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Taha ML, Lazrek HB, Barascut JL, Imbach JL. Synthesis of some 4-substituted 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19961050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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2
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Rudder JD, Leclerc J, Mercier M, Gosselin G, Imbach JL. D-xylo and Lyxofuranonucleosides Reviewed: Some Suggestions on The Mechanism of Activity of Antiviral Nucleosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318508077861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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4
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Bologna JC, Tosquellas G, Morvan F, Rayner B, Imbach JL. The Prooligonucleotide Approach: Synthesis of Mixed SATE-Phosphotriester Phosphodiester Oligonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Peyrottes S, Vasseur JJ, Imbach JL, Rayner B. Synthesis, Base Pairing Properties and Nuclease Resistance of Oligothymidylate Analogs Containing Methoxyphosphoramidate Internucleoside Linkages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/15257779408013213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Madelmont JC, Moreau MF, Godeneche D, Parry D, Oiry J, Imbach JL. Marquage par 14C DU S-Acetyl, N-Glycylcysteamine (1 102). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580230602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Madelmont JC, Moreau MF, Parry D, Godeneche D, Duprat J, Meyniel G, Oiry J, Imbach JL. Marquage par 35S, 14C, 3H DE LA DI [(chloro-2 ethyl)-2 N-nitroso N- carbamoyl], N, N-cystamine OU cncc. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Madelmont JC, Moreau MF, Parry D, Godeneche D, Imbach JL. Marquage Par 14C Du (chloro-2 ethyl)-3 Nitroso-3 Ureido-l′ O-isopropylidene-2′, 3′ O-p-nitrobenzoyl-5′ α ET β -D-ribo Furannose Ou Rfcnu. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580170207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Tourirte M, Oulih T, Lazrek HB, Barascut JL, Imbach JL, Almasoudi NA. Synthesis of 3'-deoxy-3'-[4-(pyrimidin-1-yl)methyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]thymidine via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2004; 22:1985-93. [PMID: 14680021 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120026399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new 3'-deoxy-3'-[4-(pyrimidin-1-yl)methyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-thymidine 6a-f, from 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-5'-O-monomethoxytrityl-thymidine is described. The key step is the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the azido group of the protected AZT 3 and N-1-propargylpyrimidine derivatives 2a-f. All new derivatives 6a-f were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the replication of HIV-1 (IIIB), HIV-2 (ROD). No marked activity was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tourirte
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques-Gueliz, Marrakesh, Morocco
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10
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Jochum A, Schlienger N, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Aubertin AM, Périgaud C. Mononucleoside SATE glucosyl phosphorothiolates as a new series of pronucleotides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:899-901. [PMID: 14565306 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the study of two phosphorothiolate derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group and glucosyl residues associated to the phosphorus atom by a 2-oxyethyl link, are reported. These derivatives could be considered as prototypes of a new series of nucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jochum
- Université Montpellier II, UMR 5625 CNRS, Montpellier, France
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11
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Abstract
N-Acetyl oligonucleotides and their prodrugs were synthesized on photolabile solid support. Tm studies showed a decrease of hydridization for N-acetyl A and G and an increase for N-acetyl C. In cells extract, acetyl groups were hydrolysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Brès
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, Université de Montpellier II, UMR 5625 CNRS-UMII, Montpellier Cedex, France
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12
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Egron D, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Périgaud C. Investigations of nucleoside H-phosphonamidate in the design of nucleotide prodrug. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2003; 22:895-7. [PMID: 14565305 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, anti-HIV activity and stability studies of a H-phosphonamidate derivative of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) incorporating a N,N-diisopropylamino residue as first model of alkylamino group are reported. The results demonstrate that such phosphorylated structure exerts its biological effects via chemical hydrolysis into the corresponding H-phosphonate, precursor of the parent nucleoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- Université Montpellier II, UMR 5625 CNRS, Montpellier, France
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morvan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Montpellier, France
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14
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Hernandez-Santiago B, Placidi L, Cretton-Scott E, Faraj A, Bridges EG, Bryant ML, Rodriguez-Orengo J, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Sommadossi JP. Pharmacology of beta-L-thymidine and beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine in HepG2 cells and primary human hepatocytes: relevance to chemotherapeutic efficacy against hepatitis B virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:1728-33. [PMID: 12019082 PMCID: PMC127241 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.6.1728-1733.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
beta-L-Thymidine (L-dT) and beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine (L-dC) are potent and highly specific inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication both in vivo and in vitro (50% effective concentrations, 0.19 to 0.24 microM in 2.2.15 cells). The intracellular metabolisms of L-dT and L-dC were investigated in HepG2 cells and primary cultured human hepatocytes. L-dT and L-dC were extensively phosphorylated in both cell types, with the 5'-triphosphate derivative being the predominant metabolite. In HepG2 cells, the 5'-triphosphate levels were 27.7 +/- 12.1 and 72.4 +/- 1.8 pmol/10(6) cells for L-dT and L-dC, respectively. In primary human hepatocytes, the 5'-triphosphate levels were 16.5 +/- 9.8 and 90.1 +/- 36.4 pmol/10(6) cells for L-dT and L-dC, respectively. Furthermore, a choline derivative of L-dCDP was detected at concentrations of 15.8 +/- 1.8 and 25.6 +/- 0.1 pmol/10(6) cells in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells, respectively. In HepG2 cells exposed to L-dC, the 5'-monophosphate and 5'-triphosphate derivatives of beta-L-2'-deoxyuridine (L-dUMP and L-dUTP, respectively) were also observed, reaching intracellular concentrations of 6.7 +/- 0.4 and 18.2 +/- 1.0 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively. In human hepatocytes, L-dUMP and L-dUTP were detected at concentrations of 5.7 +/- 2.4 and 43.5 +/- 26.8 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively. It is likely that deamination of L-dCMP by deoxycytidylate deaminase leads to the formation of L-dUMP, as the parent compound, L-dC, was not a substrate for deoxycytidine deaminase. The intracellular half-lives of L-dTTP, L-dCTP, and L-dUTP were at least 15 h, with intracellular concentrations of each metabolite remaining above their respective 50% inhibitory concentrations for the woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA polymerase for as long as 24 h after removal of the drug from cell cultures. Exposure of HepG2 cells to L-dT in combination with L-dC led to concentrations of the activated metabolites similar to those achieved with either agent alone. These results suggest that the potent anti-HBV activities of L-dT and L-dC are associated with their extensive phosphorylation.
