1
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Fels JM, Khan S, Forster R, Skalina KA, Sirichand S, Fox AS, Bergman A, Mitchell WB, Wolgast LR, Szymczak WA, Bortz RH, Dieterle ME, Florez C, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Laudermilch E, Wirchnianski AS, Barnhill J, Goldman DL, Khine H, Goldstein DY, Daily JP, Chandran K, Kelly L. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the pandemic in the Bronx enabled clinical and epidemiological inference. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006211. [PMID: 35831070 PMCID: PMC9528964 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bronx was an early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. We conducted temporal genomic surveillance of 104 SARS-CoV-2 genomes across the Bronx from March October 2020. Although the local structure of SARS-CoV-2 lineages mirrored those of New York City and New York State, temporal sampling revealed a dynamic and changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity. Mapping the trajectories of mutations, we found that while some became 'endemic' to the Bronx, other, novel mutations rose in prevalence in the late summer/early fall. Geographically resolved genomes enabled us to distinguish between cases of reinfection and persistent infection in two pediatric patients. We propose that limited, targeted, temporal genomic surveillance has clinical and epidemiological utility in managing the ongoing COVID pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karin A Skalina
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | | | - Amy S Fox
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Lucia R Wolgast
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Catalina Florez
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and United States Military Academy at West Point
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2
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Lasso G, Khan S, Allen SA, Mariano M, Florez C, Orner EP, Quiroz JA, Quevedo G, Massimi A, Hegde A, Wirchnianski AS, Bortz RH, Malonis RJ, Georgiev GI, Tong K, Herrera NG, Morano NC, Garforth SJ, Malaviya A, Khokhar A, Laudermilch E, Dieterle ME, Fels JM, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Barnhill J, Almo SC, Chandran K, Lai JR, Kelly L, Daily JP, Vergnolle O. Longitudinally monitored immune biomarkers predict the timing of COVID-19 outcomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009778. [PMID: 35041647 PMCID: PMC8812869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely between individuals. Machine learning models can support decision making in healthcare by assessing fatality risk in patients that do not yet show severe signs of COVID-19. Most predictive models rely on static demographic features and clinical values obtained upon hospitalization. However, time-dependent biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity, such as antibody titers, can substantially contribute to the development of more accurate outcome models. Here we show that models trained on immune biomarkers, longitudinally monitored throughout hospitalization, predicted mortality and were more accurate than models based on demographic and clinical data upon hospital admission. Our best-performing predictive models were based on the temporal analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG titers, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. These biomarkers, together with C-reactive protein and blood urea nitrogen levels, were found to correlate with severity of disease and mortality in a time-dependent manner. Shapley additive explanations of our model revealed the higher predictive value of day post-symptom onset (PSO) as hospitalization progresses and showed how immune biomarkers contribute to predict mortality. In sum, we demonstrate that the kinetics of immune biomarkers can inform clinical models to serve as a powerful monitoring tool for predicting fatality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, underscoring the importance of contextualizing clinical parameters according to their time post-symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Allen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Margarette Mariano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Erika P. Orner
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Quiroz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory Quevedo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Aldo Massimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Aditi Hegde
- Eastchester High School, 2 Stewart Place, Eastchester, New York, United States of America
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Natalia G. Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Avinash Malaviya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Khokhar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Services, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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3
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Herman JD, Wang C, Loos C, Yoon H, Rivera J, Eugenia Dieterle M, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Bortz RH, Bar KJ, Julg B, Chandran K, Lauffenburger D, Pirofski LA, Alter G. Functional convalescent plasma antibodies and pre-infusion titers shape the early severe COVID-19 immune response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6853. [PMID: 34824251 PMCID: PMC8617042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfer of convalescent plasma (CP) had been proposed early during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as an accessible therapy, yet trial results worldwide have been mixed, potentially due to the heterogeneous nature of CP. Here we perform deep profiling of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titer, Fc-receptor binding, and Fc-mediated functional assays in CP units, as well as in plasma from hospitalized