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Herron CL, Ruse NE, Rockey DD, Sanders JL, Peterson JT, Schreck CB, Kent ML. Aeromonas salmonicida, causative agent of salmonid furunculosis, isolated from the freshwater parasitic copepod, Salmincola californiensis. J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13885. [PMID: 37947250 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we provide evidence that the freshwater parasitic copepod, Salmincola californiensis, acts as a vector for Aeromonas salmonicida. While investigating the effects of S. californiensis on Chinoook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we tangentially observed that fish infected with the copepod developed furunculosis, caused by A. salmonicida. This occurred despite being reared in pathogen-free well water in a research facility with no prior history of spontaneous infection. We further investigated the possibility of S. californiensis to serve as a vector for the bacterium via detection of fluorescently labelled A. salmonicida inside the egg sacs from copepods in which the fish hosts were experimentally infected with GFP-A449 A. salmonicida. We then evaluated copepod egg sacs that were collected from adult Chinook salmon from a freshwater hatchery with A. salmonicida infections confirmed by either culture or PCR. The bacterium was cultured on tryptic soy agar plates from 75% of the egg sacs, and 61% were positive by PCR. These three separate experiments indicate an alternative tactic of transmission in addition to direct transmission of A. salmonicida in captivity. The copepod may play an important role in transmission of the bacterium when fish are more dispersed, such as in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Herron
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Natassia E Ruse
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- VCA Rock Creek Animal Hospital, Aloha, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel D Rockey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Justin L Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carl B Schreck
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Nervino S, Polley T, Peterson JT, Schreck CB, Kent ML, Alexander JD. Intestinal lesions and parasites associated with senescence and prespawn mortality in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). J Fish Dis 2024; 47:e13876. [PMID: 37888803 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Prespawn mortality (PSM) presents a major problem for the recovery of spring Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations. In the Willamette River, Oregon, PSM exceeds 90% in some years but factors explaining it are not well understood. We examined intestinal tissue samples using histological slides from over 783 spring Chinook Salmon collected between 2009 and 2021, which included tissues from PSM fish, artificially spawned captive broodstock (BS) and normal river run fish, comprised of trapped (Live) and naturally post-spawned river (RPS) fish collected from the river. We observed degeneration of the intestinal epithelium and loss of villous structure, with concurrent severe enteritis. A natural progression of decline in epithelial integrity (EI) through the summer and fall until spawning and subsequent death was also observed. Live fish exhibited high EI scores (mean = 68%), BS exhibited variable EI scores (35%) and RPS exhibited severe loss of EI (14%). PSM fish exhibited prominent loss of intestinal epithelium with EI scores (13%), very similar to RPS fish, despite having been collected earlier in the year. Hence, we argue that low EI scores are strongly linked with PSM. Ceratonova shasta and Enterocytozoon schreckii were common in all groups, but neither were linked to either PSM or a decline in EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nervino
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Tamsen Polley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carl B Schreck
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Julie D Alexander
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Alves CAPF, Zandifar A, Peterson JT, Tara SZ, Ganetzky R, Viaene AN, Andronikou S, Falk MJ, Vossough A, Goldstein AC. MELAS: Phenotype Classification into Classic-versus-Atypical Presentations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:602-610. [PMID: 37024306 PMCID: PMC10171385 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An increased number of pathogenic variants have been described in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS). Different imaging presentations have emerged in parallel with a growing recognition of clinical and outcome variability, which pose a diagnostic challenge to neurologists and radiologists and may impact an individual patient's response to therapeutic interventions. By evaluating clinical, neuroimaging, laboratory, and genetic findings, we sought to improve our understanding of the sources of potential phenotype variability in patients with MELAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective single-center study included individuals who had confirmed mitochondrial DNA pathogenic variants and a diagnosis of MELAS and whose data were reviewed from January 2000 through November 2021. The approach included a review of clinical, neuroimaging, laboratory, and genetic data, followed by an unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis looking for sources of phenotype variability in MELAS. Subsequently, experts identified "victory-variables" that best differentiated MELAS cohort clusters. RESULTS Thirty-five patients with a diagnosis of mitochondrial DNA-based MELAS (median age, 12 years; interquartile range, 7-24 years; 24 female) were eligible for this study. Fifty-three discrete variables were evaluated by an unsupervised cluster analysis, which revealed that two distinct phenotypes exist among patients with MELAS. After experts reviewed the variables, they selected 8 victory-variables with the greatest impact in determining the MELAS subgroups: developmental delay, sensorineural hearing loss, vision loss in the first strokelike episode, Leigh syndrome overlap, age at the first strokelike episode, cortical lesion size, regional brain distribution of lesions, and genetic groups. Ultimately, 2-step differentiating criteria were defined to classify atypical MELAS. CONCLUSIONS We identified 2 distinct patterns of MELAS: classic MELAS and atypical MELAS. Recognizing different patterns in MELAS presentations will enable clinical and research care teams to better understand the natural history and prognosis of MELAS and identify the best candidates for specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A P F Alves
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.Z., S.A., A.V.), Department of Radiology
| | - A Zandifar
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.Z., S.A., A.V.), Department of Radiology
| | - J T Peterson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (J.T.P., S.Z.T., R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | - S Z Tara
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (J.T.P., S.Z.T., R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
| | - R Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (J.T.P., S.Z.T., R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.)
| | - A N Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.N.V.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.N.V.)
| | - S Andronikou
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.Z., S.A., A.V.), Department of Radiology
- Radiology (S.A., A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - M J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (J.T.P., S.Z.T., R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.)
| | - A Vossough
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (C.A.P.F.A., A.Z., S.A., A.V.), Department of Radiology
- Radiology (S.A., A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - A C Goldstein
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (J.T.P., S.Z.T., R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics
- Departments of Pediatrics (R.G., M.J.F., A.C.G.)
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Steen VA, Duarte A, Peterson JT. An evaluation of multistate occupancy models for estimating relative abundance and population trends. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Couch CE, Neal WT, Herron CL, Kent ML, Schreck CB, Peterson JT. Gut microbiome composition associates with corticosteroid treatment, morbidity, and senescence in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Sci Rep 2023; 13:2567. [PMID: 36782001 PMCID: PMC9925776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pacific salmon experience prolonged elevation in corticosteroid hormones during important life history events including migration, reproduction, and senescence. These periods of elevated corticosteroids correspond with changes to immunity and energy metabolism; therefore, fish may be particularly vulnerable to mortality at these times. Recent studies found that stress-induced cortisol release associated with microbial community shifts in salmonids, raising the question of how longer-term corticosteroid dynamics that accompany life history transitions affect salmonid microbiomes. In this work, we experimentally evaluated the relationships between gut microbiome composition, chronically elevated corticosteroids, and mortality in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We found that treatment with slow-release implants of the corticosteroids cortisol or dexamethasone resulted in changes to the gut microbiome. Morbidity was also associated with microbiome composition, suggesting that the gut microbiome reflects individual differences in susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, we analyzed a small number of samples from adult fish at various stages of senescence. Results from these samples suggest that microbiome composition associated with gut integrity, and that the microbial communities of corticosteroid treated juveniles shift in composition toward those of senescent adults. Overall, findings from this work indicate that the gut microbiome correlates with mortality risk during periods of chronic corticosteroid elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Couch
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - William T Neal
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Crystal L Herron
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Carl B Schreck
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Wohner PJ, Scheerer PD, Meeuwig MH, Peterson JT. A comprehensive multi-state conditional occupancy model for evaluating interactions of non-native and native species. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1014707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in ecology is disentangling interactions of non-native, potentially invasive species on native species. Conditional two-species occupancy models examine the effects of dominant species (e.g., non-native) on subordinate species (e.g., native) while considering the possibility that occupancy of one species may affect occupancy and/ or detection of the other. Although conditional two-species models are useful for evaluating the influence of one species on presence of another, it is possible that species interactions are density dependent. Therefore, we developed a novel two-species occupancy model that incorporates multiple abundance states (i.e., absent, present, abundant) of the native species. We showcase the utility of this model with a case study that incorporates random effects and covariates on both occupancy and detection to help disentangle species interactions given varying occupancy and detection in different abundance states. We use snorkel survey data from the Umpqua basin, Oregon, where it is hypothesized that smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, a non-native piscivore, exclude Umpqua chub Oregonichthys kalawatseti, a small endemic minnow. From our two-species multi-state (2SMS) model, we concluded that average occupancy was low for both fishes, and that when non-native bass were present, overall native chub occupancy in the present (0.18 ± 0.05 SD) and abundant (0.19 ± 0.03) states was higher than when non-natives were absent (0.14 ± 0.02/ 0.08 ± 0.02), indicating the non-native was not excluding the native species. By incorporating a species interaction factor, we found a positive association (6.75 ± 5.54 SD) between native chub and non-native bass. The covariates strongly related to occupancy were elevation, algae, and land cover type (urban and shrub). Detection probability for both species (0.21–0.82) was most strongly related to the covariates day of year, water temperature, gravel substrate, and stream order/ magnitude. Incorporation of detection probability and covariates enabled interpretation of interactions between the two species that may have been missed without their inclusion in the modeling process. Our new 2SMS occupancy model can be used by scientists and managers with a broad range of survey and covariate data to disentangle species interactions problems to help them inform management decisions.
