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Hayashi Y, Himeno T, Shibata Y, Hirai N, Asada-Yamada Y, Sasajima S, Asano-Hayami E, Motegi M, Asano S, Kato M, Nakai-Shimoda H, Tani H, Miura-Yura E, Morishita Y, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Nakayama T, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Simplified electrophysiological approach combining a point-of-care nerve conduction device and an electrocardiogram produces an accurate diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2024. [PMID: 38421109 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of two simplified tests, a point-of-care nerve conduction device (DPNCheck™) and a coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVR-R ), as an alternative to traditional nerve conduction studies for the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inpatients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (n = 167) were enrolled. The study population consisted of 101 men, with a mean age of 60.8 ± 14.8 years. DPN severity was assessed using traditional nerve conduction studies, and differentiated based on Baba's classification (BC). To examine the explanatory potential of variables in DPNCheck™ and CVR-R regarding the severity of DPN according to BC, a multiple regression analysis was carried out, followed by a receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Based on BC, 61 participants (36.5% of the total) were categorized as having DPN severity of stage 2 or more. The multiple regression analysis yielded a predictive formula with high predictive power for DPN diagnosis (estimated severity of DPN in BC = 2.258 - 0.026 × nerve conduction velocity [m/s] - 0.594 × ln[sensory nerve action potential amplitude (μV)] + 0.528In[age(years)] - 0.178 × ln[CVR-R ], r = 0.657). The area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic analysis was 0.880. Using the optimal cutoff value for DPN with severer than stage 2, the predictive formula showed good diagnostic efficacy: sensitivity of 83.6%, specificity of 79.2%, positive predictive value of 51.7% and negative predictive value of 76.1%. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DPN diagnosis using DPNCheck™ and CVR-R could improve diagnostic efficiency and accessibility for DPN assessment in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hayashi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuka Shibata
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuriko Asada-Yamada
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sasajima
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Emi Asano-Hayami
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mikio Motegi
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Saeko Asano
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai-Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroya Tani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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Mori S, Shimma S, Masuko-Suzuki H, Watanabe M, Nakanishi T, Tsukioka J, Goto K, Fukui H, Hirai N. Fluorescence from abnormally sterile pollen of the Japanese apricot. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2021; 38:355-366. [PMID: 34782823 PMCID: PMC8562573 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We observed trees of the Japanese apricot, Prunus mume 'Nanko' (Rosaceae), bearing two types of flowers: 34% had blue fluorescent pollen under UV irradiation, and 66% had non-fluorescent pollen. The fluorescent pollen grains were abnormally crushed, sterile, and devoid of intine and pollenkitt. The development of microspores within anthers was investigated: in the abnormally developed anthers, tapetal cells were vacuolated at the unicellular microspore stage, and fluorescent pollen was produced. Compounds responsible for the blue fluorescence of pollen were identified as chlorogenic acid and 1-O-feruloyl-β-D-glucose. The anthers with fluorescent pollen contained 6.7-fold higher and 3.8-fold lower amounts of chlorogenic acid and N 1,N 5,N 10-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine, respectively, compared to those with non-fluorescent pollen. The tapetal vacuolization, highly accumulated chlorogenic acid, and deficiency of N 1,N 5,N 10-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine imply that low-temperature stress during the early unicellular microspore stage caused a failure in microsporogenesis. Furthermore, potential effects of the visual difference on the bee behavior were also discussed through the colorimetry. The sterility, likely induced by low-temperature stress, and the preference of honeybees for fluorescence may reduce the pollination efficiency of P. mume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Mori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Masuko-Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masao Watanabe
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsu Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Tsukioka
- The Garden of Medicinal Plants, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Kyoto 601-1405, Japan
| | - Katsumi Goto
- The Garden of Medicinal Plants, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Kyoto 601-1405, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukui
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Kawai M, Himeno T, Shibata Y, Hirai N, Asada‐Yamada Y, Asano‐Hayami E, Ejima Y, Kasagi R, Nagao E, Sugiura‐Roth Y, Nakai‐Shimoda H, Nakayama T, Yamada Y, Ishikawa T, Morishita Y, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Kato Y, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Neuroretinal dysfunction revealed by a flicker electroretinogram correlated with peripheral nerve dysfunction and parameters of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1236-1243. [PMID: 33210835 PMCID: PMC8264400 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) develops in the early stage of diabetes. However, no common diagnostic protocol has yet been established. Here, to verify that the flicker electroretinogram using a hand-held device can detect the early dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system in patients with diabetes, we investigated the correlation between the progression of DPN and neuroretinal dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 184 participants with type 1 or 2 diabetes underwent a flicker electroretinogram (ERG) using a hand-held device RETeval™ and nerve conduction study. Participants were also evaluated for intima-media thickness, ankle-brachial index, toe brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Parameters of the nerve conduction study were used to diagnose the severity according to Baba's classification. A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations of ERG parameters with the severity of DPN categorized by Baba's classification. Diagnostic properties of the device in DPN were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS A multiple regression model to predict the severity of DPN was generated using ERG. In the model, moderate-to-severe DPN was effectively diagnosed (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.692, sensitivity 56.5%, specificity 78.3%, positive predictive value 70.6%, negative predictive value 66.1%, positive likelihood ratio 2.60, negative likelihood ratio 0.56). In the patients without diabetic retinopathy, the implicit time and amplitude in ERG significantly correlated with the parameters of the nerve conduction study, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS Electroretinogram parameters obtained by the hand-held device successfully predict the severity of DPN. The device might be useful to evaluate DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuka Kawai
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yuka Shibata
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
- Department of LaboratoryThe Medical Clinic of Aichi Medical UniversityNagoyaJapan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yuriko Asada‐Yamada
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Emi Asano‐Hayami
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yohei Ejima
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Rina Kasagi
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Eriko Nagao
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yukako Sugiura‐Roth
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hiromi Nakai‐Shimoda
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAichi Medical University HospitalNagakuteJapan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of DiabetesDepartment of Internal MedicineAichi Medical University School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
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Yuan L, Mori S, Haruyama N, Hirai N, Osakabe M. Strawberry pollen as a source of UV-B protection ingredients for the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Pest Manag Sci 2021; 77:851-859. [PMID: 32949092 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new physical control method using ultraviolet-B (UV-B) lamps and light-reflecting sheets (UV method) significantly suppressed a spider mite population on greenhouse strawberries. Although UV-B radiation may adversely affect the survival of phytoseiid mites, previous research has suggested that Neoseiulus californicus can improve its survival on exposure to UV-B irradiation by consuming antioxidants contained in tea and peach pollen. In this study, we evaluated strawberry pollen as an alternative food source for N. californicus and examined whether antioxidants in the pollen mitigated UV-B damage to N. californicus. RESULTS The fecundity of N. californicus females reared on Tetranychus urticae decreased on shifting their diet to pollen. By contrast, females reared continuously on strawberry pollen produced as many eggs as females reared continuously on T. urticae. Survival and fecundity after UV-B irradiation were higher in females on the pollen diet. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity analysis revealed that the high antioxidant activity of strawberry pollen was due to four hydroxycinnamoyl spermidine derivatives. CONCLUSION Strawberry pollen was an adequate alternative food source for N. californicus. Feeding on strawberry pollen, which contains spermidine derivatives with high antioxidant activity, mitigated UV-B damage. This shows the potential of combining the UV-method with N. californicus for controlling T. urticae in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Yuan