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15
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Chavis C, Dumont F, Wightman RH, Ziegler JC, Imbach JL. Synthesis of 2',3'-differentiated ribonucleosides via glycosylation reactions with 2-O-Me or 2-O-TBDMS ribofuranose derivatives. 1. Pyrimidine series. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00341a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Standring DN, Bridges EG, Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Hernandez B, Juodawlkis A, Tennant B, Korba B, Cote P, Cretton-Scott E, Schinazi RF, Myers M, Bryant ML, Sommadossi JP. Antiviral beta-L-nucleosides specific for hepatitis B virus infection. Antivir Chem Chemother 2002; 12 Suppl 1:119-29. [PMID: 11594678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Three simple, related nucleosides, beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine (LdC), beta-Lthymidine (LdT), and beta-L-2'-deoxyadenosine (LdA), have been discovered to be potent, specific and selective inhibitors of the replication hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as the closely related duck and woodchuck hepatitis viruses (WHV). Structure-activity relationship analysis indicates that the 3'-OH group of the beta-L-2'-deoxyribose of the beta-L-2'-deoxynucleoside confers specific anti-hepadnavirus activity. The simple nucleosides had no effect on the replication of 15 other RNA and DNA viruses, and did not inhibit human DNA polymerases (alpha, beta and gamma) or compromise mitochondrial function. The nucleosides are efficiently converted intracellularly into active triphosphate metabolites that have a long half-life. Once-daily oral administration of these compounds in the woodchuck efficacy model of chronic HBV infection reduced viral load by as much as 10(8) genome equivalents/ml serum and there was no drug-related toxicity. In addition, a decline in WHV surface antigen (WHsAg) paralleled the decrease in viral load. This class of nucleosides displays an excellent overall safety profile. The first compound, LdT, has already entered clinical trials and LdC, currently being developed as a prodrug, is expected to enter the clinic in the near future. These compounds have the potential for use in combination therapy with the goal of achieving superior viral suppression and diminishing the onset of resistance.
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17
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Lazrek HB, Taourirte M, Oulih T, Barascut JL, Imbach JL, Pannecouque C, Witrouw M, De Clercq E. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of new modified 1,2,3-triazole acyclonucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1949-60. [PMID: 11794800 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole acyclonucleosides 7a-h via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of N-9/N-1-propargylpurine/pyrimidine 2a-h with azido-pseudo-sugar 4 is described and none of them had anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Lazrek
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech, Maroc
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18
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Egron D, Arzumanov AA, Dyatkina NB, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Krayevsky A, Périgaud C. Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and stability studies of 5'-phosphorofluoridate derivatives of AZT. Bioorg Chem 2001; 29:333-44. [PMID: 11846432 DOI: 10.1006/bioo.2001.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV activity and stability studies of the 5'-fluorophosphate derivative of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) are reported. The results support the hypothesis that this phosphorylated entity exerts its biological effect via the delivery of the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide through an enzymatic process. However, the antiviral evaluation in thymidine kinase-deficient CEM cells as well as the stability studies in culture medium and cell extract showed that this bioconversion is not specific to the intracellular medium. Attempts to improve the biological activity of mononucleoside 5'-fluorophosphates by the use of the S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group as biolabile phosphate protection are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- UMR CNRS 5625, Université Montpellier II, cc 008, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34095, France
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19
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Guerlavais T, Meyer A, Imbach JL, Morvan F. Use of 2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl) benzoyl as N-protecting group for the synthesis of prooligonucleotides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2813-6. [PMID: 11597406 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A short TCCT Me-SATE prooligonucleotide was successfully synthesized using 2-(tert-butyldiphenyloxymethyl) benzoyl protecting group, after its removal by means of trimethylsilyl chloride and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guerlavais
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université de Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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20
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Oiry J, Mialocq P, Puy JY, Fretier P, Clayette P, Dormont D, Imbach JL. NAC/MEA conjugate: a new potent antioxidant which increases the GSH level in various cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1189-91. [PMID: 11354374 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
I-152 is a prodrug of NAC and MEA with potent pro-GSH effects in human macrophages, astrocytes and lymphocytes. This molecule could be of interest in HIV infection in respect to its antioxidant and anti-HIV activities, but also in other diseases to counteract oxidative stress, that is, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oiry
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, France.
