1
|
Pires ACMDS, Carvalho AR, Vaso CO, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Singulani JDL, Fusco-Almeida AM. Influence of Zinc on Histoplasma capsulatum Planktonic and Biofilm Cells. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:361. [PMID: 38786716 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum causes a fungal respiratory disease. Some studies suggest that the fungus requires zinc to consolidate the infection. This study aimed to investigate the influence of zinc and the metal chelator TPEN on the growth of Histoplasma in planktonic and biofilm forms. The results showed that zinc increased the metabolic activity, cell density, and cell viability of planktonic growth. Similarly, there was an increase in biofilm metabolic activity but no increase in biomass or extracellular matrix production. N'-N,N,N,N-tetrakis-2-pyridylmethylethane-1,2 diamine (TPEN) dramatically reduced the same parameters in the planktonic form and resulted in a decrease in metabolic activity, biomass, and extracellular matrix production for the biofilm form. Therefore, the unprecedented observations in this study highlight the importance of zinc ions for the growth, development, and proliferation of H. capsulatum cells and provide new insights into the role of metal ions for biofilm formation in the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma, which could be a potential therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélica Romão Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira LT, Marcos CM, Cabral AKLF, Medina-Alarcón KP, Pires RH, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidioides spp.: the structural characterization of extracellular matrix, expression of glucan synthesis and associated genes and adhesins during biofilm formation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1354140. [PMID: 38516014 PMCID: PMC10955377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Paracoccidioides includes Paracoccidioides lutzii and the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis complex, which comprises four phylogenetic species. A key feature distinguishing planktonic growth from biofilm is the presence of a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed biofilm formation in different species of Paracoccidioides yeast phase, characterized the structural elements of the matrix of P. brasiliensis (Pb18), P. lutzii (Pl01 and 8334) and P. restrepiensis (339 and 192) and evaluated the expression of glucan genes, according to the stage of biofilm evolution for P. brasiliensis. The strains were cultivated in planktonic and biofilm form for 24-144 h. The fungi biomass and metabolic activity were determined by crystal violet and tetrazolium salt reduction (XTT) tests and colony-forming unit (CFU) by plating. The biofilm structure was designed using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii biofilms was extracted by sonication, and polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) were quantified. The RNA was extracted with the Trizol® reagent and quantified; then, the cDNA was synthesized to analyze the enolase expression, 14-3-3, FKS1, AGS1, GEL3, and KRE6 genes by real-time PCR. All strains of Paracoccidioides studied form a biofilm with more significant metabolic activity and biomass values in 144 h. The extracellular matrix of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii had a higher content of polysaccharides in their composition, followed by proteins and eDNA in smaller quantities. The P. brasiliensis biofilm kinetics of formation showed greater expression of genes related to glucan's synthesis and its delivery to the external environment in addition adhesins during the biofilm's adhesion, initiation, and maturation. The GEL3 and enolase genes increased in expression within 24 h and during the biofilm maturation period, there was an increase in 14-3-3, AGS1, and FKS1. Furthermore, at 144 h, there was a decrease in KRE6 expression and an increase in GEL3. This study highlights the potential for biofilm formation for three species of Paracoccidioides and the main components of the extracellular matrix that can contribute to a better understanding of biofilm organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Lima Freire Cabral
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas-UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Kaila Petronila Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- Laboratory of Mycology and Environmental Diagnosis, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, de Oliveira LT, Fregonezi N, dos Santos KS, Costa-Orlandi CB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Polypeptides Targeting Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Drk1. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:980. [PMID: 37888236 PMCID: PMC10607314 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the toxicity of conventional therapeutic approaches and the importance of precise mechanistic targets, it is important to explore signaling pathways implicated in fungal pathobiology. Moreover, treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis, a systemic mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus, requires prolonged therapeutic regimens. Among the numerous factors underpinning the establishment of Paracoccidioides spp. infection, the capacity to transition from the mycelial to the yeast form is of pivotal importance. The Drk1 protein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis likely plays a decisive role in this morphological shift and subsequent virulence. We identified peptides with affinity for the PbDrk1 protein using the phage-display method and assessed the effects of these peptides on P. brasiliensis. The peptides were found to inhibit the phase transition of P. brasiliensis. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of these peptides prevented adhesion to pneumocytes. Although these peptides may not possess inherent antifungal properties, they can augment the effects of certain antifungal agents. Notably, the cell wall architecture of P. brasiliensis appears to be modulated by peptide intervention, resulting in a reduced abundance of glycosylated proteins and lipids. These peptides were also evaluated for their efficacy in a Galleria mellonella model and shown to contribute to enhanced larval survival rates. The role of PbDrk1, which is notably absent in mammals, should be further investigated to improve the understanding of its functional role in P. brasiliensis, which may be helpful for designing novel therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Laboratório Central de Multiusuários, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Lariane Teodoro de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Nathália Fregonezi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Kelvin Sousa dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (L.T.d.O.); (N.F.); (K.S.d.S.); (C.B.C.-O.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fusco-Almeida AM, de Matos Silva S, dos Santos KS, de Lima Gualque MW, Vaso CO, Carvalho AR, Medina-Alarcón KP, Pires ACMDS, Belizario JA, de Souza Fernandes L, Moroz A, Martinez LR, Ruiz OH, González Á, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Alternative Non-Mammalian Animal and Cellular Methods for the Study of Host-Fungal Interactions. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:943. [PMID: 37755051 PMCID: PMC10533014 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study of fungal pathogenesis, alternative methods have gained prominence due to recent global legislation restricting the use of mammalian animals in research. The principle of the 3 Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) is integrated into regulations and guidelines governing animal experimentation in nearly all countries. This principle advocates substituting vertebrate animals with other invertebrate organisms, embryos, microorganisms, or cell cultures. This review addresses host-fungus interactions by employing three-dimensional (3D) cultures, which offer more faithful replication of the in vivo environment, and by utilizing alternative animal models to replace traditional mammals. Among these alternative models, species like Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio share approximately 75% of their genes with humans. Furthermore, models such as Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor demonstrate similarities in their innate immune systems as well as anatomical and physiological barriers, resembling those found in mammalian organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Samanta de Matos Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (O.H.R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Kelvin Sousa dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Marcos William de Lima Gualque
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Angélica Romão Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Kaila Petrolina Medina-Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Carolina Moreira da Silva Pires
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Jenyffie Araújo Belizario
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Lígia de Souza Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrei Moroz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| | - Luis R. Martinez
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Immunology and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Orville Hernandez Ruiz
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (O.H.R.); (Á.G.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Group University of Antioquia, Corporation for Biological Research, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Ángel González
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia; (O.H.R.); (Á.G.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (A.M.F.-A.); (S.d.M.S.); (K.S.d.S.); (M.W.d.L.G.); (C.O.V.); (A.R.C.); (K.P.M.-A.); (A.C.M.d.S.P.); (J.A.B.); (L.d.S.F.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
de Almeida Campos L, Fin MT, Santos KS, de Lima Gualque MW, Freire Cabral AKL, Khalil NM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mainardes RM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Voriconazole Delivery Applied to Invasive Fungal Infections. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010266. [PMID: 36678893 PMCID: PMC9863752 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections increase mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. The treatment of these infections is still limited due to the low bioavailability and toxicity, requiring therapeutic monitoring, especially in the most severe cases. Voriconazole is an azole widely used to treat invasive aspergillosis, other hyaline molds, many dematiaceous molds, Candida spp., including those resistant to fluconazole, and for infections caused by endemic mycoses, in addition to those that occur in the central nervous system. However, despite its broad activity, using voriconazole has limitations related to its non-linear pharmacokinetics, leading to supratherapeutic doses and increased toxicity according to individual polymorphisms during its metabolism. In this sense, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have successfully improved the physicochemical and biological aspects of different classes of drugs, including antifungals. In this review, we highlighted recent work that has applied nanotechnology to deliver voriconazole. These systems allowed increased permeation and deposition of voriconazole in target tissues from a controlled and sustained release in different routes of administration such as ocular, pulmonary, oral, topical, and parenteral. Thus, nanotechnology application aiming to delivery voriconazole becomes a more effective and safer therapeutic alternative in the treatment of fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laís de Almeida Campos
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Margani Taise Fin
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Kelvin Sousa Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos William de Lima Gualque
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Karla Lima Freire Cabral
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Najeh Maissar Khalil
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubiana Mara Mainardes
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Midwest State University (UNICENTRO), Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia St, 838, Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (M.J.S.M.-G.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.M.M.); (M.J.S.M.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pires RH, Martinez LR, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Stoianoff MR. Editorial: Pathogenesis of Fungal Biofilms in Different Environmental Conditions and Clinical Outcomes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:778458. [PMID: 34746037 PMCID: PMC8566804 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.778458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Helena Pires
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Franca, Franca, Brazil,*Correspondence: Regina Helena Pires,
