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Messing M, Gatti DM, Mashhouri S, Nantel S, Sultana S, Westhaver LP, Patel KD, Marshall AJ, Haeryfar SMM, Jenne CN, Abraham N, Melichar HJ, McNagny KM, Valdez Tejeira Y. A Retrospective Analysis of Leadership, Awardees, and Member Gender Representation of the Canadian Society for Immunology. J Immunol 2024; 212:1257-1267. [PMID: 38560813 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The Canadian Society for Immunology (CSI) established a formal Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Committee with the goal of providing EDI advocacy and leadership within the CSI, as well as in the broader scientific community. A first task of this committee was to review the publicly available historical data on gender representation within the CSI's membership, leadership, award recipients, and conference chairs/presenters as a step in establishing a baseline reference point and monitoring the trajectory of future success in achieving true inclusion. We found that, except for overall membership and a specific subset of awards, all categories showed a historical bias toward men, particularly prior to 2010. Bias persists in various categories, evident even in recent years. However, we note an encouraging trend toward greater gender parity, particularly in the roles of President, symposium presenters, and workshop chairs, especially from 2017 onward. We present these findings as well as our recommendations to enhance inclusivity. These include a more comprehensive collection and secure storage of self-identification data, emphasis on EDI as an essential component of all annual meeting activities, and innovative measures of outreach, collaboration, and leadership with the aim of making the CSI a model for improving EDI in other professional research societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Messing
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominique M Gatti
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Siavash Mashhouri
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabryna Nantel
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lauren P Westhaver
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kamala D Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- **Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ninan Abraham
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yanet Valdez Tejeira
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Brassard J, Hughes MR, Dean P, Hernaez DC, Thornton S, Banville AC, Smazynski J, Warren M, Zhang K, Milne K, Gilks CB, Mes-Masson AM, Huntsman DG, Nelson BH, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. A tumor-restricted glycoform of podocalyxin is a highly selective marker of immunologically cold high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1286754. [PMID: 38188285 PMCID: PMC10771318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1286754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted-immunotherapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or bispecific T-cell engagers (eg, BiTE®) all aim to improve cancer treatment by directly targeting cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues. Success of these therapies requires tumor antigens that are abundantly expressed and, ideally, tumor specific. The CD34-related stem cell sialomucin, podocalyxin (PODXL), is a promising target as it is overexpressed on a variety of tumor types and its expression is consistently linked to poor prognosis. However, PODXL is also expressed in healthy tissues including kidney podocytes and endothelia. To circumvent this potential pitfall, we developed an antibody, named PODO447, that selectively targets a tumor-associated glycoform of PODXL. This tumor glycoepitope is expressed by 65% of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) tumors. Methods In this study we characterize these PODO447-expressing tumors as a distinct subset of HGSOC using four different patient cohorts that include pre-chemotherapy, post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and relapsing tumors as well as tumors from various peritoneal locations. Results We find that the PODO447 epitope expression is similar across tumor locations and negligibly impacted by chemotherapy. Invariably, tumors with high levels of the PODO447 epitope lack infiltrating CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells/plasma cells, an immune phenotype consistently associated with poor outcome. Discussion We conclude that the PODO447 glycoepitope is an excellent biomarker of immune "cold" tumors and a candidate for the development of targeted-therapies for these hard-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyanne Brassard
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shelby Thornton
- Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Mary Warren
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin Zhang
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Katy Milne
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - C. Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David G. Huntsman
- Molecular and Advanced Pathology Core (MAPcore), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Calvin D. Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Sekhon MS, Stukas S, Hirsch-Reinshagen V, Thiara S, Schoenthal T, Tymko M, McNagny KM, Wellington C, Hoiland R. Neuroinflammation and the immune system in hypoxic ischaemic brain injury pathophysiology after cardiac arrest. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37639379 DOI: 10.1113/jp284588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic ischaemic brain injury after resuscitation from cardiac arrest is associated with dismal clinical outcomes. To date, most clinical interventions have been geared towards the restoration of cerebral oxygen delivery after resuscitation; however, outcomes in clinical trials are disappointing. Therefore, alternative disease mechanism(s) are likely to be at play, of which the response of the innate immune system to sterile injured tissue in vivo after reperfusion has garnered significant interest. The innate immune system is composed of three pillars: (i) cytokines and signalling molecules; (ii) leucocyte migration and activation; and (iii) the complement cascade. In animal models of hypoxic ischaemic brain injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines are central to propagation of the response of the innate immune system to cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. In particular, interleukin-1 beta and downstream signalling can result in direct neural injury that culminates in cell death, termed pyroptosis. Leucocyte chemotaxis and activation are central to the in vivo response to cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. Both parenchymal microglial activation and possible infiltration of peripherally circulating monocytes might account for exacerbation of an immunopathological response in humans. Finally, activation of the complement cascade intersects with multiple aspects of the innate immune response by facilitating leucocyte activation, further cytokine release and endothelial activation. To date, large studies of immunomodulatory therapies have not been conducted; however, lessons learned from historical studies using therapeutic hypothermia in humans suggest that quelling an immunopathological response might be efficacious. Future work should delineate the precise pathways involved in vivo in humans to target specific signalling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mypinder S Sekhon
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Centre for Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie Stukas
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronica Hirsch-Reinshagen
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Centre for Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonny Thiara
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tison Schoenthal
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Tymko
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- International Centre for Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Hoiland
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Collaborative Entity for REsearching BRain Ischemia (CEREBRI), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Shin SB, McNagny KM. Unconventional T cells in chronic disease and as targets of therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:10-12. [PMID: 37326969 PMCID: PMC10324545 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Shin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (HLI), St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Jan-Abu SC, Kabil A, McNagny KM. Parallel origins and functions of T cells and ILCs. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:76-86. [PMID: 37235977 PMCID: PMC10324547 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue resident cells that are triggered through a relatively broad spectrum of alarmins, inflammatory cues, neuropeptides, and hormones. Functionally, ILCs are akin to subsets of helper T cells and are characterized by a similar effector cytokine profile. They also share a dependency on many of the same essential transcription factors identified for the maintenance and survival of T cells. The key distinguishing factor between the ILC family and T cells is the lack of antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) on ILCs and, thus, they can be considered the "ultimate invariant T cells". ILCs, like T cells, orchestrate downstream effector inflammatory responses by adjusting the cytokine microenvironment in a fashion that promotes protection, health, and homeostasis at mucosal barrier sites. But also, like T cells, ILCs have recently been implicated in several pathological inflammatory disease states. This review focuses on the selective role of ILCs in the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and fibrosis in the gut where a complex ILC interplay has been shown to either attenuate or worsen disease. Finally, we discuss new data on TCR gene rearrangements in subsets of ILCs that challenge the current dogma linking their origin to committed bone marrow progenitors and instead propose a thymic origin for at least some ILCs. In addition, we highlight how naturally occurring TCR rearrangements and the expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules in ILCs provide a useful natural barcode for these cells and may prove instrumental in studying their origins and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sia C Jan-Abu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Kabil
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (HLI), St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mashhouri S, Nantel S, Sultana S, Gatti D, Westhaver LP, Messing M, McNagny KM, Jenne CN, Melichar HJ, Valdez Tejeira Y, Nersesian S. Equity, Diversity and Inclusion in Canadian immunology: communication and complexity. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:473-478. [PMID: 37393193 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian Society for Immunology (CSI) organized an Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) training workshop during its 2022 Scientific Meeting to improve understanding of EDI and explore strategies to achieve EDI goals in the scientific environment. The workshop focused on identifying Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (SMART) goals related to EDI in academia through small group discussions and learning exercises. Attendees highlighted several equity considerations within the field of academic immunology, including financial barriers, lack of diversity in research teams and gender bias; they emphasized the importance of creating an inclusive and accessible research environment. The collection and use of data relevant to EDI goals within the CSI were also identified as challenges. Fostering a culture of active and nonjudgmental listening within the CSI community is another aspirational goal to address EDI. The workshop received positive feedback from attendees, who noted that more diverse voices and specific actions for local research environments are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Mashhouri
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabryna Nantel
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saki Sultana
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Dominique Gatti
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren P Westhaver
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melina Messing
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Craig N Jenne
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yanet Valdez Tejeira
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Trainee Engagement Committee, The Canadian Society for Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Dean PMA, Hernaez DC, Brassard J, Hughes MR, Bell EM, McNagny KM, Roskelley CD. Abstract 1134: Therapeutic potential of an antibody-drug conjugate directed against a tumor-specific epitope on podocalyxin. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Podocalyxin (Podxl) is a cell surface sialomucin that is frequently upregulated in tumors with high metastatic potential and its expression is associated with poor outcome in several human cancers. As such, Podxl is emerging as an important prognostic and theragnostic marker. While Podxl is expressed on normal vascular endothelia and kidney podocytes, we sought to produce a novel anti-Podxl antibody that selectively recognizes a tumor-restricted glycoepitope on the extracellular mucin domain of Podxl. The antibody we have produced, PODO447, is specific to the tumor glycoform of Podxl, demonstrated by a lack of binding to normal tissues that are known to express Podxl. In contrast, we show binding of the antibody to tumor cell lines, patient-derived cell lines, and primary tumor tissues. We have previously shown that the majority of tumors in an ovarian carcinoma array (219 cases), including 65% of the high-grade serous histotype, are positive for PODO447. Here, we further show the presence of PODO447 in tumors of the breast, urothelium, pancreas, endometrium, colon, prostate, lung (both small cell and non-small cell), and glioblastoma. To assess the therapeutic potential of our antibody as an antibody drug conjugate (ADC), we coupled PODO447 to the microtubule disruptor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) with an enzyme cleavable linker carbamoyl p-aminobenzyl carbamate (PABC), resulting in the ADC PODO447-Vedotin. We demonstrate promising in vitro activity of the ADC to various human tumor cell lines as well as in vivo efficacy to xenografted ovarian and pancreatic tumor lines. Our data reveals PODO447-Vedotin as a tumor-specific and highly efficacious therapeutic agent for the targeting of human tumors and as such, PODO447 exhibits potential for further development as a targeted clinical immunotherapy.
