1
|
Ong JF, Ghenuche P, Turcu ICE, Pukhov A, Tanaka KA. Ultra-high-pressure generation in the relativistic transparency regime in laser-irradiated nanowire arrays. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:065208. [PMID: 37464686 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.065208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
We show that an ultra-high-pressure plasma can be generated when an aligned nanowire is irradiated by a laser with relativistic transparent intensity. Using a particle-in-cell simulation, we demonstrate that the expanded plasma following the z pinch becomes relativistically transparent and compressed longitudinally by the oscillating component of the ponderomotive force. The compressed structure persists throughout the pulse duration with a maximum pressure of 40Tbar when irradiated with a laser at an intensity of 10^{23}Wcm^{-2}, 5× higher than the z-pinch pressure. These results suggest an alternative approach to extending the current attainable pressure in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Ong
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - P Ghenuche
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - I C Edmond Turcu
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
- UKRI/STFC Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A Pukhov
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K A Tanaka
- Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, RO-077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Budriga O, Ionel LE, Tatomirescu D, Tanaka KA. Enhancement of laser-focused intensity greater than 10 times through a re-entrant cone in the petawatt regime. Opt Lett 2020; 45:3454-3457. [PMID: 32630870 DOI: 10.1364/ol.395316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A versatile method to enhance the laser pulse intensity by one order of magnitude from 8×1020W/cm2 using a single plastic micro-cone target is proposed in this Letter. We found an increase of the initial laser pulse intensity by more than 10 times for a micro-cone tip diameter of 5 µm upon performing two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Numerical simulations of the spatio-temporal electromagnetic field distribution are used to replicate similar dependence of the maximum laser intensity to the cone tip diameter.
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong T, Habara H, Sumioka K, Yoshimoto M, Hayashi Y, Kawazu S, Otsuki T, Matsumoto T, Minami T, Abe K, Aizawa K, Enmei Y, Fujita Y, Ikegami A, Makiyama H, Okazaki K, Okida K, Tsukamoto T, Arikawa Y, Fujioka S, Iwasa Y, Lee S, Nagatomo H, Shiraga H, Yamanoi K, Wei MS, Tanaka KA. Direct observation of imploded core heating via fast electrons with super-penetration scheme. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5614. [PMID: 31819056 PMCID: PMC6901506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast ignition (FI) is a promising approach for high-energy-gain inertial confinement fusion in the laboratory. To achieve ignition, the energy of a short-pulse laser is required to be delivered efficiently to the pre-compressed fuel core via a high-energy electron beam. Therefore, understanding the transport and energy deposition of this electron beam inside the pre-compressed core is the key for FI. Here we report on the direct observation of the electron beam transport and deposition in a compressed core through the stimulated Cu Kα emission in the super-penetration scheme. Simulations reproducing the experimental measurements indicate that, at the time of peak compression, about 1% of the short-pulse energy is coupled to a relatively low-density core with a radius of 70 μm. Analysis with the support of 2D particle-in-cell simulations uncovers the key factors improving this coupling efficiency. Our findings are of critical importance for optimizing FI experiments in a super-penetration scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gong
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - K Sumioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Kawazu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Otsuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Aizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Enmei
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Fujita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Ikegami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Makiyama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Okazaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Okida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Fujioka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Iwasa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Lee
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Nagatomo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Yamanoi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623-1299, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Extreme Light Infrastructure: Nuclear Physics, 30 Reatorului, Magurele-Bucharest, 077125, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Habara H, Iwawaki T, Gong T, Wei MS, Ivancic ST, Theobald W, Krauland CM, Zhang S, Fiksel G, Tanaka KA. A ten-inch manipulator (TIM) based fast-electron spectrometer with multiple viewing angles (OU-ESM). Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:063501. [PMID: 31255022 DOI: 10.1063/1.5088529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of angularly resolved energy distributions of mega-electron-volt electrons is important for gaining a better understanding of the interaction of ultra-intense laser pulses with plasma, especially for fast-ignition laser-fusion research. It is also crucial when evaluating the production of suprathermal (several 10-keV) electrons through laser-plasma instabilities in conventional hot-spot-ignition and shock-ignition research. For these purposes, we developed a 10-in. manipulator-based multichannel electron spectrometer-the Osaka University electron spectrometer (OU-ESM)-that combines angular resolution with high-energy resolution. The OU-ESM consists of five small electron spectrometers set at every 5°, with an energy range from ∼40 keV to ∼40 MeV. A low-magnetic-field option provides a higher spectral resolution for an energy range of up to ∼5 MeV. We successfully obtained angularly resolved electron spectra for various experiments on the OMEGA and OMEGA EP laser systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
| | - T Gong
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
| | - M S Wei
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - S T Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - C M Krauland
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121-1122, USA
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - G Fiksel
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565 0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tanaka KA, Bharadwaj S, Hasan S, Judd M, Abuelkasem E, Henderson RA, Chow JH, Williams B, Mazzeffi MA, Crimmins SD, Malinow AM. Elevated fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and Factor VIII confer resistance to dilutional coagulopathy and activated protein C in normal pregnant women. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:751-759. [PMID: 30916034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational changes in coagulation factor concentrations include elevations in fibrinogen, Factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor (vWF). We hypothesised that blood samples from term pregnant (TP) subjects are less prone to coagulation disturbances from haemodilution compared with those from non-pregnant (NP) females. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 15 NP and 15 TP subjects. In vitro haemodilution with normal saline was assessed by modified Clauss fibrinogen assay, factor activity, flow-chamber assay, and thromboelastometry. The impact of human fibrinogen concentrate (hFC), cryoprecipitate, and vWF/Factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate replacement in diluted TP and NP blood was compared. Thrombin generation and activated protein C sensitivity were assessed. RESULTS TP blood contained twice the concentrations of fibrinogen, FVIII, and vWF relative to NP blood (P<0.0001). Platelet thrombus formation (PTF) under flow was reduced by 99.2% and 69.2% in diluted NP and TP blood, respectively. Platelet thrombus formation was partially restored by adding vWF/FVIII, but not hFC or cryoprecipitate. Fibrin clot firmness approached the threshold of 10 mm in diluted NP blood, and clot firmness was effectively restored by hFC, but not by vWF/FVIII. In the presence of thrombomodulin, peak thrombin generation was decreased by 86.7% in NP plasma, but by 31.8% in TP plasma (P<0.0001 vs NP plasma), indicating reduced activated protein C sensitivity in TP plasma. Both elevated FVIII and haemodilution contributed to activated protein C insensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro model showed relative resistance of TP blood to dilutional coagulation changes with respect to platelet adhesion, fibrin polymerisation, and thrombin generation. Careful therapeutic monitoring for different pro-haemostatic agents in pregnant women is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - S Bharadwaj