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7
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Schuster CJ, Kent ML, Peterson JT, Sanders JL. MULTI-STATE OCCUPANCY MODEL ESTIMATES PROBABILITY OF DETECTION OF AN AQUATIC PARASITE USING ENVIRONMENTAL DNA: PSEUDOLOMA NEUROPHILIA IN ZEBRAFISH AQUARIA. J Parasitol 2022; 108:527-538. [PMID: 36326809 PMCID: PMC9811945 DOI: 10.1645/22-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the presence of important parasites within a host and its environment is critical to understanding the dynamics that influence a pathogen's ability to persist, while accurate detection is also essential for the implementation of effective control strategies. Pseudoloma neurophilia is the most common pathogen reported in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research facilities. The only assays currently available for P. neurophilia are through lethal sampling, often requiring euthanasia of the entire population for accurate estimates of prevalence in small populations. We present a non-lethal screening method to detect P. neurophilia in tank water based on the detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) from this microsporidium, using a previously developed qPCR assay that was adapted to the digital PCR (dPCR) platform to complement current surveillance protocols. Using the generated dPCR data, a multi-state occupancy model was also implemented to predict the probability of detecting the microsporidium in tank water under different flow regimes and pathogen prevalence. The occupancy model revealed that samples collected in static conditions were more informative than samples collected from flow-through conditions, with a probability of detection at 80% and 47%, respectively. There was also a positive correlation between the frequency of detection in water and prevalence in fish based on qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin J Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, 1100 Johnson Lane, Eugene, Oregon 97403
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - James T Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Justin L Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, Oregon 97331
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Schuster CJ, Kreul TG, Al-Samarrie CE, Peterson JT, Sanders JL, Kent ML. Progression of infection and detection of Pseudoloma neurophilia in zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton by PCR and histology. J Fish Dis 2022; 45:1463-1475. [PMID: 35749556 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoloma neurophilia is a critical threat to the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model, as it is the most common infectious agent found in research facilities. In this study, our objectives were two-fold: (1) compare the application of diagnostic tools for P. neurophilia and (2) track the progression of infection using PCR and histology. The first experiment showed that whole-body analysis by qPCR (WB-qPCR) can be a standardized process, providing a streamlined diagnostic protocol, without the need for extraction of specific tissues. Evaluating the course of infection in experimentally infected fish, we showed key dynamics in infection. Starting with a low dose exposure of 8000 spores/fish, the prevalence remained low until 92 days post-exposure (dpe), followed by a 30%-40% prevalence by histology or 40%-90% by PCR until the end of the experiment at 334 dpe. WB-qPCR positively detected infection in more fish than histology throughout the study, as WB-qPCR detected the parasite as early as 4 dpe, whereas it was undetected by histology until 92 dpe. We also added a second slide for histologic analyses, showing an increase in detection rate from 24% to 26% when we combined all data from our experiments, but this increase was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin J Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Taylor G Kreul
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - James T Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin L Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Wohner PJ, Duarte A, Wikert J, Cavallo B, Zeug SC, Peterson JT. Integrating monitoring and optimization modeling to inform flow decisions for Chinook salmon smolts. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Wilcox NS, Prenner SB, Cevasco M, Condit C, Goldstein A, Peterson JT, Resta IT, Palmer M, Lal P, Owens AT, Pieretti J, Drivas TG, Reza N. End Stage Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy and Heart Transplantation Due to Biallelic Pathogenic C1QBP Variants. Circ Genom Precis Med 2022; 15:e003559. [PMID: 35119291 PMCID: PMC9085452 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Wilcox
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Stuart B. Prenner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Marisa Cevasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Courtney Condit
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - James T. Peterson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Isabella Tondi Resta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Priti Lal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anjali Tiku Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Janice Pieretti
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore G. Drivas
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Nosheen Reza
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Wang J, Balciuniene J, Diaz-Miranda MA, McCormick EM, Aref-Eshghi E, Muir AM, Cao K, Troiani J, Moseley A, Fan Z, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Goldstein A, Ganetzky RD, Muraresku CC, Peterson JT, Spinner NB, Wallace DC, Dulik MC, Falk MJ. Advanced approach for comprehensive mtDNA genome testing in mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Metab 2022; 135:93-101. [PMID: 34969639 PMCID: PMC8877466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease diagnosis requires interrogation of both nuclear and mitochondrial (mtDNA) genomes for single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number alterations, both in the proband and often maternal relatives, together with careful phenotype correlation. We developed a comprehensive mtDNA sequencing test ('MitoGenome') using long-range PCR (LR-PCR) to amplify the full length of the mtDNA genome followed by next generation sequencing (NGS) to accurately detect SNVs and large-scale mtDNA deletions (LSMD), combined with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for LSMD heteroplasmy quantification. Overall, MitoGenome tests were performed on 428 samples from 394 patients with suspected or confirmed mitochondrial disease. The positive yield was 11% (43/394), including 34 patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNVs (the most common being m.3243A > G in 8/34 (24%) patients), 8 patients with single LSMD, and 3 patients with multiple LSMD exceeding 10% heteroplasmy levels. Two patients with both LSMD and pathogenic SNV were detected. Overall, this LR-PCR/NGS assay provides a highly accurate and comprehensive diagnostic method for simultaneous mtDNA SNV detection at heteroplasmy levels as low as 1% and LSMD detection at heteroplasmy levels below 10%. Inclusion of maternal samples for variant classification and ddPCR to quantify LSMD heteroplasmy levels further enables accurate pathogenicity assessment and clinical correlation interpretation of mtDNA genome sequence variants and copy number alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorune Balciuniene
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Alejandra Diaz-Miranda
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McCormick
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erfan Aref-Eshghi
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison M Muir
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kajia Cao
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliana Troiani
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alicia Moseley
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhiqian Fan
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Ganetzky
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen C Muraresku
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C Dulik
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marni J Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Duarte A, Peterson JT. Space-for-time is not necessarily a substitution when monitoring the distribution of pelagic fishes in the San Francisco Bay-Delta. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16727-16744. [PMID: 34938469 PMCID: PMC8668746 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupancy models are often used to analyze long-term monitoring data to better understand how and why species redistribute across dynamic landscapes while accounting for incomplete capture. However, this approach requires replicate detection/non-detection data at a sample unit and many long-term monitoring programs lack temporal replicate surveys. In such cases, it has been suggested that surveying subunits within a larger sample unit may be an efficient substitution (i.e., space-for-time substitution). Still, the efficacy of fitting occupancy models using a space-for-time substitution has not been fully explored and is likely context dependent. Herein, we fit occupancy models to Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) and Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) catch data collected by two different monitoring programs that use the same sampling gear in the San Francisco Bay-Delta, USA. We demonstrate how our inferences concerning the distribution of these species changes when using a space-for-time substitution. Specifically, we found the probability that a sample unit was occupied was much greater when using a space-for-time substitution, presumably due to the change in the spatial scale of our inferences. Furthermore, we observed that as the spatial scale of our inferences increased, our ability to detect environmental effects on system dynamics was obscured, which we suspect is related to the tradeoffs associated with spatial grain and extent. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of considering how the unique characteristics of monitoring programs influences inferences, which has broad implications for how to appropriately leverage existing long-term monitoring data to understand the distribution of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Duarte
- Pacific Northwest Research StationU.S.D.A. Forest ServiceOlympiaWashingtonUSA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - James T. Peterson
