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Javed A, Balhuizen MD, Pannekoek A, Bikker FJ, Heesterbeek DAC, Haagsman HP, Broere F, Weingarth M, Veldhuizen EJA. Effects of Escherichia coli LPS Structure on Antibacterial and Anti-Endotoxin Activities of Host Defense Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1485. [PMID: 37895956 PMCID: PMC10609994 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of Host Defense Peptides (HDPs) to the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria has important unsolved aspects. For most HDPs, it is unclear if binding is part of the antibacterial mechanism or whether LPS actually provides a protective layer against HDP killing. In addition, HDP binding to LPS can block the subsequent TLR4-mediated activation of the immune system. This dual activity is important, considering that HDPs are thought of as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, which do not provide this dual activity. In this study, we systematically determine, for the first time, the influence of the O-antigen and Lipid A composition on both the antibacterial and anti-endotoxin activity of four HDPs (CATH-2, PR-39, PMAP-23, and PMAP36). The presence of the O-antigen did not affect the antibacterial activity of any of the tested HDPs. Similarly, modification of the lipid A phosphate (MCR-1 phenotype) also did not affect the activity of the HDPs. Furthermore, assessment of inner and outer membrane damage revealed that CATH-2 and PMAP-36 are profoundly membrane-active and disrupt the inner and outer membrane of Escherichia coli simultaneously, suggesting that crossing the outer membrane is the rate-limiting step in the bactericidal activity of these HDPs but is independent of the presence of an O-antigen. In contrast to killing, larger differences were observed for the anti-endotoxin properties of HDPs. CATH-2 and PMAP-36 were much stronger at suppressing LPS-induced activation of macrophages compared to PR-39 and PMAP-23. In addition, the presence of only one phosphate group in the lipid A moiety reduced the immunomodulating activity of these HDPs. Overall, the data strongly suggest that LPS composition has little effect on bacterial killing but that Lipid A modification can affect the immunomodulatory role of HDPs. This dual activity should be considered when HDPs are considered for application purposes in the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Javed
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.D.B.); (H.P.H.)
| | - Arianne Pannekoek
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dani A. C. Heesterbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.D.B.); (H.P.H.)
| | - Femke Broere
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Markus Weingarth
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.); (A.P.); (F.B.)
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Pérez-Ortega J, van Harten RM, Haagsman HP, Tommassen J. Physiological consequences of inactivation of lgmB and lpxL1, two genes involved in lipid A synthesis in Bordetella bronchiseptica. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104049. [PMID: 36871896 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop a Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine with reduced endotoxicity, we previously inactivated lpxL1, the gene encoding the enzyme that incorporates a secondary 2-hydroxy-laurate in lipid A. The mutant showed a myriad of phenotypes. Structural analysis showed the expected loss of the acyl chain but also of glucosamine (GlcN) substituents, which decorate the phosphates in lipid A. To determine which structural change causes the various phenotypes, we inactivated here lgmB, which encodes the GlcN transferase, and lpxL1 in an isogenic background and compared the phenotypes. Like the lpxL1 mutation, the lgmB mutation resulted in reduced potency to activate human TLR4 and to infect macrophages and in increased susceptibility to polymyxin B. These phenotypes are therefore related to the loss of GlcN decorations. The lpxL1 mutation had a stronger effect on hTLR4 activation and additionally resulted in reduced murine TLR4 activation, surface hydrophobicity, and biofilm formation, and in a fortified outer membrane as evidenced by increased resistance to several antimicrobials. These phenotypes, therefore, appear to be related to the loss of the acyl chain. Moreover, we determined the virulence of the mutants in the Galleria mellonella infection model and observed reduced virulence of the lpxL1 mutant but not of the lgmB mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pérez-Ortega
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Roel M van Harten
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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van Dijk A, Guabiraba R, Bailleul G, Schouler C, Haagsman HP, Lalmanach AC. Evolutionary diversification of defensins and cathelicidins in birds and primates. Mol Immunol 2023; 157:53-69. [PMID: 36996595 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Divergent evolution for more than 310 million years has resulted in an avian immune system that is complex and more compact than that of primates, sharing much of its structure and functions. Not surprisingly, well conserved ancient host defense molecules, such as defensins and cathelicidins, have diversified over time. In this review, we describe how evolution influenced the host defense peptides repertoire, its distribution, and the relationship between structure and biological functions. Marked features of primate and avian HDPs are linked to species-specific characteristics, biological requirements, and environmental challenge.
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Kunchala SR, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJA, Donnellan SC, Haagsman HP, Orgeig S. Avian surfactant protein (SP)-A2 first arose in an early tetrapod before the divergence of amphibians and gradually lost the collagen domain. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 139:104582. [PMID: 36306971 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The air-liquid interface of the mammalian lung is lined with pulmonary surfactants, a mixture of specific proteins and lipids that serve a dual purpose-enabling air-breathing and protection against pathogens. In mammals, surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP -D) are involved in innate defence of the lung. Birds seem to lack the SP-D gene, but possess SP-A2, an additional SP-A-like gene. Here we investigated the evolution of the SP-A and SP-D genes using computational gene prediction, homology, simulation modelling and phylogeny with published avian and other vertebrate genomes. PCR was used to confirm the identity and expression of SP-A analogues in various tissue homogenates of zebra finch and turkey. In silico analysis confirmed the absence of SP-D-like genes in all 47 published avian genomes. Zebra finch and turkey SP-A1 and SP-A2 sequences, confirmed by PCR of lung homogenates, were compared with sequenced and in silico predicted vertebrate homologs to construct a phylogenetic tree. The collagen domain of avian SP-A1, especially that of zebra finch, was dramatically shorter than that of mammalian SP-A. Amphibian and reptilian genomes also contain avian-like SP-A2 protein sequences with a collagen domain. NCBI Gnomon-predicted avian and alligator SP-A2 proteins all lacked the collagen domain completely. Both avian SP-A1 and SP-A2 sequences form separate clades, which are most closely related to their closest relatives, the alligators. The C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of zebra finch SP-A1 was structurally almost identical to that of rat SP-A. In fact, the CRD of SP-A is highly conserved among all the vertebrates. Birds retained a truncated version of mammalian type SP-A1 as well as a non-collagenous C-type lectin, designated SP-A2, while losing the large collagenous SP-D lectin, reflecting their evolutionary trajectory towards a unidirectional respiratory system. In the context of zoonotic infections, how these evolutionary changes affect avian pulmonary surface protection is not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Kunchala
- Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Centre for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA, 5001, Australia.
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Le Guern F, Gaucher A, Cosentino G, Lagune M, Haagsman HP, Roux AL, Prim D, Rottman M. Labeled TEMPO-Oxidized Mannan Differentiates Binding Profiles within the Collectin Families. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416067. [PMID: 36555720 PMCID: PMC9786299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the rapid and accurate diagnosis of sepsis is a key component to the improvement of clinical outcomes. The ability of analytical platforms to rapidly detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) in blood could provide a powerful host-independent biomarker of sepsis. A novel concept was investigated based on the idea that a pre-bound and fluorescent ligand could be released from lectins in contact with high-affinity ligands (such as PAMPs). To create fluorescent ligands with precise avidity, the kinetically followed TEMPO oxidation of yeast mannan and carbodiimide coupling were used. The chemical modifications led to decreases in avidity between mannan and human collectins, such as the mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and human surfactant protein D (SP-D), but not in porcine SP-D. Despite this effect, these fluorescent derivatives were captured by human lectins using highly concentrated solutions. The resulting fluorescent beads were exposed to different solutions, and the results showed that displacements occur in contact with higher affinity ligands, proving that two-stage competition processes can occur in collectin carbohydrate recognition mechanisms. Moreover, the fluorescence loss depends on the discrepancy between the respective avidities of the recognized ligand and the fluorescent mannan. Chemically modulated fluorescent ligands associated with a diversity of collectins may lead to the creation of diagnostic tools suitable for multiplex array assays and the identification of high-avidity ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Guern
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Anne Gaucher
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Gina Cosentino
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Marion Lagune
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section Molecular Host Defence, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Laure Roux
- Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
- Plateforme des Biomarqueurs Innovants, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Damien Prim
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Martin Rottman
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France
- Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
- Plateforme des Biomarqueurs Innovants, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
- Correspondence:
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van Dijk A, Anten J, Bakker A, Evers N, Hoekstra AT, Chang JC, Scheenstra MR, Veldhuizen EJA, Netea MG, Berkers CR, Haagsman HP. Innate Immune Training of Human Macrophages by Cathelicidin Analogs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:777530. [PMID: 35958593 PMCID: PMC9360325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.777530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained innate immunity can be induced in human macrophages by microbial ligands, but it is unknown if exposure to endogenous alarmins such as cathelicidins can have similar effects. Previously, we demonstrated sustained protection against infection by the chicken cathelicidin-2 analog DCATH-2. Thus, we assessed the capacity of cathelicidins to induce trained immunity. PMA-differentiated THP-1 (dTHP1) cells were trained with cathelicidin analogs for 24 hours and restimulated after a 3-day rest period. DCATH-2 training of dTHP-1 cells amplified their proinflammatory cytokine response when restimulated with TLR2/4 agonists. Trained cells displayed a biased cellular metabolism towards mTOR-dependent aerobic glycolysis and long-chain fatty acid accumulation and augmented microbicidal activity. DCATH-2-induced trained immunity was inhibited by histone acetylase inhibitors, suggesting epigenetic regulation, and depended on caveolae/lipid raft-mediated uptake, MAPK p38 and purinergic signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report of trained immunity by host defense peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van Dijk
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Albert van Dijk,
| | - Jennifer Anten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Bakker
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Noah Evers
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna T. Hoekstra
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jung-Chin Chang
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Celia R. Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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van Os N, Javed A, Broere F, van Dijk A, Balhuizen MD, van Eijk M, Rooijakkers SHM, Bardoel BW, Heesterbeek DAC, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen E. Novel insights in antimicrobial and immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of PepBiotics CR-163 and CR-172. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:406-413. [PMID: 35840108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recently our group developed a novel group of antimicrobial peptides termed PepBiotics, of which peptides CR-163 and CR-172 showed optimized antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus without inducing antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the antibacterial mechanism of action and the immunomodulatory activity of these two PepBiotics was explored. METHODS RAW264.7 cells were used to determine the ability of PepBiotics to neutralize LPS-and LTA-induced activation of macrophages. Isothermal titration calorimetry and competition assays with dansyl-labeled polymyxin B determined binding characteristics to LPS and LTA. Combined bacterial killing with subsequent macrophage activation assays was performed to determine so-called silent killing'. Finally, flow cytometry of peptide-treated genetically engineered E. coli,expressing GFP and mCherry in the cytoplasm and periplasm, respectively further established the antimicrobial mechanism of PepBiotics. RESULTS Both CR-163 and CR-172 were shown to have broad-spectrum activity against ESKAPE pathogens and E. coli, using a membranolytic mechanism of action. PepBiotics could exothermically bind LPS/LTA and were able to replace polymyxin B. Finally, it was demonstrated that bacteria killed by PepBiotics were less prone to stimulate immune cells, contrary to gentamicin and heat-killed bacteria that still elicited a strong immune response CONCLUSIONS: These studies highlight the multifunctional nature of the two peptide antibiotics as both broad spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulator. Their ability to kill bacteria and reduce unwanted subsequent immune activation is a major advantage and highlights their potential for future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico van Os