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Mori
- Laboratory of Comparative Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Haruyama
- Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Comparative Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Osakabe
- Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Kamiya H, Shibata Y, Himeno T, Tani H, Nakayama T, Murotani K, Hirai N, Kawai M, Asada-Yamada Y, Asano-Hayami E, Nakai-Shimoda H, Yamada Y, Ishikawa T, Morishita Y, Kondo M, Tsunekawa S, Kato Y, Baba M, Nakamura J. Point-of-care nerve conduction device predicts the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy: A quantitative, but easy-to-use, prediction model. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:583-591. [PMID: 32799422 PMCID: PMC8015817 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction A gold standard in the diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a nerve conduction study. However, as a nerve conduction study requires expensive equipment and well‐trained technicians, it is largely avoided when diagnosing DPN in clinical settings. Here, we validated a novel diagnostic method for DPN using a point‐of‐care nerve conduction device as an alternative way of diagnosis using a standard electromyography system. Materials and Methods We used a multiple regression analysis to examine associations of nerve conduction parameters obtained from the device, DPNCheck™, with the severity of DPN categorized by the Baba classification among 375 participants with type 2 diabetes. A nerve conduction study using a conventional electromyography system was implemented to differentiate the severity in the Baba classification. The diagnostic properties of the device were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A multiple regression model to predict the severity of DPN was generated using sural nerve conduction data obtained from the device as follows: the severity of DPN = 2.046 + 0.509 × ln(age [years]) − 0.033 × (nerve conduction velocity [m/s]) − 0.622 × ln(amplitude of sensory nerve action potential [µV]), r = 0.649. Using a cut‐off value of 1.3065 in the model, moderate‐to‐severe DPN was effectively diagnosed (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.871, sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 87.7%, positive predictive value 83.0%, negative predictive value 77.3%, positive likelihood ratio 5.67, negative likelihood ratio 0.34). Conclusions Nerve conduction parameters in the sural nerve acquired by the handheld device successfully predict the severity of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuka Shibata
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Laboratory, The Medical Clinic of Aichi Medical University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroya Tani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Biostatistics Center, Kurume University Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Miyuka Kawai
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuriko Asada-Yamada
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Emi Asano-Hayami
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai-Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masayuki Baba
- Department of Neurology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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Hirai N, Kubo M, Sakurai Y, Komatsuzaki K, Tazawa R. 0205 Remote Collection of Daily Life Information for Japanese Residents. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Japanese medical students spend their school days under a dense curriculum. It is often difficult to maintain their healthy lifestyle. After graduation, most of them participate in clinical training programs as residents. It is also difficult to maintain a normal life because they are engaged in different specialized departments every few months. Such an environment is considered prone to mental health problems. In fact, one in four residents are reported to be newly depressed two months after the start of clinical training (Maeno T, et al. 2008). These mental health issues are thought to be affected by changes in daily life, but it is difficult to know such changes. In order to investigate changes in their daily lives, we developed a data collection system related to mental health via the Internet.
Methods
The subjects were 22 medical students who graduated from our university in March 2017. They were asked to wear activity tracker wrist bands from December 2016. They were also asked to answer the questionnaire on a web site every week as much as possible, and the responses were collected via the Internet together with the activity data. The first eight months of the observation period, including four months before the start of clinical training and four month after the start of clinical training, are divided into four quarters every two months, and the averaged sleep time and responses to the questionnaire in each period were investigated.
Results
The average number of days that the sleep was effectively recorded during each two months was 28–48. The average number of responses to the questionnaire during each two months was 6.0–7.2.
Conclusion
Residents in the initial clinical training period should be very busy, but the system we have developed seems to have worked well with them for the first four months after the start of clinical training. Whether this system would work as well a longer period is a further problem.
Support
This study is supported by KAKENHI 16K01753.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hirai
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - M Kubo
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Y Sakurai
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | | | - R Tazawa
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JAPAN
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Sugioka N, Kawakami M, Hirai N, Osakabe M. A Pollen Diet Confers Ultraviolet-B Resistance in Phytoseiid Mites by Providing Antioxidants. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nakayama H, Hiramoto Y, Numata Y, Iwama J, Fujita S, Hirai N, Saito N, Hayashi M, Itou K, Aoki K, Iwabuchi S. Evaluation of repeated sports-related concussion using clinical diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Izuno T, Saeki T, Hirai N, Nakamura M. Increase of sleep spindle density induced by rTMS for major depression. Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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10
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Nishino K, Shiro M, Okura R, Oizumi K, Fujita T, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Yamada A, Tanaka C, Yamaguchi M, Hiradate S, Hirai N. The (oxalato)aluminate complex as an antimicrobial substance protecting the "shiro" of Tricholoma matsutake from soil micro-organisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:102-111. [PMID: 27691719 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1238298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tricholoma matsutake, a basidiomycete, forms ectomycorrhizas with Pinus densiflora as the host tree. Its fruiting body, "matsutake" in Japanese, is an edible and highly prized mushroom, and it grows in a circle called a fairy ring. Beneath the fairy ring of T. matsutake, a whitish mycelium-soil aggregated zone, called "shiro" in Japanese, develops. The front of the shiro, an active mycorrhizal zone, functions to gather nutrients from the soil and roots to nourish the fairy ring. Bacteria and sporulating fungi decrease from the shiro front, whereas they increase inside and outside the shiro front. Ohara demonstrated that the shiro front exhibited antimicrobial activity, but the antimicrobial substance has remained unidentified for 50 years. We have identified the antimicrobial substance as the (oxalato)aluminate complex, known as a reaction product of oxalic acid and aluminum phosphate to release soluble phosphorus. The complex protects the shiro from micro-organisms, and contributes to its development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misao Shiro
- a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Ryuki Okura
- a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Kazuya Oizumi
- a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Toru Fujita
- b Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture , Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center , Kameoka , Japan
| | | | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- c Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamada
- d Faculty of Agriculture , Shinshu University , Nagano , Japan
| | - Chihiro Tanaka
- a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Yamaguchi
- e Department of Applied Microbiology , Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Syuntaro Hiradate
- f Biodiversity Division , National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- a Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