| | - Luis R. Martinez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Castelli RF, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Drk1, a Dimorphism Histidine Kinase, Contributes to Morphology, Virulence, and Stress Adaptation in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100852. [PMID: 34682273 PMCID: PMC8539220 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P. brasiliensis is a thermally dimorphic fungus belonging to Paracoccidioides complex, causative of a systemic, endemic mycosis limited to Latin American countries. Signal transduction pathways related to important aspects as surviving, proliferation according to the biological niches are linked to the fungal pathogenicity in many species, but its elucidation in P. brasiliensis remains poorly explored. As Drk1, a hybrid histidine kinase, plays regulators functions in other dimorphic fungi species, mainly in dimorphism and virulence, here we investigated its importance in P. brasilensis. We, therefore generated the respective recombinant protein, anti-PbDrk1 polyclonal antibody and a silenced strain. The Drk1 protein shows a random distribution including cell wall location that change its pattern during osmotic stress condition; moreover the P. brasiliensis treatment with anti-PbDrk1 antibody, which does not modify the fungus's viability, resulted in decreased virulence in G. mellonella model and reduced interaction with pneumocytes. Down-regulating PbDRK1 yielded phenotypic alterations such as yeast cells with more elongated morphology, virulence attenuation in G. mellonella infection model, lower amount of chitin content, increased resistance to osmotic and cell wall stresses, and also caspofungin, and finally increased sensitivity to itraconazole. These observations highlight the importance of PbDrk1 to P. brasiliensis virulence, stress adaptation, morphology, and cell wall organization, and therefore it an interesting target that could help develop new antifungals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Laboratório Central de Multiusuários, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus Botucatu, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fernando Castelli
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Curitiba 81350-010, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (C.M.M.); (H.C.d.O.); (P.A.A.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bila NM, Costa-Orlandi CB, Vaso CO, Bonatti JLC, de Assis LR, Regasini LO, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. 2-Hydroxychalcone as a Potent Compound and Photosensitizer Against Dermatophyte Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679470. [PMID: 34055673 PMCID: PMC8155603 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes, fungi that cause dermatophytosis, can invade keratinized tissues in humans and animals. The biofilm-forming ability of these fungi was described recently, and it may be correlated with the long treatment period and common recurrences of this mycosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-dermatophytic and anti-biofilm activity of 2-hydroxychalcone (2-chalcone) in the dark and photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated and to determine its mechanism of action. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains were used in the study. The antifungal susceptibility test of planktonic cells, early-stage biofilms, and mature biofilms were performed using colorimetric methods. Topographies were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human skin keratinocyte (HaCat) monolayers were also used in the cytotoxicity assays. The mechanisms of action of 2-chalcone in the dark and under photoexcitation were investigated using confocal microscopy and the quantification of ergosterol, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and death induction by apoptosis/necrosis. All strains, in the planktonic form, were inhibited after treatment with 2-chalcone (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 7.8-15.6 mg/L), terbinafine (TRB) (MIC = 0.008–0.03 mg/L), and fluconazole (FLZ) (1–512 mg/L). Early-stage biofilm and mature biofilms were inhibited by 2-chalcone at concentrations of 15.6 mg/L and 31.2 mg/L in all tested strains. However, mature biofilms were resistant to all the antifungal drugs tested. When planktonic cells and biofilms (early-stage and mature) were treated with 2-chalcone-mediated PDT, the inhibitory concentrations were reduced by four times (2–7.8 mg/L). SEM images of biofilms treated with 2-chalcone showed cell wall collapse, resulting from a probable extravasation of cytoplasmic content. The toxicity of 2-chalcone in HaCat cells showed higher IC50 values in the dark than under photoexcitation. Further, 2-chalcone targets ergosterol in the cell and promotes the generation of ROS, resulting in cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Overall, 2-chalcone-mediated PDT is a promising and safe drug candidate against dermatophytes, particularly in anti-biofilm treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Níura Madalena Bila
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Para-Clinic, School of Veterinary, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Carvalho Bonatti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ribeiro de Assis
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Luís Octavio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Braz JD, Sardi JDCO, Pitangui NDS, Voltan AR, Almeida AMF, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Gene expression of Paracoccidioides virulence factors after interaction with macrophages and fibroblasts. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e200592. [PMID: 33787770 PMCID: PMC8011670 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis with high prevalence in Latin America that is caused by thermodimorphic fungal species of the Paracoccidioides genus. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to investigate the expression of genes related to the virulence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and P. lutzii (Pb01) strains in their mycelial (M) and yeast (Y) forms after contact with alveolar macrophages (AMJ2-C11 cell line) and fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line). METHODS The selected genes were those coding for 43 kDa glycoprotein (gp43), enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), 14-3-3 protein (30 kDa), phospholipase, and aspartyl protease. FINDINGS In the Pb18 M form, the aspartyl protease gene showed the highest expression among all genes tested, both before and after infection of host cells. In the Pb18 Y form after macrophage infection, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression among all genes tested, followed by the phospholipase and gp43 genes, and their expression was 50-fold, 10-fold, and 6-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. After fibroblast infection with the Pb18 Y form, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression, followed by the phospholipase and aspartyl protease genes, and their expression was 25-fold, 10-fold, and 10-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. Enolase and aspartyl protease genes were expressed upon infection of both cell lines. After macrophage infection with the Pb01 Y form, the 14-3-3 gene showed the highest expression, followed by the phospholipase and aspartyl protease genes, and their expression was 18-fold, 12.5-fold, and 6-fold higher, respectively, than that in the M form. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the data show that the expression of the genes analysed may be upregulated upon fungus-host interaction. Therefore, these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of paracoccidioidomycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Derissi Braz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Janaina de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Nayla de Souza Pitangui
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Raquel Voltan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fregonezi NF, Oliveira LT, Singulani JDL, Marcos CM, Dos Santos CT, Taylor ML, Mendes-Giannini MJS, de Oliveira HC, Fusco-Almeida AM. Heat Shock Protein 60, Insights to Its Importance in Histoplasma capsulatum: From Biofilm Formation to Host-Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:591950. [PMID: 33553002 PMCID: PMC7862341 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.591950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are among the most widely distributed and evolutionary conserved proteins, acting as essential regulators of diverse constitutive metabolic processes. The Hsp60 of the dimorphic fungal Histoplasma capsulatum is the major surface adhesin to mammalian macrophages and studies of antibody-mediated protection against H. capsulatum have provided insight into the complexity involving Hsp60. However, nothing is known about the role of Hsp60 regarding biofilms, a mechanism of virulence exhibited by H. capsulatum. Considering this, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of the Hsp60 on biofilm features of H. capsulatum. Also, the non-conventional model Galleria mellonella was used to verify the effect of this protein during in vivo interaction. The use of invertebrate models such as G. mellonella is highly proposed for the evaluation of pathogenesis, immune response, virulence mechanisms, and antimicrobial compounds. For that purpose, we used a monoclonal antibody (7B6) against Hsp60 and characterized the biofilm of two H. capsulatum strains by metabolic activity, biomass content, and images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We also evaluated the survival rate of G. mellonella infected with both strains under blockage of Hsp60. The results showed that mAb 7B6 was effective to reduce the metabolic activity and biomass of both H. capsulatum strains. Furthermore, the biofilms of cells treated with the antibody were thinner as well as presented a lower amount of cells and extracellular polymeric matrix compared to its non-treated controls. The blockage of Hsp60 before fungal infection of G. mellonella larvae also resulted in a significant increase of the larvae survival compared to controls. Our results highlight for the first time the importance of the Hsp60 protein to the establishment of the H. capsulatum biofilms and the G. mellonella larvae infection. Interestingly, the results with Hsp60 mAb 7B6 in this invertebrate model suggest a pattern of fungus-host interaction different from those previously found in a murine model, which can be due to the different features between insect and mammalian immune cells such as the absence of Fc receptors in hemocytes. However further studies are needed to support this hypothesis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tavares Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- Unidad de Micología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Scorzoni L, Alves de Paula e Silva AC, de Oliveira HC, Tavares dos Santos C, de Lacorte Singulani J, Akemi Assato P, Maria Marcos C, Teodoro Oliveira L, Ferreira Fregonezi N, Rossi DCP, Buffoni Roque da Silva L, Pelleschi Taborda C, Fusco-Almeida AM, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Peptides Derived from 14-3-3 Paracoccidioides spp. Protein. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010052. [PMID: 33451062 PMCID: PMC7828505 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic disease that causes sequelae and requires prolonged treatment; therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary. In view of this, three peptides from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein were selected based on its immunogenicity and therapeutic potential. Methods: The in vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of the 14-3-3 peptides were evaluated. The influence of the peptides in immunological and survival aspects was evaluated in vivo, using Galleria mellonella and the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Results: None of the peptides were toxic to HaCaT (skin keratinocyte), MRC-5 (lung fibroblast), and A549 (pneumocyte) cell lines, and only P1 exhibited antifungal activity against Paracoccidioides spp. The peptides could induce an immune response in G. mellonella. Moreover, the peptides caused a delay in the death of Paracoccidioides spp. infected larvae. Regarding C. elegans, the three peptides were able to increase the expression of the antimicrobial peptides. These peptides had essential effects on different aspects of Paracoccidioides spp. infection showing potential for a therapeutic vaccine. Future studies using mammalian methods are necessary to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula e Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Claudia Tavares dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Lariane Teodoro Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Nathália Ferreira Fregonezi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Diego Conrado Pereira Rossi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Leandro Buffoni Roque da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Carlos Pelleschi Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.P.R.); (L.B.R.d.S.); (C.P.T.)
