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Mwangi JK, Degrendele C, Bandowe BAM, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Halse AK, Šmejkalová AH, Kim JT, Kukučka P, Martiník J, Nežiková BP, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Sáňka M, Tannous M, Vinkler J, Lammel G. Air-soil cycling of oxygenated, nitrated and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in source and receptor areas. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:170495. [PMID: 38296070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated and nitrated derivatives, OPAHs and NPAHs, are semivolatile air pollutants which are distributed and cycling regionally. Subsequent to atmospheric deposition to and accumulation in soils they may re-volatilise, a secondary source which is understudied. We studied the direction of air-soil mass exchange fluxes of 12 OPAHs, 17 NPAHs, 25 PAHs and one alkylated PAH in two rural environments being influenced by the pollutant concentrations in soil and air, by season, and by land cover. The OPAHs and NPAHs in samples of topsoil, of ambient air particulate and gas phases and in the gas-phase equilibrated with soil were analysed by GC-APCI-MS/MS. The pollutants soil burdens show a pronounced seasonality, a winter maximum for NPAHs and PAHs and a summer maximum for OPAHs. One order of magnitude more OPAH and parent PAH are found stored in forest soil than in nearby grassland soil. Among a number of 3-4 ring PAHs, the OPAHs benzanthrone and 6H-benzo(c,d)pyren-6-one, and the NPAHs 1- and 2-nitronaphthalene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 7-nitrobenz(a)anthracene are found to re-volatilise from soils at a rural background site in central Europe in summer. At a receptor site in northern Europe, net deposition of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) prevails and re-volatilisation occurs only sporadic. Re-volatilisation of a number of PACs, including strong mutagens, from soils in summer and even in winter indicates that long-range atmospheric transport of primary PAC emissions from central Europe to receptor areas might be enhanced by secondary emissions from soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Mwangi
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Céline Degrendele
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin A M Bandowe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anne K Halse
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jun-Tae Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany; Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Center for Sustainable Environment Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Sáňka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam Tannous
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Vinkler
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Pozo K, Ahrendt C, Gómez V, Jacobsen C, Torres M, Recabarren T, Oyanedel-Craver V, Audy O, Přibylová P, Klánová J. Novel flame retardants detected in marine plastic litter in coastal areas in Central Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 201:116194. [PMID: 38432180 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) are released throughout the plastic life cycle, potentially impacting the environment, biodiversity, and human health. This study analyzed novel flame retardants (NFR) in marine plastic litter (MPL) from six coastal areas in central Chile in November 2017. Target chemicals (n = 19) were analyzed using ultrasonic extraction with hexane, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). From all nineteen NFRs analyzed, only ten (53 %) were routinely detected. BTBPE (1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane) showed the highest concentrations at the Bellavista site (618 to 424,000 pg g-1), and HBB (Hexabromobiphenyl), banned since 1970, was detected in Coliumo (2630 to 13,700 pg g-1). These results show emerging transport patterns and underscore the critical need for enhanced waste management practices for MPL in coastal regions to prevent adverse impacts on marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile.
| | | | - Victoria Gómez
- GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Jacobsen
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mariett Torres
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Tatiana Recabarren
- Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vinka Oyanedel-Craver
- University of Rhode Island, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2 East Alumni Ave, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
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Mayer L, Degrendele C, Šenk P, Kohoutek J, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Melymuk L, Durand A, Ravier S, Alastuey A, Baker AR, Baltensperger U, Baumann-Stanzer K, Biermann T, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Ceburnis D, Conil S, Couret C, Degórska A, Diapouli E, Eckhardt S, Eleftheriadis K, Forster GL, Freier K, Gheusi F, Gini MI, Hellén H, Henne S, Herrmann H, Holubová Šmejkalová A, Hõrrak U, Hüglin C, Junninen H, Kristensson A, Langrene L, Levula J, Lothon M, Ludewig E, Makkonen U, Matejovičová J, Mihalopoulos N, Mináriková V, Moche W, Noe SM, Pérez N, Petäjä T, Pont V, Poulain L, Quivet E, Ratz G, Rehm T, Reimann S, Simmons I, Sonke JE, Sorribas M, Spoor R, Swart DPJ, Vasilatou V, Wortham H, Yela M, Zarmpas P, Zellweger Fäsi C, Tørseth K, Laj P, Klánová J, Lammel G. Widespread Pesticide Distribution in the European Atmosphere Questions their Degradability in Air. Environ Sci Technol 2024. [PMID: 38323876 PMCID: PMC10882970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment of pesticide impacts on remote ecosystems makes use of model-estimated degradation in air. Recent studies suggest these degradation rates to be overestimated, questioning current pesticide regulation. Here, we investigated the concentrations of 76 pesticides in Europe at 29 rural, coastal, mountain, and polar sites during the agricultural application season. Overall, 58 pesticides were observed in the European atmosphere. Low spatial variation of 7 pesticides suggests continental-scale atmospheric dispersal. Based on concentrations in free tropospheric air and at Arctic sites, 22 pesticides were identified to be prone to long-range atmospheric transport, which included 15 substances approved for agricultural use in Europe and 7 banned ones. Comparison between concentrations at remote sites and those found at pesticide source areas suggests long atmospheric lifetimes of atrazine, cyprodinil, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbuthylazine, and thiacloprid. In general, our findings suggest that atmospheric transport and persistence of pesticides have been underestimated and that their risk assessment needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Mayer
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Céline Degrendele
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environment (LCE), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13003, France
| | - Petr Šenk
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Amandine Durand
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environment (LCE), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13003, France
| | - Sylvain Ravier
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environment (LCE), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13003, France
| | - Andres Alastuey
- Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Alex R Baker
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | | | - Tobias Biermann
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
| | | | - Darius Ceburnis
- School of Natural Sciences and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland
| | - Sébastien Conil
- DRD/GES Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement, ANDRA, Bure 55290, France
| | - Cédric Couret
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Zugspitze 82475 Germany
| | - Anna Degórska
- Institute of Environmental Protection, National Research Institute, Warsaw 02-170, Poland
| | - Evangelia Diapouli
- National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nuclear Radiological Science Technology, Energy and Safety, ENRACT, Agia Paraskevi 15310, Greece
| | - Sabine Eckhardt
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
- National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nuclear Radiological Science Technology, Energy and Safety, ENRACT, Agia Paraskevi 15310, Greece
| | - Grant L Forster
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - François Gheusi
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, CNRS/IRD, University of Toulouse, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Maria I Gini
- National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nuclear Radiological Science Technology, Energy and Safety, ENRACT, Agia Paraskevi 15310, Greece
| | - Heidi Hellén
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Stephan Henne
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Adéla Holubová Šmejkalová
- National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice, KošeticeCzech Hydrometeorological Institute, Košetice 395 01, Czech Republic
| | - Urmas Hõrrak
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Christoph Hüglin
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | | | - Laurent Langrene
- DRD/GES Observatoire Pérenne de l'Environnement, ANDRA, Bure 55290, France
| | - Janne Levula
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Marie Lothon
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, CNRS/IRD, University of Toulouse, Toulouse 31400, France
| | | | - Ulla Makkonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Steffen M Noe
- Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Noemí Pérez
- Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Véronique Pont
- Laboratoire d'Aérologie, CNRS/IRD, University of Toulouse, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Etienne Quivet
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environment (LCE), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13003, France
| | - Gabriela Ratz
- Bavarian Environment Agency, Augsburg 86179, Germany
| | - Till Rehm
- Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus (UFS), Zugspitze 82475, Germany
| | - Stefan Reimann
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Simmons