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Shibuya T, Itagaki K, Ueyama S, Hirai N, Endo R. Atmospheric Humidity Influences Oviposition Rate of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) Through Morphological Responses of Host Cucumis sativus Leaves. J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:255-8. [PMID: 26511981 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of morphology of host cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., leaves acclimatized to different atmospheric humidity levels on oviposition by adult females of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Cucumber seedlings were grown at a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of 0.4, 1.9, or 3.0 kPa at 28°C (90%, 50%, or 20% relative humidity, respectively) in growth chambers until the second true leaves had expanded. Adult females of T. urticae were released on the adaxial surfaces of leaf squares cut from first and second true leaves in each treatment group, and held in the same humidity condition. Eggs were counted 2 d after release. The lower acclimatization humidity (higher VPD) increased trichome (leaf hair) density of the host leaves and oviposition rate, but the relationship between the trichome and oviposition differed between leaf positions. The leaf mass per area (LMA) was greater in first true leaves than in second true leaves, but was not influenced by VPD. A linear regression model with oviposition rate as the dependent variable and trichome density and LMA as independent variables showed that both variables influenced the oviposition rate approximately equally. We conclude that oviposition was accelerated under low humidity (high VPD) conditions indirectly probably through an increase in the trichome density of host leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shibuya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan (; ; ; ),
| | - K Itagaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan (; ; ; )
| | - S Ueyama
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - N Hirai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan (; ; ; )
| | - R Endo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan (; ; ; )
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12
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Shirotani N, Togawa M, Ikushiro S, Sakaki T, Harada T, Miyagawa H, Matsui M, Nagahori H, Mikata K, Nishioka K, Hirai N, Akamatsu M. Identification and in silico prediction of metabolites of the model compound, tebufenozide by human CYP3A4 and CYP2C19. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6594-601. [PMID: 26404412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The metabolites of tebufenozide, a model compound, formed by the yeast-expressed human CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 were identified to clarify the substrate recognition mechanism of the human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. We then determined whether tebufenozide metabolites may be predicted in silico. Hydrogen abstraction energies were calculated with the density functional theory method B3LYP/6-31G(∗). A docking simulation was performed using FRED software. Several alkyl sites of tebufenozide were hydroxylated by CYP3A4 whereas only one site was modified by CYP2C19. The accessibility of each site of tebufenozide to the reaction center of CYP enzymes and the susceptibility of each hydrogen atom for metabolism by CYP enzymes were evaluated by a docking simulation and hydrogen abstraction energy estimation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shirotani
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Moe Togawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180, Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180, Kurokawa, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Harada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hisashi Miyagawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Matsui
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd, 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nagahori
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd, 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mikata
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd, 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishioka
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd, 1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Miki Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Sakamoto Y, Hirai N, Tanikawa T, Yago M, Ishii M. Population genetic structure and Wolbachia infection in an endangered butterfly, Zizina emelina (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), in Japan. Bull Entomol Res 2015; 105:152-165. [PMID: 25499047 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zizina emelina (de l'Orza) is listed on Japan's Red Data List as an endangered species because of loss of its principal food plant and habitat. We compared parts of the mitochondrial and nuclear genes of this species to investigate the level of genetic differentiation among the 14 extant populations. We also examined infection of the butterfly with the bacterium Wolbachia to clarify the bacterium's effects on the host population's genetic structure. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses revealed that haplotype composition differed significantly among most of the populations, and the fixation index F ST was positively correlated with geographic distance. In addition, we found three strains of Wolbachia, one of which was a male killer; these strains were prevalent in several populations. There was linkage between some host mitochondrial haplotypes and the three Wolbachia strains, although no significant differences were found in a comparison of host mitochondrial genetic diversity with nuclear genetic diversity in Wolbachia-infected or -uninfected populations. These genetic analyses and Wolbachia infection findings show that Z. emelina has little migratory activity and that little gene flow occurs among the current populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sakamoto
- Entomological Laboratory,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Osaka Prefecture University,Sakai,Osaka 599-8531,Japan
| | - N Hirai
- Entomological Laboratory,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Osaka Prefecture University,Sakai,Osaka 599-8531,Japan
| | - T Tanikawa
- Entomological Laboratory,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Osaka Prefecture University,Sakai,Osaka 599-8531,Japan
| | - M Yago
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo,7-3-1 Hongo,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo 113-0033,Japan
| | - M Ishii
- Entomological Laboratory,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences,Osaka Prefecture University,Sakai,Osaka 599-8531,Japan
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14
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Iwabuchi S, Hayashi M, Yokouchi T, Sato K, Nakayama H, Harashina J, Iwama J, Ishii M, Hiramoto Y, Hirai N, Hirata Y, Saito N, Ito K, Kimura H, Aoki K. Prophylactic intra-arterial administration of fasudil hydrochloride for vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2015; 120:167-9. [PMID: 25366618 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04981-6_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated patients treated with prophylactic intra-arterial administration of fasudil hydrochloride (IAF) after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Between August 1998 and December 2012, 92 patients with aneurysmal SAH were treated with IAF for angiographic vasospasm without ischemic symptoms after their follow-up angiography. Patients comprised 50 women and 42 men, aged 24-83 (mean 56.6) years. IAF consisted of 15 mg of fasudil hydrochloride dissolved in 20 ml physiological saline and injected through a catheter during approximately 15 min, after diagnostic angiography. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge and ischemic lesions resulting from vasospasm were assessed on computed tomography (CT) scan at discharge. RESULTS Forty-eight patients underwent surgical clipping and 44 patients underwent endovascular coiling. Angiographic improvement was observed in all patients (100 %). At discharge, 76 (83.0 %) of 92 patients showed good recovery on GOS. Nine patients developed progression of delayed ischemic neurological deficits (DIND) and three of these patients had ischemic lesions on CT scans. No patient had any significant changes in vital signs or any other adverse effects resulting from IAF. CONCLUSION IAF therapy was safe and effective for patients with vasospasm following SAH. Prophylactic IAF therapy may prevent symptomatic vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwabuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-17-6 Ohashi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan,
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15
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Saito N, Aoki K, Hirai N, Ishii M, Tani M, Sato K, Nakayama H, Harashina J, Izukura H, Ito K, Sakurai T, Iwabuchi S. ET-50 * LEVETIRACETAM DOWNREGULATES O6-METHYLGUANINE DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE EXPRESSION AND SENSITIZES TEMOZOLOMIDE-RESISTANT GLIOMA CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou255.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Onoda T, Yamamoto R, Sawamura K, Murase H, Nambo Y, Inoue Y, Matsui A, Miyake T, Hirai N. An approach of estimating individual growth curves for young thoroughbred horses based on their birthdays. J Equine Sci 2014; 25:29-35. [PMID: 25013356 PMCID: PMC4090356 DOI: 10.1294/jes.25.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an approach of estimating individual growth curves based on the birthday information of Japanese Thoroughbred horses,
with considerations of the seasonal compensatory growth that is a typical characteristic of seasonal breeding animals. The
compensatory growth patterns appear during only the winter and spring seasons in the life of growing horses, and the meeting point
between winter and spring depends on the birthday of each horse. We previously developed new growth curve equations for Japanese
Thoroughbreds adjusting for compensatory growth. Based on the equations, a parameter denoting the birthday information was added
for the modeling of the individual growth curves for each horse by shifting the meeting points in the compensatory growth periods.