Citation Format: Pamela M. Austin Dean, Diana Canals Hernaez, Julyanne Brassard, Michael R. Hughes, Erin M. Bell, Kelly M. McNagny, Calvin D. Roskelley. Therapeutic potential of an antibody-drug conjugate directed against a tumor-specific epitope on podocalyxin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1134.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julyanne Brassard
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin M. Bell
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bell EM, Kalloger SE, Dean PM, Kopp JL, McNagny KM, Roskelley CD. Abstract 3621: Identification of podocalyxin-positive tumor buds in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Implications for solid tumor collective invasion. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
High expression of the single-pass transmembrane sialomucin, podocalyxin, has been shown to predict poor disease outcome in a number of solid tumor types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (Taniuchi et al., 2016). In addition to the classical TMN staging measures of disease progression (tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis) local invasion at the primary tumor site is a valuable indicator of solid tumor progression. Local invasion has been observed histologically as tumor buds, defined by the presence of small cohesive clusters of tumor cells in the invasive tumor-stromal interface. To date, tumor budding has been characterized as an indicator of poor prognostic outcome in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUA), stomach and esophageal carcinomas, oral squamous cell carcinoma, periampullary adenocarcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our group has previously modelled tumor budding experimentally using the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line (Graves et al., 2016). We showed that forced over-expression of podocalyxin was a driver of local collective invasion and tumor budding in vitro and in vivo. Because podocalyxin is highly expressed in PDAC we sought to determine if its expression was involved in the process of tumor budding in this tumor context as well. We assessed large format histological sections from a cohort of patient PDAC tumors and identified high podocalyxin expression in tumor buds. Further, we generated podocalyxin-null MiaPaCa2 PDAC cell lines and demonstrated that podocalyxin-expression is required for collective invasion in 3D culture conditions. We are currently evaluating in vivo xenograft tumor models with these podocalyxin-expressing and podocalyxin-null MiaPaCa2 cells to determine whether changes in 3D culture invasion are representative of tumor budding in this model. Expression of podocalyxin by tumor buds provides rationale to support investigation into the impact of therapeutically targeting these invasive cells.
Citation Format: Erin M. Bell, Steve E. Kalloger, Pamela M. Dean, Janel L. Kopp, Kelly M. McNagny, Calvin D. Roskelley. Identification of podocalyxin-positive tumor buds in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Implications for solid tumor collective invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3621.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Bell
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steve E. Kalloger
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pamela M. Dean
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janel L. Kopp
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Sauge E, Pechkovsky D, Atmuri NDP, Tehrani AY, White Z, Dong Y, Cait J, Hughes M, Tam A, Donen G, Yuen C, Walker MJA, McNagny KM, Sin DD, Ciufolini MA, Bernatchez P. Losartan metabolite EXP3179 is a unique blood pressure-lowering AT1R antagonist with direct, rapid endothelium-dependent vasoactive properties. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 147:107112. [PMID: 36179789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Losartan is an anti-hypertensive angiotensin II (ANGII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker (ARB) with many unexpected therapeutic properties, even in non-blood pressure (BP)-related diseases. Administered as a prodrug, losartan undergoes serial metabolism into EXP3179, a metabolite alleged to lack AT1R-blocking properties, and EXP3174, the dominant AT1R antagonist. Having observed that losartan can decrease vascular tone in mice with low AT1R expression and inhibit Marfan aortic widening at very high doses, we investigated whether EXP3179 may have unique, AT1R-independent effects on vascular tone and endothelial function. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We compared the AT1R blocking capabilities of EXP3179 and EXP3174 using AT1R-expressing cell lines. Their BP lowering and vasoactive properties were studied in normal, hypertensive and transgenic rodents, and ex vivo wire myography. KEY RESULTS We observed that both EXP3179 and EXP3174 can fully block (100%) AT1R signaling in vitro and significantly decrease BP in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Only EXP3179 prevented PE-induced contraction by up to 65% (p < 0.01) in L-NAME and endothelium removal-sensitive fashion. Use of transgenic mice revealed that these effects involve the eNOS/caveolin-1 axis and the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor (EDHF). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We provide direct structure-activity evidence that EXP3179 is a BP-lowering AT1R blocker with unique endothelial function-enhancing properties not shared with losartan or EXP3174. The major pharmacological effects of losartan in patients are therefore likely more complex than simple blockade of AT1R by EXP3174, which helps rationalize its therapeutic and prophylactic properties, especially at very high doses. Reports relying on EXP3179 as an AT1R-independent losartan analogue may require careful re-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Sauge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dmitri Pechkovsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - N D Prasad Atmuri
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Arash Y Tehrani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zoe White
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael Hughes
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Tam
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Graham Donen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher Yuen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael J A Walker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marco A Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada.
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10
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Jiang SZ, To JL, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Kim H. Platelet signaling at the nexus of innate immunity and rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977828. [PMID: 36505402 PMCID: PMC9732516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial tissues and progressive destruction of bone and cartilage. The inflammatory response and subsequent tissue degradation are orchestrated by complex signaling networks between immune cells and their products in the blood, vascular endothelia and the connective tissue cells residing in the joints. Platelets are recognized as immune-competent cells with an important role in chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA. Here we review the specific aspects of platelet function relevant to arthritic disease, including current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between platelets and other innate immune cells that modulate RA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Z. Jiang
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L. To
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,*Correspondence: Hugh Kim,
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11
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Messing M, Sekhon MS, Hughes MR, Stukas S, Hoiland RL, Cooper J, Ahmed N, Hamer MS, Li Y, Shin SB, Tung LW, Wellington CL, Sin DD, Leslie KB, McNagny KM. Prognostic peripheral blood biomarkers at ICU admission predict COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010216. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the capacities of hospital ICUs which currently lack the ability to identify prospectively those patients who may require extended management. In this study of 90 ICU COVID-19 patients, we evaluated serum levels of four cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNFα) as well as standard clinical and laboratory measurements. On 42 of these patients (binned into Initial and Replication Cohorts), we further performed CyTOF-based deep immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a panel of 38 antibodies. All measurements and patient samples were taken at time of ICU admission and retrospectively linked to patient clinical outcomes through statistical approaches. These analyses resulted in the definition of a new measure of patient clinical outcome: patients who will recover after short ICU stays (< 6 days) and those who will subsequently die or recover after long ICU stays (≥6 days). Based on these clinical outcome categories, we identified blood prognostic biomarkers that, at time of ICU admission, prospectively distinguish, with 91% sensitivity and 91% specificity (positive likelihood ratio 10.1), patients in the two clinical outcome groups. This is achieved through a tiered evaluation of serum IL-10 and targeted immunophenotyping of monocyte subsets, specifically, CD11clow classical monocytes. Both immune biomarkers were consistently elevated ( ≥15 pg/ml and ≥2.7 x107/L for serum IL-10 and CD11clow classical monocytes, respectively) in those patients who will subsequently die or recover after long ICU stays. This highly sensitive and specific prognostic test could prove useful in guiding clinical resource allocation.