COVID-19 patients before and after CP administration. The profiling results show that, although all recipients exhibit expanded SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune responses, CP units contain more functional antibodies than recipient plasma. Meanwhile, CP functional profiles influence the evolution of recipient humoral immunity in conjuncture with the recipient's pre-existing SARS-CoV2-specific antibody titers: CP-derived SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-specific antibody functions are associated with muted humoral immune evolution in patients with high titer anti-spike IgG. Our data thus provide insights into the unexpected impact of CP-derived functional anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2-specific response following severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Herman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolin Loos
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyunah Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Johanna Rivera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Robert H Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Haslwanter D, Dieterle ME, Wec AZ, O’Brien CM, Sakharkar M, Florez C, Tong K, Rappazzo CG, Lasso G, Vergnolle O, Wirchnianski AS, Bortz RH, Laudermilch E, Fels JM, Mengotto A, Malonis RJ, Georgiev GI, Quiroz JA, Wrapp D, Wang N, Dye KE, Barnhill J, Dye JM, McLellan JS, Daily JP, Lai JR, Herbert AS, Walker LM, Chandran K, Jangra RK. A Combination of Receptor-Binding Domain and N-Terminal Domain Neutralizing Antibodies Limits the Generation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Neutralization-Escape Mutants. mBio 2021; 12:e0247321. [PMID: 34607456 PMCID: PMC8546647 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02473-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most known SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), including those approved by the FDA for emergency use, inhibit viral infection by targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Variants of concern (VOC) carrying mutations in the RBD or other regions of S reduce the effectiveness of many nAbs and vaccines by evading neutralization. Therefore, therapies that are less susceptible to resistance are urgently needed. Here, we characterized the memory B-cell repertoire of COVID-19 convalescent donors and analyzed their RBD and non-RBD nAbs. We found that many of the non-RBD-targeting nAbs were specific to the N-terminal domain (NTD). Using neutralization assays with authentic SARS-CoV-2 and a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying SARS-CoV-2 S protein (rVSV-SARS2), we defined a panel of potent RBD and NTD nAbs. Next, we used a combination of neutralization-escape rVSV-SARS2 mutants and a yeast display library of RBD mutants to map their epitopes. The most potent RBD nAb competed with hACE2 binding and targeted an epitope that includes residue F490. The most potent NTD nAb epitope included Y145, K150, and W152. As seen with some of the natural VOC, the neutralization potencies of COVID-19 convalescent-phase sera were reduced by 4- to 16-fold against rVSV-SARS2 bearing Y145D, K150E, or W152R spike mutations. Moreover, we found that combining RBD and NTD nAbs did not enhance their neutralization potential. Notably, the same combination of RBD and NTD nAbs limited the development of neutralization-escape mutants in vitro, suggesting such a strategy may have higher efficacy and utility for mitigating the emergence of VOC. IMPORTANCE The U.S. FDA has issued emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for multiple investigational monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapies for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. These MAb therapeutics are solely targeting the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, the N-terminal domain of the spike protein also carries crucial neutralizing epitopes. Here, we show that key mutations in the N-terminal domain can reduce the neutralizing capacity of convalescent-phase COVID-19 sera. We report that a combination of two neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding and N-terminal domains may be beneficial to combat the emergence of virus variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Cecilia M. O’Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | | | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, USA
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jose A. Quiroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Dye
- Department of Science, Mount St. Mary’s University, Emmitsburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Services, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Laura M. Walker
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Adagio Therapeutics Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Bortz RH, Florez C, Laudermilch E, Wirchnianski AS, Lasso G, Malonis RJ, Georgiev GI, Vergnolle O, Herrera NG, Morano NC, Campbell ST, Orner EP, Mengotto A, Dieterle ME, Fels JM, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Celikgil A, Kimmel D, Lee JH, Mariano MC, Nakouzi A, Quiroz J, Rivera J, Szymczak WA, Tong K, Barnhill J, Forsell MNE, Ahlm C, Stein DT, Pirofski LA, Goldstein DY, Garforth SJ, Almo SC, Daily JP, Prystowsky MB, Faix JD, Fox AS, Weiss LM, Lai JR, Chandran K. Single-Dilution COVID-19 Antibody Test with Qualitative and Quantitative Readouts. mSphere 2021; 6:e00224-21. [PMID: 33883259 PMCID: PMC8546701 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00224-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to place an immense burden on societies and health care systems. A key component of COVID-19 control efforts is serological testing to determine the community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and quantify individual immune responses to prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Here, we describe a