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik EH260QB; United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen E Sonke
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS/IRD, University of Toulouse, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Mar Sorribas
- Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Huelva 21130, Spain
| | - Ronald Spoor
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven 3721, MA, the Netherlands
| | - Daan P J Swart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven 3721, MA, the Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Vasilatou
- National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nuclear Radiological Science Technology, Energy and Safety, ENRACT, Agia Paraskevi 15310, Greece
| | - Henri Wortham
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Environment (LCE), CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13003, France
| | - Margarita Yela
- Atmospheric Sounding Station El Arenosillo, National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Huelva 21130, Spain
| | - Pavlos Zarmpas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion 715 00, Greece
| | - Claudia Zellweger Fäsi
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Kjetil Tørseth
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | - Paolo Laj
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland
- Institut des Géoscience de l'Environnement, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38058, France
| | - Jana Klánová
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Runkel AA, Stajnko A, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Horvat M, Přibylová P, Kosjek T. Corrigendum to "Exposure of children and adolescents from Northeastern Slovenia to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances", Chemosphere 321 (2023)138096. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139893. [PMID: 37639880 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agneta A Runkel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Stajnko
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Gómez VA, Pozo K, Clérandeau C, Cachot J, Montes C, Přibylová P, Glabán-Malagón C, Clarke B, Klanova J, Morin B. Plastic debris, persistent organic pollutants and their toxicity impacts in coastal areas in Central Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115361. [PMID: 37579596 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The chemical components of plastic wastes have made their disposal a major economic, social, and environmental problem worldwide. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of marine plastic debris on the beaches of Concepción Bay, Central Chile, taken during three periods (spring, summer, and winter). An integrated approach was used, including chemical and toxicological data, using the Microtox® test with Vibrio fischeri and SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The results presented here exclusively include the novel data obtained from the winter campaign, revealing high concentrations of PBDEs (238 ± 521 ng g-1). In addition, the genotoxicity and acute toxicity tests were sensitive for most of the samples studied. This investigation is the first attempt to analyse the toxicity of plastic debris in coastal areas along the Chilean coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Gómez
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Italy,; Centro GEMA (Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente), Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580000, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur, 1457, Concepción 4080871, Chile; Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jérôme Cachot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Montes
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cristóbal Glabán-Malagón
- Centro GEMA (Genómica, Ecología y Medio Ambiente), Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580000, Chile; Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Chile; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bradley Clarke
- School of Chemistry, Australian Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants (ALEC), The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jana Klanova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bénédicte Morin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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White K, Kalina J, Scheringer M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Kohoutek J, Prokeš R, Klánová J. Spatial and Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants across Europe after 15 Years of MONET Passive Air Sampling. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:11583-11594. [PMID: 37494593 PMCID: PMC10413948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was established to generate long-term data necessary for evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory measures at a global scale. After 15 years of passive air monitoring (2003-2019), MONET is the first network to produce sufficient data for the analysis of continuous long-term temporal trends of POPs in air across the entire European continent. This study reports long-term concentrations of 20 POPs monitored at 32 sites in 27 European countries. As of January 1, 2019, the concentration ranges (pg/m3) were 1.1-52.8 (∑6PCB), 0.3-8.5 (∑12dl-PCB), 0.007-0.175 (∑17PCDD/F), 0.02-2.2 (∑9PBDE), 0.4-24.7 (BDE 209), 0.5-247 (∑6DDT), 1.7-818 (∑4HCH), 15.8-74.7 (HCB), and 5.9-21.5 (PeCB). Temporal trends indicate that concentrations of most POPs have declined significantly over the past 15 years, with median annual decreases ranging from -8.0 to -11.5% (halving times of 6-8 years) for ∑6PCB, ∑17PCDD/F, HCB, PeCB, and ∑9PBDE. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were observed in either the trends or the concentrations of specific POPs at sites in Western Europe (WEOG) compared to sites in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), which suggests relatively uniform compound-specific distribution and removal at the continental scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin
B. White
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Runkel AA, Stajnko A, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Horvat M, Přibylová P, Kosjek T. Exposure of children and adolescents from Northeastern Slovenia to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Chemosphere 2023; 321:138096. [PMID: 36773682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of high concern for the environment, wildlife, and human health due to their persistence and potential to cause adverse health effects. Despite political measures to restrict the production and distribution of PFAS and to limit the exposure of populations, PFAS can be measured at commonly high detection frequencies in human samples. Thus, this pilot study aimed to determine the serum concentrations of PFPA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFOS, PFHxA, PFDoDA, and PFBS in 113 girls and 112 boys (age 7-10 and 12-15) from Northeastern Slovenia - a rural area characterized by agricultural activities - and to identify potential sources of exposure using questionnaire data. PFAS were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after phospholipid removal. 9 out of 12 analytes were detected at detection frequencies above 30%, with the highest geometric means (GM) being observed for PFOS (GM 1.9 ng/mL) > PFOA (GM 1.0 ng/mL) > PFHxS (GM 0.3 ng/mL) = PFNA (GM 0.3 ng/mL). We identified the participants' socio-economic status, age, sex, sampling region, public water supply, and the consumption of fish and seafood, cereals, and locally produced fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms as the predominant determinants of exposure. Furthermore, we compared our results with the serum and plasma concentrations reported for similar age groups in other studies and concluded that PFAS exposure in this highly agricultural area in Slovenia is notably low. This is the first study systematic HBM study of PFAS exposure in Slovenia, although it was conducted on a limited number of participants representative of rural and agricultural areas, it represents a good basis for upgrading the approach to a nationwide HBM study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta A Runkel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Stajnko
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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8
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Degrendele C, Prokeš R, Šenk P, Jílková SR, Kohoutek J, Melymuk L, Přibylová P, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Klánová J, Fuhrimann S. Human Exposure to Pesticides in Dust from Two Agricultural Sites in South Africa. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10100629. [PMID: 36287909 PMCID: PMC9610731 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, concern has arisen worldwide about the negative impacts of pesticides on the environment and human health. Exposure via dust ingestion is important for many chemicals but poorly characterized for pesticides, particularly in Africa. We investigated the spatial and temporal variations of 30 pesticides in dust and estimated the human exposure via dust ingestion, which was compared to inhalation and soil ingestion. Indoor dust samples were collected from thirty-eight households and two schools located in two agricultural regions in South Africa and were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We found 10 pesticides in dust, with chlorpyrifos, terbuthylazine, carbaryl, diazinon, carbendazim, and tebuconazole quantified in >50% of the samples. Over seven days, no significant temporal variations in the dust levels of individual pesticides were found. Significant spatial variations were observed for some pesticides, highlighting the importance of proximity to agricultural fields or of indoor pesticide use. For five out of the nineteen pesticides quantified in dust, air, or soil (i.e., carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diuron and propiconazole), human intake via dust ingestion was important (>10%) compared to inhalation or soil ingestion. Dust ingestion should therefore be considered in future human exposure assessment to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Degrendele
