Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. The spillover of LayV is the first instance of a HNV zoonosis to humans outside of NiV and HeV, highlighting the continuing threat this genus poses to human health. In this work, we determine the prefusion structures of MojV and LayV F proteins via cryogenic electron microscopy to 2.66 and 3.37 Å, respectively. We show that despite sequence divergence from NiV, the F proteins adopt an overall similar structure but are antigenically distinct as they do not react to known antibodies or sera. Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that while LayV F is less glycosylated than NiV F, it contains a glycan that shields a site of vulnerability previously identified for NiV. These findings explain the distinct antigenic profile of LayV and MojV F, despite the extent to which they are otherwise structurally similar to NiV. Our results carry implications for broad-spectrum HNV vaccines and therapeutics, and indicate an antigenic, yet not structural, divergence from prototypical HNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu Shang Low
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyle L Macauslane
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joy Seitanidou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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10
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Hobson‐Peters J, Amarilla AA, Rustanti L, Marks DC, Roulis E, Khromykh AA, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Reichenberg S, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Seltsam A, Gravemann U, Faddy HM. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in platelet concentrates or plasma following treatment with ultraviolet C light or with methylene blue combined with visible light. Transfusion 2023; 63:288-293. [PMID: 36573801 PMCID: PMC9880728 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unlikely to be a major transfusion-transmitted pathogen; however, convalescent plasma is a treatment option used in some regions. The risk of transfusion-transmitted infections can be minimized by implementing Pathogen Inactivation (PI), such as THERAFLEX MB-plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems. Here we examined the capability of these PI systems to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS SARS-CoV-2 spiked plasma units were treated using the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system in the presence of methylene blue (~0.8 μmol/L; visible light doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 [standard] J/cm2 ). SARS-CoV-2 spiked platelet concentrates (PCs) were treated using the THERAFLEX UV-platelets system (UVC doses: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 [standard] J/cm2 ). Samples were taken prior to the first and after each illumination dose, and viral infectivity was assessed using an immunoplaque assay. RESULTS Treatment of spiked plasma with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system resulted in an average ≥5.03 log10 reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity at one third (40 J/cm2 ) of the standard visible light dose. For the platelet concentrates (PCs), treatment with the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system resulted in an average ≥5.18 log10 reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity at the standard UVC dose (0.2 J/cm2 ). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was reduced in plasma and platelets following treatment with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems, to the limit of detection, respectively. These PI technologies could therefore be an effective option to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Hobson‐Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of ExcellenceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lina Rustanti
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Eileen Roulis
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of ExcellenceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of ExcellenceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | | | | | - Axel Seltsam
- Bavarian Red Cross Blood ServiceNurembergGermany
| | | | - Helen M. Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross LifebloodBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,School of Health and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSunshine CoastQueenslandAustralia
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11
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Morgan MS, Yan K, Le TT, Johnston RA, Amarilla AA, Muller DA, McMillan CLD, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Potter JR, Sng JD, Lor M, Paramitha D, Isaacs A, Khromykh AA, Hall RA, Suhrbier A, Rawle DJ, Hobson-Peters J. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Suitable for Multiple Applications for Current Variants of Concern. Viruses 2022; 15:139. [PMID: 36680179 PMCID: PMC9863740 DOI: 10.3390/v15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spawned an ongoing demand for new research reagents and interventions. Herein we describe a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against SARS-CoV-2. One antibody showed excellent utility for immunohistochemistry, clearly staining infected cells in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded lungs and brains of mice infected with the original and the omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate the reactivity to multiple variants of concern using ELISAs and describe the use of the antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays, Western blots, and rapid antigen tests. Finally, we illustrate the ability of two antibodies to reduce significantly viral tissue titers in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice infected with the original and an omicron isolate of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahali S. Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ryan A. Johnston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James R. Potter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Julian D.J. Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mary Lor
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Devina Paramitha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Roy A. Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
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12
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Slonchak A, Wang X, Aguado J, Sng JDJ, Chaggar H, Freney ME, Yan K, Torres FJ, Amarilla AA, Balea R, Setoh YX, Peng N, Watterson D, Wolvetang E, Suhrbier A, Khromykh AA. Zika virus noncoding RNA cooperates with the viral protein NS5 to inhibit STAT1 phosphorylation and facilitate viral pathogenesis. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eadd8095. [PMID: 36449607 PMCID: PMC9710884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
All flaviviruses, including Zika virus, produce noncoding subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA), which plays an important role in viral pathogenesis. However, the exact mechanism of how sfRNA enables viral evasion of antiviral response is not well defined. Here, we show that sfRNA is required for transplacental virus dissemination in pregnant mice and subsequent fetal brain infection. We also show that sfRNA promotes apoptosis of neural progenitor cells in human brain organoids, leading to their disintegration. In infected human placental cells, sfRNA inhibits multiple antiviral pathways and promotes apoptosis, with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) identified as a key shared factor. We further show that the production of sfRNA leads to reduced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 via a mechanism that involves sfRNA binding to and stabilizing viral protein NS5. Our results suggest the cooperation between viral noncoding RNA and a viral protein as a novel strategy for counteracting antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian D. J. Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Harman Chaggar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Morgan E. Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francisco J. Torres
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rickyle Balea
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nias Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Center of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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13
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O’Donnell JS, Isaacs A, Jakob V, Lebas C, Barnes JB, Reading PC, Young PR, Watterson D, Dubois PM, Collin N, Chappell KJ. Characterization and comparison of novel adjuvants for a prefusion clamped MERS vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976968. [PMID: 36119058 PMCID: PMC9478912 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various chemical adjuvants are available to augment immune responses to non-replicative, subunit vaccines. Optimized adjuvant selection can ensure that vaccine-induced immune responses protect against the diversity of pathogen-associated infection routes, mechanisms of infectious spread, and pathways of immune evasion. In this study, we compare the immune response of mice to a subunit vaccine of Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike protein, stabilized in its prefusion conformation by a proprietary molecular clamp (MERS SClamp) alone or formulated with one of six adjuvants: either (i) aluminium hydroxide, (ii) SWE, a squalene-in-water emulsion, (iii) SQ, a squalene-in-water emulsion containing QS21 saponin, (iv) SMQ, a squalene-in-water emulsion containing QS21 and a synthetic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist 3D-6-acyl Phosphorylated HexaAcyl Disaccharide (3D6AP); (v) LQ, neutral liposomes containing cholesterol, 1.2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and QS21, (vi) or LMQ, neutral liposomes containing cholesterol, DOPC, QS21, and 3D6AP. All adjuvanted formulations induced elevated antibody titers which where greatest for QS21-containing formulations. These had elevated neutralization capacity and induced higher frequencies of IFNƔ and IL-2-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, LMQ-containing formulations skewed the antibody response towards IgG2b/c isotypes, allowing for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This study highlights the utility of side-by-side adjuvant comparisons in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake S. O’Donnell
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James B. Barnes
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Collin
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Keith J. Chappell, ; Nicolas Collin,
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Keith J. Chappell, ; Nicolas Collin,
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14
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Lo MW, Amarilla AA, Lee JD, Albornoz EA, Modhiran N, Clark RJ, Ferro V, Chhabra M, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Woodruff TM. SARS-CoV-2 triggers complement activation through interactions with heparan sulfate. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1413. [PMID: 35999893 PMCID: PMC9387400 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether SARS‐CoV‐2 can trigger complement activation, the pathways that are involved and the functional significance of the resultant effect. Methods SARS‐CoV‐2 was inoculated into a human lepirudin‐anticoagulated whole blood model, which contains a full repertoire of complement factors and leukocytes that express complement receptors. Complement activation was determined by measuring C5a production with an ELISA, and pretreatment with specific inhibitors was used to identify the pathways involved. The functional significance of this was then assessed by measuring markers of C5a signalling including leukocyte C5aR1 internalisation and CD11b upregulation with flow cytometry. Results SARS‐CoV‐2 inoculation in this whole blood model caused progressive C5a production over 24 h, which was significantly reduced by inhibitors for factor B, C3, C5 and heparan sulfate. However, this phenomenon could not be replicated in cell‐free plasma, highlighting the requirement for cell surface interactions with heparan sulfate. Functional analysis of this phenomenon revealed that C5aR1 signalling and CD11b upregulation in granulocytes and monocytes was delayed and only occurred after 24 h. Conclusion SARS‐CoV‐2 is a noncanonical alternative pathway activator that progressively triggers complement activation through interactions with heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - John D Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Eduardo A Albornoz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Richard J Clark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Mohit Chhabra
