1
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Leborgne NG, Devisme C, Kozarac N, Berenguer Veiga I, Ebert N, Godel A, Grau-Roma L, Scherer M, Plattet P, Thiel V, Zimmer G, Taddeo A, Benarafa C. Neutrophil proteases are protective against SARS-CoV-2 by degrading the spike protein and dampening virus-mediated inflammation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e174133. [PMID: 38470488 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.174133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have highlighted the crucial role of host proteases for viral replication and the immune response. The serine proteases furin and TMPRSS2 and lysosomal cysteine proteases facilitate viral entry by limited proteolytic processing of the spike (S) protein. While neutrophils are recruited to the lungs during COVID-19 pneumonia, little is known about the role of the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) cathepsin G (CatG), elastase (NE), and proteinase 3 (PR3) on SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. Furthermore, the current paradigm is that NSPs may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Here, we show that these proteases cleaved the S protein at multiple sites and abrogated viral entry and replication in vitro. In mouse models, CatG significantly inhibited viral replication in the lung. Importantly, lung inflammation and pathology were increased in mice deficient in NE and/or CatG. These results reveal that NSPs contribute to innate defenses against SARS-CoV-2 infection via proteolytic inactivation of the S protein and that NE and CatG limit lung inflammation in vivo. We conclude that therapeutic interventions aiming to reduce the activity of NSPs may interfere with viral clearance and inflammation in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Gf Leborgne
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
| | - Christelle Devisme
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
| | - Nedim Kozarac
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences
| | - Inês Berenguer Veiga
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
| | - Aurélie Godel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
| | | | - Melanie Scherer
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, and
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, and
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
| | - Adriano Taddeo
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases (MCID), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Sartorius A, Cahoon M, Corbetta D, Grau-Roma L, Johnson MF, Sandoval Barron E, Smallman-Raynor M, Swift BMC, Yon L, Young S, Bennett M. Relationships between soil and badger elemental concentrations across a heterogeneously contaminated landscape. Sci Total Environ 2023; 869:161684. [PMID: 36690105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the links between environmental and wildlife elemental concentrations is key to help assess ecosystem functions and the potential effects of legacy pollutants. In this study, livers from 448 European badgers (Meles meles) collected across the English Midlands were used to investigate the relationship between elemental concentrations in topsoils and wildlife. Mean soil sample concentrations within 2 km of each badger, determined using data from the British Geological Survey's 'Geochemical Baseline Survey of the Environment', were compared to badger liver elemental concentrations, focusing primarily on Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, K, Mn, Pb, Se, Zn. Generally, the badgers appeared to have elemental concentrations comparable with those published for other related animals, though Cu concentrations tended to be lower than expected. While there was no relationship between soil and badger liver concentrations for most biologically essential elements, biologically non-essential elements, specifically Pb, Cd, As, and Ag, were positively correlated between soil and badger livers. Lead and Cd, the elements with the strongest relationships between soils and badger livers, were primarily elevated in badgers collected in Derbyshire, a county with a millennia-long history of Pb mining and significant Pb and Cd soil pollution. Cadmium concentrations in badgers were also, on average, almost nine times higher than the local soil concentrations, likely due to Cd biomagnification in earthworms, a dietary staple of badgers. While badgers are good models for studying associations between soil and wildlife elemental concentrations, due to their diet, burrowing behaviours, and site fidelity, all flora and fauna local to human-modified environments could be exposed to and impacted by legacy pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartorius
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.
| | - Molly Cahoon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Davide Corbetta
- Farm Pathology and Companion Animal Pathology Departments, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Veterinary Pathology Service, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Farm Pathology and Companion Animal Pathology Departments, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Veterinary Pathology Service, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK; Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Elsa Sandoval Barron
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | | | - Benjamin M C Swift
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Lisa Yon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Scott Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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3
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Zingre T, Bagatella S, Wenker C, Kittl S, Meli ML, Wyss F, Grau-Roma L. Fatal gastritis and enterocolitis due to concurrent Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni infection in a captive cheetah (Acinonyxjubatus). J Comp Pathol 2023; 201:81-86. [PMID: 36745967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 3.5-year-old female cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) died after a 10-day history of anorexia, regurgitation and diarrhoea despite symptomatic therapy. At gross post-mortem examination, the stomach was blood-filled with mucosal thickening and multifocal ulcerations. The intestinal mucosa was thickened and reddened, and the intestinal lumen was filled with dark red to black pasty content. Gastric histological lesions were compatible with gastritis due to Helicobacter infection, which was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Histology of the intestines revealed a severe necrotizing neutrophilic enterocolitis with abundant intralesional curved to spiral bacteria, corresponding to Campylobacter jejuni, which were subsequently isolated from both small and large intestinal contents. No other intestinal pathogens were detected despite thorough investigations. These findings suggest that C. jejuni may have played an aetiological role in the enterocolitis. Such an association has not been previously reported in non-domestic felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zingre
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Stefano Bagatella
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sonja Kittl
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina L Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Eloiflin RJ, Grau-Roma L, Python S, Mehinagic K, Godel A, Libeau G, Summerfield A, Bataille A, García-Nicolás O. Comparative pathogenesis of peste des petits ruminants virus strains of difference virulence. Vet Res 2022; 53:57. [PMID: 35804440 PMCID: PMC9270740 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute disease of small ruminants caused by a morbillivirus. Clinical observation of the disease in the field revealed that several species of small ruminants are affected to varying degrees. This difference in disease-related effects could depend either on the host or on the virulence of the virus strain. A previous study highlighted the difference in virulence between two strains of PPRV used to infect Saanen goats. For this breed, PPRV Morocco 2008 strain (MA08) was highly virulent while PPRV Côte d’Ivoire 1989 (IC89) strain induced mild disease. Experimental studies generally based on healthy and young animals do not permit exploration of the natural variability of the host susceptibility to PPRV. Therefore, building on the previous study on Saanen goats, the current study focussed on this breed of goat and used commercially available animals with an unknown history of infection with other pathogens. Results confirmed the previous disease pattern for PPRV IC89 and MA08 strains. Viral RNA detection, macroscopic and histological lesions were stronger for the highly virulent MA08 strain. We show here for the first time that viral RNA can be detected in the tissues of vaccinated animals. Viral RNA was also detected for the first time in serum samples, which is in agreement with the role of circulating immune cells in transporting the virus into host target organs. Thus, this study provides insight into the pathogenesis of strains of different virulence of PPRV and will help to better understand the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger-Junior Eloiflin
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Python
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kemal Mehinagic
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern 3001, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Godel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geneviève Libeau
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France.,ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Bataille
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, 34398, Montpellier, France. .,ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier, France.
| | - Obdulio García-Nicolás
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Swift BMC, Barron ES, Christley R, Corbetta D, Grau-Roma L, Jewell C, O'Cathail C, Mitchell A, Phoenix J, Prosser A, Rees C, Sorley M, Verin R, Bennett M. Tuberculosis in badgers where the bovine tuberculosis epidemic is expanding in cattle in England. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20995. [PMID: 34697381 PMCID: PMC8545939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important animal health and economic problem for the cattle industry and a potential zoonotic threat. Wild badgers (Meles meles) play a role on its epidemiology in some areas of high prevalence in cattle, particularly in the UK and Republic of Ireland and increasingly in parts of mainland Europe. However, little is known about the involvement of badgers in areas on the spatial edge of the cattle epidemic, where increasing prevalence in cattle is seen. Here we report the findings of a study of found-dead (mainly road-killed) badgers in six counties on the edge of the English epidemic of bTB in cattle. The overall prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) infection detected in the study area was 51/610 (8.3%, 95% CI 6.4-11%) with the county-level prevalence ranging from 15 to 4-5%. The MTC spoligotypes of recovered from badgers and cattle varied: in the northern part of the study area spoligotype SB0129 predominated in both cattle and badgers, but elsewhere there was a much wider range of spoligotypes found in badgers than in cattle, in which infection was mostly with the regional cattle spoligotype. The low prevalence of MTC in badgers in much of the study area, and, relative to in cattle, the lower density of sampling, make firm conclusions difficult to draw. However, with the exception of Cheshire (north-west of the study area), little evidence was found to link the expansion of the bTB epidemic in cattle in England to widespread badger infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsa Sandoval Barron
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Rob Christley
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Davide Corbetta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chris Jewell
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Colman O'Cathail
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andy Mitchell
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Jess Phoenix
- Department of Sociology, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Alison Prosser
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Catherine Rees
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Marion Sorley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ranieri Verin
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Università Degli Studi di Padova, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.