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Javed
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie D Balhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W Bardoel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dani A C Heesterbeek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Balhuizen MD, Versluis CM, van Grondelle MO, Veldhuizen EJ, Haagsman HP. Modulation of outer membrane vesicle-based immune responses by cathelicidins. Vaccine 2022; 40:2399-2408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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de Jonge EF, van Boxtel R, Balhuizen MD, Haagsman HP, Tommassen J. Pal depletion results in hypervesiculation and affects cell morphology and outer-membrane lipid asymmetry in bordetellae. Res Microbiol 2022; 173:103937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2022.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cesaro A, Torres MDT, Gaglione R, Dell'Olmo E, Di Girolamo R, Bosso A, Pizzo E, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Arciello A. Synthetic Antibiotic Derived from Sequences Encrypted in a Protein from Human Plasma. ACS Nano 2022; 16:1880-1895. [PMID: 35112568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Encrypted peptides have been recently found in the human proteome and represent a potential class of antibiotics. Here we report three peptides derived from the human apolipoprotein B (residues 887-922) that exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococci both in vitro and in an animal model. The peptides had excellent cytotoxicity profiles, targeted bacteria by depolarizing and permeabilizing their cytoplasmic membrane, inhibited biofilms, and displayed anti-inflammatory properties. Importantly, the peptides, when used in combination, potentiated the activity of conventional antibiotics against bacteria and did not select for bacterial resistance. To ensure translatability of these molecules, a protease resistant retro-inverso variant of the lead encrypted peptide was synthesized and demonstrated anti-infective activity in a preclinical mouse model. Our results provide a link between human plasma and innate immunity and point to the blood as a source of much-needed antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cesaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rosa Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome 00136, Italy
| | - Eliana Dell'Olmo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CL, The Netherlands
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80126, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome 00136, Italy
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van Harten RM, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JL, de Greeff A, Balhuizen MD, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJ, Haagsman HP, Scheenstra MR. d-enantiomers of CATH-2 enhance the response of macrophages against Streptococcus suis serotype 2. J Adv Res 2022; 36:101-112. [PMID: 35127168 PMCID: PMC8799869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
D-CATH-2 has strong antimicrobial activities towards multiple S.suis strains. D-CATH-2 ameliorates macrophage function. DCATH-2 binds LTA. DCATH-2 has prophylactic effect against S. suis infection in vivo.
Introduction Due to the increase of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains, there is an urgent need for development of alternatives to antibiotics. Cathelicidins can be such an alternative to antibiotics having both a direct antimicrobial capacity as well as an immunomodulatory function. Previously, the full d-enantiomer of chicken cathelicidin-2 (d-CATH-2) has shown to prophylactically protect chickens against infection 7 days post hatch when administered in ovo three days before hatch. Objectives To further evaluate d-CATH-2 in mammals as a candidate for an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, the prophylactic capacity of d-CATH-2 and two truncated derivatives, d-C(1–21) and d-C(4–21), was determined in mammalian cells. Methods Antibacterial assays; immune cell differentiation and modulation; cytotoxicity, isothermal titration calorimetry; in vivo prophylactic capacity of peptides in an S. suis infection model. Results d-CATH-2 and its derivatives were shown to have a strong direct antibacterial capacity against four different S. suis serotype 2 strains (P1/7, S735, D282, and OV625) in bacterial medium and even stronger in cell culture medium. In addition, d-CATH-2 and its derivatives ameliorated the efficiency of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and skewed mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) towards cells with a more macrophage-like phenotype. The peptides directly bind lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and inhibit LTA-induced activation of macrophages. In addition, S. suis killed by the peptide was unable to further activate mouse macrophages, which indicates that S. suis was eliminated by the previously reported silent killing mechanism. Administration of d-C(1–21) at 24 h or 7 days before infection resulted in a small prophylactic protection with reduced disease severity and reduced mortality of the treated mice. Conclusion d-enantiomers of CATH-2 show promise as anti-infectives against pathogenic S. suis for application in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M. van Harten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Astrid de Greeff
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J.A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R. Scheenstra
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van Harten RM, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP, Scheenstra MR. The cathelicidin CATH-2 efficiently neutralizes LPS- and E. coli-induced activation of porcine bone marrow derived macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 244:110369. [PMID: 34954638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases in pigs cause monetary loss to farmers and pose a zoonotic risk. Therefore, it is important to obtain more porcine specific immunological knowledge as a measure to protect against infectious diseases, for example by exploring immunomodulators that are usable as vaccine adjuvants. Cathelicidins are a class of host defence peptides (HDPs) able to directly kill microbes as well as exert a diverse range of effects on the immune system. The peptides have shown promise as immunomodulatory peptides in many applications, including vaccines. However, it is currently unknown what the precise effect of these peptides is on porcine immune cells and whether peptides of other species might also have a strong immunomodulatory effect on porcine macrophages. Mononuclear bone marrow cells of pigs, aged 5-6 months, were cultured into M1 or M2 macrophages and stimulated with LPS or whole bacteria in the presence of host defence peptides (HDPs). CATH-2 and LL-37 strongly inhibited LPS-induced activation of M1 macrophages, the inhibition of LPS-induced activation of M2 macrophages by HDPs was milder, showing that the peptides have selective effects on different cell types. Upon stimulation with whole bacteria, only CATH-2 could effectively inhibit macrophage activation, showing the potent anti-inflammatory potential of this peptide. These results show that porcine peptides are not necessarily the most active in a porcine system, and that CATH-2 is effective in a porcine system as an anti-inflammatory immune modulator, which can be used, for example, in inactivated pathogen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M van Harten
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Division of Immunology, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Pérez-Ortega J, Van Harten RM, Van Boxtel R, Plisnier M, Louckx M, Ingels D, Haagsman HP, Tommassen J. Reduction of endotoxicity in Bordetella bronchiseptica by lipid A engineering: Characterization of lpxL1 and pagP mutants. Virulence 2021; 12:1452-1468. [PMID: 34053396 PMCID: PMC8168481 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1929037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-cell vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria commonly display high reactogenicity caused by the endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the major components of the bacterial outer membrane. Underacylation of the lipid A moiety of LPS has been related with reduced endotoxicity in several Gram-negative species. Here, we evaluated whether the inactivation of two genes encoding lipid A acylases of Bordetella bronchiseptica, i.e. pagP and lpxL1, could be used for the development of less reactogenic vaccines against this pathogen for livestock and companion animals. Inactivation of pagP resulted in the loss of the secondary palmitate chain at position 3' of lipid A, but hardly affected the potency of the LPS to activate the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Inactivation of lpxL1 resulted in the loss of the secondary 2-hydroxy laurate group present at position 2 of lipid A and, unexpectedly, in the additional loss of the glucosamines that decorate the phosphate groups at positions 1 and 4' and in an increase in LPS molecules carrying O-antigen. The resulting LPS showed greatly reduced potency to activate TLR4 in HEK-Blue reporter cells expressing human or mouse TLR4 as well as in porcine macrophages. Characterization of the lpxL1 mutant revealed many pleiotropic phenotypes, including increased resistance to SDS and rifampicin, increased susceptibility to cationic antimicrobial peptides, decreased auto-aggregation and biofilm formation, and a tendency to decreased infectivity of macrophages, which are all related to the altered LPS structure. We suggest that the lpxL1 mutant will be useful for the generation of safer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Pérez-Ortega
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel M. Van Harten
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ria Van Boxtel
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defense, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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de Jonge EF, Balhuizen MD, van Boxtel R, Wu J, Haagsman HP, Tommassen J. Heat shock enhances outer-membrane vesicle release in Bordetella spp. Curr Res Microb Sci 2021; 2:100009. [PMID: 34841303 PMCID: PMC8610307 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2020.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis, an obligate human pathogen. Despite high vaccination rates in high-income countries, resurgence of pertussis cases is an occurring problem that urges the necessity of developing an improved vaccine. Likewise, the efficacy of vaccines for Bordetella bronchiseptica, which causes similar disease in pigs and companion animals, is debatable. A promising approach for novel vaccines is the use of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). However, spontaneous OMV (sOMV) release by Bordetella spp. is too low for cost-effective vaccine production. Therefore, we investigated the influence of growth in various media commonly used for culturing Bordetella in the Bvg+, i.e. virulent, phase and of a heat shock applied to inactivate the cells on OMV production. Inactivation of the bacterial cells at 56 °C before OMV isolation greatly enhanced OMV release in both Bordetella spp. without causing significant cell lysis. The growth medium used barely affected the efficiency of OMV release but did affect the protein pattern of the OMVs. Differences were found to be related, at least in part, to different availability of the nutrient metals iron and zinc in the media and include expression of potentially relevant vaccine antigens, such as the receptors FauA and ZnuD. The protein content of OMVs released by heat shock was comparable to that of sOMVs as determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis, and their heat-modifiable electrophoretic mobility suggests that also protein conformation is unaffected. However, significant differences were noticed between the protein content of OMVs and that of a purified outer membrane fraction, with two major outer membrane proteins, porin OmpP and the peptidoglycan-associated RmpM, being underrepresented in the OMVs. Altogether, these results indicate that the application of a heat shock is potentially an important step in the development of cost-effective, OMV-based vaccines for both Bordetella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline F. de Jonge
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section Molecular Host Defence, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ria van Boxtel
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section Molecular Host Defence, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Tommassen
- Section Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Balhuizen MD, Versluis CM, van Harten RM, de Jonge EF, Brouwers JF, van de Lest CH, Veldhuizen EJ, Tommassen J, Haagsman HP. PMAP-36 reduces the innate immune response induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica-derived outer membrane vesicles. Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2021; 2:100010. [PMID: 34841304 PMCID: PMC8610334 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2020.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-lethal PMAP-36 treatment of bacteria increases outer membrane vesicle release. Lipidomic analysis revealed the OMV lipidome upon PMAP-36 or heat treatment. Supplementation with PMAP-36 attenuated undesirable OMV-induced immune responses.
