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Hiremath J, Hemadri D, Nayakvadi S, Kumar C, Gowda CSS, Sharma D, Ramamoorthy R, Mamatha SS, Patil S, Ranjini RA, Jayamohanan TV, Swapna SA, Gulati BR. Epidemiological investigation of ASF outbreaks in Kerala (India): detection, source tracing and economic implications. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:827-837. [PMID: 37955753 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates suspected African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in two villages of Kannur district in Kerala, India, with the aim of identifying the causative agent and its genotype, the source of infection, and estimating the economic losses due to the outbreaks. Clinically, the disease was acute with high mortality, while gross pathology was characterized by widespread haemorrhages in various organs, especially the spleen, which was dark, enlarged and had friable cut surfaces with diffuse haemorrhages. Notably, histopathological examination revealed multifocal, diffuse haemorrhages in the splenic parenchyma and lymphoid depletion accompanied by lymphoid cell necrosis. The clinico-pathological observations were suggestive of ASF, which was confirmed by PCR. The source of outbreak was identified as swill and it was a likely point source infection as revealed by epidemic curve analysis. The phylogenetic analysis of p72 gene identified the ASFV in the current outbreak as genotype-II and IGR II variant consistent with ASFVs detected in India thus far. However, the sequence analysis of the Central Variable Region (CVR) of the B602L gene showed that the ASFVs circulating in Kerala (South India) formed a separate clade along with those found in Mizoram (North East India), while ASFVs circulating in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam states of India grouped in to different clade. This study represents the first investigation of ASF outbreak in South India, establishing the genetic relatedness of the ASFV circulating in this region with that in other parts of the country. The study also underscores the utility of the CVR of the B602L gene in genetically characterizing highly similar Genotype II ASFVs to understand the spread of ASF within the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethan Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Damini Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendran Ramamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Shankanahalli Mamatha
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanagouda Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Susan Abraham Swapna
- Department of Animal Husbandry, State Institute for Animal Diseases, Palode, Kerala, India
| | - Baldev Raj Gulati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Shome R, Kilari S, Sahare A, Kalleshamurthy T, Shome BR, Skariah S, Hiremath J, Misri J, Rahman H. Characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses elicited by reduced doses of Brucella abortus S19 (calfhood) vaccine in cattle calves of India. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:124-133. [PMID: 37003120 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Brucella abortus S19 vaccine is a stable attenuated smooth strain, globally used as calfhood vaccine for the prevention of bovine brucellosis. Various agencies demonstrated different doses for vaccinating cattle and buffalo calves leading to ambiguity in selecting a suitable immune vaccine dose. The current study aimed at evaluating four graded doses of S19 vaccine to arrive at the dose which could produce comparable effectiveness as that of full dose prescribed by Indian Pharmacopeia among the Indian calves. Four vaccine doses of which the first dose consisted of full dose (40 × 109 CFU/dose) and the other three were 1/10th, 1/20th, 1/100th reduced doses along with control were tested. Each vaccine dose was administered to 13 cattle calves of 4-5 months of age maintained in separate groups. The blood samples were collected on 0 to 240 days post-vaccination (DPV) at the intervals of 0, 14, 28, 45, 60, 90, 150, 180 and 240 for assessment of vaccine-induced innate, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The sero-conversion of all vaccinated animals on DPV 45 and persistence of antibody till DPV 240 were noticed. No significant differences were observed in antibody response between animal groups that received full and 1/10th reduced doses. Innate and cell-mediated response by IL-6, TNF-α¸ IFN-γ, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts showed dose-dependent responses with no significant difference between full dose and 1/10th reduced doses. The results suggest a possible one log reduction of full dose without compromising immune responses to aid larger vaccination coverage for creating herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India.
