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Strauß F, Zeng Z, Braun K, Scheele M. Toward Gigahertz Photodetection with Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1488-1499. [PMID: 38713448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) exhibit favorable properties for optical communication in the gigahertz (GHz) regime, such as large mobilities, high extinction coefficients, cheap fabrication, and silicon compatibility. While impressive improvements in their sensitivity have been realized over the past decade, the bandwidths of these devices have been mostly limited to a few megahertz. We argue that this shortcoming originates in the relatively large RC constants of TMDC-based photodetectors, which suffer from high surface defect densities, inefficient charge carrier injection at the electrode/TMDC interface, and long charging times. However, we show in a series of papers that rather simple adjustments in the device architecture afford TMDC-based photodetectors with bandwidths of several hundreds of megahertz. We rationalize the success of these adjustments in terms of the specific physical-chemical properties of TMDCs, namely their anisotropic in-plane/out-of-plane carrier behavior, large optical absorption, and chalcogenide-dependent surface chemistry. Just one surprisingly simple yet effective pathway to fast TMDC photodetection is the reduction of the photoresistance by using light-focusing optics, which enables bandwidths of 0.23 GHz with an energy consumption of only 27 fJ/bit.By reflecting on the ultrafast intrinsic photoresponse times of a few picoseconds in TMDC heterostructures, we motivate the application of more demanding chemical strategies to exploit such ultrafast intrinsic properties for true GHz operation in real devices. A key aspect in this regard is the management of surface defects, which we discuss in terms of its dependence on the layer thickness, its tunability by molecular adlayers, and the prospects of replacing thermally evaporated metal contacts by laser-printed electrodes fabricated with inks of metalloid clusters. We highlight the benefits of combining TMDCs with graphene to heterostructures that exhibit the ultrafast photoresponse and large spectral range of Dirac materials with the low dark currents and high responsivities of semiconductors. We introduce the bulk photovoltaic effect in TMDC-based materials with broken inversion symmetry as well as a combination of TMDCs with plasmonic nanostructures as means for increasing the bandwidth and responsivity simultaneously. Finally, we describe the prospects of embedding TMDC photodetectors into optical cavities with the objective of tuning the lifetime of the photoexcited state and increasing the carrier mobility in the photoactive layer.The findings and concepts detailed in this Account demonstrate that GHz photodetection with TMDCs is feasible, and we hope that these bright prospects for their application as next-generation optoelectronic materials motivate more chemists and material scientists to actively pursue the development of the more complicated material combinations outlined here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Strauß
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zhouxiaosong Zeng
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Sommer M, Laible F, Braun K, Goschurny T, Meixner AJ, Fleischer M. Nano-antennas with decoupled transparent leads for optoelectronic studies. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:215302. [PMID: 38456537 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2b4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Performing electrical measurements on single plasmonic nanostructures presents a challenging task due to the limitations in contacting the structure without disturbing its optical properties. In this work, we show two ways to overcome this problem by fabricating bow-tie nano-antennas with indium tin oxide leads. Indium tin oxide is transparent in the visible range and electrically conducting, but non-conducting at optical frequencies. The structures are prepared by electron beam lithography. Further definition, such as introducing small gaps, is achieved by focused helium ion beam milling. Dark-field reflection spectroscopy characterization of the dimer antennas shows typical unperturbed plasmonic spectra with multiple resonance peaks from mode hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Sommer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Laible
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschurny
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Institute for Applied Physics and Center LISA+, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Geladari O, Haizmann P, Maier A, Strienz M, Eberle M, Scheele M, Peisert H, Schnepf A, Chassé T, Braun K, Meixner AJ. Direct laser induced writing of high precision gold nanosphere SERS patterns. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:1213-1217. [PMID: 38356631 PMCID: PMC10863701 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The high sensitivity and molecular fingerprint capability of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) have lead to a wide variety of applications ranging from classical physics, chemistry over biology to medicine. Equally, there are numerous methods to fabricate samples owing to the desired properties and to create the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRS). However, for many applications the LSPRs must be specifically localized on micrometer sized areas and multiple steps of lithography are needed to achieve the desired substrates. Here we present a fast and reliable direct laser induced writing (DIW) method to produce SERS substrates with active areas of interest in any desired size and shape in the micrometer regime. Afterwards, the SERS substrates have been functionalized with phthalocyanines. The DIW fabricated samples realize sub-monolayer sensitivity and an almost uniform enhancement over the entire area, which make this production method suitable for many sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympia Geladari
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 15 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Philipp Haizmann
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andre Maier
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 15 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Strienz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Martin Eberle
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 15 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 15 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 15 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 15 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 15 D-72076 Tübingen Germany
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Scheckel B, Naumann M, Simic D, Stock S, Loose O, Breig M, Albrecht K, Braun K, Kucher R, Deininger S, Schmid L, John M, Grohnert A, Giertz C, Wirth T. Supplementary orthopaedic screening for children and adolescents to prevent permanent skeletal deformities - protocol for the "OrthoKids" study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:887. [PMID: 37964234 PMCID: PMC10647053 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal deformities (SD) in children and adolescents can lead to arthritic conditions, impairment of quality of life, and high treatment costs in the long term. However, comprehensive data on the prevalence of SDs in children and adolescents are limited and it remains therefore unclear whether there is a healthcare gap. "OrthoKids" is a project that addresses this evidence gap by implementing an orthopaedic screening for children and adolescents that supplements existing detection examinations within statutory standard care in Germany. OBJECTIVE To detect SDs so that they can be treated as needed at an early stage. METHODS The implementation of the supplementary orthopaedic screening will be evaluated through an exploratory cohort study that is set up in the German state Baden-Wuerttemberg. 20,000 children and adolescents aged 10 to 14 years will be recruited as a prospective cohort. A retrospective control cohort will be formed based on claims data provided by two cooperating statutory health insurances (SHIs). Participating children and adolescents receive a one-time orthopaedic screening. If at least one SD is diagnosed, treatment will be provided as part of the statutory standard care. Within the scope of the project, a follow-up examination will be performed after one year. An IT-platform will complement the study. The primary outcome measure is the point prevalence of scoliosis, genu varum/valgum, hip dysplasia, and flat feet. Secondary outcome measures are (i) the point prevalence of further less common SDs, (ii) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), (iii) sports ability based on activity (physical/athletic), physical constraints, and (sports) injuries, as well as (iv) monetary consequences of the orthopaedic screenings' implementation. Implementation determinants will be evaluated, too. DISCUSSION If the supplementary orthopaedic screening proves to be viable, it could be considered as a supplementary examination for children and adolescents within the frame of SHI in Germany. This could relieve the burden of disease among children and adolescents with SDs. In addition, it could disburden SHIs in the medium to long term. TRIAL REGISTRATION The OrthoKids study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Registry (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (DRKS)) on 26th July 2022 under the number 00029057.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Scheckel
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology (IGKE), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany.