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6
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Corbetta D, Edery E, Polledo L, Bertal M, Grau-Roma L, de Brot S. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 258:1353-1356. [PMID: 34061610 DOI: 10.2460/javma.258.12.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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de Brot S, Lothion-Roy J, Grau-Roma L, White E, Guscetti F, Rubin MA, Mongan NP. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation of canine prostate carcinoma with identification of common intraductal carcinoma component. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:38-49. [PMID: 33963663 PMCID: PMC9292867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of species, including men and dogs, spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC). The histological and molecular relevance of canine PC as a model for the disease in men remains controversial. To address this challenge, this study aimed to assess the histomorphology and expression of basal cell, urothelial and neuroendocrine markers [p63, high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), Uroplakin 3 (UPIII), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE)] in canine PC (n = 41). Based on histomorphology, 10/41 (24%), 21/41 (51%) and 9/41 (22%) were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and mixed carcinoma, respectively. Tumour inflammation was common, frequently severe [20/41 (49%)], and associated with neutering (p < .02) and urothelial differentiation (p < .02). Most (36/40, 90%) cancers contained only rare cells with basal cell marker expression or were negative. The expression of UPIII was absent or weak in the majority (33/38, 87%) of tumours, with moderate to strong staining in the remaining cases. NSE expression in PC was rare and limited to 2/14 (14%) cases. Tumour extension into benign ducts and glands was a common finding with presence in 17/39 (44%) of carcinomas with and without urothelial differentiation. In conclusion, we confirm that canine PC is characterized by absent or weak expression of basal cell and urothelial markers. Although rare, NSE expression, potentially indicating neuroendocrine differentiation, is reported for the first time in canine PCa. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent invasive PCa (IDCP‐inv) is a frequent, not previously described, finding in dogs with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emily White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Grau-Roma L, Navarro M, Blatter S, Wenker C, Kittl S, Uzal FA, Posthaus H. Clostridium perfringens-Associated Necrotic Enteritis-Like Disease in Coconut Lorikeets ( Trichoglossus haematodus). Vet Pathol 2020; 58:423-427. [PMID: 33208037 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820971788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several outbreaks of necrotic enteritis-like disease in lorikeets, from which Clostridium perfringens was consistently isolated, are described. All lorikeets had acute, segmental, or multifocal fibrinonecrotizing inflammatory lesions in the small and/or the large intestine, with intralesional gram-positive rods. The gene encoding C. perfringens alpha toxin was detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in 20 out of 24 affected lorikeets (83%), but it was not amplified from samples of any of 10 control lorikeets (P < .0001). The second most prevalent C. perfringens toxin gene detected was the beta toxin gene, which was found in FFPE from 7 out of 24 affected lorikeets (29%). The other toxin genes were detected inconsistently and in a relatively low number of samples. These cases seem to be associated with C. perfringens, although the specific type involved could not be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, 27210University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mauricio Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 8789University of California, Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Sohvi Blatter
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, 27210University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Sonja Kittl
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, 27210University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 8789University of California, Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, 27210University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Morey-Matamalas A, Corbetta D, Waine K, Payne R, Grau-Roma L, Baiker K. Exercise-induced Acute Abdominal Haemorrhage due to Iliopsoas Trauma in Racing Greyhounds. J Comp Pathol 2020; 177:42-46. [PMID: 32505239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem examination of 74 racing greyhounds with sudden, unexpected death was undertaken at the Veterinary School, University of Nottingham, UK, from 2015 to 2019. These investigations revealed severe, acute haemoabdomen with extensive retroperitoneal haemorrhage and an underlying severe, unilateral iliopsoas tear in four cases (5.4%). In all four cases, unilateral trauma and haemorrhage affecting the right iliopsoas muscle was common near the caudal insertion. Despite the acute clinical event, three cases demonstrated histological evidence of previous muscle damage with muscular regeneration, fibrosis and evidence of chronic haemorrhage. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of exercise-induced trauma to the iliopsoas muscle leading to extensive haemoretroperitoneum and haemoabdomen with subsequent hypovolaemic shock and death in racing greyhounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morey-Matamalas
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.
| | - D Corbetta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - K Waine
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - R Payne
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - L Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Baiker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
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10
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Grau-Roma L, Blatter S, Wenker C, Sonja K, Navarro M, Uzal F, Posthaus H. Necrotic Enterocolitis Associated with Clostridium perfringens in Lorikeets (Trichoglossus haematodus). J Comp Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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de Brot S, Grau-Roma L, White E, Scase T, Robinson B, Mongan N. Immunohistochemical Expression of Basal Cell and Urothelial Markers (p63, Uroplakin III) in Non-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Canine Prostate Tissue. J Comp Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Grau-Roma L, Schock A, Nofrarías M, Ali Wali N, de Fraga AP, Garcia-Rueda C, de Brot S, Majó N. Retrospective study on transmissible viral proventriculitis and chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in the UK. Avian Pathol 2019; 49:99-105. [PMID: 31591909 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1677856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) is a recently described birnavirus, which has been proposed to be the cause of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP). The understanding of the epidemiology of both the virus and the disease is very limited. A retrospective investigation on TVP and CPNV in broiler chicken submissions from the UK from between 1994 and 2015 was performed with the aims of assessing the longitudinal temporal evolution of TVP and CPNV, and to review the histological proventricular lesions in the studied chickens. Ninety-nine of the 135 included submissions (73.3%) fulfilled the TVP-diagnostic criteria, while the remaining 36 submissions (26.7%) displayed only lymphocytic proventriculitis (LP). The first detection of CPNV by PCR dated from 2009. Results showed a rise in the number of both TVP and positive CPNV RT-PCR submissions from 2009 with a peak in 2013, suggesting that they may be an emerging or re-emerging disease and pathogen, respectively. Twenty-two out of the 99 submissions displaying TVP lesions (22%) and four out of the 36 (11%) submissions with LP gave positive CPNV RT-PCR results, further supporting the association between CPNV and TVP and confirming that CPNV is present in a low proportion of proventriculi that do not fulfil the TVP-diagnostic criteria. In addition, intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in 22 of the submissions with TVP. The vast majority of these cases (21 of 22, 96%) gave negative CPNV RT-PCR results, raising the question of whether a virus other than CPNV is responsible for some of these TVP-affected cases.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSTVP and CPNV have been present in British broilers since at least 1994 and 2009, respectively.TVP and CPNV seem to be an emerging and re-emerging disease and pathogen, respectively.CPNV was detected in proventriculi with both TVP and LP-lesions.Viruses other than CPNV may be responsible for some TVP-affected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.,Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alex Schock