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation SciencesU.S. Geological SurveyOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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Peterson JT, Zareba AM, Fitz-Patrick D, Essink BJ, Scott DA, Swanson KA, Chelani D, Radley D, Cooper D, Jansen KU, Dormitzer PR, Gruber WC, Gurtman A. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccine When Co-Administered With a Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:2077-2086. [PMID: 34637519 PMCID: PMC9200146 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in infants is an unmet vaccine need, and maternal immunization is a potential strategy to address this need. This study evaluated concomitant administration of RSV stabilized prefusion F subunit vaccine (RSVpreF) and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed (Tdap) in healthy, nonpregnant women 18‒49 years of age. Methods In this phase 2b, multicenter, placebo-controlled, observer-blind, noninferiority study, participants were randomized to receive RSVpreF in a range of doses and formulations with Tdap or alone, or Tdap alone. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed. Results Local reactions and systemic events were generally similar across vaccine groups. Noninferiority of anti-RSV-A and anti-RSV-B immune responses induced by RSVpreF with Tdap was demonstrated compared to RSVpreF alone. Noninferiority of anti-diphtheria toxoid and anti-tetanus toxoid immune responses after administration of RSVpreF with Tdap was demonstrated compared to Tdap alone; noninferiority was not met for anti-pertussis component responses. Conclusions RSVpreF was safe and well tolerated when administered with Tdap or alone in nonpregnant women 18‒49 years of age. Immune responses induced by Tdap administered with RSVpreF were noninferior for the tetanus and diphtheria components of Tdap, but not for pertussis. Clinical Trials Registration NCT04071158.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Peterson
- J. Lewis Research, Inc./Foothill Family Clinic, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel A Scott
- Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Collegeville, USA
| | - Kena A Swanson
- Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, USA
| | - Dhawal Chelani
- Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Honey Lane, Hurley, UK
| | - David Radley
- Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, USA
| | - David Cooper
- Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, USA
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Wiessner M, Maroofian R, Ni MY, Pedroni A, Müller JS, Stucka R, Beetz C, Efthymiou S, Santorelli FM, Alfares AA, Zhu C, Uhrova Meszarosova A, Alehabib E, Bakhtiari S, Janecke AR, Otero MG, Chen JYH, Peterson JT, Strom TM, De Jonghe P, Deconinck T, De Ridder W, De Winter J, Pasquariello R, Ricca I, Alfadhel M, van de Warrenburg BP, Portier R, Bergmann C, Ghasemi Firouzabadi S, Jin SC, Bilguvar K, Hamed S, Abdelhameed M, Haridy NA, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Anwar N, Carmichael J, Pagnamenta AT, Wood NW, Tran Mau-Them F, Haack T, Di Rocco M, Ceccherini I, Iacomino M, Zara F, Salpietro V, Scala M, Rusmini M, Xu Y, Wang Y, Suzuki Y, Koh K, Nan H, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Lambert L, Schmitt E, Lacaze E, Küpper H, Dredge D, Skraban C, Goldstein A, Willis MJH, Grand K, Graham JM, Lewis RA, Millan F, Duman Ö, Olgac Dundar N, Uyanik G, Schöls L, Nürnberg P, Nürnberg G, Català-Bordes A, Seeman P, Kuchar M, Darvish H, Rebelo A, Bouçanova F, Medard JJ, Chrast R, Auer-Grumbach M, Alkuraya FS, Shamseldin H, Al Tala S, Rezazadeh Varaghchi J, Najafi M, Deschner S, Gläser D, Hüttel W, Kruer MC, Kamsteeg EJ, Takiyama Y, Züchner S, Baets J, Synofzik M, Schüle R, Horvath R, Houlden H, Bartesaghi L, Lee HJ, Ampatzis K, Pierson TM, Senderek J. Erratum to: Biallelic variants in HPDL cause pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2021; 144:e70. [PMID: 34480796 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Neal T, Kent ML, Sanders J, Schreck CB, Peterson JT. Laboratory infection rates and associated mortality of juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from parasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis). J Fish Dis 2021; 44:1423-1434. [PMID: 34053103 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) rearing in lakes and reservoirs above dams have been known to become heavily infected with an ectoparasitic copepod (Salmincola californiensis). Little is known about the factors that affect the parasite infection prevalence and intensity. However, previous research suggests that the parasite may negatively affect the fitness and survival of the host fish. The effect of water temperature, confinement and the density of the free-swimming infectious stage of S. californiensis, the copepodid, on infection prevalence and intensity was evaluated by experimentally exposing juvenile Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha). Infection rates observed in wild populations were achieved under warm water (15-16°C) and high copepodid density (150-300/L) treatment conditions. Infection prevalence and intensity were also significantly higher in larger fish. During the infection experiment, 4.5% of infected fish died within 54 days with mortality significantly related to copepod infection intensity. The potential for autoinfection was compared to cross-infection by cohabitation of infected fish with naïve fish. Previously infected fish had significantly greater infection intensity compared with naïve fish, indicating that infected fish can be reinfected and that they may be more susceptible than naïve fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Neal
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Carl B Schreck
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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16
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Wiessner M, Maroofian R, Ni MY, Pedroni A, Müller JS, Stucka R, Beetz C, Efthymiou S, Santorelli FM, Alfares AA, Zhu C, Uhrova Meszarosova A, Alehabib E, Bakhtiari S, Janecke AR, Otero MG, Chen JYH, Peterson JT, Strom TM, De Jonghe P, Deconinck T, De Ridder W, De Winter J, Pasquariello R, Ricca I, Alfadhel M, van de Warrenburg BP, Portier R, Bergmann C, Ghasemi Firouzabadi S, Jin SC, Bilguvar K, Hamed S, Abdelhameed M, Haridy NA, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Anwar N, Carmichael J, Pagnamenta A, Wood NW, Tran Mau-Them F, Haack T, Di Rocco M, Ceccherini I, Iacomino M, Zara F, Salpietro V, Scala M, Rusmini M, Xu Y, Wang Y, Suzuki Y, Koh K, Nan H, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Lambert L, Schmitt E, Lacaze E, Küpper H, Dredge D, Skraban C, Goldstein A, Willis MJH, Grand K, Graham JM, Lewis RA, Millan F, Duman Ö, Dündar N, Uyanik G, Schöls L, Nürnberg P, Nürnberg G, Catala Bordes A, Seeman P, Kuchar M, Darvish H, Rebelo A, Bouçanova F, Medard JJ, Chrast R, Auer-Grumbach M, Alkuraya FS, Shamseldin H, Al Tala S, Rezazadeh Varaghchi J, Najafi M, Deschner S, Gläser D, Hüttel W, Kruer MC, Kamsteeg EJ, Takiyama Y, Züchner S, Baets J, Synofzik M, Schüle R, Horvath R, Houlden H, Bartesaghi L, Lee HJ, Ampatzis K, Pierson TM, Senderek J. Biallelic variants in HPDL cause pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2021; 144:1422-1434. [PMID: 33970200 PMCID: PMC8219359 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like (HPDL) is a putative iron-containing non-heme oxygenase of unknown specificity and biological significance. We report 25 families containing 34 individuals with neurological disease associated with biallelic HPDL variants. Phenotypes ranged from juvenile-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia to infantile-onset spasticity and global developmental delays, sometimes complicated by episodes of neurological and respiratory decompensation. Variants included bona fide pathogenic truncating changes, although most were missense substitutions. Functionality of variants could not be determined directly as the enzymatic specificity of HPDL is unknown; however, when HPDL missense substitutions were introduced into 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, an HPDL orthologue), they impaired the ability of HPPD to convert 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate. Moreover, three additional sets of experiments provided evidence for a role of HPDL in the nervous system and further supported its link to neurological disease: (i) HPDL was expressed in the nervous system and expression increased during neural differentiation; (ii) knockdown of zebrafish hpdl led to abnormal motor behaviour, replicating aspects of the human disease; and (iii) HPDL localized to mitochondria, consistent with mitochondrial disease that is often associated with neurological manifestations. Our findings suggest that biallelic HPDL variants cause a syndrome varying from juvenile-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia to infantile-onset spastic tetraplegia associated with global developmental delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Wiessner
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meng-Yuan Ni
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Pedroni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juliane S Müller
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rolf Stucka
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ahmed A Alfares
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Uhrova Meszarosova
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elham Alehabib
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital and University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, USA
| | - Andreas R Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Gabriela Otero
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - James T Peterson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität Mänchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Tine Deconinck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Willem De Ridder
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jonathan De Winter
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Ivana Ricca
- Molecular Medicine Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Portier
- Polikliniek Neurologie Enschede, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Medizinische Genetik Mainz, Limbach Genetics, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Sherifa Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdelhameed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nourelhoda A Haridy
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shazia Maqbool
- Development and Behavioural Paediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and The Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Development and Behavioural Paediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and The Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Najwa Anwar
- Development and Behavioural Paediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and The Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jenny Carmichael
- Oxford Regional Clinical Genetics Service, Northampton General Hospital, Northampton, UK
| | - Alistair Pagnamenta
- NIHR Oxford BRC, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick W Wood
