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Amaro-Gahete FJ, Vázquez-Lorente H, Jurado-Fasoli L, Dote-Montero M, Kohler I, Ruiz JR. Low vitamin D levels are linked with increased cardiovascular disease risk in young adults: a sub-study and secondary analyses from the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-023-02272-4. [PMID: 38172418 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency is related to metabolic disturbances. Indeed, a poor vitamin D status has been usually detected in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship between vitamin D and CVD risk factors in young adults remains controversial at present. This study aimed to examine the association between circulating 25-hydroxivitamin D (25(OH)D) and CVD risk factors in young adults. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included a cohort of 177 young adults aged 18-25 years old (65% women). 25(OH)D serum concentrations were assessed using a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Fasting CVD risk factors (i.e., body composition, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver, and inflammatory markers) were determined by routine methods. A panel of 63 oxylipins and endocannabinoids (eCBs) was also analyzed by targeted metabolomics. RESULTS Circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with a wide range of CVD risk factors including anthropometrical (all P ≤ 0.005), body composition (all P ≤ 0.038), glucose metabolism (all P ≤ 0.029), lipid profile (all P < 0.035), liver (all P ≤ 0.011), and pro-inflammatory biomarkers (all P ≤ 0.030). No associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations were found with pro-inflammatory markers (all P ≥ 0.104), omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins, nor eCBs concentrations or their analogs (all P ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION The present findings support the idea that 25(OH)D could be a useful predictor of CVD risk in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - H Vázquez-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - L Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Dote-Montero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J R Ruiz
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Alcantara JMA, Jurado-Fasoli L, Dote-Montero M, Merchan-Ramirez E, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Impact of methods for data selection on the day-to-day reproducibility of resting metabolic rate assessed with four different metabolic carts. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2179-2188. [PMID: 37586924 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Accomplishing a high day-to-day reproducibility is important to detect changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) that may be produced after an intervention or for monitoring patients' metabolism over time. We aimed to analyze: (i) the influence of different methods for selecting indirect calorimetry data on RMR and RER assessments; and, (ii) whether these methods influence RMR and RER day-to-day reproducibility. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-eight young adults accomplished 4 consecutive RMR assessments (30-min each), using the Q-NRG (Cosmed, Rome, Italy), the Vyntus CPX (Jaeger-CareFusion, Höchberg, Germany), the Omnical (Maastricht Instruments, Maastricht, The Netherlands), and the Ultima CardiO2 (Medgraphics Corporation, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) carts, on 2 consecutive mornings. Three types of methods were used: (i) short (periods of 5 consecutive minutes; 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, and 26-30 min) and long time intervals (TI) methods (6-25 and 6-30 min); (ii) steady state (SSt methods); and, (iii) methods filtering the data by thresholding from the mean RMR (filtering methods). RMR and RER were similar when using different methods (except RMR for the Vyntus and RER for the Q-NRG). Conversely, using different methods impacted RMR (all P ≤ 0.037) and/or RER (P ≤ 0.009) day-to-day reproducibility in all carts. The 6-25 min and the 6-30 min long TI methods yielded more reproducible measurements for all metabolic carts. CONCLUSION The 6-25 min and 6-30 min should be the preferred methods for selecting data, as they result in the highest day-to-day reproducibility of RMR and RER assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Alcantara
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - M Dote-Montero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - E Merchan-Ramirez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - F J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 12e Avenue N Porte 6, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Lozano Gómez H, Rodríguez García A, Rodríguez Esteban MÁ, López Ferraz C, Murcia Hernández MDP, Fernández Zapata A, Villarreal Tello E, Ruiz Ruiz J, Fraile Gutiérrez V, Socias Crespi L, Pallas Beneyto LA, Villanueva Anadón B, Porcar Rodado E, Araiz Burdio JJ. Design of a new mortality indicator in acute coronary syndrome on admission to the Intensive Care Unit. Med Intensiva 2023; 47:501-515. [PMID: 37076405 DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To design a mortality indicator in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN A multicenter, observational descriptive study was carried out. PARTICIPANTS Patients with ACS admitted to the ICUs included in the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry between January 2013 and April 2019. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST Demographic parameters, time of access to the healthcare system, and clinical condition. Revascularization therapy, drugs and mortality were analyzed. Cox regression analysis was performed, followed by the design of a neural network. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to calculate the power of the new score. Lastly, the clinical utility or relevance of the ARIAM indicator (ARIAM's) was assessed using a Fagan test. RESULTS A total of 17,258 patients were included in the study, with a mortality rate of 3.5% (n = 605) at discharge from the ICU. The variables showing statistical significance (P < .001) were entered into the supervised predictive model, an artificial neural network. The new ARIAM's yielded a mean of 0.0257 (95%CI: 0.0245-0.0267) in patients discharged from the ICU versus 0.27085 (95%CI: 0.2533-0.2886) in those who died (P < .001). The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.918 (95%CI: 0.907-0.930). Based on the Fagan test, the ARIAM's showed the mortality risk to be 19% (95%CI: 18%-20%) when positive and 0.9% (95%CI: 0.8%-1.01%) when negative. CONCLUSIONS A new mortality indicator for ACS in the ICU can be established that is more accurate and reproducible, and periodically updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herminia Lozano Gómez
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Adrián Rodríguez García
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Cristina López Ferraz
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Nuestra Sra. de la Candelaria (Sta. Cruz de Tenerife), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan José Araiz Burdio
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sevilla-Lorente R, Carneiro-Barrera A, Molina-Garcia P, Ruiz JR, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Time of the day of exercise impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:169-179. [PMID: 36973109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of a single bout of morning vs. evening exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search of studies was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science from inception to June 2022. Selected studies accomplished the following criteria: crossover design, acute effect of exercise, blood pressure, blood glucose, and/or blood lipids as the study's endpoint, a washout period of at least 24 h, and adults. Meta-analysis was performed by analyzing: 1) separated effect of morning and evening exercise (pre vs. post); and 2) comparison between morning and evening exercise. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 10 studies for blood glucose. Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between morning vs. evening exercise for systolic blood pressure (g ∆ = 0.02), diastolic blood pressure (g ∆ = 0.01), or blood glucose (g ∆ = 0.15). Analysis of moderator variables (age, BMI, sex, health status, intensity and duration of exercise, and hour within the morning or evening) showed no significant morning vs. evening effect. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found no influence of the time of the day on the acute effect of exercise on blood pressure neither on blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sevilla-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain.
| | | | - P Molina-Garcia
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - F J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Ortiz-Alvarez L, Acosta FM, Xu H, Sanchez-Delgado G, Vilchez-Vargas R, Link A, Plaza-Díaz J, Llamas JM, Gil A, Labayen I, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. Fecal microbiota composition is related to brown adipose tissue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in young adults. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:567-576. [PMID: 36242744 PMCID: PMC9938059 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its related cardiometabolic diseases; however, whether the gut microbiota might be an efficient stimulus to activate BAT metabolism remains to be ascertained. We aimed to investigate the association of fecal microbiota composition with BAT volume and activity and mean radiodensity in young adults. METHODS 82 young adults (58 women, 21.8 ± 2.2 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. DNA was extracted from fecal samples and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyse the fecal microbiota composition. BAT was determined via a static 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET/CT) after a 2 h personalized cooling protocol. 18F-FDG uptake was also quantified in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscles. RESULTS The relative abundance of Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae sp. and Ruminococcus genera was negatively correlated with BAT volume, BAT SUVmean and BAT SUVpeak (all rho ≤ - 0.232, P ≤ 0.027), whereas the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium genus was positively correlated with BAT SUVmean and BAT SUVpeak (all rho ≥ 0.262, P ≤ 0.012). On the other hand, the relative abundance of Sutterellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae families was positively correlated with 18F-FDG uptake by WAT and skeletal muscles (all rho ≥ 0.213, P ≤ 0.042). All the analyses were adjusted for the PET/CT scan date as a proxy of seasonality. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that fecal microbiota composition is involved in the regulation of BAT and glucose uptake by other tissues in young adults. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02365129 (registered 18 February 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ortiz-Alvarez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - F M Acosta
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - H Xu
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - R Vilchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - J M Llamas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - A Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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Frandsen J, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Landgrebe A, Dela F, Ruiz JR, Helge JW, Larsen S. The influence of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation rate. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1241-1247. [PMID: 33848440 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fat oxidation decreases with age, yet no studies have previously investigated if aging affects the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) during exercise in men and women differently. We hypothesized that increased age would be associated with a decline in MFO and this would be more pronounced in women due to menopause, compared with men. In this cross-sectional study design, 435 (247/188, male/female) subjects of varying ages performed a DXA scan, a submaximal graded exercise test and a maximal oxygen uptake test, to measure MFO and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by indirect calorimetry. Subjects were stratified into 12 groups according to sex (male/female), age (<45, 45-55 and >55 years), CRF (below average and above average). Women aged <45 years had a higher MFO relative to fat free mass (FFM) (mg/min/kg) compared with men, regardless of CRF. However, there were no differences in MFO (mg/min/kg FFM) between men and women, in the groups aged between 45-55 and >55 years. In summary, we found that women aged <45 years display a higher MFO (mg/min/kg FFM) compared with men and that this sexual divergence is abolished after the age of 45 years. Novelty: Maximal fat oxidation rate is higher in young women compared with men. This sex-related difference is attenuated after the age of 45 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness does not influence this sex-related difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frandsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Landgrebe