A total of 5,594 and 5,680 body weight and age measurements of Thoroughbred colts and fillies, respectively, and 3,770 withers
height and age measurements of both sexes were used in the analyses. The results of predicted error difference and Akaike
Information Criterion showed that the individual growth curves using birthday information better fit to the body weight and
withers height data than not using them. The individual growth curve for each horse would be a useful tool for the feeding
managements of young Japanese Thoroughbreds in compensatory growth periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Onoda
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuta Yamamoto
- The Japan Bloodhorse Breeders' Association, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
| | | | - Harutaka Murase
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Inoue
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyake
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Kondo S, Tomiyama H, Rodyoung A, Okawa K, Ohara H, Sugaya S, Terahara N, Hirai N. Abscisic acid metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis in grape skin are affected by light emitting diode (LED) irradiation at night. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:823-9. [PMID: 24877674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effects of blue and red light irradiation at night on abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and anthocyanin synthesis were examined in grape berries. The expressions of VlMYBA1-2, VlMYBA2, UDP-glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (VvUFGT), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (VvNCED1), and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (VvCYP707A1) were also investigated. Endogenous ABA, its metabolite phaseic acid (PA), and the expressions of VvNCED1 and VvCYP707A1 were highest in red light-emitting diode (LED)-treated skin. In contrast, anthocyanin concentrations were highest in blue LED-treated skin, followed by red LED treatment. However, the expressions of VlMYBA1-2, VlMYBA2, and VvUFGT did not necessarily coincide with anthocyanin concentrations. The quality of coloring may depend on the amount of malvidin-based anthocyanin, which increased toward harvest in blue and red LED-treated skin, unlike in untreated controls. An increase in sugars was also observed in blue and red LED-treated skin. These results suggest that blue LED irradiation at night may be effective in increasing anthocyanin and sugar concentrations in grape berries. However, there is evidence that another factor may influence anthocyanin concentrations in grape berry skin significantly more than endogenous ABA: ABA concentrations were highest in red LED-treated skin, which had lower anthocyanin concentrations than blue LED-treated skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kondo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tomiyama
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | | | - Katsuya Okawa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohara
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan
| | - Sumiko Sugaya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Norihiko Terahara
- Department of Food Science Technology, College of Horticulture, Minami-Kyushu University, Miyazaki 884, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Ebisui K, Ishihara A, Hirai N, Iwamura H. Occurrence of 2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and a β-Glucosidase Specific for Its Glucoside in Maize Seedlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-1998-9-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
2,4-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and its glucoside, DIMBOA - G, appeared concurrently with germination in maize (Zea mays L.), and their concentrations per fresh weight reached a maximum 24-36 hr after germination. The aglycone then decreased to disappear as the plants began autotrophic growth, and the glucoside to a concentration half that of the maximum. The level of DIMBOA-G was always higher than that of the aglycone. A β-glucosidase activity which hydrolyzes DIMBOA-G to DIMBOA and glucose was detected in crude enzyme extracts from the seedlings. Its activity per fresh weight varied concurrently with the occurrence of DIMBOA. The purification was performed to an apparent homogeneity by cryoprecipitation followed by cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The Km value for DIMBOA-G was 0.07 mᴍ, whereas that for DIBOA-G, that was substantially absent in the seedlings of the cultivar studied, was 0.52 mᴍ. The activity on salicin and esculin was too low to be detected. The set of results suggested that free DIMBOA occurs constitutively or in a programmed manner as defense compound at a seedling stage of growth, and a specific glucosidase is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenkichi Ebisui
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
| | - Hajime Iwamura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
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20
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Takeuchi J, Okamoto M, Akiyama T, Muto T, Yajima S, Sue M, Seo M, Kanno Y, Kamo T, Endo A, Nambara E, Hirai N, Ohnishi T, Cutler SR, Todoroki Y. Designed abscisic acid analogs as antagonists of PYL-PP2C receptor interactions. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:477-82. [PMID: 24792952 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is critical for several abiotic stress responses. ABA signaling is normally repressed by group-A protein phosphatases 2C (PP2Cs), but stress-induced ABA binds Arabidopsis PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYL) receptors, which then bind and inhibit PP2Cs. X-ray structures of several receptor-ABA complexes revealed a tunnel above ABA's 3' ring CH that opens at the PP2C binding interface. Here, ABA analogs with sufficiently long 3' alkyl chains were predicted to traverse this tunnel and block PYL-PP2C interactions. To test this, a series of 3'-alkylsulfanyl ABAs were synthesized with different alkyl chain lengths. Physiological, biochemical and structural analyses revealed that a six-carbon alkyl substitution produced a potent ABA antagonist that was sufficiently active to block multiple stress-induced ABA responses in vivo. This study provides a new approach for the design of ABA analogs, and the results validated structure-based design for this target class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takeuchi
- 1] Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [2]
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- 1] Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. [2] Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA. [3]
| | - Tomonori Akiyama
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Muto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yajima
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sue
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsunashi Kamo
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- 1] Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [2]
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ohnishi
- 1] Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [2] Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sean R Cutler
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- 1] Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [2] Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan. [3] Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Inomata M, Hirai N, Yoshida R, Ohigashi H. Biosynthesis of Abscisic Acid by the Direct PathwayviaIonylideneethane in a Fungus,Cercospora cruenta. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 68:2571-80. [PMID: 15618629 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.68.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined the biosynthetic pathway of abscisic acid (ABA) after isopentenyl diphosphate in a fungus, Cercospora cruenta. All oxygen atoms at C-1, -1, -1', and -4' of ABA produced by this fungus were labeled with (18)O from (18)O(2). The fungus did not produce the 9Z-carotenoid possessing gamma-ring that is likely a precursor for the carotenoid pathway, but produced new sesquiterpenoids, 2E,4E-gamma-ionylideneethane and 2Z,4E-gamma-ionylideneethane, along with 2E,4E,6E-allofarnesene. The fungus converted these sesquiterpenoids labeled with (13)C to ABA, and the incorporation ratio of 2Z,4E-gamma-ionylideneethane was higher than that of 2E,4E-gamma-ionylideneethane. From these results, we concluded that C. cruenta biosynthesized ABA by the direct pathway via oxidation of ionylideneethane with molecular oxygen following cyclization of allofarnesene. This direct pathway via ionylideneethane in the fungus is consistent with that in Botrytis cinerea, except for the positions of double bonds in the rings of biosynthetic intermediates, suggesting that the pathway is common among ABA-producing fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Inomata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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22
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Saito S, Okamoto M, Shinoda S, Kushiro T, Koshiba T, Kamiya Y, Hirai N, Todoroki Y, Sakata K, Nambara E, Mizutani M. A Plant Growth Retardant, Uniconazole, Is a Potent Inhibitor of ABA Catabolism inArabidopsis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:1731-9. [PMID: 16819156 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth retardants (PGRs) reduce the shoot growth of plants by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis. In this study, we performed detailed analyses of the inhibitory effects of PGRs on Arabidopsis abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase, a major ABA catabolic enzyme, recently identified as CYP707As. In an in vitro assay with CYP707A3 microsomes expressed in insect cells, uniconazole-P inhibited CYP707A3 activity more effectively than paclobutrazol or tetcyclacis, whereas the other PGRs tested did not inhibit it significantly. Uniconazole-P was found to be a strong competitive inhibitor (K(i)=8.0 nM) of ABA 8'-hydroxylase. Uniconazole-P-treated Arabidopsis plants showed enhanced drought tolerance. In uniconazole-P-treated plants, endogenous ABA levels increased 2-fold as compared with the control, and co-application of GA(4) did not suppress the effects, indicating that the effects were not due to gibberellin deficiency. Thus uniconazole-P effectively inhibits ABA catabolism in Arabidopsis plants. We also discuss the structure-activity relationship of the azole-type compounds on ABA 8'-hydroxylase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Saito
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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23