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence Brisbane QLD Australia
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15
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Yun JP, McNicholas P, O'Connell C, Murray A, Duggan C, Curry L, Fahey L, Watterson D. The VACS Opinion Study: Vaccine Attitudes and COVID-19 Safety. Ir Med J 2022; 115:638. [PMID: 36301221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J P Yun
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - P McNicholas
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - C O'Connell
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - A Murray
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - C Duggan
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - L Curry
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - L Fahey
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - D Watterson
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway
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16
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McMillan CLD, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Choo JJY, Azuar A, Honeyman KE, Khromykh AA, Young PR, Watterson D, Muller DA. Skin-patch delivered subunit vaccine induces broadly neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Vaccine 2022; 40:4929-4932. [PMID: 35871873 PMCID: PMC9291373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to pose an enormous health challenge globally. The ongoing emergence of variants of concern has resulted in decreased vaccine efficacy necessitating booster immunizations. This was particularly highlighted by the recent emergence of the Omicron variant, which contains over 30 mutations in the spike protein and quickly became the dominant viral strain in global circulation. We previously demonstrated that delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine via a high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) induced potent immunity resulting in robust protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice. Here we show that serum from HD-MAP immunized animals maintained potent neutralisation against all variants tested, including Delta and Omicron. These findings highlight the advantages of HD-MAP vaccine delivery in inducing high levels of neutralising antibodies and demonstrates its potential at providing protection from emerging viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate E Honeyman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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17
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Isaacs A, Amarilla AA, Aguado J, Modhiran N, Albornoz EA, Baradar AA, McMillan CLD, Choo JJY, Idris A, Supramaniam A, McMillan NAJ, Muller DA, Young PR, Woodruff TM, Wolvetang EJ, Chappell KJ, Watterson D. Nucleocapsid Specific Diagnostics for the Detection of Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926262. [PMID: 35757714 PMCID: PMC9226548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged. Of particular concern is the omicron variant, which harbors 28 mutations in the spike glycoprotein receptor binding and N-terminal domains relative to the ancestral strain. The high mutability of SARS-CoV-2 therefore poses significant hurdles for development of universal assays that rely on spike-specific immune detection. To address this, more conserved viral antigens need to be targeted. In this work, we comprehensively demonstrate the use of nucleocapsid (N)-specific detection across several assays using previously described nanobodies C2 and E2. We show that these nanobodies are highly sensitive and can detect divergent SARS-CoV-2 ancestral, delta and omicron variants across several assays. By comparison, spike-specific antibodies S309 and CR3022 only disparately detect SARS-CoV-2 variant targets. As such, we conclude that N-specific detection could provide a standardized universal target for detection of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eduardo A Albornoz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alireza A Baradar
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
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18
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Guimond S, Mycroft-West CJ, Gandhi NS, Tree JA, Le TT, Spalluto CM, Humbert MV, Buttigieg KR, Coombes N, Elmore MJ, Wand M, Nyström K, Said J, Setoh YX, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Sng JDJ, Chhabra M, Young PR, Rawle DJ, Lima MA, Yates EA, Karlsson R, Miller RL, Chen YH, Bagdonaite I, Yang Z, Stewart J, Nguyen D, Laidlaw S, Hammond E, Dredge K, Wilkinson TMA, Watterson D, Khromykh AA, Suhrbier A, Carroll MW, Trybala E, Bergström T, Ferro V, Skidmore MA, Turnbull JE. Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Mimetic Pixatimod (PG545) Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by Disrupting the Spike-ACE2 Interaction. ACS Cent Sci 2022; 8:527-545. [PMID: 35647275 PMCID: PMC9136977 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a cell surface polysaccharide recently identified as a coreceptor with the ACE2 protein for the S1 spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 virus, providing a tractable new therapeutic target. Clinically used heparins demonstrate an inhibitory activity but have an anticoagulant activity and are supply-limited, necessitating alternative solutions. Here, we show that synthetic HS mimetic pixatimod (PG545), a cancer drug candidate, binds and destabilizes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain and directly inhibits its binding to ACE2, consistent with molecular modeling identification of multiple molecular contacts and overlapping pixatimod and ACE2 binding sites. Assays with multiple clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 virus show that pixatimod potently inhibits the infection of monkey Vero E6 cells and physiologically relevant human bronchial epithelial cells at safe therapeutic concentrations. Pixatimod also retained broad potency against variants of concern (VOC) including B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Furthermore, in a K18-hACE2 mouse model, pixatimod significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral titers in the upper respiratory tract and virus-induced weight loss. This demonstration of potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity tolerant to emerging mutations establishes proof-of-concept for targeting the HS-Spike protein-ACE2 axis with synthetic HS mimetics and provides a strong rationale for clinical investigation of pixatimod as a potential multimodal therapeutic for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott
E. Guimond
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney J. Mycroft-West
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Neha S. Gandhi
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Julia A. Tree
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Thuy T. Le
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - C. Mirella Spalluto
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria V. Humbert
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R. Buttigieg
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Elmore
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wand
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Joanna Said
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Julian D. J. Sng
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Mohit Chhabra
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Marcelo A. Lima
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Karlsson
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Rebecca L. Miller
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Yen-Hsi Chen
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Zhang Yang
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - James Stewart
- Department
of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Stephen Laidlaw
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward Hammond
- Zucero Therapeutics Ltd, 1 Westlink Court, Brisbane, Queensland 4076, Australia
| | - Keith Dredge
- Zucero Therapeutics Ltd, 1 Westlink Court, Brisbane, Queensland 4076, Australia
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- School
of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University
of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- NIHR
Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- National
Infection Service, UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire SP4
0JG, United Kingdom
- Wellcome
Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United
Kingdom
| | - Edward Trybala
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department
of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, S-413 46 Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Vito Ferro
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, GVN
Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072/4079, Australia
| | - Mark A. Skidmore
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre
for Glycoscience, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
- Department
of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular
and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
- ;
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19
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Peng NYG, Amarilla AA, Hugo LE, Modhiran N, Sng JDJ, Slonchak A, Watterson D, Setoh YX, Khromykh AA. The distinguishing NS5-M114V mutation in American Zika virus isolates has negligible impacts on virus replication and transmission potential. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010426. [PMID: 35536870 PMCID: PMC9122223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2015–2016, outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) occurred in Southeast Asia and the Americas. Most ZIKV infections in humans are asymptomatic, while clinical manifestation is usually a self-limiting febrile disease with maculopapular rash. However, ZIKV is capable of inducing a range of severe neurological complications collectively described as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Notably, the scale and magnitude of outbreaks in Southeast Asia were significantly smaller compared to those in the Americas. Sequence comparison between epidemic-associated ZIKV strains from Southeast Asia with those from the Americas revealed a methionine to valine substitution at residue position 114 of the NS5 protein (NS5-M114V) in all the American isolates. Using an American isolate of ZIKV (Natal), we investigated the impact of NS5-M114V mutation on virus replication in cells, virulence in interferon (IFN) α/β receptor knockout (Ifnar-/-) mice, as well as replication and transmission potential in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We demonstrated that NS5-M114V mutation had insignificant effect on ZIKV replication efficiency in cells, its ability to degrade STAT2, and virulence in vivo, albeit viremia was slightly prolonged in mice. Furthermore, NS5-M114V mutation decreased mosquito infection and dissemination rates but had no effect on virus secretion into the saliva. Taken together, our findings support the notion that NS5-M114V mutation is unlikely to be a major determinant for virus replication and transmission potential. Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged to cause outbreaks in Southeast Asia and the Americas during 2015–2016. However, the scale of outbreaks in Southeast Asia were significantly smaller compared to epidemic in the Americas. A methionine to valine amino acid mutation at residue position 114 of the NS5 protein (NS5-M114V) is hypothesized to influence the epidemic outcomes of ZIKV, which led to the large-scale epidemic that occurred in the Americas. By analyzing infection of mammalian and mosquito cells, IFNα/β receptor knockout (Ifnar-/-) mice and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with engineered ZIKV isolates containing either methionine or valine at residue position 114 of the NS5 protein, we demonstrated that the NS5-M114V mutation did not affect virus replication efficiency and STAT2 degradation in cells, virulence in mice, or virus secretion into the mosquito saliva. The NS5-M114V mutation slightly prolonged viremia in Ifnar-/- mice and reduced mosquito infection rate. Collectively, our findings suggest that the NS5-M114V mutation is unlikely to have significantly influenced the ZIKV epidemic in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nias Y. G. Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leon E. Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julian D. J. Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (DW); (YXS); (AAK)
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (DW); (YXS); (AAK)
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail: (DW); (YXS); (AAK)