laboratory-developed antibody test that uses readily available research-grade reagents to detect SARS-CoV-2 exposure in patient blood samples with high sensitivity and specificity. We further show that this sensitive test affords the estimation of viral spike-specific IgG titers from a single sample measurement, thereby providing a simple and scalable method to measure the strength of an individual's immune response. The accuracy, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness of this test make it an excellent option for clinical deployment in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.IMPORTANCE Serological surveillance has become an important public health tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Detection of protective antibodies and seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination can help guide patient care plans and public health policies. Serology tests can detect antibodies against past infections; consequently, they can help overcome the shortcomings of molecular tests, which can detect only active infections. This is important, especially when considering that many COVID-19 patients are asymptomatic. In this study, we describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based qualitative and quantitative serology test developed to measure IgG and IgA antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The test can be deployed using commonly available laboratory reagents and equipment and displays high specificity and sensitivity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IgG titers in patient samples can be estimated from a single measurement, enabling the assay's use in high-throughput clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ryan J Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - George I Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Natalia G Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas C Morano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sean T Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Erika P Orner
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - M Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Alev Celikgil
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Duncan Kimmel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - James H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Margarette C Mariano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Nakouzi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jose Quiroz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Johanna Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Wendy A Szymczak
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, USA
| | | | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel T Stein
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - D Yitzchak Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Scott J Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Johanna P Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael B Prystowsky
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - James D Faix
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Amy S Fox
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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6
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Herman JD, Wang C, Loos C, Yoon H, Rivera J, Dieterle ME, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Bortz RH, Bar KJ, Julg B, Chandran K, Lauffenburger D, Pirofski LA, Alter G. Functional Antibodies in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma. medRxiv 2021:2021.03.08.21253157. [PMID: 33758875 PMCID: PMC7987034 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.08.21253157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of an effective vaccine or monoclonal therapeutic, transfer of convalescent plasma (CCP) was proposed early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as an easily accessible therapy. However, despite the global excitement around this historically valuable therapeutic approach, results from CCP trials have been mixed and highly debated. Unlike other therapeutic interventions, CCP represents a heterogeneous drug. Each CCP unit is unique and collected from an individual recovered COVID-19 patient, making the interpretation of therapeutic benefit more complicated. While the prevailing view in the field would suggest that it is administration of neutralizing antibodies via CCP that centrally provides therapeutic benefit to newly infected COVID-19 patients, many hospitalized COVID-19 patients already possess neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the therapeutic benefit of antibodies can extend far beyond their simple ability to bind and block infection, especially related to their ability to interact with the innate immune system. In our work we deeply profiled the SARS-CoV-2-specific Fc-response in CCP donors, along with the recipients prior to and after CCP transfer, revealing striking SARS-CoV-2 specific Fc-heterogeneity across CCP units and their recipients. However, CCP units possessed more functional antibodies than acute COVID-19 patients, that shaped the evolution of COVID-19 patient humoral profiles via distinct immunomodulatory effects that varied by pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S)-specific IgG titers in the patients. Our analysis identified surprising influence of both S and Nucleocapsid (N) specific antibody functions not only in direct antiviral activity but also in anti-inflammatory effects. These findings offer insights for more comprehensive interpretation of correlates of immunity in ongoing large scale CCP trials and for the design of next generation therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Herman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carolin Loos
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyunah Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY,USA