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Intervet India Pvt. Ltd., MSD Animal Health, Brihanagar, Wagholi, Pune 412 207, India
| | - Amol Sahare
- Intervet India Pvt. Ltd., MSD Animal Health, Brihanagar, Wagholi, Pune 412 207, India
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Somy Skariah
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, Block-C, First Floor, NASC Complex, CG Centre, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India
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S Patil S, Suresh KP, Velankar A, Shivaranjini C, Hemadri D, Hiremath J, Jacob SS. Seroprevalence of Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in India: A 5-year study. Vet Ital 2022; 58. [PMID: 37219831 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2433.16160.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a highly contagious disease of bovines causing respiratory symptoms, abortions, and reduced milk yield, leading to huge economic losses. Reports on seroprevalence in bovines in India are available and restricted to districts/states. In the present study, a nationwide seroprevalence of IBR in bovines was conducted to provide a national IBR seroprevalence to the Chief Veterinarian who in turn can design the control strategies. A total of 15,592 cattle and buffalo serum samples from 25 states and 3 Union Territories viz., Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands were tested for IBR antibodies using Avidin‑Biotin (AB) ELISA. Cumulative seropositivity was found to be 31.37%. Maharashtra and Rajasthan states, part of the west zone of the country, showed the highest and lowest seroprevalence, respectively. A total of 11,423 cattle and 4,169 buffalo serum samples were tested, which showed 33.91% and 24.39% seropositivity, respectively. India has the highest buffalo population. Presently, India no IBR vaccination programs are implemented in India. Considering the high seroprevalence, the authorities should plan control strategies for vaccinating dairy cows and buffaloes in India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akshatha Velankar
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics
| | - C Shivaranjini
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics
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Karabasanavar N, Benakabhat M, Gopalakrishna S, Bagalkote PS, Hiremath J, Patil G, Sivaraman G, Barbuddhe S. Polyclonal hen egg yolk antibodies could confer passive protection against
Salmonella
serotypes in broiler chicks. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagappa Karabasanavar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries, Sciences University, Bidar) Hassan Karnataka India
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries, Sciences University, Bidar) Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | - Madhavaprasad Benakabhat
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries, Sciences University, Bidar) Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | - Shilpa Gopalakrishna
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries, Sciences University, Bidar) Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | - Prashanth S. Bagalkote
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College (Karnataka Veterinary, Animal & Fisheries, Sciences University, Bidar) Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR‐National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Girish Patil
- ICAR‐National Research Center on Meat Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Gopalan Sivaraman
- Microbiology, Fermentation & Biotechnology Division ICAR‐ Central Institute of Fisheries Technology Cochin Kerala India
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5
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Patil SS, Suresh KP, Hemadri D, Hiremath J, Sridevi R, Krishnamoorthy P, Bhatia S, Roy P. Spatial seroprevalence of classical swine fever in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:389. [PMID: 34219195 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious dreadful disease of pigs leading to 100% mortality in acute form in susceptible population thereby causing huge economic loss to pig farmers. This study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of CSF at national level. A two-stage random sampling methodology was adopted that included 271 villages from 115 districts of India. A total of 5848 pig serum samples from twenty-five states and one Union Territory of India were collected during 2018-2019. A percent positivity of 38.52 was found at national level. Puducherry and Sikkim showed the highest and lowest percent positivity respectively. Pigs from the west zone showed the highest seroprevalence of 55.83% and those from the south zone showed the lowest of 30.25%. Adult pigs in the north and east zones showed highest percent positivity of 81.8, whereas pigs of more than 3 years of age showed highest percent positivity of 54.9, 75 and 62.5 in the north east, west and central zones respectively. Young ones showed percent positivity of 41.5 in the south zone. Higher rainfall (> 3 mm/day) and lower temperature (< 26 °C) favoured the existence of disease in the north east region combined with high density of pig population. Amidst no fool proof alert system, seroprevalence is the best method to assess the status of CSF in herd/population that provides the policymakers to plan for control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanagouda S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India.
| | | | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajangam Sridevi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paramanadham Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
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6
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Renu S, Wilson HL, Tabynov K, Hiremath J. Editorial: Engineered Adjuvants and Carriers for an Animal Infectious Disease Vaccine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:692634. [PMID: 34095103 PMCID: PMC8176111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.692634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Heather L Wilson
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, India
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7
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Chethan Kumar HB, Hiremath J, Yogisharadhya R, Balamurugan V, Jacob SS, Manjunatha Reddy GB, Suresh KP, Shome R, Nagalingam M, Sridevi R, Patil SS, Prajapati A, Govindaraj G, Sengupta PP, Hemadri D, Krishnamoorthy P, Misri J, Kumar A, Tripathi BN, Shome BR. Animal disease surveillance: Its importance & present status in India. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:299-310. [PMID: 33906992 PMCID: PMC8204830 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_740_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal disease surveillance encompasses systematic collection of long-term data on disease events, risk factors and other relevant parameters followed by analyzing the same with reference to temporal and spatial characteristics to arrive at a conclusion so that necessary preventive measures can be taken. In India, the animal disease surveillance is done through National Animal Disease Reporting System, which is a web-based information technology system for disease reporting from States and Union Territories with the aim to record, monitor livestock disease situation and to initiate the preventive and curative action in a swift manner during disease emergencies. National Animal Disease Referral Expert System is a dynamic geographic information system and remote sensing-enabled expert system that captures an incidence of 13 economically important livestock diseases from all over the country and also provides livestock disease forecasting. The laboratories under State and Central governments, several research institutes under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and veterinary colleges are involved in livestock disease diagnosis including zoonotic diseases. An integrated surveillance system is necessary for early detection of emerging/zoonotic diseases in humans. This review provides information on disease reporting and surveillance systems in animal health sector and the need for One Health approach to improve and strengthen the zoonotic disease surveillance system in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Chethan Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Yogisharadhya