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12
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Brassard J, Hughes MR, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting Tumor-Specific Mucin Glycoepitopes. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2022; 27:301. [PMID: 36472102 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2711301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Finding the ideal epitope to target is a key element for the development of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). To maximize drug delivery to tumor cells and reduce side effects, this epitope should be specific to cancer cells and spare all normal tissue. During cancer progression, glycosylation pathways are frequently altered leading to the generation of new glycosylation patterns selective to cancer cells. Mucins are highly glycosylated proteins frequently expressed on tumors and, thus, ideal presenters of altered glycoepitopes. In this review, we describe three different types of glycoepitopes that are recognized by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and, therefore, serve as ideal scaffolds for ADC; glycan-only, glycopeptide and shielded-peptide glycoepitopes. We review pre-clinical and clinical results obtained with ADCs targeting glycoepitopes expressed on MUC1 or podocalyxin (Podxl) and two mAbs targeting glycoepitopes expressed on MUC16 or MUC5AC as potential candidates for ADC development. Finally, we discuss current limits in using glycoepitope-targeting ADCs to treat cancer and propose methods to improve their efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyanne Brassard
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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13
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Kabil A, Shin SB, Hughes MR, McNagny KM. “Just one word, plastic!”: Controversies and caveats in innate lymphoid cell plasticity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946905. [PMID: 36052086 PMCID: PMC9427196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are frontline immune effectors involved in the early stages of host defense and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, particularly at mucosal surfaces such as the intestine, lung, and skin. Canonical ILCs are described as tissue-resident cells that populate peripheral tissues early in life and respond appropriately based on environmental exposure and their anatomical niche and tissue microenvironment. Intriguingly, there are accumulating reports of ILC “plasticity” that note the existence of non-canonical ILCs that exhibit distinct patterns of master transcription factor expression and cytokine production profiles in response to tissue inflammation. Yet this concept of ILC-plasticity is controversial due to several confounding caveats that include, among others, the independent large-scale recruitment of new ILC subsets from distal sites and the local, in situ, differentiation of uncommitted resident precursors. Nevertheless, the ability of ILCs to acquire unique characteristics and adapt to local environmental cues is an attractive paradigm because it would enable the rapid adaptation of innate responses to a wider array of pathogens even in the absence of pre-existing ‘prototypical’ ILC responder subsets. Despite the impressive recent progress in understanding ILC biology, the true contribution of ILC plasticity to tissue homeostasis and disease and how it is regulated remains obscure. Here, we detail current methodologies used to study ILC plasticity in mice and review the mechanisms that drive and regulate functional ILC plasticity in response to polarizing signals in their microenvironment and different cytokine milieus. Finally, we discuss the physiological relevance of ILC plasticity and its implications for potential therapeutics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kabil
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel B. Shin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (HLI), St Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kelly M. McNagny,
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14
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Cederberg RA, Franks SE, Wadsworth BJ, So A, Decotret LR, Hall MG, Shi R, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Bennewith KL. Eosinophils Decrease Pulmonary Metastatic Mammary Tumor Growth. Front Oncol 2022; 12:841921. [PMID: 35756626 PMCID: PMC9213661 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.841921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is challenging to effectively treat, highlighting the need for an improved understanding of host factors that influence metastatic tumor cell colonization and growth in distant tissues. The lungs are a common site of breast cancer metastasis and are host to a population of tissue-resident eosinophils. Eosinophils are granulocytic innate immune cells known for their prominent roles in allergy and Th2 immunity. Though their presence in solid tumors and metastases have been reported for decades, the influence of eosinophils on metastatic tumor growth in the lungs is unclear. We used transgenic mouse models characterized by elevated pulmonary eosinophils (IL5Tg mice) and eosinophil-deficiency (ΔdblGATA mice), as well as antibody-mediated depletion of eosinophils, to study the role of eosinophils in EO771 mammary tumor growth in the lungs. We found that IL5Tg mice exhibit reduced pulmonary metastatic colonization and decreased metastatic tumor burden compared to wild-type (WT) mice or eosinophil-deficient mice. Eosinophils co-cultured with tumor cells ex vivo produced peroxidase activity and induced tumor cell death, indicating that eosinophils are capable of releasing eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) and killing EO771 tumor cells. We found that lung eosinophils expressed phenotypic markers of activation during EO771 tumor growth in the lungs, and that metastatic growth was accelerated in eosinophil-deficient mice and in WT mice after immunological depletion of eosinophils. Our results highlight an important role for eosinophils in restricting mammary tumor cell growth in the lungs and support further work to determine whether strategies to trigger local eosinophil degranulation may decrease pulmonary metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Cederberg
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Brennan J Wadsworth
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alvina So
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa R Decotret
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael G Hall
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rocky Shi
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L Bennewith
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Canals Hernaez D, Hughes MR, Li Y, Mainero Rocca I, Dean P, Brassard J, Bell EM, Samudio I, Mes-Masson AM, Narimatsu Y, Clausen H, Blixt O, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. Targeting a Tumor-Specific Epitope on Podocalyxin Increases Survival in Human Tumor Preclinical Models. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856424. [PMID: 35600398 PMCID: PMC9115113 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (Podxl) is a CD34-related cell surface sialomucin that is normally highly expressed by adult vascular endothelia and kidney podocytes where it plays a key role in blocking adhesion. Importantly, it is also frequently upregulated on a wide array of human tumors and its expression often correlates with poor prognosis. We previously showed that, in xenograft studies, Podxl plays a key role in metastatic disease by making tumor initiating cells more mobile and invasive. Recently, we developed a novel antibody, PODO447, which shows exquisite specificity for a tumor-restricted glycoform of Podxl but does not react with Podxl expressed by normal adult tissue. Here we utilized an array of glycosylation defective cell lines to further define the PODO447 reactive epitope and reveal it as an O-linked core 1 glycan presented in the context of the Podxl peptide backbone. Further, we show that when coupled to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) toxic payload, PODO447 functions as a highly specific and effective antibody drug conjugate (ADC) in killing ovarian, pancreatic, glioblastoma and leukemia cell lines in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate PODO447-ADCs are highly effective in targeting human pancreatic and ovarian tumors in xenografted NSG and Nude mouse models. These data reveal PODO447-ADCs as exquisitely tumor-specific and highly efficacious immunotherapeutic reagents for the targeting of human tumors. Thus, PODO447 exhibits the appropriate characteristics for further development as a targeted clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yicong Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ilaria Mainero Rocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julyanne Brassard
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Brassard J, Hernaez DC, Hughes MR, Milne K, Dean P, Warren M, Zhang K, Banville AC, Smazynski J, Bond D, Nelson BH, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. A tumor-restricted glycoepitope of podocalyxin correlates with immune evasion in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.177.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is an aggressive tumor with a 5-year disease-free survival of roughly 15%, partly because it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Podocalyxin (Podxl) is a highly glycosylated sialomucin normally expressed by vascular endothelia and kidney podocytes. Strikingly, Podxl expression is frequently upregulated by a variety of tumors (including HGSOC) and is consistently associated with poor prognosis. We capitalized on the fact that glycosylation pathways are frequently dysregulated in cancer to develop an antibody, PODO447, that recognizes a tumor-restricted glycoform of Podxl not expressed on normal tissue. While the exact epitope remains to be identified, our results suggest that PODO447 binds an epitope comprising a peptide domain of Podxl in combination with the core 1 O-GalNAc glycan (T-antigen). When coupled to a cytotoxin, a PODO447-antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) effectively kills human tumor cells in vitro and in xenografted mice. While the vast majority of ovarian tumors highly express the Podxl core protein, only a subset of these express the PODO447 epitope. Strikingly, tumors that express a high level of PODO447 epitope tend to be those that lack infiltrating CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells: a phenotype that has previously been linked to immune evasion and poorest disease-free survival. Furthermore, we find that PODO447 is a more consistent marker of these immunologically “cold” tumors than a number of other markers, including CA125, mesothelin and folate receptor α. These results highlight the PODO447-epitope as a highly selective diagnostic marker of poor outcome tumors and the PODO447-ADC as a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention.
This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Grant Number: PJT-166180), the School of Biomedical Engineering (The University of British Columbia) postdoctoral fellowship and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research (MSFHR) research trainee award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyanne Brassard
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Michael R Hughes
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katy Milne
- 2Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Pamela Dean
- 3Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Univ. of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary Warren
- 2Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Kevin Zhang
- 2Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Allyson C Banville
- 2Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Julian Smazynski
- 2Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - David Bond
- 2Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- 2Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- 3Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Univ. of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Heydari T, A. Langley M, Fisher CL, Aguilar-Hidalgo D, Shukla S, Yachie-Kinoshita A, Hughes M, M. McNagny K, Zandstra PW. IQCELL: A platform for predicting the effect of gene perturbations on developmental trajectories using single-cell RNA-seq data. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009907. [PMID: 35213533 PMCID: PMC8906617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from various developmental systems provides the opportunity to infer gene regulatory networks (GRNs) directly from data. Herein we describe IQCELL, a platform to infer, simulate, and study executable logical GRNs directly from scRNA-seq data. Such executable GRNs allow simulation of fundamental hypotheses governing developmental programs and help accelerate the design of strategies to control stem cell fate. We first describe the architecture of IQCELL. Next, we apply IQCELL to scRNA-seq datasets from early mouse T-cell and red blood cell development, and show that the platform can infer overall over 74% of causal gene interactions previously reported from decades of research. We will also show that dynamic simulations of the generated GRN qualitatively recapitulate the effects of known gene perturbations. Finally, we implement an IQCELL gene selection pipeline that allows us to identify candidate genes, without prior knowledge. We demonstrate that GRN simulations based on the inferred set yield results similar to the original curated lists. In summary, the IQCELL platform offers a versatile tool to infer, simulate, and study executable GRNs in dynamic biological systems. Executable GRNs provide an important strategy to model complex intracellular dynamics in development and disease. Here we introduce IQCELL, a platform to infer, simulate, and study executable logical GRNs directly from single cell sequencing data. IQCELL is an integrative platform that includes modules for gene selection, building logical GRNs, and simulating developmental trajectories under normal and perturbed conditions. We demonstrate the utility of IQCELL by reconstructing GRNs for early mouse T-cell and red blood cell development. We show that IQCELL can “automatically” infer the vast majority of gene interactions previously reported from decades of experimental research. IQCELL also provides users with a platform to simulate the developmental trajectories of cells. We show that dynamic simulations of the inferred GRNs resemble experimentally observed gene expression dynamics and capture the effects of genetic perturbation studies. IQCELL offers a versatile tool to infer and simulate GRNs in dynamic biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiam Heydari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew A. Langley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia L. Fisher