| | - Johanna Rivera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY,USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Katharine J. Bar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY,USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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7
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Yoon HA, Bartash R, Gendlina I, Rivera J, Nakouzi A, Bortz RH, Wirchnianski AS, Paroder M, Fehn K, Serrano-Rahman L, Babb R, Sarwar UN, Haslwanter D, Laudermilch E, Florez C, Dieterle ME, Jangra RK, Fels JM, Tong K, Mariano MC, Vergnolle O, Georgiev GI, Herrera NG, Malonis RJ, Quiroz JA, Morano NC, Krause GJ, Sweeney JM, Cowman K, Allen S, Annam J, Applebaum A, Barboto D, Khokhar A, Lally BJ, Lee A, Lee M, Malaviya A, Sample R, Yang XA, Li Y, Ruiz R, Thota R, Barnhill J, Goldstein DY, Uehlinger J, Garforth SJ, Almo SC, Lai JR, Gil MR, Fox AS, Chandran K, Wang T, Daily JP, Pirofski LA. Treatment of severe COVID-19 with convalescent plasma in Bronx, NYC. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142270. [PMID: 33476300 PMCID: PMC7934933 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Convalescent plasma with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies (CCP) may hold promise as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the mortality and clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 who received 200 mL of CCP with a spike protein IgG titer ≥ 1:2430 (median 1:47,385) within 72 hours of admission with propensity score-matched controls cared for at a medical center in the Bronx, between April 13 and May 4, 2020. Matching criteria for controls were age, sex, body mass index, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, week of admission, oxygen requirement, D-dimer, lymphocyte counts, corticosteroid use, and anticoagulation use. There was no difference in mortality or oxygenation between CCP recipients and controls at day 28. When stratified by age, compared with matched controls, CCP recipients less than 65 years had 4-fold lower risk of mortality and 4-fold lower risk of deterioration in oxygenation or mortality at day 28. For CCP recipients, pretransfusion spike protein IgG, IgM, and IgA titers were associated with mortality at day 28 in univariate analyses. No adverse effects of CCP were observed. Our results suggest CCP may be beneficial for hospitalized patients less than 65 years, but data from controlled trials are needed to validate this finding and establish the effect of aging on CCP efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun ah Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Bartash
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Inessa Gendlina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Johanna Rivera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Antonio Nakouzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Karen Fehn
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Rachelle Babb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Uzma N. Sarwar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Margarette C. Mariano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Natalia G. Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jose A. Quiroz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Gregory J. Krause
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology
- Institute for Aging Research, and
| | - Joseph M. Sweeney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kelsie Cowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Barboto
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ahmed Khokhar
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Audrey Lee
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Max Lee
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Reise Sample
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Xiuyi A. Yang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Ruiz
- Network Performance Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Raja Thota
- Network Performance Group, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
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8
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Fels JM, Khan S, Forster R, Skalina KA, Sirichand S, Fox AS, Bergman A, Mitchell WB, Wolgast LR, Szymczak WA, Bortz RH, Dieterle ME, Florez C, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Laudermilch E, Wirchnianski AS, Barnhill J, Goldman DL, Khine H, Goldstein DY, Daily JP, Chandran K, Kelly L. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the Bronx enables clinical and epidemiological inference. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 33594384 PMCID: PMC7885943 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.08.21250641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Bronx was an early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. We conducted temporal genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 genomes across the Bronx from March-October 2020. Although the local structure of SARS-CoV-2 lineages mirrored those of New York City and New York State, temporal sampling revealed a dynamic and changing landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity. Mapping the trajectories of variants, we found that while some became ‘endemic’ to the Bronx, other, novel variants rose in prevalence in the late summer/early fall. Geographically resolved genomes enabled us to distinguish between cases of reinfection and persistent infection in two pediatric patients. We propose that limited, targeted, temporal genomic surveillance has clinical and epidemiological utility in managing the ongoing COVID pandemic. Temporally and geographically resolved sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genotypes enabled surveillance of novel genotypes, identification of endemic viral variants, and clinical inferences, in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Bronx.