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil; (L.S.); (A.C.A.d.P.eS.); (H.C.d.O.); (C.T.d.S.); (J.d.L.S.); (P.A.A.); (C.M.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.F.F.); (A.M.F.-A.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garcia LM, Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Gonçalves LNC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. A Two-Way Road: Antagonistic Interaction Between Dual-Species Biofilms Formed by Candida albicans/Candida parapsilosis and Trichophyton rubrum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1980. [PMID: 33013741 PMCID: PMC7499241 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomycoses include superficial fungal infections of the skin and its appendages. Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis are some of the most prevalent species that cause dermatomycoses. Several studies show a variable predominance of Candida spp. in relation to dermatophytes, especially in onychomycosis and the possibility of isolating both from the same site. The ability of dermatophytes to form biofilms recently been explored and there is currently no evidence on the involvement of these filamentous fungi in multi-species biofilms. Thus, this study aims to investigate the probable dual-species interaction between T. rubrum and C. albicans and T. rubrum and C. parapsilosis biofilms, considering variable formation conditions, as well as the susceptibility of these dual-species biofilms against terbinafine and efinaconazole. Three conditions of formation of dual-species biofilms were tested: (a) the suspensions of T. rubrum and Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis placed together; (b) suspensions of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis added the pre-adhesion of T. rubrum biofilms; (c) after the maturation of T. rubrum sessile cells. In the first and second conditions, the quantification of metabolic activities, biomass, and polysaccharide materials of mixed biofilms tended to resemble Candida monospecies biofilms. In the third condition, the profiles were modified after the addition of Candida, suggesting that T. rubrum biofilms served as substrate for the development of Candida biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy showed Candida predominance, however, numerous blastoconidia were noted, most evident in the conditions under which Candida was added after the pre-adhesion and maturation of T. rubrum biofilms. Despite the predominance of Candida, the presence of T. rubrum appears to inhibit C. albicans filamentation and C. parapsilosis development, confirming an antagonistic interaction. Fungal burden assays performed when the biofilms were formed together confirmed Candida predominance, as well as susceptibility to antifungals. Further studies will be needed to identify the components of the Candida and T. rubrum biofilm supernatants responsible for inhibiting dermatophyte growth and C. albicans filamentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Morais Garcia
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Larissa Naiara Carvalho Gonçalves
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andrade G, Orlando HCS, Scorzoni L, Pedroso RS, Abrão F, Carvalho MTM, Veneziani RCS, Ambrósio SR, Bastos JK, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Martins CHG, Pires RH. Brazilian Copaifera Species: Antifungal Activity against Clinically Relevant Candida Species, Cellular Target, and In Vivo Toxicity. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030153. [PMID: 32872100 PMCID: PMC7560146 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants belonging to the genus Copaifera are widely used in Brazil due to their antimicrobial properties, among others. The re-emergence of classic fungal diseases as a consequence of antifungal resistance to available drugs has stimulated the search for plant-based compounds with antifungal activity, especially against Candida. The Candida-infected Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to evaluate the in vitro antifungal potential of Copaifera leaf extracts and trunk oleoresins against Candida species. The Copaifera leaf extracts exhibited good antifungal activity against all Candida species, with MIC values ranging from 5.86 to 93.75 µg/mL. Both the Copaifera paupera and Copaifera reticulata leaf extracts at 46.87 µg/mL inhibited Candida glabrata biofilm formation and showed no toxicity to C. elegans. The survival of C. glabrata-infected nematodes increased at all the tested extract concentrations. Exposure to Copaifera leaf extracts markedly increased C. glabrata cell vacuolization and cell membrane damage. Therefore, Copaifera leaf extracts are potential candidates for the development of new and safe antifungal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Andrade
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Haniel Chadwick Silva Orlando
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-902, Brazil; (L.S.); (M.J.S.M.-G.)
- Science and Technology Institute of São José dos Campos (ICT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Santos Pedroso
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
- Health Technical School (ESTES), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-732, Brazil
| | - Fariza Abrão
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Marco Túlio Menezes Carvalho
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Cassio Sola Veneziani
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil;
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBIM), Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.H.G.M.); (R.H.P.); Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8670 (C.H.G.M.); +55-(16)-3711-8945 (R.H.P.)
| | - Regina Helena Pires
- University of Franca, Franca 14404-600, Brazil; (G.A.); (H.C.S.O.); (R.S.P.); (F.A.); (M.T.M.C.); (R.C.S.V.); (S.R.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.H.G.M.); (R.H.P.); Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8670 (C.H.G.M.); +55-(16)-3711-8945 (R.H.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Singulani JDL, Silva JDFD, Gullo FP, Costa MC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Enguita FJ, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Fungal-host interactions: insights into microRNA in response to Paracoccidioides species. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200238. [PMID: 32756740 PMCID: PMC7398106 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paracoccidioides spp. causes paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), an important and frequent systemic mycosis that occurs in Latin America. The infectious process begins with contact between the fungus and lung cells, and the molecular pattern of this interaction is currently poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the gene expression in many biological processes, including in the infections. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse the expression of miRNAs in lung cells as response to infection by Paracoccidioides spp. METHODS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based screening was employed to verify differentially expressed miRNAs in human lung cells infected with three different species; Paracoccidioides lutzii, Paracoccidioides americana, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Furthermore, the in silico predictions of target genes and pathways for miRNAs were obtained. FINDINGS The results showed that miRNAs identified in the lung cells were different according to the species studied. However, based on the predicted targets, the potential signaling pathways regulated by miRNAs are common and related to adhesion, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, apoptosis, and immune response mediated by T cells and TGF-β. MAIN CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study showed the miRNAs pattern of epithelial cells in response to infection by Paracoccidioides species and the potential role of these molecules in the regulation of key pathogenesis mechanisms of PCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marina Célia Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gonçalves LNC, Costa-Orlandi CB, Bila NM, Vaso CO, Da Silva RAM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Taylor ML, Fusco-Almeida AM. Biofilm Formation by Histoplasma capsulatum in Different Culture Media and Oxygen Atmospheres. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1455. [PMID: 32754126 PMCID: PMC7365857 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that causes an important systemic mycosis called histoplasmosis. It is an infectious disease with high prevalence and morbidity that affects the general population. Recently, the ability of these fungi to form biofilms, a phenotype that can induce resistance and enhance virulence, has been described. Despite some efforts, data regarding the impact of nutrients and culture media that affect the H. capsulatum biofilm development in vitro are not yet available. This work aimed to study H. capsulatum biofilms, by checking the influence of different culture media and oxygen atmospheres in the development of these communities. The biofilm formation by two strains (EH-315 and G186A) was characterized under different culture media: [Brain and Heart Infusion (BHI), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) with 2% glucose, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and nutrient medium HAM-F12 (HAM-F12) supplemented with glucose (18.2 g/L), glutamic acid (1 g/L), HEPES (6 g/L) and L-cysteine (8.4 mg/L)] and oxygen atmospheres (aerobiosis and microaerophilia), using the XTT reduction assay to quantify metabolic activities, crystal violet staining for biomass, safranin staining for the quantification of polysaccharide material and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the observation of topographies. Results indicated that although all culture mediums have stimulated the maturation of the communities, HAM-F12 provided the best development of biomass and polysaccharide material when compared to others. Regarding the oxygen atmospheres, both stimulated an excellent development of the communities, however in low oxygen conditions an exuberant amount of extracellular matrix was observed when compared to biofilms formed in aerobiosis, mainly in the HAM-F12 media. SEM images showed yeasts embedded by an extracellular matrix in several points, corroborating the colorimetric assays. However, biofilms formed in BHI, RPMI, and DMEM significantly induced yeast to hyphae reversal, requiring further investigation. The results obtained so far contribute to in vitro study of biofilms formed by these fungi and show that nutrition promoted by different media modifies the development of these communities. These data represent advances in the field of biofilms and contribute to future studies that can prove the role of these communities in the fungi-host interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,School of Veterinary, Department of Para Clinic, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carolina Orlando Vaso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Lucia Taylor