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21
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Moukha-Chafiq O, Taha ML, Lazrek HB, Pannecouque C, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Barascut JL, Imbach JL. Synthesis and biological activity of 4-substituted 1-[1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl-1,2,3-triazol-(4 & 5)-ylmethyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1797-810. [PMID: 11719993 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100107191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of some 4-substituted 1-[1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl-1,2.3-triazol-(4 and 5)-ylmethyl]-1-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 12a,b, 13a,b and 14-23 as acyclic nucleosides is described. Treatment of (2-acetoxyethoxy)methylbromide with sodium azide afforded (2-acetoxyethoxy)methylazide 9. The heterocycles 6a,b were alkylated, separately, with propargyl bromide to obtain. regioselectively, 4-(methyl and benzyl)thio-1-(prop-2-ynyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 7a,b. These N-alkylated products were condensed with compound 9 via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to obtain, after separation and deprotection, 1,4- and 1,5-regioisomers 12a,b and 13a,b. The deprotected acyclic nucleosides 12a and 13a served as precursors for the preparation of 4-amino (14 and 15), 4-methylamino (16 and 17). 4-benzylamino (18 and 19), 4-methoxy (20 and 21) and 4-hydroxy (22 and 23) analogues. Compounds 7a,b and all deprotected acyclic nucleosides were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the replication of HIV-(IIIB) and HIV-2(ROD) in MT-4 cells and for their anti-tumor activity. No marked activity was found. However, initial evaluation of 6a,b, 7a,b. 12a,b, 13a,b and 14-23 showed that compound 7b has marked activity against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Moukha-Chafiq
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Faculté des Sciences, Agadir, Morocco
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22
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Mialocq P, Oiry J, Puy JY, Rimaniol AC, Imbach JL, Dormont D, Clayette P. [Oxidative metabolism of HIV-infected macrophages: the role of glutathione and a pharmacologic approach]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2001; 49:567-71. [PMID: 11642020 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(01)00214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and glutathione deficiency seem to play a major role in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, as suggested by the increased survival of HIV-infected patients treated with N-acetylcysteine, a prodrug of glutathione. However, beneficial effects of GSH-replenishing drugs are restricted in vivo by the high concentrations needed to obtain biological effects and their low bioavailability. In this study, we evaluated the antiretroviral and antioxidant activities of new more lipophilic GSH-replenishing molecules, in macrophages infected in vitro with HIV-1. In these experimental conditions, a prodrug of N-acetylcystéine and beta-mercaptoethylamine, I-152 demonstrated a potent anti-HIV activity, increased intracellular GSH level, and decreased TNF-alpha production. Altogether, these results suggest that I-152 could be beneficial as adjuvant therapy of antiretrovirals in HIV-infected patients, especially in those with damages to the central nervous system or with mitochondrial damages associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mialocq
- CEA, service de neurovirologie, DSV/DRM, CRSSA, EPHE, IPSC, 60-68, avenue de la Division Leclerc, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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23
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Redwane N, Lazrek HB, Barascut JL, Imbach JL, Balzarini J, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. Synthesis and biological activities of (Z) and (E) alpha-ethenyl acyclonucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1439-47. [PMID: 11554537 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of Z and E ethenyl acyclonucleosides (6a-e and 7a-e) via Michael addition of nucleobases with the diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate is described. The structures of compounds have been confirmed by spectral data. New compounds were found to be inactive against DNA and RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Redwane
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco
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24
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Peyrottes S, Périgau C, Aubertin AM, Gosselin G, Imbach JL. Influence of a Calpha-substitution on the S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl chain on the anti-HIV activity and stability of the resulting zidovudine mononucleoside phosphotriester. Antivir Chem Chemother 2001; 12:223-32. [PMID: 11771731 DOI: 10.1177/095632020101200403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis, in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and stability study of a mononucleoside phosphotriester derivative of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a new biolabile phosphate-protection, namely S-pivaloyl-2-thioisopropyl (tBuSATP). This transient protection was characterized by the presence of a methyl substituent at the Calpha-position of the previously described S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group. Results demonstrated that the new phosphotriester entity was able to deliver selectively the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide within the infected cells. The introduction of a methyl group at the Calpha-position of the tBuSATE chain decreased the rate of this delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peyrottes
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, France
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25
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Placidi L, De Meo M, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Bryant ML, Dumenil G, Sommadossi JP. Evaluation of the mutagenic and genotoxic activities of anti-hepatitis B analogs of β--adenosine by the Ames test and the Comet assay. Antiviral Res 2001; 50:139-45. [PMID: 11369434 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(01)00140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