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Aguilar-Hidalgo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shreya Shukla
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Notch Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ayako Yachie-Kinoshita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Lu HY, Sertori R, Contreras AV, Hamer M, Messing M, Del Bel KL, Lopez-Rangel E, Chan ES, Rehmus W, Milner JD, McNagny KM, Lehman A, Wiest DL, Turvey SE. A Novel Germline Heterozygous BCL11B Variant Causing Severe Atopic Disease and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:788278. [PMID: 34887873 PMCID: PMC8650153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B (BCL11B) is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that is critically important for regulating the development and function of a variety of systems including the central nervous system, the skin, and the immune system. Germline heterozygous variants are associated with a spectrum of clinical disorders, including severe combined immunodeficiency as well as neurological, craniofacial, and dermal defects. Of these individuals, ~50% present with severe allergic disease. Here, we report the detailed clinical and laboratory workup of one of the most severe BCL11B-dependent atopic cases to date. Leveraging a zebrafish model, we were able to confirm a strong T-cell defect in the patient. Based on these data, we classify germline BCL11B-dependent atopic disease as a novel primary atopic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Y Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Sertori
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alejandra V Contreras
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mark Hamer
- Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melina Messing
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elena Lopez-Rangel
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edmond S Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wingfield Rehmus
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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McNagny KM, Hughes MR, Brassard J. Molecular Teflon and fertility: an old adhesion regulator takes center stage. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1402-1403. [PMID: 34602258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julyanne Brassard
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Arif AA, Huang YH, Freeman SA, Atif J, Dean P, Lai JCY, Blanchet MR, Wiegand KC, McNagny KM, Underhill TM, Gold MR, Johnson P, Roskelley CD. Inflammation-Induced Metastatic Colonization of the Lung Is Facilitated by Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Secreting Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:2096-2109. [PMID: 34556524 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A rate-limiting step for circulating tumor cells to colonize distant organ sites is their ability to locate a microenvironmental niche that supports their survival and growth. This can be achieved by features intrinsic to the tumor cells and/or by the conditioning of a "premetastatic" niche. To determine if pulmonary inflammation promotes the latter, we initiated models for inflammatory asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or bleomycin-induced sterile inflammation before introducing tumor cells with low metastatic potential into the circulation. All types of inflammation increased the end-stage metastatic burden of the lungs 14 days after tumor cell inoculation without overtly affecting tumor extravasation. Instead, the number and size of early micrometastatic lesions found within the interstitial tissues 96 hours after tumor cell inoculation were increased in the inflamed lungs, coincident with increased tumor cell survival and the presence of nearby inflammation-induced monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDM; CD11b+CD11c+). Remarkably, the adoptive transfer of these MoDM was sufficient to increase lung metastasis in the absence of inflammation. These inflammation-induced MoDM secrete a number of growth factors and cytokines, one of which is hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), that augmented tumor cell survival under conditions of stress in vitro. Importantly, blocking HGF signaling with the cMET inhibitor capmatinib abolished inflammation-induced early micrometastatic lesion formation in vivo. These findings indicate that inflammation-induced MoDM and HGF in particular increase the efficiency of early metastatic colonization in the lung by locally preconditioning the microenvironment. IMPLICATIONS: Inflammation preconditions the distant site microenvironment to increase the metastatic potential of tumor cells that arrive there.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif A Arif
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jawairia Atif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline C Y Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kimberly C Wiegand
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pauline Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, the Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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21
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Abstract
The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revolutionized our understanding of innate immunity and immune cell interactions at epithelial barrier sites. Their presence and maintenance are critical for modulating immune homeostasis, responding to injury or infection, and repairing damaged tissues. To date, ILCs have been defined by a set of transcription factors, surface antigens and cytokines, and their functions resemble those of three major classes of helper T cell subsets, Th1, Th2 and Th17. Despite this, the lack of antigen-specific surface receptors and the notion that ILCs can develop in the absence of the thymic niche have clearly set them apart from the T-cell lineage and promulgated a dogma that ILCs develop directly from progenitors in the bone marrow. Interestingly however, emerging studies have challenged the BM-centric view of adult ILC development and suggest that ILCs could arise neonatally from developing T cell progenitors. In this review, we discuss ILC development in parallel to T-cell development and summarize key findings that support a T-cell-centric view of ILC ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Shin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Boutin RCT, Petersen C, Woodward SE, Serapio-Palacios A, Bozorgmehr T, Loo R, Chalanuchpong A, Cirstea M, Lo B, Huus KE, Barcik W, Azad MB, Becker AB, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, McNagny KM, Turvey SE, Finlay BB. Bacterial-fungal interactions in the neonatal gut influence asthma outcomes later in life. eLife 2021; 10:e67740. [PMID: 33876729 PMCID: PMC8075585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial members of the infant gut microbiota and bacterial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to be protective against childhood asthma, but a role for the fungal microbiota in asthma etiology remains poorly defined. We recently reported an association between overgrowth of the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii in the gut microbiota of Ecuadorian infants and increased asthma risk. In the present study, we replicated these findings in Canadian infants and investigated a causal association between early life gut fungal dysbiosis and later allergic airway disease (AAD). In a mouse model, we demonstrate that overgrowth of P. kudriavzevii within the neonatal gut exacerbates features of type-2 and -17 inflammation during AAD later in life. We further show that P. kudriavzevii growth and adherence to gut epithelial cells are altered by SCFAs. Collectively, our results underscore the potential for leveraging inter-kingdom interactions when designing putative microbiota-based asthma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozlyn CT Boutin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Sarah E Woodward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Tahereh Bozorgmehr
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Rachelle Loo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Alina Chalanuchpong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Mihai Cirstea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Bernard Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Kelsey E Huus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Weronika Barcik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba and Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
- School of Public Health, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | | | | | - Padmaja Subbarao
- The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Medical Genetics University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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23
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Takiguchi H, Yang CX, Yang CWT, Sahin B, Whalen BA, Milne S, Akata K, Yamasaki K, Yang JSW, Cheung CY, Vander Werff R, McNagny KM, Leitao Filho FS, Shaipanich T, van Eeden SF, Obeidat M, Leung JM, Sin DD. Macrophages with reduced expressions of classical M1 and M2 surface markers in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exhibit pro-inflammatory gene signatures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8282. [PMID: 33859282 PMCID: PMC8050093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical M1/M2 polarity of macrophages may not be applicable to inflammatory lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to the complex microenvironment in lungs and the plasticity of macrophages. We examined macrophage sub-phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in 25 participants with CD40 (a M1 marker) and CD163 (a M2 marker). Of these, we performed RNA-sequencing on each subtype in 10 patients using the Illumina NextSeq 500. Approximately 25% of the macrophages did not harbor classical M1 or M2 surface markers (double negative, DN), and these cells were significantly enriched in COPD patients compared with non-COPD patients (46.7% vs. 14.5%, p < 0.001). 1886 genes were differentially expressed in the DN subtype compared with all other subtypes at a 10% false discovery rate. The 602 up-regulated genes included 15 mitochondrial genes and were enriched in 86 gene ontology (GO) biological processes including inflammatory responses. Modules associated with cellular functions including oxidative phosphorylation were significantly down-regulated in the DN subtype. Macrophages in the human BAL fluid, which were negative for both M1/M2 surface markers, harbored a gene signature that was pro-inflammatory and suggested dysfunction in cellular homeostasis. These macrophages may contribute to the pathogenesis and manifestations of inflammatory lung diseases such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Takiguchi
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chen X Yang
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheng Wei Tony Yang
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Basak Sahin
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Beth A Whalen
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Milne
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kentaro Akata
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kei Yamasaki
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julia Shun Wei Yang
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chung Yan Cheung
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Vander Werff
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fernando Sergio Leitao Filho
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tawimas Shaipanich
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephan F van Eeden
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice M Leung
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia (UBC) Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (HLI), Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Division of Respiratory Medicine, UBC Department of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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24