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9
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Herrera N, Morano NC, Celikgil A, Georgiev GI, Malonis RJ, Lee JH, Tong K, Vergnolle O, Massimi AB, Yen LY, Noble AJ, Kopylov M, Bonanno JB, Garrett-Thomson SC, Hayes DB, Bortz RH, Wirchnianski AS, Florez C, Laudermilch E, Haslwanter D, Fels JM, Dieterle ME, Jangra RK, Barnhill J, Mengotto A, Kimmel D, Daily JP, Pirofski LA, Chandran K, Brenowitz M, Garforth SJ, Eng ET, Lai JR, Almo SC. Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein: Biophysical, Biochemical, Structural, and Antigenic Analysis. ACS Omega 2021; 6:85-102. [PMID: 33458462 PMCID: PMC7771249 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health crisis caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and there is a critical need to produce large quantities of high-quality SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein for use in both clinical and basic science settings. To address this need, we have evaluated the expression and purification of two previously reported S protein constructs in Expi293F and ExpiCHO-S cells, two different cell lines selected for increased protein expression. We show that ExpiCHO-S cells produce enhanced yields of both SARS-CoV-2 S proteins. Biochemical, biophysical, and structural (cryo-EM) characterizations of the SARS-CoV-2 S proteins produced in both cell lines demonstrate that the reported purification strategy yields high-quality S protein (nonaggregated, uniform material with appropriate biochemical and biophysical properties), and analysis of 20 deposited S protein cryo-EM structures reveals conformation plasticity in the region composed of amino acids 614-642 and 828-854. Importantly, we show that multiple preparations of these two recombinant S proteins from either cell line exhibit identical behavior in two different serology assays. We also evaluate the specificity of S protein-mediated host cell binding by examining interactions with proposed binding partners in the human secretome and report no novel binding partners and notably fail to validate the Spike:CD147 interaction. In addition, the antigenicity of these proteins is demonstrated by standard ELISAs and in a flexible protein microarray format. Collectively, we establish an array of metrics for ensuring the production of high-quality S protein to support clinical, biological, biochemical, structural, and mechanistic studies to combat the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia
G. Herrera
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Alev Celikgil
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - James H. Lee
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Karen Tong
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Aldo B. Massimi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Laura Y. Yen
- National
Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave., New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alex J. Noble
- National
Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave., New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mykhailo Kopylov
- National
Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave., New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Bonanno
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Sarah C. Garrett-Thomson
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - David B. Hayes
- International
Solidarity of Scientists LLC, 9 Chuck Wagon Lane, Danbury, Connecticut 06810, United States
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, United States
Military Academy at West Point, 646 Swift Road, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department
of Chemistry and Life Science, United States
Military Academy at West Point, 646 Swift Road, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York 10461, United States
| | - Duncan Kimmel
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York 10461, United States
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York 10461, United States
| | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York 10461, United States
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein
College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Michael Brenowitz
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Edward T. Eng
- National
Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave., New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College
of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, New York 10461, United
States
| |
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10
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Yoon HA, Bartash R, Gendlina I, Rivera J, Nakouzi A, Bortz RH, Wirchnianski AS, Paroder M, Fehn K, Serrano-Rahman L, Babb R, Sarwar UN, Haslwanter D, Laudermilch E, Florez C, Dieterle ME, Jangra RK, Fels JM, Tong K, Mariano MC, Vergnolle O, Georgiev GI, Herrera NG, Malonis RJ, Quiroz JA, Morano NC, Krause GJ, Sweeney JM, Cowman K, Allen S, Annam J, Applebaum A, Barboto D, Khokhar A, Lally BJ, Lee A, Lee M, Malaviya A, Sample R, Yang XA, Li Y, Ruiz R, Thota R, Barnhill J, Goldstein DY, Uehlinger J, Garforth SJ, Almo SC, Lai JR, Gil MR, Fox AS, Chandran K, Wang T, Daily JP, Pirofski LA. Treatment of Severe COVID-19 with Convalescent Plasma in the Bronx, NYC. medRxiv 2020:2020.12.02.20242909. [PMID: 33300012 PMCID: PMC7724683 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.02.20242909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Convalescent plasma with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies (CCP) may hold promise as treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared the mortality and clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 who received 200mL of CCP with a Spike protein IgG titer ≥1:2,430 (median 1:47,385) within 72 hours of admission to propensity score-matched controls cared for at a medical center in the Bronx, between April 13 to May 4, 2020. Matching criteria for controls were age, sex, body mass index, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, week of admission, oxygen requirement, D-dimer, lymphocyte counts, corticosteroids, and anticoagulation use. There was no difference in mortality or oxygenation between CCP recipients and controls at day 28. When stratified by age, compared to matched controls, CCP recipients <65 years had 4-fold lower mortality and 4-fold lower deterioration in oxygenation or mortality at day 28. For CCP recipients, pre-transfusion Spike protein IgG, IgM and IgA titers were associated with mortality at day 28 in univariate analyses. No adverse effects of CCP were observed. Our results suggest CCP may be beneficial for hospitalized patients <65 years, but data from controlled trials is needed to validate this finding and establish the effect of ageing on CCP efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun ah Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Rachel Bartash