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Balamurugan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Siju Susan Jacob
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - G B Manjunatha Reddy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K P Suresh
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Nagalingam
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Sridevi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Awadesh Prajapati
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - G Govindaraj
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P P Sengupta
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - B N Tripathi
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology & Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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8
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Kashyap SP, Hiremath J, Vinutha S, Patil SS, Suresh KP, Roy P, Hemadri D. Development of recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sero-survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Vet World 2020; 13:2587-2595. [PMID: 33487975 PMCID: PMC7811545 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2587-2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease endemic in many countries and is of economic importance. India was free from PRRS until the first outbreak was reported from a North-East Indian state in 2013. Since then, disease outbreaks have been reported from North-East India and the pilot study conducted earlier showed that it is gradually spreading to the rest of India. Considering there are no locally developed population screening tests available for PRRS and imported diagnostic/screening tests are expensive, the present study was aimed at developing recombinant nucleocapsid (rN) protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). Materials and Methods: The rN protein of PRRS virus (PRRSV) was produced following standard cloning, expression, and purification procedures. Using this antigen, iELISA was optimized for the detection of serum antibodies to PRRSV. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were assessed by comparing it with a commercial PRRSV antibody detection kit. Result: A total of 745 serum samples from ten different states of India were screened using the developed iELISA. The iELISA had a relative specificity of 76.18% and sensitivity of 82.61% compared to the commercial ELISA (Priocheck PRRSV ELISA kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Conclusion: The iELISA, which deployed rN protein from Indian PRRSV, was found to be suitable in the serological survey and may be a useful tool in future disease surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Phani Kashyap
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, P.B. No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, P.B. No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Vinutha
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, P.B. No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanagouda S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, P.B. No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kuralayanapalya P Suresh
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, P.B. No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, P.B. No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, P.B. No. 6450, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Shome R, Kilari S, Sahare A, Kalleshamurthy T, Heballi Niranjanamurthy H, Ranjan Shome B, Hiremath J, Misri J, Rahman H. Evaluation of the immune responses against reduced doses of Brucella abortus S19 (calfhood) vaccine in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), India. Vaccine 2020; 38:7070-7078. [PMID: 32943264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella abortus S19 is the most widely used vaccine for the prevention of bovine brucellosis which remains the reference vaccine to which many other vaccine/s are compared. Considering the larger vaccination coverage by reduced dose of vaccine, the study aimed to compare reduced graded doses (1/10th, 1/20th and 1/100th) with standard dose of S19 vaccine (40 × 109CFU /dose) to determine the effective immunizing dose in water buffaloes. METHODS A total of 25 female buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis) in the age group of 4-5 months were equally grouped into five animals each in four test and one control groups and given with specified vaccine dose. The blood samples were collected on post vaccination days 14, 28, 45, 60, 90 and 120 for assessing innate (TNF-α and IL-12), humoral (IgG antibodies against Brucella LPS) and cell mediated immune responses (IFN-γ, CD4 + and CD8 + counts). RESULTS The full dose, 1/10th and 1/20th reduced doses of S19 vaccine was capable of eliciting pathogen-specific antibody response, vaccine induced secretion of IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ with CD4 + and CD8 + effector T cell responses. Persistence of antibody and magnitude of immune responses were found dose dependent. CONCLUSION Comparable immune responses were noticed with 1/10th reduced dose similar to standard dose. With this observation, decline of antibody titre will reduce the number of false positives and reduced dose of vaccine will facilitate larger vaccination coverage in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India.
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Intervet India Pvt. Ltd. MSD Animal Health, Briahanagar, Off Pune-Nagar Road, Wagholi, 412 207 Pune, India
| | - Amol Sahare
- Intervet India Pvt. Ltd. MSD Animal Health, Briahanagar, Off Pune-Nagar Road, Wagholi, 412 207 Pune, India
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Harish Heballi Niranjanamurthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560 064, India
| | - Jyoti Misri
- Division of Animal Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Habibar Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Block-C, First Floor, NASC Complex, CG Centre, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India
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10
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Karabasanavar N, Madhavaprasad C, Gopalakrishna S, Hiremath J, Patil G, Barbuddhe S. Prevalence of
Salmonella
serotypes
S
. Enteritidis and
S
. Typhimurium in poultry and poultry products. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagappa Karabasanavar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | | | - Shilpa Gopalakrishna