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20
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de Oliveira CF, Neto WFF, da Silva CP, Ribeiro ACS, Martins LC, de Sousa AW, Freitas MNO, Chiang JO, Silva FA, dos Santos EB, Medeiros DBA, Pinheiro GS, Brandão GF, Carvalho VL, Azevedo RSS, Vasconcelos PFC, Costa IB, Costa IB, dos Santos MC, Soares LS, Bedran RLS, Ferreira JL, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, McMillan CLD, Freney ME, Muller DA, Watterson D, Casseb LMN, Henriques DF. Absence of Anti-RBD Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infected or Naive Individuals Prior to Vaccination with CoronaVac Leads to Short Protection of Only Four Months Duration. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050690. [PMID: 35632447 PMCID: PMC9147084 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health threat facing the world today. Multiple vaccines have been approved; however, the emergence of viral variants such as the recent Omicron raises the possibility of booster doses to achieve adequate protection. In Brazil, the CoronaVac (Sinovac, Beijing, China) vaccine was used; however, it is important to assess the immune response to this vaccine over time. This study aimed to monitor the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in those immunized with CoronaVac and SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Samples were collected between August 2020 and August 2021. Within the vaccinated cohort, some individuals had a history of infection by SARS-CoV-2 prior to immunization, while others did not. We analyzed RBD-specific and neutralizing-antibodies. Anti-RBD antibodies were detected in both cohorts, with a peak between 45–90 days post infection or vaccination, followed by a steady decline over time. In those with a previous history of COVID-19, a higher, longer, more persistent response was observed. This trend was mirrored in the neutralization assays, where infection, followed by immunization, resulted in higher, longer lasting responses which were conditioned on the presence of levels of RBD antibodies right before the vaccination. This supports the necessity of booster doses of CoronaVac in due course to prevent serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille F. de Oliveira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Walter F. F. Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Carla P. da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Ana Claudia S. Ribeiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Lívia C. Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Alana W. de Sousa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Maria N. O. Freitas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Jannifer O. Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Franko A. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Eder B. dos Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Daniele B. A. Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Gleiciane S. Pinheiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Gleiciane F. Brandão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Valéria L. Carvalho
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Raimunda S. S. Azevedo
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pará State, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil;
| | - Igor B. Costa
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Iran B. Costa
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Mirleide C. dos Santos
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Luana S. Soares
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Rayssa L. S. Bedran
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - James L. Ferreira
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Morgan E. Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lívia M. N. Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Daniele F. Henriques
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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McMillan CLD, Azuar A, Choo JJY, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Isaacs A, Honeyman KE, Cheung STM, Liang B, Wurm MJ, Pino P, Kint J, Fernando GJP, Landsberg MJ, Khromykh AA, Hobson-Peters J, Watterson D, Young PR, Muller DA. Dermal Delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine Induces Immunogenicity against Variants of Concern. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:578. [PMID: 35455326 PMCID: PMC9030474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to disrupt essential health services in 90 percent of countries today. The spike (S) protein found on the surface of the causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the prime target for current vaccine research since antibodies directed against the S protein were found to neutralize the virus. However, as new variants emerge, mutations within the spike protein have given rise to potential immune evasion of the response generated by the current generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, a modified, HexaPro S protein subunit vaccine, delivered using a needle-free high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP), was investigated for its immunogenicity and virus-neutralizing abilities. Mice given two doses of the vaccine candidate generated potent antibody responses capable of neutralizing the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as the variants of concern, Alpha and Delta. These results demonstrate that this alternative vaccination strategy has the potential to mitigate the effect of emerging viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Jovin J. Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Kate E. Honeyman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Maria J. Wurm
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Paco Pino
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Joeri Kint
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vaxxas Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J. Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
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22
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McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Modhiran N, Barnes J, Amarilla AA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Lee LYY, Guilfoyle K, van Amerongen G, Stittelaar K, Jakob V, Lebas C, Reading P, Short KR, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Author Correction: Development of molecular clamp stabilized hemagglutinin vaccines for Influenza A viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:3. [PMID: 34987159 PMCID: PMC8733011 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James Barnes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van Amerongen
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Koert Stittelaar
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Jakob
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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23
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Young A, Isaacs A, Scott CAP, Modhiran N, McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Barr J, Marsh G, Thakur N, Bailey D, Li KSM, Luk HKH, Kok KH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Furuyama W, Marzi A, Young PR, Chappell KJ, Watterson D. A platform technology for generating subunit vaccines against diverse viral pathogens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963023. [PMID: 36059532 PMCID: PMC9436389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic response has shown how vaccine platform technologies can be used to rapidly and effectively counteract a novel emerging infectious disease. The speed of development for mRNA and vector-based vaccines outpaced those of subunit vaccines, however, subunit vaccines can offer advantages in terms of safety and stability. Here we describe a subunit vaccine platform technology, the molecular clamp, in application to four viruses from divergent taxonomic families: Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Lassa virus (LASV) and Nipah virus (NiV). The clamp streamlines subunit antigen production by both stabilising the immunologically important prefusion epitopes of trimeric viral fusion proteins while enabling purification without target-specific reagents by acting as an affinity tag. Conformations for each viral antigen were confirmed by monoclonal antibody binding, size exclusion chromatography and electron microscopy. Notably, all four antigens tested remained stable over four weeks of incubation at 40°C. Of the four vaccines tested, a neutralising immune response was stimulated by clamp stabilised MERS-CoV spike, EBOV glycoprotein and NiV fusion protein. Only the clamp stabilised LASV glycoprotein precursor failed to elicit virus neutralising antibodies. MERS-CoV and EBOV vaccine candidates were both tested in animal models and found to provide protection against viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Barr
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn Marsh
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hayes K H Luk
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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24
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Shalash AO, Azuar A, Madge HYR, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Liang B, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Young PR, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Neutralization by a Sensitive Competitive ELISA Assay. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121493. [PMID: 34960239 PMCID: PMC8705285 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes an ELISA-based procedure for accurate measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-receptor binding domain (RBD) neutralization efficacy by murine immune serum. The procedure requires a small amount of S-protein/RBD and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). A high-throughput, simple ELISA technique is employed. Plate-coated-RBDs are allowed to interact with the serum, then soluble ACE2 is added, followed by secondary antibodies and substrate. The key steps in this procedure include (1) serum heat treatment to prevent non-specific interactions, (2) proper use of blank controls to detect side reactions and eliminate secondary antibody cross-reactivity, (3) the addition of an optimal amount of saturating ACE2 to maximize sensitivity and prevent non-competitive co-occurrence of RBD-ACE2 binding and neutralization, and (4) mechanistically derived neutralization calculation using a calibration curve. Even manually, the protocol can be completed in 16 h for >30 serum samples; this includes the 7.5 h of incubation time. This automatable, high-throughput, competitive ELISA assay can screen a large number of sera, and does not require sterile conditions or special containment measures, as live viruses are not employed. In comparison to the ‘gold standard’ assays (virus neutralization titers (VNT) or plaque reduction neutralization titers (PRNT)), which are laborious and time consuming and require special containment measures due to their use of live viruses. This simple, alternative neutralization efficacy assay can be a great asset for initial vaccine development stages. The assay successfully passed conventional validation parameters (sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy) and results with moderately neutralizing murine sera correlated with VNT assay results (R2 = 0.975, n = 25), demonstrating high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Harrison Y. R. Madge
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.O.S.); (A.A.); (H.Y.R.M.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (B.L.); (A.A.K.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Takashima MD, Grimwood K, Sly PD, Lambert SB, Chappell KJ, Watterson D, Young P, Kusel M, Holt B, Holt P, Ware RS. Cord-blood respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and respiratory health in first 5 years of life. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:3942-3951. [PMID: 34549896 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the potential longer-term effects of maternal antenatal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination, we examined the association between cord-blood RSV-neutralizing antibodies (RSV-NA) and RSV infections in the first 2 years of life, RSV-NA at 3 years, and respiratory health to age 5 years. METHODS Two community-based Australian birth cohorts were combined. For children with at least one atopic parent, paired serum RSV-NA levels were compared in cord blood and at age 3 years. Weekly nasal swabs were collected in one cohort and during acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the other. Wheeze history up to age 5 years and physician-diagnosed asthma at 5 years was collected by parent report. RESULTS In 264 children, each log10 increase of cord-blood RSV-NA level was associated with 37% decreased risk (adjusted incidence-rate-ratio [aIRR] 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-1.01) of RSV-ARI and 49% decreased risk (aIRR 0.51; 95% CI: 0.25-1.02) of RSV acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) at 12-24 months of age. However, higher cord-blood RSV-NA was associated with increased risk of all-cause ALRI (aIRR 1.29; 95% CI: 0.99-1.69), wheeze-associated ALRI (aIRR 1.75; 95% CI: 1.08-2.82), and severe ALRI (aIRR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.63-4.70) at age 6-<12 months. Cord-blood RSV-NA was not associated with RSV-ARI in the first 6-months, RSV-NA levels at 3 years, or wheeze or asthma at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of cord-blood RSV-NA did not protect against RSV infections during the first 6-months-of-life, time-to-first RSV-ARI, or wheeze or asthma in the first 5 years of life. Additional strategies to control RSV-related illness in childhood are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari D Takashima