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Onoda T, Yamamoto R, Sawamura K, Murase H, Nambo Y, Inoue Y, Matsui A, Miyake T, Hirai N. Empirical Percentile Growth Curves with Z-scores Considering Seasonal Compensatory Growths for Japanese Thoroughbred Horses. J Equine Sci 2013; 24:63-9. [PMID: 24834004 PMCID: PMC4013990 DOI: 10.1294/jes.24.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Percentile growth curves are often used as a clinical indicator to evaluate variations of children's growth status. In this study, we propose empirical percentile growth curves using Z-scores adapted for Japanese Thoroughbred horses, with considerations of the seasonal compensatory growth that is a typical characteristic of seasonal breeding animals. We previously developed new growth curve equations for Japanese Thoroughbreds adjusting for compensatory growth. Individual horses and residual effects were included as random effects in the growth curve equation model and their variance components were estimated. Based on the Z-scores of the estimated variance components, empirical percentile growth curves were constructed. A total of 5,594 and 5,680 body weight and age measurements of male and female Thoroughbreds, respectively, and 3,770 withers height and age measurements were used in the analyses. The developed empirical percentile growth curves using Z-scores are computationally feasible and useful for monitoring individual growth parameters of body weight and withers height of young Thoroughbred horses, especially during compensatory growth periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Onoda
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuta Yamamoto
- The Japan Bloodhorse Breeders' Association, 4-5-4 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kyohei Sawamura
- JRA Facilities Co. Ltd., 4-5-4 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
| | - Harutaka Murase
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13 Nissha, Urakawa-cho, Hidaka, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13 Nissha, Urakawa-cho, Hidaka, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Inoue
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13 Nissha, Urakawa-cho, Hidaka, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyake
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Onoda T, Yamamoto R, Sawamura K, Inoue Y, Murase H, Nambo Y, Tozaki T, Matsui A, Miyake T, Hirai N. Empirical growth curve estimation considering multiple seasonal compensatory growths of body weights in Japanese Thoroughbred colts and fillies. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:5599-604. [PMID: 24085406 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoroughbred horses are seasonal mating animals, and their foals are born yearly in spring seasons. In northern regions or countries, the foals generally show a typical seasonal compensatory growth pattern, where their growth rate declines in winter and increases in the next spring. In this study, a new empirical approach is proposed to adjust for this compensatory growth when growth curve equations are estimated, by using BW of Japanese Thoroughbred colts and fillies raised in Hidaka, Hokkaido. Based on the traditional Richards growth curve equation, new growth curve equations were developed and fit to the weight-age data. The foals generally experience 2 major winter seasons before their debut in horseracing. The new equations had sigmoid subfunctions that can empirically adjust the first and second year compensatory growths, combined with the Richards biological parameter responsible for the maturity of animals. The unknown parameters included in the equations were estimated by SAS NLMIXED procedure. The goodness-of-fit was examined by using several indices of goodness-of-fit (i.e., Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, -2 log likelihood, and residual sum of squares) for the multiple applications of the subfunctions. The indices indicated the best fit of the new equations including both subfunctions for the first and second compensatory growths to the weight-age data. The shapes of the growth curves were improved during the periods of compensatory growth. The proposed method is one of the useful approaches for adjusting multiple seasonal compensatory growths in growth curve estimations of Thoroughbreds and for the management of young horses during the compensatory periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Onoda
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Hagiwara A, Wullur S, Hirai N, Sakakura Y. Euryhaline rotifer Proales similis as initial live food for rearing fish larvae with small mouths. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:173-174. [PMID: 25141658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Kataoka A, Nishida T, Hirai N, Tomioka Y, Sugiyama T, Yakushiji M. Induction of apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cell line by glucocorticoids, and sex steroid hormones. Oncol Rep 2012; 4:1249-53. [PMID: 21590231 DOI: 10.3892/or.4.6.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interactions in the KOC-2s human ovarian cancer cells on the effect of glucocorticoids, and sex steroid hormones in ovarian carcinomas. At 10(-8) M to 10(-5) M, dexamethasone (Dex) decreased the number of cells by 75-80% (p<0.001). At 10(-8) M and 10(-7) M, hydrocortisone (HC) decreased the number by 50% (p<0.01); at 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M, the decrease in number of cells was 65%. The E-2 decrease in number was not statistically significant. Progesterone (PG) showed at 10(-8) to 10(-6) M an increase in number of cells, however, at 10(-5) M it was decreased by 70% with a significant difference (p<0.001). Dex (10(-8)-10(-5) M), HC (10(-8)-10(-5) M) and PG (10(-5) M) produced internucleosomal cleavage of DNA into fragments with multiples of 180 to 200 bp. The TNF-alpha with addition of Dex (10(-8)-10(-5) M) and HC (10(-8)-10(-5) M) was increased after 24 h, 48 h (p<0.001); however, gradually decrease after 72 h. When PG (10(-8)-10(-5) M) was added, PG (10(-5) M) increased the secretion of TNF-alpha after 72 h. Our findings demonstrate that glucocorticoids, and PG directly induce apoptotic DNA fragmentation of KOC-2s cells. However, the secretion of TNF-alpha and expression of Fas antigen were totally different in these substances. These data provide a basis for future studies on the mechanisms of apoptotic effect of glucocorticoids, and PG and the therapeutic effects of these substances.
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Ueda A, Hosokawa A, Ogawa K, Kamuro A, Yoshita H, Nakada N, Andou T, Kajiura S, Tsukioka Y, Kobayashi T, Horikawa N, Nishida Y, Hirai N, Terada M, Sugiyama T. Non-Randomized Comparison between Irinotecan–Mitomycin C and Irinotecan alone in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Refractory to Fluoropyrimidine and Platinum. Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)32460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Hirai N, Iwami K, Horiuchi M, Kano K, Todoroki Y, Ohigashi H. Electrolytic reduction of abscisic acid methyl ester and its free acid. Phytochemistry 2012; 80:89-98. [PMID: 22621775 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA, 1), a plant hormone, has electrophilicity derived almost entirely from the side-chain, 3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid. The electrochemical property of ABA was investigated by analysis of its cathodic reaction. ABA methyl ester (1-Me) was reduced at a peak potential of -1.6 V to give a unique and unstable bicyclic compound (5-Me) as a major product at pH 3 and 7. This finding showed that an electron was absorbed in the conjugated dienecarboxyl group, and that C-5 with a high electron density attacked C-2' through an intramolecular nucleophilic addition. At pH 10, in addition to 5-Me, a compound 4-Me was formed by isomerization of 5-Me under alkaline conditions. For a cathodic reaction of ABA at pH 3 and 7, compound 5 was a major product as well as in the case of ABA methyl ester. However, at pH 10, a dimer (6) with an epoxy group, 1'-deoxy-ABA (7) and other compounds were formed instead of compounds 4 and 5. Compounds 4 and 5 were biologically inactive, suggesting the importance of the electrophilic side-chain of ABA for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Okazaki M, Kittikorn M, Ueno K, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Kondo S, Ohnishi T, Todoroki Y. Abscinazole-E2B, a practical and selective inhibitor of ABA 8′-hydroxylase CYP707A. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3162-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kondo S, Sugaya S, Sugawa S, Ninomiya M, Kittikorn M, Okawa K, Ohara H, Ueno K, Todoroki Y, Mizutani M, Hirai N. Dehydration tolerance in apple seedlings is affected by an inhibitor of ABA 8'-hydroxylase CYP707A. J Plant Physiol 2012; 169:234-41. [PMID: 22024733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of an abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase inhibitor (Abz-F1) on ABA catabolism, stomatal aperture, and water potential were examined in apple seedlings under dehydration and rehydration conditions. In this study, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxigenase (MdNCED) and ABA 8'-hydroxylase (MdCYP707A) genes were isolated and their expressions were investigated under dehydration and rehydration conditions. The stomatal aperture decreased up to 4 h after spraying with Abz-F1 and the stomatal aperture in the Abz-F1-treated leaves was generally lower than that in the untreated control-leaves during the dehydration condition. Although the water potential in untreated control-leaves decreased with the progress of dehydration, it was maintained at a higher level in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves than in the untreated control-leaves during dehydration. Endogenous ABA concentrations increased with dehydration in both the Abz-F1 treated- and untreated-control-leaves, but the ABA levels in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were higher than those in the untreated control-leaves throughout dehydration. In contrast, the phaseic acid (PA) concentrations in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were lower than those in the untreated control-leaves during dehydration. The expressions of MdNCEDs in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were lower than those in the untreated control-leaves regardless of the higher endogenous ABA concentrations. Moreover, the expressions of MdCYP707As in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves were also lower than those in the untreated control-leaves. Higher 50% effective concentrations (EC(50)) and ascorbic acid concentrations were observed in the Abz-F1 treated-leaves, which show that the oxidative damage under dehydration may be reduced by Abz-F1 application. These results suggest that prompt stomata closure is required for survival under dehydration, and Abz-F1 application may therefore be of practical use. The increase of endogenous ABA, which induced prompt stomata closure in Abz-F1 treated-leaves may depend on inhibition of the expression of MdCYP707As. Furthermore, the results showed the close relationship between MdNCEDs and MdCYP707As on ABA catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kondo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo 271-8510, Japan.