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology Veterinary College Shivamogga Karnataka India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR‐National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics Bengaluru Karnataka India
| | - Girish Patil
- ICAR‐National Research Center on Meat Hyderabad Telangana Sate India
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11
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Hiremath J, Renu S, Tabynov K, Renukaradhya GJ. Pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza virus infection in pigs is regulated by DAP12 and macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes. Cell Immunol 2020; 352:104078. [PMID: 32164997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We delineated the expression of DAP12 (DNAX-Activating Protein) and its associated receptors, TREM-1, TREM-2 and MDL-1 in pig alveolar monocyte/macrophages (AMM) that have attained M1 or M2 phenotypes. Pig AMM stimulated in vitro with IFN-γ and IL-4 induced the expression of M1 (TNFα and iNOS) and M2 (ARG1 and no MMR) phenotypic markers, respectively. In influenza virus infected pigs at seven days post-infection, in addition to substantial modulations in the M1 and M2 markers expression, DAP12, TREM-1 and MDL-1 were downregulated in AMM. Thus, DAP12 signaling promoted the anti-inflammatory pathway in AMM of influenza virus infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA; ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan and Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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12
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Kaul U, Verberk W, Suvarna V, Wander G, Vishwanathan M, Dani S, Hiremath J, Alegesan R, Vaidyanathan P, Natarajan S, Chandwani P, Punrnanad A, Nair T, Kapoor S, Kumar S, Arambam P. India Heart Study – IHS. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Subramanyam V, Hemadri D, Kashyap SP, Hiremath J, Barman NN, Ralte EL, Patil SS, Suresh KP, Rahaman H. Detection of torque teno sus virus infection in Indian pigs. Vet World 2019; 12:1467-1471. [PMID: 31749583 PMCID: PMC6813605 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1467-1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Torque teno viruses (TTVs) are circular, single-stranded DNA viruses, which infect a wide range of animals including livestock and companion animals. Swine TTVs (torque teno sus viruses [TTSuVs]) are thought to act as a primary or coinfecting pathogen in pathological conditions such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome and post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. So far, the presence of the virus has not been reported in India. Considering that TTSuVs have the potential to cross the species barrier into humans and that pork consumption is common in North-Eastern states of India, the current study aims to investigate the presence of TTSuV in the Indian pig population. Materials and Methods: A total of 416 samples were collected during 2014-2018, from both apparently healthy pigs and also from pigs suspected of having died from classical swine fever and/or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. These samples were screened for TTSuV infection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing techniques. Results: The presence of the virus was confirmed in 110 samples from 12 different states of India. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences obtained from the PCR products indicated the presence of viruses of both Iotatorquevirus and Kappatorquevirus genera in India. Conclusion: The study is the first report on the presence of TTSuVs in India and highlights the circulation of both genera of the virus in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinutha Subramanyam
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashidhara Phani Kashyap
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agriculture University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Esther Lalzoliani Ralte
- State Disease Investigation Laboratory, Directorate of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Sharanagouda S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kuralayanapalya P Suresh
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Habibur Rahaman
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Regional Representative for South Asia, International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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14
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Shome R, Kalleshamurthy T, Natesan K, Jayaprakash KR, Byrareddy K, Mohandoss N, Sahay S, Shome BR, Hiremath J, Rahman H, Barbuddhe SB. Serological and molecular analysis for brucellosis in selected swine herds from Southern India. J Infect Public Health 2018; 12:247-251. [PMID: 30448370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella suis. The study describes the occurrence of brucellosis in two organized piggeries in Southern India. METHODS A total of 585 serum samples comprising 575 from pigs and 10 from animal handlers were collected and tested by serological tests and PCR. Tissue samples were collected for isolation of the pathogen. RESULTS Out of 575 serum samples screened, 236 (41.04%) were positive for brucellosis by both Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA) and 47 (8.17) samples showed Brucella DNA amplification by genus specific PCR. The sows those aborted and 19 boars with orchitis were seropositive for brucellosis indicating association of clinical symptoms with brucellosis seropositivity. Two of 10 pig handlers were positive by RBPT and showed significant serum agglutination test (SAT) titres of >1:160 and 1:320. B. suis bvI was isolated and identified by biochemical tests and confirmed by amplification Brucella genus and Bruce ladder PCRs from vaginal and testicular samples. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of untested breeding boars in the farms might have resulted in the disease transmission and spread. The present study highlighted the diagnosis of B. suis bvI as a cause of abortions in the pigs and occupational exposure to farm personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
| | - Triveni Kalleshamurthy
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Krithiga Natesan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - K Rohit Jayaprakash
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Kavya Byrareddy
- Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Swati Sahay
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Bibek R Shome
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Ramagondanahalli, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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15