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, 13003 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šenk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Stuchlík Fišerová P, Melymuk L, Komprdová K, Domínguez-Romero E, Scheringer M, Kohoutek J, Přibylová P, Andrýsková L, Piler P, Koch HM, Zvonař M, Esteban-López M, Castaño A, Klánová J. Personal care product use and lifestyle affect phthalate and DINCH metabolite levels in teenagers and young adults. Environ Res 2022; 213:113675. [PMID: 35700762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Humans are widely exposed to phthalates and their novel substitutes, and considering the negative health effects associated with some phthalates, it is crucial to understand population levels and exposure determinants. This study is focused on 300 urine samples from teenagers (aged 12-17) and 300 from young adults (aged 18-37) living in Czechia collected in 2019 and 2020 to assess 17 plasticizer metabolites as biomarkers of exposure. We identified widespread phthalate exposure in the study population. The diethyl phthalate metabolite monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and three di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites were detected in the urine of >99% of study participants. The highest median concentrations were found for metabolites of low-molecular-weight (LMW) phthalates: mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and MEP (60.7; 52.6 and 17.6 μg/L in young adults). 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH) metabolites were present in 68.2% of the samples with a median of 1.24 μg/L for both cohorts. Concentrations of MnBP and MiBP were similar to other European populations, but 5-6 times higher than in populations in North America. We also observed large variability in phthalate exposures within the study population, with 2-3 orders of magnitude differences in urinary metabolites between high and low exposed individuals. The concentrations varied with season, gender, age, and lifestyle factors. A relationship was found between high levels of MEP and high overall use of personal care products (PCPs). Cluster analysis suggested that phthalate exposures depend on season and multiple lifestyle factors, like time spent indoors and use of PCPs, which combine to lead to the observed widespread presence of phthalate metabolites in both study populations. Participants who spent more time indoors, particularly noticeably during colder months, had higher levels of high-molecular weight phthalate metabolites, whereas participants with higher PCP use, particularly women, tended to have higher concentration of LMW phthalate metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Klára Komprdová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Andrýsková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance - Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Zvonař
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sports, Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Esteban-López
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- National Centre for Environmental Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
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10
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Pozo K, Moreira LB, Karaskova P, Přibylová P, Klánová J, de Carvalho MU, Maranho LA, de Souza Abessa DM. Using large amounts of firefighting foams releases per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into estuarine environments: A baseline study in Latin America. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:113938. [PMID: 35905702 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) used to extinguish a major fire in a petrochemical terminal from the Port of Santos (Brazil). Eight AFFFs from seven known commercial brands and one unknown sample (AFFF-1 to AFFF-8) were evaluated. 17 PFAS were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (LC/MS). The concentrations of Σ17 PFAS in the AFFFs ranged from 500 to 9000 ng/g, with prevalence of short chain PFAS (~85 %), followed by long chain PFAS. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), included in the global treaty of the Stockholm Convention, were also detected. We estimated that at least 635.96 g of PFAS were introduced in the estuary, representing a massive input of these substances. This investigation reports the PFAS composition of AFFFs used in firefighting in the GRULAC Region (Group of Latin American and Caribbean countries).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Pavlina Karaskova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maysa Ueda de Carvalho
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Research Group on Pollution and Aquatic Ecotoxicology, NEPEA, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Nežiková B, Degrendele C, Musa Bandowe BA, Šmejkalová AH, Kukučka P, Martiník J, Mayer L, Prokeš R, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Lammel G. Corrigendum to "Three years of atmospheric concentrations of nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygen heterocycles at a Central European background site" [Chemosphere 269 (2021) 128738]. Chemosphere 2022; 300:134757. [PMID: 35504752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludovic Mayer
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Wietzoreck M, Bandowe BAM, Hofman J, Martiník J, Nežiková B, Kukučka P, Přibylová P, Lammel G. Nitro- and oxy-PAHs in grassland soils from decade-long sampling in central Europe. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:2743-2765. [PMID: 34415461 PMCID: PMC9213387 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated (NPAHs) and oxygenated (OPAHs) derivatives can cause adverse health effects due to their carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and oxidative potential. The distribution of PAH derivatives in the terrestrial environment has hardly been studied, although several PAH derivatives are ubiquitous in air and long-lived in soil and water. We report the multi-annual variations in the concentrations of NPAHs, OPAHs and PAHs in soils sampled at a semi-urban (Mokrá, Czech Republic) and a regional background site (Košetice, Czech Republic) in central Europe. The concentrations of the Σ18NPAHs and the Σ11+2OPAHs and O-heterocycles were 0.31 ± 0.23 ng g-1 and 4.03 ± 3.03 ng g-1, respectively, in Košetice, while slightly higher concentrations of 0.54 ± 0.45 ng g-1 and 5.91 ± 0.45 ng g-1, respectively, were found in soil from Mokrá. Among the 5 NPAHs found in the soils, 1-nitropyrene and less so 6-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene were most abundant. The OPAHs were more evenly distributed. The ratios of the PAH derivatives to their parent PAHs in Košetice indicate that they were long-range transported to the background site. Our results show that several NPAHs and OPAHs are abundant in soil and that gas-particle partitioning is a major factor influencing the concentration of several semi-volatile NPAHs and OPAHs in the soils. Complete understanding of the long-term variations of NPAH and OPAH concentrations in soil is limited by the lack of kinetic data describing their formation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wietzoreck
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Dept, Mainz, Germany
| | - B A M Bandowe
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Dept, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Hofman
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Martiník
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Nežiková
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Kukučka
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - G Lammel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Dept, Mainz, Germany.
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Brno, Czech Republic.
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13
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Kalina J, White KB, Scheringer M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Audy O, Martiník J, Klánová J. Comparability of semivolatile organic compound concentrations from co-located active and passive air monitoring networks in Europe. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2022; 24:898-909. [PMID: 35546533 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00007e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Passive air sampling (PAS) has been used to monitor semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) for the past 20 years, but limitations and uncertainties persist in the derivation of effective sampling volumes, sampling rates, and concentrations. As a result, the comparability of atmospheric levels measured by PAS and concentrations measured by active air sampling (AAS) remains unclear. Long-term PAS data, without conversion into concentrations, provide temporal trends that are similar to, and consistent with, trends from AAS data. However, for more comprehensive environmental and human health assessments of SVOCs, it is also essential to harmonize and pool air concentration data from the major AAS and PAS monitoring networks in Europe. To address this need, we calculated and compared concentration data for 28 SVOCs (including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) at the six monitoring sites in Europe with 10 years of co-located AAS (EMEP) and PAS (MONET) data: Birkenes, Košetice, Pallas, Råö, Stórhöfði, and Zeppelin. Atmospheric SVOC concentrations were derived from PAS data using the two most common computation models. Long-term agreement between the AAS and PAS data was strong for most SVOCs and sites, with 79% of the median PAS-derived concentrations falling within a factor of 3 of their corresponding AAS concentrations. However, in both models it is necessary to set a sampler-dependent correction factor to prevent underestimation of concentrations for primarily particle-associated SVOCs. In contrast, the models overestimate concentrations at sites with wind speeds that consistently exceed 4 m s-1. We present two recommendations that, if followed, allow MONET PAS to provide sufficiently accurate estimates of SVOC concentrations in air so that they can be deployed together with AAS in regional and global monitoring networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kevin B White
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Martiník
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic.