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Costa-Orlandi CB, Serafim-Pinto A, da Silva PB, Bila NM, Bonatti JLDC, Scorzoni L, Singulani JDL, Dos Santos CT, Nazaré AC, Chorilli M, Regasini LO, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Incorporation of Nonyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate Into Nanostructured Lipid Systems: Effective Alternative for Maintaining Anti-Dermatophytic and Antibiofilm Activities and Reducing Toxicity at High Concentrations. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1154. [PMID: 32582096 PMCID: PMC7290161 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is the most common mycosis worldwide, affecting approximately 20 to 25% of the population, regardless of gender, race, color, and age. Most antifungal agents used for the treatment of dermatophytosis belong to the azole and allylamine classes. Dermatophytes are reported to be resistant to most commercial drugs, especially microbial biofilms, in addition to their considerable toxicity. It should be emphasized the importance of looking for new molecules with reduced toxicity, as well as new targets and mechanisms of action. This work aims to incorporate nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, a potent fungicide compound against planktonic cells and dermatophyte biofilms in nanostructured lipid systems (NLS), in order to reduce toxicity in high concentrations, improve its solubility and maintain its effectiveness. The compound was incorporated into NLS constituted by cholesterol, mixture of polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether (Brij®98) and soybean phosphatidylcholine (Epikuron® 200)], 2: 1 ratio and PBS (phosphate-buffered saline). The characterization of the incorporation was performed. Susceptibility tests were conducted according to document M38-A2 by CLSI (2008). The toxicity of the NLS compound was evaluated in HaCaT cell lines by the sulforhodamine B method and in alternative models Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish. Finally, its efficacy was evaluated against the mature Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes biofilms. NLS and nonyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate loaded into NLS displayed sizes ranging from 137.8 ± 1.815 to 167.9 ± 4.070 nm; the polydispersity index (PDI) varying from 0.331 ± 0.020 to 0.377 ± 0.004 and zeta potential ranging from −1.46 ± 0.157 to −4.63 ± 0.398 mV, respectively. Polarized light microscopy results confirmed the formation of NLS of the microemulsion type. Nonyl incorporated into NLS showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, ranging from 2 to 15.6 mg/L. The toxicity tests presented cell viability higher than 80% in all tested concentrations, as well as, a significantly increased of the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish models. Anti-biofilm tests proved the efficacy of the incorporation. These findings contribute significantly to the search for new antifungals and allow the systemic administration of the compound, since the incorporation can increase the solubility of non-polar compounds, improve bioavailability, effectiveness and reduce toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Aline Serafim-Pinto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Níura Madalena Bila
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil.,Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, School of Veterinary, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jean Lucas de Carvalho Bonatti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tavares Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Nazaré
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, de Andrade CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 protein is important for virulence in a murine model. Med Mycol 2020; 57:900-904. [PMID: 30476159 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain downregulated the expression of adhesin Pb14-3-3 (Pb14-3-3 aRNA) was evaluated in a murine model of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Pb14-3-3 aRNA displays attenuated virulence and triggered the formation of fewer granulomas by lowering the fungal burden in the lungs. Additionally, the Pb14-3-3 aRNA showed more elongated yeast cells and less ability to induce pneumocytes apoptosis in vitro. Our results show that 14-3-3 is an important virulence factor in P. brasiliensis-induced pulmonary infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cleverton Roberto de Andrade
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clinica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lacerda MPF, Marcelino MY, Lourencetti NMS, Neto ÁB, Gattas EA, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Methodologies and Applications of Proteomics for Study of Yeast Strains: An Update. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:893-906. [PMID: 31322071 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190715145131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts are one of the mostly used microorganisms as models in several studies. A wide range of applications in different processes can be attributed to their intrinsic characteristics. They are eukaryotes and therefore valuable expression hosts that require elaborate post-translational modifications. Their arsenal of proteins has become a valuable biochemical tool for the catalysis of several reactions of great value to the food (beverages), pharmaceutical and energy industries. Currently, the main challenge in systemic yeast biology is the understanding of the expression, function and regulation of the protein pool encoded by such microorganisms. In this review, we will provide an overview of the proteomic methodologies used in the analysis of yeasts. This research focuses on the advantages and improvements in their most recent applications with an understanding of the functionality of the proteins of these microorganisms, as well as an update of the advances of methodologies employed in mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Priscila F Lacerda
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mônica Yonashiro Marcelino
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Natália M S Lourencetti
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Baptista Neto
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Edwil A Gattas
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Department of Clinical Analysis, Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
de Oliveira HC, Monteiro MC, Rossi SA, Pemán J, Ruiz-Gaitán A, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Mellado E, Zaragoza O. Identification of Off-Patent Compounds That Present Antifungal Activity Against the Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:83. [PMID: 31001487 PMCID: PMC6454888 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen of great concern among the scientific community because it is causing an increasing number of hospital outbreaks of difficult management worldwide. In addition, isolates from this species frequently present reduced susceptibility to azole and echinocandin drugs. For this reason, it is necessary to develop new antifungal strategies to better control the disease caused by this yeast. In this work, we screened drugs from the Prestwick chemical library, which contains 1,280 off-patent compounds that are already approved by the Food and Drug Administration, with the aim of identifying molecules with antifungal activity against C. auris. In an initial screening, we looked for drugs that inhibited the growth of three different C. auris strains and found 27 of them which it did so. Ten active compounds were selected to test the susceptibility profile by using the EUCAST protocol. Antifungal activity was confirmed for seven drugs with MICs ranging from 0.5 to 64 mg/L. Some of these drugs were also tested in combination with voriconazole and anidulafungin at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Our results suggest synergistic interactions between suloctidil and voriconazole with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.11 to 0.5 and between ebselen and anidulafungin (FICI, 0.12 to 0.44). Our findings indicate that drug repurposing could be a viable alternative to managing infections by C. auris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Candida Monteiro
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Suélen Andreia Rossi
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pemán
- Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Emilia Mellado
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Zaragoza
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Cássia Orlandi Sardi J, Silva DR, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ, Rosalen PL. Candida auris: Epidemiology, risk factors, virulence, resistance, and therapeutic options. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:116-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
21
|
Lourencetti NMS, Wolf IR, Lacerda MPF, Valente GT, Zanelli CF, Santoni MM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Enguita FJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Transcriptional profile of a bioethanol production contaminant Candida tropicalis. AMB Express 2018; 8:166. [PMID: 30311091 PMCID: PMC6182018 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fermentation process is widely used in the industry for bioethanol production. Even though it is widely used, microbial contamination is unpredictable and difficult to control. The problem of reduced productivity is directly linked to competition for nutrients during contamination. Yeasts representing the Candida species are frequently isolated contaminants. Elucidating the behavior of a contaminant during the fermentation cycle is essential for combatting the contamination. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to better understand the functional and transcriptional behavior of a contaminating yeast Candida tropicalis. We used a global RNA sequencing approach (RNA-seq/MiSeq) to analyze gene expression. Genes with significantly repressed or induced expression, and related to the fermentations process, such as sugar transport, pyruvate decarboxylase, amino acid metabolism, membrane, tolerance to high concentrations of ethanol and temperatures, nutrient suppression), and transcription-linked processes, were identified. The expression pattern suggested that the functional and transcriptional behavior of the contaminating yeast during fermentation for bioethanol production is similar to that of the standard yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the analysis confirmed that C. tropicalis is an important contaminant of the alcoholic fermentation process, generating bioethanol and viability through its tolerance to all the adversities of a fermentation process essential for the production of bioethanol. According on the gene expression profile, many of these mechanisms are similar to those of S. cerevisiae strains currently used for bioethanol production. These mechanisms can inform studies on antimicrobials, to combat yeast contamination during industrial bioethanol production.
