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Hirano T, Taga T, Yamasaki K, Matsuda T, Yasukawa K, Hirata Y, Yawata H, Tanabe O, Akira S, Kishimoto T. Molecular cloning of the cDNAs for interleukin-6/B cell stimulatory factor 2 and its receptor. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 557:167-78, discussion 178-80. [PMID: 2786692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hirano
- Division of Cellular Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
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Matsuda T, Suematsu S, Kawano M, Yoshizaki K, Tang B, Tanabe O, Nakajima T, Akira S, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. IL-6/BSF2 in normal and abnormal regulation of immune responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 557:466-76; discussion 476-7. [PMID: 2786703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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3
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Tanabe O, Hirata D, Usui H, Nishito Y, Miyakawa T, Igarashi K, Takeda M. Fission yeast homologues of the B' subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: multiple roles in mitotic cell division and functional interaction with calcineurin. Genes Cells 2001; 6:455-73. [PMID: 11380623 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase distributed in eukaryotes from yeast to human, and plays pivotal roles in diverse cellular functions such as metabolism, cell cycle progression, gene expression and development. PP2A holoenzyme is a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit C and a regulatory subunit A, or a heterotrimer of C, A and a variable regulatory subunit consisting of three families; B, B', and PR72. Specific functions for each variable subunit are not well understood. RESULTS Two fission yeast genes pbp1+ and pbp2+ homologous to the regulatory subunit B' were isolated. Physical in vivo interaction of the gene products with the catalytic subunit was demonstrated. A double disruption haploid mutant (Deltapbp1Deltapbp2) showed growth defect, cell shape and size abnormality, multiseptation and anucleated cell formation due to abnormality in septum positioning. These phenotypes were suppressed by human B' cDNA, indicating the striking conservation of the B' function from yeast to human. Over-expression of fission yeast B' led to growth defects, a loss of cell shape polarity, septal abnormality and anucleated cell formation. Deltapbp1Deltapbp2 and pbp1 null haploids were hypersensitive to calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporin A and FK506, with which the mutants underwent arrest at post-anaphase and cell lysis. Double disruption of calcineurin and pbp1+, but not pbp2+, genes led to synthetic lethality. CONCLUSION The fission yeast B' subunit of PP2A plays critical roles in cell shape control and septum formation, and shares essential functions with calcineurin for viability, possibly through their roles in cytokinesis and cell wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Shimizu A, Tanabe O, Anzai C, Uchida K, Tada H, Yoshimura K. Detection of measles virus genome in bronchoalveolar lavage cells in a patient with measles pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2000; 15:619-22. [PMID: 10759462 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15.31.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Measles is frequently complicated with pneumonia that could be fatal in numerous occasions. However, a prompt and precise diagnosis of measles is not easily made particularly in the early stage of the disease, or in immunocompromised individuals because of the lack of typical clinical features or the defect in antigen-specific antibody production. In the present paper, we describe a 27-yr-old male who developed fever, skin rash typical of measles, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates associated with respiratory failure. Infection of lung cells with measles virus was proved by detection of viral genome ribonucleic acid within alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification. These techniques may offer a useful tool to make the swift and precise diagnosis of measles pneumonia, thus allowing appropriate therapeutic approaches to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shimizu
- Dept of Gene Therapy, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Inoue R, Usui H, Tanabe O, Nishito Y, Shimizu M, Takeda M. Studies on functions of the 63-kDa A- and 74-kDa B'(delta)-regulatory subunits in human erythrocyte protein phosphatase 2A: dissociation and reassociation of the subunits. J Biochem 1999; 126:1127-35. [PMID: 10578065 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterodimeric form, CA, of protein-serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) 2A purified from human erythrocytes was dissociated into a 34-kDa catalytic subunit C and 63-kDa inactive subunit A by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration in the presence of 6 M urea. Reassociation of the C- and A-subunits in the absence of urea suppressed the PP activity of the C subunit toward phosphorylase a, P-H2B histone, and P-H1 histone in the presence or absence of 20 mM MnCl(2) or 50 mM Mg(CH(3)COO)(2), but stimulated the PP activity toward P-H1 histone in the presence of 200 mM NaCl and the Mn(2+)-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity toward P-Tyr-Glu copolymers. The 74-kDa inactive B'(delta) subunit was isolated from a heterotrimeric form, CAB'(delta), of PP2A partially purified from human erythrocytes, by heparin-Sepharose column chromatography. The B'(delta) subunit reassociated with CA and suppressed the PP- and PTP-activities of CA. The B'(delta) subunit did not associate with the isolated C subunit directly, and had no effect on the activities of the C subunit, indicating that the A subunit is essential for the association of the B'(delta) subunit with CA and the resulting suppression of the PP- and PTP-activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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6
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Nishito Y, Usui H, Tanabe O, Shimizu M, Takeda M. Interconversion of Mn(2+)-dependent and -independent protein phosphatase 2A from human erythrocytes: role of Zn(2+) and Fe(2+) in protein phosphatase 2A. J Biochem 1999; 126:632-8. [PMID: 10467181 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human erythrocyte Mn(2+)-dependent (C'A') and -independent (CA) protein-serine/threonine phosphatase (PP) 2A are composed of 34-kDa catalytic C' and C subunits, in which the metal dependency resides, and 63-kDa regulatory A' and A subunits, respectively. Each catalytic and regulatory subunit gave the same V8- and papain-peptide maps, respectively. Stoichiometric zinc and substoichiometric iron were detected in CA but not in C'A' [Nishito et al. (1999) FEBS Lett. 447, 29-33]. The Mn(2+)-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity of C'A' was about 70-fold higher than that of CA. Pre-incubation of CA with 25 mM NaF changed CA to a Mn(2+)-dependent form with higher PTP activity. The same NaF treatment had no effect on C'A'. Pre-incubation of C'A' with ZnCl(2), zinc-metallothionein, or FeCl(2) activated the Mn(2+)-independent PP activity, but pre-incubation with FeCl(3) did not. Ascorbate in the pre-incubation and assay mixture significantly stimulated the effect of FeCl(2). Pre-incubation of C'A' with 5 microM ZnCl(2) and 15 microM FeCl(2) in the presence of 1 mM ascorbate synergistically stimulated the Mn(2+)-independent PP activity, with concomitant suppression of the Mn(2+)-dependent PP and PTP activities. The PP and PTP activities of CA were unaffected by the same zinc and/or iron treatment. Micromolar concentrations of vanadate strongly inhibited the Mn(2+)-dependent PP activity of C'A' but only slightly inhibited the PP activity of CA. Using the distinct effect of vanadate as an indicator, the interconversion between CA and C'A' with the above mentioned treatments was proved. These results support the notion that Mn(2+)-independent CA is a Zn(2+)- and Fe(2+)-metalloenzyme, whose apoenzyme is Mn(2+)-dependent C'A'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishito
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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7