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Amaro-Gahete FJ, De-la-O A, Jurado-Fasoli L, Espuch-Oliver A, de Haro T, Gutierrez A, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ. Exercise training increases the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults: A randomised controlled trial. The FIT-AGEING study. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2175-2183. [PMID: 31164040 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1626048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different training modalities on the soluble Klotho (S-Klotho) plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 middle-aged adults (53.4 ± 5.0 years old; 52.7% women) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. We conducted a 12-week randomised controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to 4 different groups: (i) a control group (no exercise), (ii) a physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR), (iii) a high intensity interval training group (HIIT), and (iv) a high intensity interval training group adding whole-body electromyostimulation training group (HIIT-EMS). S-Klotho plasma levels, anthropometric measurements, and body composition variables were measured before and after the intervention programme. All exercise training modalities induced an increase in the S-Klotho plasma levels (all P ≤ 0.019) without statistical differences between them (all P ≥ 0.696). We found a positive association between changes in lean mass index and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels, whereas a negative association was reported between changes in fat mass outcomes and changes in the S-Klotho plasma levels after our intervention study. In conclusion, our results suggest that the link between exercise training and the increase in S-Klotho plasma levels could be mediated by a decrease of fat mass and an increase of lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Amaro-Gahete
- a Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain.,b PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - A De-la-O
- a Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - L Jurado-Fasoli
- a Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - A Espuch-Oliver
- c Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital, H.U. Virgen de las Nieves, Ibs, Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - T de Haro
- d Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Laboratorios Clínicos, H.U San Cecilio, Ibs, Granada, Complejo Hospitalario de Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - A Gutierrez
- a Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- b PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - M J Castillo
- a Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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Alcantara JMA, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Merchan-Ramirez E, Labayen I, Ruiz JR. Congruent validity and inter-day reliability of two breath by breath metabolic carts to measure resting metabolic rate in young adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:929-936. [PMID: 29739678 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Achieving high inter-day reliability is a key factor to analyze the magnitude of change in RMR, for instance after an intervention. The aims of this study were: i) to determine the congruent validity of RMR and respiratory quotient (RQ) with two breath by breath commercially available metabolic carts [CCM Express (CCM) and Ultima CardiO2 (MGU)]; and ii) to analyze the inter-day reliability of RMR and RQ measurements. METHODS & RESULTS Seventeen young adults participated in the study. RMR measurements were performed during two consecutive 30-min periods, on two consecutive days with both metabolic carts. The 5-min period that met the steady state criteria [Coefficient of variance (CV) < 10% for VO2, VCO2, and VE, and CV<5% for RQ] and with the lowest CV average was included in further analysis. RMR values were higher with the MGU than with the CCM on both days (two-way ANOVA, P = 0.021), however, no differences were found on RQ values obtained by both metabolic carts (P = 0.642). Absolute inter-day RMR differences obtained with the MGU were higher than those obtained with the CCM (219 ± 185 vs. 158 ± 154 kcal/day, respectively, P = 0.002; 18.3 ± 17.2% vs. 13.5 ± 15.3%, respectively, P = 0.046). We observed a significant positive association of absolute inter-day differences in RMR obtained with both metabolic carts (β = 0.717; R2 = 0.743; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The CCM metabolic cart provides lower RMR values and seems more reliable than the MGU in our sample of young adults. Our findings also suggest that a great part of inter-day variability is explained by the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Alcantara
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. de Alfacar s/n C.P, 18071, Spain.
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. de Alfacar s/n C.P, 18071, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. de Alfacar s/n C.P, 18071, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E Merchan-Ramirez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. de Alfacar s/n C.P, 18071, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Avda. Barañain s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Ctra. de Alfacar s/n C.P, 18071, Spain
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9
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Henriksson P, Henriksson H, Labayen I, Huybrechts I, Gracia-Marco L, Ortega FB, España-Romero V, Manios Y, González-Gross M, Marcos A, Moreno LA, Gutiérrez Á, Ruiz JR. Correlates of ideal cardiovascular health in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:187-194. [PMID: 29241667 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) construct consists of 4 health behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity and diet) and 3 health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose). A greater number of iCVH components in adolescence are related to better cardiovascular health, but little is known about the correlates of iCVH in adolescents. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine correlates of iCVH in European adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS The study comprised 637 European adolescents with complete iCVH data. Participants were part of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted in 9 different European countries. Correlates investigated were sex and age, family affluence scale, maternal education, geographic location, sleep time, television viewing, duration of pregnancy, birth weight and breastfeeding. Younger adolescents, those whose mothers had medium/high education or those who watched television less than 2 h per day had a greater number of iCVH components compared to those who were older, had a mother with low education or watched television 2 h or more daily (P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION Since in our study older adolescents had worse iCVH than younger adolescents, early promotion of cardiovascular health may be important. Future studies may also investigate the usefulness of limiting television viewing to promote iCVH. Finally, since adolescents of mothers with low education had poorer iCVH, it may be of special interest to tailor public health promotion to adolescents from families with low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - H Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - L Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - V España-Romero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - M González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Á Gutiérrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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10
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Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Esteban-Cornejo I, Migueles JH, Mora-Gonzalez J, Henriksson P, Martín-Matillas M, Mena-Molina A, Molina-García P, Estévez-López F, Enriquez GM, Perales JC, Ruiz JR, Catena A, Ortega FB. Physical fitness and psychological health in overweight/obese children: A cross-sectional study from the ActiveBrains project. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:179-184. [PMID: 29031643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of physical fitness (i.e. cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and speed/agility) with psychological distress and psychological well-being in overweight/obese pre-adolescent children. DESIGN 110 overweight/obese children (10.0±1.1years old, 61 boys) from the ActiveBrains project (http://profith.ugr.es/activebrains) participated in this cross-sectional study. METHODS Physical fitness was evaluated by the ALPHA battery test. Cardiorespiratory fitness was additionally evaluated by a maximal incremental treadmill. Stress was assessed by the Children's Daily Stress Inventory, anxiety by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, depression by the Children Depression Inventory, positive affect and negative affect by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, happiness by the Subjective Happiness Scale, optimism by the Life Orientation Test, and self-esteem by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem questionnaire. Linear regression adjusted for sex and peak height velocity was used to examine associations. RESULTS Absolute upper-body muscular strength was negatively associated with stress and negative affect (β=-0.246, p=0.047; β=-0.329, p=0.010, respectively). Furthermore, absolute lower-body muscular strength was negatively associated with negative affect (β=-0.301, p=0.029). Cardiorespiratory fitness, expressed by the last completed lap, and relative upper-body muscular strength were positively associated with optimism (β=0.220, p=0.042; β=0.240, p=0.017, respectively). Finally, absolute upper-body muscular strength was positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.362, p=0.003) independently of sex and weight status (p for interactions >0.3), and absolute lower-body muscular strength was also positively associated with self-esteem (β=0.352, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Muscular strength was associated with psychological distress (i.e. stress and negative affect) and psychological well-being (i.e. optimism and self-esteem) as well as cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with optimism. Therefore, increased levels of physical fitness, specifically muscular strength, could have significant benefits for overweight/obese children psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A Mena-Molina
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Molina-García
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F Estévez-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - G M Enriquez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J C Perales
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - A Catena
- Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre-CIMCYC, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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11
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González-Gil EM, Santabárbara J, Ruiz JR, Bel-Serrat S, Huybrechts I, Pedrero-Chamizo R, de la O A, Gottrand F, Kafatos A, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Molnar D, De Henauw S, Plada M, Ferrari M, Palacios Le Blé G, Siani A, González-Gross M, Gómez-Martínez S, Marcos A, Moreno Aznar LA. Ideal cardiovascular health and inflammation in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:447-455. [PMID: 28416098 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis and this process seems to appear in childhood. The ideal cardiovascular health index (ICHI) has been inversely related to atherosclerotic plaque in adults. However, evidence regarding inflammation and ICHI in adolescents is scarce. The aim is to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation in European adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS As many as 543 adolescents (251 boys and 292 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, a cross-sectional multi-center study including 9 European countries, were measured. C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factors C3 and C4, leptin and white blood cell counts were used to compute an inflammatory score. Multilevel linear models and multilevel logistic regression were used to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation controlling by covariates. Higher ICHI was associated with a lower inflammatory score, as well as with several individual components, both in boys and girls (p < 0.01). In addition, adolescents with at least 4 ideal components of the ICHI had significantly lower inflammatory score and lower levels of the study biomarkers, except CRP. Finally, the multilevel logistic regression showed that for every unit increase in the ICHI, the probability of having an inflammatory profile decreased by 28.1% in girls. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that a better ICHI is associated with a lower inflammatory profile already in adolescence. Improving these health behaviors, and health factors included in the ICHI, could play an important role in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M González-Gil
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain.
