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Xiang J, Chang Q, McLinden JH, Bhattarai N, Welch JL, Kaufman TM, Stapleton JT. Characterization of "Off-Target" Immune Modulation Induced by Live Attenuated Yellow Fever Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:786-794. [PMID: 36994927 PMCID: PMC10938199 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Live attenuated vaccines alter immune functions and are associated with beneficial outcomes. We previously demonstrated that live attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine (LA-YF-Vax) dampens T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling in vitro via an RNA-based mechanism. We examined study participants before and after LA-YF-Vax to assess TCR-mediated functions in vivo. METHODS Serum samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained before and after LA-YF-Vax (with or without additional vaccines) or quadrivalent influenza vaccine. TCR-mediated activation was determined by interleukin 2 release or phosphorylation of the lymphocyte-specific Src kinase. TCR-regulating phosphatase (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type E [PTPRE]) expression was also measured. RESULTS Compared with prevaccination findings, LA-YF-Vax recipient PBMCs demonstrated transient reduction in interleukin 2 release after TCR stimulation and PTPRE levels, unlike in control participants who received quadrivalent influenza vaccine. YFV was detected in 8 of 14 participants after LA-YF-Vax. After incubation of healthy donor PBMCs in serum-derived extracellular vesicles prepared from LA-YF-Vax recipients, TCR signaling and PTPRE levels were reduced after vaccination, even in participants without detectable YFV RNA. CONCLUSIONS LA-YF-Vax reduces TCR functions and PTPRE levels after vaccination. Extracellular vesicles from serum recapitulated this effect in healthy cells. This likely contributes to the reduced immunogenicity for heterologous vaccines after LA-YF-Vax administration. Identification of specific immune mechanisms related to vaccines should contribute to understanding of the "off-target," beneficial effects of live vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xiang
- Iowa City Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Q Chang
- Iowa City Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - J H McLinden
- Iowa City Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - N Bhattarai
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - J L Welch
- Iowa City Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - T M Kaufman
- Iowa City Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- Iowa City Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Pathak SR, Bhattarai N, Baskota D, Koju RP, Humagain S. Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Patients of Essential Hypertension and its Correlation with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Carotid Artery Intima‑media Thickness. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:417-421. [PMID: 37795715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Urinary albumin excretion has been associated to cardiovascular events and increased mortality in hypertensive patients. There is limited information among Nepalese patients about the implications of microalbuminuria (MA) in the setting of hypertension and potential cardiovascular morbidity. Objective To investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with essential hypertension and its connection with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT). Method The study involved 80 hypertension individuals in total. All patients in the study had basic biochemical tests, routine urine evaluations, echocardiography, and carotid artery intima-media thickness measurements performed, and the data were analyzed. Result The prevalence of microalbuminuria was present in 37.5% cases of essential hypertension. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was significantly higher in patients with increased microalbuminuria as compared to patient with normal microalbuminuria. In addition, a significant positive correlation between microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy was also observed. Furthermore, mean carotid artery intima-media thickness was found to be higher in patients with microalbuminuria (p < 0.001), with 76.7% of the patients with microalbuminuria having elevated mean carotid artery intima-media thickness. The carotid artery intima-media thickness had a positive correlation with both microalbuminuria and left ventricular hypertrophy. Conclusion Microalbuminuria assessment in hypertensive patients is an important test for the evaluation of target organ damage. This study shows that microalbuminuria is common in hypertension patients, particularly those with left ventricular hypertrophy. Microalbuminuria was found to be associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and carotid artery intima-media thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Pathak
- Department of Cardiology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - N Bhattarai
- Department of Cardiology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - D Baskota
- Department of Biochemistry, People's Dental College and Hospital, Naya Bazar, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R P Koju
- Department of Cardiology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Humagain
- Department of Cardiology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Thapa VB, Rana S, Bhattarai N. Assessment of prevalence of dental pulp stones in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Orthod J Nepal 2021. [DOI: 10.3126/ojn.v11i2.43280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pulp stones are foci of calcification in the dental pulp. During the orthodontic tooth movement, a complex series of tissue reaction occurs. Studies show that the orthodontic force application may cause pulpal changes like pulpal calcifications. Hence; we assessed the prevalence of prevalence of dental pulp stones in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Method: A total of 50 patients who were scheduled to undergo non-extraction orthodontic treatment were included. Pre-treatment and Post-treatment radiographs were taken in all the patients. Evaluation of the permanent molars (maxillary and mandibular) was done, both pre-treatment and post-treatment. Interpretation of the radiographs was done by skilled and experienced oral radiologists. Diagnosis of pulp stones was done when definite radiopaque bodies as dental pulp stones were noted as present or absent. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet.