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Tchou-Wong KM, Tanabe O, Chi C, Yie TA, Rom WN. Activation of NF-kappaB in Mycobacterium tuberculosis- induced interleukin-2 receptor expression in mononuclear phagocytes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159:1323-9. [PMID: 10194184 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.4.9710105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (IL-2Ralpha) has been reported to be increased in the sera of patients with advanced tuberculosis, and levels decline after therapy in accordance with improvement of radiologic findings. We investigated expression of the IL-2Ralpha in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells in active pulmonary tuberculosis, and evaluated the mechanism Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces in the IL-2Ralpha using the THP-1 mononuclear phagocyte cell line. We found IL-2Ralpha expression to be increased in BAL cells from involved sites of active pulmonary tuberculosis. Expression of the alpha-chain of IL-2Ralpha on peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) was induced by M. tuberculosis by flow cytometry evaluation. Northern analysis demonstrated increased IL-2Ralpha gene expression after stimulation with M. tuberculosis which was further induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The IL-2Ralpha promoter containing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) site was transcriptionally induced by M. tuberculosis and this NF-kappaB site could confer inducibility to a heterologous herpes thymidine kinase (TK) promoter by M. tuberculosis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed specific binding of nuclear protein to the NF-kappaB site upon induction with M. tuberculosis. Using antibodies against the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB in EMSAs, the involvement of both p50 and p65 proteins was further demonstrated. Functional expression of the IL-2Ralpha on mononuclear phagocytes in M. tuberculosis infection may play an important immunomodulatory role in the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tchou-Wong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Tanabe O. [Clinical features of the new influenza virus infection]. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 1999:77-9. [PMID: 10088342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Jikei University School of Medicine
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9
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Nishito Y, Usui H, Shinzawa-Itoh K, Inoue R, Tanabe O, Nagase T, Murakami T, Takeda M. Direct metal analyses of Mn2+-dependent and -independent protein phosphatase 2A from human erythrocytes detect zinc and iron only in the Mn2+-independent one. FEBS Lett 1999; 447:29-33. [PMID: 10218576 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase 2A which is composed of a 34 kDa catalytic C' subunit and a 63 kDa regulatory A' subunit, was purified from human erythrocyte cytosol. C' and A' produced V8- and papain-peptide maps identical to those of the 34 kDa catalytic C and the 63 kDa regulatory A subunits of the Mn2+-independent conventional protein phosphatase in human erythrocyte cytosol, respectively. Reconstitution of C'A and CA' revealed that the metal dependency resided in C' and not in A'. In CA, 0.87 +/- 0.12 mol zinc and 0.35 +/- 0.18 mol iron per mol enzyme were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, but manganese, magnesium and cobalt were not detected. None of these metals was detected in C'A'. Pre-incubation of C' with ZnCl2 and FeCl2, but not FeCl3, synergistically stimulated the Mn2+-independent protein phosphatase activity. The protein phosphatase activity of C was unaffected by the same zinc and/or iron treatment. These results suggest that C is a Zn2+- and Fe2+-metalloenzyme and that C' is the apoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishito
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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10
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Usui H, Inoue R, Tanabe O, Nishito Y, Shimizu M, Hayashi H, Kagamiyama H, Takeda M. Activation of protein phosphatase 2A by cAMP-dependent protein kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation of the 74-kDa B'' (delta) regulatory subunit in vitro and identification of the phosphorylation sites. FEBS Lett 1998; 430:312-6. [PMID: 9688562 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human erythrocyte protein phosphatase 2A, which comprises a 34-kDa catalytic C subunit, a 63-kDa regulatory A subunit and a 74-kDa regulatory B'' (delta) subunit, was phosphorylated at serine residues of B'' in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase). In the presence and absence of 0.5 microM okadaic acid (OA), A-kinase gave maximal incorporation of 1.7 and 1.0 mol of phosphate per mol of B'', respectively. The Km value of A-kinase for CAB'' was 0.17 +/- 0.01 microM in the presence of OA. The major in vitro phosphorylation sites of B'' were identified as Ser-60, -75 and -573 in the presence of OA, and Ser-75 and -573 in the absence of OA. Phosphorylation of B'' did not dissociate B'' from CA, and stimulated the molecular activity of CAB'' toward phosphorylated H1 and H2B histones, 3.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively, but not toward phosphorylase a.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Usui
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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11
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Gao PS, Mao XQ, Kawai M, Enomoto T, Sasaki S, Tanabe O, Yoshimura K, Shaldon SR, Dake Y, Kitano H, Coull P, Shirakawa T, Hopkin JM. Negative association between asthma and variants of CC16(CC10) on chromosome 11q13 in British and Japanese populations. Hum Genet 1998; 103:57-9. [PMID: 9737777 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding Clara cell-derived inflammatory molecule CC16 has been cited as a candidate gene for atopic asthma on chromosome 1lq13. A genetic association study was performed with variants of the CC16 gene on chromosome 1lq13 in relation to asthma in British (n=275) and Japanese (n=300) populations. No significant association was found between asthma and CC16 genotypes, irrespective of atopic status in these two populations. These data suggest that CC16 might not be the major locus for asthma on 11q13.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Gao
- Osler Chest Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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12
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Tanabe O. [Protein phosphatase 2A in the control of cell function]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 1998; 43:1013-20. [PMID: 9655958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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13
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Tanabe O, Anzai C, Shimizu A, Uchida K, Aoki K, Hosoku S, Eto Y, Yoshimura K. [Mechanism of erythromycin action on gene expression of airway epithelial cells]. Jpn J Antibiot 1998; 51 Suppl A:158-60. [PMID: 9597514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Tanabe O. [Mortality associated with influenza epidemics in Japan--analysis for viral type, age and risk groups]. Nihon Rinsho 1997; 55:2682-6. [PMID: 9360391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this report, mortality with influenza in Japan was analyzed. The data covered mainly the period 1975-94. I tried to analyze these data for cause of death, viral types, age groups and three categories of diseases in order to determine distinctive risk factors for influenza-associated mortality. To summarize, influenza is a common disease which could lead especially for the elderly and those who have increased risk factors (cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and pulmonary complications) to severe complications and death. The cause of death is thought to be mainly influenza related pneumonia. Elderly and high-risk persons should be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Medicine (4), Jikei University, School of Medicine
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Tanabe O, Usui H, Takeda M. [The structural and functional diversity of protein phosphatase 2A]. Seikagaku 1997; 69:1010-3. [PMID: 9301322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine
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Nagase T, Murakami T, Nozaki H, Inoue R, Nishito Y, Tanabe O, Usui H, Takeda M. Tissue and subcellular distributions, and characterization of rat brain protein phosphatase 2A containing a 72-kDa delta/B" subunit. J Biochem 1997; 122:178-87. [PMID: 9276686 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A 74-kDa delta/B" subunit was isolated by heparin-Sepharose column chromatography from human erythrocyte protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) consisting of a 34-kDa catalytic subunit (alpha/C) and 63- and 74-kDa regulatory subunits (beta/A and delta/B") in a ratio of 1:1:1. The purified delta/B" was used as an immunogen in mice, to prepare specific antisera against delta/B". Immunoblot analyses with the antisera detected an immunoreactive 72-kDa protein in the cytosol from various rat tissues including erythrocytes, brain, lung, testis, adrenal gland, heart, spleen, kidney, and liver. The 72-kDa protein was highly abundant in brain and was distributed evenly in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem. The 72-kDa protein was also detected in mitochondria and microsome fractions. An immunoreactive 68-kDa protein was detected mainly in nuclear and microsome fractions. The 72-kDa protein from rat brain cytosol copurified with phosphorylated H2B histone phosphatase activity during successive chromatographies on DEAE-Toyopearl, AH-Sepharose, Sephadex G-150, H1 histone-Toyopearl, TSK DEAE-5PW, protamine-Toyopearl, and TSK G3000SW columns. The purified enzyme migrated as a single protein band on nondenaturing PAGE and as three protein bands of 34, 63, and 72 kDa in a ratio of 1:1:1 on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 170,000 from the s20,W value of 7.2 +/- 0.3 S and the Stokes radius of 5.5 +/- 0.1 nm. The rat brain enzyme was classified as PP2A, based on the following properties; (1) an IC50 for okadaic acid of 10(-9) M; (2) its preferential dephosphorylation of the a subunit of phosphorylase kinase; (3) its insensitivity to protein inhibitor 2; and (4) its heterotrimeric subunit structure. The Km value and the molecular activity of the enzyme for phosphorylated H2B histone were 72.3 +/- 0.3 microM and 192 +/- 2 mol Pi released/min/mol enzyme, respectively, and were comparable to those of human erythrocyte PP2A (alpha1 beta1 delta1/ CAB"). The 72-kDa subunit in the purified rat brain PP2A was phosphorylated in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagase
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine
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17
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Tanabe O, Gomez GA, Nishito Y, Usui H, Takeda M. Molecular heterogeneity of the cDNA encoding a 74-kDa regulatory subunit (B" or delta) of human protein phosphatase 2A. FEBS Lett 1997; 408:52-6. [PMID: 9180267 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Two cDNAs for possible splicing variants of a 74-kDa regulatory subunit (B" or delta) of human protein phosphatase 2A, were isolated. These variants were identified from human cerebral cortex by library screening and PCR, and designated delta1 and delta3 isoforms, while the previously reported isoform [Tanabe et al. (1996) FEBS Lett. 379, 107-1111 was designated delta2. Compared with the delta2 isoform, the delta1 isoform contained a 32-residue insertion beginning at residue 84, and consisted of 602 amino acids in all. The delta3 isoform lacked a 74-residue sequence corresponding to residues 1083 of the delta2 isoform, and consisted of 496 amino acids. Using isoform-specific antipeptide antisera, the 74-kDa subunit (B" or delta) originally purified from human erythrocytes was identified as the delta1 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Japan
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18
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Ariki M, Tanabe O, Usui H, Hayashi H, Inoue R, Nishito Y, Kagamiyama H, Takeda M. Identification of autophosphorylation sites in c-Yes purified from rat liver plasma membranes. J Biochem 1997; 121:104-11. [PMID: 9058199 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Yes was purified 322-fold from a rat liver plasma membrane fraction to a single 60-kDa band on SDS-PAGE. The purified protein contained essentially no phosphotyrosine residues and was autophosphorylated with Mg2+. ATP exclusively at tyrosine residues with a concomitant increase in the protein-tyrosine kinase activity. The autophosphorylated c-Yes was extensively digested by trypsin and the resultant two major phosphopeptides, peptides I and II, were purified by HPLC on a reversed-phase C-18 column. The amino acid sequence of peptide I was determined to be LIEDNEYTAR, which is identical with the sequence from Leu-418 through Arg-427 of mouse c-Yes, indicating that one of the autophosphorylation sites corresponds to Tyr-424 of the mouse c-Yes. After partial determination of the N-terminal sequence of 10 amino acid residues of peptide II, the 230 bp sequence of rat cDNA that encodes the N-terminal 76 amino acid residues of c-Yes covering peptide II, was determined. From the predicted amino acid sequence, the sequence of peptide II was assumed to be from Tyr-16 through Lys-46, YTPENPTEPVNTSAGHYGVEHATAATTSSTK. The purified c-Yes phosphorylated the tyrosine residue of synthetic peptides covering Tyr-32 and its surrounding sequence but did not phosphorylate peptides covering Tyr-16 and its surrounding sequence, suggesting that the other autophosphorylation site is Tyr-32.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine
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Yoshimura K, Tanabe O. [Structure and expression of the human neutrophil elastase gene--regulatory mechanism and its relevance to the respiratory diseases]. Nihon Rinsho 1996; 54:396-404. [PMID: 8838087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase is a 29 kDa, 220-residue single chain glycoprotein which functions as a powerful serine protease. Because NE is capable of destroying a broad range of substrates including cross-linked elastin and the major forms of collagen as well as the cell walls of gram-negative bacilli, it possesses the two-edged sword property that is required for normal tissue turnover and host defense, yet potentially harmful in its ability to destroy normal tissues simultaneously. In this regard, NE plays a central role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema by destroying the alveolar walls of the lung in the conditions that antiproteases in the lung such as alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) are inactivated-e.g., cigarette smoking, or alpha 1-AT deficiency caused by mutations of the alpha 1-AT gene-resulting in excess burden of NE in the lung. The gene encoding the NE protein has 5 exons and is located at chromosome 19p13.3. Expression of the NE gene is tightly controlled mainly at the transcriptional level, and limited to the early stage of myeloid cell differentiation in bone marrow cells, mostly in promyelocytes. The knowledge on the modulation of lineage- and differentiation-specific NE gene expression could offer the possible therapeutic strategy to the diseases such as pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshimura
- Department of Gene Therapy, Jikei University School of Medicine
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Tanabe O, Nagase T, Murakami T, Nozaki H, Usui H, Nishito Y, Hayashi H, Kagamiyama H, Takeda M. Molecular cloning of a 74-kDa regulatory subunit (B" or delta) of human protein phosphatase 2A. FEBS Lett 1996; 379:107-11. [PMID: 8566219 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Based on amino acid sequence data of a 74-kDa regulatory subunit (B" or delta) of a human heterotrimeric protein phosphatase 2A, a cDNA encoding the subunit was isolated from a human cerebral cortex library. The cDNA had an open reading frame encoding an M(r) 66,138 protein of 570 amino acids. Bacterial expression of the cDNA yielded a protein immunoreactive with antisera specific to the 74-kDa subunit. The predicted primary structure of the subunit had no similarity to already reported sequences of PP2A regulatory subunits including A, B, and PR72. Potential phosphorylation sites for protein kinases A and C, a bipartite motif of putative nuclear localization signal, and SH3 accessible proline-rich domain, and a unique PQ repeat were found in the sequence. The subunit mRNA of about 2.9 kb was ubiquitously expressed in rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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21
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Takimoto Y, Tanaka H, Tanabe O, Kuramoto A, Sasaki N, Nanba K. Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Ki-1 lymphoma) with expression of IL-5 mRNA and eosinophilic invasion. Acta Haematol 1996; 96:245-8. [PMID: 8922493 DOI: 10.1159/000203793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined a patient with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Ki-1 lymphoma) showing eosinophilic invasion of the tumor tissues. The number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood changed as a function of the stage of the disease. The IL-5 gene was expressed in the tumor tissues, suggesting that the eosinophilic invasion and eosinophilia were caused by IL-5 derived from the lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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22