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Merci Kusel
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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26
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McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Modhiran N, Barnes J, Amarilla AA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Lee LYY, Guilfoyle K, van Amerongen G, Stittelaar K, Jakon V, Lebas C, Reading P, Short KR, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Development of molecular clamp stabilized hemagglutinin vaccines for Influenza A viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:135. [PMID: 34750396 PMCID: PMC8575991 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause a significant number of infections and deaths annually. In addition to seasonal infections, the risk of an influenza virus pandemic emerging is extremely high owing to the large reservoir of diverse influenza viruses found in animals and the co-circulation of many influenza subtypes which can reassort into novel strains. Development of a universal influenza vaccine has proven extremely challenging. In the absence of such a vaccine, rapid response technologies provide the best potential to counter a novel influenza outbreak. Here, we demonstrate that a modular trimerization domain known as the molecular clamp allows the efficient production and purification of conformationally stabilised prefusion hemagglutinin (HA) from a diverse range of influenza A subtypes. These clamp-stabilised HA proteins provided robust protection from homologous virus challenge in mouse and ferret models and some cross protection against heterologous virus challenge. This work provides a proof-of-concept for clamp-stabilised HA vaccines as a tool for rapid response vaccine development against future influenza A virus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James Barnes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van Amerongen
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Koert Stittelaar
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Jakon
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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27
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McMillan CLD, Choo JJY, Idris A, Supramaniam A, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Isaacs A, Cheung STM, Liang B, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Azuar A, Acharya D, Kelly G, Fernando GJP, Landsberg MJ, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Young PR, McMillan NAJ, Muller DA. Complete protection by a single-dose skin patch-delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj8065. [PMID: 34714668 PMCID: PMC8555896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 160 million people and resulted in more than 3.3 million deaths, and despite the availability of multiple vaccines, the world still faces many challenges with their rollout. Here, we use the high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) to deliver a SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit vaccine directly to the skin. We show that the vaccine is thermostable on the patches, with patch delivery enhancing both cellular and antibody immune responses. Elicited antibodies potently neutralize clinically relevant isolates including the Alpha and Beta variants. Last, a single dose of HD-MAP–delivered spike provided complete protection from a lethal virus challenge in an ACE2-transgenic mouse model. Collectively, these data show that HD-MAP delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was superior to traditional needle-and-syringe vaccination and may be a significant addition to the ongoing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jovin J. Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dhruba Acharya
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J. Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Nigel A. J. McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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28
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Scott CAP, Amarilla AA, Bibby S, Newton ND, Hall RA, Hobson-Peters J, Muller DA, Chappell KJ, Young PR, Modhiran N, Watterson D. Implications of Dengue Virus Maturation on Vaccine Induced Humoral Immunity in Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091843. [PMID: 34578424 PMCID: PMC8473161 DOI: 10.3390/v13091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of dengue virus (DENV) vaccines has been hindered by the complexities of antibody dependent enhancement (ADE). Current late-stage vaccine candidates utilize attenuated and chimeric DENVs that produce particles of varying maturities. Antibodies that are elicited by preferentially exposed epitopes on immature virions have been linked to increased ADE. We aimed to further understand the humoral immunity promoted by DENV particles of varying maturities in an AG129 mouse model using a chimeric insect specific vaccine candidate, bDENV-2. We immunized mice with mature, partially mature, and immature bDENV-2 and found that immunization with partially mature bDENV-2 produced more robust and cross-neutralizing immune responses than immunization with immature or mature bDENV-2. Upon challenge with mouse adapted DENV-2 (D220), we observed 80% protection for mature bDENV-2 vaccinated mice and 100% for immature and partially mature vaccinated mice, suggesting that protection to homotypic challenge is not dependent on maturation. Finally, we found reduced in vitro ADE at subneutralising serum concentrations for mice immunized with mature bDENV-2. These results suggest that both immature and mature DENV particles play a role in homotypic protection; however, the increased risk of in vitro ADE from immature particles indicates potential safety benefits from mature DENV-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A. P. Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Summa Bibby
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Natalee D. Newton
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Roy A. Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.A.P.S.); (A.A.A.); (S.B.); (N.D.N.); (R.A.H.); (J.H.-P.); (D.A.M.); (K.J.C.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (N.M.); (D.W.)
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29
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Smits N, Rasmussen J, Bodea GO, Amarilla AA, Gerdes P, Sanchez-Luque FJ, Ajjikuttira P, Modhiran N, Liang B, Faivre J, Deveson IW, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Ewing AD, Faulkner GJ. No evidence of human genome integration of SARS-CoV-2 found by long-read DNA sequencing. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109530. [PMID: 34380018 PMCID: PMC8316065 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent study proposed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) hijacks the LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition machinery to integrate into the DNA of infected cells. If confirmed, this finding could have significant clinical implications. Here, we apply deep (>50×) long-read Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing to HEK293T cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 and do not find the virus integrated into the genome. By examining ONT data from separate HEK293T cultivars, we completely resolve 78 L1 insertions arising in vitro in the absence of L1 overexpression systems. ONT sequencing applied to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-positive liver cancer tissues located a single HBV insertion. These experiments demonstrate reliable resolution of retrotransposon and exogenous virus insertions by ONT sequencing. That we find no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 integration suggests that such events are, at most, extremely rare in vivo and therefore are unlikely to drive oncogenesis or explain post-recovery detection of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Smits
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, TRI Building, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jay Rasmussen
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gabriela O Bodea
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, TRI Building, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Patricia Gerdes
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, TRI Building, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Luque
- GENYO, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, PTS Granada 18016, Spain; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Prabha Ajjikuttira
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jamila Faivre
- INSERM, U1193, Paul-Brousse University Hospital, Hepatobiliary Centre, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Ira W Deveson
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Adam D Ewing
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, TRI Building, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Faulkner
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, TRI Building, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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30
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Hardy J, Newton N, Modhiran N, Scott C, Venugopal H, Vet L, Young P, Hall R, Hobson-Peters J, Watterson D, Coulibaly F. High-resolution structures of immature and chimeric flaviviruses reveal key features redefining viral architecture and maturation. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321094393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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31
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Takashima MD, Grimwood K, Sly PD, Lambert SB, Chappell KJ, Watterson D, Ware RS. Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in a community birth cohort of infants in the first 2 years of life. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2125-2135. [PMID: 33634335 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-03998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common virus identified in children hospitalised with acute respiratory infections. However, less is known about RSV in community settings. This report describes RSV epidemiology in the community, including acute illness episodes, healthcare burden, and risk factors in Australian children during the first 2-years of life. A community-based, birth cohort from Brisbane, Australia, followed children until their second birthday. Parents completed daily respiratory symptom and illness-burden diaries. Weekly parent-collected nasal swabs were analysed for RSV by real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Serum RSV-neutralising antibodies were assayed at age 3 years. Overall, 158 children provided 11,216 swabs, of which 104 were RSV-positive (85 incident episodes). RSV incidence in the first 2 years of life was 0.46 (95% CI = 0.37-0.58) episodes per child-year. Incidence increased with age and formal childcare attendance and was highest in autumn. Of 82 episodes linked with symptom data, 60 (73.2%) were symptomatic, 28 (34.1%) received community-based medical care, and 2 (2.4%) led to hospitalisation. Viral load was higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic infections. In 72 children, RSV-specific antibody seroprevalence was 94.4% at age 3 years.Conclusion: RSV incidence increased after age 6-months with approximately three-quarters of infections symptomatic and most infections treated in the community. What is known •RSV is a major cause of hospitalisation for acute lower respiratory infections in infants and young children, especially in the first 6 months of life. •However, limited data exist on the overall burden in young children at the community level. What is new •RSV incidence in the community increases after age 6 months, and by 3 years, most children have been infected. •About one-quarter of RSV infections were asymptomatic in children aged < 2 years, and approximately 60% of children with RSV-related symptoms had a healthcare contact of any kind with most managed within the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari D Takashima