beta-L-2'-deoxyadenosine (beta-L-dA), beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine (beta-L-ddA) and its two bis (S-acyl-2-thioethyl; SATE) phosphotriester derivatives, beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate-bis(MeSATE) and beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate-bis(tButylSATE) have been previously shown to exhibit potent and selective anti-hepatitis B activity in vitro. None of the four compounds was mutagenic up to 100 microg in the Ames test (microtechnique) using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 97a, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102, with and without metabolic activation. In addition, the genotoxicity of beta-LdA and the three other compounds was evaluated in human lymphocytes using the Comet assay, at doses up to 5 microg with or without the addition of a microsomal S9 fraction. None of the four compounds induced DNA strand breakage with and without metabolic activation. In summary, the data clearly demonstrate that the purine nucleoside beta-L-dA, beta-L-ddA and the two prodrugs, beta-L-ddAMP-bis(MeSATE) and beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) are not mutagenic in the Ames test and do not induce DNA damage in human lymphocytes, as assessed by the Comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Placidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1670 University Boulevard, Volker Hall G019, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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26
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Peyrottes S, Schlienger N, Beltran T, Lefebvre I, Pompon A, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL, Périgaud C. Design of new mononucleotide prodrugs: aryl (SATE) phosphotriester derivatives. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:315-21. [PMID: 11563043 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, biological activities and decomposition kinetics of novel phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a S-tButyl-2-thioethyl (tBuSATE) group and L-tyrosinyl residues are reported. All the derivatives appeared to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in various cell culture experiments. The proposed decomposition process of these mixed phosphotriesters may involve successively an esterase and then a phosphodiesterase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peyrottes
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, cc 008, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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27
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Egron D, Périgaud C, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Imbach JL. Synthesis and study of a new series of phosphoramidate derivatives as mononucleotide prodrugs. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:751-4. [PMID: 11563108 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and the study of new mononucleoside phosphoramidate diesters bearing S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) groups and an alkylamino residue are reported. The studied compounds appear to be able to deliver the corresponding 5'-mononucleotide inside the cells, and could be considered as prototypes for a new kind of mononucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Egron
- Laboratoire Coopératif Novirio-CNRS-Université Montpellier II, France
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28
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Spinelli N, Vasseur JJ, Hayakawa Y, Imbach JL. Pro-oligonucleotide synthesis using allyl and allyloxycarbonyl protections: direct MALDI-TOF MS analysis on solid support. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:947-50. [PMID: 11563151 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The solid-support synthesis of pro-oligonucleotide heteropolymer chimeras had been performed with allyloxycarbonyl group (AOC) for the protection of nucleobases and of allyl and S-acetyl-2-thioethyl (MeSATE) for phosphate protections to respectively generate phosphodiester and MeSATE phosphotriester linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Spinelli
- Lab. de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM2, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
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29
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Meyer A, Spinelli N, Brés JC, Dell'Aquila C, Morvan F, Lefebvre I, Rayner B, Imbach JL, Vasseur JJ. Direct MALDI-TOF MS analysis of oligonucleotides on solid support through a photolabile linker. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:963-6. [PMID: 11563155 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to analyze oligonucleotides still anchored to long-chain alkylamine controlled-pore glass (LCAA-CPG) through a photolabile linker. This technique is useful to follow supported chemical reactions in real time and monitor by-products formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM2, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
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30
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Meyer A, Debart F, Imbach JL, Vasseur JJ. Step-by-step control by MALDI-TOF MS of an oligonucleotide synthesis on standard CPG solid-support. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:951-4. [PMID: 11563152 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to monitor DNA solid-phase synthesis on long-chain alkylamine controlled-pore glass (LCAA-CPG) with a standard succinyl linker between the solid support and the growing oligonucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meyer
- Lab. de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM2, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
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31
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Bryant ML, Bridges EG, Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Hernandez B, Juodawlkis A, Tennant B, Korba B, Cote P, Cretton-Scott E, Schinazi RF, Sommadossi JP. Anti-HBV specific beta-L-2'-deoxynucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:597-607. [PMID: 11563077 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A unique series of simple unnatural L-nucleosides that specifically inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication has been discovered. These molecules have in common a hydroxyl group in the 3'-position (3'-OH) of the beta-L-2'-deoxyribose sugar that confers antiviral activity specifically against hepadnaviruses. Replacement of the 3'-OH broadens activity to other viruses. Substitution in the base decreases antiviral potency and selectivity. Human DNA polymerases and mitochondrial function are not effected. Plasma viremia is reduced up to 8 logs in a woodchuck model of chronic HBV infection. These investigational drugs, used alone or in combination, are expected to offer new therapeutic options for patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bryant
- Novirio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 125 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, Massachussetts 02476, USA.
