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Muñoz Brenes CL, Jones KW, Schlesinger P, Robalino J, Vierling L. The impact of protected area governance and management capacity on ecosystem function in Central America. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205964. [PMID: 30335845 PMCID: PMC6193709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are a prominent approach to maintaining and enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services. A critical question for safeguarding these resources is how PA governance processes and management structures influence their effectiveness. We conduct an impact evaluation of 12 PAs in three Central American countries to assess how processes in management restrictions, management capacity, and decentralization affect the annual change in the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). NDVI varies with greenness that relates to plant production, biomass, and important ecosystem functions related to biodiversity and ecosystem services such as water quality and carbon storage. Any loss of vegetation cover in the form of deforestation or degradation would show up as a decrease in NDVI values over time and gains in vegetation cover and regeneration as an increase in NDVI values. Management restriction categories are based on international classifications of strict versus multiple-use PAs, and capacity and decentralization categories are based on key informant interviews of PA managers. We use matching to create a counterfactual of non-protected observations and a matching estimator and regression to estimate treatment effects of each sub-sample. On average, strict and multiple-use PAs have a significant and positive effect on NDVI compared to non-protected land uses. Both high and low decentralized PAs also positively affect NDVI. High capacity PAs have a positive and significant effect on NDVI, while low capacity PAs have a negative effect on NDVI. Our findings advance knowledge on how governance and management influence PA effectiveness and suggest that capacity may be more important than governance type or management restrictions in maintaining and enhancing NDVI. This paper also provides a guide for future studies to incorporate measures of PA governance and management into impact evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L. Muñoz Brenes
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
- Economics and Environment for Development Research Program–EfD Central America, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica
- * E-mail:
| | - Kelly W. Jones
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Peter Schlesinger
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
- Postgraduate School, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Juan Robalino
- Economics and Environment for Development Research Program–EfD Central America, Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica
- School of Economics, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Lee Vierling
- Department of Natural Resources and Society, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
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2
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Pan H, Palekar R, Hou K, Bacon J, Yan H, Springer L, Akk A, Pham C, Schlesinger P, Wickline S. P1273JNK-2 silencing with focally acting peptide-siRNA nanostructures modulates plaque inflammation in atherosclerotic mice. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Pan
- University of South Florida, The Heart Institute, Tampa, United States of America
| | - R Palekar
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - K Hou
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - J Bacon
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - H Yan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - L Springer
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - A Akk
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - C Pham
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - P Schlesinger
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - S Wickline
- University of South Florida, The Heart Institute, Tampa, United States of America
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3
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Laso Bayas JC, Lesiv M, Waldner F, Schucknecht A, Duerauer M, See L, Fritz S, Fraisl D, Moorthy I, McCallum I, Perger C, Danylo O, Defourny P, Gallego J, Gilliams S, Akhtar IUH, Baishya SJ, Baruah M, Bungnamei K, Campos A, Changkakati T, Cipriani A, Das K, Das K, Das I, Davis KF, Hazarika P, Johnson BA, Malek Z, Molinari ME, Panging K, Pawe CK, Pérez-Hoyos A, Sahariah PK, Sahariah D, Saikia A, Saikia M, Schlesinger P, Seidacaru E, Singha K, Wilson JW. A global reference database of crowdsourced cropland data collected using the Geo-Wiki platform. Sci Data 2017; 4:170136. [PMID: 28949323 PMCID: PMC5613736 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A global reference data set on cropland was collected through a crowdsourcing campaign using the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing tool. The campaign lasted three weeks, with over 80 participants from around the world reviewing almost 36,000 sample units, focussing on cropland identification. For quality assessment purposes, two additional data sets are provided. The first is a control set of 1,793 sample locations validated by students trained in satellite image interpretation. This data set was used to assess the quality of the crowd as the campaign progressed. The second data set contains 60 expert validations for additional evaluation of the quality of the contributions. All data sets are split into two parts: the first part shows all areas classified as cropland and the second part shows cropland average per location and user. After further processing, the data presented here might be suitable to validate and compare medium and high resolution cropland maps generated using remote sensing. These could also be used to train classification algorithms for developing new maps of land cover and cropland extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myroslava Lesiv
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - François Waldner
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)-Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne Schucknecht
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Martina Duerauer
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Linda See
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Dilek Fraisl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Inian Moorthy
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Perger
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Olha Danylo
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Pierre Defourny
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)-Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Javier Gallego
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Sven Gilliams
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ibrar Ul Hassan Akhtar
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Campos