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Takimoto Y, Tanaka H, Tanabe O, Kuramoto A, Sasaki N, Nanba K. A patient with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1 lymphoma) showing clonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA. Leukemia 1994; 8:507-9. [PMID: 8127156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We encountered a patient with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (Ki-1 lymphoma) that originated in the stomach and showed histiocytic lymphoma-like morphology. CD43 antigen was positive, and rearrangement of TCR-beta gene was observed. The lymphoma was the T-cell type. Though no atypical lymphocytes or histological images specific to adult T-cell leukemia were observed, clonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA was noted. Viruses such as HTLV-1 appear to be involved in the development of some anaplastic large cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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23
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Takimoto Y, Tanabe O, Kuramoto A, Sasaki N, Nanba K. Hodgkin's disease associated with chronic myeloid leukemia. Determination of bcr-abl rearrangement in paraffin-embedded tumors using the polymerase chain reaction. Acta Haematol 1994; 92:97-100. [PMID: 7817711 DOI: 10.1159/000204187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A patient showing lymph node enlargement and tumors in the neck and axilla in the course of Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was seen. There were no hematological findings suggestive of crisis. RNA was isolated from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens for the polymerase chain reaction of bcr-abl. CML-type products were detected in the peripheral blood, but no bcr-abl products were found in the lymph nodes. These findings indicate a very rare case in which Hodgkin's disease developed during the course of CML.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Bone Marrow Examination
- Chronic Disease
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/analysis
- Hodgkin Disease/etiology
- Hodgkin Disease/metabolism
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/complications
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/chemistry
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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24
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Sakai A, Kawano MM, Tanabe O, Kuramoto A. A possible mechanism of inability of immunoglobulin heavy-chain production in Bence-Jones type myeloma cells. Int J Hematol 1993; 59:31-40. [PMID: 8161734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of the inability of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain production in Bence-Jones (BJ) type myeloma cells, we examined the rearrangement of the IgH gene, the expression of IgH mRNA and the presence of functional nuclear factors that bind to the IgH gene enhancer in myeloma cells from 6 cases of BJ-type myelomas, and three myeloma cell lines and one Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cell line having no IgH chain production. All BJ-type myeloma cells we examined showed rearranged bands by Southern blotting using the JH probe, and the rearrangement of VDJ segments in these cells was confirmed by PCR amplification of VDJ segments with consensus VH and JH primers. However, the expressions of IgH mRNA were not detected by Northern blotting in any of the BJ-type myeloma cells or the three non-producer myeloma cell lines. These findings suggested that the transcription of the IgH gene ceased in these cells, and alteration of this transcriptional apparatus may explain this inability. The functional nuclear factors that bind to IgH gene enhancers (HE2 and HE3) were absent in the myeloma cells from one case of BJ-type myelomas among these BJ-type myeloma cells and myeloma cell lines. This suggests that alteration of the enhancer binding factors may be one of the reasons why BJ-type myeloma cells are unable to produce the IgH chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sakai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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25
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Harada H, Kawano MM, Huang N, Harada Y, Iwato K, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Sakai A, Asaoku H, Kuramoto A. Phenotypic difference of normal plasma cells from mature myeloma cells. Blood 1993; 81:2658-63. [PMID: 8490175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that two-color analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-anti-CD38 antibody could clearly distinguish myeloma cells (plasma cells) from other hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Myeloma cells (plasma cells) alone were located at CD38strong positive (++) fractions. To further distinguish normal plasma cells from mature myeloma cells phenotypically, we examined immunophenotypes of normal plasma cells and myeloma cells by two-color flow cytometry with FITC-anti-CD38 antibody and phycoerythrin staining with antibody to VLA-4, MPC-1, CD44, CD56, CD19, CD20, CD24, or CD10. Normal plasma cells were all VLA-4+VLA-5+MPC-1+CD44+ CD19+CD56- in the bone marrows from seven healthy donors, tonsils from four patients with chronic tonsillitis, a spleen from one patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and lymph nodes from two patients with chronic lymphadenitis, respectively. On the other hand, mature myeloma cells (12 of 20 cases), VLA-4+VLA-5+MPC-1+, were all CD19- and most of them CD56+, and there were no myeloma cells with the CD19+CD56- phenotype in the 20 cases of myelomas we tested. Thus, as for the expression of CD19 and CD56, normal plasma cells from various tissues are all CD19+CD56-, whereas no myeloma cells have the CD19+CD56- phenotype. According to this finding, we investigated the expression of CD19 and CD56 on plasma cells (CD38++ fractions) in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Both CD19+CD56- and CD19-DC56+ plasma cells were found in all five cases of MGUS we tested, suggesting that MGUS consists of phenotypically normal plasma cells and myeloma cells. Therefore, it is reasoned that phenotypic analysis of plasma cells with anti-CD19 and anti-CD56 antibodies can distinguish normal plasma cells from malignant plasma cells (myeloma cells), and can detect malignant plasma cells even in MGUS or premyeloma states.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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26
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Ishikawa H, Kawano MM, Okada K, Tanaka H, Tanabe O, Sakai A, Asaoku H, Iwato K, Nobuyoshi M, Kuramoto A. Expressions of DNA topoisomerase I and II gene and the genes possibly related to drug resistance in human myeloma cells. Br J Haematol 1993; 83:68-74. [PMID: 8094626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb04633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanism of drug resistance in human myeloma cells, we investigated the expressions of DNA topoisomerase I and topoisomerase II gene and the genes possibly related to drug resistance; multi-drug resistant gene 1 (MDR-1), glutathione S-transferase class pi gene (GST-pi), by Northern blotting. Myeloma cells in eight of 15 cases prior to chemotherapy expressed topoisomerase I mRNA considerably, while the expression of topoisomerase II mRNA was detected weakly in only one of 16 myeloma patients. There was not any correlation between expression of topoisomerase I mRNA and clinical drug resistance. Significant expression of MDR-1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein was not detected in 25 cases of multiple myeloma prior to chemotherapy and even after several courses of VAD (vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone) therapy by Northern blotting and immunostaining using monoclonal anti-P-glycoprotein antibody (MRK-16), respectively. On the other hand, 16 of 21 myeloma cases showed significant expression of GST-pi protein and GST-pi mRNA with the various strengths, but there was no apparent correlation between GST-pi mRNA expression and clinical response. Therefore these data suggest that expression of the genes we tested may not determine the level of drug resistance in multiple myeloma, but lower or no significant expression of topoisomerase II mRNA in most myeloma cells indicates the possibility that topoisomerase II inhibitors such as VP-16 and topoisomerase II-mediated cytotoxic drugs such as adriamycin, are not so effective for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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27