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32
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Shafiee M, Deferme S, Villard AL, Egron D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Lioux T, Pompon A, Varray S, Aubertin AM, Van Den Mooter G, Kinget R, Périgaud C, Augustijns P. New bis(SATE) prodrug of AZT 5'-monophosphate: in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability, and potential oral absorption. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:448-63. [PMID: 11170035 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200104)90:4<448::aid-jps1003>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro anti-HIV activity, stability, and potential for oral absorption of a phosphotriester derivative of AZT (zidovudine; 3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine) bearing a new esterase-labile S-acyl-2-thioethyl (SATE) group as transient phosphate protection are reported. The biolabile protection is characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl function in the acyl chain. In accordance with previously reported data in the bis(SATE) prodrug series, the present results demonstrate that the studied bis(hydroxytBuSATE)phosphotriester exerts its biological effects via intracellular delivery of the 5'-monophosphate of AZT. The hydroxyl function confers a high resistance against esterase hydrolysis, and the studied prodrug is able to cross the Caco-2 cell monolayers in intact form, suggesting that its further development as a possible anti-HIV pronucleotide candidate is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiee
- Laboratorium voor Farmacotechnologie en Biofarmacie, O & N, Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Coussot G, Lefebvre-Tournier I, Hollecker L, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Pompon A. Simultaneous HPLC analysis of hydrophobic prodrugs and their hydrophilic metabolites in biological media without sample preparation. Application to the biotransformation studies of pronucleotides derived from 5-fluorouracil. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:855-8. [PMID: 11563131 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Improvements of an "on-line cleaning" HPLC method for analysis of biological samples are presented: (i) the use of cleaning precolumns filled with hydrophobic stationary phases instead of the hydrophilic ones previously used to eliminate the biological matrix: (ii) the combination in the mobile phase of anionic and cationic pairing reagents in order to retain on the precolumn all the metabolites, whatever their hydrophilicity and ionicity are. Such modifications allowed to study the biotransformation of prodrugs of 5-Fluorouracil, designed to act as antitumoral pronucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Coussot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UMII, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier, France
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34
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Taha ML, Moukha-Chafiq O, Lazrek HB, Vasseur JJ, Imbach JL. Synthesis of some acyclonucleosides alpha-(pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylthio)alkylamides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:955-8. [PMID: 11563153 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of some acyclic alpha-(pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ylthio)alkylamide nucleosides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Taha
- Lab. de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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35
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Morvan F, Brès JC, Lefebvre I, Vasseur JJ, Pompon A, Imbach JL. Kinetics study of the biotransformation of an oligonucleotide prodrug in cells extract by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1159-63. [PMID: 11562977 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The fate of a dodecathymidine prodrug in cell extract was monitored by MALDI-TOF MS. This technique allows a facile identification and a relative quantification of metabolites produced. We showed that the relative peak intensities were similar to the relative metabolite proportions that permitted the determination of their half-lives. The oligonucleotide prodrug was fully metabolized to yield the T12 phosphorothioate likely through a carboxyesterase mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morvan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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36
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Morvan F, Bologna JC, Vivès E, Imbach JL. Cellular uptake and intracellular quantification of fluorescent labeled T20 Me-SATE prooligonucleotides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1165-8. [PMID: 11562978 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein labeled Me-SATE T20 models were synthesized. The high uptake of these prooligos in HeLa cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and by spectrofluorometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morvan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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37
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Morvan F, Castex C, Vivès E, Imbach JL. Polyimidazole conjugated oligonucleotides reach the nucleus of HeLa cells. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:805-8. [PMID: 11563120 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide models bearing 6, 12 or 18 histamine residues were synthesized on solid support and labeled with fluorescein. Only the oligo with 6 histamine residues showed a high uptake in HeLa cells with a nuclear localization. Experiment a 4 degrees C or with bafilomicyn A1 suggest that uptake proceeded by an endocytosis mechanism followed by a destabilization of the membrane. Once in the cytoplasm the oligo reached rapidly the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morvan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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38
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Brès JC, Morvan F, Lefebvre I, Vasseur JJ, Pompon A, Imbach JL. Kinetics study of the biotransformation of an oligonucleotide prodrug in cells extract by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2001; 753:123-30. [PMID: 11302437 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fate of a dodecathymidine prodrug in cell extract was monitored by MALDI-TOF MS. This technique allows a facile identification and a relative quantification of metabolites produced. We showed that the relative peak intensities were similar to the relative metabolite proportions that permitted the determination of their half-lives. We found a good fit between the calculated kinetics curves and the experimental points. The oligonucleotide prodrug was fully metabolized to yield the dodecathymidine phosphorothioate likely through a carboxyesterase mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Brès
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, France
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39