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- Unité Fonctionnelle 6254 d'Innovation en Diagnostique Génomique des Maladies Rares, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Maja Di Rocco
- Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Iacomino
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marta Rusmini
- Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Laëtitia Lambert
- Department of Clinical Genetics, CHRU Nancy, UMR_S INSERM N-GERE 1256, Université de Lorraine - Faculté de Médecine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Elodie Lacaze
- Department of Medical Genetics, Le Havre Hospital, Le Havre, France
| | - Hanna Küpper
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Dredge
- Neurology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Cara Skraban
- Roberts Individualized Medical Genetics Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mary J H Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Özgür Duman
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nihal Dündar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Uyanik
- Center for Medical Genetics, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Cologne University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Catala Bordes
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Seeman
- DNA Laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Liberec Hospital, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Adriana Rebelo
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Filipa Bouçanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Jacques Medard
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Shamseldin
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Tala
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Unit, Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushayt, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maryam Najafi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dieter Gläser
- genetikum, Center for Human Genetics, Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hüttel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freibug, Germany
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital and University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, USA
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Bartesaghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hwei-Jen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
- Center for the Undiagnosed Patient, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Buchwald UK, Andrews CP, Ervin J, Peterson JT, Tamms GM, Krupa D, Ajiboye P, Roalfe L, Krick AL, Sterling TM, Wang M, Martin JC, Stek JE, Kohn MA, Folaranmi T, Abeygunawardana C, Hartzel J, Musey LK. Sequential administration of Prevnar 13™ and PNEUMOVAX™ 23 in healthy participants 50 years of age and older. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2678-2690. [PMID: 34019468 PMCID: PMC8475587 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1888621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In most countries worldwide, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been included in the infant immunization program, resulting in a significant reduction in the burden of pneumococcal disease in children and adults. Shifting serotype distribution due to the indirect effect of infant vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) may continue to increase the gap between 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and PCV13 serotype coverage for older adults in the coming years. This clinical study (V110-029; NCT02225587) evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of sequential administration of PCV13 followed approximately 8 weeks later, or approximately 26 weeks later, by PPSV23 in healthy adults ≥50 years of age. Both dosing intervals were generally well tolerated as measured by the nature, frequency, and intensity of reported adverse events (AEs) in both vaccination groups. Serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) measured 30 days following receipt of PPSV23 in either group and at Week 30 were generally comparable between the 2 groups for 6 serotypes unique to PPSV23 and 12 serotypes shared between PCV13 and PPSV23, regardless of the interval between receipt of PCV13 and PPSV23. In addition, administration of PPSV23 given either 8 weeks or 26 weeks following PCV13 did not negatively impact immune responses induced by PCV13. Furthermore, administration of PPSV23 given either 8 weeks or 26 weeks after PCV13 elicited serotype-specific OPA GMTs to serotypes unique to PPSV23, which could provide earlier protection against pneumococcal disease caused by these serotypes in comparison with the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended interval of at least 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Ervin
- Alliance for Multispecialty Research, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Peterson JT, Duarte A. Decision analysis for greater insights into the development and evaluation of Chinook salmon restoration strategies in California's Central Valley. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis Oregon 97331 U.S.A
| | - Adam Duarte
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis Oregon 97331 U.S.A
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Whitlock SL, Lewis TM, Peterson JT. Using a Bayesian Multistate Occupancy Model to Assess Seabird and Shorebird Status in Glacier Bay, Alaska. WILDLIFE SOC B 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Whitlock
- Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Tania M. Lewis
- National Park Service, Glacier Bay National Park P.0. Box 140 Gustavus AK 99826 USA
| | - James T. Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
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Whitlock SL, Womble JN, Peterson JT. Modelling pinniped abundance and distribution by combining counts at terrestrial sites and in-water sightings. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Rowe JC, Duarte A, Pearl CA, McCreary B, Galvan SK, Peterson JT, Adams MJ. Disentangling effects of invasive species and habitat while accounting for observer error in a long‐term amphibian study. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Rowe
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Adam Duarte
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Christopher A. Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Brome McCreary
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Stephanie K. Galvan
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - James T. Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University 104 Nash Hall Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Michael J. Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
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22
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Stacey HL, Rosen J, Peterson JT, Williams-Diaz A, Gakhar V, Sterling TM, Acosta CJ, Nolan KM, Li J, Pedley A, Benner P, Abeygunawardana C, Kosinski M, Smith WJ, Pujar H, Musey LK. Safety and immunogenicity of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-15) compared to PCV-13 in healthy older adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:530-539. [PMID: 30648919 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1532249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal disease remains a public health priority in adults. Safety and immunogenicity of 2 different formulations of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) containing 13 serotypes included in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) plus 2 additional serotypes (22F and 33F) were evaluated in adults ≥ 50 years (V114-006; NCT02547649). METHODS A total of 690 subjects (230/arm) received a single dose of either PCV15 Formulation A, PCV15 Formulation B, or PCV13 and were followed for safety for 14 days postvaccination. Serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were measured immediately prior and 30 days postvaccination. RESULTS Both PCV15 formulations had generally comparable safety profiles to PCV13. Baseline IgG GMCs and OPA GMTs were comparable across vaccination groups. At 30 days postvaccination, both PCV15 formulations induced serotype specific antibodies to all 15 serotypes in the vaccine. IgG GMCs and OPA GMTs in recipients of either PCV15 formulation were non-inferior (≤ 2-fold margin) to those measured in recipients of PCV13 for shared serotypes and superior (> 1.0-fold difference) for serotypes unique to PCV15. Formulation B generally induced higher immune responses than Formulation A. CONCLUSION In healthy adults ≥ 50 years of age, both new formulations of PCV15 displayed acceptable safety profiles and induced serotype-specific immune responses comparable to PCV13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Stacey
- a Diablo Clinical Research, Inc , Walnut Creek , CA , USA
| | - Jeffrey Rosen
- b Clinical Research of South Florida , Coral Gables , FL , USA
| | - James T Peterson
- c J. Lewis Research, Inc./Foothill Family Clinic , Salt Lake City , USA
| | | | - Vanita Gakhar
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Tina M Sterling
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Camilo J Acosta
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Katrina M Nolan
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Jianing Li
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Alison Pedley
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Patrice Benner
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | | | - Michael Kosinski
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - William J Smith
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Hari Pujar
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Luwy K Musey
- d Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
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Peterson JT, Stacey HL, MacNair JE, Li J, Hartzel JS, Sterling TM, Benner P, Tamms GM, Musey LK. Safety and immunogenicity of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults ≥65 years of age previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:540-548. [PMID: 30427749 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1532250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumococcal disease remains a public health priority in adults. Previous studies have suggested that administration of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine or pneumococcal conjugate vaccine within three years following receipt of PPV23 was associated with increased reactogenicity and reduced antibody titers in comparison to longer intervals. Safety and immunogenicity of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV15) was evaluated in adults ≥ 65 years of age with prior history of PPV23 vaccination (V114-007; NCT02573181). METHODS A total of 250 adults who received PPV23 at least 1 year prior to study entry received a single dose of either PCV15 or PCV13 (125/arm) and were followed for safety for 14 days postvaccination. Serotype-specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) were measured immediately prior and 30 days postvaccination. RESULTS Safety profiles were comparable between PCV15 and PCV13 recipients. Following vaccination, serotype-specific antibody responses for the 13 shared serotypes were generally comparable between recipients of PCV15 and PCV13 for IgG GMCs, OPA GMTs, and geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) and percentages of subjects with ≥ 4-fold-rise from baseline for both IgG and OPA. Recipients of PCV15 had numerically higher antibody responses than PCV13 for two serotypes unique to PCV15 (22F, 33F). CONCLUSION PCV15 was generally well tolerated and induced high levels of IgG and OPA antibodies to all 15 serotypes included in the vaccine when given as a single dose to adults ≥ 65 years of age previously vaccinated with PPV23.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John E MacNair