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Cait A, Messing M, Cait J, Canals Hernaez D, McNagny KM. Antibiotic Treatment in an Animal Model of Inflammatory Lung Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:281-293. [PMID: 33226601 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disease is on the rise and yet the underlying cause and risk factors are not fully understood. While lifesaving in many circumstances, the use of antibiotics and the subsequent disruption of the microbiome are positively correlated with the development of allergies. Here, we describe the use of the antibiotic vancomycin in combination with the papain-induced mouse model of allergic disease that allows for the assessment of microbiome perturbations and the impact on allergy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Cait
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melina Messing
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Biomedical Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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25
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Shahangian K, Ngan DA, Chen HHR, Oh Y, Tam A, Wen J, Cheung C, Knight DA, Dorscheid DR, Hackett TL, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Hirota JA, Niikura M, Man SFP, Sin DD. IL-4Rα blockade reduces influenza-associated morbidity in a murine model of allergic asthma. Respir Res 2021; 22:75. [PMID: 33653328 PMCID: PMC7922715 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma was identified as the most common comorbidity in hospitalized patients during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. We determined using a murine model of allergic asthma whether these mice experienced increased morbidity from pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) viral infection and whether blockade of interleukin-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα), a critical mediator of Th2 signalling, improved their outcomes. Methods Male BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized with house dust mite antigen (Der p 1) for 2 weeks; the mice were then inoculated intranasally with a single dose of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1). The mice were administered intraperitoneally anti-IL-4Rα through either a prophylactic or a therapeutic treatment strategy. Results Infection with pH1N1 of mice sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) led to a 24% loss in weight by day 7 of infection (versus 14% in non-sensitized mice; p < .05). This was accompanied by increased viral load in the airways and a dampened anti-viral host responses to the infection. Treatment of HDM sensitized mice with a monoclonal antibody against IL-4Rα prior to or following pH1N1 infection prevented the excess weight loss, reduced the viral load in the lungs and ameliorated airway eosinophilia and systemic inflammation related to the pH1N1 infection. Conclusion Together, these data implicate allergic asthma as a significant risk factor for H1N1-related morbidity and reveal a potential therapeutic role for IL-4Rα signalling blockade in reducing the severity of influenza infection in those with allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Shahangian
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David A Ngan
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H H Rachel Chen
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yeni Oh
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anthony Tam
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jing Wen
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chung Cheung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darryl A Knight
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Delbert R Dorscheid
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Masahiro Niikura
- Department of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S F Paul Man
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Room 166, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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26
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Yip W, Hughes MR, Li Y, Cait A, Hirst M, Mohn WW, McNagny KM. Butyrate Shapes Immune Cell Fate and Function in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628453. [PMID: 33659009 PMCID: PMC7917140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays a fundamental role in how the immune system develops and how inflammatory responses are shaped and regulated. The “gut-lung axis” is a relatively new term that highlights a crucial biological crosstalk between the intestinal microbiome and lung. A growing body of literature suggests that dysbiosis, perturbation of the gut microbiome, is a driving force behind the development, and severity of allergic asthma. Animal models have given researchers new insights into how gut microbe-derived components and metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), influence the development of asthma. While the full understanding of how SCFAs influence allergic airway disease remains obscure, a recurring theme of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in several immune cell compartments is emerging. This review will address our current understanding of how SCFAs, and specifically butyrate, orchestrates cell behavior, and epigenetic changes and will provide a detailed overview of the effects of these modifications on immune cells in the context of allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Yip
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yicong Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alissa Cait
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W Mohn
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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27
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Canals Hernaez D, Hughes MR, Dean P, Bergqvist P, Samudio I, Blixt O, Wiedemeyer K, Li Y, Bond C, Cruz E, Köbel M, Gilks B, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. PODO447: a novel antibody to a tumor-restricted epitope on the cancer antigen podocalyxin. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-001128. [PMID: 33243933 PMCID: PMC7692987 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The success of new targeted cancer therapies has been dependent on the identification of tumor-specific antigens. Podocalyxin (Podxl) is upregulated on tumors with high metastatic index and its presence is associated with poor outcome, thus emerging as an important prognostic and theragnostic marker in several human cancers. Moreover, in human tumor xenograft models, Podxl expression promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Although a promising target for immunotherapy, the expression of Podxl on normal vascular endothelia and kidney podocytes could hamper efforts to therapeutically target this molecule. Since pathways regulating post-translational modifications are frequently perturbed in cancer cells, we sought to produce novel anti-Podxl antibodies (Abs) that selectively recognize tumor-restricted glycoepitopes on the extracellular mucin domain of Podxl. Methods Splenic B cells were isolated from rabbits immunized with a Podxl-expressing human tumor cell line. Abs from these B cells were screened for potent reactivity to Podxl+ neoplastic cell lines but not Podxl+ primary endothelial cells. Transcripts encoding heavy and light chain variable regions from promising B cells were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins. Tumor specificity was assessed using primary normal tissue and an ovarian cancer tissue microarray (TMA). Mapping of the tumor-restricted epitope was performed using enzyme-treated human tumor cell lines and a glycan array. Results One mAb (PODO447) showed strong reactivity with a variety of Podxl+ tumor cell lines but not with normal primary human tissue including Podxl+ kidney podocytes and most vascular endothelia. Screening of an ovarian carcinoma TMA (219 cases) revealed PODO447 reactivity with the majority of tumors, including 65% of the high-grade serous histotype. Subsequent biochemical analyses determined that PODO447 reacts with a highly unusual terminal N-acetylgalactosamine beta-1 (GalNAcβ1) motif predominantly found on the Podxl protein core. Finally, Ab–drug conjugates showed specific efficacy in killing tumor cells in vitro. Conclusions We have generated a novel and exquisitely tumor-restricted mAb, PODO447, that recognizes a glycoepitope on Podxl expressed at high levels by a variety of tumors including the majority of life-threatening high-grade serous ovarian tumors. Thus, tumor-restricted PODO447 exhibits the appropriate specificity for further development as a targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Bergqvist
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ismael Samudio
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ola Blixt
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Katharina Wiedemeyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yicong Li
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Bond
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric Cruz
- Centre for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre and School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bell EM, Graves ML, Dean P, McNagny KM, Roskelley CD. Abstract 4911: Characterizing the role of podocalyxin's cytoplasmic tail domain in collective tumor invasion. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-4911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
High expression of the single-pass transmembrane sialomucin, podocalyxin, has been shown by many groups to correlate with poor disease outcome in a number of solid tumor types, including colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic and breast cancers. We had previously identified that high podocalyxin expression in invasive ductal breast carcinoma was an independent indicator of poor survival (Somasiri et al., 2004, Cancer Res. 64:15). Further analysis of these tumor samples revealed that this decrease in survival occurred without the loss of membranous, junctional E-cadherin, suggesting that these tumors may have invaded collectively without necessitating an overt epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Experimentally, forced over-expression of podocalyxin in polarity-disrupted human MCF7 breast cancer cells drives the formation of invasive orthotopic xenograft tumors and elongated, cohesive, and E-Cadherin-expressing spheroids in three-dimensional (3D) culture as compared to control (Graves et al., 2016, Breast Canc. Res. 18:11). Further, treatment of these podocalyxin-overexpressing MCF7 cells with the myosin inhibitor, blebbistatin, and the small molecule inhibitor of ezrin-actin binding, NSC668394, resulted in decreased collective invasion and migration, respectively. Together these data suggest that podocalyxin, through interactions with the actin cytoskeleton via its cytoplasmic tail binding partners, can facilitate increased collective epithelial tumor cell motility, at least in some contexts. To test this hypothesis, we generated podocalyxin null MCF7 clones and cell populations using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and reconstituted these cells with mutant forms of podocalyxin that are unable to interact with the scaffolding proteins NHERF and/or ezrin and hence with the actin cytoskeleton. Preliminary results from 3D culture and live imaging of these mutant podocalyxin-expressing cells suggests that loss of podocalyxin's cytoplasmic tail results in decreased spheroid invasion that may be a result of deficiencies in actomyosin contractility. Hence, increased expression and mislocalization of podocalyxin may facilitate aberrant interactions with the actin cytoskeleton and contractile machinery, driving enhanced cell motility and, in certain tumor microenvironments, promote collective tumor invasion.
Citation Format: Erin M. Bell, Marcia L. Graves, Pamela Dean, Kelly M. McNagny, Calvin D. Roskelley. Characterizing the role of podocalyxin's cytoplasmic tail domain in collective tumor invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4911.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Bell
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcia L. Graves
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pamela Dean
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Arif AA, Freeman SA, Atif J, Dean P, Gilmour M, Blanchet MR, Wiegand K, McNagny KM, Underhill M, Gold M, Johnson P, Roskelley CD. Abstract 978: Monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to the inflammation-induced survival of experimental micrometastases in the lung. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells become fully metastatic if they are able to extravasate from the microvasculature and move into microenvironmental niches that facilitate their survival within distant site organs. To determine if inflammation promotes this process in the lungs, inflammatory asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, or bleomycin-induced injury were initiated prior to the intravenous introduction of low malignant potential B16F0 melanoma cells. All three conditions increased end-stage metastatic burden without increasing the initial tumor cell extravasation from the lung microvasculature. There was, however, an increase in the number and size of early micrometastatic lesions within the lung interstitia that were visible 96 hr after melanoma cell introduction. There was also an increase in tumor cell survival within these early lesions located in the inflamed lungs that was associated with the presence of nearby newly recruited CD11c+CD11b+ monocyte-derived macrophages (MoDM). Adoptive transfer experiments indicated that these MoDM cells facilitated B16F0 cell metastasis in the absence of inflammation. Additionally, a factor, or factors, secreted by MoDM promoted B16F0 cell survival under stress-inducing condition. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that inflammation-induced monocyte-derived macrophages act as a modifier of the post-extravasation microenvironment that appears to facilitate the early emergence of distant site metastasis.