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Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Egron D, Cretton-Scott E, Gosseli G, Périgaud C, Martin LT, Schinazi RF, Imbach JL, el Kouni MH, Bryant ML, Sommadossi JP. Antiviral activity and intracellular metabolism of bis(tButylSATE) phosphotriester of beta-L-2',3'dideoxyadenosine, a potent inhibitor of HIV and HBV replication. Antivir Chem Chemother 2001; 12:99-108. [PMID: 11527047 DOI: 10.1177/095632020101200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beta-L-nucleoside analogue beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy adenosine (beta-L-ddA) has been shown to exhibit limited antiviral activities. This was attributed to its rapid catabolism through cleavage of the glycosidic bond and poor phosphorylation to the nucleotide beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-mono phosphate (beta-L-ddAMP) (Placidi et al., 2000). However, the nucleotide beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine-5'-triphosphate (beta-L-ddATP) inhibited the activity of both HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and viral DNA polymerase isolated from woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected serum (a model of hepatitis B) with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.0 microM without inhibiting human DNA polymerases alpha, beta, or gamma up to a concentration of 100 microM. These results suggested that prodrugs of beta-L-ddAMP may bypass the poor metabolic activation of beta-L-ddA and lead to more potent and selective antiviral activity. Therefore, the mononucleoside phosphotriester derivative of beta-L-ddAMP incorporating the S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (tButylSATE) groups, beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) was synthesized. Beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) inhibited HIV replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and HBV replication in 2.2.15 cells with effective concentrations (EC50s) of 2 and 80 nM, respectively. Intracellular metabolism of beta-L-ddAMP-bis(tButylSATE) demonstrated that beta-L-ddATP was the predominant intracellular metabolite in PBMC and liver cells. The intracellular half-life of beta-L-ddATP was 5.4 and 9.2 h in HepG2 and PBMCs, respectively. The intracellular concentrations of beta-L-ddATP were maintained above the EC50 for the inhibition of HIV RT and hepatitis B virus (HBV) for as long as 24 h after removal of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Placidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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40
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Bryant ML, Bridges EG, Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Pierra C, Dukhan D, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Hernandez B, Juodawlkis A, Tennant B, Korba B, Cote P, Marion P, Cretton-Scott E, Schinazi RF, Sommadossi JP. Antiviral L-nucleosides specific for hepatitis B virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:229-35. [PMID: 11120971 PMCID: PMC90266 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.1.229-235.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2000] [Accepted: 10/10/2000] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique series of simple "unnatural" nucleosides has been discovered to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Through structure-activity analysis it was found that the 3'-OH group of the beta-L-2'-deoxyribose of the beta-L-2'-deoxynucleoside confers specific antihepadnavirus activity. The unsubstituted nucleosides beta-L-2'-deoxycytidine, beta-L-thymidine, and beta-L-2'-deoxyadenosine had the most potent, selective, and specific antiviral activity against HBV replication. Human DNA polymerases (alpha, beta, and gamma) and mitochondrial function were not affected. In the woodchuck model of chronic HBV infection, viral load was reduced by as much as 10(8) genome equivalents/ml of serum and there was no drug-related toxicity. In addition, the decline in woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen paralleled the decrease in viral load. These investigational drugs, used alone or in combination, are expected to offer new therapeutic options for patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bryant
- Novirio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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41
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Schlienger N, Peyrottes S, Kassem T, Imbach JL, Gosselin G, Aubertin AM, Périgaud C. S-Acyl-2-thioethyl aryl phosphotriester derivatives as mononucleotide prodrugs. J Med Chem 2000; 43:4570-4. [PMID: 11087582 DOI: 10.1021/jm000996o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activities of phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing a phenyl group or L-tyrosinyl residues are reported. The target compounds were obtained via either P(V) or P(III) chemistry from the appropriate aryl precursors. All the derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV activity, and they appeared to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in various cell culture experiments, with EC(50) values between the micro- and nanomolar range. Furthermore, compounds incorporating an amino- and/or acid-substituted tyrosinyl residue demonstrated significant anti-HIV effects in thymidine kinase-deficient (TK(-)) cells showing their ability to act as mononucleotide prodrugs. The proposed decomposition process of these mixed mononucleoside aryl phosphotriesters may involve esterase activation followed by phosphodiesterase hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schlienger
- UMR 5625 CNRS-UM II, Université Montpellier II, cc 008, place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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42
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Faraj A, El Alaoui AM, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Morrow C, Sommadossi JP. Effects of beta-L-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate on host and viral DNA polymerases. Antiviral Res 2000; 47:97-102. [PMID: 10996397 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(00)00095-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that several beta-L-thymidine analogues including beta-L-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (beta-L-AZT), beta-L-3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (beta-L-FLT) and beta-L-2', 3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (beta-L-D4T) did not inhibit HIV replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells whereas their corresponding beta-D-counterparts are known as potent and selective anti-HIV agents [Faraj et al., 1997. Nucleosides and Nucleotides 16, 1287-1290]. In order to gain insight on the lack of antiviral activities of these beta-L-derivatives, in vitro enzymatic steady state studies were conducted in the present study with beta-L-AZT. beta-L-AZT 5'-triphosphate (L-AZTTP) was chemically synthesized and found to moderately inhibit wild-type HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) with a K(i) value of 2 microM; while lacking any inhibitory effect towards human DNA polymerase alpha, beta or gamma. However, the inhibitory effect of L-AZTTP towards HIV-1 RT was very modest (266-fold less potent) when compared to its isomer beta-D-AZT 5'-triphosphate (D-AZTTP) which exhibits a K(i) value of 0.0075 microM and this finding was further confirmed by DNA chain termination assay. These data suggest that the absence of antiviral activity of the parent beta-L-AZT may in part be explained by the poor inhibition of the targeted viral enzyme by L-AZTTP, the active metabolite. Finally, L-AZTTP was found to lack affinity for the mutant RT at position 184 (M184V) demonstrating that this mutation confers resistance not only to beta-L-2',3'-dideoxycytidine analogs as previously reported by our group [Faraj et al., 1994. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38, 2300-2305] but as well as to beta-L-2',3'-dideoxythymidine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for AIDS Research, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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43