- Taguay, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Clima y Agua, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Anna Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Frankel Davis
- The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Nature Conservancy, New York, USA
| | | | - Brian Alan Johnson
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Japan
| | - Ziga Malek
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ana Pérez-Hoyos
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Meghna Saikia
- Don Bosco College of Engineering and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Peter Schlesinger
- The Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica.,University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
| | | | | | - John W Wilson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Burgstaller J, Thaller D, Leeb T, Schlesinger P, Kofler J. Syringomyelia in a Newborn Male Simmental Calf. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1633-7. [PMID: 26478221 PMCID: PMC4895670 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Burgstaller
- University Clinic for RuminantsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Thaller
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - T. Leeb
- Institute of GeneticsVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - J. Kofler
- University Clinic for RuminantsUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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Soares-Filho BS, Nepstad DC, Curran LM, Cerqueira GC, Garcia RA, Ramos CA, Voll E, McDonald A, Lefebvre P, Schlesinger P. Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin. Nature 2006; 440:520-3. [PMID: 16554817 DOI: 10.1038/nature04389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of the cattle and soy industries in the Amazon basin has increased deforestation rates and will soon push all-weather highways into the region's core. In the face of this growing pressure, a comprehensive conservation strategy for the Amazon basin should protect its watersheds, the full range of species and ecosystem diversity, and the stability of regional climates. Here we report that protected areas in the Amazon basin--the central feature of prevailing conservation approaches--are an important but insufficient component of this strategy, based on policy-sensitive simulations of future deforestation. By 2050, current trends in agricultural expansion will eliminate a total of 40% of Amazon forests, including at least two-thirds of the forest cover of six major watersheds and 12 ecoregions, releasing 32 +/- 8 Pg of carbon to the atmosphere. One-quarter of the 382 mammalian species examined will lose more than 40% of the forest within their Amazon ranges. Although an expanded and enforced network of protected areas could avoid as much as one-third of this projected forest loss, conservation on private lands is also essential. Expanding market pressures for sound land management and prevention of forest clearing on lands unsuitable for agriculture are critical ingredients of a strategy for comprehensive conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britaldo Silveira Soares-Filho
- Centro de Sensoriamento Remoto, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
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6
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Nepstad D, Schwartzman S, Bamberger B, Santilli M, Ray D, Schlesinger P, Lefebvre P, Alencar A, Prinz E, Fiske G, Rolla A. Inhibition of Amazon deforestation and fire by parks and indigenous lands. Conserv Biol 2006; 20:65-73. [PMID: 16909660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Conservation scientists generally agree that many types of protected areas will be needed to protect tropical forests. But little is known of the comparative performance of inhabited and uninhabited reserves in slowing the most extreme form of forest disturbance: conversion to agriculture. We used satellite-based maps of land cover and fire occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon to compare the performance of large (> 10,000 ha) uninhabited (parks) and inhabited (indigenous lands, extractive reserves, and national forests) reserves. Reserves significantly reduced both deforestation and fire. Deforestation was 1.7 (extractive reserves) to 20 (parks) times higher along the outside versus the inside of the reserve perimeters and fire occurrence was 4 (indigenous lands) to 9 (national forests) times higher. No strong difference in the inhibition of deforestation (p = 0. 11) or fire (p = 0.34) was found between parks and indigenous lands. However, uninhabited reserves tended to be located away from areas of high deforestation and burning rates. In contrast, indigenous lands were often created in response to frontier expansion, and many prevented deforestation completely despite high rates of deforestation along their boundaries. The inhibitory effect of indigenous lands on deforestation was strong after centuries of contact with the national society and was not correlated with indigenous population density. Indigenous lands occupy one-fifth of the Brazilian Amazon-five times the area under protection in parks--and are currently the most important barrier to Amazon deforestation. As the protected-area network expands from 36% to 41% of the Brazilian Amazon over the coming years, the greatest challenge will be successful reserve implementation in high-risk areas of frontier expansion as indigenous lands are strengthened. This success will depend on a broad base of political support.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nepstad
- The Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, 13 Church Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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7
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Abstract
The ruffled membrane, the resorptive organelle of the osteoclast, is generated by fusion of intracytoplasmic acidifying vesicles with the plasma membrane, an event analogous to regulated exocytosis. While the ruffled membrane is essential to the bone resorptive process, the mechanisms governing its generation are unknown. However, regulated exocytosis is mediated, in part, by isoforms of the Rab3 subset of Rab GTPases. Because of similarities between exocytosis and ruffled membrane formation, we asked if Rab3 proteins are expressed by osteoclasts or their precursors, and if so, are these molecules regulated by agents known to prompt the osteoclast phenotype? We find murine osteoclast precursors, in the form of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), express at least two Rab3 isoforms, namely A and B/C, which are individually enhanced by a variety of hematopoietic cytokines. Consistent with the osteoclastogenic properties of a number of these cytokines, differentiation of BMMs into osteoclasts, in vitro, is associated with increased expression of both isoforms, particularly Rab3B/C. Finally, Rab3B/C localizes with the avian osteoclast H+ATPase (vacuolar proton pump) and pp60c-src, both intracellularly and within acidifying vesicles derived largely from the ruffled membrane. Thus, expression of specific rab3 proteins, an event which may control formation of the osteoclast ruffled membrane, is modulated by cytokines during osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abu-Amer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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8