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Onoda T, Yamamoto R, Sawamura K, Inoue Y, Matsui A, Miyake T, Hirai N. Empirical Growth Curve Estimation Using Sigmoid Sub-functions that Adjust Seasonal Compensatory Growth for Male Body Weight of Thoroughbred Horses. J Equine Sci 2011; 22:37-42. [PMID: 24833986 PMCID: PMC4013972 DOI: 10.1294/jes.22.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoroughbred horses are seasonal mating animals, raised in northern regions or countries.
Foals born yearly in spring generally show a typical seasonal compensatory growth pattern,
in which their growth rate declines in the first winter and increases in the next spring.
In this study, a new empirical adjustment approach is proposed to adjust for this
compensatory growth when growth curve equations are estimated, by using 1,633 male body
weights of Thoroughbreds as an illustrating example. Based on general Richards growth
curve equation, a new growth curve equation was developed and fit to the weight-age data.
The new growth curve equation had a sigmoid sub-function that can adjust the compensatory
growth, combined with the Richards biological parameter responsible for the maturity of
animals. The unknown parameters included in the equations were estimated by SAS NLMIXED
procedure. The goodness of fit was examined by using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC).
The AIC values decreased from 13,053 (general Richards equation) to 12,794 (the newly
developed equation), indicating the better fit of the new equation to the weight-age data.
The shape of the growth curve was improved during the period of compensatory growth. The
proposed method is one of the useful approaches for adjusting seasonal compensatory growth
in growth curve estimations for Thoroughbreds, and for their management during the
compensatory period. Based on this approach, the optimal growth curve equations can be
estimated also for female body weight of Thoroughbreds or other growth traits affected by
seasonal compensatory growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Onoda
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuta Yamamoto
- The Japan Bloodhorse Breeders' Association, 4-5-4 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kyohei Sawamura
- JRA Facilities Co. Ltd., 4-5-4 Shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Inoue
- Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 535-13 Nissha, Urakawa-cho, Hidaka, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Akira Matsui
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyake
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Comparative Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Okazaki M, Nimitkeatkai H, Muramatsu T, Aoyama H, Ueno K, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Kondo S, Ohnishi T, Todoroki Y. Abscinazole-E1, a novel chemical tool for exploring the role of ABA 8'-hydroxylase CYP707A. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:406-13. [PMID: 21115253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed abscinazole-E1 (Abz-E1), a specific inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A). This inhibitor was designed and synthesized as an enlarged analogue of uniconazole (UNI), a well-known plant growth retardant, which inhibits a gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme (ent-kaurene oxidase, CYP701A) as well as CYP707A. Our results showed that Abz-E1 functions as a potent inhibitor of CYP707A and a poor inhibitor of CYP701A both in vitro and in vivo. Abz-E1 application to plants resulted in improved desiccation tolerance and an increase in endogenous ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Okazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Todoroki Y, Naiki K, Aoyama H, Shirakura M, Ueno K, Mizutani M, Hirai N. Selectivity improvement of an azole inhibitor of CYP707A by replacing the monosubstituted azole with a disubstituted azole. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5506-9. [PMID: 20692835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The plant growth-retardant uniconazole (UNI), a triazole inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthetic enzyme (CYP701A), inhibits multiple P450 enzymes including ABA 8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A), a key enzyme in ABA catabolism. Azole P450 inhibitors bind to a P450 active site by both coordinating to the heme-iron atom via sp2 nitrogen and interacting with surrounding protein residues through a lipophilic region. We hypothesized that poor selectivity of UNI may result from adopting a distinct conformation and orientation for different active sites. Based on this hypothesis, we designed and synthesized novel UNI analogs with a disubstituted azole ring (DSI). These analogs were expected to have higher selectivity than UNI because the added functional group may interact with the active site to restrict orientation of the molecule in the active site. DSI-505ME and DSI-505MZ, which have an imidazolyl group with a methyl 5-acrylate, strongly inhibited recombinant CYP707A3, with no growth-retardant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Todoroki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Abstract
The load-strain and stress-relaxation behavior of wet rat tail tendon has been examined with respect to the parameters strain, rate of straining, and temperature. It is found that this mechanical behavior is reproducible after resting the tendon for a few minutes after each extension so long as the strain does not exceed about 4 per cent. If this strain is exceeded, the tendon becomes progressively easier to extend but its length still returns to the original value after each extension. Extensions of over 35 per cent can be reached in this way. Temperature has no effect upon the mechanical behavior over the range 0–37°C. Just above this temperature, important changes take place in the mechanical properties of the tendon which may have biological significance. The application of the techniques used here to studies of connective tissue disorders is suggested. Some of the mechanical properties of tendon have been interpreted with a simple model.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Rigby
- Department of Chemistry and the Department of Experimental Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Shibuya T, Hirai N, Sakamoto Y, Komuro J. Effects of morphological characteristics of Cucumis sativus seedlings grown at different vapor pressure deficits on initial colonization of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). J Econ Entomol 2009; 102:2265-2267. [PMID: 20069856 DOI: 10.1603/029.102.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of morphological characteristics of cucumber, Cucumis sativus L., seedlings grown at different vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) on initial colonization of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B. The seedlings were grown at a VPD of 3.8 or 0.4 kPa for 9 d at 30 degrees C under a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. Pairs of seedlings, one grown at high VPD and the other at low VPD, were then installed in cages with a VPD of 1.3 kPa, and adults of B. tabaci between 150 and 200 were released. Leaves of high-VPD seedlings had fewer B. tabaci than those of low-VPD seedlings 24 h after release. They also had higher relative chlorophyll content, were thicker and tougher, and had abaxial trichomes with higher density. Water stress caused by the high VPD probably decreased the initial colonization of B. tabaci through changes in these leaf morphological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shibuya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