Host defense peptides (HDPs), such as cathelicidins, are small, cationic, amphipathic peptides and represent an important part of the innate immune system. Most cathelicidins, including the porcine PMAP-36, are membrane active and disrupt the bacterial membrane. For example, a chicken cathelicidin, CATH-2, has been previously shown to disrupt both Escherichia coli membranes and to release, at sub-lethal concentrations, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Since OMVs are considered promising vaccine candidates, we sought to investigate the effect of sub-bactericidal concentrations of PMAP-36 on both OMV release by a porcine strain of Bordetella bronchiseptica and on the modulation of immune responses to OMVs. PMAP-36 treatment of bacteria resulted in a slight increase in OMV release. The characteristics of PMAP-36-induced OMVs were compared with those of spontaneously released OMVs and OMVs induced by heat treatment. The stability of both PMAP-36- and heat-induced OMVs was decreased compared to spontaneous OMVs, as shown by dynamic light scattering. Furthermore, treatment of bacteria with PMAP-36 or heat resulted in an increase in negatively charged phospholipids in the resulting OMVs. A large increase in lysophospholipid content was observed in heat-induced OMVs, which was at least partially due to the activity of the outer-membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA). Although PMAP-36 was detected in OMVs isolated from PMAP-36-treated bacteria, the immune response of porcine bone-marrow-derived macrophages to these OMVs was similar as those against spontaneous or heat-induced OMVs. Therefore, the effect of PMAP-36 addition after OMV isolation was investigated. This did decrease cytokine expression of OMV-stimulated macrophages. These results indicate that PMAP-36 is a promising molecule to attenuate undesirable immune responses, for instance in vaccines.
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Balhuizen MD, van Dijk A, Jansen JWA, van de Lest CHA, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicles Protect Gram-Negative Bacteria against Host Defense Peptides. mSphere 2021; 6:e0052321. [PMID: 34232080 PMCID: PMC8386409 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00523-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune system and constitute a first line of defense against invading pathogens. They possess antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens. However, pathogens have been known to adapt to hostile environments. Therefore, the bacterial response to treatment with HDPs was investigated. Previous observations suggested that sublethal concentrations of HDPs increase the release of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in Escherichia coli. First, the effects of sublethal treatment with HDPs CATH-2, PMAP-36, and LL-37 on OMV release of several Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed. Treatment with PMAP-36 and CATH-2 induced release of OMVs, but treatment with LL-37 did not. The OMVs were further characterized with respect to morphological properties. The HDP-induced OMVs often had disc-like shapes. The beneficial effect of bacterial OMV release was studied by determining the susceptibility of E. coli toward HDPs in the presence of OMVs. The minimal bactericidal concentration was increased in the presence of OMVs. It is concluded that OMV release is a means of bacteria to dispose of HDP-affected membrane. Furthermore, OMVs act as a decoy for HDPs and thereby protect the bacterium. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is a pressing problem and estimated to be a leading cause of mortality by 2050. Antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), and HDP-derived antimicrobials have potent antimicrobial activity and high potential as alternatives to antibiotics due to low resistance development. Some resistance mechanisms have developed in bacteria, and complete understanding of bacterial defense against HDPs will aid their use in the clinic. This study provides insight into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as potential defense mechanisms against HDPs, which will allow anticipation of unforeseen resistance to HDPs in clinical use and possibly prevention of bacterial resistance by the means of OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D. Balhuizen
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W. A. Jansen
- Section of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris H. A. van de Lest
- Section of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Section of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Section of Molecular Host Defence, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van Eijk M, van Dijk A, van der Ent CK, Arets HGM, Breukink E, van Os N, Adrichem R, van der Water S, Lino Gómez R, Kristensen M, Hessing M, Jekhmane S, Weingarth M, Veldhuizen RAW, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. PepBiotics, novel cathelicidin-inspired antimicrobials to fight pulmonary bacterial infections. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129951. [PMID: 34147544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides are considered potential alternatives to antibiotics. Here we describe the antibacterial properties of a family of novel cathelicidin-related (CR-) peptides, which we named PepBiotics, against bacteria typically present in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. METHODS Broth dilution assays were used to determine antibacterial activity of PepBiotics under physiological conditions, as well as development of bacterial resistance against these peptides. Toxicity was tested in mice and cell cultures while molecular interactions of PepBiotics with bacterial membrane components was determined using CD, ITC and LPS/LTA induced macrophage studies. RESULTS A relatively small number of PepBiotics remained highly antibacterial against CF-related respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, at high ionic strength and low pH. Interestingly, these PepBiotics also prevented LPS/LTA induced activation of macrophages and was shown to be non-toxic to primary human nasal epithelial cells. Furthermore, both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were unable to induce resistance against CR-163 and CR-172, two PepBiotics selected for their excellent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Toxicity studies in mice indicated that intratracheal administration of CR-163 was well tolerated in vivo. Finally, interaction of CR-163 with bacterial-type anionic membranes but not with mammalian-type (zwitterionic lipid) membranes was confirmed using ITC and 31P solid state NMR. CONCLUSIONS PepBiotics are a promising novel class of highly active antimicrobial peptides, of which CR-163 showed the most potential for treatment of clinically relevant (CF-) pathogens in physiological conditions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations emphasize the therapeutic potential of PepBiotics against CF-related bacterial respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van Eijk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubertus G M Arets
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nico van Os
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Adrichem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Sven van der Water
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rita Lino Gómez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje Kristensen
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Hessing
- U-Protein Express B.V., Life Science Incubator, Utrecht Science Park, Yalelaan 62, 3584CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shehrazade Jekhmane
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Immunology, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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18
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Verheije MH, Coorens M, Weerts EAWS, Berends AJ, Harten RM, Angel M, Kooij J, Ordonez SR, Beurden SJ, Dijk A, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. Antiviral activity of selected cathelicidins against infectious bronchitis virus. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hélène Verheije
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Coorens
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Erik A. W. S. Weerts
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Alinda J. Berends
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Roel M. Harten
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Angel
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Jannetje Kooij
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Soledad R. Ordonez
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Steven J. Beurden
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Albert Dijk
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University The Netherlands
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Dell'Olmo E, Gaglione R, Cesaro A, Cafaro V, Teertstra WR, de Cock H, Notomista E, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA, Arciello A. Host defence peptides identified in human apolipoprotein B as promising antifungal agents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1953-1964. [PMID: 33576886 PMCID: PMC7907042 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Therapeutic options to treat invasive fungal infections are still limited. This makes the development of novel antifungal agents highly desirable. Naturally occurring antifungal peptides represent valid candidates, since they are not harmful for human cells and are endowed with a wide range of activities and their mechanism of action is different from that of conventional antifungal drugs. Here, we characterized for the first time the antifungal properties of novel peptides identified in human apolipoprotein B. ApoB-derived peptides, here named r(P)ApoBLPro, r(P)ApoBLAla and r(P)ApoBSPro, were found to have significant fungicidal activity towards Candida albicans (C. albicans) cells. Peptides were also found to be able to slow down metabolic activity of Aspergillus niger (A. niger) spores. In addition, experiments were carried out to clarify the mechanism of fungicidal activity of ApoB-derived peptides. Peptides immediately interacted with C. albicans cell surfaces, as indicated by fluorescence live cell imaging analyses, and induced severe membrane damage, as indicated by propidium iodide uptake induced upon treatment of C. albicans cells with ApoB-derived peptides. ApoB-derived peptides were also tested on A. niger swollen spores, initial hyphae and branched mycelium. The effects of peptides were found to be more severe on swollen spores and initial hyphae compared to mycelium. Fluorescence live cell imaging analyses confirmed peptide internalization into swollen spores with a consequent accumulation into hyphae. Altogether, these findings open interesting perspectives to the application of ApoB-derived peptides as effective antifungal agents. Key points Human cryptides identified in ApoB are effective antifungal agents. ApoB-derived cryptides exert fungicidal effects towards C. albicans cells. ApoB-derived cryptides affect different stages of growth of A. niger.