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Zeng Y, Han X, Schlesinger P, Gross RW. Nonesterified fatty acids induce transmembrane monovalent cation flux: host-guest interactions as determinants of fatty acid-induced ion transport. Biochemistry 1998; 37:9497-508. [PMID: 9649333 DOI: 10.1021/bi980303u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonesterified fatty acids are key intermediates in cellular metabolism whose intracellular concentration is regulated by multiple anabolic, catabolic, and oxidative enzymatic cascades. Herein, we demonstrate that fatty acids induce transmembrane monovalent cation flux with an apparent rate constant kapp = 10(-)4 - 10(-)3 s-1. Fatty acid-induced cation efflux exploits the ionic association of the cation with the carboxylate anion of the fatty acid and the subsequent transmembrane flip-flop of the fatty acid-cation complex. Rates of fatty acid-induced transmembrane cation flux were dependent upon complex host-guest interactions between the fatty acid-cation complex and the phospholipid constituents which comprise the membrane bilayer including (1) the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid guest and the regiospecificity and stereospecificity of its olefinic linkages; (2) the phospholipid subclass and individual molecular species which constitute the host membrane phospholipids; (3) impedance matching of host and guest hydrophobic characteristics; and (4) the cholesterol content of the membrane bilayer. Arrhenius analysis demonstrated that fatty acid-induced K+ efflux was facilitated largely by changes in the entropy of activation of ion translocation and not the energy of activation. Moreover, Arrhenius analysis demonstrated that the energy of activation of ion translocation was phospholipid subclass specific. For example, arachidonic acid-induced cation efflux in membranes comprised of 16:0-18:1 plasmenylcholine possessed an Ea = 5.3 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol, while that for 16:0-18:1 phosphatidylcholine was 7.2 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol. Electrophysiologic measurements of planar lipid membranes containing 10 mol % arachidonic acid as a substitutional impurity confirmed the ability of physiologically relevant amounts of fatty acid to induce ion translocation with a specific conductance of 2.6 +/- 0.3 microS/cm2. Collectively, these results demonstrate that fatty acids facilitate transmembrane cation flux by an ion carrier type mechanism and suggest that fatty acid-mediated ion transport contributes to the leakage current present in many cell types and thus potentially modulates cellular responsivity during signal transduction where the intracellular content of fatty acids changes dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zeng
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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9
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Abu-Amer Y, Ross FP, Schlesinger P, Tondravi MM, Teitelbaum SL. Substrate recognition by osteoclast precursors induces C-src/microtubule association. J Cell Biol 1997; 137:247-58. [PMID: 9105052 PMCID: PMC2139850 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.137.1.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/1996] [Revised: 01/07/1997] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteoclast is distinguished from other macrophage polykaryons by its polarization, a feature induced by substrate recognition. The most striking component of the polarized osteoclast is its ruffled membrane, probably reflecting insertion of intracellular vesicles into the bone apposed plasmalemma. The failure of osteoclasts in c-src-/- osteopetrotic mice to form ruffled membranes indicates pp60(c-src) (c-src) is essential to osteoclast polarization. Interestingly, c-src itself is a vesicular protein that targets the ruffled membrane. This being the case, we hypothesized that matrix recognition by osteoclasts, and their precursors, induces c-src to associate with microtubules that traffic proteins to the cell surface. We find abundant c-src associates with tubulin immunoprecipitated from avian marrow macrophages (osteoclast precursors) maintained in the adherent, but not nonadherent, state. Since the two proteins colocalize only within adherent avian osteoclast-like cells examined by double antibody immunoconfocal microscopy, c-src/tubulin association reflects an authentic intracellular event. C-src/tubulin association is evident within 90 min of cell-substrate recognition, and the event does not reflect increased expression of either protein. In vitro kinase assay demonstrates tubulin-associated c-src is enzymatically active, phosphorylating itself as well as exogenous substrate. The increase in microtubule-associated kinase activity attending adhesion mirrors tubulin-bound c-src and does not reflect enhanced specific activity. The fact that microtubule-dissociating drugs, as well as cold, prevent adherence-induced c-src/tubulin association indicates the protooncogene complexes primarily, if not exclusively, with polymerized tubulin. Association of the two proteins does not depend upon protein tyrosine phosphorylation and is substrate specific, as it is induced by vitronectin and fibronectin but not type 1 collagen. Finally, consistent with cotransport of c-src and the osteoclast vacuolar proton pump to the polarized plasmalemma, the H+-ATPase decorates microtubules in a manner similar to the protooncogene, specifically coimmunoprecipitates with c-src from the osteoclast light Golgi membrane fraction, and is present, with c-src, in preparations enriched with acidifying vesicles reconstituted from the osteoclast ruffled membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abu-Amer
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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10
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Abstract
A 39-year-old man developed sequential acute mononeuropathies involving both median, both ulnar, and the right radial and left peroneal nerves. Electrophysiology demonstrated an asymmetric sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy; nerve biopsy confirmed a vasculitis. Laboratory evaluation revealed a mixed cryoglobulinemia and active hepatitis C infection. The patient stabilized with prednisone/cyclophosphamide/interferon-alpha. Hepatitis C should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mononeuropathy multiplex. Accurate diagnosis is important, as interferon-alpha may prevent transition to chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S David
- Department of Neurology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA
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11