Collapse
|
22
|
Scorzoni L, de Lucas MP, Singulani JDL, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Evaluation of Caenorhabditis elegans as a host model for Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4816731. [PMID: 29361158 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection affecting mainly Latin American countries that is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. During the study of fungal pathogenesis, in vivo studies are crucial to understand the overall mechanisms involving the infection as well as to search for new therapeutic treatments and diagnosis. Caenorhabditis elegans is described as an infection model for different fungi species and a well-characterized organism to study the innate immune response. This study evaluates C. elegans as an infection model for Paracoccidioides spp. It was observed that both species do not cause infection in C. elegans, as occurs with Candida albicans, and one possible explanation is that the irregular size and shape of Paracoccidioides spp. difficult the ingestion of these fungi by the nematode. Besides this difficulty in the infection, we could observe that the simple exposition of C. elegans to Paracoccidioides species was able to trigger a distinct pattern of expression of antimicrobial peptide genes. The expression of cnc-4, nlpl-27 and nlp-31 was superior after the exposure to P. brasiliensis in comparison to P. lutzii (P < 0.05), and these findings demonstrate important differences regarding innate immune response activation caused by the two species of the Paracoccidioides genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Pilar de Lucas
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva ACA, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Singulani JDL, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Can passage in Galleria mellonella activate virulence factors of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as in the murine model? Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 28637229 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal disease restricted to Latin countries, and its etiologic agents derive from the Paracoccidioides genus. Attenuation or loss of virulence in Paracoccidioides spp. following successive subculturing has been described. However, virulence can be recovered by passage in mammalian host. In this study, the recovery of adhesion of P. brasiliensis through passage in mice was compared to that in the insect Galleria mellonella. Analysis of in vitro fungal-host cell interaction, gene expression of adhesins, and analysis of the survival curves revealed that Galleria mellonella is useful for the reactivation of P. brasiliensis adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yonashiro Marcelino M, Azevedo Borges F, Martins Costa AF, de Lacorte Singulani J, Ribeiro NV, Barcelos Costa-Orlandi C, Garms BC, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ, Herculano RD, Fusco-Almeida AM. Antifungal activity of fluconazole-loaded natural rubber latex against Candida albicans. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:359-367. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work aimed to produce a membrane based on fluconazole-loaded natural rubber latex (NRL), and study their interaction, drug release and antifungal susceptibility against Candida albicans. Materials & methods: Fluconazole-loaded NRL membrane was obtained by casting method. Results: The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed no modifications either in NRL or fluconazole after the incorporation. Mechanical test presented low Young's modulus and high strain, indicating the membranes have sufficient elasticity for biomedical application. The bio-membrane was able to release the drug and inhibit the growth of C. albicans as demonstrated by disk diffusion and macrodilution assays. Conclusion: The biomembrane was able to release fluconazole and inhibit the growth of C. albicans, representing a promising biomaterial for skin application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Yonashiro Marcelino
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Azevedo Borges
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Biochemistry & Chemical Technology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Martins Costa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathan Vinícius Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Barcelos Costa-Orlandi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cambraia Garms
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Biochemistry & Chemical Technology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Bioprocesses & Biotechnology, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Clinical Analysis, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 - s/, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bernardi T, da Silva JDF, Vicentin J, de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, de Paula E Silva ACA, da Silva RAM, Regasini LO, Silva DHS, da Silva Bolzani V, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Anti-apoptotic effects of decyl gallate on the induction of apoptosis in A549 pneumocytes by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43. Med Mycol 2017; 55:890-894. [PMID: 28339963 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is considered an escape mechanism from the host immune system for the fungus Paracoccidioides spp, and it serves as a vehicle for entry into macrophages without stimulating microbicidal activities. Recently, gp43 of P. brasiliensis was demonstrated to be involved in this process. Therefore, as a new therapeutic alternative, it is very important to study compounds that could reduce the modulation of the induction of apoptosis caused by this fungus. Decyl gallate (G14) is a known antifungal compound, and we decided to investigate its anti-apoptotic properties. Our results demonstrate that G14 was effective against apoptosis induced by gp43, as observed in epithelial cells, and led to a reduction in DNA damage, Bak down-regulation and Bcl-2 up-regulation. Together, these data show that G14 presents promising anti-apoptotic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Bernardi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Juliana Vicentin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Campus São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Química, Campus Araraquara Departamento de Química Orgânica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Química, Campus Araraquara Departamento de Química Orgânica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Palanco AC, Lacorte Singulani JD, Costa-Orlandi CB, Gullo FP, Strohmayer Lourencetti NM, Gomes PC, Ayusso GM, Dutra LA, Silva Bolzani VD, Regasini LO, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ, Fusco-Almeida AM. Activity of 3'-hydroxychalcone against Cryptococcus gattii and toxicity, and efficacy in alternative animal models. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:1123-1134. [PMID: 28876122 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This work aimed to evaluate the activity of 3'-hydroxychalcone against Cryptococcus gattii in planktonic and biofilm forms and their toxicity using alternative animal models. MATERIALS & METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicide concentration were determined. Biofilm formation and the susceptibility tests were performed by the 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[carbonyl(phenylamino)]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay. Toxicity and efficacy were checked in Danio rerio and Galleria mellonella models. RESULTS The compound 3'-hydroxychalcone showed fungicidal activity against C. gattii in both planktonic and biofilm forms. The toxicity in zebrafish embryos revealed a low lethal concentration. In G. mellonella, the compound did not show antifungal activity and larvae toxicity. CONCLUSION Because of the activity of 3'-hydroxychalcone against C. gattii in vitro, molecular modifications should be made to improve efficacy and to reduce toxicity in vivo. [Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cerrejón Palanco
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Patrícia Gullo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo César Gomes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Miranda Ayusso
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters & Exact Sciences, UNESP - São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Institute of Biosciences, Letters & Exact Sciences, UNESP - São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
De Lacorte Singulani J, De Fátima Da Silva J, Gullo FP, Costa MC, Fusco-Almeida AM, Enguita FJ, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Preliminary evaluation of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers in paracoccidioidomycosis. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:353-357. [PMID: 28451399 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs (length, 19-24 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression by either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition of proteins. Circulating miRNAs, which are extremely stable and protected from RNAse-mediated degradation in body fluids, have appeared as candidate biomarkers for numerous diseases. However, little is known about circulating miRNAs in fungal infections. Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused by the Paracoccidioides species, and is endemic in Central and South America, with predominance in adult male workers from rural areas. The current study aimed to identify a serum miRNA expression profile that could serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for PCM. Total RNA was isolated and the levels of circulating miRNAs were compared between patients with PCM and healthy control subjects using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatic analysis was used to evaluate the potential roles of these miRNAs in PCM. Eight miRNAs were differentially expressed in serum samples from patients with PCM. These miRNAs are associated with apoptosis and immune response. The identified miRNAs facilitate with understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in the host-parasite interaction of PCM. Furthermore, considering that the diagnosis of PCM presents difficulties, these miRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya De Lacorte Singulani
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Julhiany De Fátima Da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patricia Gullo
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Marina Célia Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Enguita
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sardi JDCO, Gullo FP, Freires IA, Pitangui NDS, Segalla MP, Fusco-Almeida AM, Rosalen PL, Regasini LO, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Synthesis, antifungal activity of caffeic acid derivative esters, and their synergism with fluconazole and nystatin against Candida spp. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:387-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
29
|
Lima CS, Polaquini CR, Santos MBD, Gullo FP, Leite FS, Scorzoni L, Bolzani VDS, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM, Rezende AA, Regasini LO. Anti-Candida and anti-Cryptococcus evaluation of 15 non-alkaloidal compounds from Pterogyne nitens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
30
|
Sangalli-Leite F, Scorzoni L, Alves de Paula E Silva AC, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, de Lacorte Singulani J, Gullo FP, Moraes da Silva R, Regasini LO, Siqueira da Silva DH, da Silva Bolzani V, Fusco-Almeida AM, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. Synergistic effect of pedalitin and amphotericin B against Cryptococcus neoformans by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:504-511. [PMID: 27742203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection responsible for high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Combination of antifungal substances is a promising way to increase the percentage of successful treatment. Pedalitin (PED) is a natural substance obtained from Pterogyne nitens. The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of PED alone and in combination with amphotericin B (AmB) in vitro and in vivo against Cryptococcus spp. In the in vitro assay, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.125 mg/L for AmB and 3.9 mg/L for PED were found when the substances were tested alone, whilst in the combination treatment the active concentration of both decreased, with MICs of 0.03 mg/L for AmB and 1 mg/L for PED. In the survival assay, fungal burden study and histopathological assays it was possible to study the efficacy of the substances alone and in combination. The efficacy of combination therapy was considered better than monotherapy as evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model and a murine model. Thus, the combination of PED and AmB is an interesting alternative for anticryptococcal fungal treatment. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the invertebrate and murine models for this antifungal treatment combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Sangalli-Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Patrícia Gullo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pires RH, Cataldi TR, Franceschini LM, Labate MV, Fusco-Almeida AM, Labate CA, Palma MS, Soares Mendes-Giannini MJ. Metabolic profiles of planktonic and biofilm cells of Candida orthopsilosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1299-1313. [PMID: 27662506 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to understand which Candida orthopsilosis protein aids fungus adaptation upon its switching from planktonic growth to biofilm. MATERIALS & METHODS Ion mobility separation within mass spectrometry analysis combination were used. RESULTS Proteins mapped for different biosynthetic pathways showed that selective ribosome autophagy might occur in biofilms. Glucose, used as a carbon source in the glycolytic flux, changed to glycogen and trehalose. CONCLUSION Candida orthopsilosis expresses proteins that combine a variety of mechanisms to provide yeasts with the means to adjust the catalytic properties of enzymes. Adjustment of the enzymes helps modulate the biosynthesis/degradation rates of the available nutrients, in order to control and coordinate the metabolic pathways that enable cells to express an adequate response to nutrient availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Helena Pires