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Griffith University Nathan Campus, QLD, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
| | - Keith Grimwood
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Paediatrics, Gold Coast Health, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen B Lambert
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2600, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert S Ware
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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32
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Rawle DJ, Le TT, Dumenil T, Yan K, Tang B, Nguyen W, Watterson D, Modhiran N, Hobson-Peters J, Bishop C, Suhrbier A. ACE2-lentiviral transduction enables mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection and mapping of receptor interactions. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009723. [PMID: 34214142 PMCID: PMC8282004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 uses the human ACE2 (hACE2) receptor for cell attachment and entry, with mouse ACE2 (mACE2) unable to support infection. Herein we describe an ACE2-lentivirus system and illustrate its utility for in vitro and in vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection models. Transduction of non-permissive cell lines with hACE2 imparted replication competence, and transduction with mACE2 containing N30D, N31K, F83Y and H353K substitutions, to match hACE2, rescued SARS-CoV-2 replication. Intrapulmonary hACE2-lentivirus transduction of C57BL/6J mice permitted significant virus replication in lung epithelium. RNA-Seq and histological analyses illustrated that this model involved an acute inflammatory disease followed by resolution and tissue repair, with a transcriptomic profile similar to that seen in COVID-19 patients. hACE2-lentivirus transduction of IFNAR-/- and IL-28RA-/- mouse lungs was used to illustrate that loss of type I or III interferon responses have no significant effect on virus replication. However, their importance in driving inflammatory responses was illustrated by RNA-Seq analyses. We also demonstrate the utility of the hACE2-lentivirus transduction system for vaccine evaluation in C57BL/6J mice. The ACE2-lentivirus system thus has broad application in SARS-CoV-2 research, providing a tool for both mutagenesis studies and mouse model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Rawle
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Troy Dumenil
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wilson Nguyen
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, GVN Center of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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33
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Amarilla AA, Sng JDJ, Parry R, Deerain JM, Potter JR, Setoh YX, Rawle DJ, Le TT, Modhiran N, Wang X, Peng NYG, Torres FJ, Pyke A, Harrison JJ, Freney ME, Liang B, McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Guevara DJDC, Hardy JM, Bettington M, Muller DA, Coulibaly F, Moore F, Hall RA, Young PR, Mackenzie JM, Hobson-Peters J, Suhrbier A, Watterson D, Khromykh AA. A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3431. [PMID: 34103499 PMCID: PMC8187723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We demonstrate that despite the large size of the viral RNA genome (~30 kb), infectious full-length cDNA is readily assembled in vitro by a circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) methodology without the need for technically demanding intermediate steps. Overlapping cDNA fragments are generated from viral RNA and assembled together with a linker fragment containing CMV promoter into a circular full-length viral cDNA in a single reaction. Transfection of the circular cDNA into mammalian cells results in the recovery of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus that exhibits properties comparable to the parental virus in vitro and in vivo. CPER is also used to generate insect-specific Casuarina virus with ~20 kb genome and the human pathogens Ross River virus (Alphavirus) and Norovirus (Calicivirus), with the latter from a clinical sample. Additionally, reporter and mutant viruses are generated and employed to study virus replication and virus-receptor interactions. Here the authors describe a simple reverse genetics method that relies on overlapping cDNA fragments for generation of positive-strand viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and characterize them in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua M Deerain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James R Potter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology Division, Environmental Health Institute, National Environmental Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Nias Y G Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Francisco J Torres
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alyssa Pyke
- Queensland Health Forensic & Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Morgan E Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Joshua M Hardy
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Bettington
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fasséli Coulibaly
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederick Moore
- Queensland Health Forensic & Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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34
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Wu Y, Peng Z, Yan Y, Hu J, Wang Y, Wang X, Peng R, Watterson D, Shi Y. Current knowledge of COVID-19: Advances, challenges and future perspectives. Biosaf Health 2021; 3:202-209. [PMID: 34104880 PMCID: PMC8176881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already evoked massive influence. The global pandemic has been ravaging the whole world for a year, with the number of confirmed human infection cases over 150 million and a death toll exceeding 3 million. Although the genomic sequence of the cognate pathogen SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been quickly determined, there are still many unknown aspects, including the virus origin and evolution trend, and the effectiveness of current vaccines and drugs against the mutating virus. This review summarizes current knowledge and advances about COVID-19, including virus origin, transmission and infection, with the aim to improve the understanding of COVID-19 and provide a new perspective for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,MGI, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zhuobing Peng
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongxue Yan
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Jintao Hu
- Melbourne School of Engineering, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Yalong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruchao Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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35
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Hardy JM, Newton ND, Modhiran N, Scott CAP, Venugopal H, Vet LJ, Young PR, Hall RA, Hobson-Peters J, Coulibaly F, Watterson D. A unified route for flavivirus structures uncovers essential pocket factors conserved across pathogenic viruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3266. [PMID: 34075032 PMCID: PMC8169900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic emergence of relatively rare and geographically isolated flaviviruses adds to the ongoing disease burden of viruses such as dengue. Structural analysis is key to understand and combat these pathogens. Here, we present a chimeric platform based on an insect-specific flavivirus for the safe and rapid structural analysis of pathogenic viruses. We use this approach to resolve the architecture of two neurotropic viruses and a structure of dengue virus at 2.5 Å, the highest resolution for an enveloped virion. These reconstructions allow improved modelling of the stem region of the envelope protein, revealing two lipid-like ligands within highly conserved pockets. We show that these sites are essential for viral growth and important for viral maturation. These findings define a hallmark of flavivirus virions and a potential target for broad-spectrum antivirals and vaccine design. We anticipate the chimeric platform to be widely applicable for investigating flavivirus biology. Understanding virus assembly could identify potential drug targets. Here the authors use a safe and efficient method to solve pathogenic flavivirus structures, revealing two lipid-like ligands within highly conserved pockets of the stem region of envelope protein that are important for virus maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Hardy
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalee D Newton
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hariprasad Venugopal
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Vet
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fasséli Coulibaly
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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36
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Choo JJY, Vet LJ, McMillan CLD, Harrison JJ, Scott CAP, Depelsenaire ACI, Fernando GJP, Watterson D, Hall RA, Young PR, Hobson-Peters J, Muller DA. A chimeric dengue virus vaccine candidate delivered by high density microarray patches protects against infection in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:66. [PMID: 33963191 PMCID: PMC8105366 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue viruses (DENV) cause an estimated 390 million infections globally. With no dengue-specific therapeutic treatment currently available, vaccination is the most promising strategy for its control. A wide range of DENV vaccines are in development, with one having already been licensed, albeit with limited distribution. We investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a chimeric virus vaccine candidate based on the insect-specific flavivirus, Binjari virus (BinJV), displaying the structural prM/E proteins of DENV (BinJ/DENV2-prME). In this study, we immunized AG129 mice with BinJ/DENV2-prME via a needle-free, high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) delivery system. Immunization with a single, 1 µg dose of BinJ/DENV2-prME delivered via the HD-MAPs resulted in enhanced kinetics of neutralizing antibody induction when compared to needle delivery and complete protection against mortality upon virus challenge in the AG129 DENV mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovin J Y Choo
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura J Vet
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Germain J P Fernando
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - David A Muller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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37
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Newton ND, Hardy JM, Modhiran N, Hugo LE, Amarilla AA, Bibby S, Venugopal H, Harrison JJ, Traves RJ, Hall RA, Hobson-Peters J, Coulibaly F, Watterson D. The structure of an infectious immature flavivirus redefines viral architecture and maturation. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabe4507. [PMID: 33990320 PMCID: PMC8121421 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are the cause of severe human diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks. These viruses use a potent fusion machinery to enter target cells that needs to be restrained during viral assembly and egress. A molecular chaperone, premembrane (prM) maintains the virus particles in an immature, fusion-incompetent state until they exit the cell. Taking advantage of an insect virus that produces particles that are both immature and infectious, we determined the structure of the first immature flavivirus with a complete spike by cryo-electron microscopy. Unexpectedly, the prM chaperone forms a supporting pillar that maintains the immature spike in an asymmetric and upright state, primed for large rearrangements upon acidification. The collapse of the spike along a path defined by the prM chaperone is required, and its inhibition by a multivalent immunoglobulin M blocks infection. The revised architecture and collapse model are likely to be conserved across flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalee D Newton
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua M Hardy