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Dhakal S, Hiremath J, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Shyu DL, Ouyang K, Kang KI, Binjawadagi B, Goodman J, Tabynov K, Krakowka S, Narasimhan B, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Biodegradable nanoparticle delivery of inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine provides heterologous cell-mediated immune response in pigs. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.147.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SwIV) causes considerable economic loss to pig industry, and some SwIV are zoonotic. This study was conducted to evaluate the cross-protective efficacy of PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated SwIV vaccine in pigs. Killed SwIV H1N2 (δ lineage) antigens (KAg) were encapsulated in PLGA NPs of 200–300 nm (PLGA-KAg NPs), and influenza antibody-free pigs were prime-boost vaccinated intranasally as mist and challenged using a heterologous, virulent and zoonotic SwIV H1N1 (γ lineage). PLGA-KAg NPs induced maturation of pig macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro. In vaccinated pigs, PLGA-KAg NPs induced antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced the frequency of T-helper/memory cells and cytotoxic T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In virus challenged pigs, the PLGA-KAg NPs vaccine rescued virus induced clinical fever, reduced the gross lung pathology, reduced the virus load in the lung sections with complete clearance of the virus from the lungs of most of the pigs; but the nasal virus shedding was not reduced. Immunologically, at post-challenge day 6 in a recall response in PBMCs of PLGA KAg NPs vaccinated pigs, a significant increase in IFN-γ secreting T cells against both vaccine and challenge viruses were detected. However, humoral immune response in those pigs was not augmented. In conclusion, intranasal delivery of PLGA NPs based SwIV induced cross-protective response through specific cell-mediated response. Future studies are aimed at boosting the mucosal antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kathryn Bondra
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kang Ouyang
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kyung-il Kang
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Jonathan Goodman
- 2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Kairat Tabynov
- 3The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Kazakhstan
| | - Steven Krakowka
- 4The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- 2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, USA
| | - Chang Won Lee
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, USA
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16
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Elaish M, Ngunjiri JM, Ali A, Xia M, Ibrahim M, Jang H, Hiremath J, Dhakal S, Helmy YA, Jiang X, Renukaradhya GJ, Lee CW. Supplementation of inactivated influenza vaccine with norovirus P particle-M2e chimeric vaccine enhances protection against heterologous virus challenge in chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171174. [PMID: 28151964 PMCID: PMC5289506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current inactivated influenza vaccines provide satisfactory protection against homologous viruses but limited cross-protection against antigenically divergent strains. Consequently, there is a need to develop more broadly protective vaccines. The highly conserved extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2 (M2e) has shown promising results as one of the components of a universal influenza vaccine in different animal models. As an approach to overcome the limited, strain specific, protective efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), a combination of recombinant M2e expressed on the surface of norovirus P particle (M2eP) and IIV was tested in chickens. Co-immunization of birds with both vaccines did not affect the production of M2e-specific IgG antibodies compared to the group vaccinated with M2eP alone. However, the co-immunized birds developed significantly higher pre-challenge hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers against the homologous IIV antigen and heterologous challenge virus. These combined vaccine groups also had cross reactive antibody responses against different viruses (H5, H6, and H7 subtypes) compared to the IIV alone vaccinated group. Upon intranasal challenge with homologous and heterologous viruses, the combined vaccine groups showed greater reduction in viral shedding in tracheal swabs compared to those groups receiving IIV alone. Moreover, M2eP antisera from vaccinated birds were able to bind to the native M2 expressed on the surface of whole virus particles and infected cells, and inhibit virus replication in vitro. Our results support the potential benefit of supplementing IIV with M2eP, to expand the vaccine cross protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elaish
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - John M. Ngunjiri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hyesun Jang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xi Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Dhakal S, Goodman J, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Hiremath J, Shyu DL, Ouyang K, Kang KI, Krakowka S, Wannemuehler MJ, Won Lee C, Narasimhan B, Renukaradhya GJ. Polyanhydride nanovaccine against swine influenza virus in pigs. Vaccine 2017; 35:1124-1131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Dhakal S, Hiremath J, Bondra K, Lakshmanappa YS, Shyu DL, Ouyang K, Kang KI, Binjawadagi B, Goodman J, Tabynov K, Krakowka S, Narasimhan B, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Biodegradable nanoparticle delivery of inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine provides heterologous cell-mediated immune response in pigs. J Control Release 2017; 247:194-205. [PMID: 28057521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SwIV) is one of the important zoonotic pathogens. Current flu vaccines have failed to provide cross-protection against evolving viruses in the field. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable FDA approved polymer and widely used in drug and vaccine delivery. In this study, inactivated SwIV H1N2 antigens (KAg) encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA-KAg) were prepared, which were spherical in shape with 200 to 300nm diameter, and induced maturation of antigen presenting cells in vitro. Pigs vaccinated twice with PLGA-KAg via intranasal route showed increased antigen specific lymphocyte proliferation and enhanced the frequency of T-helper/memory and cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In PLGA-KAg vaccinated and heterologous SwIV H1N1 challenged pigs, clinical flu symptoms were absent, while the control pigs had fever for four days. Grossly and microscopically, reduced lung pathology and viral antigenic mass in the lung sections with clearance of infectious challenge virus in most of the PLGA-KAg vaccinated pig lung airways were observed. Immunologically, PLGA-KAg vaccine irrespective of not significantly boosting the mucosal antibody response, it augmented the frequency of IFN-γ secreting total T cells, T-helper and CTLs against both H1N2 and H1N1 SwIV. In summary, inactivated influenza virus delivered through PLGA-NPs reduced the clinical disease and induced cross-protective cell-mediated immune response in a pig model. Our data confirmed the utility of a pig model for intranasal particulate flu vaccine delivery platform to control flu in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kathryn Bondra
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kyung-Il Kang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan Goodman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kairat Tabynov
- The Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Zhambylskaya Oblast, Gvardeiskiy 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Steven Krakowka