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14
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Nováková Z, Novák J, Bittner M, Čupr P, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Smutná M, Escher BI, Demirtepe H, Miralles-Marco A, Hilscherová K. Toxicity to bronchial cells and endocrine disruptive potentials of indoor air and dust extracts and their association with multiple chemical classes. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127306. [PMID: 34879546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of indoor environment, where people spend much of their time, comprises complex mixtures of compounds with vastly understudied hazard potential. This study examined several important specific toxic effects and pollutant levels (177 compounds) of indoor samples (air gas phase, PM10 and dust) from different microenvironments after two extractions with focus on their gas/particle/dust distribution and polarity. The endocrine disruptive (ED) potential was assessed by human cell-based in vitro bioassays addressing anti-/estrogenicity, anti-/androgenicity, aryl hydrocarbon, thyroid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-mediated activities. Potential toxicity to respiratory tract tissue was assessed using human bronchial cell line. The toxicological analyses pointed out the relevance of both inhalation and ingestion exposure, with significant effects detected after exposure to extracts from all three studied matrices with distinct gas/particle distribution patterns. Chemical analyses document the high complexity of indoor pollutant mixtures with greatest levels of phthalates, their emerging alternatives, and PAHs in dust. Despite the detection of up to 108 chemicals, effects were explained only to low extent. This emphasizes data gaps regarding ED potencies of many detected abundant indoor contaminants, but also potential presence of other unidentified ED compounds. The omnipresent ED potentials in indoor environment rise concern regarding associated human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nováková
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novák
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Bittner
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Smutná
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Cell Toxicology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hale Demirtepe
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Miralles-Marco
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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15
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Veludo AF, Martins Figueiredo D, Degrendele C, Masinyana L, Curchod L, Kohoutek J, Kukučka P, Martiník J, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Fuhrimann S. Seasonal variations in air concentrations of 27 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 25 current-use pesticides (CUPs) across three agricultural areas of South Africa. Chemosphere 2022; 289:133162. [PMID: 34875296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For decades pesticides have been used in agriculture, however, the occurrence of legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and current-use pesticides (CUPs) is poorly understood in Africa. This study investigates air concentrations of OCPs and CUPs in three South African agricultural areas, their spatial/seasonal variations and mixture profiles. Between 2017 and 2018, 54 polyurethane foam-disks passive air-samplers (PUF-PAS) were positioned in three agricultural areas of the Western Cape, producing mainly apples, table grapes and wheat. Within areas, 25 CUPs were measured at two sites (farm and village), and 27 OCPs at one site (farm). Kruskal-Wallis tests investigated area differences in OCPs concentrations, and linear mixed-effect models studied differences in CUPs concentrations between areas, sites and sampling rounds. In total, 20 OCPs and 16 CUPs were detected. A median of 16 OCPs and 10 CUPs were detected per sample, making a total of 11 OCPs and 24 CUPs combinations. Eight OCPs (trans-chlordane, o,p'-/p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)/dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), endosulfan sulfate, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane and mirex) and two CUPs (carbaryl and chlorpyrifos) were quantified in all samples. p,p'-DDE (median 0.14 ng/m3) and chlorpyrifos (median 0.70 ng/m3) showed the highest concentrations throughout the study. Several OCPs and CUPs showed different concentrations between areas and seasons, although CUPs concentrations did not differ between sites. OCPs ratios suggest ongoing chlordane use in the region, while DDT and endosulfan contamination result from past-use. Our study revealed spatial and seasonal variations of different OCPs and CUPs combinations detected in air. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential cumulative or synergistic risks of the detected pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernandes Veludo
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Céline Degrendele
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, 13003, Marseille, France
| | - Lindile Masinyana
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lou Curchod
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Recetox, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Fuhrimann
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Pozo K, Gómez V, Přibylová P, Lammel G, Klánová J, Rudolph A, Ahumada R. Multicompartmental analysis of POPs and PAHs in Concepciόn Bay, central Chile: Part I - Levels and patterns after the 2010 tsunami. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 174:113144. [PMID: 35090286 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in abiotic samples from Concepción Bay in Central Chile. Samples were soxhlet extracted and injected in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) showed the highest levels in air (3-1100 pg m-3), in water (2-64 pg L-1), in sediment, and soil (1-78 ng g-1 (dw)). PAHs were also high in the air (1-6 ng m-3), in water (1-7 ng L-1), in sediment (90-300 ng g-1 (dw)), and in soil (15-2300 ng g-1 (dw)). The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides were generally low and did not show clear trends along the water column, with exception of PAHs. New data are presented in this work to assess the health status of a relevant coastal area in central Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anny Rudolph
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Ahumada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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17
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White KB, Sáňka O, Melymuk L, Přibylová P, Klánová J. Application of land use regression modelling to describe atmospheric levels of semivolatile organic compounds on a national scale. Sci Total Environ 2021; 793:148520. [PMID: 34328963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the success of passive sampler-based monitoring networks in capturing global atmospheric distributions of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), their limited spatial resolution remains a challenge. Adequate spatial coverage is necessary to better characterize concentration gradients, identify point sources, estimate human exposure, and evaluate the effectiveness of chemical regulations such as the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Land use regression (LUR) modelling can be used to integrate land use characteristics and other predictor variables (industrial emissions, traffic intensity, demographics, etc.) to describe or predict the distribution of air concentrations at unmeasured locations across a region or country. While LUR models are frequently applied to data-rich conventional air pollutants such as particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen oxides, they are rarely applied to SVOCs. The MONET passive air sampling network (RECETOX, Masaryk University) continuously measures atmospheric SVOC levels across Czechia in monthly intervals. Using monitoring data from 29 MONET sites over a two-year period (2015-2017) and a variety of predictor variables, we developed LUR models to describe atmospheric levels and identify sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and DDT across the country. Strong and statistically significant (R2 > 0.6; p < 0.05) models were derived for PAH and PCB levels on a national scale. The PAH model retained three predictor variables - heating emissions represented by domestic fuel consumption, industrial PAH point sources, and the hill:valley index, a measure of site topography. The PCB model retained two predictor variables - site elevation, and secondary sources of PCBs represented by soil concentrations. These models were then applied to Czechia as a whole, highlighting the spatial variability of atmospheric SVOC levels, and providing a tool that can be used for further optimization of sampling network design, as well as evaluating potential human and environmental chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B White
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia.
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czechia
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18
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Gómez V, Torres M, Karásková P, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Pozo K. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in marine plastic litter from coastal areas of Central Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 172:112818. [PMID: 34391011 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) were determined in marine plastic litter (MPL) on six beaches of central Chile. MPL was characterized physically and chemically, showing an abundance of macroplastic (size >2.5 cm). The polypropylene (PP) (47%) was the predominant polymer found. The Desembocadura beach, located at the mouth of the Biobio River, recorded the highest abundance of MPL (3.7 items m-2). PFAS detected (n = 15/21) ranged from 279 to 1211 pg g-1 and accounted for MeFOSE (46%) > PFHxS (14%) > PFPA (11%) > PFBS (6%) > PFOA (4%) and > PFOS (4%). Long-chain PFAS were prevalent, which can be metabolically degraded into PFOS (new POPs). This study i) highlights the need to further investigate the occurrence of chemicals in the MPL to reduce their impact on the environment; and ii) points out the need to improve future coastal management strategies for the elimination of solid waste along the coast of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gómez
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Mariett Torres
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, 4030000, Chile
| | - Pavlina Karásková
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, 4030000, Chile; RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, 62500, Czech Republic.