Graphical abstract![]() Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11114-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Dell'Olmo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Cesaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Wieke R Teertstra
- Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Cock
- Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Section Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Rome, Italy.
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20
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Balhuizen MD, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Outer Membrane Vesicle Induction and Isolation for Vaccine Development. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:629090. [PMID: 33613498 PMCID: PMC7889600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.629090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria release vesicular structures from their outer membrane, so called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs have a variety of functions such as waste disposal, communication, and antigen or toxin delivery. These vesicles are the promising structures for vaccine development since OMVs carry many surface antigens that are identical to the bacterial surface. However, isolation is often difficult and results in low yields. Several methods to enhance OMV yield exist, but these do affect the resulting OMVs. In this review, our current knowledge about OMVs will be presented. Different methods to induce OMVs will be reviewed and their advantages and disadvantages will be discussed. The effects of the induction and isolation methods used in several immunological studies on OMVs will be compared. Finally, the challenges for OMV-based vaccine development will be examined and one example of a successful OMV-based vaccine will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edwin J. A. Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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21
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van Eijk M, Boerefijn S, Cen L, Rosa M, Morren MJH, van der Ent CK, Kraak B, Dijksterhuis J, Valdes ID, Haagsman HP, de Cock H. Cathelicidin-inspired antimicrobial peptides as novel antifungal compounds. Med Mycol 2020; 58:1073-1084. [PMID: 32236485 PMCID: PMC7657097 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections in humans are increasing worldwide and are currently mostly treated with a relative limited set of antifungals. Resistance to antifungals is increasing, for example, in Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris, and expected to increase for many medically relevant fungal species in the near future. We have developed and patented a set of cathelicidin-inspired antimicrobial peptides termed 'PepBiotics'. These peptides were initially selected for their bactericidal activity against clinically relevant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from patients with cystic fibrosis and are active against a wide range of bacteria (ESKAPE pathogens). We now report results from studies that were designed to investigate the antifungal activity of PepBiotics against a set of medically relevant species encompassing species of Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Malassezia, and Talaromyces. We characterized a subset of PepBiotics and show that these peptides strongly affected metabolic activity and/or growth of a set of medically relevant fungal species, including azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. PepBiotics showed a strong inhibitory activity against a large variety of filamentous fungi and yeasts species at low concentrations (≤1 μM) and were fungicidal for at least a subset of these fungal species. Interestingly, the concentration of PepBiotics required to interfere with growth or metabolic activity varied between different fungal species or even between isolates of the same fungal species. This study shows that PepBiotics display strong potential for use as novel antifungal compounds to fight a large variety of clinically relevant fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van Eijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Boerefijn
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lida Cen
- Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marisela Rosa
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix J H Morren
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Kraak
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan D Valdes
- Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Cock
- Molecular Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Peng L, Scheenstra MR, van Harten RM, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. The immunomodulatory effect of cathelicidin-B1 on chicken macrophages. Vet Res 2020; 51:122. [PMID: 32972448 PMCID: PMC7517697 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins (CATHs) play an important role in the innate immune response against microbial infections. Among the four chicken cathelicidins, CATH-B1 is studied the least. In this study, the effect of CATH-B1 on the macrophage response towards avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and bacterial ligands was investigated. Our results show that APEC induced CATH-B1 gene expression in both a chicken macrophage cell line (HD11 cells) and primary macrophages, while expression of the other three CATHs was virtually unaffected. While the antimicrobial activity of CATH-B1 is very low under cell culture conditions, it enhanced bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages. Interestingly, CATH-B1 downregulated APEC-induced gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) in primary macrophages. In addition, CATH-B1 pre-incubated macrophages showed a significantly higher gene expression of IL-10 after APEC challenge, indicating an overall anti-inflammatory profile for CATH-B1. Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), CATH-B1 was shown to bind LPS. This suggests that CATH-B1 reduces toll like receptor (TLR) 4 dependent activation by APEC which may partly explain the decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages. On the contrary, direct binding of CATH-B1 to ODN-2006 enhanced the TLR21 dependent activation of macrophages as measured by nitric oxide production. In conclusion, our results show for the first time that CATH-B1 has several immunomodulatory activities and thereby could be an important factor in the chicken immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianci Peng
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel M van Harten
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Section of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Peng L, van den Biggelaar RHGA, Jansen CA, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. A method to differentiate chicken monocytes into macrophages with proinflammatory properties. Immunobiology 2020; 225:152004. [PMID: 33130516 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are part of the first line of defense against invading pathogens. In mammals, the in vitro culture of macrophages from blood monocytes or bone marrow cells is well established, including culturing conditions to differentiate them towards M1 or M2-like macrophages. In chicken, monocyte-derived macrophages have been used in several studies, but there is no uniform protocol or actual characterization of these cells. Therefore, to generate proinflammatory M1-like macrophages, in this study blood monocytes were differentiated using GM-CSF for 4 days and characterized based on cell morphology, surface marker expression and cytokine expression response to TLRs stimulation at each (daily) time point. Cell morphology showed that one-day-cultured cells contained a mixture of cell populations, while the homogenous population of cells on day 3 and day 4 were flat and had a 'fried-egg' like shape, similar to human M1 macrophages. In addition, cell surface marker staining showed that 3 and 4- days-cultured cells expressed a high level of MRC1L-B (KUL01) and MHC-II. Furthermore, LPS stimulation of the cultured cells induced gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 after 3 days of culture. Finally, it was shown that day 3 macrophages were able to phagocytose avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and respond by nitric oxide production. Overall, our systematic characterization of the monocyte derived cells from blood showed that a 3-days culture was optimal to obtain pro-inflammatory M1 like macrophages, increasing our knowledge about chicken macrophage polarization and providing useful information for studies on chicken macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianci Peng
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin H G A van den Biggelaar
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Lambré CR, Aufderheide M, Bolton RE, Fubini B, Haagsman HP, Hext PM, Jorissen M, Landry Y, Morin JP, Nemery B, Nettesheim P, Pauluhn J, Richards RJ, Vickers AE, Wu R. In Vitro Tests for Respiratory Toxicity. Altern Lab Anim 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299602400506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude R. Lambré
- Department of Toxicology-Ecotoxicology, INERIS, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Michaela Aufderheide
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology & Aerosol Research, Nikola-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 3000 Hannover 61, Germany
| | - Robert E. Bolton
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 8 Roxburgh Place, Edinburgh EH8 9SU, UK
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Chimica Fisica, Universitá di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M. Hext
- ZENECA Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TJ, UK
| | - Mark Jorissen
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Campus Gathuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Yves Landry
- CJF INSERM, N9105, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Paul Morin
- INSERM U295, Université de Rouen, 97 Avenue de l'Université, 76803 Saint Etienne de Rouvray, France
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Laboratorium voor Pneumologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Paul Nettesheim
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jürgen Pauluhn
- Abtelung Inhalationstoxikologie, Pharma-Forschungszentrum, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Roy J. Richards
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Wales, Cardiff CF1 1ST, UK
| | | | - Reen Wu
- California Regional Primate Research Center, Hutchison Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Scheenstra MR, van Harten RM, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP, Coorens M. Cathelicidins Modulate TLR-Activation and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1137. [PMID: 32582207 PMCID: PMC7296178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are short cationic peptides that are part of the innate immune system. At first, these peptides were studied mostly for their direct antimicrobial killing capacity, but nowadays they are more and more appreciated for their immunomodulatory functions. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the various effects cathelicidins have on the detection of damage- and microbe-associated molecular patterns, with a special focus on their effects on Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. We review the available literature based on TLR ligand types, which can roughly be divided into lipidic ligands, such as LPS and lipoproteins, and nucleic-acid ligands, such as RNA and DNA. For both ligand types, we describe how direct cathelicidin-ligand interactions influence TLR activation, by for instance altering ligand stability, cellular uptake and receptor interaction. In addition, we will review the more indirect mechanisms by which cathelicidins affect downstream TLR-signaling. To place all this information in a broader context, we discuss how these cathelicidin-mediated effects can have an impact on how the host responds to infectious organisms as well as how these effects play a role in the exacerbation of inflammation in auto-immune diseases. Finally, we discuss how these immunomodulatory activities can be exploited in vaccine development and cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel M van Harten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Coorens
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