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís Regiani Cataldi
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia Maria Franceschini
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Veneziano Labate
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Labate
- Department of Genetics, ESALQ/USP - Univ de São Paulo, Laboratory Max Feffer Plant Genetics, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Caixa Postal 83, Piracicaba 13400-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Sérgio Palma
- Department of Biology, Lab. Structural Biology & Zoochemistry, CEIS, Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, Institute of Biosciences, Av. 24-A, 1515. Bela Vista, Rio Claro 13506-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, FCFAr, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km1, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Marcos CM, de Oliveira HC, da Silva JDF, Assato PA, Yamazaki DS, da Silva RAM, Santos CT, Santos-Filho NA, Portuondo DL, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Identification and characterisation of elongation factor Tu, a novel protein involved in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow079. [PMID: 27634774 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioides spp., which are temperature-dependent dimorphic fungi, are responsible for the most prevalent human systemic mycosis in Latin America, the paracoccidioidomycosis. The aim of this study was to characterise the involvement of elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis-host interaction. Adhesive properties were examined using recombinant PbEF-Tu proteins and the respective polyclonal anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody. Immunogold analysis demonstrated the surface location of EF-Tu in P. brasiliensis. Moreover, PbEF-Tu was found to bind to fibronectin and plasminogen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and it was determined that the binding to plasminogen is at least partly dependent on lysine residues and ionic interactions. To verify the participation of EF-Tu in the interaction of P. brasiliensis with pneumocytes, we blocked the respective protein with an anti-rPbEF-Tu antibody and evaluated the consequences on the interaction index by flow cytometry. During the interaction, we observed a decrease of 2- and 3-fold at 8 and 24 h, respectively, suggesting the contribution of EF-Tu in fungal adhesion/invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daniella Sayuri Yamazaki
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosângela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Tavares Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Química, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Bioquímica e Tecnologia Química, Unidade de Síntese, Estrutura e Caracterização de Peptídeos e Proteínas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Deivys Leandro Portuondo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacéuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Voltan AR, Quindós G, Alarcón KPM, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Chorilli M. Fungal diseases: could nanostructured drug delivery systems be a novel paradigm for therapy? Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3715-30. [PMID: 27540288 PMCID: PMC4982498 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s93105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive mycoses are a major problem for immunocompromised individuals and patients in intensive care units. Morbidity and mortality rates of these infections are high because of late diagnosis and delayed treatment. Moreover, the number of available antifungal agents is low, and there are problems with toxicity and resistance. Alternatives for treating invasive fungal infections are necessary. Nanostructured systems could be excellent carriers for antifungal drugs, reducing toxicity and targeting their action. The use of nanostructured systems for antifungal therapy began in the 1990s, with the appearance of lipid formulations of amphotericin B. This review encompasses different antifungal drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, carriers based on solid lipids and nanostructure lipids, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and others. All these delivery systems have advantages and disadvantages. Main advantages are the improvement in the antifungal properties, such as bioavailability, reduction in toxicity, and target tissue, which facilitates innovative therapeutic techniques. Conversely, a major disadvantage is the high cost of production. In the near future, the use of nanosystems for drug delivery strategies can be used for delivering peptides, including mucoadhesive systems for the treatment of oral and vaginal candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Raquel Voltan
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Immunology, Microbiology, and Parasitology Department, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kaila P Medina Alarcón
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
de Lacorte Singulani J, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva ACA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Evaluation of the efficacy of antifungal drugs against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii in a Galleria mellonella model. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:292-7. [PMID: 27444116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii belong to a group of thermodimorphic fungi and cause paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is a human systemic mycosis endemic in South and Central America. Patients with this mycosis are commonly treated with amphotericin B (AmB) and azoles. The study of fungal virulence and the efficacy and toxicity of antifungal drugs has been successfully performed in a Galleria mellonella infection model. In this work, G. mellonella larvae were infected with two Paracoccidioides spp. and the efficacy and toxicity of AmB and itraconazole were evaluated in this model for the first time. AmB and itraconazole treatments were effective in increasing larval survival and reducing the fungal burden. The fungicidal and fungistatic effects of AmB and itraconazole, respectively, were observed in the model. Furthermore, these effects were independent of changes in haemocyte number. G. mellonella can serve as a rapid model for the screening of new antifungal compounds against Paracoccidioides and can contribute to a reduction in experimental animal numbers in the study of PCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Liliana Scorzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula E Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo CEP: 14801-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Scorzoni L, Sangalli-Leite F, de Lacorte Singulani J, de Paula e Silva ACA, Costa-Orlandi CB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Searching new antifungals: The use of in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluation of natural compounds. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
36
|
Souza CMC, Pereira Junior SA, Moraes TDS, Damasceno JL, Amorim Mendes S, Dias HJ, Stefani R, Tavares DC, Martins CHG, Crotti AEM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Pires RH. Antifungal activity of plant-derived essential oils on Candida tropicalis planktonic and biofilms cells. Med Mycol 2016; 54:515-23. [PMID: 26868902 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental prosthesis supports Candida species growth and may predispose the oral cavity to lesions. C. tropicalis has emerged as a colonizer of prosthesis and has shown resistance to clinically used antifungal agents, which has increased the search for new antifungals. This work describes the effectiveness of fifteen essential oils (EOs) against C. tropicalis The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and were chemically characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antifungal activities of the EOs were evaluated by the microdilution method and showed that Pelargonium graveolens (Geraniaceae) (PG-EO) was the most effective oil. Geraniol and linalool were the major constituents of PG-EO. The 2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide (XTT) assay showed that all the clinical C. tropicalis strains formed viable biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the biofilms revealed a complex architecture with basal layer of yeast cells and an upper layer of filamentous cells. Treatments with PG-EO, linalool, and geraniol significantly reduced the number of viable biofilm cells and inhibited biofilm formation after exposure for 48 h. PG-EO, geraniol, and linalool were not toxic to normal human lung fibroblasts (GM07492A) at the concentrations they were active against C. tropicalis Together, our results indicated that C. tropicalis is susceptible to treatment with PG-EO, geraniol, and linalool, which could become options to prevent or treat this infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio Marcelo Cury Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís da Silva Moraes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Amorim Mendes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Herbert Júnior Dias
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Stefani
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil
| | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Aplicada, Universidade de Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Eduardo Miller Crotti
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Helena Pires
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marcos CM, Silva JDFD, Oliveira HCD, Assato PA, Singulani JDL, Lopez AM, Tamayo DP, Hernandez-Ruiz O, McEwen JG, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Decreased expression of 14-3-3 in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis confirms its involvement in fungal pathogenesis. Virulence 2015; 7:72-84. [PMID: 26646480 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1122166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. One molecule implicated in the P. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 protein. The 14-3-3 protein belongs to a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells and are involved in diverse cellular functions. Here, we investigated the relevance of the 14-3-3 protein to the virulence of P. brasiliensis. Using antisense RNA technology and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, we generated a 14-3-3-silenced strain (expression reduced by ˜55%). This strain allowed us to investigate the interaction between 14-3-3 and the host and to correlate the functions of P. brasiliensis 14-3-3 with cellular features, such as morphological characteristics and virulence, that are important for pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Julhiany de Fátima ds Silva
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Akemi Assato
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Lopez
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia
| | - Diana Patricia Tamayo
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia
| | - Orville Hernandez-Ruiz
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia.,c Escuela de Microbiología; Universidad de Antioquia ; Medellín , Colombia
| | - Juan G McEwen
- b Unidad de Biología Celular y Molecular; Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) - Medellín , Colombia.,d Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Antioquia ; Medellín , Colombia