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Summa Bibby
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hariprasad Venugopal
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Renee J Traves
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Fasséli Coulibaly
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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38
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Albert S, Amarilla AA, Trollope B, Sng JDJ, Setoh YX, Deering N, Modhiran N, Weng SH, Melo MC, Hutley N, Nandy A, Furlong MJ, Young PR, Watterson D, Grinham AR, Khromykh AA. Assessing the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle spraying of aqueous ozone as an outdoor disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2. Environ Res 2021; 196:110944. [PMID: 33647300 PMCID: PMC7908847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in our understanding of safe, effective and efficient means of disinfecting high use public spaces. Whilst this creates an opportunity for development and application of innovative approaches such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based disinfection, unregulated outdoor disinfection using chlorine has led to environmental and public health risks. This study has quantified the efficiency, safety and efficacy of UAV-based spraying of aqueous ozone. Optimised UAV flight characteristics of 4.7 km/h at 1.7 m elevation spraying 2.4 L/min were able to provide >97% and >92% coverage of a 1 m and 2 m wide swath respectively. During spraying operations using 1 mg/L aqueous ozone, atmospheric concentrations of ozone remained within background levels (<0.04 ppm). Highly efficient inactivation of two different isolates of SARS-CoV-2 virus was achieved at aqueous ozone concentrations of 0.75 mg/L after an incubation period of only 5 min, with 0.375 mg/L achieving 82-91.5% inactivation in this time. Exposure of diamondback moth larvae and parasitic wasps to 1 mg/L aqueous ozone did not significantly affect their survivorship. These results indicate for the first time that aqueous ozone may provide the required balance between human and environmental safety and viral inactivation efficacy for targeted application in high risk outdoor settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Albert
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ben Trollope
- The Ripper Group Pty Ltd, Level 5/50 York Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nathaniel Deering
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sung-Hsia Weng
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maria C Melo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas Hutley
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Avik Nandy
- Remote Sensing Research Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J Furlong
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alistair R Grinham
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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39
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Watterson D, Wijesundara DK, Modhiran N, Mordant FL, Li Z, Avumegah MS, McMillan CL, Lackenby J, Guilfoyle K, van Amerongen G, Stittelaar K, Cheung ST, Bibby S, Daleris M, Hoger K, Gillard M, Radunz E, Jones ML, Hughes K, Hughes B, Goh J, Edwards D, Scoble J, Pearce L, Kowalczyk L, Phan T, La M, Lu L, Pham T, Zhou Q, Brockman DA, Morgan SJ, Lau C, Tran MH, Tapley P, Villalón-Letelier F, Barnes J, Young A, Jaberolansar N, Scott CA, Isaacs A, Amarilla AA, Khromykh AA, van den Brand JM, Reading PC, Ranasinghe C, Subbarao K, Munro TP, Young PR, Chappell KJ. Preclinical development of a molecular clamp-stabilised subunit vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1269. [PMID: 33841880 PMCID: PMC8021130 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Efforts to develop and deploy effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) continue at pace. Here, we describe rational antigen design through to manufacturability and vaccine efficacy of a prefusion‐stabilised spike (S) protein, Sclamp, in combination with the licensed adjuvant MF59 ‘MF59C.1’ (Seqirus, Parkville, Australia). Methods A panel recombinant Sclamp proteins were produced in Chinese hamster ovary and screened in vitro to select a lead vaccine candidate. The structure of this antigen was determined by cryo‐electron microscopy and assessed in mouse immunogenicity studies, hamster challenge studies and safety and toxicology studies in rat. Results In mice, the Sclamp vaccine elicits high levels of neutralising antibodies, as well as broadly reactive and polyfunctional S‐specific CD4+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in vivo. In the Syrian hamster challenge model (n = 70), vaccination results in reduced viral load within the lung, protection from pulmonary disease and decreased viral shedding in daily throat swabs which correlated strongly with the neutralising antibody level. Conclusion The SARS‐CoV‐2 Sclamp vaccine candidate is compatible with large‐scale commercial manufacture, stable at 2–8°C. When formulated with MF59 adjuvant, it elicits neutralising antibodies and T‐cell responses and provides protection in animal challenge models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Michael S Avumegah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Christopher Ld McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Julia Lackenby
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | | | | | | | - Stacey Tm Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Summa Bibby
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Mallory Daleris
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Kym Hoger
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Eve Radunz
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Martina L Jones
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Karen Hughes
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Ben Hughes
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Justin Goh
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - David Edwards
- The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | | | | | | | - Tram Phan
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Mylinh La
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Louis Lu
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Tam Pham
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Qi Zhou
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville VIC Australia
| | | | | | - Cora Lau
- University of Queensland Biological Resources The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Mai H Tran
- TetraQ The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Peter Tapley
- TetraQ The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Fernando Villalón-Letelier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - James Barnes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Andrew Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Noushin Jaberolansar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Connor Ap Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Judith Ma van den Brand
- Division of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology The University of Melbourne Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Trent P Munro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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40
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Selva KJ, van de Sandt CE, Lemke MM, Lee CY, Shoffner SK, Chua BY, Davis SK, Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Hensen L, Koutsakos M, Wong CY, Mordant F, Jackson DC, Flanagan KL, Crowe J, Tosif S, Neeland MR, Sutton P, Licciardi PV, Crawford NW, Cheng AC, Doolan DL, Amanat F, Krammer F, Chappell K, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Young P, Lee WS, Wines BD, Mark Hogarth P, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Tan HX, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Arnold KB, Kedzierska K, Chung AW. Systems serology detects functionally distinct coronavirus antibody features in children and elderly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2037. [PMID: 33795692 PMCID: PMC8016934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmarks of COVID-19 are higher pathogenicity and mortality in the elderly compared to children. Examining baseline SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive immunological responses, induced by circulating human coronaviruses (hCoVs), is needed to understand such divergent clinical outcomes. Here we show analysis of coronavirus antibody responses of pre-pandemic healthy children (n = 89), adults (n = 98), elderly (n = 57), and COVID-19 patients (n = 50) by systems serology. Moderate levels of cross-reactive, but non-neutralizing, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are detected in pre-pandemic healthy individuals. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific Fcγ receptor binding accurately distinguishes COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces qualitative changes to antibody Fc, enhancing Fcγ receptor engagement. Higher cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG are observed in healthy elderly, while healthy children display elevated SARS-CoV-2 IgM, suggesting that children have fewer hCoV exposures, resulting in less-experienced but more polyreactive humoral immunity. Age-dependent analysis of COVID-19 patients, confirms elevated class-switched antibodies in elderly, while children have stronger Fc responses which we demonstrate are functionally different. These insights will inform COVID-19 vaccination strategies, improved serological diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Lemke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suzanne K Shoffner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha K Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie L Flanagan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tasmanian Vaccine Trial Centre, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Crowe
- Deepdene Surgery, Deepdene, VIC, Australia
| | - Shidan Tosif
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie R Neeland
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immunisation Service, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infection Prevention & Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly B Arnold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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41
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Cockerill GS, Angell RM, Bedernjak A, Chuckowree I, Fraser I, Gascon-Simorte J, Gilman MSA, Good JAD, Harland R, Johnson SM, Ludes-Meyers JH, Littler E, Lumley J, Lunn G, Mathews N, McLellan JS, Paradowski M, Peeples ME, Scott C, Tait D, Taylor G, Thom M, Thomas E, Villalonga Barber C, Ward SE, Watterson D, Williams G, Young P, Powell K. Discovery of Sisunatovir (RV521), an Inhibitor of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3658-3676. [PMID: 33729773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RV521 is an orally bioavailable inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion that was identified after a lead optimization process based upon hits that originated from a physical property directed hit profiling exercise at Reviral. This exercise encompassed collaborations with a number of contract organizations with collaborative medicinal chemistry and virology during the optimization phase in addition to those utilized as the compound proceeded through preclinical and clinical evaluation. RV521 exhibited a mean IC50 of 1.2 nM against a panel of RSV A and B laboratory strains and clinical isolates with antiviral efficacy in the Balb/C mouse model of RSV infection. Oral bioavailability in preclinical species ranged from 42 to >100% with evidence of highly efficient penetration into lung tissue. In healthy adult human volunteers experimentally infected with RSV, a potent antiviral effect was observed with a significant reduction in viral load and symptoms compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stuart Cockerill
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Richard M Angell
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, England BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Alexandre Bedernjak
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Irina Chuckowree
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, England BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Ian Fraser
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Jose Gascon-Simorte
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, England BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Morgan S A Gilman
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James A D Good
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Rachel Harland
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Sara M Johnson