| | - M Naumann
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology (IGKE), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany.
| | - D Simic
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology (IGKE), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Stock
- Institute for Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology (IGKE), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Gleueler Straße 176-178, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - O Loose
- Department of Orthopaedics, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M Breig
- Department of Orthopaedics, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Albrecht
- Department of Orthopaedics, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Braun
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Baden-Wuerttemberg (KVBW), Albstadtweg 11, 70567, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Kucher
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Baden-Wuerttemberg (KVBW), Albstadtweg 11, 70567, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Deininger
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Baden-Wuerttemberg (KVBW), Albstadtweg 11, 70567, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - L Schmid
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians Baden-Wuerttemberg (KVBW), Albstadtweg 11, 70567, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - M John
- Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Grohnert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Giertz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Wirth
- Department of Orthopaedics, Olgahospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 62, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany
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Kennedy WR, Chang YW, Jiang J, Molloy J, Pennington-Krygier C, Harmon J, Hong A, Wanebo J, Braun K, Garcia MA, Barani IJ, Yoo W, Tovmasyan A, Tien AC, Li J, Mehta S, Sanai N. A Combined Phase 0/2 "Trigger" Trial Evaluating Pamiparib or Olaparib with Concurrent Radiotherapy in Patients with Newly-Diagnosed or Recurrent Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e115. [PMID: 37784657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) This study evaluates the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles and clinical efficacy of PARP1/2 selective inhibitors, pamiparib and olaparib, in newly-diagnosed or recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) patients in combination with radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS/METHODS In this combined phase 0/2 trial presumed newly-diagnosed (Arm A) or recurrent (Arm B) GBM patients received 4 days of pamiparib (60 mg BID) prior to resection either 2-4 or 8-12 hours following the final dose. Arm C enrolled patients with recurrent GBM to 4 days of olaparib (200 mg BID) prior to resection. Enhancing and nonenhancing tumor tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were collected. Total and unbound drug concentrations were measured using validated LC-MS/MS methods. A PK 'trigger', defined as unbound drug and gt; 5-fold biochemical IC 50 in nonenhancing tumor, determined eligibility for the therapeutic expansion phase 2. PARP inhibition was assessed via ex vivo radiation and quantification of PAR levels compared to non-radiated control. Newly-diagnosed MGMT unmethylated GBMs and recurrent GBMs exceeding the PK threshold were eligible for an expansion phase of pamiparib (Arms A and B) or olaparib (Arm C) with concurrent RT followed by maintenance pamiparib or olaparib. RT was 60 Gy in 30 fractions in newly-diagnosed patients and 40 Gy in 15 fractions in recurrent patients, delivered using volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). RESULTS A total of 38 patients (Arm A, n = 16; Arm B, n = 16; Arm C, n = 6) were enrolled in the initial phase 0 study. The mean unbound concentrations of pamiparib in nonenhancing tumor region for Arm A and Arm B were 167.3 nM and 109.4 nM respectively, and in Arm C the mean unbound concentration of olaparib was 5.2 nM. All patients in the pamiparib arms (n = 32/32) but only 1 of 6 patients in the olaparib Arm C exceeded the PK threshold. Radiation-induced PAR expression was 2.44-fold in untreated control vs 1.16 in Arm A (p<0.05), 0.85 in Arm B (p<0.01) and 1.11 in Arm C patients, respectively. In Arm A, 11 patients had unmethylated tumors, and of those, 7 patients enrolled in phase 2. In Arm B, 9 of the 16 clinically eligible patients with positive PK results were enrolled in phase 2. At a median follow-up of 8.4 months [range: 1.3-15.7 months], the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.4, 6.0, and 3.8 months for Arms A (n = 7), B (n = 9), and C (n = 1), respectively. Grade 3+ toxicities related to pamiparib occurred in 4 patients, with 2 adverse events resulting in treatment discontinuation. No grade 3+ toxicities were documented in the olaparib arm. CONCLUSION Pamiparib achieved pharmacologically-relevant concentrations in nonenhancing GBM tissue and suppressed induction of PAR levels ex vivo post-radiation. The majority of patients with MGMT-unmethylated GBM advanced to the phase 2 portion of the trial, and pamiparib was generally well-tolerated in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Kennedy
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Y W Chang
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J Jiang
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - J Molloy
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - J Harmon
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A Hong
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J Wanebo
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - K Braun
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - M A Garcia
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - I J Barani
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - W Yoo
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A Tovmasyan
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A C Tien
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J Li
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - S Mehta
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - N Sanai
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Kennedy WR, Margaryan T, Molloy J, Knight W, Harmon J, Hong A, Wanebo J, Braun K, Garcia MA, Barani IJ, Yoo W, Tien AC, Tovmasyan A, Mehta S, Sanai N. A Combined Phase 0/2 "Trigger" Trial of Niraparib in Combination with Radiation in Patients with Newly-Diagnosed Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S86-S87. [PMID: 37784592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymerase (PARP) mediates DNA damage response. Niraparib is an investigational PARP1/2-selective inhibitor. We conducted a combined phase 0/2 study to evaluate niraparib pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM), graduating patients to a phase 2 study evaluating a therapeutic regimen of niraparib with concurrent conventionally-fractionated radiotherapy (RT) in O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) unmethylated tumors exceeding a prespecified PK threshold in non-enhancing tumor. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with presumed newly-diagnosed GBM were enrolled in a phase 0 study receiving 4 days of niraparib (300 or 200 mg QD) prior to planned resection 3-5 or 8-12 hours following the last dose. Tumor tissue (enhancing and non-enhancing regions), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma were collected. Total and unbound niraparib concentrations were measured using validated LC-MS/MS methods. PARP inhibition was assessed by quantification of PAR induction after 10 Gy ex vivo irradiation in surgical tissue compared to non-irradiated control tissue. A PK 'trigger' determined eligibility for the therapeutic phase 2 expansion portion of the study. This was defined as unbound [niraparib] > 5-fold biochemical IC50 (i.e., 19 nM) in non-enhancing tumor. Patients with MGMT unmethylated tumors exceeding this PK threshold were eligible for expansion phase dosing of niraparib with concurrent RT followed by a maintenance phase of niraparib. Patients with MGMT methylated tumors were not eligible for the expansion phase and proceeded with temozolomide (TMZ) plus RT followed by maintenance TMZ. RT dose was 60 Gy in 30 fractions using volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). RESULTS All 29 patients enrolled in the phase 0 portion of the study met the PK threshold. In non-enhancing regions, the mean unbound concentration of niraparib was 258.2 nM. The suppression of PAR levels after ex vivo RT was observed in 79% of the patients (17/22). Sixteen patients had unmethylated tumors, and of those, 11 patients enrolled in phase 2. Five of the 6 initial patients enrolled in phase 2 experienced thrombocytopenia related to niraparib, and 3/5 cases were deemed serious and life-threatening. Consequently, starting dose in both phases was lowered to 200 mg, and no serious AEs were observed thereafter. At a median follow-up of 8.1 months [range: 6.0-12.9 months], 6-month PFS was 64% with 4 patients remaining on treatment and 5 patients ongoing survival follow-up. CONCLUSION Niraparib achieves pharmacologically-relevant concentrations in non-enhancing, newly-diagnosed GBM tissue in excess of any other studied PARP inhibitor. When delivered with concurrent RT, niraparib was well-tolerated, with low rates of grade 3+ toxicity. Initial clinical efficacy data are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Kennedy
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - T Margaryan
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J Molloy
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - W Knight
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J Harmon
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A Hong
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J Wanebo
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - K Braun
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - M A Garcia
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - I J Barani
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - W Yoo
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A C Tien
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - A Tovmasyan