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Peng L, Du W, Balhuizen MD, Haagsman HP, de Haan CAM, Veldhuizen EJA. Antiviral Activity of Chicken Cathelicidin B1 Against Influenza A Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:426. [PMID: 32265870 PMCID: PMC7096384 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins (CATHs) are host defense peptides (HDPs) that play an important role in the innate immune response against infections. Although multiple functions of cathelicidins have been described, including direct antimicrobial activity and several immunomodulatory effects on the host, relatively little is known about their antiviral activity. Therefore, in vitro antiviral activity of chicken cathelicidins and the underlying mechanism was investigated in this study against different influenza A virus (IAV) strains. Our results show that chicken CATH-B1 has broad anti-IAV activity compared to other cathelicidins (CATH-1, -2, -3, LL-37, PMAP-23, and K9CATH) with an inhibition of viral infection up to 80% against three tested IAV strains (H1N1, H3N1, and H5N1). In agreement herewith, CATH-B1 affected virus-induced inflammatory cytokines expression (IFN-β, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). Incubation of cells with CATH-B1 prior to or after their inoculation with virus did not reduce viral infection indicating that direct interaction of virus with the peptide was required for CATH-B1’s antiviral activity. Experiments using combined size exclusion and affinity-based separation of virus and peptide also indicated that CATH-B1 bound to viral particles. In addition, using electron microscopy, no morphological change of the virus itself was seen upon incubation with CATH-B1 but large aggregates of CATH-B1 and viral particles were observed, indicating that aggregation might be the mechanism of action reducing IAV infectivity. Neuraminidase (NA) activity assays using monovalent or multivalent substrates, indicated that CATH-B1 did not affect NA activity per se, but negatively affected the ability of virus particles to interact with multivalent receptors, presumably by interfering with hemagglutinin activity. In conclusion, our results show CATH-B1 has good antiviral activity against IAV by binding to the viral particle and thereby blocking viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianci Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Division Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Melanie D Balhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Division Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Kraaij MD, van Dijk A, Scheenstra MR, van Harten RM, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. Chicken CATH-2 Increases Antigen Presentation Markers on Chicken Monocytes and Macrophages. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:60-66. [PMID: 31362652 PMCID: PMC6978643 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666190730125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Background Cathelicidins are a family of Host Defense Peptides (HDPs), that play an important role in the innate immune response. They exert both broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against pathogens, and strong immunomodulatory functions that affect the response of innate and adaptive immune cells. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate immunomodulation by the chicken cathelicidin CATH-2 and compare its activities to those of the human cathelicidin LL-37. Methods Chicken macrophages and chicken monocytes were incubated with cathelicidins. Activation of immune cells was determined by measuring surface markers Mannose Receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) and MHC-II. Cytokine production was measured by qPCR and nitric oxide production was determined using the Griess assay. Finally, the effect of cathelicidins on phagocytosis was measured using carboxylate-modified polystyrene latex beads. Results CATH-2 and its all-D enantiomer D-CATH-2 increased MRC1 and MHC-II expression, markers for antigen presentation, on primary chicken monocytes, whereas LL-37 did not. D-CATH-2 also increased the MRC1 and MHC-II expression if a chicken macrophage cell line (HD11 cells) was used. In addition, LPS-induced NO production by HD11 cells was inhibited by CATH-2 and D-CATH-2. Conclusion These results are a clear indication that CATH-2 (and D-CATH-2) affect the activation state of monocytes and macrophages, which leads to optimization of the innate immune response and enhancement of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Kraaij
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel M van Harten
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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28
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Mookherjee N, Anderson MA, Haagsman HP, Davidson DJ. Antimicrobial host defence peptides: functions and clinical potential. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:311-332. [DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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van Eijk M, Hillaire MLB, Rimmelzwaan GF, Rynkiewicz MJ, White MR, Hartshorn KL, Hessing M, Koolmees PA, Tersteeg MH, van Es MH, Meijerhof T, Huckriede A, Haagsman HP. Enhanced Antiviral Activity of Human Surfactant Protein D by Site-Specific Engineering of the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2476. [PMID: 31749796 PMCID: PMC6842947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical in the early containment of influenza A virus (IAV) infection and surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays a crucial role in innate defense against IAV in the lungs. Multivalent lectin-mediated interactions of SP-D with IAVs result in viral aggregation, reduced epithelial infection, and enhanced IAV clearance by phagocytic cells. Previous studies showed that porcine SP-D (pSP-D) exhibits distinct antiviral activity against IAV as compared to human SP-D (hSP-D), mainly due to key residues in the lectin domain of pSP-D that contribute to its profound neutralizing activity. These observations provided the basis for the design of a full-length recombinant mutant form of hSP-D, designated as “improved SP-D” (iSP-D). Inspired by pSP-D, the lectin domain of iSP-D has 5 amino acids replaced (Asp324Asn, Asp330Asn, Val251Glu, Lys287Gln, Glu289Lys) and 3 amino acids inserted (326Gly-Ser-Ser). Characterization of iSP-D revealed no major differences in protein assembly and saccharide binding selectivity as compared to hSP-D. However, hemagglutination inhibition measurements showed that iSP-D expressed strongly enhanced activity compared to hSP-D against 31 different IAV strains tested, including (pandemic) IAVs that were resistant for neutralization by hSP-D. Furthermore, iSP-D showed increased viral aggregation and enhanced protection of MDCK cells against infection by IAV. Importantly, prophylactic or therapeutic application of iSP-D decreased weight loss and reduced viral lung titers in a murine model of IAV infection using a clinical isolate of H1N1pdm09 virus. These studies demonstrate the potential of iSP-D as a novel human-based antiviral inhalation drug that may provide immediate protection against or recovery from respiratory (pandemic) IAV infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van Eijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael J Rynkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mitchell R White
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martin Hessing
- U-Protein Express B.V., Life Science Incubator, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter A Koolmees
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monique H Tersteeg
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Tjarko Meijerhof
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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30
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Mol N, Peng L, Esnault E, Quéré P, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection of a chicken lung epithelial cell line. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 210:55-59. [PMID: 30947980 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Virulent strains of Escherichia coli (Avian Pathogenic E. Coli: APEC) can cause initial infection of the respiratory tract in chickens potentially leading to systemic infection called colibacillosis, which remains a major cause of economic losses in the poultry industry. The role of epithelial lung cells as first targets of APEC and in initiating the innate immune response is unclear and was investigated in this study. APEC was able to adhere and subsequently invade cells from the chicken lung epithelial CLEC213 cell line exhibiting pneumocyte type II-like characteristics. Invasion was confirmed using confocal microscopy after infection with GFP-labelled APEC. Moreover, the infection resulted in a significant increase in IL-8 gene expression, a chemo-attractant of macrophages and heterophils. Gene expression of interferon α and β were not significantly upregulated and chicken Surfactant Protein A, also did not show a significant upregulation on either gene or protein level. The immune response of CLEC213 cells towards APEC was shown to be similar to stimulation with E. coli LPS. These results establish CLEC213 cells as a novel model system for studying bacterial infection of the lung epithelium and show that these cells may play a role in the initial innate response towards bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Mol
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lianci Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Esnault
- INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Quéré
- INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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31
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Scheenstra MR, van den Belt M, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JLM, Schneider VAF, Ordonez SR, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Cathelicidins PMAP-36, LL-37 and CATH-2 are similar peptides with different modes of action. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4780. [PMID: 30886247 PMCID: PMC6423055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) play a pivotal role in innate immunity and have, in addition to antimicrobial activity, also important immunomodulatory functions. Bacteria are less likely to develop resistance against HDPs because these peptides target and kill bacteria in multiple ways, as well as modulate the immune system. Therefore, HDPs, and derivatives thereof, are promising alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Hardly anything is known about the immunomodulatory functions of porcine cathelicidin PMAP-36. In this study, we aimed to determine both antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of PMAP-36 comparing the properties of PMAP-36 analogs with two well-studied peptides, human LL-37 and chicken CATH-2. Transmission electron microscopy revealed different killing mechanisms of E. coli for PMAP-36, CATH-2 and LL-37. LL-37 binds LPS very weakly in contrast to PMAP-36, but it inhibits LPS activation of macrophages the strongest. The first 11 amino acids of the N-terminal side of PMAP-36 are dispensable for E. coli killing, LPS-neutralization and binding. Deletion of four additional amino acids resulted in a strong decrease in activity. The activity of full length PMAP-36 was not affected by monomerization, whereas the shorter analogs require dimerization for proper immunomodulatory activity but not for their antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike R Scheenstra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Matthias van den Belt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna L M Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soledad R Ordonez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Ordonez SR, van Eijk M, Escobar Salazar N, de Cock H, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Antifungal activities of surfactant protein D in an environment closely mimicking the lung lining. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:260-269. [PMID: 30562646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
At the lung lining innate defenses protect our lungs against inhaled fungal cells that could pose a threat to our health. These defenses are comprised of mucociliary clearance, soluble effector molecules and roaming phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils. How important each of these defenses is during fungal clearance depends on the specific fungal pathogen in question and on the stage of infection. In this study the localization and antifungal activity of the lung surfactant protein D (SP-D) was studied in an environment mimicking the lung lining. To this end Calu-3 cells were grown on an air-liquid interface allowing them to polarize and to produce mucus at their apical surface. Additionally, neutrophils were added to study their role in fungal clearance. Two fungal pathogens were used for these experiments: Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, both of clinical relevance. During fungal infection SP-D localized strongly to both fungal surfaces and stayed bound through the different stages of infection. Furthermore, SP-D decreased fungal adhesion to the epithelium and increased fungal clearance by neutrophils from the epithelial surface. These findings suggest that SP-D plays an important role at the different stages of pulmonary defense against fungal intruders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad R Ordonez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Escobar Salazar
- Microbiology & Institute of Biomembranes, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans de Cock
- Microbiology & Institute of Biomembranes, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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33
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Peng L, Matthijs MGR, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli-induced activation of chicken macrophage HD11 cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 87:75-83. [PMID: 29890365 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause severe respiratory diseases in poultry. The initial interaction between APEC and chicken macrophages has not been characterized well and it is unclear how effective chicken macrophages are in neutralizing APEC. Therefore, the effect of APEC on activation of chicken macrophage HD11 cells was studied. Firstly, the effect of temperature (37 vs 41 °C) on phagocytosis of APEC by HD11 cells was determined. The results showed that APEC was more susceptible to being phagocytosed by HD11 cells at 41 °C than 37 °C. Subsequently, the capacity of HD11 cells to kill APEC was shown. In addition, HD11 cells produced nitric oxide (NO) at 18 h post-infection and a strong increase in the mRNA expression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-10 was detected, while IFN-β gene expression remained unaffected. Finally, it was shown that the response of HD11 was partially dependent on viability of APEC since stimulation of HD11 cells with heat-killed APEC resulted in a reduced expression level of these cytokines. In conclusion, APEC induces an effector response in chicken macrophages by enhanced NO production and cytokines gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianci Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke G R Matthijs