Citation Format: Arif A. Arif, Spencer A. Freeman, Jawairia Atif, Pamela Dean, Megan Gilmour, Marie-Renee Blanchet, Kimberly Wiegand, Kelly M. McNagny, Michael Underhill, Michael Gold, Pauline Johnson, Calvin D. Roskelley. Monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to the inflammation-induced survival of experimental micrometastases in the lung [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif A. Arif
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Pamela Dean
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan Gilmour
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Kimberly Wiegand
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Underhill
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Gold
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pauline Johnson
- 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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30
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Akhabir L, Rosenberg E, Tworek D, Heroux D, Balhara J, McNagny KM, Sears MR, Lefebvre DL, Becker AB, Turvey SE, Mandhane PJ, Moraes TJ, Subbarao P, Paré G, Denburg JA. Cord blood hemopoietic cell receptor expression is associated with early life atopic risk and lung function. Allergy 2020; 75:1762-1765. [PMID: 31968128 DOI: 10.1111/all.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Akhabir
- Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Elli Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Damian Tworek
- Department of General and Oncological Pulmonology Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Delia Heroux
- Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Jyoti Balhara
- Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | | | - Allan B. Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics BC Children’s Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | - Theo J. Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute Hamilton Health Sciences McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
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31
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Refaeli I, Hughes MR, Wong AKW, Bissonnette MLZ, Roskelley CD, Wayne Vogl A, Barbour SJ, Freedman BS, McNagny KM. Distinct Functional Requirements for Podocalyxin in Immature and Mature Podocytes Reveal Mechanisms of Human Kidney Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9419. [PMID: 32523052 PMCID: PMC7286918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant and recessive mutations in podocalyxin (PODXL) are associated with human kidney disease. Interestingly, some PODXL mutations manifest as anuria while others are associated with proteinuric kidney disease. PODXL heterozygosity is associated with adult-onset kidney disease and podocalyxin shedding into the urine is a common biomarker of a variety nephrotic syndromes. It is unknown, however, how various lesions in PODXL contribute to these disparate disease pathologies. Here we generated two mouse stains: one that deletes Podxl in developmentally mature podocytes (Podxl∆Pod) and a second that is heterozygous for podocalyxin in all tissues (Podxl+/-). We used histologic and ultrastructural analyses, as well as clinical chemistry assays to evaluate kidney development and function in these strains. In contrast to null knockout mice (Podxl-/-), which die shortly after birth from anuria and hypertension, Podxl∆Pod mice develop an acute congenital nephrotic syndrome characterized by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and proteinuria. Podxl+/- mice, in contrast, have a normal lifespan, and fail to develop kidney disease under normal conditions. Intriguingly, although wild-type C57Bl/6 mice are resistant to puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)-induced nephrosis (PAN), Podxl+/- mice are highly sensitive and PA induces severe proteinuria and collapsing FSGS. In summary, we find that the developmental timepoint at which podocalyxin is ablated (immature vs. mature podocytes) has a profound effect on the urinary phenotype due to its critical roles in both the formation and the maintenance of podocyte ultrastructure. In addition, Podxl∆Pod and Podxl+/- mice offer powerful new mouse models to evaluate early biomarkers of proteinuric kidney disease and to test novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Alvin Ka-Wai Wong
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mei Lin Z Bissonnette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Wayne Vogl
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sean J Barbour
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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32
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Hughes MR, Canals Hernaez D, Cait J, Refaeli I, Lo BC, Roskelley CD, McNagny KM. A sticky wicket: Defining molecular functions for CD34 in hematopoietic cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 86:1-14. [PMID: 32422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 cell surface antigen is widely expressed in tissues on cells with progenitor-like properties and on mature vascular endothelia. In adult human bone marrow, CD34 marks hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) starting from the bulk of hematopoietic stem cells with long-term repopulating potential (LT-HSCs) throughout expansion and differentiation of oligopotent and unipotent progenitors. CD34 protein surface expression is typically lost as cells mature into terminal effectors. Because of this expression pattern of HSPCs, CD34 has had a central role in the evaluation or selection of donor graft tissue in HSC transplant (HSCT). Given its clinical importance, it is surprising that the biological functions of CD34 are still poorly understood. This enigma is due, in part, to CD34's context-specific role as both a pro-adhesive and anti-adhesive molecule and its potential functional redundancy with other sialomucins. Moreover, there are also critical differences in the regulation of CD34 expression on HSPCs in humans and experimental mice. In this review, we highlight some of the more well-defined functions of CD34 in HSPCs with a focus on proposed functions most relevant to HSCT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin D Roskelley
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Hughes MR, Cait A, Bilenky M, Moksa MM, Yip W, Li K, Canals-Hernaez D, Hirst M, Mohn WW, McNagny KM. Depletion of SCFA-fermenting gut bacteria alters the epigenome of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.223.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis alters the development and severity of atopic disease. We previously demonstrated that nursing dams and newborn mice treated with low-dose vancomycin alters gut microbial diversity with a marked loss of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (including butyrate). Vancomycin-induced gut dysbiosis enhances the TH2 response to lung allergens due to altered dendritic cell trafficking and activation in addition to modifying the behavior of other mature leukocyte lineages. Butyrate supplementation reverses the vancomycin-induced TH2 pro-inflammatory phenotype.
Butyrate is known to exert some of its effects on target cells by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) with consequent effects on gene expression. Consistent with a role for epigenetic skewing of the hematopoietic compartment, we found that engraftment of total bone marrow from dysbiotic mice transferred enhanced TH2 proclivity in normobiotic recipients. Strikingly, we found unique regulatory states (H3K27ac marks) in purified hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) of TH2-skewed recipient mice. Single cell RNA sequence analyses identified a distinct transcriptomic signature in HSPC of dysbiotic mice that was reversed by butyrate supplementation. Together, these data suggest that the gut microbiome alters gene expression in blood progenitor cells with long term consequences on the immune response to peripheral allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristen Li
- 1The University of British Columbia, Canada
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Huppé CA, Blais-Lecours P, Bernatchez E, Lauzon-Joset JF, Duchaine C, Rosen H, Dion G, McNagny KM, Blanchet MR, Morissette MC, Marsolais D. S1P 1 Contributes to Endotoxin-enhanced B-Cell Functions Involved in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:209-218. [PMID: 32289229 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0339oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In a proportion of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the biological and environmental factors that sustain inflammation are ill defined, resulting in no effective treatment option. Bioaerosols found in occupational settings are complex and often include Toll-like receptor ligands, such as endotoxins. How Toll-like receptor ligands contribute to the persistence of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, however, remains poorly understood. In a previous study, we found that an S1P1 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1) agonist prevented the reactivation of antigen-driven B-cell responses in the lung. Here, we assessed the impact of endotoxins on B-cell activation in preexisting hypersensitivity pneumonitis and the role of S1P1 in this phenomenon. The impact of endotoxins on pre-established hypersensitivity pneumonitis was studied in vivo. S1P1 levels were tracked on B cells in the course of the disease using S1P1-eGFP knockin mice, and the role of S1P1 on B-cell functions was assessed using pharmacological tools. S1P1 was found on B cells in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Endotoxin exposure enhanced neutrophil accumulation in the BAL of mice with experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This was associated with enhanced CD69 cell-surface expression on lymphocytes in the BAL. In isolated B cells, endotoxins increased cell-surface levels of costimulatory molecules and CD69, which was prevented by an S1P1 agonist. S1P1 modulators also reduced TNF production by B cells and their capacity to trigger T-cell cooperation ex vivo. An S1P1 ligand directly inhibited endotoxin-induced B-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole-Ann Huppé
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Blais-Lecours
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Emilie Bernatchez
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lauzon-Joset
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, and
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; and
| | - Geneviève Dion
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Cederberg RA, So A, Franks E, Collier J, Wadsworth BJ, Hughes MR, McNagny KM, Bennewith KL. Abstract A75: The role of eosinophils in the lung tumor microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-a75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The use of immunotherapy to treat lung cancer is becoming increasingly common, highlighting the importance of the immune system in the lung tumor microenvironment. The lungs are host to a variety of immune cell subsets, including eosinophils (Eo), which are a population of innate immune cells that exert cytotoxic effector functions through the release of secretory granules and participate in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Despite the presence of Eo in solid tumors and their prevalence in the lung, the role of Eo in lung cancer is both controversial and largely unexplored. The Bennewith lab has previously found that mice with elevated lung Eo have decreased tumor growth in a model of breast cancer lung metastasis. We hypothesize that Eo play a protective role in lung cancer progression.
Methods: In collaboration with Dr. Kelly McNagny (UBC), we used IL-5Tg transgenic mice that overexpress IL-5 and have a systemic expansion of Eo, ddGATA transgenic mice which are Eo-deficient, and ddGATA/IL-5Tg double-transgenic mice (excess IL-5 but no Eo) to study lung cancer. Lewis Lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were injected intravenously (IV) to seed the lungs. After three weeks, we harvested lungs and used flow cytometry to quantify immune cell subsets in the lungs. Additionally, we used clonogenic assays and histology to quantify lung tumor growth.
Results: We confirmed that naive ddGATA and ddGATA/IL-5Tg mice have no lung Eo. In contrast, IL-5Tg mice have a 100-fold expansion of Eo in the lungs, and these Eo express higher levels of the Eo activation marker CD11b compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Naive IL-5Tg and ddGATA/IL-5Tg mice had an increased proportion of lung B-1 B cells, as well as an increase in the expression of the apoptosis-inducing cell surface molecule FasL. The absence of Eo in ddGATA mice did not impact lung colonization of LLC cells. Though there was a substantial expansion of Eo in the lungs of IL-5Tg mice compared to WT mice, there was no change in the number of lung-infiltrating Eo three weeks after IL-5Tg and WT mice were injected IV with LLC cells. IL-5Tg mice injected IV with LLC cells had an increase in the total number of lung-infiltrating Bconv and B-1 B cells compared to naive mice, whereas there was no change in B cell subsets between naive and LLC IV injected WT mice.
Conclusions: Though Eo may play an antitumorigenic role in the presence of excess IL-5, the absence of Eo in ddGATA mice did not result in an increase in lung tumor burden. This suggests that Eo need to be activated and expanded to exert an antitumorigenic effect, or that the expansion of B cells in IL-5Tg mice is responsible for the decrease in lung tumor growth in IL-5Tg mice relative to WT mice. Illuminating the specific roles Eo and B cells play in lung cancer progression will allow us to better understand the interplay between host immune cells and malignant cells and could reveal new avenues of cancer immunotherapy development.