- Avian Pathology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Penicuik, UK
| | - Miquel Nofrarías
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nabil Ali Wali
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aline Padilha de Fraga
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK.,Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Majó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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de Brot S, Grau-Roma L, Stirling-Stainsby C, Dettwiler M, Guscetti F, Meier D, Scase T, Robinson BD, Gardner D, Mongan NP. A Fibromyxoid Stromal Response is Associated with Muscle Invasion in Canine Urothelial Carcinoma. J Comp Pathol 2019; 169:35-46. [PMID: 31159949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Canine urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of cancer of the lower urinary tract and tends to affect elderly neutered female dogs, with a high predisposition for Scottish terriers. Tumour stroma, inflammation and necrosis are poorly characterized in canine UC and their role as prognostic factors is unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) assess histologically 381 canine UCs, with emphasis on myxoid tumour stroma, inflammation and necrosis and (2) assess possible associations between these features and the available epidemiological data as well as bladder wall muscle invasion. In 103 of 381 (27%) cases, the stroma was mixed collagenous and myxoid (fibromyxoid), which was strongly associated with invasive growth of muscle (P <0.0001). Peritumoural and intratumoural inflammation was present in 308 of 345 (89%) and 287 of 381 (75%) cases, respectively, and was mostly mild and lymphoplasmacytic. One hundred and fifteen of the 381 (30%) cases showed a variable eosinophilic inflammation and 58 of 381 (15%) presented with formations of one or several lymphoid follicles. Twenty-four percent (91 of 381) of cases had tumour necrosis, which was typically mild. In 83 of 91 (91%) cases, the necrosis was comedo-like. Moderate to severe tumour necrosis was associated with the presence of moderate to predominant fibromyxoid tumour stroma (P <0.02). The results of this study indicate that fibromyxoid stroma is common in canine UC and is a strong indicator for invasive growth of muscle, which is consistent with a poor prognosis. Based on histomorphology, tumour necrosis in canine UC is best described as comedonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK; Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - L Grau-Roma
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - M Dettwiler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Meier
- Zyto-Histo Diagnostics, Freienstein, Switzerland
| | - T Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol, UK
| | | | - D Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - N P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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14
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de Brot S, Robinson BD, Scase T, Grau-Roma L, Wilkinson E, Boorjian SA, Gardner D, Mongan NP. The dog as an animal model for bladder and urethral urothelial carcinoma: Comparative epidemiology and histology. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1641-1649. [PMID: 30008848 PMCID: PMC6036476 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent approval of several novel agents for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC), survival in this setting remains poor. As such, continued investigation into novel therapeutic options remains warranted. Pre-clinical development of novel treatments requires an animal model that accurately simulates the disease in humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dog as an animal model for human UC. A total of 260 cases of spontaneous, untreated canine primary urethral and urinary bladder UC, were epidemiologically and histologically assessed and classified based on the current 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) tumor classification system. Canine data was compared with human data available from scientific literature. The mean age of dogs diagnosed with UC was 10.22 years (range, 4–15 years), which is equivalent to 60–70 human years. The results revealed a high association between UC diagnosis with the female sex [odds ratio (OR) 3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.57–4.79; P<0.001], surgical neutering (OR 4.57; 95% CI 1.87–11.12; P<0.001) and breed (OR 15.11 for Scottish terriers; 95% CI 8.99–25.41; P<0.001). Based on the 2016 WHO tumor (T), node and metastasis staging system, the primary tumors were characterized as T1 (38%), T2a (28%), T2b (13%) and T3 (22%). Non-papillary, flat subgross tumor growth was strongly associated with muscle invasion (OR 31.00; P<0.001). Irrespective of subgross growth pattern, all assessable tumors were invading beyond the basement membrane compatible with infiltrating UC. Conventional, not further classifiable infiltrating UC was the most common type of tumor (90%), followed by UC with divergent, squamous and/or glandular differentiation (6%). Seven out of the 260 (2.8%) cases were classified as non-urothelial based on their histological morphology. These cases included 5 (2%) squamous cell carcinomas, 1 (0.4%) adenocarcinoma and 1 (0.4%) neuroendocrine tumor. The 2 most striking common features of canine and human UC included high sex predilection and histological tumor appearance. The results support the suitability of the dog as an animal model for UC and confirm that dogs also spontaneously develop rare UC subtypes and bladder tumors, including plasmacytoid UC and neuroendocrine tumor, which are herein described for the first time in a non-experimental animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Brian D Robinson
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tim Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd., Bristol, BS7 0BJ, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Eleanor Wilkinson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - David Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK.,Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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15
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Morey-Matamalas A, de Stefani A, Corbetta D, Grau-Roma L, de Brot S. Pulmonary Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2018; 159:11-15. [PMID: 29598999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old neutered male crossbred dog with a 4-week history of progressive vestibulocerebellar signs was presented for necropsy examination. Gross examination revealed neoplastic growth in the lungs, thoracic lymph nodes, left kidney and cerebellum. Microscopically, the tumour consisted of an infiltrative, densely cellular, basaloid epithelial neoplastic growth with extensive areas of abrupt keratinization. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells expressed p63 and partially expressed cytokeratins 5/6. Based on these findings, the tumour was diagnosed as a primary pulmonary basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSSC) with metastasis to regional lymph nodes, kidney and brain. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first description of BSCC in an animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morey-Matamalas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A de Stefani
- Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - D Corbetta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - L Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - S de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK.