- The Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Shivachandra S, Chanda M, Hiremath J, Yogisharadhya R, Mohanty N, Hemadri D. Molecular diagnostic approaches for haemorrhagic septicaemia[HS]: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5958/0974-0147.2017.00010.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Hiremath J, Kang KI, Xia M, Elaish M, Binjawadagi B, Ouyang K, Dhakal S, Arcos J, Torrelles JB, Jiang X, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Entrapment of H1N1 Influenza Virus Derived Conserved Peptides in PLGA Nanoparticles Enhances T Cell Response and Vaccine Efficacy in Pigs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151922. [PMID: 27093541 PMCID: PMC4836704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are believed to be one of the important sources of emerging human and swine influenza viruses (SwIV). Influenza virus conserved peptides have the potential to elicit cross-protective immune response, but without the help of potent adjuvant and delivery system they are poorly immunogenic. Biodegradable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle (PLGA-NP) based vaccine delivery system enhances cross-presentation of antigens by the professional antigen presenting cells. In this study, Norovirus P particle containing SwIV M2e (extracellular domain of the matrix protein 2) chimera and highly conserved two each of H1N1 peptides of pandemic 2009 and classical human influenza viruses were entrapped in PLGA-NPs. Influenza antibody-free pigs were vaccinated with PLGA-NPs peptides cocktail vaccine twice with or without an adjuvant, Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate, intranasally as mist. Vaccinated pigs were challenged with a virulent heterologous zoonotic SwIV H1N1, and one week later euthanized and the lung samples were analyzed for the specific immune response and viral load. Clinically, pigs vaccinated with PLGA-NP peptides vaccine had no fever and flu symptoms, and the replicating challenged SwIV was undetectable in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Immunologically, PLGA-NP peptides vaccination (without adjuvant) significantly increased the frequency of antigen-specific IFNγ secreting CD4 and CD8 T cells response in the lung lymphocytes, despite not boosting the antibody response both at pre- and post-challenge. In summary, our data indicated that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of conserved H1N1 influenza peptides induced the virus specific T cell response in the lungs and reduced the challenged heterologous virus load in the airways of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Kyung-il Kang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Ming Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Elaish
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Jesus Arcos
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - X. Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, United States of America, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States of America
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21
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Ouyang K, Hiremath J, Binjawadagi B, Shyu DL, Dhakal S, Arcos J, Schleappi R, Holman L, Roof M, Torrelles JB, Renukaradhya GJ. Comparative analysis of routes of immunization of a live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in a heterologous virus challenge study. Vet Res 2016; 47:45. [PMID: 26988085 PMCID: PMC4797253 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV), which infects primarily the respiratory tract of pigs. Thus intranasal (IN) delivery of a potent vaccine-adjuvant formulation is promising. In this study, PRRS-MLV (VR2332) was coadministered ± an adjuvant Mycobacterium vaccae whole cell lysate or CpG ODN through intramuscular (IM) or IN route as a mist, and challenged with a heterologous PRRSV 1-4-4 IN at 42 days post-vaccination (dpv). At 14 and 26 dpv, vaccine viral RNA copies were one log greater in the plasma of PRRS-MLV IM compared to IN vaccinated pigs, and the infectious replicating vaccine virus was detected only in the IM group. In PRRS-MLV ± adjuvant IM vaccinated pigs, reduced viral RNA load and absence of the replicating challenged virus was observed at 7, 10 and 14 days post-challenge (dpc). At 14 dpc, in BAL fluid ≥ 5 log viral RNA copies were detected in all the pig groups, but the replicating challenged virus was undetectable only in IM groups. Immunologically, virus neutralizing antibody titers in the plasma of IM (but not IN) vaccine groups was ≥ 8 against the vaccine and challenged viruses. At 26 dpv, PRRS-MLV IM (without adjuvant) received pigs had significantly increased population of CD4 and CD8 T cells in PBMC. At 14 dpc, relatively increased population of IFN-γ(+) total lymphocytes, NK, CD4, CD8 and γδ T cells were observed in the MLV-IM group. In conclusion, PRRS-MLV IM vaccination induced the virus specific T cell response in pigs, but still it is required to improve its cross-protective efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ouyang
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
- />College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Jesus Arcos
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Rose Schleappi
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
| | - Lynette Holman
- />Kalmbach Swine Management, L.L.C., Upper Sandusky, OH 43351 USA
| | - Michael Roof
- />Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc., Ames, IA USA
| | - Jordi B. Torrelles
- />Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gourapura J. Renukaradhya
- />Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691 USA
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22
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Dwivedi V, Manickam C, Dhakal S, Binjawadagi B, Ouyang K, Hiremath J, Khatri M, Hague JG, Lee CW, Renukaradhya GJ. Adjuvant effects of invariant NKT cell ligand potentiates the innate and adaptive immunity to an inactivated H1N1 swine influenza virus vaccine in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2016; 186:157-63. [PMID: 27016770 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pigs are considered as the source of some of the emerging human flu viruses. Inactivated swine influenza virus (SwIV) vaccine has been in use in the US swine herds, but it failed to control the flu outbreaks. The main reason has been attributed to lack of induction of strong local mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell is a unique T cell subset, and activation of iNKT cell using its ligand α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) has been shown to potentiate the cross-protective immunity to inactivated influenza virus vaccine candidates in mice. Recently, we discovered iNKT cell in pig and demonstrated its activation using α-GalCer. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of an inactivated H1N1 SwIV coadministered with α-GalCer intranasally against a homologous viral challenge. Our results demonstrated the potent adjuvant effects of α-GalCer in potentiating both innate and adaptive immune responses to SwIV Ags in the lungs of pigs, which resulted in reduction in the lung viral load by 3 logs compared to without adjuvant. Immunologically, in the lungs of pigs vaccinated with α-GalCer an increased virus specific IgA response, IFN-α secretion and NK cell-cytotoxicity was observed. In addition, iNKT cell-stimulation enhanced the secretion of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) and reduced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) in the lungs of pigs⋅ In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time iNKT cell adjuvant effects in pigs to SwIV Ags through augmenting the innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Dwivedi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahesh Khatri
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Chang Won Lee
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, United States.