| | - J Santabárbara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - S Bel-Serrat
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Pedrero-Chamizo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A de la O
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Gottrand
- Univ Lille 2, INSERM U995, CHU, Lille, France
| | - A Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - K Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - D Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Plada
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - M Ferrari
- Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy
| | - G Palacios Le Blé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Siani
- Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - M González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain; ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Gómez-Martínez
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition. (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Moreno Aznar
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
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12
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Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Mora-Gonzalez J, Martín-Matillas M, Löf M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR. Health-related physical fitness is associated with total and central body fat in preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:468-474. [PMID: 26683697 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether health-related physical fitness is associated with total and central body fat in preschool children. METHODS A total of 403 Spanish children aged 3-5 years (57.8% boys) participated in the study. Health-related physical fitness was measured by the PREFIT battery: the handgrip strength and the standing long-jump tests (muscular strength), the 4 × 10 m shuttle run (speed-agility), the one-leg stance tests (balance) and the PREFIT-20 m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness). Body mass index and waist circumference were used as markers of total and central body fat, respectively. RESULTS There were significant associations between all health-related physical fitness tests and body mass index (β = 0.280 ± 0.054, β = -0.020 ± 0.006, β = 0.154 ± 0.065 and β = -0.034 ± 0.011 for the handgrip strength, standing long jump, 4 × 10 m shuttle run and PREFIT-20 m shuttle run tests, respectively, all P ≤ 0.019) after adjusting for sex and age. Similarly, there was significant associations of standing long jump (β = -0.072 ± 0.014), 4 × 10 m shuttle run (β = 0.652 ± 0.150) and PREFIT-20 m shuttle run tests (β = -0.102 ± 0.025) with waist circumference (all P ≤ 0.001), except for handgrip strength (β = 0.254 ± 0.145, P = 0.081) and one-leg stance (β = -0.012 ± 0.009, P = 0.156). CONCLUSIONS The present study extends previous findings in older youth. Fitness assessment should be introduced in future epidemiological and intervention studies in preschool children because it seems to be an important factor determining health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Martín-Matillas
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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13
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Álvarez-Gallardo IC, Carbonell-Baeza A, Segura-Jiménez V, Soriano-Maldonado A, Intemann T, Aparicio VA, Estévez-López F, Camiletti-Moirón D, Herrador-Colmenero M, Ruiz JR, Delgado-Fernández M, Ortega FB. Physical fitness reference standards in fibromyalgia: The al-Ándalus project. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1477-1488. [PMID: 27747931 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed (1) to report age-specific physical fitness levels in people with fibromyalgia of a representative sample from Andalusia; and (2) to compare the fitness levels of people with fibromyalgia with non-fibromyalgia controls. This cross-sectional study included 468 (21 men) patients with fibromyalgia and 360 (55 men) controls. The fibromyalgia sample was geographically representative from southern Spain. Physical fitness was assessed with the Senior Fitness Test battery plus the handgrip test. We applied the Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape to calculate percentile curves for women and fitted mean curves using a linear regression for men. Our results show that people with fibromyalgia reached worse performance in all fitness tests than controls (P < 0.001) in all age ranges (P < 0.001). This study provides a comprehensive description of age-specific physical fitness levels among patients with fibromyalgia and controls in a large sample of patients with fibromyalgia from southern of Spain. Physical fitness levels of people with fibromyalgia from Andalusia are very low in comparison with age-matched healthy controls. This information could be useful to correctly interpret physical fitness assessments and helping health care providers to identify individuals at risk for losing physical independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Álvarez-Gallardo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Carbonell-Baeza
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - V Segura-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Science, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - A Soriano-Maldonado
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - T Intemann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Estévez-López
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Herrador-Colmenero
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Delgado-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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14
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Nyström C, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Mora-Gonzalez J, Risinger AS, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Löf M. Prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness level in preschool children from the north compared with the south of Europe: an exploration with two countries. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:403-10. [PMID: 26549795 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND North-south differences in the prevalence of obesity and fitness levels have been found in European adolescents, yet it is unknown if such differences already exist in very young children. OBJECTIVES This study aims to compare the prevalence of overweight/obesity and fitness levels in preschool children aged 4 years from Sweden (north of Europe) and Spain (south of Europe). METHODS The sample consisted of 315 Swedish and 128 Spanish preschoolers. Anthropometry (weight, height, waist circumference) and fitness (strength, speed-agility, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed. Analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex and height/body mass index (BMI) was used. RESULTS Preschool children from Sweden had lower prevalence of overweight/obesity than their peers from Spain (World Obesity Federation, mean difference, MD = -9%, P = 0.010; World Health Organization, MD = -11%, P = 0.011). Concerning fitness, preschoolers from Spain were more fit in terms of upper-muscular strength (MD = +0.4 kg, P = 0.010), speed-agility (MD = -1.9 s, P = 0.001), balance (MD = +4.0 s, P = 0.001) and cardiorespiratory fitness (MD = boys = +6.6 laps, girls = +2.3 laps; P < 0.001 for all), yet they had worse lower-muscular strength (MD = -7.1, P ≤ 0.001) than those from Sweden. Differences in upper-muscular strength were largely explained by differences in BMI, and differences in cardiorespiratory fitness should be interpreted cautiously due to some methodological deviations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in Spain compared with Sweden is present already at early childhood, while differences in physical fitness components showed mixed findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - C Nyström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A S Risinger
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Huybrechts I, Ortega FB, Arenaza L, González-Gross M, Widhalm K, Molnar D, Manios Y, DeHenauw S, Meirhaeghe A, Moreno LA. Dietary fat intake modifies the influence of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism on adiposity in adolescents: The HELENA cross-sectional study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:937-43. [PMID: 27514607 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) has been associated with obesity and dietary intake. The aims were: (i) To assess whether energy and macronutrient intakes were different across the FTOrs9939609 genotypes in adolescents, and (ii) to explore whether dietary fat intake modified the association of the rs9939609 polymorphism with adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS The FTOrs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped in 652 adolescents (53% females, 14.8 ± 1.2 years, TT = 246, TA = 296, AA = 110). Energy and macronutrient intake were assessed by two non-consecutive 24 h-recalls. Weight, height, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses were measured and body fat percent was calculated. Energy and macronutrient intake were similar across the FTOrs9939609 genotypes (P > 0.2). There were significant interactions between the FTO polymorphism and fat intake on adiposity estimates (P < 0.05). In adolescents whose fat intake was below 30% (N = 203), the A allele of rs9939609 was not associated with adiposity indices. In contrast, in adolescents whose fat intake was between 30% and 35% of energy (N = 190), the rs9939609 polymorphism was associated with a 1.9% higher body fat per risk allele (95%CI: 0.39, 3.33; P < 0.05), and in those whose fat intake was higher than 35% (N = 259), it was associated with a 2.8% higher body fat per risk allele (95%CI: 1.27, 4.43; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the concept that the deleterious effect of the FTOrs9939609 polymorphism on adiposity is exacerbated in adolescents consuming high fat diets. In contrast, the consumption of low fat diets (<30% of energy) may attenuate the genetic predisposition to obesity in risk allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain; Nutrition, Exercise and Health Research Group, Elikadura, Ariketa Fisikoa eta Osasuna, ELIKOS Group, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - J R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, Lyon, France
| | - F B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - L Arenaza
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain; Nutrition, Exercise and Health Research Group, Elikadura, Ariketa Fisikoa eta Osasuna, ELIKOS Group, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - M González-Gross
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Widhalm
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - S DeHenauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Meirhaeghe
- INSERM U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, France
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Padilla-Moledo C, Ruiz JR, Castro-Piñero J. Parental educational level and psychological positive health and health complaints in Spanish children and adolescents. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:534-43. [PMID: 27097753 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest on the impact of socioeconomic differences on youth's health is growing. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of parental educational level with psychological positive health and health complaints in Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS Parental educational level, psychological positive health indicators (perceived health status, life satisfaction, quality of family relationships, quality of peer relationships and academic performance) and health complaint index (headache, stomach ache, backache, feeling low, irritability or bad temper, feeling nervous, difficulties getting to sleep, feeling dizzy) were self-reported using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire in 685 (366 boys and 319 girls) children and adolescents. RESULTS Children reporting parents with non-university studies (father, mother or both) had significantly higher odd ratio of having lower academic performance, lower life satisfaction, perceiving their health status as otherwise (vs. excellent) and having health complaints sometime than their counterparts reporting parents with university studies (father, mother or both). CONCLUSION Current results provide evidence that children having parents with a university degree (father, mother or both) are more likely to have higher psychological positive health and lower health complaints than children reporting parents with non-university studies. This is particularly important for the welfare policy that must pay attention for implementing programs for helping population to access to university studies by their impact on youth health.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Padilla-Moledo