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de Brot S, Adamany J, Baiker K, Dhumeaux M, Allegrucci C, Polledo L, Grau-Roma L. Pathology in Practice. Hereditary nephropathy (familial nephropathy) in an English Cocker Spaniel. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:661-664. [PMID: 28857708 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.6.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Posporis C, Grau-Roma L, Travetti O, Oliveira M, Polledo L, Wessmann A. Meningeal carcinomatosis and spinal cord infiltration caused by a locally invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2017; 3:2055116917742812. [PMID: 29204290 PMCID: PMC5703112 DOI: 10.1177/2055116917742812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 12-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with acute non-painful hindlimb proprioceptive ataxia localising to T3–L3 spinal cord segments. MRI revealed paravertebral muscular hyperintensity on T2-weighted images at the level of T7–T8 vertebrae. The cat improved on conservative management but deteriorated 3 months later. Repeated MRI showed meningeal enhancement at the same level and hyperintensity of the paravertebral musculature extending to the right thoracic wall and pleural space on short tau inversion recovery images. Thoracic CT showed mineralised lesions of the right lung, restricted pleural effusion and expansile bone lesions affecting multiple ribs. The cat had been treated for pyothorax 5 years earlier but manifested no current respiratory signs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed lymphocytic pleocytosis but no neoplastic cells. Biopsy of the affected muscles and cytology of the lung and pleural lesions suggested a malignant epithelial cell tumour. Post-mortem examination confirmed a pulmonary adenocarcinoma locally infiltrating the thoracic wall, T7–T8 vertebrae and the spinal cord white matter. Meningeal carcinomatosis was detected with neoplastic cells invading the ventral median fissure of the spinal cord. No metastases were observed in other organs, indicating that neoplastic cells reached the spinal cord by direct extension. Relevance and novel information Spinal meningeal carcinomatosis has not been reported in dogs or cats with extraneural tumours but is a well-recognised condition in humans. A metastatic cause of meningeal enhancement should be considered in patients with neurological signs of unknown origin. Imaging findings and CSF results can be non-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Posporis
- Department of Neurology / Neurosurgery, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Olga Travetti
- Department of Radiology, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Maria Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura Polledo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Annette Wessmann
- Department of Neurology / Neurosurgery, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
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18
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Posporis C, Grau-Roma L, Travetti O, Oliveira M, Polledo L, Wessmann A. Meningeal carcinomatosis and spinal cord infiltration caused by a locally invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2017. [PMID: 29204290 DOI: 10.1177/2055116917742812.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 12-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with acute non-painful hindlimb proprioceptive ataxia localising to T3-L3 spinal cord segments. MRI revealed paravertebral muscular hyperintensity on T2-weighted images at the level of T7-T8 vertebrae. The cat improved on conservative management but deteriorated 3 months later. Repeated MRI showed meningeal enhancement at the same level and hyperintensity of the paravertebral musculature extending to the right thoracic wall and pleural space on short tau inversion recovery images. Thoracic CT showed mineralised lesions of the right lung, restricted pleural effusion and expansile bone lesions affecting multiple ribs. The cat had been treated for pyothorax 5 years earlier but manifested no current respiratory signs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed lymphocytic pleocytosis but no neoplastic cells. Biopsy of the affected muscles and cytology of the lung and pleural lesions suggested a malignant epithelial cell tumour. Post-mortem examination confirmed a pulmonary adenocarcinoma locally infiltrating the thoracic wall, T7-T8 vertebrae and the spinal cord white matter. Meningeal carcinomatosis was detected with neoplastic cells invading the ventral median fissure of the spinal cord. No metastases were observed in other organs, indicating that neoplastic cells reached the spinal cord by direct extension. Relevance and novel information Spinal meningeal carcinomatosis has not been reported in dogs or cats with extraneural tumours but is a well-recognised condition in humans. A metastatic cause of meningeal enhancement should be considered in patients with neurological signs of unknown origin. Imaging findings and CSF results can be non-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Posporis
- Department of Neurology / Neurosurgery, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Olga Travetti
- Department of Radiology, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Maria Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura Polledo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Annette Wessmann
- Department of Neurology / Neurosurgery, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
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Simpson S, Dunning MD, de Brot S, Grau-Roma L, Mongan NP, Rutland CS. Comparative review of human and canine osteosarcoma: morphology, epidemiology, prognosis, treatment and genetics. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:71. [PMID: 29065898 PMCID: PMC5655853 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a rare cancer in people. However OSA incidence rates in dogs are 27 times higher than in people. Prognosis in both species is relatively poor, with 5 year OSA survival rates in people not having improved in decades. For dogs, 1 year survival rates are only around ~ 45%. Improved and novel treatment regimens are urgently required to improve survival in both humans and dogs with OSA. Utilising information from genetic studies could assist in this in both species, with the higher incidence rates in dogs contributing to the dog population being a good model of human disease. This review compares the clinical characteristics, gross morphology and histopathology, aetiology, epidemiology, and genetics of canine and human OSA. Finally, the current position of canine OSA genetic research is discussed and areas for additional work within the canine population are identified.
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20
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Grau-Roma L, Reid K, de Brot S, Jennison R, Barrow P, Sánchez R, Nofrarías M, Clark M, Majó N. Detection of transmissible viral proventriculitis and chicken proventricular necrosis virus in the UK. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:68-75. [PMID: 27400318 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1207751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that a new birnavirus, named chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV), is the aetiological agent of transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP). The present work aimed to explore the possible presence of both TVP and CPNV in the UK. Forty-four chickens showing TVP-compatible gross lesions were classified into three groups based on the histological lesions: (i) TVP-affected chickens: lymphocytic infiltration and glandular necrosis (n = 15); (ii) lymphocytic proventriculitis (LP)-affected chickens: lymphocytic infiltration without necrosis (n = 18); and (iii) without proventriculitis (WP): no lymphocytic infiltration or necrosis (n = 11). Nine proventriculi (seven out of 15 corresponding to TVP, and two out of 11 corresponding to LP) were positive for CPNV by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results support the previously suggested idea of CPNV as causative agent of TVP. Moreover, these data show that CPNV can also be detected in a number of cases with LP, which do not fulfil the histological TVP criteria. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of gene VP1 showed that British CPNV sequences were closer to other European CPNV sequences and might constitute a different lineage from the American CPNV. TVP cases with negative CPNV PCR results may be due to chronic stages of the disease or to the reduced PCR sensitivity on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. However, involvement of other agents in some of the cases cannot totally be ruled out. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first peer-reviewed report of TVP as well as of CPNV in the UK, and the first exploratory CPNV phylogenetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- a School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) , University of Nottingham (UoN) , Loughborough , UK
| | - Kirsty Reid
- a School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) , University of Nottingham (UoN) , Loughborough , UK
| | - Simone de Brot
- a School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) , University of Nottingham (UoN) , Loughborough , UK
| | | | - Paul Barrow
- a School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) , University of Nottingham (UoN) , Loughborough , UK
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- c IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Miquel Nofrarías
- c IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mike Clark
- a School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) , University of Nottingham (UoN) , Loughborough , UK
| | - Natàlia Majó
- c IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB) , Barcelona , Spain.,d Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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21