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Tanaka H, Kawano M, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Tanabe O, Ishikawa H, Nobuyoshi M, Sakai A, Kuramoto A. [Study on the therapy of multiple myelomas--initial induction therapy (MP, IFN alpha, steroid pulse) and maintenance therapy (VMP, MP continuous, VEP, MCNU)]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1992; 33:655-61. [PMID: 1630017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Untreated twenty patients of multiple myeloma were treated with the chemotherapy protocol as follows: Initial induction therapy;MP continuous or MP intermittent----IFN alpha----steroid pulse. Maintenance therapy;alkylating agents which have no cross resistance were used ((V) MP----(MP)----(V) EP----MCNU). Remission rate (CR+PR) after the initial MP therapy was 45%, and that after including IFN alpha and steroid pulse therapy was 50%, Fifty percent survival rate was almost as same as those reported previously (34M). Our protocol presented here was based on the idea that, initially, myeloma cells with proliferative activity could be affected by MP therapy, and subsequent IFN alpha therapy would have effect even on the residual myeloma cells. Serial checks of 3H-TdR uptake of myeloma cells during the therapy supported this idea. During the maintenance therapy, clinical responses to the initial induction therapy were not aggravated in the responded cases when evaluated by the variation of serum M-protein level. We propose that considering from a point of proliferative activity of myeloma cells is important for designing therapeutic protocols for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University
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28
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Kawano MM, Huang N, Tanaka H, Ishikawa H, Sakai A, Tanabe O, Nobuyoshi M, Kuramoto A. Homotypic cell aggregations of human myeloma cells with ICAM-1 and LFA-1 molecules. Br J Haematol 1991; 79:583-8. [PMID: 1685327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Some myeloma cells freshly isolated from bone marrow aspirates in human myelomas and some myeloma cell lines formed spontaneous cell aggregations in vitro (homotypic cell aggregations). In order to clarify the surface molecules involved in homotypic cell aggregations and physiological roles of these cell aggregations, we investigated the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) on 20 samples of freshly isolated myeloma cells and three myeloma cell lines and the effect of anti-ICAM-1 and anti-LFA-1 alpha antibodies on myeloma cell proliferation in vitro. All myeloma cells that we tested expressed ICAM-1 on their surface. Among them, myeloma cells that strongly coexpressed LFA-1 alpha, formed homotypic cell aggregates in vitro. These spontaneous cell aggregations were completely released by adding either anti-ICAM-1 or anti-LFA-1 alpha antibody. During short-term culture, spontaneous proliferation of myeloma cells in vitro and their proliferative responses to recombinant interleukin-6 (rIL-6) were not affected by pretreatment of myeloma cells with anti-ICAM-1 or anti-LFA-1 alpha antibody. Therefore these data suggest that homotypic cell aggregation of myeloma cells is mediated by ICAM-1 and LFA-1 molecules, but myeloma cell proliferation may not be modulated by these adhesion molecules during short-term cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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29
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Sato Y, Sakurai M, Noda E, Tanabe O, Hojo M, Kitamura A, Kabe J, Jan J, Tsukamoto Y, Tanabe Y. [A case of small cell carcinoma originating at the site of pneumoplication of giant bulla five years later]. Kyobu Geka 1991; 44:587-9. [PMID: 1653376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 64 year-old man was performed pneumoplication for his left-sided giant bulla on December 15, 1983. After five years, consciousness loss and right hemiplegia occurred. Brain CT revealed a cystic lesion with enhancement in the left occipital lobe. Brain biopsy disclosed metastatic small cell carcinoma. Lung biopsy showed the same histopathology, so primary lesion was considered to be from the site of the previous pneumoplication. Lung cancer associated with emphysematous bulla have been mostly characterized by tumor shadow or niveáu in the bulla. In this case, the postoperative infiltrating shadow of pneumoplication had made early diagnosis difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sato
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Medical Center Hospital
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30
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Takada N, Takafuta S, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Fujimura K, Kuramoto J. [Clinical characteristic of mild hemophilia A]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 1991; 80:931-2. [PMID: 1919209 DOI: 10.2169/naika.80.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Nobuyoshi M, Kawano M, Tanaka H, Ishikawa H, Tanabe O, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Sakai A, Kuramoto A. Increased expression of the c-myc gene may be related to the aggressive transformation of human myeloma cells. Br J Haematol 1991; 77:523-8. [PMID: 2025578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb08620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alteration and abnormal expression of the c-myc oncogene were investigated in human multiple myeloma. Human myeloma cells were highly purified (more than 95%) from bone marrow aspirates in 14 cases of advanced multiple myelomas and one case of plasma cell leukaemia. Southern blotting revealed that a rearranged configuration of c-myc gene was found in only one case of them, but this was a novel truncation of the gene in its coding exon II; a rearranged 3.4 kb band was detected by digestion with Xba I using c-myc exon II probe, but no rearranged band was found using exon III probe. In this case, the truncated c-myc allele was not transcribed; normal sized (2.4 kb) c-myc mRNA was markedly expressed, but no aberrant mRNA was detected. On the other hand, by Northern blotting, the nine cases, including the case with the rearranged c-myc gene, showed increased expression of normal sized (2.4 kb) c-myc mRNA. Elevated c-myc mRNA expressions were well related to the in vitro proliferation (3H-TdR uptake), but not to IL-6 response. Interestingly, extremely high expressions of c-myc mRNA were detected in two cases of aggressive myelomas, including the case with the rearranged c-myc gene, and in one of plasma cell leukaemia. These two cases of aggressive myelomas were the ones who showed the markedly high 3H-TdR uptakes, and had the common clinical features with the formation of an extramedullary mass and very short survival. These results suggest that the activation of c-myc gene could induce high proliferative activities and the subsequent aggressive transformation of myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nobuyoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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32
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Isshiki H, Akira S, Tanabe O, Nakajima T, Shimamoto T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Constitutive and interleukin-1 (IL-1)-inducible factors interact with the IL-1-responsive element in the IL-6 gene. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10:2757-64. [PMID: 2111442 PMCID: PMC360636 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.10.6.2757-2764.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter is rapidly and transiently activated with other cytokines, including IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, and platelet-derived growth factor, as well as phorbol esters and agents that increase intracellular cyclic AMP. In this study, we have investigated cis-acting regulatory elements and trans-acting factors responsible for IL-1-induced IL-6 gene expression. Studies on the 5' deletion mutants of the human IL-6 gene suggested that the IL-1-responsive element was mapped within the IL-6 promoter region (-180 to -123) which was homologous to the c-fos serum-responsive enhancer element. Gel retardation assay identified two types of nuclear factors that bound to this region, one constitutive and the other inducible. These two factors recognized a 14-base-pair (bp) palindromic sequence, ACATTGCACAATCT. Furthermore, three copies of this 14-bp palindrome conferred IL-1 responsiveness to the basal enhancerless IL-6 promoter, indicating that a 14-bp-dyad symmetry sequence was an IL-1-responsive element in the IL-6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Isshiki