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Hasan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Judd
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Abuelkasem
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - R A Henderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J H Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Mazzeffi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S D Crimmins
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Services, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A M Malinow
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gales S, Tanaka KA, Balabanski DL, Negoita F, Stutman D, Tesileanu O, Ur CA, Ursescu D, Andrei I, Ataman S, Cernaianu MO, D'Alessi L, Dancus I, Diaconescu B, Djourelov N, Filipescu D, Ghenuche P, Ghita DG, Matei C, Seto K, Zeng M, Zamfir NV. The extreme light infrastructure-nuclear physics (ELI-NP) facility: new horizons in physics with 10 PW ultra-intense lasers and 20 MeV brilliant gamma beams. Rep Prog Phys 2018; 81:094301. [PMID: 29952755 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aacfe8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) has selected in 2006 a proposal based on ultra-intense laser fields with intensities reaching up to 1022-1023 W cm-2 called 'ELI' for Extreme Light Infrastructure. The construction of a large-scale laser-centred, distributed pan-European research infrastructure, involving beyond the state-of-the-art ultra-short and ultra-intense laser technologies, received the approval for funding in 2011-2012. The three pillars of the ELI facility are being built in Czech Republic, Hungary and Romania. The Romanian pillar is ELI-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP). The new facility is intended to serve a broad national, European and International science community. Its mission covers scientific research at the frontier of knowledge involving two domains. The first one is laser-driven experiments related to nuclear physics, strong-field quantum electrodynamics and associated vacuum effects. The second is based on a Compton backscattering high-brilliance and intense low-energy gamma beam (<20 MeV), a marriage of laser and accelerator technology which will allow us to investigate nuclear structure and reactions as well as nuclear astrophysics with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. In addition to fundamental themes, a large number of applications with significant societal impact are being developed. The ELI-NP research centre will be located in Măgurele near Bucharest, Romania. The project is implemented by 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH). The project started in January 2013 and the new facility will be fully operational by the end of 2019. After a short introduction to multi-PW lasers and multi-MeV brilliant gamma beam scientific and technical description of the future ELI-NP facility as well as the present status of its implementation of ELI-NP, will be presented. The science and examples of societal applications at reach with these electromagnetic probes with much improved performances provided at this new facility will be discussed with a special focus on day-one experiments and associated novel instrumentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gales
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), 'Horia Hulubei' National R&D Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), 30 Reactorului Street, 077125 Măgurele, jud. Ilfov, Romania. IPN Orsay, IN2P3-CNRS and University Paris-Sud, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ceurvorst L, Savin A, Ratan N, Kasim MF, Sadler J, Norreys PA, Habara H, Tanaka KA, Zhang S, Wei MS, Ivancic S, Froula DH, Theobald W. Channel optimization of high-intensity laser beams in millimeter-scale plasmas. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:043208. [PMID: 29758617 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.043208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Channeling experiments were performed at the OMEGA EP facility using relativistic intensity (>10^{18}W/cm^{2}) kilojoule laser pulses through large density scale length (∼390-570 μm) laser-produced plasmas, demonstrating the effects of the pulse's focal location and intensity as well as the plasma's temperature on the resulting channel formation. The results show deeper channeling when focused into hot plasmas and at lower densities, as expected. However, contrary to previous large-scale particle-in-cell studies, the results also indicate deeper penetration by short (10 ps), intense pulses compared to their longer-duration equivalents. This new observation has many implications for future laser-plasma research in the relativistic regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ceurvorst
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - A Savin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - N Ratan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - M F Kasim
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - J Sadler
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
| | - P A Norreys
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU United Kingdom
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX United Kingdom
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- ELI-NP/IFIN-HH, 30 Reactorului Street, Magurele, Ilfov County, P. O. Box MG-6, 077125 Romania
| | - S Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M S Wei
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tanaka KA, Hassanein A, Hirooka Y, Kono T, Misaki S, Ohishi T, Sunahara A, Tanaka S. Carbon Plume Stagnation: Platform for Vapor Shield Study. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Tanaka
- Purdue University, 500 Central Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A
| | - A. Hassanein
- Purdue University, 500 Central Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A
| | - Y. Hirooka
- National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Kono
- National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - S. Misaki
- National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Ohishi
- National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - A. Sunahara
- Institute for Laser Technology, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - S. Tanaka
- Ritsumeikan Univ. College. of Information Science and Engineering, Higashi 1-1-1, Noji, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hirooka Y, Oishi T, Sato H, Tanaka KA. Aerosol Formation and Hydrogen Co-Deposition by Colliding Ablation Plasma Plumes of Carbon. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Hirooka
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - T. Oishi
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Sato
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mima K, Azechi H, Johzaki Y, Kitagawa Y, Kodama R, Kozaki Y, Miyanaga N, Nagai K, Nagatomo H, Nakai M, Nishimura H, Norimatsu T, Shiraga H, Tanaka KA, Izawa Y, Nakao Y, Sakagami H. Present Status of Fast Ignition Research and Prospects of FIREX Project. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst05-a762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Azechi
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Johzaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Kitagawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - R. Kodama
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Kozaki
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N. Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K. Nagai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Nagatomo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M. Nakai
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Nishimura
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T. Norimatsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Shiraga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K. A. Tanaka
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Izawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y. Nakao
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H. Sakagami
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muroga T, Sze DK, Okuno K, Terai T, Kimura A, Kurtz RJ, Sagara A, Nygren R, Ueda Y, Doerner RP, Sharpe JP, Kunugi T, Morley NB, Hatano Y, Sokolov MA, Yamamoto T, Hasegawa A, Katoh Y, Ohno N, Tokunaga K, Konishi S, Fukada S, Calderoni P, Yokomine T, Messadek K, Oya Y, Hashimoto N, Hinoki T, Hashizume H, Norimatsu T, Shikama T, Stoller RE, Tanaka KA, Tillack MS. Midterm Summary of Japan-US Fusion Cooperation Program TITAN. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K. Okuno
- Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - T. Terai
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Y. Ueda
- Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N. Ohno
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Y. Oya
- Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruiz-Lopez M, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Ozaki N, Mitrofanov A, Albertazzi B, Hartley N, Matsuoka T, Ochante Y, Tange Y, Yabuuchi T, Habara T, Tanaka KA, Inubushi Y, Yabashi M, Nishikino M, Kawachi T, Pikuz S, Ishikawa T, Kodama R, Bleiner D. Coherent X-ray beam metrology using 2D high-resolution Fresnel-diffraction analysis. J Synchrotron Radiat 2017; 24:196-204. [PMID: 28009559 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516016568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct metrology of coherent short-wavelength beamlines is important for obtaining operational beam characteristics at the experimental site. However, since beam-time limitation imposes fast metrology procedures, a multi-parametric metrology from as low as a single shot is desirable. Here a two-dimensional (2D) procedure based on high-resolution Fresnel diffraction analysis is discussed and applied, which allowed an efficient and detailed beamline characterization at the SACLA XFEL. So far, the potential of Fresnel diffraction for beamline metrology has not been fully exploited because its high-frequency fringes could be only partly resolved with ordinary pixel-limited detectors. Using the high-spatial-frequency imaging capability of an irradiated LiF crystal, 2D information of the coherence degree, beam divergence and beam quality factor M2 were retrieved from simple diffraction patterns. The developed beam metrology was validated with a laboratory reference laser, and then successfully applied at a beamline facility, in agreement with the source specifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-Lopez
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Faenov
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Mitrofanov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - B Albertazzi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Hartley
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Matsuoka
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ochante
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Tange
- JASRI/SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Yabuuchi
- RIKEN Harima Institute, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - M Nishikino
- Kansai Photon Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Kawachi
- Kansai Photon Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Pikuz
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - R Kodama
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - D Bleiner
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen SN, Iwawaki T, Morita K, Antici P, Baton SD, Filippi F, Habara H, Nakatsutsumi M, Nicolaï P, Nazarov W, Rousseaux C, Starodubstev M, Tanaka KA, Fuchs J. Density and temperature characterization of long-scale length, near-critical density controlled plasma produced from ultra-low density plastic foam. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21495. [PMID: 26923471 PMCID: PMC4770428 DOI: 10.1038/srep21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce long-scale length (i.e. millimeter scale-length), homogeneous plasmas is of interest in studying a wide range of fundamental plasma processes. We present here a validated experimental platform to create and diagnose uniform plasmas with a density close or above the critical density. The target consists of a polyimide tube filled with an ultra low-density plastic foam where it was heated by x-rays, produced by a long pulse laser irradiating a copper foil placed at one end of the tube. The density and temperature of the ionized foam was retrieved by using x-ray radiography and proton radiography was used to verify the uniformity of the plasma. Plasma temperatures of 5-10 eV and densities around 10(21) cm(-3) are measured. This well-characterized platform of uniform density and temperature plasma is of interest for experiments using large-scale laser platforms conducting High Energy Density Physics investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S N Chen
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.,Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - K Morita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - P Antici
- La SAPIENZA, University of Rome, Dip. SBAI, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - S D Baton
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - F Filippi
- La SAPIENZA, University of Rome, Dip. SBAI, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.,European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL) GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux - CEA - CNRS, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - W Nazarov
- University of St Andrews, High Energy Laser Materials Laboratory, Unit 4, NTC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SR, UK
| | | | - M Starodubstev
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.,Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iwawaki T, Habara H, Yabuuchi T, Hata M, Sakagami H, Tanaka KA. Slowdown mechanisms of ultraintense laser propagation in critical density plasma. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:013106. [PMID: 26274293 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.013106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use one- and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to demonstrate that the propagation of an ultraintense laser (I=10(19)W/cm(2)) in critical density plasma can be interfered with by a high density plasma wall region generated at the propagation front. When the electron flow speed of the wall region exceeds a certain relativistic threshold, the region behaves as an overdense plasma due to a decrease of the effective critical density. The region forms then very small overdense plasma islands. The islands impede the propagation intermittently and slow down the propagation speed significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Yabuuchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - M Hata
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - H Sakagami
- Fundamental Physics Simulation Division, National Institute of Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ivancic S, Haberberger D, Habara H, Iwawaki T, Anderson KS, Craxton RS, Froula DH, Meyerhofer DD, Stoeckl C, Tanaka KA, Theobald W. Channeling of multikilojoule high-intensity laser beams in an inhomogeneous plasma. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:051101. [PMID: 26066111 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Channeling experiments were performed that demonstrate the transport of high-intensity (>10(18)W/cm(2)), multikilojoule laser light through a millimeter-sized, inhomogeneous (∼300-μm density scale length) laser-produced plasma up to overcritical density, which is an important step forward for the fast-ignition concept. The background plasma density and the density depression inside the channel were characterized with a novel optical probe system. The channel progression velocity was measured, which agrees well with theoretical predictions based on large scale particle-in-cell simulations, confirming scaling laws for the required channeling laser energy and laser pulse duration, which are important parameters for future integrated fast-ignition channeling experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Haberberger
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - K S Anderson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Uematsu Y, Ivancic S, Iwawaki T, Habara H, Lei AL, Theobald W, Tanaka KA. Measuring the strong electrostatic and magnetic fields with proton radiography for ultra-high intensity laser channeling on fast ignition. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E612. [PMID: 25430358 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the intense laser propagation and channel formation in dense plasma, we conducted an experiment with proton deflectometry on the OMEGA EP Laser facility. The proton image was analyzed by tracing the trajectory of mono-energetic protons, which provides understanding the electric and magnetic fields that were generated around the channel. The estimated field strengths (E ∼ 10(11) V/m and B ∼ 10(8) G) agree with the predictions from 2D-Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, indicating the feasibility of the proton deflectometry technique for over-critical density plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Uematsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Ivancic
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A L Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, 201800 Shanghai, China
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Haas T, Fries D, Tanaka KA, Asmis L, Curry NS, Schöchl H. Usefulness of standard plasma coagulation tests in the management of perioperative coagulopathic bleeding: is there any evidence? Br J Anaesth 2014; 114:217-24. [PMID: 25204698 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Standard laboratory coagulation tests (SLTs) such as prothrombin time/international normalized ratio or partial thromboplastin time are frequently used to assess coagulopathy and to guide haemostatic interventions. However, this has been challenged by numerous reports, including the current European guidelines for perioperative bleeding management, which question the utility and reliability of SLTs in this setting. Furthermore, the arbitrary definition of coagulopathy (i.e. SLTs are prolonged by more than 1.5-fold) has been questioned. The present study aims to review the evidence for the usefulness of SLTs to assess coagulopathy and to guide bleeding management in the perioperative and massive bleeding setting. Medline was searched for investigations using results of SLTs as a means to determine coagulopathy or to guide bleeding management, and the outcomes (i.e. blood loss, transfusion requirements, mortality) were reported. A total of 11 guidelines for management of massive bleeding or perioperative bleeding and 64 studies investigating the usefulness of SLTs in this setting were identified and were included for final data synthesis. Referenced evidence for the usefulness of SLTs was found in only three prospective trials, investigating a total of 108 patients (whereby microvascular bleeding was a rare finding). Furthermore, no data from randomized controlled trials support the use of SLTs. In contrast, numerous investigations have challenged the reliability of SLTs to assess coagulopathy or guide bleeding management. There is actually no sound evidence from well-designed studies that confirm the usefulness of SLTs for diagnosis of coagulopathy or to guide haemostatic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Haas