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Grau-Roma L, Peckham R, Paton J, Stahel A, de Brot S. Occurrence of primary lymphocytic hypophysitis in two horses and presence of scattered T-lymphocytes in the normal equine pituitary gland. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 29:115-121. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716676292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The postmortem examination of a 14-y-old Appaloosa gelding with clinically diagnosed pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction showed a unique finding of moderate multifocal lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH). The pituitary glands of 24 horses submitted for postmortem examination were examined grossly and examined histologically for the presence of lymphocytes. Of these 23 horses, 1 additional case suffered from moderate LH. The 2 cases with LH tested negative for Equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 by polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and no viral particles were observed by electron microscopy in 1 case examined. The cause of LH remains unknown, but based on the T-lymphocytic nature of the inflammation and the human literature, an immune-mediated origin is hypothesized. In addition, the review of 24 cases revealed that 10 horses had few and small multifocal lymphocytic infiltrates within the pituitary gland; the remaining 12 horses showed no evident lymphocytes when examined by hematoxylin and eosin. IHC for CD3 showed the presence of a small number of individual T-lymphocytes scattered through the gland in all examined horses, which appears therefore to be a normal feature of the pituitary gland in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK (Grau-Roma, de Brot)
- University College Dublin, Equine Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin Campus, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland (Peckham)
- Scarsdale Equine Veterinary Practice, Derby, UK (Paton)
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland (Stahel)
| | - Robert Peckham
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK (Grau-Roma, de Brot)
- University College Dublin, Equine Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin Campus, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland (Peckham)
- Scarsdale Equine Veterinary Practice, Derby, UK (Paton)
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland (Stahel)
| | - Jacqui Paton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK (Grau-Roma, de Brot)
- University College Dublin, Equine Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin Campus, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland (Peckham)
- Scarsdale Equine Veterinary Practice, Derby, UK (Paton)
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland (Stahel)
| | - Anina Stahel
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK (Grau-Roma, de Brot)
- University College Dublin, Equine Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin Campus, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland (Peckham)
- Scarsdale Equine Veterinary Practice, Derby, UK (Paton)
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland (Stahel)
| | - Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK (Grau-Roma, de Brot)
- University College Dublin, Equine Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin Campus, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland (Peckham)
- Scarsdale Equine Veterinary Practice, Derby, UK (Paton)
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Zurich, Switzerland (Stahel)
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22
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de Brot S, Perez S, Shivaprasad HL, Baiker K, Polledo L, Clark M, Grau-Roma L. Wooden breast lesions in broiler chickens in the UK. Vet Rec 2016; 178:141. [PMID: 26755613 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - S Perez
- Minster Veterinary Practice, Salisbury Road, York YO26 4YN, UK
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Tulare Branch, University of California-Davis, CA 93274, USA
| | - K Baiker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - L Polledo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - M Clark
- Minster Veterinary Practice, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RA, UK
| | - L Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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23
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Vidal E, Grau-Roma L, Tolosa E, Espinar S, Pérez de Val B, Nofrarías M, Alba A, Allepuz A, López-Soria S, Martínez J, Abarca L, Castellà J, Manteca X, Casanova M, Isidoro-Ayza M, Galindo-Cardiel I, Soto S, Dolz R, Majó N, Ramis T, Segalés J, Mas L, Picart L, Marco A, Domingo M. The Catalan Slaughterhouse Support Network (SESC): An Innovative Diagnostic, Surveillance and Educational Tool. J Comp Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Grau-Roma L, Galindo-Cardiel I, Isidoro-Ayza M, Fernandez M, Majó N. A case of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia associated with phycomycetes. J Comp Pathol 2015; 151:318-21. [PMID: 25444079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF) is a recently described inflammatory condition of domestic cats with unknown aetiology. A proportion of cases of FGESF are associated with bacteria, but antibiotic treatment is ineffective. It has been hypothesized that genetically predisposed cats may develop FGESF in response to the introduction of bacteria or other antigens into the intestinal wall. A 9- month-old male Persian cat presented with a history of marked acute haematemesis. A mass (10 cm diameter) was detected within the pylorus and proximal duodenum and this was not surgically accessible. On necropsy examination the duodenal wall was seen to be markedly thickened with extensive mucosal ulceration. Microscopically, there were haphazardly oriented trabecular bands of dense eosinophilic collagen, separated by wide, clear areas containing variable numbers of fibroblasts, eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Numerous pleomorphic, non-parallel walled, sparsely septate hyphae, characteristic of phycomycetes, were present within the collagen matrix. Colonies of gram-positive and gram-negative rods were also present within the lesion. This is the first description of FGESF with intralesional fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grau-Roma
- Servei de Diagnostic de Patologia Veterinaria (SDPV), Departament de Sanitat i d’Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Vidal E, Tolosa E, Espinar S, de Val BP, Nofrarías M, Alba A, Allepuz A, Grau-Roma L, López-Soria S, Martínez J, Abarca ML, Castellà J, Manteca X, Casanova MI, Isidoro-Ayza M, Galindo-Cardiel I, Soto S, Dolz R, Majó N, Ramis A, Segalés J, Mas L, Chacón C, Picart L, Marco A, Domingo M. Six-Year Follow-up of Slaughterhouse Surveillance (2008-2013): The Catalan Slaughterhouse Support Network (SESC). Vet Pathol 2015; 53:532-44. [PMID: 26169387 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815593125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Meat inspection has the ultimate objective of declaring the meat and offal obtained from carcasses of slaughtered animals fit or unfit for human consumption. This safeguards the health of consumers by ensuring that the food coming from these establishments poses no risk to public health. Concomitantly, it contributes to animal disease surveillance. The Catalan Public Health Protection Agency (Generalitat de Catalunya) identified the need to provide its meat inspectors with a support structure to improve diagnostic capacity: the Slaughterhouse Support Network (SESC). The main goal of the SESC was to offer continuing education to meat inspectors to improve the diagnostic capacity for lesions observed in slaughterhouses. With this aim, a web-based application was designed that allowed meat inspectors to submit their inquiries, images of the lesions, and samples for laboratory analysis. This commentary reviews the cases from the first 6 years of SESC operation (2008-2013). The program not only provides continuing education to inspectors but also contributes to the collection of useful information on animal health and welfare. Therefore, SESC complements animal disease surveillance programs, such as those for tuberculosis, bovine cysticercosis, and porcine trichinellosis, and is a powerful tool for early detection of emerging animal diseases and zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vidal
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Tolosa
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Espinar
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Pérez de Val
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Nofrarías
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Alba
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Allepuz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L Grau-Roma
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - S López-Soria
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Martínez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M L Abarca
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Castellà
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - X Manteca
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M I Casanova
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Isidoro-Ayza
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Galindo-Cardiel
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S Soto
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R Dolz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N Majó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Ramis
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Segalés
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L Mas
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - C Chacón
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L Picart
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Marco
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Domingo
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Fraile L, Saco Y, Grau-Roma L, Nofrarías M, López-Soria S, Sibila M, Callén A, Bassols A, Segalés J. Serum haptoglobin dynamics in pigs vaccinated or not vaccinated against porcine circovirus type 2. Porcine Health Manag 2015; 1:3. [PMID: 28405412 PMCID: PMC5375125 DOI: 10.1186/2055-5660-1-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the serum haptoglobin (Hp) dynamics in piglets vaccinated and non-vaccinated with a commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine at 3 weeks of age, and its relationship with the average daily weight gain (ADWG). The field study was carried out on two farms (A and B) with a previous clinical history of PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD). The aim of the study was to assess whether Hp could be used as a surrogate marker of PCV2 vaccine efficacy. PCV2 infection was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) in pigs from both farms, but PCV2-SD was only diagnosed in farm A. No statistically significant relation was found between serum Hp concentration and the percentage of qPCR positive animals and the treatment applied (PCV2 vaccination) in both farms. On the other hand, using linear regression analysis, a significant negative correlation between the area under the curve of Hp (AUCHp) and ADWG was observed for farm A (p < 0.00001) and B (p = 0.01). Based on the obtained determination coefficient (R2) values, AUCHp explained 20.0 and 11.6% of the observed ADWG for farms A and B, respectively. The present study supports that the measurement of acute phase proteins may be an indicator of ADWG in pig farms, but it was not apparently feasible to use the serum Hp concentration as a surrogate marker of PCV2 vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fraile