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Inessa Gendlina
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Johanna Rivera
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Antonio Nakouzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Monika Paroder
- Department of Pathology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Karen Fehn
- Department of Oncology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Leana Serrano-Rahman
- Department of Pathology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Rachelle Babb
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Uzma N. Sarwar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, NY
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Natalia G. Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jose A. Quiroz
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Gregory J. Krause
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Institute of Aging Studies. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Joseph M. Sweeney
- Department Physiology and Biophysics. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kelsie Cowman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Audrey Lee
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Max Lee
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | | | - Yang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Rafael Ruiz
- Network Performance Group. Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Raja Thota
- Network Performance Group. Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, NY
| | - Doctor Y. Goldstein
- Department of Pathology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Joan Uehlinger
- Department of Pathology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department Physiology and Biophysics. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Morayma Reyes Gil
- Department of Pathology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Amy S. Fox
- Department of Pathology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine. Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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11
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Bortz RH, Florez C, Laudermilch E, Wirchnianski AS, Lasso G, Malonis RJ, Georgiev GI, Vergnolle O, Herrera NG, Morano NC, Campbell ST, Orner EP, Mengotto A, Dieterle ME, Fels JM, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Celikgil A, Kimmel D, Lee JH, Mariano M, Antonio N, Jose Q, Rivera J, Szymczak WA, Tong K, Barnhill J, Forsell MNE, Ahlm C, Stein DT, Pirofski LA, Goldstein DY, Garforth SJ, Almo SC, Daily JP, Prystowsky MB, Faix JD, Fox AS, Weiss LM, Lai JR, Chandran K. Development, clinical translation, and utility of a COVID-19 antibody test with qualitative and quantitative readouts. medRxiv 2020:2020.09.10.20192187. [PMID: 32935116 PMCID: PMC7491531 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.10.20192187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to place an immense burden on societies and healthcare systems. A key component of COVID-19 control efforts is serologic testing to determine the community prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and quantify individual immune responses to prior infection or vaccination. Here, we describe a laboratory-developed antibody test that uses readily available research-grade reagents to detect SARS-CoV-2 exposure in patient blood samples with high sensitivity and specificity. We further show that this test affords the estimation of viral spike-specific IgG titers from a single sample measurement, thereby providing a simple and scalable method to measure the strength of an individual's immune response. The accuracy, adaptability, and cost-effectiveness of this test makes it an excellent option for clinical deployment in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Natalia G. Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sean T. Campbell
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Erika P. Orner
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alev Celikgil
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Duncan Kimmel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - James H. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Margarette Mariano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nakouzi Antonio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Quiroz Jose
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Johanna Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wendy A. Szymczak
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | | | - Clas Ahlm
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel T. Stein
- Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - James D. Faix
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amy S. Fox
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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12
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Dieterle ME, Haslwanter D, Bortz RH, Wirchnianski AS, Lasso G, Vergnolle O, Abbasi SA, Fels JM, Laudermilch E, Florez C, Mengotto A, Kimmel D, Malonis RJ, Georgiev G, Quiroz J, Barnhill J, Pirofski LA, Daily JP, Dye JM, Lai JR, Herbert AS, Chandran K, Jangra RK. A Replication-Competent Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Studies of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Mediated Cell Entry and Its Inhibition. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:486-496.e6. [PMID: 32738193 PMCID: PMC7332447 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat COVID-19. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 countermeasure development is contingent on the availability of robust, scalable, and readily deployable surrogate viral assays to screen antiviral humoral responses, define correlates of immune protection, and down-select candidate antivirals. Here, we generate a highly infectious recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) bearing the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S as its sole entry glycoprotein and show that this recombinant virus, rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S, closely resembles SARS-CoV-2 in its entry-related properties. The neutralizing activities of a large panel of COVID-19 convalescent sera can be assessed in a high-throughput fluorescent reporter assay with rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S, and neutralization of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S and authentic SARS-CoV-2 by spike-specific antibodies in these antisera is highly correlated. Our findings underscore the utility of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S for the development of spike-specific therapeutics and for mechanistic studies of viral entry and its inhibition. Highly infectious recombinant VSV expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) was generated rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S resembles SARS-CoV-2 in entry and inhibitor or antibody sensitivity rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S affords rapid screens and forward-genetic analyses of antivirals
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert H Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shawn A Abbasi
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Duncan Kimmel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ryan J Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - George Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jose Quiroz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Johanna P Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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13
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Herrera NG, Morano NC, Celikgil A, Georgiev GI, Malonis RJ, Lee JH, Tong K, Vergnolle O, Massimi AB, Yen LY, Noble AJ, Kopylov M, Bonanno JB, Garrett-Thomson SC, Hayes DB, Bortz RH, Wirchnianski AS, Florez C, Laudermilch E, Haslwanter D, Fels JM, Dieterle ME, Jangra RK, Barnhill J, Mengotto A, Kimmel D, Daily JP, Pirofski LA, Chandran K, Brenowitz M, Garforth SJ, Eng ET, Lai JR, Almo SC. Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 S Protein: Biophysical, Biochemical, Structural, and Antigenic Analysis. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.14.150607. [PMID: 32587972 PMCID: PMC7310628 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.14.150607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) is a global health crisis caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS-CoV-2 ), and there is a critical need to produce large quantities of high-quality SARS-CoV-2 Spike ( S ) protein for use in both clinical and basic science settings. To address this need, we have evaluated the expression and purification of two previously reported S protein constructs in Expi293F ™ and ExpiCHO-S ™ cells, two different cell lines selected for increased expression of secreted glycoproteins. We show that ExpiCHO-S ™ cells produce enhanced yields of both SARS-CoV-2 S proteins. Biochemical, biophysical, and structural ( cryo-EM ) characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 S proteins produced in both cell lines demonstrate that the reported purification strategy yields high quality S protein (non-aggregated, uniform material with appropriate biochemical and biophysical properties). Importantly, we show that multiple preparations of these two recombinant S proteins from either cell line exhibit identical behavior in two different serology assays. We also evaluate the specificity of S protein-mediated host cell binding by examining interactions with proposed binding partners in the human secretome. In addition, the antigenicity of these proteins is demonstrated by standard ELISAs, and in a flexible protein microarray format. Collectively, we establish an array of metrics for ensuring the production of high-quality S protein to support clinical, biological, biochemical, structural and mechanistic studies to combat the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alev Celikgil
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - James H. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Aldo B. Massimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Laura Y. Yen
- National Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Alex J. Noble
- National Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mykhailo Kopylov
- National Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Bonanno
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sarah C. Garrett-Thomson
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - David B. Hayes
- Intl Solidarity of Scientists LLC, 9 Chuck Wagon Ln, Danbury, CT 06810, USA
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Duncan Kimmel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael Brenowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Edward T. Eng
- National Resource for Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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14
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Wec AZ, Wrapp D, Herbert AS, Maurer DP, Haslwanter D, Sakharkar M, Jangra RK, Dieterle ME, Lilov A, Huang D, Tse LV, Johnson NV, Hsieh CL, Wang N, Nett JH, Champney E, Burnina I, Brown M, Lin S, Sinclair M, Johnson C, Pudi S, Bortz R, Wirchnianski AS, Laudermilch E, Florez C, Fels JM, O'Brien CM, Graham BS, Nemazee D, Burton DR, Baric RS, Voss JE, Chandran K, Dye JM, McLellan JS, Walker LM. Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies. Science 2020; 369:731-736. [PMID: 32540900 PMCID: PMC7299279 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As scientists develop therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of emergent coronaviruses makes it important to also identify broadly protective antibodies. Wec et al. isolated and characterized hundreds of antibodies against the viral spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 from the memory B cells of a survivor of the 2003 outbreak caused by the related coronavirus, SARS-CoV. In both of these viruses, the spike protein facilitated viral entry by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on human cells. The antibodies targeted multiple sites on the spike protein, but of nine antibodies that showed strong cross-neutralization, eight targeted the domain that binds to ACE2. These eight antibodies also neutralized a bat SARS-related virus. Illuminating the epitopes on the viral spike protein that bind cross-neutralizing antibodies could guide the design of broadly protective vaccines. Science, this issue p. 731 Broadly protective vaccines against known and preemergent human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are urgently needed. To gain a deeper understanding of cross-neutralizing antibody responses, we mined the memory B cell repertoire of a convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) donor and identified 200 SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binding antibodies that target multiple conserved sites on the spike (S) protein. A large proportion of the non-neutralizing antibodies display high levels of somatic hypermutation and cross-react with circulating HCoVs, suggesting recall of preexisting memory B cells elicited by prior HCoV infections. Several antibodies potently cross-neutralize SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and the bat SARS-like virus WIV1 by blocking receptor attachment and inducing S1 shedding. These antibodies represent promising candidates for therapeutic intervention and reveal a target for the rational design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | | | - Rohit K Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | - M Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | | | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nicole V Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shu Lin
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | - J Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | - Cecilia M O'Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James E Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, USA
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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15
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Dieterle ME, Haslwanter D, Bortz RH, Wirchnianski AS, Lasso G, Vergnolle O, Abbasi SA, Fels JM, Laudermilch E, Florez C, Mengotto A, Kimmel D, Malonis RJ, Georgiev G, Quiroz J, Barnhill J, Pirofski LA, Daily JP, Dye JM, Lai JR, Herbert AS, Chandran K, Jangra RK. A replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus for studies of SARS-CoV-2 spike-mediated cell entry and its inhibition. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.20.105247. [PMID: 32511365 PMCID: PMC7263493 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.20.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat COVID-19. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 countermeasure development is contingent on the availability of robust, scalable, and readily deployable surrogate viral assays to screen antiviral humoral responses, and define correlates of immune protection, and to down-select candidate antivirals. Here, we describe a highly infectious recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus bearing the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S as its sole entry glycoprotein that closely resembles the authentic agent in its entry-related properties. We show that the neutralizing activities of a large panel of COVID-19 convalescent sera can be assessed in high-throughput fluorescent reporter assay with rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S and that neutralization of the rVSV and authentic SARS-CoV-2 by spike-specific antibodies in these antisera is highly correlated. Our findings underscore the utility of rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 S for the development of spike-specific vaccines and therapeutics and for mechanistic studies of viral entry and its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Shawn A. Abbasi
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Amanda Mengotto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Duncan Kimmel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - George Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jose Quiroz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, NY 10996, USA
| | - Liise-anne Pirofski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, 917 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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16
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Wec AZ, Wrapp D, Herbert AS, Maurer D, Haslwanter D, Sakharkar M, Jangra RK, Dieterle ME, Lilov A, Huang D, Tse LV, Johnson NV, Hsieh CL, Wang N, Nett JH, Champney E, Burnina I, Brown M, Lin S, Sinclair M, Johnson C, Pudi S, Bortz R, Wirchnianski AS, Laudermilch E, Florez C, Fels JM, O’Brien CM, Graham BS, Nemazee D, Burton DR, Baric RS, Voss JE, Chandran K, Dye JM, McLellan JS, Walker LM. Broad sarbecovirus neutralizing antibodies define a key site of vulnerability on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. bioRxiv 2020:2020.05.15.096511. [PMID: 32511337 PMCID: PMC7241100 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.15.096511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Broadly protective vaccines against known and pre-emergent coronaviruses are urgently needed. Critical to their development is a deeper understanding of cross-neutralizing antibody responses induced by natural human coronavirus (HCoV) infections. Here, we mined the memory B cell repertoire of a convalescent SARS donor and identified 200 SARS-CoV-2 binding antibodies that target multiple conserved sites on the spike (S) protein. A large proportion of the antibodies display high levels of somatic hypermutation and cross-react with circulating HCoVs, suggesting recall of pre-existing memory B cells (MBCs) elicited by prior HCoV infections. Several antibodies potently cross-neutralize SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and the bat SARS-like virus WIV1 by blocking receptor attachment and inducing S1 shedding. These antibodies represent promising candidates for therapeutic intervention and reveal a new target for the rational design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew S. Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Longping V. Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nicole V. Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ching-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Shu Lin
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia M. O’Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James E. Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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