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Donahue PE, Anan K, Doyle M, Nadimpalli V, Schlesinger P, Nyhus LM. Endoscopic ultrasonography verifies effect on endoscopic treatment of reflux in dogs and man. Surg Endosc 1993; 7:524-8. [PMID: 8273000 DOI: 10.1007/bf00316694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that endoscopic sclerosis of the gastric cardia is an effective treatment for experimental gastroesophageal reflux in dogs. The histologic effect of endoscopic sclerosis is limited to the proximal stomach; mucosal deformity provides endoscopic evidence of sclerosis, and the intramural effects are shown by ultrasonographic technique. This report describes histologic and ultrasonographic results in the dogs at the completion of endoscopic sclerosis. This report also describes the endoscopic ultrasound results in the first two patients who have completed endoscopic treatment for reflux by means of endoscopic sclerosis of the gastric cardia. All canine and human subjects had sonodense lesions involving all layers of the proximal stomach at the injection site at the conclusion of treatment. Histologic examination of canine tissues showed dense submucosal and muscularis fibrosis in the stomach; the esophagus was normal. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrates the effect of endoscopic sclerosis; this technique may be useful in the evaluation of symptomatic responses after this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Donahue
- Department of Surgery, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612
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12
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Teti A, Blair HC, Schlesinger P, Grano M, Zambonin-Zallone A, Kahn AJ, Teitelbaum SL, Hruska KA. Extracellular protons acidify osteoclasts, reduce cytosolic calcium, and promote expression of cell-matrix attachment structures. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:773-80. [PMID: 2547838 PMCID: PMC329718 DOI: 10.1172/jci114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Because metabolic acids stimulate bone resorption in vitro and in vivo, we focused on the cellular events produced by acidosis that might be associated with stimulation of bone remodeling. To this end, we exposed isolated chicken osteoclasts to a metabolic (butyric) acid and observed a fall in both intracellular pH and cytosolic calcium [( Ca2+]i). These phenomena were recapitulated when bone resorptive cells, alkalinized by HCO3 loading, were transferred to a bicarbonate-free environment. The acid-induced decline in osteoclast [Ca2+]i was blocked by either NaCN or Na3VO4, in a Na+-independent fashion, despite the failure of each inhibitor to alter stimulated intracellular acidification. Moreover, K+-induced membrane depolarization also reduced cytosolic calcium in a manner additive to the effect of protons. These findings suggest that osteoclasts adherent to bone lack functional voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, and they reduced [Ca2+]i in response to protons via a membrane residing Ca-ATPase. Most importantly, acidosis enhances formation of podosomes, the contact areas of the osteoclast clear zone, indicating increased adhesion to substrate, an early step in bone resorption. Thus, extracellular acidification of osteoclasts leads to decrements in intracellular pH and calcium, and appears to promote cell-matrix attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teti
- Department of Pathology, Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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13
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Teti A, Blair HC, Teitelbaum SL, Kahn JA, Carano A, Grano M, Santacroce G, Schlesinger P, Zambonin Zallone A. Cytoplasmic pH is regulated in isolated avian osteoclasts by a Cl-/HCO3- exchanger. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 1989; 65:589-95. [PMID: 2597414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclast resorb bone in an acid compartment formed by the bone-attachment site. The low pH of the resorption compartment provides a lysosome-like milieu suitable for acid proteases to degrade collagen. Solubilization of the hydroxyapatite that makes up bone mineral consumes about 2 moles of protons per moles of calcium dissolved, requiring a massive proton flux to maintain a low pH in the resorption compartment. In order to determine how the osteoclast maintains a physiological cytoplasmic pH while secreting massive amounts of acid, we studied the intracellular pH of osteoclasts using esterified fluorescein derivatives while controlling the electrolyte composition of the medium. The principal finding is that osteoclasts have a high capacity for chloride/bicarbonate exchange which enables them to maintain normal intracellular pH in the face of a large loading of base equivalents. Thus, the overall process of proton secretion during bone resorption is similar to the polarized acid elimination by renal epithelia, involving a proton pump on one surface of the cell, and a Cl-/HCO3- exchange to maintain cytoplasmic pH.
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15
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Abstract
Eighty percent of ingested foreign bodies which reach to stomach will pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. The remainder may cause obstruction, perforation or hemorrhage. The risk of complications is increased with long sharp metal objects and animal bones, and may be higher in patients with adhesions due to prior abdominal surgery. Pre-existing intestinal disease such as Crohn's or intestinal stenosis may predispose to complications. The use of overtubes has made endoscopic removal of sharp objects safer. In patients at increased risk for complications, we recommended early endoscopic retrieval of ingested foreign objects.
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Magos AL, Brincat M, O'Dowd T, Wardle PJ, Schlesinger P, Studd JW. Endometrial and menstrual response to subcutaneous oestradiol and testosterone implants and continuous oral progestogen therapy in post-menopausal women. Maturitas 1985; 7:297-302. [PMID: 4079826 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5122(85)90053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A regimen of subcutaneous implants of oestradiol and testosterone in combination with continuous oral norethisterone (0.35mg to 5mg daily) was used to treat 71 non-hysterectomised post-menopausal women for up to 30 mth in an attempt to avoid the withdrawal periods associated with conventional cyclical therapy, while at the same time protecting the endometrium from oestrogenic overstimulation. Amenorrhoea, defined as no vaginal bleeding for at least 3 mth, occurred immediately in 5.4-55.6% of women, the percentage depending on the daily dose of the progestogen. In those women who bled, the dose of norethisterone was adjusted at 3-mth intervals. Despite this protocol, only 51.0% of the patients were amenorrhoeic after 6 mth, and 63.2% after 1 yr. Although eight women did develop amenorrhoea for 12-27 mth, there was a high drop-out rate by the others, mainly because of unacceptable irregular bleeding. Irrespective of the bleeding pattern, endometrial biopsies 6 mth after treatment revealed endometrial atrophy. It is concluded that this form of therapy is inferior to oral continuous combined hormone replacement where amenorrhoea can almost invariably be achieved.