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - S Mehta
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - N Sanai
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ
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Geladari O, Eberle M, Maier A, Fetzer F, Chassé T, Meixner AJ, Scheele M, Schnepf A, Braun K. Nanometer Sized Direct Laser-Induced Gold Printing for Precise 2D-Electronic Device Fabrication. Small Methods 2023:e2201221. [PMID: 37171792 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics manufacturing technologies are essential and highly favored for future integrated photonic and electronic devices. Direct laser induced writing (DIW) of metals has shown potential as a fast and highly variable method in adaptable electronics. However, most of the DIW procedures use silver structures, which tend to oxidize and are limited to the micrometer regime. Here, a DIW technique is introduced that not only enables electrical gold wiring of 2D van-der-Waals materials with sub-µm structures and 100 nm interspacing resolution but is also capable of fabricating photo switches and field effect transistors on various rigid and elastic materials. Light sensitive metalloid Au32 -nanoclusters serve as the ink that allows for low-power cw-laser exposure without further post-treatment. With a simple lift-off procedure, the unexposed ink can be removed. The technique realizes ultrafast, high resolution, and high precision production of integrated electronics and may pave the way for personalized circuits even printed on curved surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olympia Geladari
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Eberle
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andre Maier
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Florian Fetzer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Maier A, Strauß F, Kohlschreiber P, Schedel C, Braun K, Scheele M. Sub-nanosecond Intrinsic Response Time of PbS Nanocrystal IR-Photodetectors. Nano Lett 2022; 22:2809-2816. [PMID: 35311295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs), especially lead sulfide NCs, are promising candidates for solution-processed next-generation photodetectors with high-speed operation frequencies. However, the intrinsic response time of PbS-NC photodetectors, which is the material-specific physical limit, is still elusive, as the reported response times are typically limited by the device geometry. Here, we use the two-pulse coincidence photoresponse technique to identify the intrinsic response time of 1,2-ethanedithiol-functionalized PbS-NC photodetectors after femtosecond-pulsed 1560 nm excitation. We obtain an intrinsic response time of ∼1 ns, indicating an intrinsic bandwidth of ∼0.55 GHz as the material-specific limit. Examination of the dependence on laser power, gating, bias, temperature, channel length, and environmental conditions suggest that Auger recombination, assisted by NC-surface defects, is the dominant mechanism. Accordingly, the intrinsic response time might further be tuned by specifically controlling the ligand coverage and trap states. Thus, PbS-NC photodetectors are feasible for gigahertz optical communication in the third telecommunication window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Maier
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Strauß
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Kohlschreiber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Schedel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Haas J, Ulrich F, Hofer C, Wang X, Braun K, Meyer JC. Aligned Stacking of Nanopatterned 2D Materials for High-Resolution 3D Device Fabrication. ACS Nano 2022; 16:1836-1846. [PMID: 35104934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials can be combined by placing individual layers on top of each other, so that they are bound only by their van der Waals interaction. The sequence of layers can be chosen arbitrarily, enabling an essentially atomic-level control of the material and thereby a wide choice of properties along one dimension. However, simultaneous control over the structure in the in-plane directions is so far still rather limited. Here, we combine spatially controlled modifications of 2D materials, using focused electron irradiation or electron beam induced etching, with the layer-by-layer assembly of van der Waals heterostructures. The presented assembly process makes it possible to structure each layer with an arbitrary pattern prior to the assembly into the heterostructure. Moreover, it enables a stacking of the layers with accurate lateral alignment, with an accuracy of currently 10 nm, under observation in an electron microscope. Together, this enables the fabrication of almost arbitrary 3D structures with highest spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Haas
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Finn Ulrich
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hofer
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jannik C Meyer
- Institute of Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
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10
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Lapkin D, Kirsch C, Hiller J, Andrienko D, Assalauova D, Braun K, Carnis J, Kim YY, Mandal M, Maier A, Meixner AJ, Mukharamova N, Scheele M, Schreiber F, Sprung M, Wahl J, Westendorf S, Zaluzhnyy IA, Vartanyants IA. Spatially resolved fluorescence of caesium lead halide perovskite supercrystals reveals quasi-atomic behavior of nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:892. [PMID: 35173165 PMCID: PMC8850480 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We correlate spatially resolved fluorescence (-lifetime) measurements with X-ray nanodiffraction to reveal surface defects in supercrystals of self-assembled cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals and study their effect on the fluorescence properties. Upon comparison with density functional modeling, we show that a loss in structural coherence, an increasing atomic misalignment between adjacent nanocrystals, and growing compressive strain near the surface of the supercrystal are responsible for the observed fluorescence blueshift and decreased fluorescence lifetimes. Such surface defect-related optical properties extend the frequently assumed analogy between atoms and nanocrystals as so-called quasi-atoms. Our results emphasize the importance of minimizing strain during the self-assembly of perovskite nanocrystals into supercrystals for lighting application such as superfluorescent emitters. By utilizing spatially resolved fluorescence (-lifetime) measurements and high precision X-ray nanodiffraction, the authors correlate the influence of structural misalignment and fluorescence (-lifetime) properties of all-inorganic CsPbX3 (X– = Br–, Cl–) perovskite superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Kirsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hiller
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denis Andrienko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dameli Assalauova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jerome Carnis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mukunda Mandal
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andre Maier
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wahl
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Westendorf
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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11
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Cohen AM, Braun K, Hübner N, Scherner PV, Jurkat HB. [Influencing factors on stress management in medical students-with special consideration of depression]. Nervenarzt 2021; 93:468-475. [PMID: 34487197 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-021-01183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to high levels of stress, a practical course on stress management in medical school was offered to preclinical medical students at the Justus-Liebig University in Giessen up to 2019. In addition to autogenic training with specific resolution formulas, learning strategies, examination anxiety, and stress management were taught. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the factors influencing the efficacy of the course as well as predictive factors favoring the success of preventive strategies for medical students. METHODS A total of 81 medical students with an average age of M = 25.4 years participated in this study, with 32.1% being male. The pre-post surveys were conducted anonymously with PSQ, BDI, PHQ‑9, HADS, SF-12 and the STQL‑S. RESULTS With respect to satisfaction, stress, anxiety, and depression, a significant improvement was achieved at high effect levels (Cohen's d > 1). Initially, 35% of the students suffered from clinically relevant depression; these also showed a significantly higher stress level at the end of the course. This also applies to students with low study or life satisfaction. There were significant interactions of stress reduction depending on the existence of adequate learning techniques as well as anxiety symptoms but less often due to the existence of adequate stress management strategies. CONCLUSION As predictive factors against a high stress level in medical students, a high study satisfaction and a high life satisfaction as well as low depression values could be confirmed. Relevant factors contributing to the efficacy of the course are learning strategies and coping with examination phobia. Theoretical information concerning stress management was found to be less helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Cohen
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Friedrichstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - K Braun
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Friedrichstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - N Hübner
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Friedrichstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - P V Scherner
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Friedrichstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - H B Jurkat
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Fachbereich Medizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Friedrichstraße 33, 35392, Gießen, Deutschland.