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Fries
- Department of General and Surgical Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, PUH C-215, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Asmis
- Unilabs, Coagulation Lab and Centre for Perioperative Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Hufgasse 17, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N S Curry
- Oxford Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - H Schöchl
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AUVA Trauma Centre, Salzburg Academic Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Guzzetta NA, Szlam F, Kiser AS, Fernandez JD, Szlam AD, Leong T, Tanaka KA. Augmentation of thrombin generation in neonates undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Br J Anaesth 2013; 112:319-27. [PMID: 24193321 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Factor concentrates are currently available and becoming increasingly used off-label for treatment of bleeding. We compared recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) with three-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (3F-PCC) for the ability to augment thrombin generation (TG) in neonatal plasma after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). First, we used a computer-simulated coagulation model to assess the impact of rFVIIa and 3F-PCC, and then performed similar measurements ex vivo using plasma from neonates undergoing CPB. METHODS Simulated TG was computed according to the coagulation factor levels from umbilical cord plasma and the therapeutic levels of rFVIIa, 3F-PCC, or both. Subsequently, 11 neonates undergoing cardiac surgery were enrolled. Two blood samples were obtained from each neonate: pre-CPB and post-CPB after platelet and cryoprecipitate transfusion. The post-CPB products sample was divided into control (no treatment), control plus rFVIIa (60 nM), and control plus 3F-PCC (0.3 IU ml(-1)) aliquots. Three parameters of TG were measured ex vivo. RESULTS The computer-simulated post-CPB model demonstrated that rFVIIa failed to substantially improve lag time, TG rate and peak thrombin without supplementing prothrombin. Ex vivo data showed that addition of rFVIIa post-CPB significantly shortened lag time; however, rate and peak were not statistically significantly improved. Conversely, 3F-PCC improved all TG parameters in parallel with increased prothrombin levels in both simulated and ex vivo post-CPB samples. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the importance of prothrombin replacement in restoring TG. Despite a low content of FVII, 3F-PCC exerts potent procoagulant activity compared with rFVIIa ex vivo. Further clinical evaluation regarding the efficacy and safety of 3F-PCC is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Guzzetta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schumaker W, Nakanii N, McGuffey C, Zulick C, Chyvkov V, Dollar F, Habara H, Kalintchenko G, Maksimchuk A, Tanaka KA, Thomas AGR, Yanovsky V, Krushelnick K. Ultrafast electron radiography of magnetic fields in high-intensity laser-solid interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:015003. [PMID: 23383801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using electron bunches generated by laser wakefield acceleration as a probe, the temporal evolution of magnetic fields generated by a 4 × 10(19) W/cm(2) ultrashort (30 fs) laser pulse focused on solid density targets is studied experimentally. Magnetic field strengths of order B(0) ~ 10(4) T are observed expanding at close to the speed of light from the interaction point of a high-contrast laser pulse with a 10-μm-thick aluminum foil to a maximum diameter of ~1 mm. The field dynamics are shown to agree with particle-in-cell simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Schumaker
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ogawa S, Szlam F, Dunn AL, Bolliger D, Ohnishi T, Hosokawa K, Tanaka KA. Evaluation of a novel flow chamber system to assess clot formation in factor VIII-deficient mouse and anti-factor IXa-treated human blood. Haemophilia 2012; 18:926-32. [PMID: 22642581 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2012.02867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow properties play important roles in the regulation and formation of thrombus. To evaluate the influence of blood flow on thrombus formation in haemophilia, whole blood samples were obtained from FVIII-deficient (FVIII(-/-) ) and wild-type (FVIII(+/+) ) mice (n = 6 respectively), and from six human volunteers. Anti-FIXa aptamer was added to human blood to model acquired haemophilia B. Recalcified whole blood samples containing corn trypsin inhibitor and danaproid were perfused over the microchip coated with collagen and tissue thromboplastin at shear rates of 1100 and 110 s(-1) . Thrombus formation in the capillary was quantified by monitoring flow pressure changes. The intervals to 5 kPa (T(5) ) and 40 k Pa (T(40) ) reflect the onset and growth of thrombus formation respectively. Furthermore, fibrin and platelets in thrombi were quantified by immunostaining. T(5) at both shear rates were similar in FVIII(-/-) and FVIII(+/+) mice. T(40) of FVIII(-/-) mice (1569 ± 565 s) was significantly delayed compared with FVIII(+/+) mice (339 ± 78 s) at 110 s(-1) (P < 0.05), but not at 1100 s(-1) . The delay was normalized by adding human FVIII (2 IU mL(-1) ). Similarly, adding anti-FIXa aptamer to human blood prolonged T(40) at 110 s(-1) (P < 0.01), but not at 1100 s(-1) . Impaired production of fibrin due to anti-FIXa aptamer at 110 s(-1) was shown in the immunostained thrombus. Our perfusion experiments demonstrated that shear rates influence thrombus formation patterns in haemophilia, and that reduced activity of intrinsic tenase (FIXa-FVIIIa) becomes evident under venous shear rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ogawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bolliger D, Dell-Kuster S, Seeberger MD, Tanaka KA, Gregor M, Zenklusen U, Tsakiris DA, Filipovic M. Impact of loss of high-molecular-weight von Willebrand factor multimers on blood loss after aortic valve replacement. Br J Anaesth 2012; 108:754-62. [PMID: 22311365 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe aortic stenosis is associated with loss of the largest von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers, which could affect primary haemostasis. We hypothesized that the altered multimer structure with the loss of the largest multimers increases postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. METHODS We prospectively included 60 subjects with severe aortic stenosis. Before and after aortic valve replacement, vWF antigen, activity, and multimer structure were determined and platelet function was measured by impedance aggregometry. Blood loss from mediastinal drainage and the use of blood and haemostatic products were evaluated perioperatively. RESULTS Before operation, the altered multimer structure was present in 48 subjects (80%). Baseline characteristics and laboratory data were similar in all subjects. The median blood loss after 6 h was 250 (105-400) and 145 (85-240) ml in the groups with the altered and normal multimer structures, respectively (P=0.182). After 24 h, the cumulative loss was 495 (270-650) and 375 (310-600) ml in the groups with the altered and normal multimer structures, respectively (P=0.713). Multivariable analysis revealed no significant influence of multimer structure and platelet function on bleeding volumes after 6 and 24 h. After 24 h, there was no obvious difference in vWF antigen, activity, and multimer structure in subjects with and without the altered multimer structure before operation or in subjects with and without perioperative plasma transfusion. CONCLUSIONS The altered vWF multimer structure before operation was not associated with increased bleeding after aortic valve replacement. Our findings might be explained by perioperative release of vWF and rapid recovery of the largest vWF multimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bolliger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sakai T, Matsusaki T, Dai F, Tanaka KA, Donaldson JB, Hilmi IA, Wallis Marsh J, Planinsic RM, Humar A. Pulmonary thromboembolism during adult liver transplantation: incidence, clinical presentation, outcome, risk factors, and diagnostic