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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17
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Sanchez-Delgado G, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Mora-Gonzalez J, Martinez-Tellez B, Chillón P, Löf M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR. Assessment of handgrip strength in preschool children aged 3 to 5 years. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:966-72. [PMID: 26141024 DOI: 10.1177/1753193415592328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether there is an optimal grip span for determining the maximum handgrip strength in preschool children and if it is influenced by gender, age, or hand size. A total of 292 preschool children (3-5 years; 59.2% boys) carried out the handgrip strength test with different grip spans (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0 cm). The hand size was also measured. We also determined the reliability of the optimal grip span in another group of children (n = 56, 57% boys) who did the test twice, with a 3-hour difference between tests. The results showed that 4.0 cm is the optimal grip span to determine the maximum handgrip strength in preschool children. This result applied to both genders, all age groups, and hand sizes. Paired t-tests showed no significant differences between test and retest. These findings may guide clinicians and researchers in selecting the optimal grip span when measuring handgrip strength in preschool children.Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P Chillón
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity' Research Group. Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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18
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Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Davis CL, Rodríguez G, González-Gross M, Breidenassel C, Dallongeville J, Marcos A, Widhalm K, Kafatos A, Molnar D, DeHenauw S, Gottrand F, Moreno LA. Liver enzymes and clustering cardiometabolic risk factors in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:361-70. [PMID: 25515703 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the associations of liver biomarkers with cardiometabolic risk factors and their clustering, and to provide reference values (percentiles) and cut-off points for liver biomarkers associated with high cardiometabolic risk in European adolescents. METHODS Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase to ALT ratio (AST/ALT), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and insulin were measured in 1084 adolescents. We computed a continuous cardiometabolic risk score and defined the high cardiometabolic risk. RESULTS Higher ALT and GGT and lower AST/ALT were associated with adiposity and with the number of adverse cardiometabolic risk factors (Ps < 0.05). Higher GGT and lower AST/ALT were associated with higher cardiometabolic risk score (Ps < 0.001) in males and females, and ALT only in males (Ps < 0.001). Gender- and age-specific percentiles for liver biomarkers were provided. Receiver operating characteristic analyses showed a significant discriminatory accuracy of AST/ALT in identifying the low/high cardiometabolic risk (Ps < 0.01) and thresholds were provided. CONCLUSIONS Higher GGT and lower AST/ALT are associated with higher cardiometabolic risk factors and their clustering in male and female European adolescents, whereas the associations of ALT were gender dependent. Our results suggest the usefulness of AST/ALT as a screening test in the assessment of adolescents with high cardiometabolic risk and provide gender- and age-specific thresholds that might be of clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH 'PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity' Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C L Davis
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - G Rodríguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Aragon, Spain
| | - M González-Gross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Breidenassel
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Dallongeville
- INSERM, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UDSL, Lille, France
| | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - K Widhalm
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Kafatos
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Greece
| | - D Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - S DeHenauw
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Gottrand
- Inserm U995, Pediatric Department, Lille University Hospital and University Lille 2, France
| | - L A Moreno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Padilla-Moledo C, Castro-Piñero J, Ortega FB, Pulido-Martos M, Sjöström M, Ruiz JR. Television viewing, psychological positive health, health complaints and health risk behaviors in Spanish children and adolescents. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55:675-683. [PMID: 25895471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to study the correlation of television viewing with positive and negative health in youth. METHODS The present cross-sectional study comprised a total of 680 children and adolescents aged 6-17.9 (46% girls) representative of the province of Cádiz (south Spain). We used the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire to assess television viewing, positive and negative health. RESULTS It was found that correlations between television viewing >2 hours and several outcomes were inconsistent. No effects were found for quality of family relationships, quality of peer relationships, perceived academic performance and health risk behaviors in children, or with perceived excellent health status, excellent life satisfaction, quality of peer relationships, perceived academic performance and health risk behaviors in adolescents. However viewing >2 hours of television was correlated with lower quality family relations in adolescents, and lower perceived excellent health status, lower life satisfaction and higher health complaints index in children. Correction for multiple comparisons would render all television relationships as non-significant. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that negative television influences on children and adolescents are minimal. However excessive television viewing may be symptomatic of other underlying mental health problems for some children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Padilla-Moledo
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain -
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20
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Ruiz JR, Gil-Bea F, Bustamante-Ara N, Rodríguez-Romo G, Fiuza-Luces C, Serra-Rexach JA, Cedazo-Minguez A, Lucia A. Resistance training does not have an effect on cognition or related serum biomarkers in nonagenarians: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Med 2014; 36:54-60. [PMID: 25329433 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1375693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of 8-week exercise-intervention on cognition and related serum biochemical markers in nonagenarians. We also studied the effects of a 4-week training cessation ('detraining') period on our study variables. Participants were randomly allocated to a standard-care (control) or intervention (exercise) group [n=20 (16 women)/group]. The intervention focused on supervised, light-to-moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercises (mainly leg press), and included 3 weekly sessions. Cognitive status was determined by the mini-mental state examination and geriatric depression scale. We analysed proteins with reported relation with mechanisms behind cognition changes such as serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme, amyloid-precursor protein, epidermal growth factor, brain-derived neural factor and tumor necrosis factor. No significant change (P>0.05) in any of the variables studied was found following the exercise intervention compared with the standard-care group. Similarly, no significant changes (P>0.05) were observed following the detraining period compared with the standard-care group. Overall changes after the exercise intervention in serum biomarkers were not associated with changes in functional capacity and cognitive measures. An 8-week exercise intervention focusing on resistance exercises neither benefits cognitive function nor affects the levels of the serum proteins analysed in nonagenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity research group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Gil-Bea
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropharmacology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | - C Fiuza-Luces
- Biomedicine, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Serra-Rexach
- Geriatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cedazo-Minguez
- Karolinska Institutet, KI-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Lucia
- Physiology, Universidad Europea De Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Carbonell-Baeza A, Álvarez-Gallardo IC, Segura-Jiménez V, Castro-Piñero J, Ruiz JR, Delgado-Fernández M, Aparicio VA. Reliability and feasibility of physical fitness tests in female fibromyalgia patients. Int J Sports Med 2014; 36:157-62. [PMID: 25329431 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and feasibility of physical fitness tests in female fibromyalgia patients. 100 female fibromyalgia patients (aged 50.6±8.6 years) performed the following tests twice (7 days interval test-retest): chair sit and reach, back scratch, handgrip strength, arm curl, chair stand, 8 feet up and go, and 6-min walk. Significant differences between test and retest were found in the arm curl (mean difference: 1.25±2.16 repetitions, Cohen d=0.251), chair stand (0.99±1.7 repetitions, Cohen d=0.254) and 8 feet up and go (-0.38±1.09 s, Cohen d=0.111) tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) range from 0.92 in the arm curl test to 0.96 in the back scratch test. The feasibility of the tests (patients able to complete the test) ranged from 89% in the arm curl test to 100% in the handgrip strength test. Therefore, the reliability and feasibility of the physical fitness tests examined is acceptable for female fibromyalgia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carbonell-Baeza
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Science, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - I C Álvarez-Gallardo
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - V Segura-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Science, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Delgado-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
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22
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Moreno LA, Moliner-Urdiales D, Ruiz JR, Mesana MI, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Rodríguez G, Fleta J, León JF, García-Fuentes M, Castillo MJ, González-Gross M, Marcos A. Five year trends on total and abdominal adiposity in Spanish adolescents. NUTR HOSP 2013; 27:731-8. [PMID: 23114937 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2012.27.3.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess five years trends in total and abdominal fat in Spanish adolescents. DESIGN Two cross-sectional studies: adolescents from the city of Zaragoza (Spain) assessed during 2001-2002 and 2006-2007. SUBJECTS 399 adolescents in 2001-02 and 392 adolescents in 2006-07. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Socio-economic status was assessed using the education level of both parents. A complete anthropometric assessment was performed in both surveys using the same methodology: weight, height, skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh and calf) and circumferences (waist and hip). The body mass index (BMI) and the sum of 6 skinfold thicknesses were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was also calculated by the formulas described by Slaughter et al. RESULTS After adjusting for age and pubertal status, only females showed a significantly decrease in weight, BMI and waist circumference, and a significant increase in the sum of 6 skinfolds (all P < 0.05 and Cohen's d ≥ 0.25) in 2006-2007, when compared to values obtained in 2001-2002. Males did not show any significant change between the two surveys. Concerning centile values, a slight general reduction was observed in weight, BMI and waist circumference for both males and females. On the contrary, the sum of 6 skinfolds and the BF% were higher in 2006-2007 than in 2001-2002. CONCLUSION According to these results, there might be a levelling-off in the trends of BMI, BF% and waist circumference in male adolescents from Zaragoza. In females, despite a trend towards higher body fat mass, there was a trend towards lower BMI and waist circumference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zargaza, Spain.