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12
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Hofer C, Skákalová V, Haas J, Wang X, Braun K, Pennington RS, Meyer JC. Atom-by-atom chemical identification from scanning transmission electron microscopy images in presence of noise and residual aberrations. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 227:113292. [PMID: 33992503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The simple dependence of the intensity in annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images on the atomic number provides (to some extent) chemical information about the sample, and even allows an elemental identification in the case of light-element single-layer samples. However, the intensity of individual atoms and atomic columns is affected by residual aberrations and the confidence of an identification is limited by the available signal to noise. Here, we show that matching a simulation to an experimental image by iterative optimization provides a reliable analysis of atomic intensities even in presence of residual non-round aberrations. We compare our new method with other established approaches demonstrating its high reliability for images recorded at limited dose and with different aberrations. This is of particular relevance for analyzing moderately beam-sensitive materials, such as most 2D materials, where the limited sample stability often makes it difficult to obtain spectroscopic information at atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hofer
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany; Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanng. 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Viera Skákalová
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanng. 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Haas
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany; Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert S Pennington
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany; Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jannik C Meyer
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany; Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, D-72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanng. 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Braun K, Hauler O, Zhang D, Wang X, Chassé T, Meixner AJ. Probing Bias-Induced Electron Density Shifts in Metal-Molecule Interfaces via Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1816-1821. [PMID: 33492134 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface charging effects at metal-molecule interfaces, for example, charge transfer, charge transport, charge injection, and so on, have a strong impact on the performance of organic electronics. Only having molecules bound or adsorbed on different metals results in a doping-like behavior at the interface by the different work functions of the metals and creates hybrid surface states, which strongly affect the efficiencies. With the ongoing downsizing and thinning of the organic components, the impact of the interface will even further increase. However, most of the investigations only monitor the interface without the additional charging effects from applying a voltage to the interface. In this work we present a spectroscopic approach based on tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to study metal-molecule interfaces with an applied voltage simulating the electric field strength in real devices. We monitor how an intrinsic inductive effect of partial functional groups in molecules can shift the molecular electron density (ED) distribution when a bias voltage is applied. Therefore, we choose two molecules as model systems, which are similar in size and binding condition to a smooth gold surface, but with different electronic structure. By placing the tip 1 nm over the molecular surface at a fixed position and changing the applied bias voltage, we record electric-field-dependent tip-enhanced Raman spectra. Specific vibrational bands exhibit voltage-dependent intensity changes related to the shift of the local ED inside the molecules. We believe this experiment is valuable to gain deeper insights into charged metal-molecule interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Otto Hauler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, China
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics (LISA+), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Kumar K, Hiller J, Bender M, Nosrati S, Liu Q, Edelmann M, Maier S, Rammler T, Wackenhut F, Meixner AJ, Braun K, Bunz UHF, Scheele M. Periodic Fluorescence Variations of CdSe Quantum Dots Coupled to Aryleneethynylenes with Aggregation-Induced Emission. ACS Nano 2021; 15:480-488. [PMID: 33438432 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CdSe nanocrystals and aggregates of an aryleneethynylene derivative are assembled into a hybrid thin film with dual fluorescence from both fluorophores. Under continuous excitation, the nanocrystals and the molecules exhibit anticorrelated fluorescence intensity variations, which become periodic at low temperature. We attribute this to a structure-dependent aggregation-induced emission of the aryleneethynylene derivative, which impacts the rate of excitation energy transfer between the molecules and nanocrystals. This work highlights that combining semiconductor nanocrystals with molecular aggregates, which exhibit aggregation-induced emission, can result in emerging optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hiller
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saeed Nosrati
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Charles Delaunay Institute, CNRS Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n, former "LNIO"), University of Technology of Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie - CS 42060, 10004 Troyes Cedex, France
| | - Marc Edelmann
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Rammler
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Deng M, Li Z, Rong X, Luo Y, Li B, Zheng L, Wang X, Lin F, Meixner AJ, Braun K, Zhu X, Fang Z. Light-Controlled Near-Field Energy Transfer in Plasmonic Metasurface Coupled MoS 2 Monolayer. Small 2020; 16:e2003539. [PMID: 32964680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The energy transfer from plasmonic nanostructures to semiconductors has been extensively studied to enhance light-harvesting and tailor light-matter interactions. In this study, the efficient energy transfer from an Au metasurface to monolayered MoS2 within a near-field coupling regime is reported. The metasurface is designed and fabricated to demonstrate strong photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) emission spectra. In the coupled heterostructure of MoS2 with a metasurface, both the Raman shift and absorption spectral intensities of monolayered MoS2 are affected. The spectral profile and PL peak position can be tailored owing to the energy transfer between plasmonic nanostructures and semiconductors. This is confirmed by ultrafast lifetime measurement. A theoretical model of two coupled oscillators is proposed, where the expanded general solutions (EGS) of such a model result in a series of eigenvalues that correspond to the renormalization of energy levels in modulated MoS2. The model can predict the peak shift up to tens of nanometers in hybrid structures and hence provides an alternative method to describe energy transfer between metallic structures and two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. A viable approach for studying light-matter interactions in 2D semiconductors via near-field energy transfer is presented, which may stimulate the applications of functional nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyi Deng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xin Rong
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liheng Zheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Xing Zhu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zheyu Fang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nano-optoelectronics Frontier Center of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang D, Liu Y, He M, Zhang A, Chen S, Tong Q, Huang L, Zhou Z, Zheng W, Chen M, Braun K, Meixner AJ, Wang X, Pan A. Room temperature near unity spin polarization in 2D Van der Waals heterostructures. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4442. [PMID: 32895376 PMCID: PMC7477097 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation and manipulation of spin polarization at room temperature are essential for 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials-based spin-photonic and spintronic applications. However, most of the high degree polarization is achieved at cryogenic temperatures, where the spin-valley polarization lifetime is increased. Here, we report on room temperature high-spin polarization in 2D layers by reducing its carrier lifetime via the construction of vdW heterostructures. A near unity degree of polarization is observed in PbI2 layers with the formation of type-I and type-II band aligned vdW heterostructures with monolayer WS2 and WSe2. We demonstrate that the spin polarization is related to the carrier lifetime and can be manipulated by the layer thickness, temperature, and excitation wavelength. We further elucidate the carrier dynamics and measure the polarization lifetime in these heterostructures. Our work provides a promising approach to achieve room temperature high-spin polarizations, which contribute to spin-photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mai He
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shula Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qingjun Tong
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lanyu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Mingxing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Matter Microstructure and Function of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kai Braun