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Producció Animal, ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Yolanda Saco
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Nofrarías
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Soria
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Sibila
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Bassols
- Servei de Bioquímica Clínica Veterinària, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Kurtz S, Grau-Roma L, Cortey M, Fort M, Rodríguez F, Sibila M, Segalés J. Pigs naturally exposed to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) generate antibody responses capable to neutralise PCV2 isolates of different genotypes and geographic origins. Vet Res 2014; 45:29. [PMID: 24602200 PMCID: PMC3996031 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-45-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the essential infectious agent for PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD, formerly known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome) and other pathological conditions. Recent studies indicated antigenic variability amongst different PCV2 isolates and suggested that single amino acid changes within the capsid protein determine differences in the level of neutralization by specific monoclonal antibodies. The objective of the present study was to examine the cross-reactivity of PCV2 antibodies induced in the context of a natural infection against different PCV2 isolates belonging to genotypes PCV2a and PCV2b. Sera taken from several farms from animals of varying health status (PCV2-SD and age-matched healthy pigs and a set of slaughter-aged animals) were assayed for neutralizing activity against four PCV2 isolates from both predominant genotypes (PCV2a and PCV2b) and of differing geographic origins (Europe and North-America). Results showed that most of studied pigs (79 out of 82) contained neutralizing antibodies (NA) able to neutralize all four studied viral strains. Overall, pigs had significantly higher NA titres against PCV2a than against PCV2b (P < 0.001). Accordingly, studied serums were able to better neutralize Burgos390L4 and Stoon-1010 strains (PCV2a) than L-33-Sp-10-54 and MO/S-06 strains (PCV2b) (P < 0.001). No differences between capabilities of seroneutralization of viruses from different geographic origin were observed. Present data suggests that sequence differences between PCV2 isolates translate to functional antigenic differences in viral neutralization in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pérez de Val B, Grau-Roma L, Segalés J, Domingo M, Vidal E. Mycobacteriosis outbreak caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium detected through meat inspection in five porcine fattening farms. Vet Rec 2013; 174:96. [PMID: 24336794 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Pérez de Val
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
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de Brot S, Grau-Roma L, Vidal E, Segalés J. Occurrence of osteochondromatosis (multiple cartilaginous exostoses) in a domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:599-602. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638713495545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondromatosis is a condition in which multiple benign, cartilage-capped tumors arise from the surface of bones formed by endochondral ossification. The current report describes the presence of 4 prominent exophytic masses, measuring between 4 and 13 cm in diameter, arising from the surface of the ribs, and located within the thoracic cavity, in a 2-year-old female domestic pig ( Sus scrofa domesticus). Histological studies revealed that masses were well-differentiated, cartilage-capped proliferations with an orderly pattern of endochondral mineralization toward deeper areas. The observed gross and microscopic findings are characteristic of osteochondromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (de Brot)
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Grau-Roma, Segalés)
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Barcelona, Spain (Vidal, Segalés)
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (de Brot)
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Grau-Roma, Segalés)
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Barcelona, Spain (Vidal, Segalés)
| | - Enric Vidal
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (de Brot)
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Grau-Roma, Segalés)
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Barcelona, Spain (Vidal, Segalés)
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (de Brot)
- Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Grau-Roma, Segalés)
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona–Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentària, Barcelona, Spain (Vidal, Segalés)
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Domínguez E, Anadón E, Espada Y, Grau-Roma L, Majó N, Novellas R. Imaging diagnosis--ultrasonographic appearance of small bowel metastasis from canine mammary carcinoma. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 55:208-12. [PMID: 23763430 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old entire female Beagle dog was evaluated for an acute history of lethargy, anorexia, and diarrhea. Mammary tumors were detected during physical examination. Ultrasonographic scanning revealed the presence of a unique pattern of multiple, well-defined and well-marginated hypoechoic nodules in the muscularis layer of the jejunum. These nodules were not associated with changes in the rest of the normal intestinal layering and were not causing signs of intestinal obstruction. Mammary carcinoma metastases to the intestinal muscularis layer were diagnosed based on histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Domínguez
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinary, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
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Hansen MS, Segalés J, Fernandes LT, Grau-Roma L, Bille-Hansen V, Larsen LE, Nielsen OL. Detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and viral replication by in situ hybridization in primary lymphoid organs from naturally and experimentally infected pigs. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:980-8. [PMID: 23482522 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813480805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). It has been speculated whether cell types permissive of replication are found in the primary lymphoid organs and whether infection of these tissues has an important role in the pathogenesis of PMWS. The aim of this study was to determine if primary lymphoid organ cells support viral replication during PCV2 infection. This was done by histopathological examination of thymus and bone marrow from pigs experimentally inoculated with PCV2 (n = 24), mock-infected pigs (n = 12), pigs naturally affected by PMWS (n = 33), and age-matched healthy control animals (n = 29). In situ hybridization (ISH) techniques were used to detect PCV2 nucleic acid irrespective of replicative status (complementary probe, CP) or to detect only the replicative form of the virus (replicative form probe, RFP). PCV2 was not detected in the experimentally PCV2-inoculated pigs or the control animals. Among the PMWS-affected pigs, 19 of 20 (95%) thymuses were positive for PCV2 by CP ISH, and 7 of 19 (37%) of these also supported viral replication. By CP ISH, PCV2 was detected in 16 of 33 (48%) bone marrow samples, and 5 of 16 (31%) of these also supported replication. The 2 ISH probes labeled the same cell types, which were histiocytes in both organs and lymphocytes in thymus. The RFP labeled fewer cells than the CP. Thus, PCV2 nucleic acids and replication were found in bone marrow and thymus of PMWS-affected pigs, but there was no evidence that primary lymphoid organ cells are major supporters of PCV2 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research, The National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Grau-Roma L, Stockmarr A, Kristensen CS, Enøe C, López-Soria S, Nofrarías M, Bille-Hansen V, Hjulsager CK, Sibila M, Jorsal SE, Fraile L, Baekbo P, Vigre H, Segalés J, Larsen LE. Infectious risk factors for individual postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) development in pigs from affected farms in Spain and Denmark. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1231-40. [PMID: 22884005 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two prospective longitudinal studies in 13 postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-affected farms from Spain (n=3) and Denmark (n=10) were performed. Blood samples from pigs were longitudinally collected from 1st week until the occurrence of the PMWS outbreak. Wasted and healthy age-matched pigs were euthanized, necropsied and histopathologically characterised. PMWS diagnosis was confirmed by means of lymphoid lesions and detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in these tissues by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. Serological analyses were performed in longitudinally collected serum samples to detect antibodies against, PCV2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), swine influenza virus (SIV) and Lawsonia intracellularis (law), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) and Salmonella spp. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the simultaneous effects of seroconversion and maternal immunity against the studied pathogens. Results showed that high levels of maternal immunity against PCV2 had a protecting effect in farms from both countries. Moreover, for the Danish dataset, seroconversion against law had an overall protecting effect, but for animals with very low levels of maternal antibody levels against this pathogen, the effect appeared neutral or aggravating. Otherwise, for the Spanish dataset, maternal immunity against PPV and PRRSV gave protective and aggravating effects, respectively. In conclusion, the present study reflects the complex interaction among different pathogens and their effects in order to trigger PMWS in PCV2 infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