- Division of Cellular Immunology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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33
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Akira S, Isshiki H, Sugita T, Tanabe O, Kinoshita S, Nishio Y, Nakajima T, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. A nuclear factor for IL-6 expression (NF-IL6) is a member of a C/EBP family. EMBO J 1990; 9:1897-906. [PMID: 2112087 PMCID: PMC551896 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1022] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-IL6 is a nuclear factor that specifically binds to an IL1-responsive element in the IL-6 gene. In this study the gene encoding NF-IL6 has been cloned by direct screening of a lambda gt11 library using NF-IL6 binding sequence as a ligand. The full-length cDNA encoded a 345 amino acid protein with a potential leucine zipper structure and revealed a high degree of homology to a liver-specific transcriptional factor, C/EBP, at the C-terminal portion. The bacterial fusion protein bound to the CCAAT homology as well as the viral enhancer core sequences as in the case of C/EBP. Recombinant NF-IL6 activated the human IL-6 promoter in a sequence-specific manner. Southern blot analysis demonstrated the high-degree conservation of the NF-IL6 gene through evolution and the existence of several other related genes sharing the DNA-binding domain. NF-IL6 mRNA was normally not expressed, but induced by the stimulation with either LPS, IL-1 or IL-6. Interestingly, NF-IL6 was shown to bind to the regulatory regions for various acute-phase protein genes and several other cytokine genes such as TNF, IL-8 and G-CSF, implying that NF-IL6 has a role in regulation not only for the IL-6 gene but also for several other genes involved in acute-phase reaction, inflammation and hemopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akira
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan
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34
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Ishikawa H, Tanaka H, Iwato K, Tanabe O, Asaoku H, Nobuyoshi M, Yamamoto I, Kawano M, Kuramoto A. Effect of glucocorticoids on the biologic activities of myeloma cells: inhibition of interleukin-1 beta osteoclast activating factor-induced bone resorption. Blood 1990; 75:715-20. [PMID: 2297574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory effects of glucocorticoids (dexamethasone) on myeloma cells as well as bone resorption in multiple myeloma were investigated. Glucocorticoids significantly inhibited proliferation of myeloma cells, and decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and secretory type immunoglobulin G (IgG). The inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on myeloma cell proliferation could be due to the decreased expression of IL-6 mRNA, decreased IL-6 production, and thus suppression of autocrine growth by IL-6, which is an autocrine growth factor for myeloma cells as reported previously (Nature 332:83, 1988). Glucocorticoids also inhibited M-protein secretion by decreasing the levels of secretory type Ig mRNA. On the other hand, because IL-1 beta rather than lymphotoxin is considered to be a major osteoclast activating factor (OAF) produced by myeloma cells, and glucocorticoids decreased the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA and markedly suppressed the bone resorbing activity induced by IL-1 beta OAF in 45Ca-release bone resorption assay, it is suggestive that glucocorticoids could inhibit bone resorption induced by IL-1 beta OAF in multiple myeloma. Therefore, from these data it is concluded that glucocorticoids could be more effective chemotherapeutic agents in multiple myeloma than we expected, especially with regards to the inhibitory effects on proliferation and M-protein secretion from myeloma cells, as well as bone resorption by myeloma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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35
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Tanaka H, Tanabe O, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Ishikawa H, Nobuyoshi M, Kawano M, Kuramoto A. Sensitive inhibitory effect of interferon-alpha on M-protein secretion of human myeloma cells. Blood 1989; 74:1718-22. [PMID: 2790196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) on in vitro proliferation and M-protein secretion in human myeloma cells were investigated. Human myeloma cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates in 12 multiple myeloma patients. Purified myeloma cells were cultured for 48 hours with IFN alpha at its lower concentrations (0.1 to 100 U/mL). The cells were then pulsed with 3H-TdR for the last 12 hours and 3H-TdR uptake was measured (in vitro proliferation). After 48-hour culture, supernatants were harvested and the amount of M-protein in these fluids were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (in vitro M-protein secretion). In vitro M-protein secretions of myeloma cells were significantly suppressed even at 0.1 U/mL of IFN alpha, while 3H-TdR uptakes were not so suppressed until 10 or 100 U/mL of IFN alpha were added. The expressions of secretory immunoglobulin (Ig) mRNA of these myeloma cells were also selectively suppressed by IFN alpha. Furthermore, after IFN alpha had been administered intramuscularly, 3 to 6 x 10(6) U/d for at least 1 month, in vitro M-protein secretions of these myeloma cells were decreased compared with those before IFN alpha administration. Therefore, these results suggest that IFN alpha has more sensitive inhibitory effect on M-protein secretion of human myeloma cells rather than on myeloma cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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36
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Tanabe O, Kawano M, Tanaka H, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Ishikawa H, Nobuyoshi M, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Kuramoto A. BSF-2/IL-6 does not augment Ig secretion but stimulates proliferation in myeloma cells. Am J Hematol 1989; 31:258-62. [PMID: 2787116 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830310408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human myeloma cells were highly purified from bone marrow aspirates of 21 patients with advanced immunoglobulin G (IgG)-type multiple myeloma. B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2)/interleukin-6 (IL-6) was originally characterized as a cytokine that can enhance immunoglobulin secretion from activated normal B cells and increase the expression of secretory-type Ig mRNA in these B cells, but that does not augment proliferation of activated B cells. However, recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) could not enhance M-protein (IgG) secretion in freshly isolated myeloma cells in vitro but could augment proliferation of myeloma cells, although myeloma cells constitutively expressed IL-6 receptors. Furthermore, expression of secretory-type IgG (gamma-chain) mRNA in myeloma cells was not changed in the presence of IL-6. These results show that IL-6 is not an enhancing factor in Ig secretion from myeloma cells, and thus signal transduction through IL-6 in myeloma cells may be altered as opposed to activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Kawano M, Tanaka H, Ishikawa H, Nobuyoshi M, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Tanabe O, Kuramoto A. Interleukin-1 accelerates autocrine growth of myeloma cells through interleukin-6 in human myeloma. Blood 1989; 73:2145-8. [PMID: 2786435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) augmented proliferation of freshly isolated myeloma cells as well as B-cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2)/interleukin-6 (IL-6). Recombinant IL-1 alpha-induced proliferation was partially inhibited by anti-IL-6 antibody. In the culture supernatants of rIL-1 alpha-stimulated myeloma cells, IL-6 activities, which were measured by using an IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma clone, MH60.BSF2, were increased, when compared with those in the culture supernatants of nonstimulated myeloma cells. Furthermore, IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was