predictors. Br J Anaesth 2011; 108:469-77. [PMID: 22174347 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is an often overlooked cause of mortality during adult liver transplantation (LT) with diagnostic challenge. The goals of this study were to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of PTE and to identify risk factors or diagnostic predictors for PTE. METHODS Four hundred and ninety-five consecutive, isolated, deceased donor LTs performed in an institution for a 3 yr period (2004-6) were analysed. The standard technique was a piggyback method with veno-venous bypass without prophylactic anti-fibrinolytics. The clinical diagnosis of PTE was made with (i) acute cor pulmonale, and (ii) identification of blood clots in the pulmonary artery or observation of acute right heart pressure overload with or without intracardiac clots with transoesophageal echocardiography. RESULTS The incidence of PTE was 4.0% (20 cases); cardiac arrest preceded the diagnosis of PTE [75% (15)] and PTE occurred during the neo-hepatic phase [85% (17)], especially within 30 min after graft reperfusion [70% (14)]. Operative and 60 day mortalities of patients with PTE were higher (P<0.001) than those without PTE (30% vs 0.8% and 45% vs 6.5%). Comparison of perioperative data between the PTE group (n=20) and the non-PTE group (n=475) revealed cardiac arrest and flat-line thromboelastography in three channels (natural, amicar, and protamine) at 5 min after graft reperfusion as the most significant risk factors or diagnostic predictors for PTE with an odds ratio of 154.32 [95% confidence interval (CI): 44.82-531.4] and 49.44 (CI: 15.6-156.57), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed clinical significance of PTE during adult LT and suggested the possibility of predicting this devastating complication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Sakai
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hosokawa K, Ohnishi T, Kondo T, Fukasawa M, Koide T, Maruyama I, Tanaka KA. A novel automated microchip flow-chamber system to quantitatively evaluate thrombus formation and antithrombotic agents under blood flow conditions. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:2029-37. [PMID: 21827607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the present study, we describe a newly developed microchip-based analytical system to evaluate white thrombus formation (WTF). Efficacies of various antithrombotic agents were compared under different flow conditions. METHODS Whole blood containing corn trypsin inhibitor was perfused over a microchip coated with collagen and tissue thromboplastin at the lower and higher shear rates of 240 and 600 s(-1) , and WTF process inside the microchip was quantified by monitoring a flow pressure. Parameters of T(10) (time to 10 kPa), T(10-80) (time from 10 to 80 kPa) and OT (occlusion time; time to 80 kPa) were used to evaluate the onset and the growth rate of WTF, and the capillary occlusion, respectively. RESULTS After perfusion was started, white thrombus composed of activated platelets and fibrin was formed on the coated surface. Thrombus gradually increased in size and eventually occluded the capillary. Among anticoagulants, heparin (0.5-1.0 U mL(-1)) potently prolonged T(10) at both shear rates, whereas low molecular weight heparin (1.0-2.0 IU mL(-1)) inhibited the growth of WTF at the lower shear rate. Among antiplatelet agents, abciximab (1-2 μg mL(-1)) significantly reduced the size and number of thrombi, which was additively enhanced in the presence of heparin (0.5 U mL(-1) ). OS-1 (specific GPIbα-antagonist) prevented the complete capillary occlusion. CONCLUSION The novel monitoring system of WTF may be useful in preclinical and clinical evaluations of different types of antithrombotic strategies, and their effects in combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hosokawa
- Research Institute, Fujimori Kogyo Co., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kuramitsu Y, Nakanii N, Kondo K, Sakawa Y, Mori Y, Miura E, Tsuji K, Kimura K, Fukumochi S, Kashihara M, Tanimoto T, Nakamura H, Ishikura T, Takeda K, Tampo M, Kodama R, Kitagawa Y, Mima K, Tanaka KA, Hoshino M, Takabe H. Experimental evidence of nonthermal acceleration of relativistic electrons by an intensive laser pulse. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 83:026401. [PMID: 21405912 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonthermal acceleration of relativistic electrons is investigated with an intensive laser pulse. An energy distribution function of energetic particles in the universe or cosmic rays is well represented by a power-law spectrum, therefore, nonthermal acceleration is essential to understand the origin of cosmic rays. A possible candidate for the origin of cosmic rays is wakefield acceleration at relativistic astrophysical perpendicular shocks. The wakefield is considered to be excited by large-amplitude precursor light waves in the upstream of the shocks. Substituting an intensive laser pulse for the large amplitude light waves, we performed a model experiment of the shock environments in a laboratory plasma. An intensive laser pulse was propagated in a plasma tube created by imploding a hollow polystyrene cylinder, as the large amplitude light waves propagated in the upstream plasma at an astrophysical shock. Nonthermal electrons were generated, and the energy distribution functions of the electrons have a power-law component with an index of ~2. We described the detailed procedures to obtain the nonthermal components from data obtained by an electron spectrometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kuramitsu
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Affiliation(s)
- K A Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sarri G, Singh DK, Davies JR, Fiuza F, Lancaster KL, Clark EL, Hassan S, Jiang J, Kageiwa N, Lopes N, Rehman A, Russo C, Scott RHH, Tanimoto T, Najmudin Z, Tanaka KA, Tatarakis M, Borghesi M, Norreys PA. Observation of postsoliton expansion following laser propagation through an underdense plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:175007. [PMID: 21231057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.175007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of electromagnetic postsolitons emerging from the interaction of a 30 ps, 3×10¹⁸ W cm⁻² laser pulse with an underdense deuterium plasma has been observed up to 100 ps after the pulse propagation, when large numbers of postsolitons were seen to remain in the plasma. The temporal evolution of the postsolitons has been accurately characterized with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The observed expansion is compared to analytical models and three-dimensional particle-in-cell results, revealing a polarization dependence of the postsoliton dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Sarri
- Queens University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Iwawaki T, Habara H, Tanimoto T, Nakanii N, Shimada K, Yabuuchi T, Kondo K, Tanaka KA. Development of multi-channel electron spectrometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10E535. [PMID: 21034062 DOI: 10.1063/1.3485102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In order to obtain the angular dependent electron energy distributions, we developed a multichannel electron spectrometer (MCESM) with high energy and angular resolutions. The MCESM consists of seven small electron spectrometers set in every 5° on the basement, each of which detection range is up to 25 MeV. In the experiment, we successfully obtained electron spectra from imploded cone-shell target as well as gold plane target irradiated by ultraintense (300 J/5 ps) laser beam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sakawa Y, Nakamura H, Oshima S, Hatakeyama M, Kageiwa N, Hino S, Tanimoto S, Tanabe M, Habara H, Homma H, Norimatsu T, Jitsuno T, Cai H, Zhou W, Johzaki T, Sunahara A, Nagatomo H, Nishimura H, Tanaka KA, Mima K, Azechi H. A model experiment of a double-cone target using a gap target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/4/042012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
29
|