An 11-year-old male Belgian shepherd dog was evaluated for a one-week history of progressive lethargy, decreased appetite and excessive panting. On physical examination, a pedunculated mass protruding from the right side of the tongue base was observed. The mass was solid, irregular and multi-lobulated, and it measured approximately 4 × 2 cm. The mass was surgically excised. The histological examination was consistent with a lingual osteoma and the margins were free of neoplastic cells. The dog was euthanased eight months after the diagnosis because of an unrelated problem and no evidence of recurrence at the surgical site was appreciated at that time. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report of a lingual osteoma in a dog, and, therefore, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of masses on the tongue, especially pedunculated masses located at the base of the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernandez
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08093, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Fraile L, Grau-Roma L, Sarasola P, Sinovas N, Nofrarías M, López-Jimenez R, López-Soria S, Sibila M, Segalés J. Inactivated PCV2 one shot vaccine applied in 3-week-old piglets: Improvement of production parameters and interaction with maternally derived immunity. Vaccine 2012; 30:1986-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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López J, Grau-Roma L, Martínez J, Majó N, Marco A, Castillo A, Domingo M. Histopathological Findings in Animals Affected by Bovine Besnoitiosis, with Special Focus on Male Genital Organs. J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Grau-Roma L, Costa T, Chaves A, Bertran K, Marco A, Martínez J, Ramis A, Dolz R, Majó N. Intralesional Detection of a Birnavirus-Like Agent in Field and Experimentally-Reproduced Cases of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis (TVP). J Comp Pathol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Cutaneous tumors are not usually observed in pigs, and mast cell tumors, in particular, have been rarely described. The current report describes numerous, pink to red, elevated, 1-5-cm nodules in the skin of a 6-month-old slaughter pig. The histopathology of the nodules revealed well-demarcated, but poorly differentiated, populations of round cells that extended from the dermis into subcutaneous tissues. The presence of eosinophils and the observation, at high magnification, of cells with cytoplasmic metachromatic granules, after toluidine blue staining, confirmed the diagnosis of multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Martínez
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nieto D, Aramouni M, Grau-Roma L, Segalés J, Kekarainen T. Dynamics of Torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1) and 2 (TTSuV2) DNA loads in serum of healthy and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected pigs. Vet Microbiol 2011; 152:284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cortey M, Napp S, Alba A, Pileri E, Grau-Roma L, Sibila M, Segalés J. Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Estimate the Usefulness of Pooled Serum Samples for the Diagnosis of Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:233-40. [DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) diagnosis is based on postmortem findings (histopathology plus viral detection in lymphoid tissues). Because one of the major differences between PMWS-affected and nonaffected pigs is Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) load in serum and tissues, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic technique for the disease. The objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of qPCR to quantify PCV-2 loads in pooled serum samples as an easy-to-use PMWS diagnostic tool at the herd level. The experimental design included two simulation studies with several serum pool sizes from pigs already screened for PMWS (by histopathology and detection of PCV-2 by qPCR). Several qPCR thresholds were defined and validated with experimental pools created in the laboratory. Quantitative PCR on pooled serum samples did not result in a sufficiently reliable alternate method to the classical PMWS diagnosis method based on individual clinical, histopathological, and PCV-2 detection criteria. However, serum pools seemed to be an alternative at a low economic cost for the quantification of PCV-2 loads in suspicious herds. A targeted (including only clinically diseased animals) sampling approach did not give better estimates compared with a random sampling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Cortey
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UABIRTA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Napp
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UABIRTA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Alba
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UABIRTA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuela Pileri
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UABIRTA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UABIRTA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Sibila
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UABIRTA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UABIRTA Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- the Departament de Sanitat Animal, Facultat de Veterinària Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Grau-Roma L, Marco A, Martínez J, Chaves A, Dolz R, Majó N. Infectious bursal disease-like virus in cases of transmissible viral proventriculitis. Vet Rec 2011; 167:836. [PMID: 21262640 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Grau-Roma L, Fraile L, Segalés J. Recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by porcine circovirus type 2. Vet J 2011; 187:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Galindo-Cardiel I, Grau-Roma L, Pérez-Maíllo M, Segalés J. Characterization of necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. J Comp Pathol 2010; 144:63-9. [PMID: 20708744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing lymphadenitis is observed in approximately 2% of pigs affected by post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). The pathogenesis of the lesion has been linked to apoptosis induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The aim of the present study was to gain further insights into PCV2-associated lymphoid necrosis in pigs with PMWS. Three groups of animals were studied: (1) PMWS-affected pigs with necrotizing lymphadenitis (n=5), (2) PMWS-affected pigs without necrotizing lymphadenitis (n=5) and (3) healthy pigs with no PMWS-related lesions (n=5). Investigations performed included immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and von Willebrand factor, Mallory's staining for fibrin and in-situ hybridization for detection of the PCV2 genome. The results of the study suggested that lymphoid necrosis in PMWS-affected pigs may be related to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of high endothelial venules (HEVs). The mechanism underlying these changes in HEVs was not clearly defined, but necrotizing lymphadenitis in pigs with PMWS may develop following vascular damage with thrombosis and subsequent follicular necrosis. Apoptosis was not found to be involved in lymphocyte depletion in PMWS or in PMWS-associated necrotizing lymphadenitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Galindo-Cardiel
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Barcelona, Spain.
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Grau-Roma L, Crisci E, Sibila M, López-Soria S, Nofrarías M, Cortey M, Fraile L, Olvera A, Segalés J. Corrigendum to “A proposal on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotype definition and their relation with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence” [Vet. Microbiol. 128 (2008) 23–25]. Vet Microbiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sibila M, Martínez-Guinó L, Huerta E, Llorens A, Mora M, Grau-Roma L, Kekarainen T, Segalés J. Swine torque teno virus (TTV) infection and excretion dynamics in conventional pig farms. Vet Microbiol 2009; 139:213-8. [PMID: 19559548 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Torque teno virus (TTV) is a non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus infecting human and non-primate species. Two genogroups of TTV (TTV1 and TTV2) have been described in swine so far. In the present study, TTV1 and TTV2 prevalences in serum, and nasal as well as rectal swabs of 55 randomly selected piglets from seven Spanish multi-site farms, were monitored from 1 to 15 weeks of age. Also, blood from their dams (n=41) were taken at 1 week post-farrowing. Samples were tested by means of two TTV genogroup specific PCRs. Although prevalence of TTV1 and TTV2 in sows was relatively high (54% and 32%, respectively), it was not directly associated to their prevalence in the offspring. Percentage of viremic pigs for both TTV genogroups followed similar dynamics, increasing progressively over time, with the highest rate of detection at 11 weeks of age for TTV1 and at 15 weeks for TTV2. Forty-two (76%) and 33 (60%) of the 55 studied pigs were TTV1 and TTV2 PCR positive in serum, respectively, in more than one sampling time. TTV1 and TTV2 viremia lasted in a number of animals up to 15 and 8 weeks, respectively. Co-infection with both TTV genogroups in serum was detected at all sampling points, but at 1 week of age. On the contrary, there were animals PCR negative to both genogroups in serum at all sampling times but at 15 weeks of age. During the study period, TTV1 and TTV2 nasal shedding increased also over time and faecal excretion was intermittent and of low percentage (<20%). In conclusion, the present study describes for the first time the infection dynamics of TTV1 and TTV2 as well as the nasal and faecal excretion throughout the life of pigs from conventional, multi-site farms. Moreover, results indicate that both swine TTV genogroups are able to establish persistent infections in a number of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sibila