- c Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Jianing Li
- c Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Jonathan S Hartzel
- c Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Tina M Sterling
- c Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Patrice Benner
- c Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Gretchen M Tamms
- c Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
| | - Luwy K Musey
- c Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , Kenilworth , NJ , USA
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24
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Cecala KK, Maerz JC, Halstead BJ, Frisch JR, Gragson TL, Hepinstall‐Cymerman J, Leigh DS, Jackson CR, Peterson JT, Pringle CM. Multiple drivers, scales, and interactions influence southern Appalachian stream salamander occupancy. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen K. Cecala
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - John C. Maerz
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Brian J. Halstead
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Dixon Field Station Dixon California 95620 USA
| | - John R. Frisch
- Natural Resources Research Institute University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth Minnesota 55811 USA
| | - Ted L. Gragson
- Department of Anthropology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | | | - David S. Leigh
- Department of Geography University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - C. Rhett Jackson
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - James T. Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA
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25
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Duarte A, Pearl CA, Adams MJ, Peterson JT. A new parameterization for integrated population models to document amphibian reintroductions. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:1761-1775. [PMID: 28452415 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Managers are increasingly implementing reintroduction programs as part of a global effort to alleviate amphibian declines. Given uncertainty in factors affecting populations and a need to make recurring decisions to achieve objectives, adaptive management is a useful component of these efforts. A major impediment to the estimation of demographic rates often used to parameterize and refine decision-support models is that life-stage-specific monitoring data are frequently sparse for amphibians. We developed a new parameterization for integrated population models to match the ecology of amphibians and capitalize on relatively inexpensive monitoring data to document amphibian reintroductions. We evaluate the capability of this model by fitting it to Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) monitoring data collected from 2007 to 2014 following their reintroduction within the Klamath Basin, Oregon, USA. The number of egg masses encountered and the estimated adult and metamorph abundances generally increased following reintroduction. We found that survival probability from egg to metamorph ranged from 0.01 in 2008 to 0.09 in 2009 and was not related to minimum spring temperatures, metamorph survival probability ranged from 0.13 in 2010-2011 to 0.86 in 2012-2013 and was positively related to mean monthly temperatures (logit-scale slope = 2.37), adult survival probability was lower for founders (0.40) than individuals recruited after reintroduction (0.56), and the mean number of egg masses per adult female was 0.74. Our study is the first to test hypotheses concerning Oregon spotted frog egg-to-metamorph and metamorph-to-adult transition probabilities in the wild and document their response at multiple life stages following reintroduction. Furthermore, we provide an example to illustrate how the structure of our integrated population model serves as a useful foundation for amphibian decision-support models within adaptive management programs. The integration of multiple, but related, data sets has an advantage of being able to estimate complex ecological relationships across multiple life stages, offering a modeling framework that accommodates uncertainty, enforces parsimony, and ensures all model parameters can be confronted with monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Duarte
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Christopher A Pearl
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Michael J Adams
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Peterson
- Air Resources Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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27
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Peterson JT, Freeman MC. Integrating modeling, monitoring, and management to reduce critical uncertainties in water resource decision making. J Environ Manage 2016; 183:361-370. [PMID: 27012362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stream ecosystems provide multiple, valued services to society, including water supply, waste assimilation, recreation, and habitat for diverse and productive biological communities. Managers striving to sustain these services in the face of changing climate, land uses, and water demands need tools to assess the potential effectiveness of alternative management actions, and often, the resulting tradeoffs between competing objectives. Integrating predictive modeling with monitoring data in an adaptive management framework provides a process by which managers can reduce model uncertainties and thus improve the scientific bases for subsequent decisions. We demonstrate an integration of monitoring data with a dynamic, metapopulation model developed to assess effects of streamflow alteration on fish occupancy in a southeastern US stream system. Although not extensive (collected over three years at nine sites), the monitoring data allowed us to assess and update support for alternative population dynamic models using model probabilities and Bayes rule. We then use the updated model weights to estimate the effects of water withdrawal on stream fish communities and demonstrate how feedback in the form of monitoring data can be used to improve water resource decision making. We conclude that investment in more strategic monitoring, guided by a priori model predictions under alternative hypotheses and an adaptive sampling design, could substantially improve the information available to guide decision-making and management for ecosystem services from lotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Peterson
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | - Mary C Freeman
- US Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
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28
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Van Der Meeren O, Peterson JT, Dionne M, Beasley R, Ebeling PR, Ferguson M, Nissen MD, Rheault P, Simpson RW, De Ridder M, Crasta PD, Miller JM, Trofa AF. Prospective clinical trial of hepatitis B vaccination in adults with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2197-2203. [PMID: 27123743 PMCID: PMC4994745 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1164362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its complications. HBV vaccination is recommended for adults with diabetes in the United States and other countries. However, few studies have assessed safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in such patients. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in subjects with and without diabetes mellitus. Methods: Prospective, multi-country controlled study in 21 centers (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01627340). Four hundred and sixteen participants with Type-2 diabetes and 258 controls matched for age and body mass index (BMI) (2:1 ratio) received 3-doses of HBV vaccine (Engerix-B™, GSK Vaccines, Belgium) according to a 0, 1, 6 months schedule. Antibodies were measured against HBV surface antigen and expressed as seroprotection rates (anti-HBs ≥10mIU/mL) and geometric mean concentration (GMC). Results: The median age and BMI in patients with diabetes and controls (according-to-protocol cohort) were 54 y and 32.1 kg/m2, and 53 y and 30.8 kg/m2, respectively. Seroprotection rates (GMCs) one month post-dose-3 were 75.4% (147.6 mIU/mL) and 82.0% (384.2 mIU/mL) in patients with diabetes and controls, respectively. Age-stratified seroprotection rates for patients with diabetes were 88.5% (20–39 years), 81.2% (40–49 years), 83.2% (50–59 years), and 58.2% (≥60 years). The overall safety profile of hepatitis B vaccine was similar between groups. Conclusions: Hepatitis B vaccine is immunogenic in patients with diabetes and has a similar safety profile to vaccination in healthy controls. Because increasing age was generally associated with a reduction in seroprotection rates, hepatitis B vaccine should be administered as soon as possible after the diagnosis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Der Meeren
- a Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine , Monash University, and Eastern Health , Box Hill, Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Marc Dionne
- c Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Quebec , Canada
| | - Richard Beasley
- d Medical Research Institute of New Zealand , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- e Department of Medicine, School for Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences , Monash University , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Michael D Nissen
- g Queensland Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute , University of Queensland , Herston , Queensland , Australia.,h GSK Vaccines , Singapore
| | | | - Richard W Simpson
- j Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine , Monash University, and Eastern Health , Box Hill , Victoria , Australia
| | - Marc De Ridder
- a Eastern Clinical Research Unit, Department of Medicine , Monash University, and Eastern Health , Box Hill, Victoria , Australia.,k Faculté de Pharmacie , Université Libre de Bruxelles , Bruxelles , Belgium