Bolliger D, Szlam F, Levy JH, Molinaro RJ, Tanaka KA. Haemodilution-induced profibrinolytic state is mitigated by fresh-frozen plasma: implications for early haemostatic intervention in massive haemorrhage. Br J Anaesth 2010; 104:318-25. [PMID: 20133450 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrinolysis contributes to coagulopathy after major trauma and surgery. We hypothesized that progressive haemodilution is responsible, at least in part, for increased fibrinolytic tendency of blood clot. METHODS The study was performed in two parts. First, whole blood (WB) samples collected from six healthy, consented volunteers were diluted in vitro with either saline or fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) to 40% and 15% of baseline. We quantified factor levels related to coagulation and fibrinolysis, and measured endogenous thrombin generation in undiluted control plasma samples and in samples diluted with saline or FFP. Additionally, thromboelastometry was used to assess susceptibility to fibrinolysis after adding tissue plasminogen activator in undiluted WB samples and in samples diluted with saline before and after substitution of fibrinogen or FFP. Secondly, as a model of in vivo haemodilution, we evaluated the same parameters before and after operation in nine consented patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. RESULTS The dilution with saline caused dose-dependent decreases in plasma levels of coagulation and antifibrinolytic factors, and in thrombin generation. In FFP-supplemented samples, factor levels and thrombin generation were maintained within normal ranges. Fibrinolytic tendency was significantly higher after haemodilution with saline independent of fibrinogen substitution compared with FFP. Similarly, increased tendency for fibrinolysis was also observed in the in vivo haemodilution. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that progressive haemodilution decreases endogenous antifibrinolytic proteins including alpha(2)-antiplasmin and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, resulting in increased fibrinolytic tendency. Therefore, early fluid replacement therapy with FFP might be advantageous after massive haemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bolliger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bolliger D, Szlam F, Molinaro RJ, Escobar MA, Levy JH, Tanaka KA. Thrombin generation and fibrinolysis in anti-factor IX treated blood and plasma spiked with factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity or recombinant factor VIIa. Haemophilia 2010; 16:510-7. [PMID: 20050927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) and recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) are two important therapies in haemophilia patients with inhibitors and improve clot stability. We hypothesized that potential differences in procoagulant and fibrinolytic actions of aPCC and rFVIIa may lie in the clot stability against fibrinolytic activation. We used thrombin generation, fluorescence detection and thromboelastometry in anti-factor IXa (FIXa) aptamer-treated whole blood (WB) and plasma to evaluate: (i) generation of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) and (ii) viscoelastic properties of blood clots in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) after addition of aPCC (0.4 U mL(-1)) or rFVIIa (60 nm). Peak thrombin generation increased from 85 +/- 19 nm in aptamer-treated plasma to 276 +/- 83 nm and 119 +/- 22 nm after addition of aPCC and rFVIIa respectively (P < 0.001). FXa activity increased within 20 min by 87 +/- 6% and by 660 +/- 97% after addition of aPCC and rFVIIa respectively (P < 0.001). TPA-induced lysis time increased from 458 +/- 378 s in aptamer-treated WB to 1597 +/- 366 s (P = 0.001) and 1132 +/- 214 s (P = 0.075), after addition of aPCC and rFVIIa respectively. In this haemophilia model using the anti-FIXa aptamer, the larger amount of thrombin was generated with aPCC compared with rFVIIa, while FXa generation was more rapidly increased in the presence of rFVIIa. Furthermore, clot formation in anti-FIXa aptamer-treated WB was less susceptible to tPA-induced fibrinolysis after adding aPCC compared with rFVIIa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bolliger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bolliger D, Szlam F, Molinaro RJ, Rahe-Meyer N, Levy JH, Tanaka KA. Finding the optimal concentration range for fibrinogen replacement after severe haemodilution: an in vitro model. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:793-9. [PMID: 19420005 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replacement of fibrinogen is presumably the key step in managing dilutional coagulopathy. We performed an in vitro study hypothesizing that there is a minimal fibrinogen concentration in diluted whole blood above which the rate of clot formation approaches normal. METHODS Blood samples from six healthy volunteers were diluted 1:5 v/v with saline keeping haematocrit at 24% using red cell concentrates. We measured coagulation factors and thrombin generation in plasma at baseline and after dilution. Thromboelastometry was used to evaluate (i) speed and quality of clot formation in diluted samples supplemented with fibrinogen 50-300 mg dl(-1) and (ii) clot resistance to fibrinolysis. Diluted and undiluted samples with no added fibrinogen served as controls. RESULTS Coagulation parameters and platelets were reduced by 74-85% after dilution. Peak thrombin generation was reduced by 56%. Adding fibrinogen led to a concentration-dependent improvement of all thromboelastometric parameters. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) for fibrinogen replacement in haemodiluted blood was calculated to be 125 mg dl(-1). Adding tissue plasminogen activator, 0.15 microg ml(-1), led to a decrease of clot firmness and lysis time. CONCLUSIONS The target plasma concentration for fibrinogen replacement was predicted by these in vitro results to be greater than 200 mg dl(-1) as only these concentrations optimized the rate of clot formation. This concentration is twice the level suggested by the current transfusion guidelines. Although improved, clots were prone to fibrinolysis indicating that the efficacy of fibrinogen therapy may be influenced by co-existing fibrinolytic tendency occurring during dilutional coagulopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bolliger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rahe-Meyer N, Pichlmaier M, Haverich A, Solomon C, Winterhalter M, Piepenbrock S, Tanaka KA. Bleeding management with fibrinogen concentrate targeting a high-normal plasma fibrinogen level: a pilot study. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:785-92. [PMID: 19411671 PMCID: PMC2683341 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bleeding diathesis after aortic valve operation and ascending aorta replacement (AV-AA) is managed with fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and platelet concentrates. The aim was to compare haemostatic effects of conventional transfusion management and FIBTEM (thromboelastometry test)-guided fibrinogen concentrate administration. METHODS A blood products transfusion algorithm was developed using retrospective data from 42 elective patients (Group A). Two units of platelet concentrate were transfused after cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by 4 u of FFP if bleeding persisted, if platelet count was < or =100 x 10(3) microl(-1) when removing the aortic clamp, and vice versa if platelet count was >100 x 10(3) microl(-1). The trigger for each therapy step was > or =60 g blood absorbed from the mediastinal wound area by dry swabs in 5 min. Assignment to two prospective groups was neither randomized nor blinded; Group B (n=5) was treated according to the algorithm, Group C (n=10) received fibrinogen concentrate (Haemocomplettan P/Riastap, CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany) before the algorithm-based therapy. RESULTS A mean of 5.7 (0.7) g fibrinogen concentrate decreased blood loss to below the transfusion trigger level in all Group C patients. Group C had reduced transfusion [mean 0.7 (range 0-4) u vs 8.5 (5.3) in Group A and 8.2 (2.3) in Group B] and reduced postoperative bleeding [366 (199) ml vs 793 (560) in Group A and 716 (219) in Group B]. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, FIBTEM-guided fibrinogen concentrate administration was associated with reduced transfusion requirements and 24 h postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing AV-AA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Rahe-Meyer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serine proteases and their inhibitors play an important role in physiological homeostasis including neuronal activity, hemostasis, and wound healing. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is involved in normal neuronal plasticity and memory formation but can also be neurotoxic. We hypothesized that the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin confers neuronal protection by inhibiting tPA activity. METHODS Using cultured rat dopaminergic neuroblasts (N27 line), tPA-induced cytotoxicity was quantitated by an MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and flow cytometry using propidium iodide DNA staining. The anti-apoptotic effects of aprotinin and other protease inhibitors were also evaluated using these systems. RESULTS Treatment of cultured neuroblasts with tPA (10-20 microg/ml) caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability (71.3+/-2.4 at 10 microg/ml down to 52.7+/-2.5% at 20 microg/m tPA, 24-h treatment), which was potentiated in the absence of serum in the culture medium (59.5+/-6.3% at 10 microg/ml down to 47.9+/-4.7% at 20 microg/ml). Aprotinin was effective in ameliorating cell death when administered 30 min before tPA exposure as shown by increased cell viability (91.8+/-0.6% at tPA at 20 microg/ml), but this protection was significantly reduced when aprotinin was administered after tPA. The efficacy of aprotinin as a neuroprotectant was equivalent or superior to other direct tPA antagonist peptides Glu-Gly-Arg-chlormethylketone (EGRck) and Phe-Pro-Arg-chlormethylketone (FPRck) in this setting. CONCLUSION These data suggest that one of the mechanisms of neuroprotection afforded by aprotinin may be inhibition of tPA-mediated neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nakamura H, Chrisman B, Tanimoto T, Borghesi M, Kondo K, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Tampo M, Tanaka KA, Yabuuchi T, Sentoku Y, Kodama R. Superthermal and efficient-heating modes in the interaction of a cone target with ultraintense laser light. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:045009. [PMID: 19257436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.045009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between a relativistic-intensity laser pulse and a cone-wire target are studied by changing the focusing point of the pulse. The pulse, when focused on the sidewall of the cone, produced superthermal electrons with an energy >10 MeV, whereas less energetic electrons approximately 1 MeV were produced by the pulse when focused on the cone tip. Efficient heating of the wire was indicated by significant neutron signals observed when the pulse was focused on the tip. Particle-in-cell simulation results show reduced heating of the wire due to energetic electrons produced by specularly reflected light at the sidewall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tanimoto T, Lei AL, Yabuuchi T, Habara H, Kondo K, Kodama R, Mima K, Tanaka KA. Hot electron spatial distribution under presence of laser light self-focusing in over-dense plasmas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