Results: At pre-treatment time, prevalence of pulp stones was found to be 26 percent, while at post-treatment time, the overall prevalence of pulp stones was found to be 48 percent. Significant results were obtained while comparing the pretreatment and post-treatment prevalence of pulp stones.
Conclusion: Formation of pulp stones might be triggered under the effect of orthodontic trea
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Chaudhary B, Joshi U, Dahal S, Sagtani A, Khanal P, Bhattarai N. Anatomical Position of Lower Third Molar in Relation to Mandibular Canal on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images in A Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2020; 58:879-883. [PMID: 34506414 PMCID: PMC7775019 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The positional relationship between the mandibularcanal with impacted mandibular third molar is the main factor of inferior alveolar nerve injury. The purpose of this study wasto classify the anatomical three dimensional relationship between the proximity of impacted mandibular third molars to the inferior alveolar canal. METHODS The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted inthe Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of a tertiary care hospital from July 2020 to August 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number 2506202001). Cone-beam computed tomography images of 200 patient's mandibular third molars were used. A convenient sampling method was used. Data were analyzed using Statistical package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS Mandibular canal relative to the roots of the mandibular third molar was observed on the apical side in 104 (52.0%) and 173 (86.5%) third molars had direct contact with the mandibular canal. About 36 (97.3%) lingually placed mandibular third molars had contact with the mandibular canal. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study conclude that most of the mandibular third molars situated lingually had a higher occurrence of mandibular nerve involvement. The anatomic structures of the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal may be helpful to draw upon the adequate surgical plan to avoidor reduce nerve involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Chaudhary
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Ujjwal Joshi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital,Bhaktapur,Nepal
| | - Sirjana Dahal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Alok Sagtani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Pranaya Khanal
- Department of Community and Public Health Dentistry, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Niroj Bhattarai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Alves Pena
- Department of Economics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, US
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Niraula R, Saleh A, Bhattarai N, Bajgain R, Kannan N, Osei E, Gowda P, Neel J, Xiao X, Basara J. Understanding the effects of pasture type and stocking rate on the hydrology of the Southern Great Plains. Sci Total Environ 2020; 708:134873. [PMID: 31791796 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Grassland is one of the major biomes in the United States (US) and the world. In the US, the majority of grasslands are concentrated in the Great Plains and has undergone through significant interventions or management changes over the last few decades. A key economy-driven intervention in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) include the introduction of new forage species and conversion of native grassland to introduced pasture to increase productivity and its nutritive value for improved cattle production. Since water is one of the fundamental resources needed to sustain grassland productivity, it is important to understand how such pasture conversion and prevailing cattle grazing practices affect water balance and biomass production in a given pasture system. In this study, the Nutrient Tracking Tool (NTT) with its core APEX (Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender) model was used to assess the hydrological impacts of the pasture introduction, i.e., native pasture (little bluestem, Schizachyrium halapense) vs. introduced pasture (old world bluestem, Bothriochloa caucasica), and the stocking rate in the SGP. Monthly evapotranspiration (ET) and biomass estimates from NTT compared well with observed data at two USDA-ARS experimental pastures (native and introduced) near El Reno, Oklahoma, for the years 2015 and 2016. Simulated long-term average annual hydrologic fluxes (i.e., ET, runoff, and groundwater recharge) from the introduced pasture were slightly lower than the observed data but not significantly different than those from the native pasture under the current management conditions. NTT predicted higher water yield (runoff and recharge) and significantly lower ET for the introduced pasture than the native pasture. Results suggest that grazing has the potential to alter the hydrological balance in the SGP. For example, the increase in stocking rate within the carrying capacity of the farm decreases ET and increases runoff and groundwater recharge for both pastures. Comparison of estimated biomass production between native and introduced pastures indicated that introduced pastures are more efficient in using the available water and thus produce a higher forage biomass per unit of water in the SGP. This study highlighted the potential significance of considering hydrological and other biophysical impacts of new forage introduction and stocking rate changes for the sustainable management of grazing and pasture systems in the SGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Niraula
- Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research (TIAER), Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA.