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17
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Magos AL, Brincat M, Studd JW, Wardle P, Schlesinger P, O'Dowd T. Amenorrhea and endometrial atrophy with continuous oral estrogen and progestogen therapy in postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 65:496-9. [PMID: 2984616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An oral regimen of continuous conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin 0.625 or 1.25 mg daily) and low-dose progestogen (Norethisterone 0.35 to 2.1 mg daily) have been used to treat 95 nonhysterectomized postmenopausal women for up to 2.5 years. This method of hormone replacements was undertaken in an attempt to avoid the withdrawal bleeding and progestogenic side effects associated with conventional cyclical therapy with estrogen and progestogen, while simultaneously protecting the endometrium from estrogenic over-stimulation. With the lower dose of estrogen, amenorrhea was achieved immediately in 30 of 46 patients (65%), and after adjustments to the dose of the progestogen in all ten patients observed for at least one year (maximum 2.5 years). With the higher dose of estrogen, irregular spotting during the first three months resulted in the cessation of treatment by six of the 49 patients (12%), but 23 (47%) women had no bleeding during that time; by 15 months, all 13 patients who had remained in treatment had become amenorrheic (maximum 2.25 years). Endometrial biopsy specimens after six months of combined treatment in 56% of patients revealed atrophic histology regardless of the dose of the estrogen.
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18
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Wileman T, Boshans RL, Schlesinger P, Stahl P. Monensin inhibits recycling of macrophage mannose-glycoprotein receptors and ligand delivery to lysosomes. Biochem J 1984; 220:665-75. [PMID: 6087792 PMCID: PMC1153682 DOI: 10.1042/bj2200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Binding studies with cells that had been permeabilized with saponin indicate that alveolar macrophages have an intracellular pool of mannose-specific binding sites which is about 4-fold greater than the cell surface pool. Monensin, a carboxylic ionophore which mediates proton movement across membranes, has no effect on binding of ligand to macrophages but blocks receptor-mediated uptake of 125I-labelled beta-glucuronidase. Inhibition of uptake was concentration- and time-dependent. Internalization of receptor-bound ligand, after warming to 37 degrees C, was unaffected by monensin. Moreover, internalization of ligand in the presence of monensin resulted in an intracellular accumulation of receptor-ligand complexes. The monensin effect was not dependent on the presence of ligand, since incubation of macrophages with monensin at 37 degrees C without ligand resulted in a substantial decrease in cell-surface binding activity. However, total binding activity, measured in the presence of saponin, was much less affected by monensin treatment. Removal of monensin followed by a brief incubation at pH 6.0 and 37 degrees C, restored both cell-surface binding and uptake activity. Fractionation experiments indicate that ligands enter a low-density (endosomal) fraction within the first few minutes of uptake, and within 20 min transfer to the lysosomal fraction has occurred. Monensin blocks the transfer from endosomal to lysosomal fraction. Lysosomal pH, as measured by the fluorescein-dextran method, was increased by monensin in the same concentration range that blocked ligand uptake. The results indicate that monensin blockade of receptor-mediated endocytosis of mannose-terminated ligands by macrophages is due to entrapment of receptor-ligand complexes and probably receptors in the pre-lysosomal compartment. The inhibition is linked with an increase in the pH of acid intracellular vesicles.
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19
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Schlesinger P, Frey-Wettstein M. [Use of fresh frozen plasma in a Swiss hospital district]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1983; 113:1617-22. [PMID: 6648439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The causes of a unexpected rise in the consumption of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in the years 1977-1980 are analyzed. FFP appears to be used increasingly in the department of surgery, and more specifically cardiac surgery, in the University Hospital. No basic changes are registered regarding the type of operations performed or the indications for prescribing FFP. At the same time, consumption of FFP in nonspecialized regional hospitals has increased to only a minor extent. It is pointed out that FFP is collected from blood donations and, as a product of human origin, should be used with moderation.
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20
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Rothenberg P, Glaser L, Schlesinger P, Cassel D. Activation of Na+/H+ exchange by epidermal growth factor elevates intracellular pH in A431 cells. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:12644-53. [PMID: 6195155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases Na+ uptake in several cell types through an electroneutral, amiloride-sensitive pathway putatively identified as Na+/H+ countertransport. We have previously shown (Rothenberg, P., Glaser, L., Schlesinger, P., and Cassel, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4883-4889) that EGF rapidly activates amiloride-sensitive net Na+ influx in the A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell line. We also described the presence of transmembrane, amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange in A431 cells using a new fluorescence technique for the measurement of intracellular pH (pHi) based on the incorporation of fluorescein-dextran into the cell cytoplasm. The low pKa of fluorescein (approximately 6.4) prevented the direct assessment of the inferred, EGF-induced cytoplasmic alkalinization, mediated by stimulated Na+/H+ exchange. In this paper, 4',5'-dimethylfluorescein (pKa 6.75) was coupled to dextran, allowing increased pH sensitivity of the fluorescence assay in the physiological range. Using this improved assay, basic features of pHi regulation in A431 cells are documented, including the role of Na+/H+ exchange and Na+-linked C1-/HCO3-exchange in acid extrusion. We directly demonstrate a rapid elevation of pHi by addition of EGF as well as by serum in A431 cells. The pHi increase is half-maximal at 5-10 ng/ml of EGF, is dependent on external Na+, independent of external Ca2+, and inhibited by millimolar amiloride. EGF and serum also enhance Na+/H+ exchange-mediated cytosolic acidification when the transmembrane Na+ concentration gradient favors Na+ efflux from the cells. An alkaline pHi shift, caused by activation of Na+/H+ exchange, may be an important primary event in the mechanism of EGF action.