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Zhang D, Zeng Z, Tong Q, Jiang Y, Chen S, Zheng B, Qu J, Li F, Zheng W, Jiang F, Zhao H, Huang L, Braun K, Meixner AJ, Wang X, Pan A. Near-Unity Polarization of Valley-Dependent Second-Harmonic Generation in Stacked TMDC Layers and Heterostructures at Room Temperature. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1908061. [PMID: 32530141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With unique valley-dependent optical and optoelectronic properties, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) are promising materials for valleytronics. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) in 2D TMDCs monolayers has shown valley-dependent optical selection rules. However, SHG in monolayer TMDCs is generally weak; it is important to obtain materials with both strong SHG signals and a large degree of polarization. In the work, a variety of inversion-symmetry-breaking (3R-like phase) TMDCs (WSe2 , WS2 , MoS2 ) atomic layers, spiral structures, and heterostructures are prepared, and their SHG polarization is studied. Through circular-polarization-resolved SHG experiments, it is demonstrated that the SHG intensity is enhanced in thicker samples by breaking inversion symmetry while maintaining the degree of polarization close to unity at room temperature. By studying TMDCs with different twist angles and the spiral structures, it is found that there is no significant effect of multilayer interlayer interaction on valley-dependent SHG. The realization of strong SHG with high degree of polarization may pave the way toward a new platform for nonlinear optical valleytronics devices based on 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhouxiaosong Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Qingjun Tong
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Shula Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Biyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Junyu Qu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Hepeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lanyu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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Hauler O, Wackenhut F, Jakob LA, Stuhl A, Laible F, Fleischer M, Meixner AJ, Braun K. Direct phase mapping of the light scattered by single plasmonic nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2020; 12:1083-1090. [PMID: 31845942 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a novel technique to directly measure the phase shift of the optical signal scattered by single plasmonic nanoparticles in a diffraction-limited laser focus. We accomplish this by equipping an inverted confocal microscope with a Michelson interferometer and scanning single nanoparticles through the focal volume while recording for each pixel interferograms of the scattered and a reference wave. For the experiments, lithographically prepared gold nanorods were used, since their plasmon resonances can be controlled via their aspect ratio. We have developed a theoretical model for image formation in confocal scattering microscopy for nanoparticles considerably smaller than the diffraction limited focus. We show that the phase shift observed for particles with different longitudinal particle plasmon resonances can be well explained by the harmonic oscillator model. The direct measurement of the phase shift can further improve the understanding of the elastic scattering of individual gold nanoparticles with respect to their plasmonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Hauler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Lukas A Jakob
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Alexander Stuhl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany.
| | - Florian Laible
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany and Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany and Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany. and Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany. and Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
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Wackenhut F, Jakob LA, Hauler O, Stuhl A, Laible F, Fleischer M, Braun K, Meixner AJ. Nanoscale plasmonic phase sensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3405-3411. [PMID: 31919613 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoparticles for sensing applications has attracted considerable interest, since it can be very sensitive, even down to a single molecule, and selective for a specific analyte molecule with a suitable surface modification. LSPR sensing is usually based on the wavelength shift of the LSPR or a Fano resonance. Here, we present a new experimental approach based on the phase of the light scattered by a single gold nanoparticle by equipping a confocal microscope with an additional interferometer arm similar to a Michelson interferometer. The detected phase depends on the shape of the nanoparticle and the refractive index of the surrounding medium and can even be detected for off-resonant excitation. This can be used as a new and sensitive detection method in LSPR sensing, allowing the detection of changes to the local refractive index or the binding of molecules to the nanoparticle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wackenhut
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Lukas A Jakob
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Otto Hauler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Stuhl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian Laible
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Monika Fleischer
- Institute for Applied Physics, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Center for Light-Matter-Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
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20
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Kumar K, Liu Q, Hiller J, Schedel C, Maier A, Meixner A, Braun K, Lauth J, Scheele M. Fast, Infrared-Active Optical Transistors Based on Dye-Sensitized CdSe Nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:48271-48280. [PMID: 31778068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report an optically gated transistor composed of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs), sensitized with the dye zinc β-tetraaminophthalocyanine for operation in the first telecom window. This device shows a high ON/OFF ratio of 6 orders of magnitude in the red spectral region and an unprecedented 4.5 orders of magnitude at 847 nm. By transient absorption spectroscopy, we reveal that this unexpected infrared sensitivity is due to electron transfer from the dye to the CdSe NCs within 5 ps. We show by time-resolved photocurrent measurements that this enables fast rise times during near-infrared optical gating of 47 ± 11 ns. Electronic coupling and accelerated nonradiative recombination of charge carriers at the interface between the dye and the CdSe NCs are further corroborated by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Field-effect transistor measurements indicate that the increase in photocurrent upon laser illumination is mainly due to the increase in the carrier concentration while the mobility remains unchanged. Our results illustrate that organic dyes as ligands for NCs invoke new optoelectronic functionalities, such as fast optical gating at sub-bandgap optical excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Quan Liu
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- Charles Delaunay Institute , CNRS Light, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies (L2n, former "LNIO") University of Technology of Troyes , 12 rue Marie Curie-CS 42060 , 10004 Troyes Cedex, France
| | - Jonas Hiller
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Christine Schedel
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Andre Maier
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Alfred Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+ , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 15 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3A , 30167 Hannover , Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines) , D-30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors & Analytics LISA+ , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 15 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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21
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Märker B, Hiller J, Wackenhut F, Braun K, Meixner A, Scheele M. Simultaneous positive and negative optical patterning with dye-sensitized CdSe quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:141102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Märker
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hiller
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Wackenhut
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred Meixner
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Sensors and Analytics LISA+, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Edenharter G, Gartner D, Heim M, Martin J, Pfeiffer U, Vogt F, Braun K, Pförringer D. Delay of transfer from the intensive care unit: a prospective observational analysis on economic effects of delayed in-house transfer. Eur J Med Res 2019; 24:30. [PMID: 31481124 PMCID: PMC6720386 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-019-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive care unit (ICU) capacity is a scant and precious resource in hospitals. Therefore, an optimal occupancy rate as well as detailed occupation planning is of great importance. Most literature deals with admission to the ICU, while only few discuss discharge from the ICU. Specifically, a delay of transfer from the ICU can cause a shortness of beds, jeopardize urgent patient treatment and lead to a decrease in treatment quality as well as economic downsides. This study examined the incidence, costs and reasons for delayed discharge from the ICU and analyzed the influence of the department the patient was admitted to. Methods Over the course of 12 months, the discharges of all 1643 patients of two surgical intensive care units of a large academic medical center were analyzed. Delay in minutes and reasons were recorded and translated into financial figures. A univariate logistic regression model was developed to evaluate the impact of length of stay at the ICU, age, gender, subspecialty and specific ICU on the delay of transfer. In a next step, significant factors of the univariate logistic regression were incorporated into a multivariate regression model. Results In 326 out of 1312 patients ready for discharge (24.8%), the transfer to the floor was delayed. Time of delay for all patients added up to a total of 265,691 min in 1 year. The application of the internal cost allocation, in which 1 min corresponds to 0.75 Euro cents, led to costs of 199,268 Euros (~ $240,000) for the study period. In 91.7% of the cases, the reason for the delay was the lack of an available or appropriate bed on the regular ward. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the type of department the patient is admitted to poses a significantly influencing factor for delayed discharge from the ICU. Conclusion Delay in discharge from the ICU is a common problem of economic relevance. The main reason is a lack of appropriate floor beds. Patients from certain specific departments are at a higher risk to be discharged with delay. A solution to this problem lies in the focus on the downstream units. A proper use of the scarce resources is to be pursued because of ethical as well as economic reasons in an increasingly aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Edenharter