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
| | - John H Ludes-Meyers
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Edward Littler
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - James Lumley
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Graham Lunn
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, England BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Neil Mathews
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael Paradowski
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Mark E Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
| | - Claire Scott
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Dereck Tait
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Geraldine Taylor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, U.K
| | - Michelle Thom
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, U.K
| | - Elaine Thomas
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
| | | | - Simon E Ward
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gareth Williams
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, England BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Paul Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kenneth Powell
- Reviral Ltd., Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2FX, U.K
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42
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Modhiran N, Song H, Liu L, Bletchly C, Brillault L, Amarilla AA, Xu X, Qi J, Chai Y, Cheung STM, Traves R, Setoh YX, Bibby S, Scott CAP, Freney ME, Newton ND, Khromykh AA, Chappell KJ, Muller DA, Stacey KJ, Landsberg MJ, Shi Y, Gao GF, Young PR, Watterson D. A broadly protective antibody that targets the flavivirus NS1 protein. Science 2021; 371:190-194. [PMID: 33414219 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are no approved flaviviral therapies and the development of vaccines against flaviruses has the potential of being undermined by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a promising vaccine antigen with low ADE risk but has yet to be explored as a broad-spectrum therapeutic antibody target. Here, we provide the structural basis of NS1 antibody cross-reactivity through cocrystallization of the antibody 1G5.3 with NS1 proteins from dengue and Zika viruses. The 1G5.3 antibody blocks multi-flavivirus NS1-mediated cell permeability in disease-relevant cell lines, and therapeutic application of 1G5.3 reduces viremia and improves survival in dengue, Zika, and West Nile virus murine models. Finally, we demonstrate that 1G5.3 protection is independent of effector function, identifying the 1G5.3 epitope as a key site for broad-spectrum antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lidong Liu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheryl Bletchly
- Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lou Brillault
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Renee Traves
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Summa Bibby
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Morgan E Freney
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalee D Newton
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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43
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Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Setoh YX, Peng NYG, Sng JDJ, Liang B, McMillan CLD, Freney ME, Cheung STM, Chappell KJ, Khromykh AA, Young PR, Watterson D. An Optimized High-Throughput Immuno-Plaque Assay for SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625136. [PMID: 33643253 PMCID: PMC7906992 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 and is capable of human-to-human transmission and rapid global spread. The rapid emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has encouraged the establishment of a rapid, sensitive, and reliable viral detection and quantification methodology. Here, we present an alternative assay, termed immuno-plaque assay (iPA), which utilizes a combination of plaque assay and immunofluorescence techniques. We have extensively optimized the conditions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrated the great flexibility of iPA detection using several antibodies and dual-probing with two distinct epitope-specific antibodies. In addition, we showed that iPA could be utilized for ultra-high-throughput viral titration and neutralization assay within 24 h and is amenable to a 384-well format. These advantages will significantly accelerate SARS-CoV-2 research outcomes during this pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Nias Y G Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Morgan E Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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44
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Valenzuela Nieto G, Jara R, Watterson D, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Himelreichs J, Khromykh AA, Salinas-Rebolledo C, Pinto T, Cheuquemilla Y, Margolles Y, López González Del Rey N, Miranda-Chacon Z, Cuevas A, Berking A, Deride C, González-Moraga S, Mancilla H, Maturana D, Langer A, Toledo JP, Müller A, Uberti B, Krall P, Ehrenfeld P, Blesa J, Chana-Cuevas P, Rehren G, Schwefel D, Fernandez LÁ, Rojas-Fernandez A. Potent neutralization of clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 D614 and G614 variants by a monomeric, sub-nanomolar affinity nanobody. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3318. [PMID: 33558635 PMCID: PMC7870875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite unprecedented global efforts to rapidly develop SARS-CoV-2 treatments, in order to reduce the burden placed on health systems, the situation remains critical. Effective diagnosis, treatment, and prophylactic measures are urgently required to meet global demand: recombinant antibodies fulfill these requirements and have marked clinical potential. Here, we describe the fast-tracked development of an alpaca Nanobody specific for the receptor-binding-domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with potential therapeutic applicability. We present a rapid method for nanobody isolation that includes an optimized immunization regimen coupled with VHH library E. coli surface display, which allows single-step selection of Nanobodies using a simple density gradient centrifugation of the bacterial library. The selected single and monomeric Nanobody, W25, binds to the SARS-CoV-2 S RBD with sub-nanomolar affinity and efficiently competes with ACE-2 receptor binding. Furthermore, W25 potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 wild type and the D614G variant with IC50 values in the nanomolar range, demonstrating its potential as antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald Jara
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Johanna Himelreichs
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Teresa Pinto
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yorka Cheuquemilla
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Berking Biotechnology, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yago Margolles
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Center, Superior Council of Scientific Research, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Zaray Miranda-Chacon
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alexei Cuevas
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Camila Deride
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Héctor Mancilla
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Maturana
- NanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Floessergasse 4, 81369, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Langer
- NanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Floessergasse 4, 81369, Munich, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Toledo
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ananda Müller
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamín Uberti
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paola Krall
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Surgery Oriente, Universidad de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System, CISNE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles, 28938, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Chana-Cuevas
- CETRAM & Faculty of Medical Science, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - German Rehren
- Technology Transfer and Licensing Office, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - David Schwefel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis Ángel Fernandez
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Biotechnology Center, Superior Council of Scientific Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
- Berking Biotechnology, Valdivia, Chile.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System, CISNE, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
- Institute of Philosophy and Complexity Sciences, Santiago, Chile.
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45
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Isaacs A, Li Z, Cheung STM, Wijesundara DK, McMillan CLD, Modhiran N, Young PR, Ranasinghe C, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Adjuvant Selection for Influenza and RSV Prefusion Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020071. [PMID: 33498370 PMCID: PMC7909420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines exhibit favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles and can be designed to mimic native antigen structures. However, pairing with an appropriate adjuvant is imperative in order to elicit effective humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we aimed to determine an optimal adjuvant pairing with the prefusion form of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) subunit vaccines in BALB/c mice in order to inform future subunit vaccine adjuvant selection. We tested a panel of adjuvants, including aluminum hydroxide (alhydrogel), QS21, Addavax, Addavax with QS21 (AdQS21), and Army Liposome Formulation 55 with monophosphoryl lipid A and QS21 (ALF55). We found that all adjuvants elicited robust humoral responses in comparison to placebo, with the induction of potent neutralizing antibodies observed in all adjuvanted groups against influenza and in AdQS21, alhydrogel, and ALF55 against RSV. Upon HA vaccination, we observed that none of the adjuvants were able to significantly increase the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells when compared to unadjuvanted antigen. The varying responses to antigens with each adjuvant highlights that those adjuvants most suited for pairing purposes can vary depending on the antigen used and/or the desired immune response. We therefore suggest that an adjuvant trial for different subunit vaccines in development would likely be necessary in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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McMillan CL, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. The Next Generation of Influenza Vaccines: Towards a Universal Solution. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010026. [PMID: 33430278 PMCID: PMC7825669 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses remain a constant burden in humans, causing millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Current influenza virus vaccine modalities primarily induce antibodies directed towards the highly variable head domain of the hemagglutinin protein on the virus surface. Such antibodies are often strain-specific, meaning limited cross-protection against divergent influenza viruses is induced, resulting in poor vaccine efficacy. To attempt to counteract this, yearly influenza vaccination with updated formulations containing antigens from more recently circulating viruses is required. This is an expensive and time-consuming exercise, and the constant arms race between host immunity and virus evolution presents an ongoing challenge for effective vaccine development. Furthermore, there exists the constant pandemic threat of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses with high fatality rates (~30–50%) or the emergence of new, pathogenic reassortants. Current vaccines would likely offer little to no protection from such viruses in the event of an epidemic or pandemic. This highlights the urgent need for improved influenza virus vaccines capable of providing long-lasting, robust protection from both seasonal influenza virus infections as well as potential pandemic threats. In this narrative review, we examine the next generation of influenza virus vaccines for human use and the steps being taken to achieve universal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L.D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.D.M.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.L.D.M.); (K.J.C.)