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21
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Burke DG, Halpern B, Malegan D, McCairns E, Danks D, Schlesinger P, Wilken B. Profiles of urinary volatiles from metabolic disorders characterized by unusual odors. Clin Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/29.10.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The profiles of urinary volatiles from patients with phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, isovaleric acidemia, or trimethylaminuria (fish-odor syndrome) were in each case vastly different from the normal urinary volatiles profile. In the maple syrup urine disease case, metabolites that occur distal to the block were found and a mechanism for their formation is suggested. A new major metabolite in isovaleric acidemia was also found. As well as providing a reliable diagnostic tool for diseases characterized by odors, the analysis of urinary volatiles may provide information to help our understanding of still unexplained aspects of the diseases.
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22
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Burke DG, Halpern B, Malegan D, McCairns E, Danks D, Schlesinger P, Wilken B. Profiles of urinary volatiles from metabolic disorders characterized by unusual odors. Clin Chem 1983; 29:1834-8. [PMID: 6616835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The profiles of urinary volatiles from patients with phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, isovaleric acidemia, or trimethylaminuria (fish-odor syndrome) were in each case vastly different from the normal urinary volatiles profile. In the maple syrup urine disease case, metabolites that occur distal to the block were found and a mechanism for their formation is suggested. A new major metabolite in isovaleric acidemia was also found. As well as providing a reliable diagnostic tool for diseases characterized by odors, the analysis of urinary volatiles may provide information to help our understanding of still unexplained aspects of the diseases.
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23
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Merion M, Schlesinger P, Brooks RM, Moehring JM, Moehring TJ, Sly WS. Defective acidification of endosomes in Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants "cross-resistant" to toxins and viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:5315-9. [PMID: 6577430 PMCID: PMC384246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.17.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Like many physiological ligands, several viruses and toxins enter mammalian cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Once internalized, the nucleic acids of several viruses and the toxic subunit of diphtheria toxin gain access to the cytosol of the host cell through an acidic intracellular compartment. In this report, we present evidence that one class of mutants of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells, which is "cross-resistant" to Pseudomonas exotoxin A, diphtheria toxin, and several animal viruses, has a defect in acidification of the endosome. Cells were allowed to internalize fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran before subcellular fractionation. Fluorescence measurements on subcellular fractions permitted measurement of the internal pH of the isolated endosomes and lysosomes. Our results show that (i) endosomes and lysosomes from CHO-K1 cells maintain an acidic pH, (ii) acidification of both endosomes and lysosomes is mediated by a Mg2+/ATP-dependent process, (iii) GTP can satisfy the ATP requirement for acidification of lysosomes but not of endosomes, and (iv) at least one class of mutants that is cross-resistant to toxins and animal viruses has a defect in the ATP-dependent acidification of their endosomes. These studies provide biochemical and genetic evidence that the mechanisms of acidification of endosomes and lysosomes are distinct and that a defect in acidification of endosomes is one biochemical basis for cross-resistance to toxins and viruses.
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24
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Rothenberg P, Glaser L, Schlesinger P, Cassel D. Epidermal growth factor stimulates amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ uptake in A431 cells. Evidence for Na+/H+ exchange. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:4883-9. [PMID: 6300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases Na+ uptake in several cell types through an electroneutral, amiloride-sensitive pathway putatively identified as Na+/H+ countertransport. The inferred cytosolic alkalinization resulting from this process has been proposed to be an important component of mitogenic stimulation. We studied the effect of EGF on the Na+/H+ exchange system of A431 cells, a cell line having a very high EGF receptor density but which is not mitogenically stimulated by EGF. We demonstrate that EGF rapidly activates net Na+ influx in A431 cells. Amiloride inhibits the EGF-dependent Na+ uptake (65% inhibition at 3 mM, ID50 approximately 0.3 mM) and inhibits much less the EGF-independent uptake. EGF is known to enhance 45Ca+ accumulation in A431 cells (Sawyer, S. T., and Cohen, S. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6280-6286). The following findings indicate that EGF-dependent 22Na+ and 45Ca2+ uptake are two independent processes. 1) EGF effectively stimulates an amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ uptake in the absence of external Ca2+. 2) EGF-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake is not inhibited by amiloride. A new fluorescence technique is described for intracellular pH determination based on the introduction of fluorescein-labeled dextran into the cell cytoplasm. Using this method, the presence of amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange in A431 cells is documented. Although the lack of pH sensitivity of fluorescein fluorescence above pH 7.3-7.4 prevents a direct assessment of an EGF-induced increase of intracellular pH, the combined results of 22Na+ flux and intracellular pH measurements suggest that EGF activates Na+/H+ exchange in A431 cells. We conclude that enhanced Na+/H+ exchange may not necessarily be coupled to mitogenic triggering in different cell types, although the stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange may constitute a primary event in the mechanism of EGF action.
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25
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Schlesinger P, Benchimol CB, Lopes AS, Barbosa J, Jasbik W, Benchimol AB. Isolated tricuspid stenosis: report of a case submitted to valvular commissurotomy. Clin Cardiol 1983; 6:182-7. [PMID: 6839570 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this report, a rare case of tricuspid stenosis uncomplicated by other valve lesions is presented, with clinical, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and angiographic studies. The patient was markedly incapacitated, mostly as a result of a restricted cardiac output. Tricuspid commissurotomy was performed, with a stenotic deformity of a bicuspid atrioventricular valve, probably of congenital origin, found at surgery. Considerable improvement was observed, notwithstanding the persistence of some signs of residual tricuspid obstruction as a result of an incomplete commissurotomy, to avoid increasing the slight degree of preexistent valvular regurgitation.