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- a Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara; UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista ; Departamento de Análises Clínicas; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica ; Araraquara , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Scorzoni L, de Paula e Silva ACA, Singulani JDL, Leite FS, de Oliveira HC, Moraes da Silva RA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Comparison of virulence between Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii using Galleria mellonella as a host model. Virulence 2015; 6:766-76. [PMID: 26552324 PMCID: PMC4826127 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1085277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis, endemic in Latin America. The etiologic agents of this mycosis are composed of 2 species: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. Murine animal models are the gold standard for in vivo studies; however, ethical, economical and logistical considerations limit their use. Galleria mellonella is a suitable model for in vivo studies of fungal infections. In this study, we compared the virulence of P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii in G. mellonella model. The deaths of larvae infected with P. brasiliensis or P. lutzii were similar, and both species were able to reduce the number of hemocytes, which were estimated by microscopy and flow cytometer. Additionally, the phagocytosis percentage was similar for both species, but when we analyze hemocyte-Paracoccidioides spp. interaction using flow cytometer, P. lutzii showed higher interactions with hemocytes. The gene expression of gp43 as well as this protein was higher for P. lutzii, and this expression may contribute to a greater adherence to hemocytes. These results helped us evaluate the behavior of Paracoccidioides spp in G. mellonella, which is a convenient model for investigating the host-Paracoccidioides spp. interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Scorzoni
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Alves de Paula e Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Junya de Lacorte Singulani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sangalli Leite
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista; Campus Araraquara; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Núcleo de Proteômica; Laboratório de Micologia Clínica; Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Assato PA, da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Rossi D, Valentini SR, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Zanelli CF, Fusco-Almeida AM. Functional analysis of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 adhesin expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:256. [PMID: 26537993 PMCID: PMC4634143 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 14-3-3 proteins comprise a family of eukaryotic multifunctional proteins involved in several cellular processes. The Pb14-3-3 of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis seems to play an important role in the Paracoccidioides-host interaction. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is an etiological agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, which is a systemic mycosis that is endemic in Latin America. In the initial steps of the infection, Paracoccidioides spp. synthetizes adhesins that allow it to adhere and invade host cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to perform a functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model. RESULTS The functional analysis of Pb14-3-3 was performed in S. cerevisiae, and it was found that Pb14-3-3 partially complemented S. cerevisiae proteins Bmh1p and Bmh2p, which are recognized as two yeast 14-3-3 homologues. When we evaluated the adhesion profile of S. cerevisiae transformants, Pb14-3-3 acted as an adhesin in S. cerevisiae; however, Bmh1p did not show this function. The influence of Pb14-3-3 in S. cerevisiae ergosterol pathway was also evaluated and our results showed that Pb14-3-3 up-regulates genes involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that Pb14-3-3 was able to partially complement Bmh1p and Bmh2p proteins in S. cerevisiae; however, we suggest that Pb14-3-3 has a differential role as an adhesin. In addition, Pb-14-3-3 may be involved in Paracoccidioides spp. ergosterol biosynthesis which makes it an interest as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Akemi Assato
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Danuza Rossi
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sandro Roberto Valentini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cleslei Fernando Zanelli
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Laboratório de Micologia Clínica - Núcleo de Proteômica - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas- Unesp - Campus Araraquara, Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Advances and challenges in paracoccidioidomycosis serology caused by Paracoccidioides species complex: an update. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 84:87-94. [PMID: 26494541 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the possible methodologies for the rapid and inexpensive identification of fungal infections is essential for disease diagnosis, but there are some limitations. To help with this problem, serological methods that detect antigens or antibodies are widely used and are useful for the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) through the detection of gp43, which is the main antigen employed for the immunodiagnosis of this disease caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. However, the use of gp43 has become restricted because it was recently found that this marker is not identified in the infections caused by Paracoccidioides lutzii. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antigens in both species or antigens specific for P. lutzii to decrease the morbidity and/or mortality associated with PCM. This review provides a discussion of new diagnostic challenges after the recent discoveries regarding the taxonomy of the Paracoccidioides genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, FCFAr, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
da Silva JDF, Vicentim J, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, Assato PA, Andreotti PF, da Silva JLM, Soares CP, Benard G, Almeida AMF, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Influence of the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 14-3-3 and gp43 proteins on the induction of apoptosis in A549 epithelial cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:476-84. [PMID: 26038961 PMCID: PMC4501410 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal strain Paracoccidioides brasiliensis remains viable inside of epithelial cells and can induce apoptosis in this population. However, until now, the molecules that participate in this process remained unknown. Thus, this study evaluated the contribution of two P. brasiliensis molecules, the 14-3-3 and glycoprotein of 43 kDa proteins, which had been previously described as extracellular matrix adhesins and apoptosis inductors in human pneumocytes. Accordingly, epithelial cells were treated with these molecules for different periods of time and the expression of the apoptosis regulating-proteins Bak, Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and caspases were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling, flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Our results demonstrated that treatment with these molecules induces apoptosis signalling in pulmonary epithelial cells, showing the same pattern of programmed cell-death as that observed during infection with P. brasiliensis. Thus, we could conclude that P. brasiliensis uses these molecules as virulence factors that participate not only in the fungal adhesion process to host cells, but also in other important cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhiany de Fátima da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Vicentim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Haroldo Cesar de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Patricia Akemi Assato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Ferrari Andreotti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliana Leal Monteiro da Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Christiane Pienna Soares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratório de Alergia e Imunologia Clínica e Experimental
- Clínica de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina,
Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Costa-Orlandi CB, Sardi JCO, Santos CT, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. In vitro characterization of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms. Biofouling 2014; 30:719-727. [PMID: 24856309 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.919282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are fungi responsible for a disease known as dermatophytosis. Biofilms are sessile microbial communities surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host defenses. This paper describes, for the first time, the characteristics of Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes biofilms. Biofilm formation was analyzed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) as well as by staining with crystal violet and safranin. Metabolic activity was determined using the XTT reduction assay. Both species were able to form mature biofilms in 72 h. T. rubrum biofilm produced more biomass and EPS and was denser than T. mentagrophytes biofilm. The SEM results demonstrated a coordinated network of hyphae in all directions, embedded within EPS in some areas. Research and characterization of biofilms formed by dermatophytes may contribute to the search of new drugs for the treatment of these mycoses and might inform future revisions with respect to the dose and duration of treatment of currently available antifungals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Costa-Orlandi
- a Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara , SP 14801-902 , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gullo FP, Rossi SA, Sardi JDCO, Teodoro VLI, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Cryptococcosis: epidemiology, fungal resistance, and new alternatives for treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 32:1377-91. [PMID: 24141976 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is an important systemic mycosis and the third most prevalent disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. The incidence of cryptococcosis is high among the 25 million people with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with recent estimates indicating that there are one million cases of cryptococcal meningitis globally per year in AIDS patients. In Cryptococcus neoformans, resistance to azoles may be associated with alterations in the target enzyme encoded by the gene ERG11, lanosterol 14α-demethylase. These alterations are obtained through mutations, or by overexpressing the gene encoding. In addition, C. gattii and C. neoformans present a heteroresistance phenotype, which may be related to increased virulence. Other species beyond C. neoformans and C. gattii, such as C. laurentii, have been diagnosed mainly in patients with immunosuppression. Infections of C. albidus have been isolated in cats and marine mammals. Recent evidence suggests that the majority of infections produced by this pathogen are associated with biofilm growth, which is also related with increased resistance to antifungal agents. Therefore, there is a great need to search for alternative antifungal agents for these fungi. The search for new molecules is currently occurring from nanoparticle drugs of plant peptide origin. This article presents a brief review of the literature regarding the epidemiology of cryptococcosis, as well as fungal resistance and new alternatives for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F P Gullo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), R. Expedicionários do Brasil, 1621, 14801-902, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Oliveira KM, da Silva Neto BR, Parente JA, da Silva RA, Quintino GO, Voltan AR, Mendes-Giannini MJS, de Almeida Soares CM, Pereira M. Intermolecular interactions of the malate synthase of Paracoccidioides spp. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:107. [PMID: 23672539 PMCID: PMC3771410 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fungus Paracoccidioides spp is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a pulmonary mycosis acquired by the inhalation of fungal propagules. Paracoccidioides malate synthase (PbMLS) is important in the infectious process of Paracoccidioides spp because the transcript is up-regulated during the transition from mycelium to yeast and in yeast cells during phagocytosis by murine macrophages. In addition, PbMLS acts as an adhesin in Paracoccidioides spp. The evidence for the multifunctionality of PbMLS indicates that it could interact with other proteins from the fungus and host. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze proteins that possibly bind to PbMLS (PbMLS-interacting proteins) because protein interactions are intrinsic to cell processes, and it might be possible to infer the function of a protein through the identification of its ligands. Results The search for interactions was performed using an in vivo assay with a two-hybrid library constructed in S. cerevisiae; the transcripts were sequenced and identified. In addition, an in vitro assay using pull-down GST methodology with different protein extracts (yeast, mycelium, yeast-secreted proteins and macrophage) was performed, and the resulting interactions were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Some of the protein interactions were confirmed by Far-Western blotting using specific antibodies, and the interaction of PbMLS with macrophages was validated by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. In silico analysis using molecular modeling, dynamics and docking identified the amino acids that were involved in the interactions between PbMLS and PbMLS-interacting proteins. Finally, the interactions were visualized graphically using Osprey software. Conclusion These observations indicate that PbMLS interacts with proteins that are in different functional categories, such as cellular transport, protein biosynthesis, modification and degradation of proteins and signal transduction. These data suggest that PbMLS could play different roles in the fungal cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Martins de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