also augmented in IL-1 alpha-stimulated myeloma cells. Therefore rIL-1 alpha stimulates myeloma cells to produce IL-6, which consequently augments proliferation of myeloma cells. Thus, IL-1 can accelerate autocrine growth of myeloma cells through IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Kawano M, Yamamoto I, Iwato K, Tanaka H, Asaoku H, Tanabe O, Ishikawa H, Nobuyoshi M, Ohmoto Y, Hirai Y. Interleukin-1 beta rather than lymphotoxin as the major bone resorbing activity in human multiple myeloma. Blood 1989; 73:1646-9. [PMID: 2785413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human myeloma cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates from four patients having advanced myeloma, including one with common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen-positive myeloma. All of these myelomas had marked bone lytic lesions. From the culture supernatants of these purified myeloma cells, bone-resorbing activities were significantly revealed by 45Ca-release bone resorption assay, and IL-1 activities were also detected by IL-1 bioassay (mouse thymocyte comitogenic assay). Sandwich enzyme immunoassay for IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta revealed that IL-1 beta was responsible for IL-1 activity of these culture supernatants. Furthermore, the bone resorbing activities of these culture supernatants were completely neutralized by pretreatment of anti-IL-1 beta, but not anti-IL-1 alpha antibody. By Northern blot analysis, IL-1 beta mRNA was identified from these myeloma cells. Therefore, it is concluded that myeloma cells produce IL-1 beta, which acts as bone-resorbing activity in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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39
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Iwato K, Asaoku H, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Kawano M, Fujimura K, Kuramoto A. [A case of refractory multiple myeloma demonstrating a relationship between the progression of the disease and in vitro myeloma cells activity]. Nihon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 1989; 52:639-43. [PMID: 2618542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In vitro proliferation (3H-TdR-uptake) and M-protein secretion rate by highly purified myeloma cells from bone marrow aspirates were examined serially to evaluate the progression of multiple myeloma in a patient who was refractory to conventional alkylating agents. Following the administration of IFN-alpha, serum M-protein decreased significantly, with the reduced in vitro spontaneous M-protein secretion rate from the separated myeloma cells. Similarly, when IFN-alpha as low as 10 u/ml was added in vitro, it also suppressed M-protein secretion from myeloma cells of this patient, suggesting that, the observed decrease of serum M-protein was due to diminished M-protein secretion by the myeloma cells themselves, as well as the reduction of the tumor cell burden. On the other hand the in vitro 3H-TdR uptake by the myeloma cells increased markedly with the decrease in the M-protein secretion rate. Five months after the initiation of IFN-alpha treatment, tumor formation at the lumbar vertebrae occurred when serum M-protein level was still low, followed by a bone marrow relapse. These results suggest that serial assessments of proliferation and M-protein secretion potential of myeloma cells in vitro can be helpful in predicting the progression of multiple myeloma.
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Kawano M, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Ishikawa H, Kuramoto A. Altered cytokine activities are related to the suppression of synthesis of normal immunoglobulin in multiple myeloma. Am J Hematol 1989; 30:91-6. [PMID: 2643860 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830300208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The content of peripheral blood B cells (B1+) was reduced in patients of multiple myeloma (MM) and not in those with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG) compared to normal donors (P less than 0.01). This observation correlated with the suppression of synthesis of normal immunoglobulin (Ig) in MM. Thus, cytokine activities regulating the proliferation of normal mature B cells, such as B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1)/interleukin 4 (IL-4), B cell growth inhibitory factor (BIF) and IL-2 in peripheral blood T cells, and IL-1 in peripheral blood adherent cells, were investigated in patients with BMG (n = 7) and MM (n = 28). All patients of MM having a marked suppression of synthesis of all other normal Ig, had significantly lower levels of BSF-1 activity and inversely higher levels of BIF activity than those of normal donors. However, patients with BMG having no suppression of synthesis of normal Ig had BSF-1 and BIF activities similar to normal donors. There was no significant difference in IL-1 and IL-2 activities between both normal donors and BMG versus MM patients. These data show that in MM altered cytokine activities correlate with suppression of synthesis of normal Ig.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Kawano M, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Ishikawa H, Imamura N, Kuramoto A. Heterogenous response of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells to anti-human IgM antibody (anti-mu) and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1). Br J Haematol 1989; 71:47-51. [PMID: 2492819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1989.tb06273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells from seven patients were examined for 3H-TdR uptake with anti-human IgM antibody (anti-mu) and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF-1)/IL-4. B-CLL cells from one patient could proliferate with anti-mu plus BSF-1, but not with BSF-1 alone. B-CLL cells from two patients responded to BSF-1 alone; one could proliferate more by adding anti-mu, but the proliferation of the other cells was inhibited by adding anti-mu. On the other hand, B-CLL cells from the other four patients responded neither to anti-mu nor to anti-mu plus BSF-1. Surface densities of membrane IgM of B-CLL cells were also analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), but there was no correlation between proliferative response (DNA synthesis) of B-CLL cells to anti-mu and densities of surface membrane IgM. These results show that there is a functional heterogeneity of B-CLL cells with regard to proliferative response to anti-mu and BSF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Tanabe O, Akira S, Kamiya T, Wong GG, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Genomic structure of the murine IL-6 gene. High degree conservation of potential regulatory sequences between mouse and human. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.141.11.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The genomic clone of mouse IL-6 was isolated and compared with the human IL-6 gene. The comparison revealed that the mouse IL-6 consists of five exons and four introns and that the overall organization is similar to that of the human IL-6 gene although the third intron is about 2 kb longer. The sequence similarity in the coding region is about 60%, whereas the 3'-untranslated region and the first 300-bp sequence of the 5'-flanking region are highly conserved (greater than 80%). Several sequence blocks with high homology are also found in the introns. Furthermore, sequences similar to transcriptional enhancer elements such as the c-fos serum responsive element and the consensus sequences for cAMP induction, activator protein 1 binding, and the glucocorticoid receptor binding are identified within the highly conserved 5'-flanking regions of the genes from the two species. These sequences may play an important role in transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
| | - S Akira
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
| | - T Kamiya
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
| | - G G Wong
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
| | - T Hirano
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
| | - T Kishimoto
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