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19
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Sharma BM, Bharat GK, Chakraborty P, Martiník J, Audy O, Kukučka P, Přibylová P, Kukreti PK, Sharma A, Kalina J, Steindal EH, Nizzetto L. A comprehensive assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in an Indian food basket: Levels, dietary intakes, and comparison with European data. Environ Pollut 2021; 288:117750. [PMID: 34265562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in diet are a health concern and their monitoring in food has been introduced in the European Union. In developing countries, EDC dietary exposure data are scarce, especially from areas perceived as pollution hotspots, including industrialized countries like India. Several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) act as EDCs and pose a pressure to human health mainly through dietary exposure. In the present study, a range of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dioxins and furans were measured in several food items collected from Indian urban (Delhi) and peri-urban (Dehradun) areas. Food basket contamination data were used to estimate EDC dietary exposure and compare it with that of the average European population estimated from available monitoring data. All the target contaminants were found in most food items, especially in dairies and meat products. OCPs were the main contributers to the measured EDC contamination. Food supplied to Delhi's markets had higher EDC contamination than that supplied to the peri-urban market in Dehradun. Despite lax compliance and control measures, Indian dietary exposure of OCPs and PBDEs were comparable with that of Europe and were lower for PCBs and dioxins. Higher meat consumption in Europe only partly explained this pattern which was driven also by the higher EDC residues in some European food items. A substantial part of endocrine disrupting potential in the diet derives from food and animal feeds internationally traded between developed and developing countries. With increasingly globalized food systems, internationally harmonized policies on EDC content in food can lead to better protection of health in both these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girija K Bharat
- Mu Gamma Consultants Pvt. Ltd., 122018, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology, 603203, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jakub Martiník
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Anežka Sharma
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eirik Hovland Steindal
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Degrendele C, Kanduč T, Kocman D, Lammel G, Cambelová A, Dos Santos SG, Horvat M, Kukučka P, Holubová Šmejkalová A, Mikeš O, Nuñez-Corcuera B, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Saňka O, Maggos T, Sarigiannis D, Klánová J. NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere of two central European cities: Seasonality, urban-to-background gradients, cancer risks and gas-to-particle partitioning. Sci Total Environ 2021; 793:148528. [PMID: 34328964 PMCID: PMC8434474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as nitrated- and oxygenated-PAHs (NPAHs and OPAHs) could be even more toxic and harmful for the environment and humans than PAHs. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variations of NPAHs and OPAHs atmospheric levels, their cancer risks and their gas-to-particle partitioning. To this end, about 250 samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and 50 gaseous samples were collected in 2017 in central Europe in the cities of Brno and Ljubljana (two traffic and two urban background sites) as well as one rural site. The average particulate concentrations were ranging from below limit of quantification to 593 pg m-3 for Σ9NPAHs and from 1.64 to 4330 pg m-3 for Σ11OPAHs, with significantly higher concentrations in winter compared to summer. In winter, the particulate levels of NPAHs and OPAHs were higher at the traffic site compared to the urban background site in Brno while the opposite was found in Ljubljana. NPAHs and OPAHs particulate levels were influenced by the meteorological parameters and co-varied with several air pollutants. The significance of secondary formation on the occurrence of some NPAHs and OPAHs is indicated. In winter, 27-47% of samples collected at all sites were above the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk. The gas-particle partitioning of NPAHs and OPAHs was influenced by their physico-chemical properties, the season and the site-specific aerosol composition. Three NPAHs and five OPAHs had higher particulate mass fractions at the traffic site, suggesting they could be primarily emitted as particles from vehicle traffic and subsequently partitioning to the gas phase along air transport. This study underlines the importance of inclusion of the gas phase in addition to the particulate phase when assessing the atmospheric fate of polycyclic aromatic compounds and also when assessing the related health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tjaša Kanduč
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
| | - David Kocman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Saul Garcia Dos Santos
- Área de Contaminación Atmosférica, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Mikeš
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Beatriz Nuñez-Corcuera
- Área de Contaminación Atmosférica, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | | | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Saňka
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Maggos
- Atmospheric Chemistry & Innovative Technologies Laboratory, NCSR "Demokritos", Greece
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; HERACLES Research Centre on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Thessaloniki, Greece; University School of Advanced Study, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
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21
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White KB, Kalina J, Scheringer M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Kohoutek J, Prokeš R, Klánová J. Temporal Trends of Persistent Organic Pollutants across Africa after a Decade of MONET Passive Air Sampling. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:9413-9424. [PMID: 33095578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Global Monitoring Plan of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) was established to generate long-term data necessary for evaluating the effectiveness of regulatory measures at a global scale. After a decade of passive air monitoring (2008-2019), MONET is the first network to produce sufficient data for the analysis of long-term temporal trends of POPs in the African atmosphere. This study reports concentrations of 20 POPs (aldrin, chlordane, chlordecone, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, HBCDD, HCB, HCHs, heptachlor, hexabromobiphenyl, mirex, PBDEs, PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PeCB, PFOA, and PFOS) monitored in 9 countries (Congo, Ghana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, and Sudan). As of January 1, 2019, concentrations were in the following ranges (pg/m3): 0.5-37.7 (∑6PCB), 0.006-0.724 (∑17PCDD/F), 0.05-5.5 (∑9PBDE), 0.6-11.3 (BDE 209), 0.1-1.8 (∑3HBCDD), 1.8-138 (∑6DDT), 0.1-24.3 (∑3endosulfan), 0.6-14.6 (∑4HCH), 9.1-26.4 (HCB), 13.8-18.2 (PeCB). Temporal trends indicate that concentrations of many POPs (PCBs, DDT, HCHs, endosulfan) have declined significantly over the past 10 years, though the rate was slow at some sites. Concentrations of other POPs such as PCDD/Fs and PBDEs have not changed significantly over the past decade and are in fact increasing at some sites, attributed to the prevalence of open burning of waste (particularly e-waste) across Africa. Modeled airflow back-trajectories suggest that the elevated concentrations at some sites are primarily due to sustained local emissions, while the low concentrations measured at Mt. Kenya represent the continental background level and are primarily influenced by long-range transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B White
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kohoutek
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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22
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Nežiková B, Degrendele C, Bandowe BAM, Holubová Šmejkalová A, Kukučka P, Martiník J, Mayer L, Prokeš R, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Lammel G. Three years of atmospheric concentrations of nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygen heterocycles at a central European background site. Chemosphere 2021; 269:128738. [PMID: 33121801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs, OPAHs) are abundant in the atmosphere and contribute significantly to the health risk associated with inhalation of polluted air. Despite the health hazard they pose, NPAHs and OPAHs were rarely included in monitoring. The aim of this study is to provide the first multi-year temporal trends of the concentrations, composition pattern and fate of NPAHs and OPAHs in air from a site representative of background air quality conditions in central Europe. Samples were collected every second week at a rural background site in the Czech Republic during 2015-2017. Concentrations ranged from 1.3 to 160 pg m-3 for Σ17NPAHs, from 32 to 2600 pg m-3 for Σ10OPAHs and from 5.1 to 4300 pg m-3 for Σ2O-heterocycles. The average particulate mass fraction (θ) ranged from 0.01 ± 0.02 (2-nitronaphthalene) to 0.83 ± 0.22 (1-nitropyrene) for individual NPAHs and from <0.01 ± 0.01 (dibenzofuran) to 0.96 ± 0.08 (6H-benzo (c,d)pyren-6-one) for individual OPAHs and O-heterocycles. The multiyear variations showed downward trends for a number of targeted compounds. This suggests that on-going emission reductions of PAHs are effective also for co-emitted NPAHs and OPAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin A M Bandowe
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludovic Mayer
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
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23
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van der Schyff V, du Preez M, Blom K, Kwet Yive NSC, Klánová J, Přibylová P, Audy O, Martiník J, Bouwman H. Chlorinated and brominated persistent compounds in hard coral, soft coral, and parrotfish from remote Mascarene islands. Chemosphere 2021; 267:129316. [PMID: 33352370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Persistent halogenated compounds (PHC) are of concern for human and environmental health. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are regulated by international treaties, but alternative compounds such as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) are not-yet they are increasingly used. There are no data on PHCs in coral reef biota from tropical islands in the western Indian Ocean (WIO). For this assessment, three hard coral genera, two soft coral genera, and ember parrotfish (Scarus rubroviolaceus) were collected from the remote Rodrigues, Agalega, and St. Brandon's Atoll (Republic of Mauritius) in the Mascarene Basin of the WIO. Five compounds - Pentabromotoluene (PBT), γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE, HCB, and BDE-47- were quantifiable in all samples. Hard coral consistently contained the lowest concentrations of PHCs, except for NBFRs. The presence of BDE-47 suggests long-range aerial transport. We quantified DP, currently a candidate POP, in coral reef biota. PBT was measured in all samples also suggests long-range transport. Because the hard coral, soft coral, and fish had differing concentrations and patterns of PHCs, future surveys should stratify sampling accordingly. Agalega and St. Brandon's Atoll can be considered as locations to monitor changes in background concentrations of pollutants due to their remoteness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica van der Schyff