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23
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Laguna M, Aznar S, Lara MT, Lucía A, Ruiz JR. Heart rate recovery is associated with obesity traits and related cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:995-1001. [PMID: 23211756 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased vagal activity is associated with obesity and metabolic risk in children and adolescents. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the association of parasympathetic function, as assessed by heart rate recovery (HRR) from a maximal exercise cycle-ergometer test, with obesity traits and related cardiometabolic risk factors in Spanish children and adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS A sample of 437 Spanish 9-year-old-children and 235 15-year-old-adolescents participated in the study. The variables measured were anthropometric characteristics (height, body mass and waist circumference) and physical activity using the Actigraph accelerometer. Additional measured outcomes included fasting insulin, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and blood pressure. A metabolic risk score was computed as the mean of the standardised outcomes scores. The HRR was calculated as the difference between peak heart rate and heart rate 1, 3 and 5 min after cessation of the maximal ergometer test. Diastolic blood pressure was associated with all the HRR parameters in 9-year-old-girls. In 9-year-old-boys, the 3-min HRR was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) (p < 0.05). Five minute HRR was inversely associated with waist circumference (p < 0.05), sum of five skinfolds (p < 0.01) and HOMA (p = 0.004). There were no significant associations in adolescents. In 9-year-old-girls, the adjusted 5-min HRR showed significant differences between quartile 2 and 4 of metabolic risk (p = 0.011). In all samples, the adjusted HRR (1-, 3- and 5-min HRR) did not show significant differences across quartiles. CONCLUSION HRR was inversely associated with obesity traits and related cardiometabolic risk factors mainly in healthy boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laguna
- PAFS-UCLM Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n. 45071, Toledo, Spain
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24
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Rey-López JP, Bel-Serrat S, Santaliestra-Pasías A, de Moraes AC, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Ruiz JR, Artero EG, Martínez-Gómez D, Gottrand F, De Henauw S, Huybrechts I, Polito A, Molnar D, Manios Y, Moreno LA. Sedentary behaviour and clustered metabolic risk in adolescents: the HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:1017-1024. [PMID: 22906564 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although sedentary behaviours are linked with mortality for cardiovascular reasons, it is not clear whether they are negatively related with cardio-metabolic risk factors. The aim was to examine the association between time engaged in television (TV) viewing or playing with videogames and a clustered cardio-metabolic risk in adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS Sedentary behaviours and physical activity were assessed in 769 adolescents (376 boys, aged 12.5-17.5 years) from the HELENA-CSS study. We measured systolic blood pressure, HOMA index, triglycerides, TC/HDL-c, VO₂max and the sum of four skinfolds, and a clustered metabolic risk index was computed. A multilevel regression model (by Poisson) was performed to calculate the prevalence ratio of having a clustered metabolic risk. In boys, playing >4 h/day with videogames (weekend) and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with cardio-metabolic risk after adjustment for age, maternal education and MVPA. In contrast, TV viewing was not associated with the presence of cardio-metabolic risk. CONCLUSION In boys, playing with videogames may impair cardio-metabolic health during the adolescence. Adolescents should be encouraged to increase their participation in physical activity of at least moderate intensity to obtain a more favourable risk factor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Rey-López
- GENUD Research Group, University of Zaragoza, C/Corona de Aragon, 42, Zaragoza E-50009, Spain.
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25
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Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Labayen I, Hurtig-Wennlöf A, Harro J, Kwak L, Oja L, Merenäkk L, Veidebaum T, Sjöström M. Role of socio-cultural factors on changes in fitness and adiposity in youth: a 6-year follow-up study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:883-890. [PMID: 22795868 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Optimal cardio-respiratory fitness and adiposity levels are tightly related to health in youth. We analysed changes in fitness and adiposity in young individuals from two countries, and examined the role of maternal education in these changes. METHODS AND RESULTS A 6-year follow-up study was conducted on 483 Estonian children (9 years) and 466 Swedish children (9-10 years) and adolescents (15 years). Fitness was assessed by a maximal bike test, and total and central adiposity were indirectly estimated by skinfolds (Slaughter's equation for fat mass) and waist circumference. At follow-up, fitness and adiposity had increased in the children cohort (P ≤ 0.001), while small or no change occurred in the adolescent cohort. In the children cohort, Estonian participants had a lower increase in fitness and a higher increase in adiposity (total and central) than Swedish participants. Higher maternal education increased the odds of remaining fit (top quartile) by half and reduced the risk of remaining fat (top quartile) by half; odds ratios = 1.56 (1.00-2.43), 0.50 (0.32-0.77) and 0.61 (0.39-0.94) for fitness, total and central adiposity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the socioeconomic situation of a country might influence key cardiovascular risk factors (fitness and adiposity), being at higher risk for a low-middle income country (Estonia) than a higher income country (Sweden). The findings stress the role of socioeconomic status, particularly maternal education, in the maintenance of healthy fitness and adiposity levels from childhood into later life. Preventive efforts have to be taken from early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Ortega
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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26
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Ardoy DN, Fernández-Rodríguez JM, Jiménez-Pavón D, Castillo R, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB. A physical education trial improves adolescents' cognitive performance and academic achievement: the EDUFIT study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:e52-61. [PMID: 23826633 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the effects of an intervention focused on increasing the time and intensity of Physical Education (PE), on adolescents' cognitive performance and academic achievement. A 4-month group-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 67 adolescents from South-East Spain, 2007. Three classes were randomly allocated into control group (CG), experimental group 1 (EG1) and experimental group 2 (EG2). CG received usual PE (two sessions/week), EG1 received four PE sessions/week and EG2 received four PE sessions/week of high intensity. Cognitive performance (non-verbal and verbal ability, abstract reasoning, spatial ability, verbal reasoning and numerical ability) was assessed by the Spanish Overall and Factorial Intelligence Test, and academic achievement by school grades. All the cognitive performance variables, except verbal reasoning, increased more in EG2 than in CG (all P < 0.05). Average school grades (e.g., mathematics) increased more in EG2 than in CG. Overall, EG2 improved more than EG1, without differences between EG1 and CG. Increased PE can benefit cognitive performance and academic achievement. This study contributes to the current knowledge by suggesting that the intensity of PE sessions might play a role in the positive effect of physical activity on cognition and academic success. Future studies involving larger sample sizes should confirm or contrast these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Ardoy
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Physical Education, IES J. Martínez Ruiz Azorín of Yecla, Ministry of Education of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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27
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Moreira C, Santos R, Moreira P, Lobelo F, Ruiz JR, Vale S, Santos PC, Abreu S, Mota J. Cardiorespiratory fitness is negatively associated with metabolic risk factors independently of the adherence to a healthy dietary pattern. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:670-676. [PMID: 22484148 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and diet have been involved as significant factors towards the prevention of cardio-metabolic diseases. This study aimed to assess the impact of the combined associations of CRF and adherence to the Southern European Atlantic Diet (SEADiet) on the clustering of metabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 468 adolescents aged 15-18, from the Azorean Islands, Portugal. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, waits circumference and height. HOMA, TC/HDL-C ratio and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. For each of these variables, a Z-score was computed by age and sex. A metabolic risk score (MRS) was constructed by summing the Z scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered when the individual had ≥ 1 SD of this score. CRF was measured with the 20 m-Shuttle-Run-Test. Adherence to SEADiet was assessed with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression showed that, after adjusting for potential confounders, unfit adolescents with low adherence to SEADiet had the highest odds of having MRS (OR = 9.4; 95%CI:2.6-33.3) followed by the unfit ones with high adherence to the SEADiet (OR = 6.6; 95% CI: 1.9-22.5) when compared to those who were fit and had higher adherence to SEADiet. CONCLUSIONS Unfit adolescents showed higher odds of having high MRS, regardless of the adherence to SEADiet suggesting that high CRF may overcome the deleterious effects of low adherence to a healthy dietary pattern in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moreira
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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Santos-Lozano A, Santín-Medeiros F, Cardon G, Torres-Luque G, Bailón R, Bergmeir C, Ruiz JR, Lucia A, Garatachea N. Actigraph GT3X: validation and determination of physical activity intensity cut points. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34:975-82. [PMID: 23700330 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1337945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were: to compare energy expenditure (EE) estimated from the existing GT3X accelerometer equations and EE measured with indirect calorimetry; to define new equations for EE estimation with the GT3X in youth, adults and older people; and to define GT3X vector magnitude (VM) cut points allowing to classify PA intensity in the aforementioned age-groups. The study comprised 31 youth, 31 adults and 35 older people. Participants wore the GT3X (setup: 1-s epoch) over their right hip during 6 conditions of 10-min duration each: resting, treadmill walking/running at 3, 5, 7, and 9 km · h⁻¹, and repeated sit-stands (30 times · min⁻¹). The GT3X proved to be a good tool to predict EE in youth and adults (able to discriminate between the aforementioned conditions), but not in the elderly. We defined the following equations: for all age-groups combined, EE (METs)=2.7406+0.00056 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹)-0.008542 · age (years)-0.01380 · body mass (kg); for youth, METs=1.546618+0.000658 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹); for adults, METs=2.8323+0.00054 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹)-0.059123 · body mass (kg)+1.4410 · gender (women=1, men=2); and for the elderly, METs=2.5878+0.00047 · VM activity counts (counts · min⁻¹)-0.6453 · gender (women=1, men=2). Activity counts derived from the VM yielded a more accurate EE estimation than those derived from the Y-axis. The GT3X represents a step forward in triaxial technology estimating EE. However, age-specific equations must be used to ensure the correct use of this device.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos-Lozano
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of León, Spain
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29
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Soriano-Maldonado A, Cuenca-García M, Moreno LA, González-Gross M, Leclercq C, Androutsos O, Guerra-Hernández EJ, Castillo MJ, Ruiz JR. [Egg intake and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: role of physical activity; the HELENA study]. NUTR HOSP 2013; 28:868-877. [PMID: 23848114 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.3.6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the main cause of morbi-mortality in western countries. Serum cholesterol levels have been related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Egg intake has been indirectly related to the risk of developing CVD because of its high cholesterol content. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the association between egg intake and CVD risk factors in adolescents, assessing the possible influence of physical activity. METHODS We studied 380 adolescents enrolled in the HELENA (HEalthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Food intake was estimated by 2 nonconsecutive 24 h recalls. We measured adiposity indicators, lipid profile, blood glucose and insulin levels, insulin resistance, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness. A CVD risk score was computed as a measure of the overall CVD risk profile. Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry. Sexual development was examined. Socioeconomic and smoking statuses were obtained by questionnaire. The association between egg intake and CVD risk factors was examined using a multilevel analysis adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Egg intake was not associated with lipid profile, adiposity, insulin resistance, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory fitness or the integrated CVD risk score. This lack of association was not influenced by physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that egg intake is not associated with a less favorable lipid or CVD risk profile in adolescents. This lack of association is not influenced by the level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soriano-Maldonado
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, España.