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Munich, Germany
| | - D Gartner
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Heim
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Munich, Germany
| | - J Martin
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Munich, Germany
| | - U Pfeiffer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Munich, Germany
| | - F Vogt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - K Braun
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - D Pförringer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Chen D, Ferguson I, Braun K, Miller C, Ley T. LB1135 Altered cell populations in Dnmt3a-deficient murine epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Delforge X, Kongolo G, Cauliez A, Braun K, Haraux E, Buisson P. Transient pseudohypoaldosteronism: a potentially severe condition affecting infants with urinary tract malformation. J Pediatr Urol 2019; 15:265.e1-265.e7. [PMID: 30962012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism (S-PHA) is a life-threatening condition affecting young children with urinary tract malformation (UTM). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to highlight the diagnosis of S-PHA in children with UTM and propose appropriate management. STUDY DESIGN The authors retrospectively reviewed cases of S-PHA related to UTM observed at the institution and searched the PubMed® database to review the literature. RESULTS A total of 116 cases of S-PHA associated with UTM, including the four cases from the institution, were reviewed. One hundred six cases (92.2%) were younger than 6 months, and 95 cases (81.9%) occurred in boys. Urinary tract infection was associated in 105 cases (90.5%). All types of UTM were observed. In the absence of urinary tract infection, S-PHA was related to bilateral UTM or solitary kidney. In 89 cases (76.5%), S-PHA resolved with medical treatment only. In cases of UTM requiring immediate surgery, electrolyte imbalance related to S-PHA also resolved after surgery. Children with associated urinary tract infection and bilateral UTM are at higher risk of developing S-PHA. DISCUSSION The pathogenesis of S-PHA has not been fully elucidated. Renal tubular immaturity may be one of the factors involved, in view of the young age of the population being affected. A high rate of bilateral UTM (or UTM on solitary kidney) was observed (50.9%), suggesting an association with S-PHA. In the absence of urinary tract infection (UTI), S-PHA appeared to occur more frequently in the presence of bilateral UTM. Although the indication for early surgery remains unclear, it may have a role in the prevention of UTI and prevention of recurrence of S-PHA. Serum electrolytes should be checked in children with UTM before urological surgery, and/or presenting urinary tract infection, before the age of 6 months. The results of this study must be interpreted cautiously because of its retrospective nature and the fact that data were derived from various articles. Few articles on S-PHA related to UTM have been published in the literature. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the study constitutes the largest series published to date. CONCLUSIONS S-PHA results in potentially severe electrolyte imbalance and affects children younger than 6 months with UTI and/or UTM. Electrolyte abnormalities related to S-PHA often resolve after administration of appropriate intravenous electrolyte solution and treatment of UTI and/or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Delforge
- Department of Pediatric Urology, CHU Amiens, France.
| | - G Kongolo
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Amiens, France
| | - A Cauliez
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Amiens, France
| | - K Braun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, CHU Amiens, France
| | - E Haraux
- Department of Pediatric Urology, CHU Amiens, France
| | - P Buisson
- Department of Pediatric Urology, CHU Amiens, France
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25
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Weber M, Westendorf S, Märker B, Braun K, Scheele M. Opportunities and challenges for electrochemistry in studying the electronic structure of nanocrystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8992-9001. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We review the state-of-the-art of determining the electronic structure of nanocrystals in thin films by electrochemistry and emphasize the benefits of correlating electrochemical with spectroscopic methods to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Weber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Sophia Westendorf
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Björn Märker
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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Wurst KM, Bender M, Lauth J, Maiti S, Chassé T, Meixner A, Siebbeles LDA, Bunz UHF, Braun K, Scheele M. Correlated, Dual-Beam Optical Gating in Coupled Organic-Inorganic Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai M. Wurst
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Institute of Chemistry; Physical Chemistry; Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sonam Maiti
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Alfred Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Chemical Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Wurst KM, Bender M, Lauth J, Maiti S, Chassé T, Meixner A, Siebbeles LDA, Bunz UHF, Braun K, Scheele M. Correlated, Dual‐Beam Optical Gating in Coupled Organic–Inorganic Nanostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11559-11563. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai M. Wurst
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Institute of ChemistryPhysical ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9–11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Sonam Maiti
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Alfred Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Laurens D. A. Siebbeles
- Chemical EngineeringDelft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Braun K, Dobak S, Anderson M, Stamatakos A, Peterson S. RDN Characteristics and Interest in Advanced Practice Residencies. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.06.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Braun LH, Braun K, Frey B, Wolpert SM, Löwenheim H, Zips D, Welz S. Unilateral cochlea sparing in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: a planning study. Strahlenther Onkol 2018; 194:1124-1131. [PMID: 30109361 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-018-1344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cochlea sparing can reduce late ototoxicity in head and neck cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based radiochemotherapy. In this situation, a mean cochlear dose (MCD) constraint of 10 Gy has been suggested by others based on the dose-effect relationship of clinical data. We aimed to investigate whether this is feasible for primary and postoperative radiochemotherapy in locoregionally advanced tumors without compromising target coverage. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten patients treated with definitive and ten patients treated with adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy were investigated. The cochleae and a planning risk volume (PRV) with a 3 mm margin were newly delineated, whereas target volumes and other organs at risk were not changed. The initial plan was recalculated with a constraint of 10 Gy (MCD) on the low-risk side. The quality of the resulting plan was evaluated using the difference in the equivalent uniform dose (EUD). RESULTS A unilateral MCD of below 10 Gy could be achieved in every patient. The mean MCD was 6.8 Gy in the adjuvant cohort and 7.6 Gy in the definitive cohort, while the non-spared side showed a mean MCD of 18.7 and 30.3 Gy, respectively. The mean PRV doses were 7.8 and 8.4 Gy for the spared side and 18.5 and 29.8 Gy for the non-spared side, respectively. The mean EUD values of the initial and recalculated plans were identical. Target volume was not compromised. CONCLUSION Unilateral cochlea sparing with an MCD of less than 10 Gy is feasible without compromising the target volume or dose coverage in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT. A prospective evaluation of the clinical benefit of this approach as well as further investigation of the dose-response relationship for future treatment modification appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Braun
- Universitätsklinik für Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Braun
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - B Frey
- Universitätsklinik für Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S M Wolpert
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Löwenheim
- Universitätsklinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - D Zips
- Universitätsklinik für Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Welz
- Universitätsklinik für Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Sentell T, Seto T, Trinacty CM, Braun K, Taira D. Documenting Social and Behavioral Factors: Insights from Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Sentell
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States
| | - T Seto
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States
| | - C Mah Trinacty
- Kaiser Permanente's Center for Health Research, Honolulu, United States
| | - K Braun
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, United States
| | - D Taira
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, Hilo, United States
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Mohapatra S, Choi A, Braun K, Murphy E, Chao S, Suh J, Stevens G, Peereboom D, Xuefei J, Ahluwalia MS. P09.05 Treatment outcomes in young patients with glioblastoma: the Cleveland Clinic experience. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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André A, Theurer C, Lauth J, Maiti S, Hodas M, Samadi Khoshkhoo M, Kinge S, Meixner AJ, Schreiber F, Siebbeles LDA, Braun K, Scheele M. Structure, transport and photoconductance of PbS quantum dot monolayers functionalized with a copper phthalocyanine derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1700-1703. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We simultaneously surface-functionalize PbS nanocrystals with Cu 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-tetraaminophthalocyanine and assemble this hybrid material into macroscopic monolayers.