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Marinus du Preez
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Karin Blom
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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24
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Fuhrimann S, Klánová J, Přibylová P, Kohoutek J, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Degrendele C. Qualitative assessment of 27 current-use pesticides in air at 20 sampling sites across Africa. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127333. [PMID: 32947666 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing use of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in Africa raises environmental and public health concerns. But there is a large uncertainty about their occurrence and the composition of pesticide mixtures on this continent. This paper investigates the presence of 27 CUPs in air across 20 sampling sites in Africa. 166 passive air samples, consisting of polyurethane foam (PUF), were collected in 12 African countries between 2010 and 2018. Samples were extracted with methanol and analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The detection frequencies of CUPs per site were compared to land use patterns and sampling years, while their similarities were assessed using hierarchical cluster analysis. Overall, 24 CUPs were detected at least once. In 93% of all samples, at least one CUP was detected, while 78% of the samples had mixtures of two or more CUPs (median 3, interquartile range 5). Atrazine and chlorpyrifos were detected in 19 out of 20 sampling sites. Carbaryl, metazachlor, simazine, tebuconazole and terbuthylazine had the highest detection frequencies at sampling sites dominated by croplands. Across all the sampling years, 16 CUPs were present. Seven CUPs were newly detected from 2016 onwards (azinfos-methyl, dimetachlor, chlorsulfuron, chlortoluron, isoproturon, prochloraz and pyrazon), while metamitron was only present before 2012. Sites within a radius of about 200 km showed similarities in detected CUP mixtures across all samples. Our results show the presence of CUP mixtures across multiple agricultural and urban locations in Africa which requires further investigation of related environmental and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fuhrimann
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Kohoutek
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Degrendele
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, RECETOX Centre, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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25
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Kukharchyk T, Přibylová P, Chernyuk V. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plastic waste of electrical and electronic equipment: a case study in Belarus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:32116-32123. [PMID: 32557023 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) can contain polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) that have been used as fire retardants for a long time. PBDEs were listed in the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants, so PBDE-containing plastic waste should be separated and disposed of in an ecologically sound manner. In the article, the results of bromine and PBDE content in plastic samples of WEEE collected in Belarus are presented. The screening method for bromine identification and HRGC/HRMS for PBDE identification were applied. It is shown that bromine is present in 43% of the 111 studied samples. Most often, Br-containing plastic was found in CRT monitor, CRT TVs and LCD monitor (about 50%), printers (35%), and LCD TVs (25%). PBDEs were revealed in 12 Br-containing samples, representing TVs, monitors, and printers. The sum of ∑10PBDEs varied from 6.6 to 21,000 μg/kg. BDE-209 dominated in 9 samples (75% of cases); BDE-183, in two; and BDE-47 and BDE-99, in one sample. Based on the low content of PBDEs in the plastic, year of equipment production, and year of restriction of PBDEs applied in the countries-manufacturers, it was concluded that the presence of PBDEs in plastic is a consequence of contaminated waste recycling. Despite the relatively low concentrations of PBDEs (below the limit values established by the Stockholm and Basel conventions for POP wastes), further research is necessary with an extension of the list of analyzed types of equipment and identification of other brominated flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kukharchyk
- Institute for Nature Management, Laboratory of Transboundary Pollution, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Skoriny st., 10, 220076, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Chernyuk
- Institute for Nature Management, Laboratory of Transboundary Pollution, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Skoriny st., 10, 220076, Minsk, Belarus
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26
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Gómez V, Pozo K, Nuñez D, Přibylová P, Audy O, Baini M, Fossi MC, Klánová J. Marine plastic debris in Central Chile: Characterization and abundance of macroplastics and burden of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 152:110881. [PMID: 32479273 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized plastic debris (PD) found on beaches from Concepción Bay in central Chile during spring 2017 and summer 2018. The identification of polymers was carried out using FT-IR. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were extracted with hexane using an ultrasonic bath and further quantified through GC-MS. The highest abundance of PD was obtained during the summer (4.1 ± 3.7 items/m2), with the most common size range between 2.5 and 10 cm (42%) and the most frequent shape were plastic fragments (44%). FT-IR analysis showed that polypropylene was the most recurrent plastic polymer found. The ∑10PBDEs ranged from 2.1 to 1300 ng/g in spring 2017 and 392 to 3177 ng/g in summer 2018. ∑7PCBs ranged from 0.9 to 93 ng/g during the spring 2017 and 0.3 to 4.5 ng/g for summer 2018. This study is the first with information on POPs occurrence in the plastic debris of central Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gómez
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile; RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Dariela Nuñez
- Centro de investigación de polímeros avanzados (CIPA), Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Pozo K, Urbina W, Gómez V, Torres M, Nuñez D, Přibylová P, Audy O, Clarke B, Arias A, Tombesi N, Guida Y, Klánová J. Persistent organic pollutants sorbed in plastic resin pellet - "Nurdles" from coastal areas of Central Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 151:110786. [PMID: 32056585 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic resin pellets were collected from coastal areas (n = 7) of central Chile. Pellets were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for polymer identification and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) determination. Screened compounds were PBDEs (n = 10), PCBs (n = 7), and OCPs (n = 13). Pellets were only found at Lenga Beach (San Vicente Bay), which is likely influenced by the presence of industrial activities in the surrounding coastal area. The diameter of the pellets was 4.0 ± 0.6 cm (n = 370), the color varied from white (32%) to yellowing (68%), and the most prevalent polymer identified was high-density polyethylene (99%). POPs concentrations (ng/g-pellet) ranged from 10 to 133 for Ʃ10PBDEs, from 3 to 60 for Ʃ7PCBs and between 0.1 and 7 for DDTs. Levels of POPs are consistent with other investigations around the world and highlight the sorbtion capacity of plastics resin pellets, and consequently transport of POPs into coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX (Research center for toxic compounds in the environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur, 1457 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Williams Urbina
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur, 1457 Concepción, Chile
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariett Torres
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur, 1457 Concepción, Chile
| | - Dariela Nuñez
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados, Avenida Collao 1202, Edificio Laboratorio CIPA, Concepción, Chile
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research center for toxic compounds in the environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX (Research center for toxic compounds in the environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bradley Clarke
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrés Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, C.C. No804, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Química Ambiental, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norma Tombesi
- Química Ambiental, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Yago Guida
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G, Sl. 061, CEP: 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX (Research center for toxic compounds in the environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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28
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Degrendele C, Fiedler H, Kočan A, Kukučka P, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Klánová J, Lammel G. Multiyear levels of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs in background air in central Europe and implications for deposition. Chemosphere 2020; 240:124852. [PMID: 31542585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study presents four years ambient monitoring data of seventeen 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), twelve dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) designed by the US EPA at a background site in central Europe during 2011-2014. The concentrations expressed as toxic equivalents (TEQs) using the WHO2005-scheme for PCDD/Fs (0.2 fg m-3-61.1 fg m-3) were higher than for dl-PCBs (0.01 fg m-3-2.9 fg m-3), while the opposite was found in terms of mass concentrations. ΣPAHs ranged from 0.20 ng m-3 to 134 ng m-3. The mass concentration profile of PCDD/Fs, dl-PCBs and PAHs was similar throughout the four years. PCDD/Fs and PAHs concentrations were dominated by primary sources peaking in winter, while those of dl-PCBs were controlled by secondary sources characterized by a spring-summer peak. During 2011-2014, no significant decrease in the atmospheric levels of ΣPCDD/Fs was observed. On the other hand, the concentrations of Σdl-PCBs and ΣPAHs were decreasing, with halving times of 5.7 and 2.7 years, respectively. We estimated that 422 pg m-2 year-1-567 pg m-2 year-1 TEQ PCDD/Fs and 3.48 pg m-2 year-1-15.8 pg m-2 year-1 TEQ dl-PCBs were transferred from the air to the ground surfaces via dry particulate deposition during 2011-2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Degrendele
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Heidelore Fiedler
- Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Anton Kočan
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Masaryk University, RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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29