da Silva JDF, de Oliveira HC, Marcos CM, da Silva RAM, da Costa TA, Calich VLG, Almeida AMF, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Paracoccidoides brasiliensis 30 kDa adhesin: identification as a 14-3-3 protein, cloning and subcellular localization in infection models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62533. [PMID: 23638109 PMCID: PMC3640054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidoides brasiliensis adhesion to lung epithelial cells is considered an essential event for the establishment of infection and different proteins participate in this process. One of these proteins is a 30 kDa adhesin, pI 4.9 that was described as a laminin ligand in previous studies, and it was more highly expressed in more virulent P. brasiliensis isolates. This protein may contribute to the virulence of this important fungal pathogen. Using Edman degradation and mass spectrometry analysis, this 30 kDa adhesin was identified as a 14-3-3 protein. These proteins are a conserved group of small acidic proteins involved in a variety of processes in eukaryotic organisms. However, the exact function of these proteins in some processes remains unknown. Thus, the goal of the present study was to characterize the role of this protein during the interaction between the fungus and its host. To achieve this goal, we cloned, expressed the 14-3-3 protein in a heterologous system and determined its subcellular localization in in vitro and in vivo infection models. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed the ubiquitous distribution of this protein in the yeast form of P. brasiliensis, with some concentration in the cytoplasm. Additionally, this 14-3-3 protein was also present in P. brasiliensis cells at the sites of infection in C57BL/6 mice intratracheally infected with P. brasiliensis yeast cells for 72 h (acute infections) and 30 days (chronic infection). An apparent increase in the levels of the 14-3-3 protein in the cell wall of the fungus was also noted during the interaction between P. brasiliensis and A549 cells, suggesting that this protein may be involved in host-parasite interactions, since inhibition assays with the protein and this antibody decreased P. brasiliensis adhesion to A549 epithelial cells. Our data may lead to a better understanding of P. brasiliensis interactions with host tissues and paracoccidioidomycosis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julhiany de Fatima da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - University Estadual Paulista Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haroldo César de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - University Estadual Paulista Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Maria Marcos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - University Estadual Paulista Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Aparecida Moraes da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - University Estadual Paulista Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Alves da Costa
- Department of Immunology, Biomedical Institute, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - University Estadual Paulista Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Soares Mendes-Giannini
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - University Estadual Paulista Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Voltan AR, Sardi JDCO, Soares CP, Pelajo Machado M, Fusco Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Early Endosome Antigen 1 (EEA1) decreases in macrophages infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Med Mycol 2013; 51:759-64. [PMID: 23566224 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2013.777859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, endemic in Latin America. P. brasiliensis has been observed in epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro, as well as within the macrophages. The identification of the mechanism by which it survives within the host cell is fertile ground for the discovery of its pathogenesis since this organism has the ability to induce its own endocytosis in epithelial cells and most likely in macrophages. The study of the expression of endocytic proteins pathway and co-localization of microorganisms enable detection of the mechanism by which microorganisms survive within the host cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the endocytic protein EEA1 (early endosome antigen 1) in macrophages infected with P. brasiliensis. For detection of EEA1, three different techniques were employed: immunofluorescence, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblotting. In the present study, decreased expression of EEA1 as well as the rearrangement of the actin was observed when the fungus was internalized, confirming that the input mechanism of the fungus in macrophages occurs through phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Raquel Voltan
- * Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista , Araraquara , São Paulo
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pires RH, Santos JMD, Zaia JE, Martins CHG, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Candida parapsilosis complex water isolates from a haemodialysis unit: biofilm production and in vitro evaluation of the use of clinical antifungals. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 106:646-54. [PMID: 22012217 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762011000600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis, currently divided into three distinct species, proliferates in glucose-rich solutions and has been associated with infections resulting from the use of medical devices made of plastic, an environment common in dialysis centres. The aims of this study were (i) to screen for Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis (100 environmental isolates previously identified as C. parapsilosis), (ii) to test the ability of these isolates to form biofilm and (iii) to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of Candida spp biofilms to the antifungal agents, fluconazole (FLC) and amphotericin B (AMB). Isolates were obtained from a hydraulic circuit collected from a haemodialysis unit. Based on molecular criteria, 47 strains were re-identified as C. orthopsilosis and 53 as C. parapsilosis. Analyses using a formazan salt reduction assay and total viable count, together with microscopy studies, revealed that 72 strains were able to form biofilm that was structurally similar, but with minor differences in morphology. A microtitre-based colorimetric assay used to test the susceptibility of fungal biofilms to AMB and FLC demonstrated that the C. parapsilosis complex displayed an increased resistance to these antifungal agents. The results from these analyses may provide a basis for implementing quality controls and monitoring to ensure the microbiological purity of dialysis water, including the presence of yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Helena Pires
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Marcos CM, de Fátima da Silva J, de Oliveira HC, Moraes da Silva RA, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Surface-expressed enolase contributes to the adhesion of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis to host cells. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 12:557-70. [PMID: 22443156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2012.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Understanding the interactions between P. brasiliensis and the host tissue depends on the study of the different steps of the process of colonization, especially adhesion, in which the pathogen recognizes ligands on the surface of host cells. This study aimed to verify the role of enolase in the host cell-fungus interaction and the ability of enolase to bind to extracellular matrix components, to determine its subcellular localization, and to study the P. brasiliensis enolase amino acid sequence. The data revealed that fibronectin is the major ligand of enolase. Evaluation of the location of enolase at an ultrastructural level revealed that it is distributed in various cellular compartments, but at a high level in the cell wall. The analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed an internal plasminogen-binding motif ((254)FYKADEKKY(262)), which is conserved in most organisms and described as an important interaction site of the enolase with the host cell surface. This suggests that enolase performs additional functions related to the glycolytic pathway and also plays a role of adhesion in P. brasiliensis. Therefore, this study increases the knowledge about the characteristics of enolase and its influence on the binding process of P. brasiliensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Maria Marcos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Araraquara, Department of Clinical Analysis, Clinical Mycology Laboratory, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pitangui NS, Sardi JCO, Silva JF, Benaducci T, Moraes da Silva RA, Rodríguez-Arellanes G, Taylor ML, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Fusco-Almeida AM. Adhesion of Histoplasma capsulatum to pneumocytes and biofilm formation on an abiotic surface. Biofouling 2012; 28:711-718. [PMID: 22784100 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.703659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, causes the respiratory and systemic disease 'histoplasmosis'. This disease is primarily acquired via inhalation of aerosolized microconidia or hyphal fragments of H. capsulatum. Evolution of this respiratory disease depends on the ability of H. capsulatum yeasts to survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages. It is known that adhesion to host cells is the first step in colonization and biofilm formation. Some microorganisms become attached to biological and non-biological surfaces due to the formation of biofilms. Based on the importance of biofilms and their persistence on host tissues and cell surfaces, the present study was designed to investigate biofilm formation by H. capsulatum yeasts, as well as their ability to adhere to pneumocyte cells. H. capsulatum biofilm assays were performed in vitro using two different clinical strains of the fungus and biofilms were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The biofilms were measured using a 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium-hydroxide (XTT) reduction assay. The results showed that both the H. capsulatum strains tested were very efficient at adhering to host cells and forming biofilm. Therefore, this is a possible survival strategy adopted by this fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Pitangui
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Silva MG, Schrank A, Bailão EFLC, Bailão AM, Borges CL, Staats CC, Parente JA, Pereira M, Salem-Izacc SM, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Oliveira RMZ, Silva LKRE, Nosanchuk JD, Vainstein MH, de Almeida Soares CM. The homeostasis of iron, copper, and zinc in paracoccidioides brasiliensis, cryptococcus neoformans var. Grubii, and cryptococcus gattii: a comparative analysis. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:49. [PMID: 21833306 PMCID: PMC3153025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, copper, and zinc are essential for all living organisms. Moreover, the homeostasis of these metals is vital to microorganisms during pathogenic interactions with a host. Most pathogens have developed specific mechanisms for the uptake of micronutrients from their hosts in order to counteract the low availability of essential ions in infected tissues. We report here an analysis of genes potentially involved in iron, copper, and zinc uptake and homeostasis in the fungal pathogens Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, and Cryptococcus gattii. Although prior studies have identified certain aspects of metal regulation in Cryptococcus species, little is known regarding the regulation of these elements in P. brasiliensis. We also present amino acid sequences analyses of deduced proteins in order to examine possible conserved domains. The genomic data reveals, for the first time, genes associated to iron, copper, and zinc assimilation and homeostasis in P. brasiliensis. Furthermore, analyses of the three fungal species identified homologs to genes associated with high-affinity uptake systems, vacuolar and mitochondrial iron storage, copper uptake and reduction, and zinc assimilation. However, homologs to genes involved in siderophore production were only found in P. brasiliensis. Interestingly, in silico analysis of the genomes of P. brasiliensisPb01, Pb03, and Pb18 revealed significant differences in the presence and/or number of genes involved in metal homeostasis, such as in genes related to iron reduction and oxidation. The broad analyses of the genomes of P. brasiliensis, C. neoformans var. grubii, and C. gattii for genes involved in metal homeostasis provide important groundwork for numerous interesting future areas of investigation that are required in order to validate and explore the function of the identified genes and gene pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirelle Garcia Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|