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26
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Rothenberg P, Glaser L, Schlesinger P, Cassel D. Epidermal growth factor stimulates amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ uptake in A431 cells. Evidence for Na+/H+ exchange. J Biol Chem 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)32509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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27
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Benchimol AB, Sbissa AS, Benchimol CB, Saad EA, Barbosa ET, Albanesi Filho FM, Pillegi F, da Cunha GP, Maranhão MF, Batlouni M, Schlesinger P, Duprat R, Maciel R. [Labetalol in the treatment of arterial hypertension. A Brazilian multicenter study]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1982; 38:421-7. [PMID: 6762868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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28
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Tietze C, Schlesinger P, Stahl P. Mannose-specific endocytosis receptor of alveolar macrophages: demonstration of two functionally distinct intracellular pools of receptor and their roles in receptor recycling. J Cell Biol 1982; 92:417-24. [PMID: 6277962 PMCID: PMC2112069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.92.2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of rat preputial beta-glucuronidase and the glycoconjugate mannose-BSA by rat alveolar macrophages is inhibited by chloroquine and ammonium chloride. We have previously reported that these drugs cause a loss of cell surface binding activity and that they do not inhibit internalization of receptor ligand complexes when incubated with cells at 37 degrees C. In this report we more clearly delineate the intracellular site of weak base inhibition of receptor recycling and the mechanism of that inhibition. From our analysis of the kinetics of ligand transport we conclude that there are two functionally distinct intracellular pools of receptor. One of these, the cycling pool, is not sensitive to the presence of weak bases, and receptor-ligand complexes return from this pool to the cell surface intact. The second pool is responsible for the time-dependent intracellular delivery of ligand to acid vesicles, which is inhibited by weak bases. Chloroquine and ammonium chloride appear to inhibit the dissociation of receptor-ligand complexed in this second pool and thereby the production of free receptors for the continuation of receptor-mediated endocytosis. We examine the internalization and binding of ligand in normal and paraformaldehyde-treated cells and find that these are strongly affected by pH. In particular, the dissociation rate of receptor ligand complexes is enhanced greater than 7.5 fold by lowering the medium pH from 7 to 6. From these results we propose that weak bases raise the pH of acid intracellular compartments, slowing the rate of receptor-ligand dissociation and thereby reducing the cellular pool of free receptors available for further uptake of ligand. In addition, we demonstrate that receptor-ligand complexes cannot return to the cell surface from the amine-sensitive (acid) intracellular pool that led us to call this the nonreleasable pool. This final observation indicates that receptor movements through these two pools are functionally distinct processes.
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29
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Schlesinger P, Fadel Tabet F. [The treatment of ambulant hypertensive patients with a combination of a saluretic and a beta-receptor blocker (author's transl)]. MMW Munch Med Wochenschr 1981; 123:1589-92. [PMID: 6118831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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30
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Schlesinger P, da Rocha PJ, Benchimol AB. [Antiarrhythmic effects of amiodarone evaluated by dynamic electrocardiography]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1981; 37:129-32. [PMID: 6753800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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31
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Rocha PJ, Albuquerque DC, Benchimol CB, Albanesi Filho FM, Magalhães ME, Schlesinger P, Benchimol AB. [Prolonged administration of propafenon in the treatment of premature ventricular beats. Evaluation by dynamic (Holter) electrocardiography]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1980; 35:519-23. [PMID: 7259582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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32
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Tietze C, Schlesinger P, Stahl P. Chloroquine and ammonium ion inhibit receptor-mediated endocytosis of mannose-glycoconjugates by macrophages: apparent inhibition of receptor recycling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1980; 93:1-8. [PMID: 7378072 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(80)80237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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33
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Grudzinskas JG, Obiekwe BC, Frumar AM, Hartmann KG, Schlesinger P, Chard T. Circulating levels of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein in late pregnancy: nyctohemeral and day-to-day variation, and variation during labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1979; 86:973-7. [PMID: 316711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1979.tb11247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating levels of pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein have been determined in a number of physiological situations in late pregnancy. The apparent variation in five subjects studied over a 24-hour period was not in excess of that due to the assay. Excess variation was apparent in 2 of 11 subjects studied daily for up to 8 days, and in 6 of 16 patients studied serially during labour.
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34
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Danks DM, Schlesinger P, Firgaira F, Cotton RG, Watson BM, Rembold H, Hennings G. Malignant hyperphenylalaninemia--clinical features, biochemical findings, and experience with administration of biopterins. Pediatr Res 1979; 13:1150-5. [PMID: 503643 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-197910000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four cases of malignant hyperphenylalaninemia (MHPA) are described. Pretreatment serum phenylalanine levels were 1.5, 3.0, 2.4, and 0.9 mmoles/l. Dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency was proven in one patient by assays on cultured fibroblastic cells and was presumed in her sibling and in another deceased patient whose parents' fibroblastic cells show approximately 50% of normal enzyme activity. DHPR and phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency were excluded by assays on liver obtained at autopsy in the 4th patient. Parenteral administration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) corrected the hyperphenylalaninemia and increased the levels of catecholamines and 5-hydroxy-indoles in the one patient studied in life, but BH4 did not reach the cerebrospinal fluid. A 3-wk course of BH4 therapy had no clinical effect. Oral biopterin was absorbed and excreted in the urine, but did not alter the serum phenylalanine level. The frequency of MHPA in Australia was estimated as 7 in 258 patients with phenylketonuria.