Citation Format: Rachel A. Cederberg, Alvina So, Elizabeth Franks, Jenna Collier, Brennan J. Wadsworth, Michael R. Hughes, Kelly M. McNagny, Kevin L. Bennewith. The role of eosinophils in the lung tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A75.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvina So
- 1BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada,
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Lo BC, Canals Hernaez D, Scott RW, Hughes MR, Shin SB, Underhill TM, Takei F, McNagny KM. The Transcription Factor RORα Preserves ILC3 Lineage Identity and Function during Chronic Intestinal Infection. J Immunol 2019; 203:3209-3215. [PMID: 31676672 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical for host defense and tissue repair but can also contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases. The transcription factor RORα is required for ILC2 development but is also highly expressed by other ILC subsets where its function remains poorly defined. We previously reported that Rorasg/sg bone marrow chimeric mice (C57BL/6J) were protected from Salmonella-induced intestinal fibrosis due to defective ILC3 responses. In this study, single-cell RNA analysis of ILCs isolated from inflamed tissues indicates that RORα perturbation led to a reduction in ILC3 lineages. Furthermore, residual Rorasg/sg ILC3s have decreased expression of key signature genes, including Rorc and activating cytokine receptors. Collectively, our data suggest that RORα plays a key role in preserving functional ILC3s by modulating their ability to integrate environmental cues to efficiently produce cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - R Wilder Scott
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Samuel B Shin
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - T Michael Underhill
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
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37
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Lo BC, Shin SB, Messing M, McNagny KM. Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31589208 DOI: 10.3791/60068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis characterized by the pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix such as collagen is the outcome of persistent inflammation and dysregulated repair. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), fibrosis leads to recurrent stricture formations for which there is no effective therapy other than surgical resection. Due to its late onset, the processes that drive fibrosis is less studied and largely unknown. Therefore, fibrotic complications represent a major challenge in IBD. In this protocol, a robust in vivo model of intestinal fibrosis is described where streptomycin pre-treatment of C57Bl/6 mice followed by oral gavage with vaccine grade Salmonella Typhimurium ΔAroA mutant leads to persistent pathogen colonization and fibrosis of the cecum. Methodologies for preparing S. Typhimurium ΔAroA for inoculation, quantifying pathogen loads in the cecum and spleen, and evaluating collagen deposition in intestinal tissues are explained. This experimental disease model is useful for examining host factors that either enhance or exacerbate CD-like intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia
| | - Samuel B Shin
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia
| | - Melina Messing
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia;
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38
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Tam A, Hughes M, McNagny KM, Obeidat M, Hackett TL, Leung JM, Shaipanich T, Dorscheid DR, Singhera GK, Yang CWT, Paré PD, Hogg JC, Nickle D, Sin DD. Hedgehog signaling in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3353. [PMID: 30833624 PMCID: PMC6399332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have linked gene variants of the receptor patched homolog 1 (PTCH1) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its biological role in the disease is unclear. Our objective was to determine the expression pattern and biological role of PTCH1 in the lungs of patients with COPD. Airway epithelial-specific PTCH1 protein expression and epithelial morphology were assessed in lung tissues of control and COPD patients. PTCH1 mRNA expression was measured in bronchial epithelial cells obtained from individuals with and without COPD. The effects of PTCH1 siRNA knockdown on epithelial repair and mucous expression were evaluated using human epithelial cell lines. Ptch1+/− mice were used to assess the effect of decreased PTCH1 on mucous expression and airway epithelial phenotypes. Airway epithelial-specific PTCH1 protein expression was significantly increased in subjects with COPD compared to controls, and its expression was associated with total airway epithelial cell count and thickness. PTCH1 knockdown attenuated wound closure and mucous expression in airway epithelial cell lines. Ptch1+/− mice had reduced mucous expression compared to wildtype mice following mucous induction. PTCH1 protein is up-regulated in COPD airway epithelium and may upregulate mucous expression. PTCH1 provides a novel target to reduce chronic bronchitis in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tam
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Hughes
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Obeidat
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T L Hackett
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J M Leung
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Shaipanich
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D R Dorscheid
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G K Singhera
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C W T Yang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P D Paré
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J C Hogg
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Nickle
- Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - D D Sin
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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39
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Patel N, Wang J, Shiozawa K, Jones KB, Zhang Y, Prokop JW, Davenport GG, Nihira NT, Hao Z, Wong D, Brandsmeier L, Meadows SK, Sampaio AV, Werff RV, Endo M, Capecchi MR, McNagny KM, Mak TW, Nielsen TO, Underhill TM, Myers RM, Kondo T, Su L. HDAC2 Regulates Site-Specific Acetylation of MDM2 and Its Ubiquitination Signaling in Tumor Suppression. iScience 2019; 13:43-54. [PMID: 30818224 PMCID: PMC6393697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising targets for cancer therapy, although their individual actions remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a role for HDAC2 in the regulation of MDM2 acetylation at previously uncharacterized lysines. Upon inactivation of HDAC2, this acetylation creates a structural signal in the lysine-rich domain of MDM2 to prevent the recognition and degradation of its downstream substrate, MCL-1 ubiquitin ligase E3 (MULE). This mechanism further reveals a therapeutic connection between the MULE ubiquitin ligase function and tumor suppression. Specifically, we show that HDAC inhibitor treatment promotes the accumulation of MULE, which diminishes the t(X; 18) translocation-associated synovial sarcomagenesis by directly targeting the fusion product SS18-SSX for degradation. These results uncover a new HDAC2-dependent pathway that integrates reversible acetylation signaling to the anticancer ubiquitin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Patel
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Juehong Wang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Kumiko Shiozawa
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Naoe T Nihira
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Derek Wong
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Arthur V Sampaio
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ryan Vander Werff
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Makoto Endo
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mario R Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Le Su
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.
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40
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Lo BC, Shin SB, Canals Hernaez D, Refaeli I, Yu HB, Goebeler V, Cait A, Mohn WW, Vallance BA, McNagny KM. IL-22 Preserves Gut Epithelial Integrity and Promotes Disease Remission during Chronic Salmonella Infection. J Immunol 2019; 202:956-965. [PMID: 30617224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-22 is rapidly induced at barrier surfaces where it regulates host-protective antimicrobial immunity and tissue repair but can also enhance disease severity in some chronic inflammatory settings. Using the chronic Salmonella gastroenteritis model, Ab-mediated neutralization of IL-22 impaired intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and, consequently, exaggerated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. As disease normally resolved, neutralization of IL-22 caused luminal narrowing of the cecum-a feature reminiscent of fibrotic strictures seen in Crohn disease patients. Corresponding to the exaggerated immunopathology caused by IL-22 suppression, Salmonella burdens in the gut were reduced. This enhanced inflammation and pathogen clearance was associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition, including the overgrowth of Bacteroides acidifaciens Our findings thus indicate that IL-22 plays a protective role by limiting infection-induced gut immunopathology but can also lead to persistent pathogen colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samuel B Shin
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hong B Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Verena Goebeler
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Alissa Cait
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William W Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada;
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41
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Messing M, Lo BC, Hughes MR, Hernaez DC, McNagny KM. The transcription factor ROR alpha preserves group 3 innate lymphoid cell lineage identity and function. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.49.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical for host defense and tissue repair. The transcription factor RORα is essential for ILC2 development but it is also highly expressed by ILC3s where its function remains poorly defined. Previously, we found that Rorasg/sg bone marrow transplant (BMT) mice were protected from intestinal fibrosis in a Salmonella--induced model of Crohn’s disease and that this is due to defective cytokine production by ILC3s. In the current study, whole transcriptome sequencing analysis reveals a striking downregulation of ILC3 signature genes in RORα-deficient ILC3s isolated from Salmonella infected mice. In particular, the expression of genes involved in sensing an inflammatory milieu is attenuated. Moreover, we find that Rorasg/sg ILC3s fail to express IL-17A following ex vivo stimulation with IL-23 and IL-1β. Consistent with these observations, we also find that Rorasg/sg BMT mice are more susceptible to Citrobacter rodentium infection due to attenuated expression of IL-22 and impaired induction of antimicrobial peptides. Collectively, our data suggests that RORα plays a key role in preserving functional ILC3s by modulating their ability to sense environmental cues that stimulate the efficient production of cytokines. These observations also suggest that targeting ILC3 cells could be of therapeutic benefit in fibrosis associated with Crohn’s disease.