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Todoroki Y, Aoyama H, Hiramatsu S, Shirakura M, Nimitkeatkai H, Kondo S, Ueno K, Mizutani M, Hirai N. Enlarged analogues of uniconazole, new azole containing inhibitors of ABA 8′-hydroxylase CYP707A. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5782-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kajikawa M, Hirai N, Hashimoto T. A PIP-family protein is required for biosynthesis of tobacco alkaloids. Plant Mol Biol 2009; 69:287-98. [PMID: 19002761 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-008-9424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants in the Nicotiana genus produce nicotine and related pyridine alkaloids as a part of their chemical defense against insect herbivores. These alkaloids are formed by condensation of a derivative of nicotinic acid, but the enzyme(s) involved in the final condensation step remains elusive. In Nicotiana tabacum, an orphan reductase A622 and its close homolog A622L are coordinately expressed in the root, upregulated by methyl jasmonate treatment, and controlled by the NIC regulatory loci specific to the biosynthesis of tobacco alkaloids. Conditional suppression of A622 and A622L by RNA interference inhibited cell growth, severely decreased the formation of all tobacco alkaloids, and concomitantly induced an accumulation of nicotinic acid beta-N-glucoside, a probable detoxification metabolite of nicotinic acid, in both hairy roots and methyl jasmonate-elicited cultured cells of tobacco. N-methylpyrrolinium cation, a precursor of the pyrrolidine moiety of nicotine, also accumulated in the A622(L)-knockdown hairy roots. We propose that the tobacco A622-like reductases of the PIP family are involved in either the formation of a nicotinic acid-derived precursor or the final condensation reaction of tobacco alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kajikawa
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
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Todoroki Y, Kobayashi K, Yoneyama H, Hiramatsu S, Jin MH, Watanabe B, Mizutani M, Hirai N. Structure-activity relationship of uniconazole, a potent inhibitor of ABA 8'-hydroxylase, with a focus on hydrophilic functional groups and conformation. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:3141-52. [PMID: 18164621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Revised: 12/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The plant growth retardant S-(+)-uniconazole (UNI-OH) is a strong inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) 8'-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the catabolism of ABA, a plant hormone involved in stress tolerance, stomatal closure, flowering, seed dormancy, and other physiological events. In the present study, we focused on the two polar sites of UNI-OH and synthesized 3- and 2''-modified analogs. Conformational analysis and an in vitro enzyme inhibition assay yielded new findings on the structure-activity relationship of UNI-OH: (1) by substituting imidazole for triazole, which increases affinity to heme iron, we identified a more potent compound, IMI-OH; (2) the polar group at the 3-position increases affinity for the active site by electrostatic or hydrogen-bonding interactions; (3) the conformer preference for a polar environment partially contributes to affinity for the active site. These findings should be useful for designing potent azole-containing specific inhibitors of ABA 8'-hydroxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Todoroki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Kamo T, Endo M, Sato M, Kasahara R, Yamaya H, Hiradate S, Fujii Y, Hirai N, Hirota M. Limited distribution of natural cyanamide in higher plants: occurrence in Vicia villosa subsp. varia, V. cracca, and Robinia pseudo-acacia. Phytochemistry 2008; 69:1166-72. [PMID: 18160082 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanamide (NH2CN) has recently been proven to be a natural product, although it has been synthesized for over 100 years for agricultural and industrial purposes. The distribution of natural cyanamide appears to be limited, as indicated by our previous investigation of 101 weed species. In the present study, to investigate the distribution of natural cyanamide in Vicia species, we monitored the cyanamide contents in V. villosa subsp. varia, V. cracca, and V. amoena during their pre-flowering and flowering seasons. It was confirmed that V. cracca was superior to V. villosa subsp. varia in accumulating natural cyanamide, and that V. amoena was unable to biosynthesize this compound under laboratory condition examined. The localization of cyanamide in the leaves of V. villosa subsp. varia seedlings was also clarified. In a screening study to find cyanamide-biosynthesizing plants, only Robinia pseudo-acacia was found to contain cyanamide among 452 species of higher plants. We have investigated 553 species to date, but have so far found the ability to biosynthesize cyanamide in only three species, V. villosa subsp. varia, V. cracca and R. pseudo-acacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunashi Kamo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan.
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Shimomura H, Etoh H, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Todoroki Y. Effect of the minor ABA metabolite 7′-hydroxy-ABA on Arabidopsis ABA 8′-hydroxylase CYP707A3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4977-81. [PMID: 17582765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of the minor abscisic acid (ABA) metabolite 7'-hydroxy-ABA on Arabidopsis ABA 8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A3), we developed a novel and facile, four-step synthesis of 7'-hydroxy-ABA from alpha-ionone. Structural analogues of 7'-hydroxy-ABA, 1'-deoxy-7'-hydroxy-ABA, and 7'-oxo-ABA were also synthesized to evaluate the role of the 7'-hydroxyl group on binding to the enzyme. The result of enzyme inhibition assay suggests that the local polarity at C-7', neither steric bulkiness nor overall molecular hydrophilicity, would be the major reason why (+)-7'-hydroxy-ABA is not a potent inhibitor of CYP707A3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shimomura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Makangara JJ, Hirai N, Inomata M, Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Rufforone: A New Styrylpyrone from Sanrafaelia ruffonammari. Nat Prod Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new styrylpyrone, 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (1), together with two known styrylpyrones, 6-(7,8-epoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (2) and 6-(7,8-dihydroxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Sanrafaelia ruffonammari Verdc. 6-(7,8-Epoxystyryl)-4-methoxypyran-2-one exhibited high inhibitory activity to interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide generation in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas the other two showed no activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Makangara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Nobuhiro Hirai
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Masahiro Inomata
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hajime Ohigashi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Life Sciences, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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Ueno K, Yoneyama H, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Todoroki Y. Asymmetrical ligand binding by abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6311-22. [PMID: 17582774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant stress hormone, has a chiral center (C1') in its molecule, yielding the enantiomers (1'S)-(+)-ABA and (1'R)-(-)-ABA during chemical synthesis. ABA 8'-hydroxylase (CYP707A), which is the major and key P450 enzyme in ABA catabolism in plants, catalyzes naturally occurring (1'S)-(+)-enantiomer, whereas it does not recognize naturally not occurring (1'R)-(-)-enantiomer as either a substrate or an inhibitor. Here we report a structural ABA analogue (AHI1), whose both enantiomers bind to recombinant Arabidopsis CYP707A3, in spite of stereo-structural similarity to ABA. The difference of AHI1 from ABA is the absence of the side-chain methyl group (C6) and lack of the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl (C2'C3'-C4'O) in the six-membered ring. To explore which moiety is responsible for asymmetrical binding by CYP707A3, we synthesized and tested ABA analogues that lacked each moiety. Competitive inhibition was observed for the (1'R) enantiomers of these analogues in the potency order of (1'R,2'R)-(-)-2',3'-dihydro-4'-deoxo-ABA (K(I)=0.45 microM)>(1'R)-(-)-4'-oxo-ABA (K(I)=27 microM)>(1'R)-(-)-6-nor-ABA and (1'R,2'R)-(-)-2',3'-dihydro-ABA (no inhibition). In contrast to the (1'R)-enantiomers, the inhibition potency of the (1'S)-analogues declined with the saturation of the C2',C3'-double bond or with the elimination of the C4'-oxo moiety. These findings suggest that the C4'-oxo moiety coupled with the C2',C3'-double bond is the significant key functional group by which ABA 8'-hydroxylase distinguishes (1'S)-(+)-ABA from (1'R)-(-)-ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotomi Ueno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Hieda M, Toyota N, Kakizawa H, Hirai N, Tachikake T, Yahiro Y, Iwasaki Y, Horiguchi J, Ito K. Endovascular therapy for massive haemothorax caused by ruptured extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm with neurofibromatosis Type 1. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:e81-4. [PMID: 17551167 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/47379807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm is uncommon, and the common cause is penetrating trauma. Rupture of extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm into the thoracic cavity is extremely rare and fatal due to haemorrhagic shock by massive haemothorax. We report an intrathoracic rupture of the extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm with neurofibromatosis Type 1, successfully treated by coil and liquid embolisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hieda