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Mulder MD, Dumanoglu Y, Efstathiou C, Kukučka P, Matejovičová J, Maurer C, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Sofuoglu A, Sofuoglu SC, Wilson J, Zetzsch C, Wotawa G, Lammel G. Fast Formation of Nitro-PAHs in the Marine Atmosphere Constrained in a Regional-Scale Lagrangian Field Experiment. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:8914-8924. [PMID: 31240924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some of their nitrated derivatives, NPAHs, are seemingly ubiquitous in the atmospheric environment. Atmospheric lifetimes may nevertheless vary within a wide range, and be as short as a few hours. The sources and sinks of NPAH in the atmosphere are not well understood. With a Lagrangian field experiment and modeling, we studied the conversion of the semivolatile PAHs fluoranthene and pyrene into the 2-nitro derivatives 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene in a cloud-free marine atmosphere on the time scale of hours to 1 day between a coastal and an island site. Chemistry and transport during several episodes was simulated by a Lagrangian box model i.e., a box model coupled to a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, FLEXPART-WRF. It is found that the chemical kinetic data do capture photochemical degradation of the 4-ring PAHs under ambient conditions on the time scale of hours to 1 day, while the production of the corresponding NPAH, which sustained 2-nitrofluoranthene/fluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene/pyrene yields of (3.7 ± 0.2) and (1.5 ± 0.1)%, respectively, is by far underestimated. Predicted levels of NPAH come close to observed ones, when kinetic data describing the reactivity of the OH-adduct were explored by means of theoretically based estimates. Predictions are also underestimated by 1-2 orders of magnitude, when NPAH/PAH yields reported from laboratory experiments conducted under high NOx conditions are adopted for the simulations. It is concluded that NPAH sources effective under low NOx conditions, are largely underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie D Mulder
- Masaryk University , Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
- Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik , Wien , Austria
| | - Yetkin Dumanoglu
- Dokuz Eylül University , Environmental Engineering Dept. , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Christos Efstathiou
- Masaryk University , Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University , Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Matejovičová
- Masaryk University , Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
- Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | | | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University , Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- Masaryk University , Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Aysun Sofuoglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology , Chemical Engineering Dept. , Urla , Turkey
| | - Sait C Sofuoglu
- Izmir Institute of Technology , Chemical Engineering Dept. , Urla , Turkey
- Izmir Institute of Technology , Environmental Engineering Dept. , Urla , Turkey
| | - Jake Wilson
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Multiphase Chemistry Dept. , Mainz , Germany
| | - Cornelius Zetzsch
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Multiphase Chemistry Dept. , Mainz , Germany
| | - Gerhard Wotawa
- Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik , Wien , Austria
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Masaryk University , Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 , Brno , Czech Republic
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Multiphase Chemistry Dept. , Mainz , Germany
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30
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Nežiková B, Degrendele C, Čupr P, Hohenblum P, Moche W, Prokeš R, Vaňková L, Kukučka P, Martiník J, Audy O, Přibylová P, Holoubek I, Weiss P, Klánová J, Lammel G. Bulk atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Central Europe. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:23429-23441. [PMID: 31201702 PMCID: PMC6667414 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous and toxic contaminants. Their atmospheric deposition fluxes on the regional scale were quantified based on simultaneous sampling during 1 to 5 years at 1 to 6 background/rural sites in the Czech Republic and Austria. The samples were extracted and analysed by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For all seasons and sites, total deposition fluxes for Σ15PAHs ranged 23-1100 ng m-2 d-1, while those for Σ6PCBs and Σ12OCPs ranged 64-4400 and 410-7800 pg m-2 d-1, respectively. Fluoranthene and pyrene were the main contributors to the PAH deposition fluxes, accounting on average for 19% each, while deposition fluxes of PCBs and OCPs were dominated by PCB153 (26%) and γ-hexachlorobenzene (30%), respectively. The highest deposition flux of Σ15PAHs was generally found in spring, while no seasonality was found for PCB deposition. For deposition fluxes for Σ12OCPs, no clear spatial trend was found, confirming the perception of long-lived regional pollutants. Although most OCPs and PCBs hardly partition to the particulate phase in ambient air, on average, 42% of their deposition fluxes were found on filters, confirming the perception that particle deposition is more efficient than dry gaseous deposition. Due to methodological constraints, fluxes derived from bulk deposition samplers should be understood as lower estimates, in particular with regard to those substances which in ambient aerosols mostly partition to the particulate phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Nežiková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Céline Degrendele
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Čupr
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Roman Prokeš
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vaňková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Martiník
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Holoubek
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Klánová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.
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31
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Kalina J, White KB, Scheringer M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Audy O, Klánová J. Comparability of long-term temporal trends of POPs from co-located active and passive air monitoring networks in Europe. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2019; 21:1132-1142. [PMID: 31245802 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00136k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The comparability of data from active (ACT) and passive sampling (PAS) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in air is hindered by uncertainties related to the derivation of sampling rates and concentrations, as well as differences in the duration, volume and frequency of sampling. Although data from ACT have been used extensively in short-term PAS calibration studies, no attempts have been made to evaluate the comparability of long-term trends calculated from PAS to established ACT trends. This is crucial, as continuous long-term ACT is unfeasible in most regions of the world. To address these challenges, we calculated and compared trends for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) at the six sites in Europe with at least 5 years of co-located ACT and PAS data (2012-2016): Birkenes, Košetice, Pallas, Råö, Stórhöfði and Zeppelin. Strong agreement of ACT and PAS trends was observed for most OCPs and PCBs. Apart from two PCBs at Stórhöfði, all pairs of ACT and PAS trends followed the same direction. However, differences in the magnitude, significance and confidence intervals of their slopes were observed for some compounds and were primarily attributed to the short duration of the PAS time series. Despite some limitations, our results suggest that the comparability of ACT and PAS POP trends will continue to improve with additional years of data. This study confirms the suitability of PAS for the calculation of long-term POP trends in air, and highlights the importance of continuous sampling at established monitoring sites with consistent analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kalina
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kevin B White
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic. and Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX Centre, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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32
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Pozo K, Gomez V, Torres M, Vera L, Nuñez D, Oyarzún P, Mendoza G, Clarke B, Fossi MC, Baini M, Přibylová P, Klánová J. Presence and characterization of microplastics in fish of commercial importance from the Biobío region in central Chile. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 140:315-319. [PMID: 30803650 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have identified and characterized microplastic particles (MPs) found in six fish species of commercial importance in central Chile. The fish species belong to different trophic levels and were obtained from the oceanic and coastal habitats. To analyze MPs, the fish gastrointestinal content was extracted, analyzed and characterized using a microscopy equipped with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The MPs found in fish samples were mainly constituted by red microfibers (70-100%) with sizes ranging between 176 and 2842 μm. Polyester, polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were identified as the prevalent polymers detected. The coastal species showed the presence of microfibers with a higher size and abundance (71%) compared to oceanic species (29%), suggesting there is a greater exposure risk. These findings are consistent with results found in other investigations worldwide. However, further research is still needed to accurately establish the potential exposure risk for the public consuming these fish and the impact of MPs in the Chilean fishery activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Victoria Gomez
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mariett Torres
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Vera
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dariela Nuñez
- Centro de Investigación de Polímeros Avanzados, Avenida Collao 1202, Edificio Laboratorio CIPA, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricio Oyarzún
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación Pesquera S.A. (INPESCA) Región del Biobío, Avenida Cristobal Colón 2780, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Bradley Clarke
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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33
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Kalina J, Scheringer M, Borůvková J, Kukučka P, Přibylová P, Sáňka O, Melymuk L, Váňa M, Klánová J. Characterizing Spatial Diversity of Passive Sampling Sites for Measuring Levels and Trends of Semivolatile Organic Chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:10599-10608. [PMID: 30107733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Passive air sampling of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) is a relatively inexpensive method that facilitates extensive campaigns with numerous sampling sites. An important question in the design of passive-sampling networks concerns the number and location of samplers. We investigate this question with the example of 17 SVOCs sampled at 14 background sites across the Czech Republic. More than 200 time series (length 5-11 years) were used to characterize SVOC levels and trends in air between 2003 and 2015. Six polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 6 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and 5 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) at 14 sites were assessed using data from the MONET passive sampling network. Significant decreases were found for most PCBs and OCPs whereas hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and most PAHs showed (mostly insignificant) increases. Spatial variability was rather low for PCBs and OCPs except for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and rather high for PAHs. The variability of the SVOC levels and trends depends on characteristics of the sites including their remoteness, landscape, population, and pollution sources. The sites can be grouped in distinct clusters, which helps to identify similar and, thereby, potentially redundant sites. This information is useful when monitoring networks need to be optimized regarding the location and number of sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kalina