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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34
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van Harten RM, van Woudenbergh E, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP. Cathelicidins: Immunomodulatory Antimicrobials. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6030063. [PMID: 30223448 PMCID: PMC6161271 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are host defense peptides with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. These effector molecules of the innate immune system of many vertebrates are diverse in their amino acid sequence but share physicochemical characteristics like positive charge and amphipathicity. Besides being antimicrobial, cathelicidins have a wide variety in immunomodulatory functions, both boosting and inhibiting inflammation, directing chemotaxis, and effecting cell differentiation, primarily towards type 1 immune responses. In this review, we will examine the biology and various functions of cathelicidins, focusing on putting in vitro results in the context of in vivo situations. The pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions are highlighted, as well both direct and indirect effects on chemotaxis and cell differentiation. Additionally, we will discuss the potential and limitations of using cathelicidins as immunomodulatory or antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel M van Harten
- Division Molecular Host Defence, Dept. Infectious diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther van Woudenbergh
- Division Molecular Host Defence, Dept. Infectious diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division Molecular Host Defence, Dept. Infectious diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division Molecular Host Defence, Dept. Infectious diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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35
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van Dijk A, Hedegaard CJ, Haagsman HP, Heegaard PMH. The potential for immunoglobulins and host defense peptides (HDPs) to reduce the use of antibiotics in animal production. Vet Res 2018; 49:68. [PMID: 30060758 PMCID: PMC6066942 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate defense mechanisms are aimed at quickly containing and removing infectious microorganisms and involve local stromal and immune cell activation, neutrophil recruitment and activation and the induction of host defense peptides (defensins and cathelicidins), acute phase proteins and complement activation. As an alternative to antibiotics, innate immune mechanisms are highly relevant as they offer rapid general ways to, at least partially, protect against infections and enable the build-up of a sufficient adaptive immune response. This review describes two classes of promising alternatives to antibiotics based on components of the innate host defense. First we describe immunoglobulins applied to mimic the way in which they work in the newborn as locally acting broadly active defense molecules enforcing innate immunity barriers. Secondly, the potential of host defense peptides with different modes of action, used directly, induced in situ or used as vaccine adjuvants is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van Dijk
- Division Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J. Hedegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Innate Immunology Group, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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36
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Cuperus T, Kraaij MD, Zomer AL, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP. Immunomodulation and effects on microbiota after in ovo administration of chicken cathelicidin-2. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198188. [PMID: 29870564 PMCID: PMC5988267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host Defense Peptides (HDPs) such as cathelicidins are multifunctional effectors of the innate immune system with both antimicrobial and pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions. Chicken cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) has multiple immunomodulatory effects in vitro and the D-amino acid analog of this peptide has been shown to partially protect young chicks from a bacterial infection. However, the mechanisms responsible for CATH-2 mediated in vivo protection have not been investigated so far. In this study, D-CATH-2 was administered in ovo and the immune status and microbiota of the chicks were investigated at 7 days posthatch to elucidate the in vivo mechanisms of the peptide. In three consecutive studies, no effects on numbers and functions of immune cells were found and only small changes were seen in gene expression of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). In two studies, intestinal microbiota composition was determined which was highly variable, suggesting that it was strongly influenced by environmental factors. In both studies, in ovo D-CATH-2 treatment caused significant reduction of Ruminococcaceae and Butyricicoccus in the cecum and Escherichia/Shigella in both ileum and cecum. In conclusion, this study shows that, in the absence of an infectious stimulus, in ovo administration of a CATH-2 analog alters the microbiota composition but does not affect the chicks' immune system posthatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tryntsje Cuperus
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marina D. Kraaij
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert L. Zomer
- Division Clinical Infectiology, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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37
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van Eijk M, Rynkiewicz MJ, Khatri K, Leymarie N, Zaia J, White MR, Hartshorn KL, Cafarella TR, van Die I, Hessing M, Seaton BA, Haagsman HP. Lectin-mediated binding and sialoglycans of porcine surfactant protein D synergistically neutralize influenza A virus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10646-10662. [PMID: 29769321 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical in the early containment of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and surfactant protein D (SP-D) plays a crucial role in the pulmonary defense against IAV. In pigs, which are important intermediate hosts during the generation of pandemic IAVs, SP-D uses its unique carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) to interact with IAV. An N-linked CRD glycosylation provides interactions with the sialic acid-binding site of IAV, and a tripeptide loop at the lectin-binding site facilitates enhanced interactions with IAV glycans. Here, to investigate both mechanisms of IAV neutralization in greater detail, we produced an N-glycosylated neck-CRD fragment of porcine SP-D (RpNCRD) in HEK293 cells. X-ray crystallography disclosed that the N-glycan did not alter the CRD backbone structure, including the lectin site conformation, but revealed a potential second nonlectin-binding site for glycans. IAV hemagglutination inhibition, IAV aggregation, and neutralization of IAV infection studies showed that RpNCRD, unlike the human analogue RhNCRD, exhibits potent neutralizing activity against pandemic A/Aichi/68 (H3N2), enabled by both porcine-specific structural features of its CRD. MS analysis revealed an N-glycan site-occupancy of >98% at Asn-303 of RpNCRD with complex-type, heterogeneously branched and predominantly α(2,3)-sialylated oligosaccharides. Glycan-binding array data characterized both RpNCRD and RhNCRD as mannose-type lectins. RpNCRD also bound LewisY structures, whereas RhNCRD bound polylactosamine-containing glycans. The presence of the N-glycan in the CRD increases the glycan-binding specificity of RpNCRD. These insights increase our understanding of porcine-specific innate defense against pandemic IAV and may inform the design of recombinant SP-D-based antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin van Eijk
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands,
| | | | - Kshitij Khatri
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Nancy Leymarie
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | | | | | | | - Irma van Die
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Martin Hessing
- the U-Protein Express B.V., Life Science Incubator, Utrecht Science Park, Yalelaan 62, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henk P Haagsman
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Gao J, Scheenstra MR, van Dijk A, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. A new and efficient culture method for porcine bone marrow-derived M1- and M2-polarized macrophages. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 200:7-15. [PMID: 29776615 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play an important role in the innate immune system as part of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). They have a pro-inflammatory signature (M1-polarized macrophages) or anti-inflammatory signature (M2-polarized macrophages) based on expression of surface receptors and secretion of cytokines. However, very little is known about the culture of macrophages from pigs and more specific about the M1 and M2 polarization in vitro. METHODS Porcine monocytes or mononuclear bone marrow cells were used to culture M1- and M2-polarized macrophages in the presence of GM-CSF and M-CSF, respectively. Surface receptor expression was measured with flow cytometry and ELISA was used to quantify cytokine secretion in response to LPS and PAM3CSK4 stimulation. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were used as control. RESULTS Porcine M1- and M2-polarized macrophages were cultured best using porcine GM-CSF and murine M-CSF, respectively. Cultures from bone marrow cells resulted in a higher yield M1- and M2-polarized macrophages which were better comparable to human monocyte-derived macrophages than cultures from porcine monocytes. Porcine M1-polarized macrophages displayed the characteristic fried egg shape morphology, lower CD163 expression and low IL-10 production. Porcine M2-polarized macrophages contained the spindle-like morphology, higher CD163 expression and high IL-10 production. CONCLUSION Porcine M1- and M2-polarized macrophages can be most efficiently cultured from mononuclear bone marrow cells using porcine GM-CSF and murine M-CSF. The new culture method facilitates more refined studies of porcine macrophages in vitro, important for both porcine and human health since pigs are increasingly used as model for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Gao
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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39
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Banaschewski BJH, Baer B, Arsenault C, Jazey T, Veldhuizen EJA, Delport J, Gooyers T, Lewis JF, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen RAW, Yamashita C. The Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chicken Cathelicidin-2 combined with Exogenous Surfactant for the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Pathogens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15545. [PMID: 29138462 PMCID: PMC5686076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by recurrent airway infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and chronic inflammation. Chicken cathelicin-2 (CATH-2) has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and to reduce inflammation. In addition, exogenous pulmonary surfactant has been suggested to enhance pulmonary drug delivery. It was hypothesized that CATH-2 when combined with an exogenous surfactant delivery vehicle, bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES), would exhibit antimicrobial activity against CF-derived bacteria and downregulate inflammation. Twelve strains of CF-pathogens were exposed to BLES+CATH-2 in vitro and killing curves were obtained to determine bactericidal activity. Secondly, heat-killed bacteria were administered in vivo to elicit a pro-inflammatory response with either a co-administration or delayed administration of BLES+CATH-2 to assess the antimicrobial-independent, anti-inflammatory properties of BLES+CATH-2. CATH-2 alone exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against all clinical strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while BLES+CATH-2 demonstrated a reduction, but significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial isolates. Furthermore, BLES+CATH-2 reduced inflammation in vivo when either co-administered with killed bacteria or after delayed administration. The use of a host-defense peptide combined with an exogenous surfactant compound, BLES+CATH-2, is shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant CF bacterial isolates and reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Baer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Arsenault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Teah Jazey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Delport
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - James F Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defense, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud A W Veldhuizen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory Yamashita
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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40