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30
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Labayen I, Ortega FB, Moreno LA, Gonzalez-Gross M, Jimenez-Pavon D, Martínez-Gómez D, Breidenassel C, Marcos A, Molnar D, Manios Y, Plada M, Kafatos A, De Henauw S, Mauro B, Zaccaria M, Widhalm K, Gottrand F, Castillo MJ, Sjöström M, Ruiz JR. Physical activity attenuates the negative effect of low birth weight on leptin levels in European adolescents; the HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:344-349. [PMID: 22397877 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether physical activity (PA) influences the association between birth weight and serum leptin in adolescents. The study comprised a total of 538 adolescents (315 girls), aged 12.5-17.49 years, born at term (≥ 37 weeks of gestation). We measured serum leptin levels and time engaged in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) by accelerometry. There was an interaction effect between birth weight and meeting the PA recommendations (60 min/day MVPA) on leptin levels in girls (P = 0.023) but not in boys (P = 0.809). Birth weight was negatively associated with leptin levels in girls not meeting the PA recommendations (i.e. more than 60 min/day of MVPA) (β = -0.096, P = 0.009), whereas no significant association was observed in those meeting the PA recommendations (β = -0.061, P = 0.433). In conclusion, meeting the PA recommendations may attenuate the negative effect of low birth weight on serum leptin levels in European female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
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31
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Laguna M, Ruiz JR, Lara MT, Aznar S. Recommended levels of physical activity to avoid adiposity in Spanish children. Pediatr Obes 2013; 8:62-9. [PMID: 22961693 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED What is already known about this subject There is an association between adiposity levels and physical activity guidelines for adolescents. Achieving physical activity recommendations helps adolescents to prevent obesity status. What this study adds This paper presents an association between physical activity levels and obesity status. This paper supports physical activity recommendations to avoid children's obesity levels. This paper emphasizes vigorous physical activity for this matter. BACKGROUND There is no information about physical activity (PA) recommendations to avoid children's obesity levels and how much of vigorous PA (VPA) is included into the '60 minutes of MVPA 5 days a week' recommendation for children. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between PA and adiposity in children and to examine whether the current PA guidelines are associated with a low risk of having excess of body fat in children, with special focus on sex differences, and PA intensity. METHODS A sample of 439 Spanish children aged 8-10 years from the European Youth Heart Study participated in the study. The variables measured were anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, body mass index [BMI], skin-folds and waist circumference) and PA was measured during 6 consecutive days using the GT1M accelerometer. RESULTS Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed significant cut-off points associated with non-overweight: 45 min d(-1) of VPA and 67 min d(-1) of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (using BMI categories); and non-fat: 41 min d(-1) of VPA and 67 min d(-1) of MVPA (using percentage of body fat) and 38 min d(-1) of VPA and 47 min d(-1) of MVPA (using waist circumference categories) for boys. For girls, the optimal cut-offs of moderate-to-vigorous activity and MVPA associated with non-overweight were 24 and 57 min d(-1) , respectively (BMI). Boys who did not meet 67 min in MVPA had an increased risk of being overweight + obese and overfat + obese (odds ratio [OR] = 2.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 4.53, and OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.12, 5.82). CONCLUSIONS The findings support current PA recommendations (60 min d(-1) of MVPA) to avoid excess of body fat in Spanish children. However, VPA appears to be an important component for the prevention of obesity, and our findings suggest that PA recommendations should specify the dose of VPA required for optimal health. Therefore, public health PA recommendations should incorporate specifically a greater dose of VPA into the total amount of MVPA in 8- to 10-year-old boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laguna
- PAFS-UCLM Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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32
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Segura-Jiménez V, Carbonell-Baeza A, Aparicio VA, Samos B, Femia P, Ruiz JR, Delgado-Fernández M. A warm water pool-based exercise program decreases immediate pain in female fibromyalgia patients: uncontrolled clinical trial. Int J Sports Med 2012; 34:600-5. [PMID: 23258608 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1329991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic and extended musculoskeletal pain. The combination of exercise therapy with the warm water may be an appropriate treatment. However, studies focusing on the analysis of immediate pain during and after an exercise session are rare. This study aimed to determine the immediate changes of a warm water pool-based exercise program (12 weeks) on pain (before vs. after session) in female fibromyalgia patients. 33 Spanish women with fibromyalgia were selected to participate in a 12 weeks (2 sessions/week) low-moderate intensity warm water pool-based program. We assessed pain by means of a Visual Analogue Scale before and after each single session (i. e., 24 sessions). We observed immediate benefits on pain with a mean decrease ~15% in all sessions, except in the fourth one. There was an association of pain difference (pre-post) session with pain pre session (p=0.005; β=0.097±0.034) and with age (p<0.001; β=0.032±0.008). There were no significant accumulative differences on pain, pre session, post session, and pre-post changes (all p>0.05). Therefore this study showed that a warm water pool-based exercise program for 12 weeks (2 times/week) led to a positive immediate decrease in level of pain in female patients with fibromyalgia. Improvements were higher in older women and in those with more intense pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Segura-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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33
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Cuenca-García M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, González-Gross M, Labayen I, Jago R, Martínez-Gómez D, Dallongeville J, Bel-Serrat S, Marcos A, Manios Y, Breidenassel C, Widhalm K, Gottrand F, Ferrari M, Kafatos A, Molnár D, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Castillo MJ, Sjöström M. Combined influence of healthy diet and active lifestyle on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2012; 24:553-62. [PMID: 23237548 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the combined influence of diet quality and physical activity on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents, adolescents (n = 1513; 12.5-17.5 years) participating in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study were studied. Dietary intake was registered using a 24-h recall and a diet quality index was calculated. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry. Lifestyle groups were computed as: healthy diet and active, unhealthy diet but active, healthy diet but inactive, and unhealthy diet and inactive. CVD risk factor measurements included cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity indicators, blood lipid profile, blood pressure, and insulin resistance. A CVD risk score was computed. The healthy diet and active group had a healthier cardiorespiratory profile, fat mass index (FMI), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (all P ≤ 0.05). Overall, active adolescents showed higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower FMI, TC/HDL-C ratio, and homeostasis model assessment index and healthier blood pressure than their inactive peers with either healthy or unhealthy diet (all P ≤ 0.05). Healthy diet and active group had healthier CVD risk score compared with the inactive groups (all P ≤ 0.02). Thus, a combination of healthy diet and active lifestyle is associated with decreased CVD risk in adolescents. Moreover, an active lifestyle may reduce the adverse consequences of an unhealthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cuenca-García
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Institute of Karolinska, Huddinge, Sweden
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Ruiz JR, España Romero V, Castro Piñero J, Artero EG, Ortega FB, Cuenca García M, Jiménez Pavón D, Chillón P, Girela Rejón MJ, Mora J, Gutiérrez A, Suni J, Sjöstrom M, Castillo MJ. [ALPHA-fitness test battery: health-related field-based fitness tests assessment in children and adolescents]. NUTR HOSP 2012; 26:1210-4. [PMID: 22411362 DOI: 10.1590/s0212-16112011000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereby we summarize the work developed by the ALPHA (Assessing Levels of Physical Activity) Study and describe the tests included in the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. The evidence-based ALPHA-Fitness test battery include the following tests: 1) the 20 m shuttle run test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness; 2) the handgrip strength and 3) standing broad jump to assess musculoskeletal fitness, and 4) body mass index, 5) waist circumference; and 6) skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) to assess body composition. Furthermore, we include two versions: 1) the high priority ALPHA health-related fitness test battery, which comprises all the evidence-based fitness tests except the measurement of the skinfold thickness; and 2) the extended ALPHA health-related fitness tests battery for children and adolescents, which includes all the evidence-based fitness tests plus the 4 x 10 m shuttle run test to assess motor fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ruiz
- Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Ciencias de Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
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35
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Rey-López JP, Ruiz JR, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Gracia-Marco L, Manios Y, Sjöström M, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Moreno LA. Physical activity does not attenuate the obesity risk of TV viewing in youth. Pediatr Obes 2012; 7:240-50. [PMID: 22434777 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2011.00021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association of television (TV) time, the frequency of meals while watching TV and the presence of TV set in the bedroom with total and abdominal obesity and to assess whether physical activity (PA) attenuates the obesity risk of TV viewing. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from 2200 adolescents (46% boys) from 10 European cities, The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study, between 2006 and 2007. TV viewing, PA (by accelerometry) and body composition were measured. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Even adjusting by vigorous PA, TV in the bedroom (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.74) and >4 h d(-1) TV during week days (OR: 1.30, 95% CI, 1.02-1.67) (in boys) and eating every day with TV (OR: 1.18, 95% CI, 1.07-1.30) and >2 h d(-1) TV during weekend days (OR: 1.68, 95% CI, 1.25-2.26) (in girls) were significantly associated with total obesity. Likewise, in both sexes, having a TV set at bedroom was significantly associated with abdominal obesity. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents spending excessive TV time are prone to obesity independently of their PA levels. Families should put TV sets out of adolescents' bedroom and keep TV sets off during meal times.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Rey-López