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Ouyang K, Shyu DL, Dhakal S, Hiremath J, Binjawadagi B, Lakshmanappa YS, Guo R, Ransburgh R, Bondra KM, Gauger P, Zhang J, Specht T, Gilbertie A, Minton W, Fang Y, Renukaradhya GJ. Evaluation of humoral immune status in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infected sows under field conditions. Vet Res 2015; 46:140. [PMID: 26667229 PMCID: PMC4699368 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an economically devastating enteric disease in the swine industry. The virus infects pigs of all ages, but it cause severe clinical disease in neonatal suckling pigs with up to 100% mortality. Currently, available vaccines are not completely effective and feedback methods utilizing PEDV infected material has variable success in preventing reinfection. Comprehensive information on the levels and duration of effector/memory IgA and IgG antibody secreting B cell response in the intestines and lymphoid organs of PEDV-infected sows, and their association with specific antibody levels in clinical samples such as plasma, oral fluid, and feces is important. Therefore, our goal in this study was to quantify PEDV specific IgA and IgG B cell responses in sows at approximately 1 and 6 months post-infection in commercial swine herds, including parity one and higher sows. Our data indicated that evaluation of both PEDV specific IgA and IgG antibody levels in the plasma and oral fluid (but not feces) samples is beneficial in disease diagnosis. PEDV specific B cell response in the intestine and spleen of infected sows decline by 6 months, and this associates with specific antibody levels in the plasma and oral fluid samples; but the virus neutralization titers in plasma remains high beyond 6 months post-infection. In conclusion, in sows infected with PEDV the presence of effector/memory B cell response and strong virus neutralization titers in plasma up to 6 months post-infection, suggests their potential to protect sows from reinfection and provide maternal immunity to neonates, but challenge studies are required to confirm such responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ouyang
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Russell Ransburgh
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Bondra
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
| | - Phillip Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Terry Specht
- Four Star Veterinary Services, Chickasaw, OH, 45826, USA.
| | | | - William Minton
- Four Star Veterinary Services, Chickasaw, OH, 45826, USA.
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program (FAHRP), OARDC, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA.
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Gourapura R, Ouyang K, Woodiga S, Dwivedi V, Marion C, Singh A, Binjawadagi B, Hiremath J, Manickam C, Schleappi R, Khatri M, King S. Pretreatment of epithelial cells with live streptococcus pneumoniae had no detectable effect on influenza A virus replication in vitro (MPF1P.774). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.66.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are two major upper respiratory tract pathogens responsible for exacerbated disease in coinfected individuals. Information on the direct effect of S. pneumoniae on IAV replication in humans is unknown. Such an investigation is important because S. pneumoniae is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment of epithelial cells with S. pneumoniae affects IAV replication, determined with the help of a standard immunofluorescence assay (IFA). For this study, four IAV permissive epithelial cell lines including two human-derived cell lines, 12 pneumococcal strains including recent human clinical isolates which represent different genetic backgrounds and serotypes, and six IAV strains of varying genetic nature and pathogenic potential including the pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus were used. Our results suggested that pretreatment of MDCK cells with 7.5×10^6 colony-forming unit (CFU) of live S. pneumoniae resulted in gradual cell-death in a time-dependent manner (1/2 hr to 4 hr). However, pretreatment of cells with 7.5×10^5 and lower CFU of S. pneumoniae had no detectable effect on either the morphology of epithelial cells or on the IAV replication. However, the effect of pneumococci on IAV replication may be different during a coinfection in vivo in the human upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renukaradhya Gourapura
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Kang Ouyang
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Shireen Woodiga
- 2Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Carolyn Marion
- 2Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Anirudh Singh
- 2Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Rose Schleappi
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Mahesh Khatri
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and developmental Center, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Samantha King
- 2Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Hiremath J, Binjawadagi B, Ouyang K, Dhakal S, Manickam C, Dwivedi V, Gourapura R. TREM2 differential expression is associated with BAL cells that express high levels of ARG1 (VET2P.1044). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.207.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lung immunopathology is the major cause of influenza induced morbidity and mortality. DAP12 (DNAX-Activating Protein of 12kDa) is a membrane adaptor protein associated with varied surface receptors, and it is known to regulate influenza induced lung immunopathology. DAP12 associated receptor expression and their association with phenotype of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) cells during swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in pigs is unknown. Since pig is a suitable large animal model for influenza research, our aim was to understand the effects of zoonotic SIV H1N1 infection on expression of DAP12 associated MDL-1, TREM-1 and TREM-2 receptors in pig BAL cells through qRT-PCR profiling. Results indicated that DAP12, MDL-1 and TREM-1 were constitutively expressed, but TREM-2 was upregulated. Stimulation of uninfected pig BAL cells in vitro using the cytokines IFNgamma and IL4 revealed that upregulation of TREM-2 was associated with enhanced expression of ARG1, but not with high levels of expression of TNFalpha and iNOS. ARG1 is a phenotype of alternatively activated alveolar macrophages that are known to protect lung tissue; hence TREM2 upregulation in pig BAL cells with similar phenotype suggests the possible beneficial role of these molecules in preventing the lung immunopathology. In conclusion, DAP12 and associated receptors are differentially expressed in pig BAL cells and TREM2 appears to have a beneficial role in regulating the lung immunopathology in SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- 1FAHRP, OARDC, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State Univeristy, Wooster, OH