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Grau-Roma L, Heegaard PMH, Hjulsager CK, Sibila M, Kristensen CS, Allepuz A, Piñeiro M, Larsen LE, Segalés J, Fraile L. Pig-major acute phase protein and haptoglobin serum concentrations correlate with PCV2 viremia and the clinical course of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Vet Microbiol 2009; 138:53-61. [PMID: 19356864 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present longitudinal study was to assess the evolution of two acute phase proteins (APPs), pig-major acute phase protein (pig-MAP) and haptoglobin (HPT), in serum from pigs that developed postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in comparison to healthy and wasted non-PMWS affected pigs. In addition, evidence of infection with other pathogens and its relation with variations in APPs concentrations was also assessed. Fourteen independent batches of 100-154 pigs were monitored from birth to PMWS outbreak occurrence in 11 PMWS affected farms. Pigs displaying PMWS-like signs and age-matched healthy controls were euthanized during the clinical outbreak. PMWS was diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria and pigs were classified as: (i) PMWS cases, (ii) wasted non-PMWS cases and (iii) healthy pigs. At the moment of PMWS occurrence, pig-MAP and HPT concentration in PMWS affected pigs were higher than in healthy ones (p<0.0001). No differences in APPs serum concentrations between subclinically PCV2-infected pigs and healthy non-PCV2-infected pigs (based on quantitative PCR on serum results) were detected. Results showed a significant correlation between PCV2 loads and both pig-MAP (R=0.487-0.602, p<0.0001) and HPT (R=0.326-0.550, p<0.05-0.0001) concentrations in serum of PMWS affected pigs, indicating that the acute phase response in PMWS affected pigs occurred concomitantly to PCV2 viremia. No other pathogen, apart from PCV2, was consistently related with variations in APPs concentrations. A ROC analysis, made to determine the capacity of discrimination of both APPs between PMWS affected and non-affected pigs, showed higher sensitivity and specificity values using pig-MAP compared to HPT. These results suggest that pig-MAP might be a better indicator of PMWS status than HPT. Moreover, the fact that APR occurred some weeks before the start of clinical signs suggests that APPs could provide valuable prognostic information for PMWS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grau-Roma
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Grau-Roma L, Hjulsager CK, Sibila M, Kristensen CS, López-Soria S, Enøe C, Casal J, Bøtner A, Nofrarías M, Bille-Hansen V, Fraile L, Baekbo P, Segalés J, Larsen LE. Infection, excretion and seroconversion dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in pigs from post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected farms in Spain and Denmark. Vet Microbiol 2008; 135:272-82. [PMID: 19027247 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal case-control studies were performed in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected farms from Denmark and Spain using similar designs. Fourteen independent batches of 100-154 pigs per batch were monitored from birth to PMWS outbreak occurrence. Pigs displaying PMWS-like signs and matched healthy cohorts were euthanized during the clinical outbreak. PMWS was diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria and pigs were classified as: (i) PMWS cases, (ii) wasted non-PMWS cases and (iii) healthy pigs. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) quantitative PCR (qPCR) and serology techniques were applied to analyse longitudinally collected sera and/or nasal and rectal swabs. Results showed that PCV2 load increased in parallel to waning maternal antibody levels, reaching the maximum viral load concurrent with development of clinical signs. PMWS affected pigs had higher PCV2 prevalence and/or viral load than healthy pigs in all collected samples at necropsy (p<0.0001-0.05) and even in sera and nasal swabs at the sampling prior to PMWS outbreak (p<0.01-0.05). Danish farms had a higher PCV2 prevalence in young piglets as well as an earlier PMWS presentation compared to Spanish farms. PMWS diagnoses were confirmed by laboratory tests in only half of pigs clinically suspected to suffer from PMWS. Positive and significant correlations were found among PCV2 viral loads present in sera, nasal swabs, rectal swabs and lymphoid tissues (R=0.289-0.827, p<0.0001-0.01), which indicates that nasal and rectal swabs were suitable indicators of PCV2 excretion. Sensitivity and/or specificity values observed from both tests used separately or combined suggested that qPCR and/or serology tests are not apparently able to substitute histopathology plus detection of PCV2 in tissues for the individual PMWS diagnosis within PMWS affected farms. However, qPCR appears to be a potential reliable technique to diagnose PMWS on a population basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Segalés J, Olvera A, Grau-Roma L, Charreyre C, Nauwynck H, Larsen L, Dupont K, McCullough K, Ellis J, Krakowka S, Mankertz A, Fredholm M, Fossum C, Timmusk S, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Beattie V, Armstrong D, Grassland B, Baekbo P, Allan G. PCV-2 genotype definition and nomenclature. Vet Rec 2008; 162:867-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.162.26.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal - Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Olvera
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal - Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - L. Grau-Roma
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal - Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | | | - H. Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
| | - L. Larsen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research; Technical University of Denmark; 1790 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. Dupont
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research; Technical University of Denmark; 1790 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. McCullough
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis; CH-3147 Mittelhäusern Switzerland
| | - J. Ellis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology; Western College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; 52 Campus Drive Saskatoon 57N 5B4 Canada
| | - S. Krakowka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Ohio State University; Columbus 43210 USA
| | - A. Mankertz
- Robert Koch-Institut; Division of Viral Infections (FG12); Nordufer 20 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - M. Fredholm
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Basic Sciences; Division of Genetics and Bioinformatics; Faculty of Life Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Fossum
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health; Section for Immunology; Biomedical Centre; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 588 SE 751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - S. Timmusk
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health; Section for Immunology; Biomedical Centre; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; PO Box 588 SE 751 23 Uppsala Sweden
| | - N. Stockhofe-Zurwieden
- Animal Sciences Group; Wageningen UR Infectious Diseases; Edelhertweg 15, PO Box 65 8200 AB Lelystad The Netherlands
| | - V. Beattie
- Devenish Nutrition; 96 Duncrue Street Belfast BT3 9AR
| | - D. Armstrong
- BPEX; PO Box 44, Winterhill House, Snowdon Drive Milton Keynes MK6 1AX
| | - B. Grassland
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments; BP 53 F-22440 Ploufragan France
| | - P. Baekbo
- Section for Veterinary Research and Development; Danish Pig Production; Vinkelvej 11 DK-8620 Kjellerup Denmark
| | - G. Allan
- Virology Laboratory; Veterinary Sciences Department; Queen's University of Belfast; Belfast BT4 3SD
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Grau-Roma L, Crisci E, Sibila M, López-Soria S, Nofrarias M, Cortey M, Fraile L, Olvera A, Segalés J. A proposal on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotype definition and their relation with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) occurrence. Vet Microbiol 2007; 128:23-35. [PMID: 17976930 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Despite first sequencing studies did not find any association between PCV2 sequences and PMWS occurrence, recent works have suggested the opposite. In the present study, 87 open reading frame 2 (ORF2) sequences obtained from pigs with different clinical conditions and coming from farms with different PMWS status were analyzed. Results further confirmed the existence of two genogroups and the definition of two PCV2 genotypes (1 and 2) is proposed. All sequences included in genotype 1 came from pigs from PMWS affected farms, while all sequences obtained from non-PMWS affected farms corresponded to genotype 2. Moreover, infection of single pigs from PMWS affected farms harbouring both genotypes is described. Present results suggest that PCV2 genotype 1 may potentially be more pathogenic than PCV2 genotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Grau-Roma
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Esfera Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
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Grau-Roma L, Segalés J. Detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, swine influenza virus and Aujeszky's disease virus in cases of porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (PNP) in Spain. Vet Microbiol 2006; 119:144-51. [PMID: 17070659 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (PNP) is a severe form of interstitial pneumonia characterised by hypertrophy and proliferation of pneumocytes type 2 and presence of necrotic cells within alveoli lumen. Many viral agents have been linked to PNP aetiology, with especial emphasis on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). To gain knowledge on PNP causality, a retrospective study on 74 PNP cases from postweaning pigs from Spain was carried out. Coupled with histopathological examinations, the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) by in situ hybridization (ISH), and PRRSV, swine influenza virus (SIV) and Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) by immunohistochemical (IHC) methods, were investigated. PCV2 was the most prevalent viral agent in PNP cases (85.1%) followed by PRRSV (44.6%); 39.1% of PNP cases showed PCV2 as the solely detected agent, while only 4.1% had PRRSV as the unique pathogen. SIV and ADV were very sporadically detected in PNP cases, and always in co-infection with PCV2. Therefore, present data indicate that PCV2 is the most important aetiological agent in PNP cases from Spain and that PRRSV is not essential for the development of PNP. Taking into account the presented results and available literature, we suggest that PCV2 is possibly the main contributor to PNP cases in Europe while PRRSV could play a similar role in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llorenç Grau-Roma
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Edifici CReSA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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