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35
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Schlesinger P, Grimes A, Hammond J. Fast blue salt B can detect phenylketonuria and tyrosinaemia in addition to methylmalonic acidaemia. Clin Chim Acta 1979; 95:409-10. [PMID: 93524 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(79)90385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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37
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Rocha PJ, Albanesi FM, Albuquerque DC, Benchimol CB, Schlesinger P, Benchimol AB. [Effect of verapamil in supraventricular extrasystole. Evaluation by dynamic electrocardiography (Holter system)]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1979; 32:347-51. [PMID: 92982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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38
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39
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Albuquerque DC, da Rocha PJ, Albanesi Filho FM, Benchimol CB, Albuquerque EN, Schlesinger P, Benchimol AB. [Intravenous verapamil in the treatment of acute coronary insufficiency]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1979; 32:269-72. [PMID: 508109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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40
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Albanesi FM, Albuquerque DC, Rocha PJ, Benchimol CB, Schlesinger P, Benchimol AB. [Effect of verapamil on the pressure response induced by cycloergometry in hypertensive patients]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1979; 32:203-5. [PMID: 475606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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41
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Schlesinger P, Watson BM, Cotton RG, Danks DM. Urinary dihydroxanthopterin in the diagnosis of malignant hyperphenylalaninemia and phenylketonuria. Clin Chim Acta 1979; 92:187-95. [PMID: 487572 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(79)90113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of urinary dihydroxanthopterin is proposed as a simple method of recognition of patients with malignant hyperphenylalaninemia (MHPA). High levels of urinary dihydroxanthopterin are found in untreated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) or with dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency. After dietary control of the serum phenylalanine level in PKU, the urinary dihydroxanthopterin falls to near normal levels. In DHPR deficiency urinary dihydroxanthopterin levels are high even when serum phenylalanine levels are in the range achieved on dietary treatment. Low levels would be expected in patients with defects in tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis even before dietary treatment. Confirmation of the diagnosis of different forms of MHPA then requires more detailed studies, but dietary treatment of other PKU patients can proceed with confidence.
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42
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Ginefra P, Benchimol CB, Schlesinger P, Barbosa Filho J, Benchimol AB. [H-V interval of the prolonged His electrogram in first-degree left bundle branch block]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1978; 31:93-8. [PMID: 687150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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43
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Albuquerque DC, Schlesinger P, Benchimol CB, Albanesi FM, Benchimol AB. [Verapamil in the treatment of angina pectoris. Comparative double-blind study with fendilin]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1978; 31 Suppl 1:63-7. [PMID: 354613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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44
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Rodman JS, Schlesinger P, Stahl P. Rat plasma clearance of horseradish peroxidase and yeast invertase is mediated by specific recognition. FEBS Lett 1978; 85:345-8. [PMID: 202501 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Ginefra P, Benchimol CB, Schlesinger P, Barbosa J, Benchimol AB. [The His bundle potential in the electrogram in the presence of a complete atrioventricular block]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1977; 30:387-92. [PMID: 613992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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46
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Benchimol CB, Kreuzig R, Ginefra P, Schlesinger P, Benchimol AB. [Diffusion of the sinus node in chronic chagasic cardiopathy]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1977; 30:337-44. [PMID: 413532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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47
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Sheffield LJ, Schlesinger P, Faull K, Halpern BJ, Schier GM, Cotton RG, Hammond J, Danks DM. Iminopeptiduria, skin ulcerations, and edema in a boy with prolidase deficiency. J Pediatr 1977; 91:578-83. [PMID: 908977 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(77)80506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year-old boy with recurrent skin ulceration, chronic generalized lymphedema, and mild mental retardation was found to excrete massive amounts of dipeptides, most (but not all) of which had proline or hydroxyproline as the carboxyl terminal residue. Glycylproline predominated. Prolidase deficiency was demonstrated in red blood cells and in fibroblastic cells. Prolidase activity was present in continuous lymphoid cell cultures at the same low level observed in control cells.
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48
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Abstract
7,8-Dihydroxanthopterin in identified in urine from phenylketonuria and lethal hyperphenylalaninemia patients. Because 7,8-dihyroxanthopterin is readily oxidised to xanthopterin, most of the characterisation was performed on xanthopterin. This finding indicates a gross disturbance of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in these patients. 7,8-dihydroxanthopterin or a related pterin may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological symptoms in phenylketonuria and lethal hyperphenylalaninemia.
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49
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Albanesi FM, Benchimol CB, Albuquerque DC, Schlesinger P, Benchimol AB. [Fendilin hydrochloride in the treatment of angina pectoris]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1977; 30:227-8. [PMID: 921572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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50
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Albuquerque DC, Schlesinger P, Benchimol CB, Albanesi FM, Benchimol AB. [Clinical and cycloergometric evaluation of verapamil in the therapeutic of angina pectoris]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1977; 30 Suppl 1:65-70. [PMID: 329810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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