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Ordonez SR, Veldhuizen EJA, van Eijk M, Haagsman HP. Role of Soluble Innate Effector Molecules in Pulmonary Defense against Fungal Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2098. [PMID: 29163395 PMCID: PMC5671533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections of the lung are life-threatening but rarely occur in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, indicating efficient clearance by pulmonary defense mechanisms. Upon inhalation, fungi will first encounter the airway surface liquid which contains several soluble effector molecules that form the first barrier of defense against fungal infections. These include host defense peptides, like LL-37 and defensins that can neutralize fungi by direct killing of the pathogen, and collectins, such as surfactant protein A and D, that can aggregate fungi and stimulate phagocytosis. In addition, these molecules have immunomodulatory activities which can aid in fungal clearance from the lung. However, existing observations are based on in vitro studies which do not reflect the complexity of the lung and its airway surface liquid. Ionic strength, pH, and the presence of mucus can have strong detrimental effects on antifungal activity, while the potential synergistic interplay between soluble effector molecules is largely unknown. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on soluble effector molecules that contribute to antifungal activity, the importance of environmental factors and discuss the future directions required to understand the innate antifungal defense in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad R Ordonez
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Veldhuizen EJA, Scheenstra MR, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JLM, Coorens M, Schneider VAF, Bikker FJ, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP. Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Activity of PMAP-23 Derived Peptides. Protein Pept Lett 2017; 24:609-616. [PMID: 28462713 DOI: 10.2174/0929866524666170428150925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Porcine Myeloid Antibacterial Peptide (PMAP)-23 is a porcine host defence peptide with strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. OBJECTIVE PMAP-23 and truncated/mutated derivatives were tested for antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities to determine core elements of the peptide required for functionality. METHODS PMAP-23 and truncated and/or mutated derivatives were synthesized. Antibacterial activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria was determined using colony counting assays. Cytotoxicity was measured against red blood cells and epithelial cells. Peptide induced cytokine production of epithelial cells was determined by ELISA. LPS neutralization was measured using isothermal titration calorimetry and inhibition of LPS induced cytokine production by macrophages. The effect of peptides on phagocytosis was performed by measuring uptake of fluorescently labelled beads by porcine macrophages. RESULTS Truncation of the peptide did not lead to a strong reduction in antibacterial activity, but interestingly, all C-terminal truncated forms were strongly inhibited by salt addition, unlike the full length peptide or the two N-terminally truncated peptides. None of the peptides were hemolytic or toxic in concentrations up to 40 μM. Full length PMAP-23 induced IL-8 production in porcine epithelial cells, however, this activity was lost in all truncated peptides. None of the peptides bound LPS and subsequently did not inhibit LPS-induced cytokine production of monocytes. Finally, all PMAP-23 derived peptides reduced the uptake of beads by freshly isolated monocytes. CONCLUSION PMAP-23 is mainly antibacterial with only limited immunomodulating capacity; the full length peptide is required for the full spectrum of activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.165, 3508TD, Utrecht. Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht. Netherlands
| | - Johanna L M Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht. Netherlands
| | - Maarten Coorens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht. Netherlands
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht. Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam. Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht. Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht. Netherlands
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Zhang W, Bouwman KM, van Beurden SJ, Ordonez SR, van Eijk M, Haagsman HP, Verheije MH, Veldhuizen EJA. Chicken mannose binding lectin has antiviral activity towards infectious bronchitis virus. Virology 2017; 509:252-259. [PMID: 28686880 PMCID: PMC7111670 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a collagenous C-type lectin, which plays an important role in innate immunity. It can bind to carbohydrates on the surface of a wide range of pathogens, including viruses. Here we studied the antiviral effect of recombinant chicken (rc)MBL against Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), a highly contagious coronavirus of chicken. rcMBL inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the infection of BHK-21 cells by IBV-Beaudette, as detected by immunofluorescence staining of viral proteins and qPCR. ELISA and negative staining electron microscopy showed that rcMBL bound directly to IBV, resulting in the aggregation of viral particles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MBL bound specifically to the spike S1 protein of IBV which mediates viral attachment. This subsequently blocked the attachment of S1 to IBV-susceptible cells in chicken tracheal tissues as shown in protein histochemistry. Taken together, rcMBL exhibits antiviral activity against IBV, based on a direct interaction with IBV virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Zhang
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Bouwman
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J van Beurden
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Soledad R Ordonez
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - M Hélène Verheije
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defense, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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43
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Schrumpf JA, Amatngalim GD, Veldkamp JB, Verhoosel RM, Ninaber DK, Ordonez SR, van der Does AM, Haagsman HP, Hiemstra PS. Proinflammatory Cytokines Impair Vitamin D-Induced Host Defense in Cultured Airway Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:749-761. [PMID: 28231019 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0289oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a regulator of host defense against infections and induces expression of the antimicrobial peptide hCAP18/LL-37. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with chronic inflammatory lung diseases and respiratory infections. However, it is incompletely understood if and how (chronic) airway inflammation affects vitamin D metabolism and action. We hypothesized that long-term exposure of primary bronchial epithelial cells to proinflammatory cytokines alters their vitamin D metabolism, antibacterial activity, and expression of hCAP18/LL-37. To investigate this, primary bronchial epithelial cells were differentiated at the air-liquid interface for 14 days in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β (TNF-α/IL-1β), and subsequently exposed to vitamin D (inactive 25(OH)D3 and active 1,25(OH)2D3). Expression of hCAP18/LL-37, vitamin D receptor, and enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism (CYP24A1 and CYP27B1) was determined using quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, vitamin D-mediated antibacterial activity was assessed using nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. We found that TNF-α/IL-1β treatment reduced vitamin D-induced expression of hCAP18/LL-37 and killing of nontypeable H. influenzae. In addition, CYP24A1 (a vitamin D-degrading enzyme) was increased by TNF-α/IL-1β, whereas CYP27B1 (that converts 25(OH)D3 to its active form) and vitamin D receptor expression remained unaffected. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the TNF-α/IL-1β-mediated induction of CYP24A1 was, at least in part, mediated by the transcription factor specific protein 1, and the epidermal growth factor receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These findings indicate that TNF-α/IL-1β decreases vitamin D-mediated antibacterial activity and hCAP18/LL-37 expression via induction of CYP24A1 and suggest that chronic inflammation impairs protective responses induced by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn A Schrumpf
- 1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Gimano D Amatngalim
- 1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Joris B Veldkamp
- 1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Renate M Verhoosel
- 1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Dennis K Ninaber
- 1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Soledad R Ordonez
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- 1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- 1 Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; and
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44
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Coorens M, Schneider VAF, de Groot AM, van Dijk A, Meijerink M, Wells JM, Scheenstra MR, Veldhuizen EJA, Haagsman HP. Cathelicidins Inhibit Escherichia coli-Induced TLR2 and TLR4 Activation in a Viability-Dependent Manner. J Immunol 2017; 199:1418-1428. [PMID: 28710255 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the immune system needs to be tightly regulated to provide protection against infections and, at the same time, to prevent excessive inflammation to limit collateral damage to the host. This tight regulation includes regulating the activation of TLRs, which are key players in the recognition of invading microbes. A group of short cationic antimicrobial peptides, called cathelicidins, have previously been shown to modulate TLR activation by synthetic or purified TLR ligands and may play an important role in the regulation of inflammation during infections. However, little is known about how these cathelicidins affect TLR activation in the context of complete and viable bacteria. In this article, we show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills Escherichia coli in an immunogenically silent fashion. Our results show that chicken cathelicidin-2 kills E. coli by permeabilizing the bacterial inner membrane and subsequently binds the outer membrane-derived lipoproteins and LPS to inhibit TLR2 and TLR4 activation, respectively. In addition, other cathelicidins, including human, mouse, pig, and dog cathelicidins, which lack antimicrobial activity under cell culture conditions, only inhibit macrophage activation by nonviable E. coli In total, this study shows that cathelicidins do not affect immune activation by viable bacteria and only inhibit inflammation when bacterial viability is lost. Therefore, cathelicidins provide a novel mechanism by which the immune system can discriminate between viable and nonviable Gram-negative bacteria to tune the immune response, thereby limiting collateral damage to the host and the risk for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Coorens
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viktoria A F Schneider
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Marit de Groot
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; and
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Meijerink
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike R Scheenstra
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands;
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45
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Kraaij MD, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP. CATH-2 and LL-37 increase mannose receptor expression, antigen presentation and the endocytic capacity of chicken mononuclear phagocytes. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:118-125. [PMID: 28715682 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidins display in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities and are part of the innate immune system. Previously, we found that in ovo treatment with chicken cathelicidin CATH-2 partially protects young broilers against respiratory E. coli infection. To determine the cellular aspects of this protection, we investigated immunomodulatory effects of CATH-2 and the human cathelicidin LL-37 on primary chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Treatment of chicken PBMCs with L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 or LL-37 increased the percentage of mononuclear phagocytes, but decreased that of B cells. L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 and LL-37 treatment of chicken PBMCs also enhanced the expression levels of mannose receptor MRC1 and antigen presentation markers MHCII, CD40 and CD86 on mononuclear phagocytes, indicating increased antigen presentation capacity. Concomitantly, L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 and LL-37 neutralized LPS-induced cytokine production, while increasing the endocytic capacity. We conclude that L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 and LL-37 can modulate the immune response of primary chicken immune cells by increasing mannose receptor expression, antigen presentation, endocytosis and neutralizing LPS-induced cytokine production and as a result augment activation of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Kraaij
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Division of Molecular Host Defence, Dept. of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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46