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Tanabe O, Akira S, Kamiya T, Wong GG, Hirano T, Kishimoto T. Genomic structure of the murine IL-6 gene. High degree conservation of potential regulatory sequences between mouse and human. J Immunol 1988; 141:3875-81. [PMID: 3263439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The genomic clone of mouse IL-6 was isolated and compared with the human IL-6 gene. The comparison revealed that the mouse IL-6 consists of five exons and four introns and that the overall organization is similar to that of the human IL-6 gene although the third intron is about 2 kb longer. The sequence similarity in the coding region is about 60%, whereas the 3'-untranslated region and the first 300-bp sequence of the 5'-flanking region are highly conserved (greater than 80%). Several sequence blocks with high homology are also found in the introns. Furthermore, sequences similar to transcriptional enhancer elements such as the c-fos serum responsive element and the consensus sequences for cAMP induction, activator protein 1 binding, and the glucocorticoid receptor binding are identified within the highly conserved 5'-flanking regions of the genes from the two species. These sequences may play an important role in transcriptional activation of the IL-6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanabe
- Division of Immunology, Osaka University, Japan
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Iwato K, Kawano M, Asaoku H, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Kuramoto A. Separation of human myeloma cells from bone marrow aspirates in multiple myeloma and their proliferation and M-protein secretion in vitro. Blood 1988; 72:562-6. [PMID: 3401594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human myeloma cells were purified from bone marrow aspirates from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by Percoll discontinuous density-gradient centrifugation, E rosette formation and treatment with antimyelomonocytic antibody (Leu M1), plus complement. Thus, the purified cell fraction consisted of greater than 90% myeloma cells, even when as little as 15% myeloma cells were contained in bone marrow mononuclear cell fraction, determined by morphological and immunologic examinations. With highly purified myeloma cells from 29 patients with IgG type MM, biologic characteristics such as spontaneous proliferation (3H-TdR uptake) and M-protein secretion rate in vitro were evaluated. Both activities varied among patients within stage I and III, and a 3H-TdR uptake of 255-24, 132 cpm/4 x 10(4) cells, and an M-protein secretion rate of 9 to 72 pg/cell/day, respectively, were recorded. However, in each patient, there was no correlation between 3H-TdR uptake and M-protein secretion rate. These results thus suggest that 3H-TdR uptake and M-protein secretion rate of highly purified myeloma cells are independent biologic parameters, not associated with the clinical stages, and the purification of myeloma cells we describe can contribute to further studies on the biologic characteristics and to understanding of the pathophysiology involved in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Iwato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Asaoku H, Kawano M, Iwato K, Tanabe O, Tanaka H, Hirano T, Kishimoto T, Kuramoto A. Decrease in BSF-2/IL-6 response in advanced cases of multiple myeloma. Blood 1988; 72:429-32. [PMID: 3261180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human myeloma cells freshly isolated from 40 patients with IgG multiple myeloma (MM, 10 in stage I and 30 in stage III), were cultured for 48 hours with recombinant B cell stimulatory factor 2 (rBSF-2)/interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is considered a major growth factor for myeloma cells. Uptake of 3H-thymidine by these purified myeloma cells was measured, and BSF-2 response was evaluated by stimulation index and delta cpm induced by rBSF-2. Myeloma cells from cases in stage I responded to rBSF-2 better than those in stage III. Moreover rBSF-2 responders also showed better response to chemotherapy. Therefore, these results suggest that in vitro response of myeloma cells to BSF-2 correlates with disease progression and clinical response in patients of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asaoku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Kawano M, Hirano T, Matsuda T, Taga T, Horii Y, Iwato K, Asaoku H, Tang B, Tanabe O, Tanaka H. Autocrine generation and requirement of BSF-2/IL-6 for human multiple myelomas. Nature 1988; 332:83-5. [PMID: 3258060 DOI: 10.1038/332083a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1156] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2) was originally characterized and isolated as a T cell-derived factor that caused the terminal maturation of activated B cells to immunoglobulin-producing cells. Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA predicts that BSF-2 is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 26,000 similar or identical to interferon beta 2, hybridoma plasmacytoma growth factor and hepatocyte stimulating factor. IL-6 has been proposed as a name for this molecule. It is now known that BSF-2 has a wide variety of biological functions and that its target cells are not restricted to normal B cells. Responses are also seen in T cells, plasmacytomas, hepatocytes, haematopoietic stem cells, fibroblasts and rat phoeochromocytoma, PC12 (Satoh, T. et al., manuscript in preparation). Of particular interest to this report is that human BSF-2 is a potent growth factor for murine plasmacytomas and hybridomas. This observation suggested to us that constitutive expression of BSF-2 or its receptor could be responsible for the generation of human myelomas. In this study we report that myeloma cells freshly isolated from patients produce BSF-2 and express its receptors. Moreover, anti-BSF-2 antibody inhibits the in vitro growth of myeloma cells. This is direct evidence that an autocrine loop is operating in oncogenesis of human myelomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Kawano M, Fujimura K, Iwato K, Asaoki H, Tanabe O, Kuramoto A. Pathogenesis of myeloma and its regulation by cytokines. Nihon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi 1986; 49:1740-8. [PMID: 3551440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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Yokoyama S, Oobayashi A, Tanabe O, Ohata K, Shibata Y. Kininase and anti-inflammatory activities of acid carboxypeptidase from Penicillium janthinellum. Experientia 1975; 31:1122-4. [PMID: 1204716 DOI: 10.1007/bf02326745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The acid carboxypeptidase from Penicillium janthinellum catalyzed the rapid release of arginine, and the slow release of phenylalanine, proline, serine and glycine from the carboxy-terminal of bradykinin at pH 4.15 to 4.8. Anti-inflammatory activity of the acid carboxypeptidase seems to suggest that the enzyme hydrolyzed bradykinin in vivo.
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49
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Yokoyama S, Oobayashi A, Tanabe O, Ichishima E. Action of crystalline acid carboxypeptidase from Penicillium janthinellum. Biochim Biophys Acta 1975; 397:443-8. [PMID: 239751 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(75)90134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acid carboxypeptidase (EC 3.4.12.-) crystallized from culture filtrate of Penicillium janthinellum has been investigated for its use in carboxy-terminal sequence determination of Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly, Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro, angiotensin I, native lysozyme, native ribonuclease T1, and reduced S-carboxy-methyl-lysozyme. The examination indicated that proline and glycine were liberated from Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro. At high enzyme concentration, the enzyme catalyzed complete sequential release of amino acids from the carboxy-terminal leucine to the amino-terminal aspartic acid of angiotensin I. The enzyme released the carboxy-terminal leucine from native lysozyme, however, no release of the threonine from native ribonuclease T1 was observed after a prolonged period of incubation with the enzyme. The sequence of the first nine carboxy-terminal residues of denatured lysozyme, leucine, arginine, S-carboxymethyl-cysteine, glycine, arginine, isoleucine, tryptophane, alanine, and glutamine, could be deduced unequivocally from a time release plot of an incubation mixture with the enzyme.
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50
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Nakamura T, Yasuda H, Obayashi A, Tanabe O, Matsumura S. Phenopicolinic acid, a new microbial product inhibiting dopamine beta-hydroxylase. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1975; 28:477-8. [PMID: 1150540 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.28.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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