- Department of Radiology, Division of Medical Intelligence and Informatics, Programs for Applied Biomedicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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44
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Hattori Y, Horikawa KH, Makabe H, Hirai N, Hirota M, Kamo T. A refined method for determining the absolute configuration of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl group. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kakizawa H, Toyota N, Arihiro K, Naito A, Fujimura Y, Hieda M, Hirai N, Tachikake T, Matsuura N, Murakami Y, Itamoto T, Ito K. Preoperative portal vein embolization with a mixture of gelatin sponge and iodized oil: efficacy and safety. Acta Radiol 2006; 47:1022-8. [PMID: 17135003 DOI: 10.1080/02841850600979063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether portal vein embolization (PVE) using a mixture of gelatin sponge (GS) pieces and iodized oil is safe and effective in inducing hypertrophy of the future liver remnants (FLR). MATERIAL AND METHODS PVE was performed in 14 patients (eight male and six female, mean age 65 years, range 35-81 years) diagnosed with malignant liver tumor before surgery, whose FLR volumes were judged too small to allow for safe resection. Liver volume change, biochemical data change, complications related to PVE, and postoperative complications were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS PVE was successful in all patients, and there were no procedural complications. Absolute FLR volume and FLR/total liver volume (TLV) ratio increased by 102 cm3 and 8% (mean values), respectively. Planned hepatectomies were cancelled in three patients due to extrahepatic metastasis or bile duct infection. Five of the 11 patients (45%) who underwent hepatectomies had major postoperative complications. However, complications due to hepatic failure were not seen. In 10 patients, except one whose outcome was fatal outcome, the mean hospitalization days with and without major complications were 73 and 33 days, respectively. CONCLUSION PVE using a mixture of GS and iodized oil seems to be effective and safe in inducing hypertrophy of the FLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kakizawa
- Department of Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Hashimoto N, Inayama M, Fujishima M, Ho H, Shinkai M, Hirai N, Kawanishi K, Imano M, Shigeoka H, Imamoto H, Shiozaki H. Esophageal cancer after distal gastrectomy. Dis Esophagus 2006; 19:346-9. [PMID: 16984530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2006.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of gastrectomy on the subsequent development of esophageal cancer was investigated. Duodenogastroesophageal reflux is thought to be common in patients after distal gastrectomy, but whether this contributes to the development of esophageal cancer in such patients is controversial. We retrospectively evaluated 153 patients who underwent subtotal esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer between January 2002 and July 2005. They were divided into two groups, according to whether or not they had previously undergone a gastrectomy: group 1, comprising 14 patients who had undergone gastrectomy and group 2, comprising 139 patients who had not. Clinical profiles of the patients were obtained from the medical records and the whole resected esophagus was histopathologically examined. The interval between gastrectomy and esophagectomy in group 1 was significantly shorter in the patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric cancer (10.5 +/- 4.2 years) than in those who had undergone gastrectomy for a peptic ulcer (28.9 +/- 3.0 years). The interval was also somehow shorter in the patients for whom anastomosis had been performed by Billroth I (21.3 +/- 5.6 years) compared with Billroth II (29.7 +/- 3.2 years), although the difference did not reach its statistical significance (P = 0.11). Moreover, the proportion of lower third tumors in patients after gastrectomy was significantly higher compared with that of the patients with intact stomach. These findings suggest that a history of gastrectomy is associated with more lower-third squamous cell esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hashimoto
- Department of Surgery, Kinki University, Osaka Sayama, Osaka, Japan.
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Araki Y, Miyawaki A, Miyashita T, Mizutani M, Hirai N, Todoroki Y. A new non-azole inhibitor of ABA 8′-hydroxylase: Effect of the hydroxyl group substituted for geminal methyl groups in the six-membered ring. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:3302-5. [PMID: 16563759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized AHI4 that has an axial hydroxyl group instead of geminal methyl groups at C-6' of AHI1, previously reported as a lead compound for the development of non-azole inhibitors of ABA 8'-hydroxylase. (+)-AHI4 competitively inhibited 8'-hydroxylation of ABA by recombinant CYP707A3. The K(I) value was found to be 0.14 microM, 10-fold less than that of (+)-AHI1, suggesting that enzyme affinity increased by a factor of 10 due to substitution of the hydroxyl group by the geminal methyls at C-6'. This finding should assist in the design of more effective, non-azole ABA 8'-hydroxylase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Araki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eyring
- DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eyring
- DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
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50
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Okamoto M, Kuwahara A, Seo M, Kushiro T, Asami T, Hirai N, Kamiya Y, Koshiba T, Nambara E. CYP707A1 and CYP707A2, which encode abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylases, are indispensable for proper control of seed dormancy and germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2006; 141:97-107. [PMID: 16543410 PMCID: PMC1459320 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.079475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) levels are regulated by both biosynthesis and catabolism of the hormone. ABA 8'-hydroxylase is considered to be the key catabolic enzyme in many physiological processes. We have previously identified that four members of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CYP707A gene family (CYP707A1 to CYP707A4) encode ABA 8'-hydroxylases, and that the cyp707a2 mutants showed an increase in ABA levels in dry and imbibed seeds. In this study, we showed that the cyp707a1 mutant accumulated ABA to higher levels in dry seeds than the cyp707a2 mutant. Expression analysis showed that the CYP707A1 was expressed predominantly during mid-maturation and was down-regulated during late-maturation. Concomitantly, the CYP707A2 transcript levels increased from late-maturation to mature dry seed. Phenotypic analysis of single and double cyp707a mutants indicates that the CYP707A1 is important for reducing ABA levels during mid-maturation. On the other hand, CYP707A2 is responsible for the regulation of ABA levels from late-maturation to germination. Moreover, CYP707A1 and CYP707A3 were also shown to be involved in postgermination growth. Spatial expression analysis suggests that CYP707A1 was expressed predominantly in embryo during mid-maturation, whereas CYP707A2 expression was detected in both embryo and endosperm from late-maturation to germination. Our results demonstrate that each CYP707A gene plays a distinct role during seed development and postgermination growth.
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