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Dolan BP, Fisher KM, Colvin ME, Benda SE, Peterson JT, Kent ML, Schreck CB. Innate and adaptive immune responses in migrating spring-run adult chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 48:136-144. [PMID: 26581919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) migrate from salt water to freshwater streams to spawn. Immune responses in migrating adult salmon are thought to diminish in the run up to spawning, though the exact mechanisms for diminished immune responses remain unknown. Here we examine both adaptive and innate immune responses as well as pathogen burdens in migrating adult Chinook salmon in the Upper Willamette River basin. Messenger RNA transcripts encoding antibody heavy chain molecules slightly diminish as a function of time, but are still present even after fish have successfully spawned. In contrast, the innate anti-bacterial effector proteins present in fish plasma rapidly decrease as spawning approaches. Fish also were examined for the presence and severity of eight different pathogens in different organs. While pathogen burden tended to increase during the migration, no specific pathogen signature was associated with diminished immune responses. Transcript levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF beta were measured and did not change during the migration. These results suggest that loss of immune functions in adult migrating salmon are not due to pathogen infection or cytokine-mediated immune suppression, but is rather part of the life history of Chinook salmon likely induced by diminished energy reserves or hormonal changes which accompany spawning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 105 Magruder Hall, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Fisher
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Michael E Colvin
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Susan E Benda
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Michael L Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Carl B Schreck
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Homer MD, Peterson JT, Jennings CA. Evaluation of Three Aging Techniques and Back-Calculated Growth for Introduced Blue Catfish from Lake Oconee, Georgia. SOUTHEAST NAT 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/058.014.0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Stewart HA, Noakes DLG, Cogliati KM, Peterson JT, Iversen MH, Schreck CB. Salinity effects on plasma ion levels, cortisol, and osmolality in Chinook salmon following lethal sampling. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 192:38-43. [PMID: 26603557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies on hydromineral balance in fishes frequently employ measurements of electrolytes following euthanasia. We tested the effects of fresh- or salt-water euthanasia baths of tricaine mesylate (MS-222) on plasma magnesium (Mg(2+)) and sodium (Na(+)) ions, cortisol and osmolality in fish exposed to saltwater challenges, and the ion and steroid hormone fluctuations over time following euthanasia in juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Salinity of the euthanasia bath affected plasma Mg(2+) and Na(+) concentrations as well as osmolality, with higher concentrations in fish euthanized in saltwater. Time spent in the bath positively affected plasma Mg(2+) and osmolality, negatively affected cortisol, and had no effect on Na(+) concentrations. The difference of temporal trends in plasma Mg(2+) and Na(+) suggests that Mg(2+) may be more sensitive to physiological changes and responds more rapidly than Na(+). When electrolytes and cortisol are measured as endpoints after euthanasia, care needs to be taken relative to time after death and the salinity of the euthanasia bath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Stewart
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA.
| | - David L G Noakes
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA; Oregon Hatchery Research Center, 2418 East Fall Creek Road, Alsea, OR 97324, USA
| | - Karen M Cogliati
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA
| | - James T Peterson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA; U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA
| | - Martin H Iversen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, University of Nordland, 8049 Bodø, Norway
| | - Carl B Schreck
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA
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Colvin ME, Peterson JT, Kent ML, Schreck CB. Occupancy modeling for improved accuracy and understanding of pathogen prevalence and dynamics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116605. [PMID: 25738709 PMCID: PMC4349882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most pathogen detection tests are imperfect, with a sensitivity < 100%, thereby resulting in the potential for a false negative, where a pathogen is present but not detected. False negatives in a sample inflate the number of non-detections, negatively biasing estimates of pathogen prevalence. Histological examination of tissues as a diagnostic test can be advantageous as multiple pathogens can be examined and providing important information on associated pathological changes to the host. However, it is usually less sensitive than molecular or microbiological tests for specific pathogens. Our study objectives were to 1) develop a hierarchical occupancy model to examine pathogen prevalence in spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and their distribution among host tissues 2) use the model to estimate pathogen-specific test sensitivities and infection rates, and 3) illustrate the effect of using replicate within host sampling on sample sizes required to detect a pathogen. We examined histological sections of replicate tissue samples from spring Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha collected after spawning for common pathogens seen in this population: Apophallus/echinostome metacercariae, Parvicapsula minibicornis, Nanophyetus salmincola/ metacercariae, and Renibacterium salmoninarum. A hierarchical occupancy model was developed to estimate pathogen and tissue-specific test sensitivities and unbiased estimation of host- and organ-level infection rates. Model estimated sensitivities and host- and organ-level infections rates varied among pathogens and model estimated infection rate was higher than prevalence unadjusted for test sensitivity, confirming that prevalence unadjusted for test sensitivity was negatively biased. The modeling approach provided an analytical approach for using hierarchically structured pathogen detection data from lower sensitivity diagnostic tests, such as histology, to obtain unbiased pathogen prevalence estimates with associated uncertainties. Accounting for test sensitivity using within host replicate samples also required fewer individual fish to be sampled. This approach is useful for evaluating pathogen or microbe community dynamics when test sensitivity is <100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Colvin
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States of America
| | - James T. Peterson
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey-Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States of America
| | - Carl B. Schreck
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, U.S. Geological Survey-Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, United States of America
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Anderson GB, Freeman MC, Freeman BJ, Straight CA, Hagler MM, Peterson JT. Dealing with uncertainty when assessing fish passage through culvert road crossings. Environ Manage 2012; 50:462-477. [PMID: 22744156 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the passage of aquatic organisms through culvert road crossings has become increasingly common in efforts to restore stream habitat. Several federal and state agencies and local stakeholders have adopted assessment approaches based on literature-derived criteria for culvert impassability. However, criteria differ and are typically specific to larger-bodied fishes. In an analysis to prioritize culverts for remediation to benefit imperiled, small-bodied fishes in the Upper Coosa River system in the southeastern United States, we assessed the sensitivity of prioritization to the use of differing but plausible criteria for culvert impassability. Using measurements at 256 road crossings, we assessed culvert impassability using four alternative criteria sets represented in Bayesian belief networks. Two criteria sets scored culverts as either passable or impassable based on alternative thresholds of culvert characteristics (outlet elevation, baseflow water velocity). Two additional criteria sets incorporated uncertainty concerning ability of small-bodied fishes to pass through culverts and estimated a probability of culvert impassability. To prioritize culverts for remediation, we combined estimated culvert impassability with culvert position in the stream network relative to other barriers to compute prospective gain in connected stream habitat for the target fish species. Although four culverts ranked highly for remediation regardless of which criteria were used to assess impassability, other culverts differed widely in priority depending on criteria. Our results emphasize the value of explicitly incorporating uncertainty into criteria underlying remediation decisions. Comparing outcomes among alternative, plausible criteria may also help to identify research most needed to narrow management uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B Anderson