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42
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Nesbitt JR, Steves EY, Schonhofer CR, Cait A, Manku SS, Yeung JHF, Bennet AJ, McNagny KM, Choy JC, Hughes MR, Moore MM. The Aspergillus fumigatus Sialidase (Kdnase) Contributes to Cell Wall Integrity and Virulence in Amphotericin B-Treated Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2706. [PMID: 29403452 PMCID: PMC5778107 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a filamentous fungus that can cause a life-threatening invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in immunocompromised individuals. We previously characterized an exo-sialidase from A. fumigatus that prefers the sialic acid substrate, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (Kdn); hence it is a Kdnase. Sialidases are known virulence factors in other pathogens; therefore, the goal of our study was to evaluate the importance of Kdnase in A. fumigatus. A kdnase knockout strain (Δkdnase) was unable to grow on medium containing Kdn and displayed reduced growth and abnormal morphology. Δkdnase was more sensitive than wild type to hyperosmotic conditions and the antifungal agent, amphotericin B. In contrast, Δkdnase had increased resistance to nikkomycin, Congo Red and Calcofluor White indicating activation of compensatory cell wall chitin deposition. Increased cell wall thickness and chitin content in Δkdnase were confirmed by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. In a neutropenic mouse model of invasive aspergillosis, the Δkdnase strain had attenuated virulence and a significantly lower lung fungal burden but only in animals that received liposomal amphotericin B after spore exposure. Macrophage numbers were almost twofold higher in lung sections from mice that received the Δkdnase strain, possibly related to higher survival of macrophages that internalized the Δkdnase conidia. Thus, A. fumigatus Kdnase is important for fungal cell wall integrity and virulence, and because Kdnase is not present in the host, it may represent a potential target for the development of novel antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Nesbitt
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Y Steves
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Cole R Schonhofer
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Alissa Cait
- Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sukhbir S Manku
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Juliana H F Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Bennet
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Choy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Hughes
- Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margo M Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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43
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Kang HG, Lee M, Lee KB, Hughes M, Kwon BS, Lee S, McNagny KM, Ahn YH, Ko JM, Ha IS, Choi M, Cheong HI. Loss of podocalyxin causes a novel syndromic type of congenital nephrotic syndrome. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e414. [PMID: 29244787 PMCID: PMC5750479 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cellular structures directly imply specific biological functions. For example, normal slit diaphragm structures that extend from podocyte foot processes ensure the filtering function of renal glomeruli. These slits are covered by a number of surface proteins, such as nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin and CD2AP. Here we report a human patient presenting with congenital nephrotic syndrome, omphalocele and microcoria due to two loss-of-function mutations in PODXL, which encodes podocalyxin, inherited from each parent. This set of symptoms strikingly mimics previously reported mouse Podxl−/− embryos, emphasizing the essential function of PODXL in mammalian kidney development and highlighting this patient as a human PODXL-null model. The results underscore the utility of current genomics approaches to provide insights into the genetic mechanisms of human disease traits through molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Boon Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bo Sang Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yo Han Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Soo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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44
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Bernatchez E, Gold MJ, Langlois A, Blais-Lecours P, Boucher M, Duchaine C, Marsolais D, McNagny KM, Blanchet MR. Methanosphaera stadtmanae induces a type IV hypersensitivity response in a mouse model of airway inflammation. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/7/e13163. [PMID: 28364028 PMCID: PMC5392504 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improved awareness of work‐related diseases and preventive measures, many workers are still at high risk of developing occupational hypersensitivity airway diseases. This stems from a lack of knowledge of bioaerosol composition and their potential effects on human health. Recently, archaea species were identified in bioaerosols, raising the possibility that they play a major role in exposure‐related pathology. Specifically, Methanosphaera stadtmanae (MSS) and Methanobrevibacter smithii (MBS) are found in high concentrations in agricultural environments and respiratory exposure to crude extract demonstrates immunomodulatory activity in mice. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the specific impact of methanogens exposure on airway immunity and their potential to induce airway hypersensitivity responses in workers remains scant. Analysis of the lung mucosal response to methanogen crude extracts in mice demonstrated that MSS and MBS predominantly induced TH17 airway inflammation, typical of a type IV hypersensitivity response. Furthermore, the response to MSS was associated with antigen‐specific IgG1 and IgG2a production. However, despite the presence of eosinophils after MSS exposure, only a weak TH2 response and no airway hyperresponsiveness were observed. Finally, using eosinophil and mast cell‐deficient mice, we confirmed that these cells are dispensable for the TH17 response to MSS, although eosinophils likely contribute to the exacerbation of inflammatory processes induced by MSS crude extract exposure. We conclude that, as MSS induces a clear type IV hypersensitivity lung response, it has the potential to be harmful to workers frequently exposed to this methanogen, and that preventive measures should be taken to avoid chronic hypersensitivity disease development in workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bernatchez
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- The Biomedical Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anick Langlois
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascale Blais-Lecours
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Magali Boucher
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Duchaine
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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45
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Lo BC, Gold MJ, Scheer S, Hughes MR, Cait J, Debruin E, Chu FSF, Walker DC, Soliman H, Rossi FM, Blanchet MR, Perona-Wright G, Zaph C, McNagny KM. Loss of Vascular CD34 Results in Increased Sensitivity to Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:651-661. [PMID: 28683207 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0386oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival during lung injury requires a coordinated program of damage limitation and rapid repair. CD34 is a cell surface sialomucin expressed by epithelial, vascular, and stromal cells that promotes cell adhesion, coordinates inflammatory cell recruitment, and drives angiogenesis. To test whether CD34 also orchestrates pulmonary damage and repair, we induced acute lung injury in wild-type (WT) and Cd34-/- mice by bleomycin administration. We found that Cd34-/- mice displayed severe weight loss and early mortality compared with WT controls. Despite equivalent early airway inflammation to WT mice, CD34-deficient animals developed interstitial edema and endothelial delamination, suggesting impaired endothelial function. Chimeric Cd34-/- mice reconstituted with WT hematopoietic cells exhibited early mortality compared with WT mice reconstituted with Cd34-/- cells, supporting an endothelial defect. CD34-deficient mice were also more sensitive to lung damage caused by influenza infection, showing greater weight loss and more extensive pulmonary remodeling. Together, our data suggest that CD34 plays an essential role in maintaining vascular integrity in the lung in response to chemical- and infection-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Lo
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sebastian Scheer
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael R Hughes
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin Debruin
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fanny S F Chu
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David C Walker
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hesham Soliman
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fabio M Rossi
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- 4 Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Georgia Perona-Wright
- 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.,6 Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colby Zaph
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,2 Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- 1 The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Kim YK, Refaeli I, Brooks CR, Jing P, Gulieva RE, Hughes MR, Cruz NM, Liu Y, Churchill AJ, Wang Y, Fu H, Pippin JW, Lin LY, Shankland SJ, Vogl AW, McNagny KM, Freedman BS. Gene-Edited Human Kidney Organoids Reveal Mechanisms of Disease in Podocyte Development. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2366-2378. [PMID: 28905451 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A critical event during kidney organogenesis is the differentiation of podocytes, specialized epithelial cells that filter blood plasma to form urine. Podocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-podocytes) have recently been generated in nephron-like kidney organoids, but the developmental stage of these cells and their capacity to reveal disease mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we show that hPSC-podocytes phenocopy mammalian podocytes at the capillary loop stage (CLS), recapitulating key features of ultrastructure, gene expression, and mutant phenotype. hPSC-podocytes in vitro progressively establish junction-rich basal membranes (nephrin+ podocin+ ZO-1+ ) and microvillus-rich apical membranes (podocalyxin+ ), similar to CLS podocytes in vivo. Ultrastructural, biophysical, and transcriptomic analysis of podocalyxin-knockout hPSCs and derived podocytes, generated using CRISPR/Cas9, reveals defects in the assembly of microvilli and lateral spaces between developing podocytes, resulting in failed junctional migration. These defects are phenocopied in CLS glomeruli of podocalyxin-deficient mice, which cannot produce urine, thereby demonstrating that podocalyxin has a conserved and essential role in mammalian podocyte maturation. Defining the maturity of hPSC-podocytes and their capacity to reveal and recapitulate pathophysiological mechanisms establishes a powerful framework for studying human kidney disease and regeneration. Stem Cells 2017;35:2366-2378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyun Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Craig R Brooks
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peifeng Jing
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ramila E Gulieva
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nelly M Cruz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yannan Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Angela J Churchill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hongxia Fu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lih Y Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Wayne Vogl
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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47
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de Bock CE, Hughes MR, Snyder K, Alley S, Sadeqzadeh E, Dun MD, McNagny KM, Molloy TJ, Hondermarck H, Thorne RF. Protein interaction screening identifies SH3RF1 as a new regulator of FAT1 protein levels. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:667-678. [PMID: 28129444 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations and ectopic FAT1 cadherin expression are implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from developmental disorders to cancer. The regulation of FAT1 and its downstream signalling pathways remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that identification of additional proteins interacting with the FAT1 cytoplasmic tail would further delineate its regulation and function. A yeast two-hybrid library screen carried out against the juxtamembrane region of the cytoplasmic tail of FAT1 identified the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SH3RF1 as the most frequently recovered protein-binding partner. Ablating SH3RF1 using siRNA increased cellular FAT1 protein levels and stabilized expression at the cell surface, while overexpression of SH3RF1 reduced FAT1 levels. We conclude that SH3RF1 acts as a negative post-translational regulator of FAT1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E de Bock
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium.,Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kimberly Snyder
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven Alley
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Elham Sadeqzadeh
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Matt D Dun
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Timothy J Molloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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48
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Siemerink MJ, Hughes MR, Dallinga MG, Gora T, Cait J, Vogels IMC, Yetkin-Arik B, Van Noorden CJF, Klaassen I, McNagny KM, Schlingemann RO. Correction: CD34 Promotes Pathological Epi-Retinal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169061. [PMID: 28002489 PMCID: PMC5176189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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49
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Chenery AL, Antignano F, Hughes MR, Burrows K, McNagny KM, Zaph C. ChronicTrichuris murisinfection alters hematopoiesis and causes IFN-γ-expressing T-cell accumulation in the mouse bone marrow. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2587-2596. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair L. Chenery
- The Biomedical Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Frann Antignano
- The Biomedical Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Kyle Burrows
- The Biomedical Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
| | - Colby Zaph
- The Biomedical Research Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver Canada
- Infection and Immunity Program; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; School of Biomedical Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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50
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Lo BC, Gold MJ, Hughes MR, Antignano F, Valdez Y, Zaph C, Harder KW, McNagny KM. The orphan nuclear receptor ROR alpha and group 3 innate lymphoid cells drive fibrosis in a mouse model of Crohn's disease. Sci Immunol 2016; 1:eaaf8864. [PMID: 28670633 PMCID: PMC5489332 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaf8864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the result of dysregulated tissue regeneration and is characterized by excessive accumulation of matrix proteins that become detrimental to tissue function. In Crohn's disease, this manifests itself as recurrent gastrointestinal strictures for which there is no effective therapy beyond surgical intervention. Using a model of infection-induced chronic gut inflammation, we show that Rora-deficient mice are protected from fibrosis; infected intestinal tissues display diminished pathology, attenuated collagen deposition and reduced fibroblast accumulation. Although Rora is best known for its role in ILC2 development, we find that Salmonella-induced fibrosis is independent of eosinophils, STAT6 signaling and Th2 cytokine production arguing that this process is largely ILC2-independent. Instead, we observe reduced levels of ILC3- and T cell-derived IL-17A and IL-22 in infected gut tissues. Furthermore, using Rorasg/sg /Rag1-/- bone marrow chimeric mice, we show that restoring ILC function is sufficient to re-establish IL-17A and IL-22 production and a profibrotic phenotype. Our results show that RORα-dependent ILC3 functions are pivotal in mediating gut fibrosis and they offer an avenue for therapeutic intervention in Crohn's-like diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C. Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3
| | - Matthew J. Gold
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3
| | - Frann Antignano
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3
| | - Yanet Valdez
- STEMCELL Technologies Incorporated, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6A 1B6
| | - Colby Zaph
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Harder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z3
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