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Aparicio VA, Ortega FB, Carbonell-Baeza A, Fernández M, Senhaji M, Ruiz JR, Errami M, Delgado-Fernández M, Aranda P. Fitness, fatness and cardiovascular profile in South Spanish and North Moroccan women. NUTR HOSP 2012; 27:227-31. [PMID: 22566326 DOI: 10.1590/s0212-16112012000100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied the differences on physical fitness, fatness and cardiovascular profile in Spanish and Moroccan women. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 63 and 58 women aged 45-65 years from South of Spain and North of Morocco, respectively. We assessed fitness and body composition using standard procedures. We also assessed resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Moroccan women had a better performance in the main health-related physical fitness components, i.e. higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (P = 0.01) and (lower-body) muscular strength (P < 0.001). Diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.004), RHR and total cholesterol (both P = 0.04) were lower in Moroccan women. No differences were observed in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The women from Morocco had a healthier fitness and cardiovascular profile than the women from Spain. Further research on physical fitness and other health indicators in understudied populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Aparicio VA, Ortega FB, Carbonell Baeza A, Fernández MM, Senhaji M, Ruiz JR, Errami M, Delgado Fernández M, Aranda P. Fitness, fatness and cardiovascular profile in South Spanish and North Moroccan women. NUTR HOSP 2012; 26:1188-92. [PMID: 22072372 DOI: 10.1590/s0212-16112011000500040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We studied the differences on physical fitness, fatness and cardiovascular profile in Spanish and Moroccan women. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 63 and 58 women aged 45-65 years from South of Spain and North of Morocco, respectively. We assessed fitness and body composition using standard procedures. We also assessed resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Moroccan women had a better performance in the main health-related physical fitness components, i.e. higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (P=0.01) and (lower-body) muscular strength (P<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure (P=0.004), RHR and total cholesterol (both P=0.04) were lower in Moroccan women. No differences were observed in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The women from Morocco had a healthier fitness and cardiovascular profile than the women from Spain. Further research on physical fitness and other health indicators in understudied populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Ruiz JR, Lasa A, Simon E, Larrarte E, Labayen I. Lower plasma NAMPT/visfatin levels are associated with impaired hepatic mitochondrial function in non-diabetic obese women: a potential link between obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:e1-e2. [PMID: 22227071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Castro-Piñeiro J, Ortega FB, Keating XD, González-Montesinos JL, Sjöstrom M, Ruiz JR. Percentile values for aerobic performance running/walking field tests in children aged 6 to 17 years: influence of weight status. NUTR HOSP 2012; 26:572-8. [PMID: 21892577 DOI: 10.1590/s0212-16112011000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide percentiles values for four different aerobic performance tests in 2752 (1,261 girls) Spanish children aged 6 to 17.9 years. Aerobic performance was assessed by the shuttle run test (20 mSRT), 1-mile, 1/2-mile and 1/4-mile run/walk tests. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index was calculated. Boys had significantly better score than girls in the studied tests in all age groups, except in 1/4-mile test in 6-7 year old children. Underweight children had similar performance than their normalweight counterparts, and underweight boys had better performance than their obese counterparts. Overweight and obese children had lower performance than their normalweight counterparts. Having percentile values of the most used field tests to measure aerobic performance in youth may help to identify children and adolescents at risk for the major chronic diseases, as well as to evaluate the effects of alternative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castro-Piñeiro
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain.
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Aparicio VA, Carbonell-Baeza A, Ortega FB, Estevez F, Ruiz JR, Delgado-Fernández M. Usefulness of tenderness to characterise fibromyalgia severity in women. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011; 29:S28-S33. [PMID: 21813058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the usefulness of tenderness (tender points count (TPC) and algometer score) to characterise fibromyalgia (FM) severity and symptomatology in women. METHODS The study sample comprised 174 women aged 51±7 years. We ossesse tenderness using pressure algometry; quality of life by means of the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We used the FM impact questionnaire (FIQ) to assess FM severity and symptomatology. Patients were categorised according to three FIQ-derived categories: FIQ<70 vs. ≥70; FIQ<59 vs. ≥59; and FM-type I and II. RESULTS TPC was significantly higher in the group of patients with FIQ≥59 (16.9±2 vs. 15.6±4, p=0.02), whereas no differences between groups were observed according to FIQ≥70 (17.0±2 vs. 16.2±3, p=0.12) or FM type (16.8±3 for type II vs. 15.9±4 for type I, p=0.13). We observed a significant association between TPC and FIQ-job difficulty, pain, morning tiredness and stiffness dimensions (all p<0.05), yet it was not correlated with total score of FIQ, FIQ-anxiety, fatigue and depression dimensions (all p>0.05). Algometer score was lower in the FIQ≥70 (45.7±12 vs. 51.1±14, p=0.05) and FIQ≥59 (46.7±13 vs. 52.7±14, p=0.05) groups, and there were no difference between FM types (48.7±13 vs. 49.5±14 for type II and I respectively, p=0.81). Algometer score was not associated with total score of FIQ or FIQ dimensions (all p≥0.1). CONCLUSIONS Widespread pain and pain hypersensitivity, as measured by TPC and algometer score, do not seem to be useful to characterise FM severity and symptomatology (measured by FIQ) in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aparicio
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
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Carbonell-Baeza A, Aparicio VA, Chillón P, Femia P, Delgado-Fernandez M, Ruiz JR. Effectiveness of multidisciplinary therapy on symptomatology and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011; 29:S97-S103. [PMID: 22243556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the effects of a 3-month multidisciplinary intervention based on exercise and psychological therapy on symptomatology and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia. METHODS Seventy-five women with fibromyalgia volunteered to participate and were allocated to a 3-month (3-times/week) multidisciplinary (pool, land-based and psychological session based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) intervention (n=41), or to a usual care group (n=34). Sixty-five women with fibromyalgia completed the study protocol (n=33 multidisciplinary intervention, aged 51.4±7.4 years and n=32 usual care group, aged 50.0±7.3 years). The outcomes variables were Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS We observed a significant interaction effect (group*time) for the FIQ total score, the subscales fatigue, stiffness, anxiety and depression, and the subscales of SF-36 physical role, bodily pain, vitality and social functioning. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant improvements in total score of FIQ (p<0.001), fatigue (p=0.001), stiffness (p<0.001), anxiety (p=0.011), depression (p=0.008), physical role (p=0.002), bodily pain (p<0.001), vitality (p<0.001) and social functioning (p<0.001) in the intervention group, whereas in the control group, there was a significant worsening in the subscale depression (p=0.006) and social functioning (p=0.019). CONCLUSIONS A 3-month low-moderate intensity multidisciplinary intervention improved fibromyalgia symptomatology and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carbonell-Baeza
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Aparicio VA, Ortega FB, Carbonell-Baeza A, Gatto-Cardia C, Sjöström M, Ruiz JR, Delgado-Fernández M. Fibromyalgia's key symptoms in normal-weight, overweight, and obese female patients. Pain Manag Nurs 2011; 14:268-276. [PMID: 24315250 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Factors affecting the symptomatology of fibromyalgia (FM) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship of weight status with pain, fatigue, and stiffness in Spanish female FM patients, with special focus on the differences between overweight and obese patients. The sample comprised 177 Spanish women with FM (51.3 ± 7.3 years old). We assessed tenderness (using pressure algometry), pain and vitality using the General Health Short-Form Survey (SF36), and pain, fatigue, morning tiredness, and stiffness using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). The international criteria for body mass index was used to classify the patients as normal weight, overweight, or obese. Thirty-two percent were normal-weight, 35% overweight, and 32% obese. Both overweight and obese patients had higher levels of pain than normal-weight patients, as assessed by FIQ and SF36 questionnaires and tender point count (p < .01). The same pattern was observed for algometer score, yet the differences were not significant. Both overweight and obese patients had higher levels of fatigue, and morning tiredness, and stiffness (p < .05) and less vitality than normal-weight patients. No significant differences were observed in any of the variables studied between overweight and obese patients. In conclusion, FM symptomatology in obese patients did not differ from overweight patients, whereas normal-weight patients significantly differed from overweight and obese patients in the studied symptoms. These findings suggest that keeping a healthy (normal) weight is not only associated with decreased risk for developing FM but might also be a relevant and useful way of improving FM symptomatology in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aparicio
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Physiology and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - F B Ortega
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A Carbonell-Baeza
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Education, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - C Gatto-Cardia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Sjöström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden
| | - J R Ruiz
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden
| | - M Delgado-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Garaulet M, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Rey-López JP, Béghin L, Manios Y, Cuenca-García M, Plada M, Diethelm K, Kafatos A, Molnár D, Al-Tahan J, Moreno LA. Short sleep duration is associated with increased obesity markers in European adolescents: effect of physical activity and dietary habits. The HELENA study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35:1308-17. [PMID: 21792170 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate sleep is a critical factor for adolescent's health and health-related behaviors. OBJECTIVE (a) to describe sleep duration in European adolescents from nine countries, (b) to assess the association of short sleep duration with excess adiposity and (c) to elucidate if physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors and/or inadequate food habits underlie this association. DESIGN A sample of 3311 adolescents (1748 girls) aged 12.5-17.49 years from 10 European cities in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden was assessed in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Study between 2006 and 2008. We measured anthropometric data, sleep duration, PA (accelerometers and questionnaire), television watching and food habits (Food Frequency Questionnaire). RESULTS Average duration of daily sleep was 8 h. Shorter sleepers showed higher values of BMI, body fat, waist and hip circumferences and fat mass index (P<0.05), particularly in females. Adolescents who slept <8 h per day were more sedentary, as assessed by accelerometry, and spent more time watching TV (P<0.05). The proportion of adolescents who eat adequate amounts of fruits, vegetables and fish was lower in shorter sleepers than in adolescents who slept ≥8 h per day, and so was the probability of having adequate food habits (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that short sleep is associated with higher obesity parameters. CONCLUSIONS In European adolescents, short sleep duration is associated with higher adiposity markers, particularly in female adolescents. This association seems to be related to both sides of the energy balance equation due to a combination of increased food intake and more sedentary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, Murcia, Spain.