36
|
Nakanii N, Kondo K, Yabuuchi T, Tsuji K, Tanaka KA, Suzuki S, Asaka T, Yanagida K, Hanaki H, Kobayashi T, Makino K, Yamane T, Miyamoto S, Horikawa K. Absolute calibration of imaging plate for GeV electrons. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:066102. [PMID: 18601438 DOI: 10.1063/1.2940217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An imaging plate has been used as a useful detector of energetic electrons in laser electron acceleration and laser fusion studies. The absolute sensitivity of an imaging plate was calibrated at 1 GeV electron energy using the injector Linac of SPring-8. The sensitivity curve obtained up to 100 MeV in a previous study was extended successfully to GeV range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Nakanii
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kikura M, Oikawa F, Yamamoto K, Iwamoto T, Tanaka KA, Sato S, Landesberg G. Myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident following non-cardiac surgery: differences in postoperative temporal distribution and risk factors. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 6:742-8. [PMID: 18331455 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction and stroke after non-cardiac surgery are two ominous cardiovascular complications believed to share similar pathophysiological processes. However, the differences in the temporal distribution between them have not been adequately investigated in a large cohort of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The preoperative clinical features and daily occurrence of myocardial infarction and stroke were routinely recorded in 36 634 consecutive patients following elective non-cardiac, non-carotid surgery. The preoperative characteristics and postoperative daily distribution of postoperative myocardial infarction and stroke were compared using exponential and linear regressions models. Myocardial infarction and stroke occurred in 122 (0.33%) and 126 (0.34%) patients, respectively, during the first 30 days after surgery. More patients with myocardial infarction had diabetes mellitus and cardiac disease (P = 0.041 and <0.0001, respectively) whereas more patients with stroke were older and female (P = 0.003 and 0.038, respectively). The peak incidence of myocardial infarction was on the day of surgery (43%) and declined exponentially thereafter (F = 725.4, P < 0.0001). However, postoperative stroke best fitted a linear regression with almost even daily distribution (F = 15.9, P = 0.0004). The median time to myocardial infarction was one day [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0-2 days] compared with nine days (95% CI = 7-11 days) for stroke. CONCLUSIONS The peak incidence of postoperative myocardial infarction is early after non-cardiac surgery and declines exponentially thereafter, as opposed to stroke, which occurs at a constant rate during the postoperative period. Myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident following non-cardiac surgery differ in their preoperative risk factors, and in the postoperative time-line of their occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kikura
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nakamura H, Sentoku Y, Matsuoka T, Kondo K, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Shiraga H, Tanaka KA, Yabuuchi T, Kodama R. Fast heating of cylindrically imploded plasmas by petawatt laser light. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:165001. [PMID: 18518210 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We produced cylindrically imploded plasmas, which have the same density-radius product of the imploded plasma rhoR with the compressed core in the fast ignition experiment and demonstrated efficient fast heating of cylindrically imploded plasmas with an ultraintense laser light. The coupling efficiency from the laser to the imploded column was 14%-21%, implying strong collimation of energetic electrons over a distance of 300 microm of the plasma. Particle-in-cell simulation shows confinement of the energetic electrons by self-generated magnetic and electrostatic fields excited along the imploded plasmas, and the efficient fast heating in the compressed region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Green JS, Ovchinnikov VM, Evans RG, Akli KU, Azechi H, Beg FN, Bellei C, Freeman RR, Habara H, Heathcote R, Key MH, King JA, Lancaster KL, Lopes NC, Ma T, MacKinnon AJ, Markey K, McPhee A, Najmudin Z, Nilson P, Onofrei R, Stephens R, Takeda K, Tanaka KA, Theobald W, Tanimoto T, Waugh J, Van Woerkom L, Woolsey NC, Zepf M, Davies JR, Norreys PA. Effect of laser intensity on fast-electron-beam divergence in solid-density plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:015003. [PMID: 18232779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal foil targets were irradiated with 1 mum wavelength (lambda) laser pulses of 5 ps duration and focused intensities (I) of up to 4x10;{19} W cm;{-2}, giving values of both Ilambda;{2} and pulse duration comparable to those required for fast ignition inertial fusion. The divergence of the electrons accelerated into the target was determined from spatially resolved measurements of x-ray K_{alpha} emission and from transverse probing of the plasma formed on the back of the foils. Comparison of the divergence with other published data shows that it increases with Ilambda;{2} and is independent of pulse duration. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations reproduce these results, indicating that it is a fundamental property of the laser-plasma interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Green
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lei AL, Pukhov A, Kodama R, Yabuuchi T, Adumi K, Endo K, Freeman RR, Habara H, Kitagawa Y, Kondo K, Kumar GR, Matsuoka T, Mima K, Nagatomo H, Norimatsu T, Shorokhov O, Snavely R, Yang XQ, Zheng J, Tanaka KA. Relativistic laser channeling in plasmas for fast ignition. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:066403. [PMID: 18233928 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.066403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental observation suggesting plasma channel formation by focusing a relativistic laser pulse into a long-scale-length preformed plasma. The channel direction coincides with the laser axis. Laser light transmittance measurement indicates laser channeling into the high-density plasma with relativistic self-focusing. A three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation reproduces the plasma channel and reveals that the collimated hot-electron beam is generated along the laser axis in the laser channeling. These findings hold the promising possibility of fast heating a dense fuel plasma with a relativistic laser pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Lei