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Riou B, Braun K, Bony-Trifunovic H, Boudailliez B. Étude des facteurs associés à la rémission partielle dans le diabète de type 1 chez l’enfant. Arch Pediatr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ray C, Ferris D, Braun K. Expanding the global health workforce through resident education in
Obstetrics & Gynecology: The Medical College of Georgia
experience. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Bock J, Breuer S, Poeggel G, Braun K. Early life stress induces attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behavioral and brain metabolic dysfunctions: functional imaging of methylphenidate treatment in a novel rodent model. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:765-780. [PMID: 27306789 PMCID: PMC5334429 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In a novel animal model Octodon degus we tested the hypothesis that, in addition to genetic predisposition, early life stress (ELS) contributes to the etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behavioral symptoms and the associated brain functional deficits. Since previous neurochemical observations revealed that early life stress impairs dopaminergic functions, we predicted that these symptoms can be normalized by treatment with methylphenidate. In line with our hypothesis, the behavioral analysis revealed that repeated ELS induced locomotor hyperactivity and reduced attention towards an emotionally relevant acoustic stimulus. Functional imaging using (14C)-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose-autoradiography revealed that the behavioral symptoms are paralleled by metabolic hypoactivity of prefrontal, mesolimbic and subcortical brain areas. Finally, the pharmacological intervention provided further evidence that the behavioral and metabolic dysfunctions are due to impaired dopaminergic neurotransmission. Elevating dopamine in ELS animals by methylphenidate normalized locomotor hyperactivity and attention-deficit and ameliorated brain metabolic hypoactivity in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bock
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S Breuer
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - G Poeggel
- Institute for Biology, Human Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Braun
- Institute of Biology, Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Van Montfrans J, Hartman E, Braun K, Hennekam F, Hak A, Nederkoorn P, Westendorp W, Bredius R, Kollen W, Scholvinck E, Legger G, Meyts I, Liston A, Lichtenbelt K, Giltay J, Van Haaften G, De Vries Simons G, Leavis H, Nierkens S, Sanders C, Van Gijn M. Phenotypic variability in patients with ADA2 deficiency due to identical homozygous R169Q mutations. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2015. [PMCID: PMC4597174 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-13-s1-o7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Lang K, Robens S, Braun K, Tam Y, Behrens T, Noldus J, Tannapfel A, Brüning T, Käfferlein H. 424 CXCL16 and betaIGH3/TGFBI in urine as biomarkers for high-grade bladder cancer diagnostics. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Friese N, Braun K, Müller M, Tropitzsch A. [Personalized medicine in otology. The role of genetic diagnostics in patients with hearing impairment]. HNO 2015; 63:428-33. [PMID: 26059788 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-015-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classification of diseases on the molecular level is the basis for personalized medicine. Personalized medicine proposes to improve efficiency and quality of care, to reduce side effects and to increase long-term cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVES This paper is concerned with the role of genetic diagnostics in patients with a cochlear implant. MATERIAL AND METHODS A selective literature search in PubMed was performed. RESULTS Genetic diagnosis allows ruling out syndromic hearing loss and thus prevents follow-up studies. It allows genetic counseling, prognosis and advice on family planning and targeted prevention. Due to its minimal invasiveness, it is suitable for evaluation of factors accounting for hearing loss in children. CONCLUSIONS Molecular medicine plays a major role in the treatment of sensorineural hearings loss with cochlear implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Friese
- Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hearing aids (HA) provide adequate support for many patients with hearing loss, but not all. Around one third of 10.000 patients provided with hearing aids in the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit felt no actual benefit when using the hearing aid, although they demonstrated the necessary hearing improvement on speech audiometry. Epidemiological data show bad compliance, especially in older people. Only one in three hearing aid owners wears their device regularly. For this subpopulation of patients active middle ear implants (AMEIs) have been used since 1998. In the present review, the current indications for AMEIs are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS A selective literature search in PubMed, as well as a guideline search at the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (German Association of Scientific Societies), was carried out. RESULTS The present review shows that when there is an adequate indication the hearing capacity of patients can be thoroughly rehabilitated and thus their quality of life improved with the help of AMEIs. Although most commercially available systems have a satisfactory risk profile, increased extrusion rates, malfunctioning and facial paresis have been reported in older implant series. The advantages of AMEIs include increased hearing gain, reduced feedback, increased hearing quality, increased speech discrimination in the presence of background noise, and an absence of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS The audiological indication for AMEIs in primary care is usually controversial, since the functional hearing gain and increase in speech discrimination may be small compared with modern conventional hearing aids. AMEIs thus play a main role in the secondary care of patients who do not have sufficient benefit or who have side effects after having a conventional hearing aid fitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Braun
- Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie, Plastische Operationen, Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland,
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Braun K, Wang X, Kern AM, Adler H, Peisert H, Chassé T, Zhang D, Meixner AJ. Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2015; 6:1100-6. [PMID: 26171286 PMCID: PMC4463973 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a bias-driven superluminescent point light-source based on an optically pumped molecular junction (gold substrate/self-assembled molecular monolayer/gold tip) of a scanning tunneling microscope, operating at ambient conditions and providing almost three orders of magnitude higher electron-to-photon conversion efficiency than electroluminescence induced by inelastic tunneling without optical pumping. A positive, steadily increasing bias voltage induces a step-like rise of the Stokes shifted optical signal emitted from the junction. This emission is strongly attenuated by reversing the applied bias voltage. At high bias voltage, the emission intensity depends non-linearly on the optical pump power. The enhanced emission can be modelled by rate equations taking into account hole injection from the tip (anode) into the highest occupied orbital of the closest substrate-bound molecule (lower level) and radiative recombination with an electron from above the Fermi level (upper level), hence feeding photons back by stimulated emission resonant with the gap mode. The system reflects many essential features of a superluminescent light emitting diode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Kern