| | - A Saleh
- Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research (TIAER), Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - N Bhattarai
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Bajgain
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - N Kannan
- Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research (TIAER), Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - E Osei
- Agricultural and Consumer Sciences, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA
| | - P Gowda
- Forage and Livestock Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK, USA
| | - J Neel
- Forage and Livestock Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK, USA
| | - X Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - J Basara
- School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA; School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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Rodgers H, Shaw L, Bhattarai N, Cant R, Drummond A, Ford GA, Forster A, Francis R, Hills K, Howel D, Laverty AM, McKevitt C, McMeekin P, Price C, Stamp E, Stevens E, Vale L. 137A trial to evaluate an eXTended RehAbilitation service for Stroke patients (EXTRAS): main patient results. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz001.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Rodgers
- Newcastle University
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Price
- Newcastle University
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
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Montella G, Purdy AP, Qadri SB, Bhattarai N, Stroud RM, Roland CM. DISPERSION OF NANOCLAY IN 1,4-POLYBUTADIENE. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.18.81567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Two approaches to obtaining better dispersion of organo-modified nanoclay in high-molecular weight polybutadiene were assessed: (1) chemical modification of the polymer to increase its affinity for the silicate layers and (2) increasing the stretching component of the flow field used to mix the materials. As expected, the degree of dispersion, that is, the extent of intercalation of the polymer into the clay galleries and amount of exfoliation of the clay layers, increased with closer matching of the respective solubility parameters of the components. The efficiency of mechanical mixing was greater for flow fields dominated by stretching (extensional flow); less mix energy had to be expended to achieve a given level of reinforcement. However, without sufficient affinity of the polymer for the clay, complete exfoliation could not be obtained solely by mixing. Nevertheless, incomplete dispersion of the nanoclay still yields more than 40-fold increases in viscosity with 5% clay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S. B. Qadri
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342
| | - N. Bhattarai
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342
| | - R. M. Stroud
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5342
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Bytautiene Prewit E, Porter C, La Rosa M, Bhattarai N, Yin H, Gamble P, Kechichian T, Sidossis LS. Adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 levels and function are increased in a mouse model of developmental obesity induced by maternal exposure to high-fat diet. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:401-408. [PMID: 29769150 PMCID: PMC6070410 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With brown adipose tissue (BAT) becoming a possible therapeutic target to counteract obesity, the prenatal environment could represent a critical window to modify BAT function and browning of white AT. We investigated if levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and UCP1-mediated thermogenesis are altered in offspring exposed to prenatal obesity. Female CD-1 mice were fed a high-fat (HF) or standard-fat (SF) diet for 3 months before breeding. After weaning, all pups were placed on SF. UCP1 mRNA and protein levels were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively, in brown (BAT), subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissues at 6 months of age. Total and UCP1-dependent mitochondrial respiration were determined by high-resolution respirometry. A Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used (significance: P<0.05). UCP1 mRNA levels were not different between the HF and SF offspring. UCP1 protein levels, total mitochondrial respiration and UCP1-dependent respiration were significantly higher in BAT from HF males (P=0.02, P=0.04, P=0.005, respectively) and females (P=0.01, P=0.04, P=0.02, respectively). In SAT, the UCP1 protein was significantly lower in HF females (P=0.03), and the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis was significantly lower from HF males (P=0.04). In VAT, UCP1 protein levels and UCP1-dependent respiration were significantly lower only in HF females (P=0.03, P=0.04, respectively). There were no differences in total respiration in SAT and VAT. Prenatal exposure to maternal obesity leads to significant increases in UCP1 levels and function in BAT in offspring with little impact on UCP1 levels and function in SAT and VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bytautiene Prewit
- 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Galveston,TX,USA
| | - C Porter
- 2Department of Surgery,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Shriners Hospitals for Children,Galveston,TX,USA
| | - M La Rosa
- 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Galveston,TX,USA
| | - N Bhattarai
- 2Department of Surgery,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Shriners Hospitals for Children,Galveston,TX,USA
| | - H Yin
- 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Galveston,TX,USA
| | - P Gamble
- 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Galveston,TX,USA
| | - T Kechichian
- 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Galveston,TX,USA
| | - L S Sidossis
- 2Department of Surgery,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston,Shriners Hospitals for Children,Galveston,TX,USA
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Anil O, Arun S, Rajesh N, Bhattarai N, Chaudhary N. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of acute ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction: Initial single-center experience from Kathmandu, Nepal. J Clin Prev Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jcpc.jcpc_15_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bhattarai N. Cyto-histopathological study of Mediastinal lesions. J Pathol Nep 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v6i11.15675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Broad ranges of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions are encountered in mediastinum depending on the patient’s age and anatomical site. This study was performed to review our institutional experience of mediastinal masses and to compare the results with various other studies.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on 112 patients with mediastinal masses who underwent fine needle aspiration cytology and/or biopsy from 14th April 2009 to 4th March 2014 in Department of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital.Results: Out of 112 cases, 70 cases (62.5%) were benign, 38 cases (33.92%) malignant and 4 cases (3.57%) were inconclusive. Mean age of presentation was 34.94 yrs with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Ninety-nine cases (88.4%) were seen in anterior compartment, 12 cases (10.7%) in posterior compartment and 1case (0.9%) in middle compartment. Thymoma (26 cases) was the most common lesion followed by Non Hodgkin lymphoma (17 cases) and germ cell tumor (16 cases).Conclusion: Mediastinal lesions occur more commonly in males with higher frequency of benign lesions, among which thymoma is the predominant lesion.