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Peterson JT, Wisniewski JM, Shea CP, Jackson CR. Estimation of mussel population response to hydrologic alteration in a southeastern U.S. stream. Environ Manage 2011; 48:109-122. [PMID: 21562852 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The southeastern United States has experienced severe, recurrent drought, rapid human population growth, and increasing agricultural irrigation during recent decades, resulting in greater demand for the water resources. During the same time period, freshwater mussels (Unioniformes) in the region have experienced substantial population declines. Consequently, there is growing interest in determining how mussel population declines are related to activities associated with water resource development. Determining the causes of mussel population declines requires, in part, an understanding of the factors influencing mussel population dynamics. We developed Pradel reverse-time, tag-recapture models to estimate survival, recruitment, and population growth rates for three federally endangered mussel species in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin, Georgia. The models were parameterized using mussel tag-recapture data collected over five consecutive years from Sawhatchee Creek, located in southwestern Georgia. Model estimates indicated that mussel survival was strongly and negatively related to high flows during the summer, whereas recruitment was strongly and positively related to flows during the spring and summer. Using these models, we simulated mussel population dynamics under historic (1940-1969) and current (1980-2008) flow regimes and under increasing levels of water use to evaluate the relative effectiveness of alternative minimum flow regulations. The simulations indicated that the probability of simulated mussel population extinction was at least 8 times greater under current hydrologic regimes. In addition, simulations of mussel extinction under varying levels of water use indicated that the relative risk of extinction increased with increased water use across a range of minimum flow regulations. The simulation results also indicated that our estimates of the effects of water use on mussel extinction were influenced by the assumptions about the dynamics of the system, highlighting the need for further study of mussel population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Peterson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Meador JR, Peterson JT, Wisniewski JM. An evaluation of the factors influencing freshwater mussel capture probability, survival, and temporary emigration in a large lowland river. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1899/10-105.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Meador
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - James T. Peterson
- Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, US Geological Survey, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Jason M. Wisniewski
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Nongame Conservation Section, Social Circle, Georgia 30025 USA
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Shea CP, Peterson JT, Wisniewski JM, Johnson NA. Misidentification of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia:Unionidae): contributing factors, management implications, and potential solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1899/10-073.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin P. Shea
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - James T. Peterson
- US Geological Survey, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Jason M. Wisniewski
- Nongame Conservation Section, Wildlife Resources Division, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Social Circle, Georgia 30025 USA
| | - Nathan A. Johnson
- US Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Research Center, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32605 USA
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Craven SW, Peterson JT, Freeman MC, Kwak TJ, Irwin E. Modeling the relations between flow regime components, species traits, and spawning success of fishes in warmwater streams. Environ Manage 2010; 46:181-194. [PMID: 20559635 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-010-9511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to stream hydrologic regimes can have a profound influence on the dynamics of their fish populations. Using hierarchical linear models, we examined the relations between flow regime and young-of-year fish density using fish sampling and discharge data from three different warmwater streams in Illinois, Alabama, and Georgia. We used an information theoretic approach to evaluate the relative support for models describing hypothesized influences of five flow regime components representing: short-term high and low flows; short-term flow stability; and long-term mean flows and flow stability on fish reproductive success during fish spawning and rearing periods. We also evaluated the influence of ten fish species traits on fish reproductive success. Species traits included spawning duration, reproductive strategy, egg incubation rate, swimming locomotion morphology, general habitat preference, and food habits. Model selection results indicated that young-of-year fish density was positively related to short-term high flows during the spawning period and negatively related to flow variability during the rearing period. However, the effect of the flow regime components varied substantially among species, but was related to species traits. The effect of short-term high flows on the reproductive success was lower for species that broadcast their eggs during spawning. Species with cruiser swimming locomotion morphologies (e.g., Micropterus) also were more vulnerable to variable flows during the rearing period. Our models provide insight into the conditions and timing of flows that influence the reproductive success of warmwater stream fishes and may guide decisions related to stream regulation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Craven
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Shoults-Wilson WA, Peterson JT, Unrine JM, Rickard J, Black MC. The Asian clam Corbicula fluminea as a biomonitor of trace element contamination: accounting for different sources of variation using an hierarchical linear model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2009; 28:2224-2232. [PMID: 19463028 DOI: 10.1897/09-058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, specimens of the invasive clam, Corbicula fluminea, were collected above and below possible sources of potentially toxic trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in the Altamaha River system (Georgia, U.S.A.). Bioaccumulation of these elements was quantified, along with environmental (water and sediment) concentrations. Hierarchical linear models were used to account for variability in tissue concentrations related to environmental (site water chemistry and sediment characteristics) and individual (growth metrics) variables while identifying the strongest relations between these variables and trace element accumulation. The present study found significantly elevated concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Hg downstream of the outfall of kaolin-processing facilities, Zn downstream of a tire cording facility, and Cr downstream of both a nuclear power plant and a paper pulp mill. Models of the present study indicated that variation in trace element accumulation was linked to distance upstream from the estuary, dissolved oxygen, percentage of silt and clay in the sediment, elemental concentrations in sediment, shell length, and bivalve condition index. By explicitly modeling environmental variability, the Hierarchical linear modeling procedure allowed the identification of sites showing increased accumulation of trace elements that may have been caused by human activity. Hierarchical linear modeling is a useful tool for accounting for environmental and individual sources of variation in bioaccumulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Aaron Shoults-Wilson
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Konwick BJ, Tomy GT, Ismail N, Peterson JT, Fauver RJ, Higginbotham D, Fisk AT. Concentrations and patterns of perfluoroalkyl acids in Georgia, USA surface waters near and distant to a major use source. Environ Toxicol Chem 2008; 27:2011-2018. [PMID: 18419175 DOI: 10.1897/07-659.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widespread contaminants emanating from, among other sources, the production/degradation of fluorinated chemicals used in surface repellant applications, such as carpet manufacturing. The goal of the present study was to assess the concentrations of PFAAs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), in surface waters both near a wastewater land application system (LAS) in Dalton (GA, USA), home to North America's largest carpet manufacturing site, and distant to this location (Altamaha River, GA, USA) to understand the fate of PFAAs in freshwater. Levels of PFAAs were high in the Conasauga River (GA, USA) downstream of the LAS (PFOA, 253-1,150 ng/L; PFOS, 192-318 ng/L; PFNA, 202-369 ng/L; PFDA, 30.1-113 ng/L; PFUA, 58.0-99.2 ng/L; PFOSA, 162-283 ng/L) and in streams and ponds in Dalton (PFOA, 49.9-299 ng/L; PFOS, 15.8-120 ng/L), and were among the highest measured at a nonspill or direct-release location. Perfluoroalkyl acids in the Altamaha River were much lower (PFOA, 3.0-3.1 ng/L; PFOS, 2.6-2.7 ng/L), but were a source of PFAAs to Georgia's estuaries. A preliminary hazard assessment indicated that concentrations of PFOS at two sites in the Conasauga River exceeded the threshold effect predicted for birds consuming aquatic organisms that are exposed continuously to the PFOS levels at these sites. Assuming that toxicity for all PFAAs quantified is equal to that of PFOS, the sum total PFAAs at two sites within the Conasauga River exceeded PFOS thresholds for aquatic and avian species, warranting additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Konwick
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Reinert TR, Peterson JT. Modeling the effects of potential salinity shifts on the recovery of striped bass in the Savannah River estuary, Georgia-South Carolina, United States. Environ Manage 2008; 41:753-765. [PMID: 18293031 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-008-9082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increased salinity in spawning and nursery grounds in the Savannah River estuary was cited as the primary cause of a 97% decrease in adult striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and a concomitant 96% decrease in striped bass egg production. Restoration efforts focused on environmental remediation and stock enhancement have resulted in restored salinity patterns and increased egg and adult abundances. However, future water needs or harbor development may preclude further recovery by reducing freshwater inflow or increasing salinity intrusion. To assess the effect of potential changes in the salinity regime, we developed models relating discharge, tidal phase, and salinity to striped bass egg and early larval survival and re-cast these in a quantitative Bayesian belief network. The model indicated that a small upstream shift (< or =1.67 km) in the salinity regime would have the least impact on striped bass early life history survival, whereas shifts >1.67 km would have progressively larger impacts, with a 8.33-km shift potentially reducing our estimated survival probability by >28%. Such an impact could have cumulative and long-term detrimental effects on the recovery of the Savannah River striped bass population. The available salinity data were collected during average and low flows, so our model represents some typical and some extreme conditions during a striped bass spawning season. Our model is a relatively simplistic, "first-order" attempt at evaluating potential effects of changes in the Savannah River estuarine salinity regime and points to areas of concern and potential future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Reinert
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Athens, GA, USA.