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Tan X, Boudinot FD, Chu CK, Egron D, Perigaud C, Gosselin G, Imbach JL. Pharmacokinetics of bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP, a bispivaloylthioethyl prodrug for intracellular delivery of zidovudine monophosphate, in mice. Antivir Chem Chemother 2000; 11:203-11. [PMID: 10901291 DOI: 10.1177/095632020001100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a bispivaloylthioethyl prodrug of zidovudine monophosphate (AZTMP), bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP, and intracellular conversion of the prodrug to AZTMP were characterized following intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of the prodrug to mice. Concentrations of bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP, AZTMP and zidovudine (AZT) in blood, red blood cells, plasma, brain and lymph nodes were determined by HPLC. Following i.v. administration of bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP, concentrations of the prodrug declined rapidly with low levels of the prodrug detected until 4 h. Both bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP and AZTMP were detected in brain 3 min after dosing. AZTMP was found in both plasma and peripheral red blood cells, peaking at approximately 30 min and remaining detectable until 2 h. No AZTMP was detected in lymph nodes. Compared to the pharmacokinetics of AZT following its i.v. administration, i.v. administration of bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP produced lower peak concentrations of AZT in plasma, peripheral red blood cells, brain and lymph nodes. However, terminal half-lives of AZT were significantly prolonged following administration of the prodrug. Following p.o. administration of bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP, neither the prodrug nor AZTMP were detectable in whole blood. The conversion of AZT from bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP in plasma and peripheral red blood cells following p.o administration was 12.1% of that following i.v. administration of the prodrug. Bis(t-butyl-SATE)-AZTMP demonstrated promising potential for intracellular delivery of AZTMP. The prodrug also prolonged the retention of AZT in mice, and particularly increased delivery of AZT to the lymphatic and central nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Tosquellas G, Bryksin A, Alvarez K, Morvan F, Vasseur JJ, Rayner B, Rykova E, Laktionov P, Vlassov V, Imbach JL. Prooligonucleotides exhibit less serum-protein binding than phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:995-1003. [PMID: 10893717 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008033038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The protein-binding properties of dodecathymidine derivatives (prooligos) bearing either methyl- or tert-butyl-S-acylthioethyl (Me- or tBuSATE) protecting groups were evaluated. The dissociation constants (Kd) were estimated for complexes of prooligos with serum blood proteins and lactoferrin using prooligos to compete the binding of the radiolabeled, alkylating probe oligonucleotide CIRp(T)12 with the proteins. tBuSATE and MeSATE prooligos have decreased affinity of binding with serum proteins and lactoferrin compared with their parent oligos. These data suggest that prooligos should cause less side effects which combined with their stability to nucleases and enhanced permeability into cells make them potentially useful for design of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tosquellas
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, Université de Montpellier II, France
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45
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Franchetti P, Marchetti S, Cappellacci L, Jayaram HN, Yalowitz JA, Goldstein BM, Barascut JL, Dukhan D, Imbach JL, Grifantini M. Synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity of C-thioribonucleosides related to tiazofurin. J Med Chem 2000; 43:1264-70. [PMID: 10753464 DOI: 10.1021/jm990257b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of furanthiofurin [5beta-D-(4'-thioribofuranosyl)furan-3-carboxamide, 1] and thiophenthiofurin [5beta-D-(4'-thioribofuranosyl)thiophene-3-carboxamide, 2], two C-thioribonucleoside analogues of tiazofurin, are described. Direct trifluoroacetic acid-catalyzed C-glycosylation of ethyl furan-3-carboxylate with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-4-thio-D-ribofuranose gave 2- and 5-glycosylated regioisomers, as a mixture of alpha and beta anomers. Ethyl 5-(2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl)-beta-D-(4'-thioribofuranosyl)furan-3-carboxylate (6beta) was debenzylated and then converted into the corresponding amide (furanthiofurin) by reaction with ammonium hydroxide. A similar C-glycosylation of ethyl thiophene-3-carboxylate with 1,2,3,5-tetra-O-acetyl-4-thio-D-ribofuranose catalyzed by stannic chloride afforded an anomeric mixture of 2- and 5-glycosylated regioisomers. Deacetylation of ethyl 5-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl)-beta-D-(4'-thioribofuranosyl)thiophene-3-carboxylate (13beta) with methanolic ammonia and treatment of the ethyl ester with ammonium hydroxide gave thiophenthiofurin. The glycosylation site and anomeric configuration were established by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Thiophenthiofurin was found to be cytotoxic in vitro toward human myelogenous leukemia K562, albeit 39-fold less than thiophenfurin, while furanthiofurin proved to be inactive. K562 cells incubated with thiophenthiofurin resulted in inhibition of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) and an increase in IMP pools with a concurrent decrease in GTP levels. From computational studies it was deduced that, among the C-nucleoside analogues of tiazofurin, activity requires an electrophilic sulfur adjacent to the C-glycosidic bond and an energetically favorable conformer around chi = 0 degrees. Among these, the more constrained (least flexible) compounds (tiazofurin and thiophenfurin) are more active than the less constrained thiophenthiofurin. Those compounds which contain a nucleophilic oxygen in place of the thiazole or thiophene (oxazofurin, furanfurin, and furanthiofurin) show the least activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Franchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino, 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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46