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- 1FAHRP, OARDC, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State Univeristy, Wooster, OH
| | - Kang Ouyang
- 1FAHRP, OARDC, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State Univeristy, Wooster, OH
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- 1FAHRP, OARDC, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State Univeristy, Wooster, OH
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- 1FAHRP, OARDC, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State Univeristy, Wooster, OH
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- 1FAHRP, OARDC, Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State Univeristy, Wooster, OH
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Gourapura R, Manickam C, Dwivedi V, Ouyang K, Binjawadagi B, Henn K, Crittenden P, Hiremath J, Khatri M. Natural killer T cell adjuvanted inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine enhanced the viral load and suppressed the host immune response to pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus in pigs (P6093). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.141.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Swine influenza virus (SIV) causes an acute respiratory disease in pigs, and pigs are infectable by both avian and mammalian influenza viruses. Activation of NKT cell induces heterologous protection against influenza viruses in rodent studies. We discovered CD1d-restricted NKT cell in pigs. Aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of UV-inactivated bivalent SIV vaccine, comprising of triple reassortant zoonotic H1N1 (Sw/OH/24366/07) and H3N2 (Sw/OH/04) viruses; coadministered intranasally with NKT cell adjuvants, phosphatidylinositolmannosides-2 (PIM2) and α-Galctosylceramide (α-GalCer). In vaccinated homologous H1N1 virus challenged pigs, reduced viral load in the lungs associated with increased IFN-γ+ lymphocytes in the lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes by ELISPOT, and an increase in IFN-γ+CD8+ and IFN-γ+ γδ T cells was observed. Further, increased virus specific IgA response in the BAL fluid and enhanced lung NK cell-cytotoxicity was detected. However, in vaccinated pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus challenged pigs, enhanced nasal viral shedding and lung viral load was detected. Immunologically, reduced frequency of total lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells, and reduced frequency of total IFN-γ+ T cells was detected in the lungs. In conclusion, NKT cell adjuvanted inactivated SIV vaccine in pigs enhanced the pandemic 2009 H1N1 replication and dampened the anti-viral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renukaradhya Gourapura
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Kang Ouyang
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Basavaraj Binjawadagi
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Kara Henn
- 2Department of Biology, College of Wooster, Wooster, OH
| | | | - Jagadish Hiremath
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Mahesh Khatri
- 1Food Animal Health Research Program, OARDC, and Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
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Devi P, Xavier D, Sigamani A, Pandey S, Thomas T, Murthy S, Sharma K, Bosco B, Mehta K, Joshi S, Gupta R, Singh G, Hiremath J, Ds C, Nambiar A, Pais P. Effect of fixed dose combinations of metoprolol and amlodipine in essential hypertension: MARS--a randomized controlled trial. Blood Press 2012; 2:5-12. [PMID: 22352120 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2011.617040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare two strengths of a fixed drug combination (FDC) containing metoprolol XL and amlodipine (metoprolol/amlodipine 50/5; and metoprolol/amlodipine 25/2.5) with its components in hypertension. METHODS We conducted this multicentre, randomized, open-label, trial in Indian patients with hypertension (140-180 mmHg/90-114 mmHg) in 11 centres from nine cities. Eligible patients (n = 402) were randomized into one of five treatment groups (metoprolol XL 50 mg + amlodipine 5 mg, metoprolol XL 25 mg + amlodipine 2.5 mg, metoprolol XL 50 mg, metoprolol XL 25 mg or amlodipine 5 mg) and treated for 8 weeks with five follow-up visits to record blood pressure (BP) and clinical status. RESULTS At baseline, treatment groups were well balanced; mean +/- SD BP was 154.87 +/- 11.91/96.63 +/- 6.97 mmHg. The greatest reduction in BP from baseline to 8 weeks was seen in the high-dose FDC group (23.61/14.91 mmHg; p<0.001). The remaining 4 groups too demonstrated a significant reduction (p< 0.001): low-dose FDC - 22.29/ - 14.66; metoprolol 50, - 23.17/ - 13.37; metoprolol 25,- 18.41/ 12.50 and amlodipine 5, - 23.01/- 13.08. BP reductions by FDCs, however, were not statistically superior to monotherapies. Responder rates (sitting diastolic BP< 90 mmHg or reduction > or =10 mmHg) were 93% in the high-dose FDC group and 97% in the low-dose FDC group, and control rates (sitting BP < 140/90 mmHg) were 66% and 58%, respectively. These rates were higher than that seen in individual components. There were no reports of serious adverse events related to study medications. One each from the low-dose FDC and metoprolol 25 mg group discontinued because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS FDCs of metoprolol and amlodipine are effective and safe in mild to moderate hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Devi
- Department of Pharmacology, St John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
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Pahlajani DB, Shah DR, Hiremath J. Myocardial bridging of coronary artery in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Assoc Physicians India 1987; 35:312-5. [PMID: 3654536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Pahlajani DB, Hiremath J, Parikh BD. Left main coronary artery obstruction: clinical and angiographic study. Indian Heart J 1986; 38:64-6. [PMID: 3744410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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