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Albanese B, Peterson JT, Freeman BJ, Weiler DA. Accounting for Incomplete Detection when Estimating Site Occupancy of Bluenose Shiner (Pteronotropis welaka) in Southwest Georgia. SOUTHEAST NAT 2007. [DOI: 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[657:afidwe]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Grossman GD, Ratajczak Jr. RE, Petty JT, Hunter MD, Peterson JT, Grenouillet G. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF MOTTLED SCULPIN (PISCES) IN A VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT: INFORMATION THEORETIC APPROACHES. ECOL MONOGR 2006. [DOI: 10.1890/04-1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gould WR, Baxi SM, Schroeder R, Peng YW, Leadley RJ, Peterson JT, Perrin LA. Gas6 receptors Axl, Sky and Mer enhance platelet activation and regulate thrombotic responses. J Thromb Haemost 2005; 3:733-41. [PMID: 15733062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas6 (encoded by growth arrest-specific gene 6) is a vitamin-K dependent protein highly homologous to coagulation protein S that is secreted from platelet alpha-granules and has recently been demonstrated to participate in platelet thrombus formation. The current study evaluated the contribution of each of the three known Gas6 receptors (Axl, Sky and Mer) in human and mouse platelet function. Flow cytometry analyses confirmed that all three receptors are present on both human and mouse platelets. Pre-incubation of human platelets with either an anti-Gas6 antibody or blocking antibodies to Sky or Mer inhibited platelet aggregation and degranulation responses to both ADP and the PAR-1 activating peptide, SFLLRN, by more than 80%. In contrast, a stimulatory anti-Axl antibody increased activation responses to these agonists, suggesting a potentiating role for Gas6 in platelet activation. Moreover, in a mouse model of thrombosis, administration of Gas6 or Sky blocking antibodies resulted in a decrease in thrombus weight similar to clopidogrel but, unlike clopidogrel, produced no increase in template bleeding. Thus, Gas6 enhances platelet degranulation and aggregation responses through its known receptors, promoting platelet activation and mediating thrombus formation such that its inhibition prevents thrombosis without increasing bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Gould
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Department of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Conroy MJ, Allen C, Peterson JT, Pritchard LJ, Moore CT. Landscape Change in the Southern Piedmont: Challenges, Solutions, and Uncertainty Across Scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.5751/es-00598-080203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chen J, Kindt E, Hallak H, Peterson JT, Rosebury WS, Hubbel AM, Bocan TM, Rekhter MD. Molecular sieving and mass spectroscopy reveal enhanced collagen degradation in rabbit atheroma. Atherosclerosis 2001; 159:289-95. [PMID: 11730808 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen degradation is the major mechanism of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. It is unknown whether collagen breakdown is involved into formation of early atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS Current paper describes a novel collagen degradation assay based on a combination of molecular sieving and mass spectroscopy. The first step of the assay consists of the extraction of total collagen from tissue. This extract includes both intact collagen and its breakdown products. Molecular sieving is used to isolate low molecular weight collagen fragments. Since the low molecular weight fraction of the extract may contain some non-collagenous molecular species, the collagen-specific amino acid hydroxyproline is quantified using mass spectroscopy. RESULTS This assay was validated in various experimental systems with known/predictable level of collagen breakdown in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. When applied to cholesterol-fed rabbit aorta, it revealed enhanced collagen degradation in rabbit atheromas compared to unaffected aortic regions. CONCLUSION A novel assay has been developed to demonstrate enhanced collagen degradation in rabbit atherosclerotic plaques. Accurate quantification of collagen breakdown products should provide a new relevant end point in the analysis of plaque development and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Peterson JT, Hallak H, Johnson L, Li H, O'Brien PM, Sliskovic DR, Bocan TM, Coker ML, Etoh T, Spinale FG. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in a rat model of progressive heart failure. Circulation 2001; 103:2303-9. [PMID: 11342481 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.103.18.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation contributes to tissue remodeling in several disease states, and increased MMP activity has been observed in left ventricular (LV) failure. The present study tested the hypothesis that MMP inhibition would influence LV remodeling and function in developing LV failure. METHODS AND RESULTS LV size and function were measured in 5 groups of rats: (1) obese male spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats (SHHF) at 9 months (n=10), (2) SHHF at 13 months (n=12), (3) SHHF rats treated with an MMP inhibitor during months 9 to 13 (PD166793 5 mg. kg(-1). d(-1) PO; n=14), (4) normotensive Wistar-Furth rats (WF) at 9 months (n=12), and (5) WF at 13 months (n=12). Plasma concentrations of the MMP inhibitor (116+/-11 micromol/L) reduced in vitro LV myocardial MMP-2 activity by approximately 100%. LV function and geometry were similar in WF rats at 9 and 13 months. LV peak +dP/dt was unchanged at 9 months in SHHF but by 13 months was reduced in the SHHF group compared with WF (3578+/-477 versus 5983+/-109 mm Hg/s, P</=0.05). LV volume measured at an equivalent ex vivo pressure (10 mm Hg) was increased in SHHF at 9 months compared with WF (443+/-12 versus 563+/-33 mL, P</=0.05) and increased further by 13 months (899+/-64 mL, P</=0.05). LV myocardial MMP-2 activity was increased by approximately 2-fold in SHHF at 9 and 13 months. With MMP inhibition, LV peak +dP/dt was similar to WF values and LV volume was reduced compared with untreated SHHF values (678+/-28 mL, P</=0.05). CONCLUSIONS MMP activity contributes to LV dilation and progression to LV dysfunction in a rodent HF model, and direct MMP inhibition can attenuate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Peterson
- Departments of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize the timecourse of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, -11, -12, -13, and -14) and endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4) upregulation during left ventricular (LV) remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS The descending left coronary artery of male rats (Rattus norvegicus) was ligated to produce a MI. LV function and dilation were assessed from 1 day to 16 weeks post-MI. Protein and mRNA extraction was done on LV samples containing scar and myocardium together. Gelatinase activity was measured by zymography. Westerns were run on the MMPs known to cleave fibrillar collagen in the rat (MMP-8, -13, and -14) as well as TIMP-1, -2, and -4. RESULTS Average infarct size was 38.6+/-1.1%, and produced LV dysfunction and progressive LV dilation. Thoracic ascites, a marker of congestive heart failure (HF), was not present until 12 weeks post-MI. Upregulation of MMP-2, -8, -9, -13, and -14 and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was detected at different timepoints during HF progression. Increased MMP protein levels occurred sometimes without a corresponding elevation in mRNA levels, and increased TIMP mRNA levels without increased protein levels. MMP-13 active form was elevated during the first 2 weeks post-MI while TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein levels were not significantly elevated until 2 weeks post-MI. MMP-8 and MMP-14 protein levels increased later during heart failure progression. CONCLUSION MMP/TIMP upregulation evolves over time following infarction in the rat LV. Some MMPs were significantly elevated during the first week post-MI (MMP-13, -2, and -9) and another was not until 16 weeks post-MI (MMP-14). The dissociation between LV MMP/TIMP mRNA and protein levels shows that post-translation processing occurs in the rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Peterson
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the effect of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) on collagen, MMP, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) expression in the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rat. METHODS Six groups were tested: normotensive 9- and 13-month-old Wistar-Furth (WF) rats, 9-month-old SHHFs (compensatory hypertrophy), 13-month-old SHHFs with HF, and 13-month-old SHHFs orally administered with either an MMPi (PD166793, 5 mgkg(-1)day(-1)) or ACEi (quinapril, 10 mgkg(-1)day(-1)) for 4 months. Collagen volume fraction was assessed histomorphometrically. Left ventricular (LV) mRNA [MMP-1,-2,-3,-7,-9,-11,-13,-14; TIMP-1,-2,-3,-4; and collagen alpha1(I) and alpha1(III)] and protein (MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity; Western blot analysis of MMP-13, and TIMP-1,-2,-4) levels could be quantified. RESULTS Collagen mRNA levels were elevated in SHHFs compared to age-matched controls, but collagen volume fraction was elevated only in 13-month-old SHHFs (approximately 2x). Only MMP-2 mRNA levels increased significantly with HF. However, MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity, and MMP-13 protein levels increased. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA and protein levels increased, and TIMP-4 protein levels decreased in SHHFs vs. controls. Both drug treatments reduced LV dilation; preserved systolic function; and normalized MMP/TIMP expression. Both drug treatments also reduced collagen volume fraction, but only quinapril reduced collagen mRNA levels and LV hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS The divergent effect of MMPi and ACEi on collagen mRNA levels and hypertrophy indicate that drug efficacy is mediated by different pathways in the SHHF rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Division of Warner-Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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