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Placidi L, Cretton-Scott E, Gosselin G, Pierra C, Schinazi RF, Imbach JL, el Kouni MH, Sommadossi JP. Intracellular metabolism of beta-L-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine: relevance to its limited antiviral activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:853-8. [PMID: 10722481 PMCID: PMC89782 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.4.853-858.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular metabolism of the beta-L- enantiomer of 2', 3'-dideoxyadenosine (beta-L-ddA) was investigated in HepG2 cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and primary cultured human hepatocytes in an effort to understand the metabolic basis of its limited activity on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus. Incubation of cells with 10 microM [2',3',8-(3)H]-beta-L-ddA resulted in an increased intracellular concentration of beta-L-ddA with time, demonstrating that these cells were able to transport beta-L-ddA. However, it did not result in the phosphorylation of beta-L-ddA to its pharmacologically active 5'-triphosphate (beta-L-ddATP). Five other intracellular metabolites were detected and identified as beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxyribonolactone, hypoxanthine, inosine, ADP, and ATP, with the last being the predominant metabolite, reaching levels as high as 5.14 +/- 0.95, 8.15 +/- 2.64, and 15.60 +/- 1.74 pmol/10(6) cells at 8, 4, and 2 h in HepG2 cells, PBMC, and hepatocytes, respectively. In addition, a beta-glucuronic derivative of beta-L-ddA was detected in cultured hepatocytes, accounting for 12.5% of the total metabolite pool. Coincubation of hepatocytes in primary culture with beta-L-ddA in the presence of increasing concentrations of 5'-methylthioadenosine resulted in decreased phosphorolysis of beta-L-ddA and formation of associated metabolites. These results indicate that the limited antiviral activity of beta-L-ddA is the result of its inadequate phosphorylation to the nucleotide level due to phosphorolysis and catabolism of beta-L-ddA by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.28).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Placidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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47
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Pierra C, Imbach JL, De Clercq E, Balzarini J, Van Aerschot A, Herdewijn P, Faraj A, Loi AG, Sommadossi JP, Gosselin G. Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxy-5-chloropyrimidine nucleosides and pronucleotides. Antiviral Res 2000; 45:169-83. [PMID: 10771081 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-3542(00)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and in vitro anti human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities of some unnatural beta-L-nucleoside enantiomers related to the anti-HIV compound 2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoro-5-chlorouridine (beta-D-3'Fdd5ClU) are reported. In contrast to beta-D-3'Fdd5ClU, beta-L-3'Fdd5ClU and the other L-congeners were devoid of significant anti-HIV effects, but beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-chlorocytidine (beta-L-dd5ClC) and beta-L-2', 3'-dideoxy-3'-fluoro-cytidine (beta-L-3'FddC) showed a distinct anti-HBV activity. Three mononucleoside phosphotriester derivatives with S-pivaloyl-2-thioethyl (t-BuSATE) groups as biolabile phosphate protective groups were also synthesized. The bis(t-BuSATE) derivative of beta-D-3'Fdd5ClU retained anti-HIV activity in thymidine kinase deficient (TK(-)) CEM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pierra
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR CNRS 5625, Case Courrier 008, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
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48
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Mathé C, Imbach JL, Gosselin G. 1,2-di-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-L-erythro-pentofuran ose, a convenient precursor for the stereospecific synthesis of nucleoside analogues with the unnatural beta-L-configuration. Carbohydr Res 2000; 323:226-9. [PMID: 10782306 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The title compound 1,2-di-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-L-erythro-pentofuranose (5), a useful precursor for the stereospecific synthesis of beta-L-nucleoside analogues as potential antiviral agents, has been synthesised by a multi-step reaction sequence from L-xylose with a 38% overall yield. The preparation involved conversion of L-xylose to 1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L-xylofuranose which, upon selective 5-O-benzoylation and subsequent radical deoxygenation, provided the protected 3-deoxy sugar derivative. Finally, cleavage of the acetonide group gave the resulting 5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-L-erythro-pentose which was acetylated to afford crystalline alpha,beta-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mathé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoléculaire de Synthèse, UMR CNRS-UM II 5625, Université Montpellier II, France.
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Meyer A, Spinelli N, Imbach JL, Vasseur JJ. Analysis of solid-supported oligonucleotides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000; 14:234-242. [PMID: 10669882 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000229)14:4<234::aid-rcm874>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) as a powerful tool to analyze and characterize oligonucleotides covalently linked to a solid support during their synthesis. The analysis of the fragment ions generated either in negative or positive mode allows direct and easy access to the nucleotide sequence and identification of the internucleosidic linkage. The mechanisms of the fragmentation of the solid-supported oligonucleotides induced by MALDI-TOFMS are discussed. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meyer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biomoleculaire de Synthese, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 5625, Case Courrier 008, Universite Montpellier II, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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50
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Martin LT, Cretton-Scott E, Placidi L, Faraj A, Loi AG, Schinazi RF, McClure HM, Gosselin G, Imbach JL, Sommadossi JP. In vitro and in vivo metabolism and pharmacokinetics of bis [(t-butyl)-S-acyl-2-thioethyl]-beta-L-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine monophosphate. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2000; 19:481-99. [PMID: 10772729 DOI: 10.1080/15257770008033023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to 10 &M L-FddCMP-bisSATE led to formation of intracellular L-FddCTP levels of 410.1(+/-) +/- 46.2 and 242.1 +/- 13.2 pmol/10(6) cells in unstimulated and PHAstimulated PBM cells, respectively; whereas, exposure of cells to the parent nucleoside, L-FddC, generated 5-10-fold less L-FddCTP. In Hep-G2 cells and EGF/HGF stimulated and unstimulated primary cultured hepatocytes, the active metabolite reached 113 +/- 29, 23.9 +/- 15.6, and 20.6 +/- 10.5 pmol/10(6) cells. Three other metabolites, L-FddCMP-monoSATE, L-FddCMP-SH, and M I, were detected intracellularly and extracellularly in all cell types examined. Intravenous administered dose of 3 mg/kg L-FddCMP-bisSATE to rhesus monkeys resulted in plasma concentration levels of 2.06 +/- 1.00 and 0.39 +/- 0.15 &M of L-FddCMP-monoSATE and L-FddC, respectively, while the prodrug was completely cleared metabolically within 15 min. Following oral administration of an equivalent dose, the absolute oral bioavailability of L-FddC derived from L-FddCMP-bisSATE administration was 65%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Martin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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