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Dorlo TPC, Rijal S, Ostyn B, de Vries PJ, Singh R, Bhattarai N, Uranw S, Dujardin JC, Boelaert M, Beijnen JH, Huitema ADR. Failure of Miltefosine in Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Associated With Low Drug Exposure. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:146-53. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background: Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessively inherited disorder affecting 1 in 2,50,000 population. It shows genetic heterogeneity with at least ten different complementation groups identified which have different clinical presentations. They tend to have a more than 1000 fold increased risk of developing cancers in sun-exposed areas as a result of a DNA repair defect. This study presents a myriad of histopathological features of malignancies seen in individuals with this rare. Materials and Methods: Biopsies received from patients with a clinical diagnosis of Xeroderma Pigemntosa at the department of pathology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, from April 2008 to June 2012 were included in the study. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were examined. Clinical history was retrieved from the computer data base of the department. Results: During the study period, a total of eleven cases of Xeroderma pigmentosum presented with a biopsied lesion. All of these were malignant lesions. No benign lesions were seen. The age range of these patients was 6-30years with a mean of 18.8 years. The male to female ratio was 4.5:1. The most common malignancy seen was squamous cell carcinoma 7/11 (63.6%) followed by basal cell carcinoma 2/11 (27.2%). A single case presented with basal cell carcinoma of face and melanoma of trunk. The frequently observed site of malignancy was skin of the face followed by conjunctiva. Conclusion: In our population, non melanotic skin cancers affecting the face are more common in young individuals with Xeroderma pigmentosum. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8996 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 472-475
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Bhattarai N, Charlton J, Rudisill C, Gulliford MC. Prevalence of depression and utilization of health care in single and multiple morbidity: a population-based cohort study. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1423-1431. [PMID: 23114010 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine whether depression in patients with long-term conditions is associated with the number of morbidities or the type of co-morbidity. Method A cohort study of 299 912 participants aged 30-100 years. The prevalence of depression, rates of health-care utilization and costs were evaluated in relation to diagnoses of diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and colorectal cancer. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of depression was 7% in men and 14% in women with no morbidity. The frequency of depression increased in single morbidities including DM (men 13%, women 22%), CHD (men 15%, women 24%), stroke (men 14%, women 26%) or colorectal cancer (men 10%, women 21%). Participants with concurrent diabetes, CHD and stroke had a very high prevalence of depression (men 23%, women 49%). The relative rate of depression for one morbidity was 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-1.66], two morbidities 1.96 (95% CI 1.89-2.03) and three morbidities 2.35 (95% CI 2.03-2.59). Compared to those with no morbidity, depression was associated with higher rates of health-care utilization and increased costs at any level of morbidity. In women aged 55 to 64 years without morbidity, the mean annual health-care cost was £513 without depression and £1074 with depression; when three morbidities were present, the cost was £1495 without depression and £2878 with depression. CONCLUSIONS Depression prevalence and health-care costs are more strongly associated with the number of morbidities than the nature of the co-morbid diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhattarai
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, UK.