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Labayen I, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Harro J, Merenäkk L, Oja L, Veidebaum T, Sjostrom M. Insulin sensitivity at childhood predicts changes in total and central adiposity over a 6-year period. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 35:1284-8. [PMID: 21587202 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of insulin resistance at childhood with adiposity changes over a 6-year period (from 9 to 15 years) in a sample of 659 Swedish and Estonian children (52.7% girls) participating in the European Youth Heart Study. RESEARCH, DESIGN AND METHODS We measured weight, height, waist circumference, biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, and medial calf skinfolds, and we calculated body mass index (BMI), sum of five skinfolds, and body fat percentage. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Changes in puberty stage, sex, centre and the corresponding baseline adiposity values were used as confounders in all analysis. RESULTS HOMA-IR at childhood was significantly and positively associated with changes in BMI (β=0.265; P=0.024), sum of five skinfolds (β=0.3445; P=0.003), body fat percentage (β=1.042; P=0.016) and waist circumference (β=0.806; P=0.002) from childhood to adolescence. These relationships persisted when overweight children were excluded from the analysis. BMI, sum of five skinfolds, body fat percentage and waist circumference at childhood were not significantly associated with changes in HOMA-IR (P for all >0.1). CONCLUSIONS These results give further support to the concept that lower insulin sensitivity at childhood may predict subsequent total and central adiposity gain at adolescence. These findings enhance the role of insulin sensitivity as a target of obesity prevention already from the first decades of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, Vitoria, Spain.
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Gómez AM, Martínez C, Fiuza-Luces C, Herrero F, Pérez M, Madero L, Ruiz JR, Lucia A, Ramírez M. Exercise training and cytokines in breast cancer survivors. Int J Sports Med 2011; 32:461-7. [PMID: 21380980 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1271697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effects of an 8-week (aerobic+strength) exercise training program (3 sessions/week) on the circulating cytokine levels of breast cancer survivors. We randomly allocated 16 female survivors of breast cancer (mean±SD age: 50±5 years) to an intervention or usual care (control) group (N=8 in each group). The intervention group followed an 8-week exercise program consisting of 3 sessions/week (session duration: 90 min). We measured the levels of the following cytokines before and after the intervention: beta-NGF, CTACK, eotaxin, FGF basic, G-CSF, gmCSFα, HGF, ICAM1, IFNα2, IFNγ, IL1α, IL1ß, IL1ra, IL2, IL2ra, IL3, IL4, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL9, IL10, IL12, IL13, IL15, IL16, IL17, IL18, IP10, LIF, MCS-F, MIP1α, MIP1β, MIF, MCP1, MCP3, MIG, PDGF bb, SCF, SCGFβ, SDF1α, TRAIL, TNFα, TNFβ, VCAM1, and VEGF. We only observed a significant interaction (group*time) effect for CTACK ( P=0.016), with mean values remaining stable in the intervention group but increasing over time in controls. The intervention program did not induce a significant decrease in the main breast cancer-related cytokines such as IL6 and IL8. A combined (aerobic+strength) 8-week exercise training intervention did not induce major changes in the basal cytokine levels of breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gómez
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Oncologia, Madrid, Spain
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Gracia-Marco L, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Valtueña J, Rey-López JP, Díaz Martínez AE, Mesana MI, Widhalm K, Ruiz JR, González-Gross M, Castillo MJ, Moreno LA. Bone mass and bone metabolism markers during adolescence: The HELENA Study. Horm Res Paediatr 2011; 74:339-50. [PMID: 20664177 DOI: 10.1159/000314965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The assessment of bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) status in children and adolescents is important for health and the prevention of diseases. Bone metabolic activity could provide early information on bone mass development. Our aim was to describe bone mass and metabolism markers according to age and Tanner stage in adolescents. METHODS Spanish adolescents (n = 345; 168 males and 177 females) aged 12.5-17.5 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Body composition variables were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum osteocalcin (n = 101), aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (n = 92) and β-isomerized C-telopeptides (β-CTX, n = 65) and urine samples (β-CTX; n = 237) were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed that females had higher values for BMC and BMD in most of the regions. Both males and females had a significant decrease in bone markers while sexual maturation increases (all p < 0.05). Males had an increased bone turnover compared to females (all p < 0.05, except for urine β-CTX in Tanner ≤IV). CONCLUSION Our results support the evidence of dimorphic site-specific bone accretion between sexes and show an increased bone turnover in males, suggesting higher metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gracia-Marco
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Artero EG, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J, Ortega FB, Suni J, Castillo-Garzon MJ, Ruiz JR. Reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. Int J Sports Med 2010; 32:159-69. [PMID: 21165805 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to study the reliability of the existing field-based fitness tests intended for use with children and adolescents. The medical electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS and SPORTS DISCUS were screened for papers published from January 1990 to December 2009. Each study was classified as high, low or very low quality according to the description of the participants, the time interval between measurements, the description of the results and the appropriateness of statistics. 3 levels of evidence were constructed according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. 32 studies were finally included in the present review. The reliability of tests assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (9 studies), musculoskeletal fitness (12 studies), motor fitness (3 studies), and body composition (10 studies) was investigated. Although some fitness components warrant further investigation, this review provides an evidence-based proposal for most reliable field-based fitness tests for use with children and adolescents: 20-m shuttle run test to measure cardiorespiratory fitness; handgrip strength and standing broad jump tests to measure musculoskeletal fitness; 4×10 m shuttle run test for motor fitness; and height, weight, BMI, skinfolds, circumferences and percentage body fat estimated from skinfold thickness to measure body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Artero
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida Madrid s/n, Granada, Spain.
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Ruiz JR, Eynon N, Meckel Y, Fiuza-Luces C, Santiago C, Gómez-Gallego F, Oliveira J, Lucia A. GNB3 C825T Polymorphism and elite athletic status: A replication study with two ethnic groups. Int J Sports Med 2010; 32:151-3. [PMID: 21110287 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to replicate the original findings by Eynon et al. showing an association between the T allele of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism and elite endurance athletic status, in larger cohorts and in other ethnicities. We compared allelic and genotypic frequencies of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism among non-athletic controls (N=340), elite endurance athletes (N=174), and power athletes (N=134). The population sample included participants from 2 different ethnic/geographic backgrounds (Israel and Spain). We observed no significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies between countries or groups (all P>0.1). The odds ratio (OR) of being an endurance athlete if the subject had a T allele was 0.841 (95%CI: 0.638-1.110) compared to the control group and 1.047 (95% CI: 0.751-1.461) compared to the power group. Our findings support the need to corroborate genotype:phenotype associations in the field of sports genetics with the largest possible population samples, including populations of different ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ruiz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Huddinge, Sweden
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Aparicio VA, Carbonell-Baeza A, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Heredia JM, Delgado-Fernández M. Handgrip strength in men with fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28:S78-S81. [PMID: 21176425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of muscular strength, as measured by handgrip strength test (HGs), with the presence/absence of fibromyalgia (FM) and FM severity in men. METHODS A total of 20 men (age, (mean age±standard deviation) of 48.0±8.0 years) with FM and 60 healthy subjects (age, 49.5±7.3 years) participated in the study. The HGs was measured by a maximal isometric test using a dynamometer with adjustable grip in both hands, and the average score was used in the analysis. All FM patients completed the Spanish version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Patients were classified as having moderate FM if the FIQ was <70 and as having severe FM if the FIQ was ≥70. RESULTS HGs was ~17% lower in FM patients compared to healthy men (p=0.005) and ~27% lower in men with severe FM compared to those with moderate FM (p=0.03). Age-adjusted logistic regression models showed that 1 kilogram increment in HGs was associated with an 8% reduced risk of having FM (OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.97, p=0.002). In the FM group, 1 kilogram increment in HGs was associated with a 13% reduced risk for having severe FM (OR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.76-0.99, p=0.04). HGs was negatively associated with pain, fatigue, stiffness and with the total score from the FIQ (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HGs is reduced in male FM patients and is inversely related to FM severity and symptomatology. HGs testing could be used as a complementary tool in the assessment and monitoring of FM. Further research on male FM patients is needed to confirm or contrast these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Aparicio
- Department of Physical Activity, School of Sports Sciences, University of Granada, Spain.
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Abstract
Whoever breaks 2 h will likely have outstanding running economy and small body size along with exposure to high altitude and significant physical activity early in life. However, neither of these factors nor any specific suite of genotypes appear to be obligatory for a time this fast. Current trends suggest that an East African will be the first to break 2 h. However periods of regional dominance in distance running are not unique to the East Africans: athletes from Finland, Eastern Europe, Australia, and New Zealand have all had extended periods of success at a range of distances. From a physiological perspective, more information is clearly needed on the relationship between VO(2max) and running economy and the influence of running economy and body size on thermoregulation and fuel use.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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