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Bosso A, Pirone L, Gaglione R, Pane K, Del Gatto A, Zaccaro L, Di Gaetano S, Diana D, Fattorusso R, Pedone E, Cafaro V, Haagsman HP, van Dijk A, Scheenstra MR, Zanfardino A, Crescenzi O, Arciello A, Varcamonti M, Veldhuizen EJA, Di Donato A, Notomista E, Pizzo E. A new cryptic host defense peptide identified in human 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 β-like: from in silico identification to experimental evidence. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2342-2353. [PMID: 28454736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host defence peptides (HDPs) are evolutionarily conserved components of innate immunity. Human HDPs, produced by a variety of immune cells of hematopoietic and epithelial origin, are generally grouped into two families: beta structured defensins and variably-structured cathelicidins. We report the characterization of a very promising cryptic human HDP, here called GVF27, identified in 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 β-like protein. METHODS Conformational analysis of GVF27 and its propensity to bind endotoxins were performed by NMR, Circular Dichroism, Fluorescence and Dynamic Light Scattering experiments. Crystal violet and WST-1 assays, ATP leakage measurement and colony counting procedures were used to investigate antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, cytotoxicity and hemolytic activities. Anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS GVF27 possesses significant antibacterial properties on planktonic cells and sessile bacteria forming biofilm, as well as promising dose dependent abilities to inhibit attachment or eradicate existing mature biofilm. It is unstructured in aqueous buffer, whereas it tends to assume a helical conformation in mimic membrane environments as well as it is able to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Notably it is not toxic towards human and murine cell lines and triggers a significant innate immune response by attenuating expression levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins and release of nitric oxide in LPS induced macrophages. CONCLUSION Human GVF27 may offer significant advantages as leads for the design of human-specific therapeutics. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Human cryptic host defence peptides are naturally no immunogenic and for this they are a real alternative for solving the lack of effective antibiotics to control bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosso
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | | | - R Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - K Pane
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Diana
- IBB, CNR, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - R Fattorusso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", I-81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - V Cafaro
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - H P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - A van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - M R Scheenstra
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - A Zanfardino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - O Crescenzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - M Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, Holland
| | - A Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - E Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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47
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Brinkhof B, van Tol HTA, Groot Koerkamp MJA, Wubbolts RW, Haagsman HP, Roelen BAJ. Characterization of bovine embryos cultured under conditions appropriate for sustaining human naïve pluripotency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172920. [PMID: 28241084 PMCID: PMC5328396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian preimplantation development, pluripotent cells are set aside from cells that contribute to extra-embryonic tissues. Although the pluripotent cell population of mouse and human embryos can be cultured as embryonic stem cells, little is known about the pathways involved in formation of a bovine pluripotent cell population, nor how to maintain these cells in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine the transcriptomic profile related to bovine pluripotency. Therefore, in vitro derived embryos were cultured in various culture media that recently have been reported capable of maintaining the naïve pluripotent state of human embryonic cells. Gene expression profiles of embryos cultured in these media were compared using microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR. Compared to standard culture conditions, embryo culture in ‘naïve’ media reduced mRNA expression levels of the key pluripotency markers NANOG and POU5F1. A relatively high percentage of genes with differential expression levels were located on the X-chromosome. In addition, reduced XIST expression was detected in embryos cultured in naïve media and female embryos contained fewer cells with H3K27me3 foci, indicating a delay in X-chromosome inactivation. Whole embryos cultured in one of the media, 5iLA, could be maintained until 23 days post fertilization. Together these data indicate that ‘naïve’ conditions do not lead to altered expression of known genes involved in pluripotency. Interestingly, X-chromosome inactivation and development of bovine embryos were dependent on the culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Brinkhof
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helena T. A. van Tol
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Richard W. Wubbolts
- Center for Cellular Imaging (CCI), Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P. Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard A. J. Roelen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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48
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Amatngalim GD, Schrumpf JA, Henic A, Dronkers E, Verhoosel RM, Ordonez SR, Haagsman HP, Fuentes ME, Sridhar S, Aarbiou J, Janssen RAJ, Lekkerkerker AN, Hiemstra PS. Antibacterial Defense of Human Airway Epithelial Cells from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Induced by Acute Exposure to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: Modulation by Cigarette Smoke. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:359-374. [PMID: 28171878 DOI: 10.1159/000455193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are a central component of the antibacterial activity of airway epithelial cells. It has been proposed that a decrease in antibacterial lung defense contributes to an increased susceptibility to microbial infection in smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, whether reduced AMP expression in the epithelium contributes to this lower defense is largely unknown. We investigated the bacterial killing activity and expression of AMPs by air-liquid interface-cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients and non-COPD (ex-)smokers that were stimulated with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). In addition, the effect of cigarette smoke on AMP expression and the activation of signaling pathways was determined. COPD cell cultures displayed reduced antibacterial activity, whereas smoke exposure suppressed the NTHi-induced expression of AMPs and further increased IL-8 expression in COPD and non-COPD cultures. Moreover, smoke exposure impaired NTHi-induced activation of NF-κB, but not MAP-kinase signaling. Our findings demonstrate that the antibacterial activity of cultured airway epithelial cells induced by acute bacterial exposure was reduced in COPD and suppressed by cigarette smoke, whereas inflammatory responses persisted. These findings help to explain the imbalance between protective antibacterial and destructive inflammatory innate immune responses in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gimano D Amatngalim
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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Gaglione R, Dell'Olmo E, Bosso A, Chino M, Pane K, Ascione F, Itri F, Caserta S, Amoresano A, Lombardi A, Haagsman HP, Piccoli R, Pizzo E, Veldhuizen EJA, Notomista E, Arciello A. Novel human bioactive peptides identified in Apolipoprotein B: Evaluation of their therapeutic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 130:34-50. [PMID: 28131846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) are short, cationic amphipathic peptides that play a key role in the response to infection and inflammation in all complex life forms. It is increasingly emerging that HDPs generally have a modest direct activity against a broad range of microorganisms, and that their anti-infective properties are mainly due to their ability to modulate the immune response. Here, we report the recombinant production and characterization of two novel HDPs identified in human Apolipoprotein B (residues 887-922) by using a bioinformatics method recently developed by our group. We focused our attention on two variants of the identified HDP, here named r(P)ApoBL and r(P)ApoBS, 38- and 26-residue long, respectively. Both HDPs were found to be endowed with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity while they show neither toxic nor haemolytic effects towards eukaryotic cells. Interestingly, both HDPs were found to display a significant anti-biofilm activity, and to act in synergy with either commonly used antibiotics or EDTA. The latter was selected for its ability to affect bacterial outer membrane permeability, and to sensitize bacteria to several antibiotics. Circular dichroism analyses showed that SDS, TFE, and LPS significantly alter r(P)ApoBL conformation, whereas slighter or no significant effects were detected in the case of r(P)ApoBS peptide. Interestingly, both ApoB derived peptides were found to elicit anti-inflammatory effects, being able to mitigate the production of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 and nitric oxide in LPS induced murine macrophages. It should also be emphasized that r(P)ApoBL peptide was found to play a role in human keratinocytes wound closure in vitro. Altogether, these findings open interesting perspectives on the therapeutic use of the herein identified HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gaglione
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eliana Dell'Olmo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosso
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Chino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Katia Pane
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Flora Ascione
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Itri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelina Lombardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Piccoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Italy
| | - Elio Pizzo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Notomista
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Arciello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (INBB), Italy.
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Schneider VAF, Coorens M, Ordonez SR, Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven JLM, Posthuma G, van Dijk A, Haagsman HP, Veldhuizen EJA. Imaging the antimicrobial mechanism(s) of cathelicidin-2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32948. [PMID: 27624595 PMCID: PMC5021996 DOI: 10.1038/srep32948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defence peptides (HDPs) have the potential to become alternatives to conventional antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. The HDP chicken cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) has immunomodulatory and direct killing activities at micromolar concentrations. In this study the mechanism of action of CATH-2 against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was investigated in great detail using a unique combination of imaging and biophysical techniques. Live-imaging with confocal fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that FITC-labelled CATH-2 mainly localized at the membrane of E. coli. Upon binding, the bacterial membrane was readily permeabilized as was shown by propidium iodide influx into the cell. Concentration- and time-dependent effects of the peptide on E. coli cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CATH-2 treatment was found to induce dose-dependent morphological changes in E. coli. At sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC), intracellular granulation, enhanced vesicle release and wrinkled membranes were observed, while membrane breakage and cell lysis occurred at MIC values. These effects were visible within 1–5 minute of peptide exposure. Immuno-gold TEM showed CATH-2 binding to bacterial membranes. At sub-MIC values the peptide rapidly localized intracellularly without visible membrane permeabilization. It is concluded that CATH-2 has detrimental effects on E. coli at concentrations that do not immediately kill the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria A F Schneider
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Coorens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soledad R Ordonez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna L M Tjeerdsma-van Bokhoven
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George Posthuma
- Department of Cell Biology, Cell Microscopy Core, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van Dijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division Molecular Host Defence, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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