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Bhattarai N, Charlton J, Rudisill C, Gulliford MC. PS28 Impact of Number and Type of Comorbidity on Depression Prevalence and Health Care Costs. Population-Based Cohort Study. Br J Soc Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201753.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Singh V, Bhattarai N, Panda M. Iron deficiency in a male with multiple myeloma. Case Reports 2010; 2010:2010/dec15_1/bcr0420102956. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.04.2010.2956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Bhattarai SR, Kim SY, Jang KY, Yi HK, Lee YH, Bhattarai N, Nam SY, Lee DY, Kim HY, Hwang PH. Amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(p-dioxanone-co-L-lactide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol), enhancement of gene expression and inhibition of lung metastasis by aerosol delivery. Gene Ther 2006; 14:476-83. [PMID: 17122804 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of an aerosol system for topical gene delivery to the lungs of C57BL/6 mice. This system is based on the combination of the commercial cationic lipid Lipofectin with a novel amphiphilic triblock copolymer, poly(p-dioxanone-co-L-lactide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PPDO/PLLA-b-PEG, and abbreviated in the text as polymeric micelles). After optimizing conditions for DNA delivery to the lungs of mice using the combination of polymeric micelles with Lipofectin and LacZ DNA, we used the Lipofectin/polymeric micelle system to deliver the tumor suppressor gene PTEN to the lungs of C57BL/6 mice bearing the B16-F10 melanoma. Lipofectin/PTEN/polymeric micelles significantly improved gene expression of PTEN in the lungs of mice with no evidence of cell toxicity or acute inflammation. Importantly, lung metastasis, as measured by lung weight, was significantly reduced (P<0.001), as were total tumor foci in the lungs (P<0.001) and size of individual tumor nodules in animals treated with Lipofectin/PTEN/polymeric micelles compared with control animals. Survival time was also extended. These results suggest that the Lipofectin/polymeric micelle system is appropriate for enhancing gene delivery in vivo and that it can be applied as a non-invasive gene therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Bhattarai
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
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Bhattarai N, Rauniyar A, Chaudhary D, Jaiswal S, Banthia P, Rana BBS. Patterns of organophosphorous poisoning attending a teaching hospital. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2006; 45:228-32. [PMID: 17189966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this was to study the pattern of patients of organophosphorous (OP) poisoning attending Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (KMCTH). This is a retrospective study of OP poisoning from hospital records were analyzed meticulously and data extracted. Data collected were: patient's demographics, motive for poisoning, type of OP poison, arrival time, time since ingestion, patient's vitals, predisposing factors, serum cholinesterase levels, treatment given, duration of hospital stay and mortality. A total of 47 patients of OP poisoning attended KMCTH from Aug 2003 to July 2005. 22(46.8%) cases were male and 25(53.2%) were female. The maximum number of patients were between the age of 20-40 (33-70.2%). Married patients outnumbered the unmarried (35/74.5% vs 12/25.5%). The most common motive for poisoning was suicidal, 41 cases (87.2%). Metacid (methyl-parathion) was the most commonly used OP compounds in 32 (68%) patients. Interpersonal marital relationship seemed to be the commonest predisposing factor, 23 cases (48.9%). The commonest time of presentation was between 6 pm-12 midnight. 7(57.4%) cases presented within 2 hours of ingestion of the poison. Serum cholinesterase level measured after full atropinisation was >50% of normal level in 17 cases (36.2%). 10 cases (21.3%) required respiratory support. Intermediate syndrome (IMS) was observed in 3 cases. Overall mortality occurred in 3 cases (6.4%). This study highlights the problem of OP poisoning in our region. Establishment of strict policies against the sale and availability of insecticides and pesticides which are freely available in the market is an effective way to control OP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhattarai
- Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Viswanathamurthi P, Bhattarai N, Kim HY, Khil MS, Lee DR, Suh EK. GeO[sub 2] fibers: Preparation, morphology and photoluminescence property. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:441-5. [PMID: 15260565 DOI: 10.1063/1.1755666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomicron to submicron fibers of GeO(2) have been prepared using poly(vinyl acetate) and germanium dioxide sol by electrospinning followed by high temperature calcination. The morphology of the fibers have been studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. X-ray diffraction indicates that the fibers are single crystal with hexagonal alpha-phase quartz-like structure. At room temperature, the fibers show photoluminescence under excitation at 325 nm. The fibers may have potential applications in one-dimensional optoelectronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Viswanathamurthi
- Department of Chemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore 641 029, India
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Viswanathamurthi P, Bhattarai N, Kim H, Lee D, Kim S, Morris M. Preparation and morphology of niobium oxide fibres by electrospinning. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)00702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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