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hilmar Adler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alfred J Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Horneber A, Braun K, Rogalski J, Leiderer P, Meixner AJ, Zhang D. Nonlinear optical imaging of single plasmonic nanoparticles with 30 nm resolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:21288-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05342g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond-scanning near-field optical microscopy resolves the location-correlated second harmonic generation and two-photon photoluminescence from single nanoparticles with 30 nm resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Horneber
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Kai Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Jan Rogalski
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Paul Leiderer
- Department of Physics
- University of Konstanz
- 78457 Konstanz
- Germany
| | - Alfred J. Meixner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction
- Sensors & Analytics
- University of Tuebingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 15
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Braun K, Champagne FA. Paternal influences on offspring development: behavioural and epigenetic pathways. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:697-706. [PMID: 25039356 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although mammalian parent-offspring interactions during early life are primarily through the mother, there is increasing evidence for the impact of fathers on offspring development. A critical issue concerns the pathways through which this paternal influence is achieved. In the present review, we highlight the literature suggesting several of these routes of paternal effects in mammals. First, similar to mothers, fathers can influence offspring development through the direct care of offspring, as has been observed in biparental species. Second, there is growing evidence that, even in the absence of contact with offspring, fathers can transmit environmentally-induced effects (i.e. behavioural, neurobiological and metabolic phenotypes induced by stress, nutrition and toxins) to offspring and it has been speculated that these effects are achieved through inherited epigenetic variation within the patriline. Third, fathers may also impact the quality of mother-infant interactions and thus achieve an indirect influence on offspring. Importantly, these pathways of paternal influence are not mutually exclusive but rather serve as an illustration of the complex mechanisms through which parental influence is achieved. These influences may serve to transmit traits across generations, thus leading to a transgenerational transmission of neurobiological and behavioural phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Braun
- Department of Zoology/Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Köhler C, Ahrens M, Behrens T, Eisenacher M, Braun K, Jöckel K, Erbel R, Tannapfel A, Brüning T, Käfferlein H. 437: Identification of a specific and sensitive urinary DNA hypermethylation signature for bladder cancer diagnosis. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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van ’t Klooster M, Ferrier C, van Klink N, Zelmann R, Braun K, Leijten F, Huiskamp G, Zijlmans M. O61: Can single pulse stimulation help to distinguish between pathological and physiological high frequency oscillations? Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Devauchelle C, Braun K, Tourneux P, Chardon K, Ricard J, Buisson P, Canarelli J, Boudailliez B, Bach V, Haraux E. SFCP CO-31 - Facteurs prédictifs d’hypospadias en Picardie. Résultats préliminaires. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)71669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Routier L, Decker C, Le Moing A, Simonnot A, Bodin E, Braun K, Delignieres A, Berquin P. SFP P-065 – Découverte d’un hamartome hypothalamique devant des crises gélastiques et des spasmes infantiles. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)72035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Braun K, Cruaux L, Fabris R, Morran J, Ho L, Drikas M. Comparison of coagulation and MIEX pre-treatment processes for bacterial and turbidity removal, utilizing real-time optical monitoring techniques. Environ Technol 2014; 35:1038-1045. [PMID: 24645488 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.859737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Jar testing and flow cytometry were used in conjunction with photometric dispersion analysis (PDA) to assess conventional alum coagulation with and without magnetic ion exchange (MIEX) pre-treatment for turbidity and bacterial removal capacity. Treatment assessment included powdered activated carbon (PAC) and pre-chlorination of the MIEX-treated raw water. Floc particles were subjected to shear forces after settling and re-suspended to gauge bacterial release potential, floc breakage and re-aggregation. MIEX in conjunction with alum coagulation achieved improved coagulation as measured by PDA but did not increase bacterial log removal value (LRV) in comparison with conventional coagulation. Pre-chlorination and PAC addition were seen to improve bacterial removal and coagulation, respectively, but were less effective for bacterial LRVs when they were used in conjunction during coagulation.
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Escobar PA, Kemper RA, Tarca J, Nicolette J, Kenyon M, Glowienke S, Sawant SG, Christensen J, Johnson TE, McKnight C, Ward G, Galloway SM, Custer L, Gocke E, O'Donovan MR, Braun K, Snyder RD, Mahadevan B. Corrigendum to "Bacterial mutagenicity screening in the pharmaceutical industry" [Mutat. Res. 752(2) (2013) 99-118]. Mutat Res 2013; 753:155. [PMID: 33348475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Escobar
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA.
| | - R A Kemper
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | - J Tarca
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA
| | | | - M Kenyon
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - S Glowienke
- Novartis Pharma AG, Werk Klybeck Klybeckstrasse 141, Basel CH-4057, Switzerland
| | - S G Sawant
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
| | - J Christensen
- Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - T E Johnson
- Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - C McKnight
- Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - G Ward
- Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - S M Galloway
- Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - L Custer
- Bristol Myers-Squib, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - E Gocke
- Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - M R O'Donovan
- AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - K Braun
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, D-65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R D Snyder
- Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA 19486, USA; RDS Consulting Services, Maineville, OH 45039, USA
| | - B Mahadevan
- Merck Research Laboratories West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Jäger S, Kern AM, Hentschel M, Jäger R, Braun K, Zhang D, Giessen H, Meixner AJ. Au nanotip as luminescent near-field probe. Nano Lett 2013; 13:3566-3570. [PMID: 23815414 DOI: 10.1021/nl401173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new optical near-field mapping method, namely utilizing the plasmon-mediated luminescence from the apex of a sharp gold nanotip. The tip acts as a quasi-point light source which does not suffer from bleaching and gives a spatial resolution of ≤25 nm. We demonstrate our method by imaging the near field of azimuthally and radially polarized plasmonic modes of nonluminescent aluminum oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jäger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Bock J, Poeggel G, Gruss M, Wingenfeld K, Braun K. Infant Cognitive Training Preshapes Learning-Relevant Prefrontal Circuits for Adult Learning: Learning-Induced Tagging of Dendritic Spines. Cereb Cortex 2013; 24:2920-30. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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