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47
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Thakur N, Conceicao C, Isaacs A, Human S, Modhiran N, McLean RK, Pedrera M, Tan TK, Rijal P, Townsend A, Taylor G, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ, Graham SP, Bailey D. Micro-fusion inhibition tests: quantifying antibody neutralization of virus-mediated cell-cell fusion. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:jgv001506. [PMID: 33054904 PMCID: PMC8116787 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although enveloped viruses canonically mediate particle entry through virus-cell fusion, certain viruses can spread by cell-cell fusion, brought about by receptor engagement and triggering of membrane-bound, viral-encoded fusion proteins on the surface of cells. The formation of pathogenic syncytia or multinucleated cells is seen in vivo, but their contribution to viral pathogenesis is poorly understood. For the negative-strand paramyxoviruses respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Nipah virus (NiV), cell-cell spread is highly efficient because their oligomeric fusion protein complexes are active at neutral pH. The recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has also been reported to induce syncytia formation in infected cells, with the spike protein initiating cell-cell fusion. Whilst it is well established that fusion protein-specific antibodies can block particle attachment and/or entry into the cell (canonical virus neutralization), their capacity to inhibit cell-cell fusion and the consequences of this neutralization for the control of infection are not well characterized, in part because of the lack of specific tools to assay and quantify this activity. Using an adapted bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, based on a split GFP-Renilla luciferase reporter, we have established a micro-fusion inhibition test (mFIT) that allows the identification and quantification of these neutralizing antibodies. This assay has been optimized for high-throughput use and its applicability has been demonstrated by screening monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated inhibition of RSV and NiV fusion and, separately, the development of fusion-inhibitory antibodies following NiV vaccine immunization in pigs. In light of the recent emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a similar assay was developed for SARS-CoV-2 and used to screen mAbs and convalescent patient plasma for fusion-inhibitory antibodies. Using mFITs to assess antibody responses following natural infection or vaccination is favourable, as this assay can be performed entirely at low biocontainment, without the need for live virus. In addition, the repertoire of antibodies that inhibit cell-cell fusion may be different to those that inhibit particle entry, shedding light on the mechanisms underpinning antibody-mediated neutralization of viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Carina Conceicao
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4071, Australia
| | - Stacey Human
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4071, Australia
| | - Rebecca K McLean
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Miriam Pedrera
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Geraldine Taylor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Paul R Young
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4071, Australia
| | | | | | - Simon P Graham
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
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48
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Wijesundara DK, Avumegah MS, Lackenby J, Modhiran N, Isaacs A, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Rapid Response Subunit Vaccine Design in the Absence of Structural Information. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592370. [PMID: 33250897 PMCID: PMC7672035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior to 2020, the threat of a novel viral pandemic was omnipresent but largely ignored. Just 12 months prior to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic our team received funding from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) to establish and validate a rapid response pipeline for subunit vaccine development based on our proprietary Molecular Clamp platform. Throughout the course of 2019 we conducted two mock tests of our system for rapid antigen production against two potential, emerging viral pathogens, Achimota paramyxovirus and Wenzhou mammarenavirus. For each virus we expressed a small panel of recombinant variants of the membrane fusion protein and screened for expression level, product homogeneity, and the presence of the expected trimeric pre-fusion conformation. Lessons learned from this exercise paved the way for our response to COVID-19, for which our candidate antigen is currently in phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael S Avumegah
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julia Lackenby
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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49
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O’Brien CA, Pegg CL, Nouwens AS, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Huang B, Warrilow D, Harrison JJ, Haniotis J, Schulz BL, Paramitha D, Colmant AMG, Newton ND, Doggett SL, Watterson D, Hobson-Peters J, Hall RA. A Unique Relative of Rotifer Birnavirus Isolated from Australian Mosquitoes. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091056. [PMID: 32971986 PMCID: PMC7552023 DOI: 10.3390/v12091056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The family Birnaviridae are a group of non-enveloped double-stranded RNA viruses which infect poultry, aquatic animals and insects. This family includes agriculturally important pathogens of poultry and fish. Recently, next-generation sequencing technologies have identified closely related birnaviruses in Culex, Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes. Using a broad-spectrum system based on detection of long double-stranded RNA, we have discovered and isolated a birnavirus from Aedes notoscriptus mosquitoes collected in northern New South Wales, Australia. Phylogenetic analysis of Aedes birnavirus (ABV) showed that it is related to Rotifer birnavirus, a pathogen of microscopic aquatic animals. In vitro cell infection assays revealed that while ABV can replicate in Aedes-derived cell lines, the virus does not replicate in vertebrate cells and displays only limited replication in Culex- and Anopheles-derived cells. A combination of SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the ABV capsid precursor protein (pVP2) is larger than that of other birnaviruses and is partially resistant to trypsin digestion. Reactivity patterns of ABV-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies indicate that the neutralizing epitopes of ABV are SDS sensitive. Our characterization shows that ABV displays a number of properties making it a unique member of the Birnaviridae and represents the first birnavirus to be isolated from Australian mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. O’Brien
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Cassandra L. Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Amanda S. Nouwens
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Bixing Huang
- Public Health Virology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; (B.H.); (D.W.)
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia; (B.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Jessica J. Harrison
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - John Haniotis
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (J.H.); (S.L.D.)
| | - Benjamin L. Schulz
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Devina Paramitha
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Agathe M. G. Colmant
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Natalee D. Newton
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Stephen L. Doggett
- New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; (J.H.); (S.L.D.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
| | - Roy A. Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.A.O.); (H.B.-O.); (J.J.H.); (B.L.S.); (D.P.); (A.M.G.C.); (N.D.N.); (D.W.); (J.H.-P.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (C.L.P.); (A.S.N.)
- Correspondence:
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50
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Hobson-Peters J, Harrison JJ, Watterson D, Hazlewood JE, Vet LJ, Newton ND, Warrilow D, Colmant AMG, Taylor C, Huang B, Piyasena TBH, Chow WK, Setoh YX, Tang B, Nakayama E, Yan K, Amarilla AA, Wheatley S, Moore PR, Finger M, Kurucz N, Modhiran N, Young PR, Khromykh AA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Suhrbier A, Hall RA. A recombinant platform for flavivirus vaccines and diagnostics using chimeras of a new insect-specific virus. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/522/eaax7888. [PMID: 31826984 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue, yellow fever, Zika, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis virus present substantial global health burdens. New vaccines are being sought to address safety and manufacturing issues associated with current live attenuated vaccines. Here, we describe a new insect-specific flavivirus, Binjari virus, which was found to be remarkably tolerant for exchange of its structural protein genes (prME) with those of the aforementioned pathogenic vertebrate-infecting flaviviruses (VIFs). Chimeric BinJ/VIF-prME viruses remained replication defective in vertebrate cells but replicated with high efficiency in mosquito cells. Cryo-electron microscopy and monoclonal antibody binding studies illustrated that the chimeric BinJ/VIF-prME virus particles were structurally and immunologically similar to their parental VIFs. Pilot manufacturing in C6/36 cells suggests that high yields can be reached up to 109.5 cell culture infectious dose/ml or ≈7 mg/liter. BinJ/VIF-prME viruses showed utility in diagnostic (microsphere immunoassays and ELISAs using panels of human and equine sera) and vaccine applications (illustrating protection against Zika virus challenge in murine IFNAR-/- mouse models). BinJ/VIF-prME viruses thus represent a versatile, noninfectious (for vertebrate cells), high-yield technology for generating chimeric flavivirus particles with low biocontainment requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Hobson-Peters
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessamine E Hazlewood
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Laura J Vet
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalee D Newton
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Agathe M G Colmant
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carmel Taylor
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bixing Huang
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thisun B H Piyasena
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Weng Kong Chow
- Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Gallipoli Barracks, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bing Tang
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah Wheatley
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter R Moore
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitchell Finger
- Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, PO Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nina Kurucz
- Centre for Disease Control, Health Protection Division, Northern Territory Department of Health, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Inflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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