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kawasaki J, Katori N, Taketomi T, Terui K, Tanaka KA. The effects of vasoactive agents, platelet agonists and anticoagulation on thrombelastography. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:1237-44. [PMID: 17850565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet activation is a critical step in primary hemostasis and clot formation. We tested a hypothesis that platelet stimulating effects of vasoactive agents or platelet agonists could be shown using thrombelastography (TEG) as faster onset or increased clot strength. We further examined if TEG could be modified to evaluate activated platelets as a reversal of anticoagulation in the presence of partial thrombin inhibition. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 126 non-cardiac surgical patients. Effects of vasoactive agents on TEG and aggregometry were examined using epinephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin, desmopressin acetate, milrinone and olprinone (Experiment I). Platelet agonists (epinephrine, ADP and collagen) were separately tested on TEG (Experiment II). Effects of platelet agonists (ADP and collagen) on TEG under anticoagulation in the absence or presence of abciximab were studied (Experiment III). We also tested antiplatelet effects of milrinone and olprinone in the presence of anticoagulants on TEG (Experiment IV). RESULTS Neither vasoactive agents nor platelet agonists affected TEG or aggregometry results except for milrinone and olprinone on aggregometry (Experiment I, II). Platelet agonists facilitated clotting in the presence of anticoagulants (Experiment III). Abciximab-treated platelets still exhibited procoagulant effects in the presence of heparin, while not in the presence of argatroban (Experiment III). Platelet inhibition on the modified TEG was more extensive with milrinone than olprinone, and it was dose dependent (Experiment IV). CONCLUSION Modified TEG using heparin or argatroban might delineate the procoagulant effects of platelets by adding platelet specific agonist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Kawasaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Piamsomboon C, Tanaka KA, Szlam F, Makita T, Huraux C, Levy JH. Comparison of relaxation responses to multiple vasodilators in TxA(2)-analog and endothelin-1-precontracted pulmonary arteries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007; 51:714-21. [PMID: 17488313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peri-operative pulmonary hypertension can lead to right ventricular dysfunction and to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Altered function of the pulmonary vascular endothelium and vasoconstriction play a crucial role in the development of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Because pulmonary artery vasoreactivity is dependent on many factors including the constricting agent that precipitated the event therefore the aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of different classes of vasodilator agents to reverse endothelin-1 (ET-1) or thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2))-induced vasoconstriction in porcine pulmonary artery (PA) in vitro. METHODS Relaxation responses to vasodilatory drugs were studied in PA precontracted with ET-1 (1 x 10(-8) M) or TxA(2) analog (U46619, 1 x 10(-8) M). All vasodilating drugs were added in a cumulative fashion and isometric tension measurements were obtained using an organ chamber technique. RESULTS In both groups relaxation responses to the vasodilators were dose dependent. When ET-1 was used as a constrictor nitroglycerin and milrinone caused nearly complete (80-100%) relaxation, whereas other agents were of limited effectiveness (40-50%). On the other hand, in the vessels constricted with U46619, olprinone, indomethacin, prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)), nitroglycerin, milrinone and clevidipine induced complete (90-110%) vasodilatation but brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), L-arginine, and isoproterenol relaxed the vessels maximally by 45-60%. CONCLUSIONS Nitroglycerin and milrinone are very effective in reversing ET-1 and U46619-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in vitro. The effectiveness of other drugs studied was dependent on the type of constrictor used. BNP, L-arginine and isoproterenol were shown to have minimal vasodilatory effects in porcine PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Piamsomboon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Emory Clinic, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Habara H, Adumi K, Yabuuchi T, Nakamura T, Chen ZL, Kashihara M, Kodama R, Kondo K, Kumar GR, Lei LA, Matsuoka T, Mima K, Tanaka KA. Surface acceleration of fast electrons with relativistic self-focusing in preformed plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:095004. [PMID: 17026373 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.095004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report an observation of surface acceleration of fast electrons in intense laser-plasma interactions. When a preformed plasma is presented in front of a solid target with a higher laser intensity, the emission direction of fast electrons is changed to the target surface direction from the laser and specular directions. This feature could be caused by the formation of a strong static magnetic field along the target surface which traps and holds fast electrons on the surface. In our experiment, the increase in the laser intensity due to relativistic self-focusing in plasma plays an important role for the formation. The strength of the magnetic field is calculated from the bent angle of the electrons, resulting in tens of percent of laser magnetic field, which agrees well with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell calculation. The strong surface current explains the high conversion efficiency on the cone-guided fast ignitor experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lei AL, Tanaka KA, Kodama R, Kumar GR, Nagai K, Norimatsu T, Yabuuchi T, Mima K. Optimum hot electron production with low-density foams for laser fusion by fast ignition. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:255006. [PMID: 16907316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.255006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a foam cone-in-shell target design aiming at optimum hot electron production for the fast ignition. A thin low-density foam is proposed to cover the inner tip of a gold cone inserted in a fuel shell. An intense laser is then focused on the foam to generate hot electrons for the fast ignition. Element experiments demonstrate increased laser energy coupling efficiency into hot electrons without increasing the electron temperature and beam divergence with foam coated targets in comparison with solid targets. This may enhance the laser energy deposition in the compressed fuel plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A L Lei
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Miyanaga N, Azechi H, Tanaka KA, Kanabe T, Jitsuno T, Kawanaka J, Fujimoto Y, Kodama R, Shiraga H, Knodo K, Tsubakimoto K, Habara H, Lu J, Xu G, Morio N, Matsuo S, Miyaji E, Kawakami Y, Izawa Y, Mima K. 10-kJ PW laser for the FIREX-I program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2006133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
46
|
Ozaki N, Koenig M, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Vinci T, Ravasio A, Esposito M, Lepape S, Henry E, Hüser G, Tanaka KA, Nazarov W, Nagai K, Yoshida M. Laser-driven flyer impact experiments at the LULI 2000 laser facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:2006133224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
47
|
Hama Y, Kondo K, Zoubir A, Honda T, Kodama R, Tanaka KA, Mima K. Single-shot two-dimensional spectral interferometry for ultrafast laser-produced plasmas. Opt Lett 2006; 31:1917-9. [PMID: 16729114 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Coherent white light was used as a light source for spectral interferometry of ultrafast laser-produced plasmas. Using a narrowband filter, two-dimensional images of field ionization in helium were obtained with a 14 fs time resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen ZL, Kumar GR, Sheng ZM, Matsuoka T, Sentoku Y, Tampo M, Tanaka KA, Tsutsumi T, Yabuuchi T, Kodama R. Transient electrostatic fields and related energetic proton generation with a plasma fiber. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:084802. [PMID: 16606190 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.084802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe a hollow structure and a fine ring in the proton images from a petawatt scale laser interaction with a "cone-fiber" target. The protons related to the hollow structure are accelerated from the cone-tip surface and deflected later by a radial electric field surrounding the fiber. Those associated with the fine ring are accelerated from the fiber surface by this radial electric field. This field is found to decay exponentially within 3 ps from about 5 x 10(12) V/m. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations produce similar proton angular distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z L Chen
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li YT, Sheng ZM, Ma YY, Jin Z, Zhang J, Chen ZL, Kodama R, Matsuoka T, Tampo M, Tanaka KA, Tsutsumi T, Yabuuchi T, Du K, Zhang HQ, Zhang L, Tang YJ. Demonstration of bulk acceleration of ions in ultraintense laser interactions with low-density foams. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:066404. [PMID: 16486067 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.066404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ion acceleration inside low-density foams irradiated by ultraintense laser pulses has been studied experimentally and theoretically. It is found that the ion generation is closely correlated with the suppressed hot electron transport inside the foams. Particle-in-cell simulations suggest that localized electrostatic fields with multi peaks around the surfaces of lamellar layers inside the foams are induced. These fields inhibit hot electron transport and meanwhile accelerate ions inside the foams, forming a bulk acceleration in contrast to the surface acceleration at the front and rear sides of a thin solid target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y T Li
- Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|