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics , ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Jana Borůvková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Milan Váňa
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute - Košetice Observatory , 394 22 Košetice , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
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Cotronei S, Pozo K, Audy O, Přibylová P, Corsolini S. Contamination Profile of DDTs in the Shark Somniosus microcephalus from Greenland Seawaters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:7-13. [PMID: 29845485 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DDT isomers were detected in all the liver and muscle samples of Greenland sharks Somniosus microcephalus (n = 15) caught in Greenland seawaters. The mean concentrations of ΣDDTs (sum of o,p' and p,p' DDT, DDD, and DDE isomers) were 1094 ± 818 ng/g lipid weight (lw) in the muscle and 761 ± 416 ng/g lw in the liver. The p,p'-DDE accounted for 48% ± 41% and 53% ± 54% of the total DDT residue in the white muscle and liver, respectively. The lipid content was 48% ± 10% in the muscle and 43% ± 17% in the liver. Female sharks showed the highest concentrations of ΣDDTs. The youngest shark showed higher concentrations of ΣDDTs in the liver than the older sharks. To our knowledge, this is one of the few investigations on DDT levels in S. microcephalus where concentrations were correlated to lipid content and sex/size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Cotronei
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simonetta Corsolini
- Department of Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Sharma BM, Melymuk L, Bharat GK, Přibylová P, Sáňka O, Klánová J, Nizzetto L. Spatial gradients of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, atmospheric deposition, and surface water of the Ganges River basin. Sci Total Environ 2018; 627:1495-1504. [PMID: 30857111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous semi-volatile organic pollutants. Their environmental occurrence is of global concern as some of them are carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens. In this study, concentrations and distributions of 16 priority PAHs (∑PAHs) were measured in air, atmospheric deposition, and surface water at various locations in Himalayan, Middle, and Lower Reaches of the Ganges River, covering a spatial transect of 2500km, during two seasons (pre-monsoon and monsoon). The concentration of ∑PAHs ranged between 2.2 and 182.2ngm-3 in air, between 186 and 8810ngm-2day-1 in atmospheric deposition, and between 0.05 and 65.9ngL-1 in surface water. Air concentrations were strongly correlated with human population density. In the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Ganges River, atmospheric PAHs were mainly attributed to fossil fuel combustion sources. In the Himalayan Reach the influence of forest fire or biomass combustion was evident during the dry pre-monsoon season. Seasonality in concentrations of PAHs in river water was evident in the Himalayan Reach of the river, as a probable consequence of climate-modulated secondary source intensity (i.e. releases from glacier melting). Seasonality faded in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Ganges where water contamination is expected to mainly reflect anthropogenic primary sources. Ambient air concentrations were used to calculate the probabilistic incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). It was expectedly found to be higher in the Middle and Lower Reaches compared to the Himalayan Reach. The strong correlation between population density and air concentrations suggests population density may be used as a surrogate variable to assess human health risk in data-sparse regions such as the Ganges River basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Mohan Sharma
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Girija K Bharat
- Mu Gamma Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Sector-50, Gurgaon, Haryana 122018, India; The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway
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Kosior G, Přibylová P, Vaňková L, Kukučka P, Audy O, Klánová J, Samecka-Cymerman A, Mróz L, Kempers AJ. Bioindication of PBDEs and PCBs by native and transplanted moss Pleurozium schreberi. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 143:136-142. [PMID: 28528316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs and PCBs are toxic, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and the use of PCBs is forbidden, but they are still present in many environments and biota. 90-day assays were conducted with the moss Pleurozium schreberi transplanted from an uncontaminated control site to ten sites (rural and urban) selected in one of the most polluted regions of Upper Silesia in Poland. Native P. schreberi mosses were collected from the same ten polluted sites. Concentrations of PBDEs (28, 47, 66, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) and PCBs (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) were determined in all native and transplanted P. schreberi from all sites. Native P. schreberi contained the highest ΣPBDE and ΣPCB levels (63.6ngg-1 and 4.47pgg-1, respectively) when collected in the vicinity of a steel smelter. After 90 days of the experiment native and transplanted P. schreberi contained the highest concentrations of the same BDE 209 congener (88-91% of total PBDEs in the native mosses and 85-90% of the total PBDE burden in the transplants). The native and transplanted mosses from the industrial sites after 90 days of exposure contained significantly higher concentrations of all the examined PBDE and PCB congeners (except for 153 and 180) than mosses from rural sites. PBDE and PCB values were higher in native than in transplanted mosses after 90 days of exposure in both rural and industrial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kosior
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Vaňková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Klánová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 6250 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Lucyna Mróz
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University, ul. Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Alexander J Kempers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Environmental Science, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Kalina J, Scheringer M, Borůvková J, Kukučka P, Přibylová P, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Klánová J. Passive Air Samplers As a Tool for Assessing Long-Term Trends in Atmospheric Concentrations of Semivolatile Organic Compounds. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:7047-7054. [PMID: 28534402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to quantify the relationship between the amount of persistent organic pollutants sequestered by passive air sampling devices and their actual concentrations in ambient air. However, this information may not be necessary for some applications. In this study, two sets of 30 ten-year-long time series of simultaneous passive and high-volume active air sampling carried out at the Košetice observatory in the Czech Republic were used for a comparison of temporal trends. Fifteen polyaromatic hydrocarbons, seven polychlorinated biphenyls and eight organochlorine pesticides were investigated. In most cases, a good agreement was observed between the trends derived from passive and active monitoring with the exception of several compounds obviously affected by sampling artifacts. Two sampling artifacts were observed: breakthrough of high-volume sampler filters for penta- and hexachlorobenzene and semiquantitative values for PAHs with a high molecular weight. It has been suggested before that annually aggregated results of passive air monitoring may be used directly for the assessment of the long-term behavior of these compounds. The extensive set of long-term data used in this study allowed us to confirm this finding and to demonstrate that it is also possible to derive temporal trends and the compounds' half-lives in air from the passive-sampling time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kalina
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Borůvková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Klánová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Estellano VH, Pozo K, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Audy O, Focardi S. Assessment of seasonal variations in persistent organic pollutants across the region of Tuscany using passive air samplers. Environ Pollut 2017; 222:609-616. [PMID: 28089209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured for an entire year in the region of Tuscany, Italy. Passive air samplers consisting of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks were deployed over four sampling periods of 3-5 months from April 2008 to July 2009 in urban (n = 6) and rural (n = 4) sites. The aim of the study was to characterize the spatial and seasonal variations in selected POPs. The POP concentrations (pg m-3) in the air were dominated by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (∑7PCBs). DDTs, and ∑7PCBs showed a clear decreasing urban > rural gradient. The concentrations of DDTs and PCBs were up to 10 and 6 times higher, respectively, in urban sites than in rural sites. ∑7PCBs showed a significant correlation with the urbanized areas located <5 km around the sampling sites. For hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), α-HCH concentrations were similar at both sampling sites and were found to be quite uniform during the four sampling periods. Seasonal fluctuations were observed for DDTs, and ∑7PCBs, with the highest concentrations observed during period 4 (summer-spring); this is most likely due to a temperature-driven re-emission from local sources. These findings were also supported by an air back trajectory analysis in the study area. This study contributes new information about POP levels in the Italian atmosphere and demonstrates the feasibility of using PUF disks to simultaneously assess seasonal concentrations at different sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Estellano
- RECETOX Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Karla Pozo
- RECETOX Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Ribera 2850, P.C. 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- RECETOX Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Silvano Focardi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Pozo K, Sarkar SK, Estellano VH, Mitra S, Audi O, Kukucka P, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Corsolini S. Passive air sampling of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and emerging compounds in Kolkata megacity and rural mangrove wetland Sundarban in India: An approach to regional monitoring. Chemosphere 2017; 168:1430-1438. [PMID: 27912912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers were deployed concurrently at five sites across Kolkata megacity and the rural mangrove wetland of Sundarban (UNESCO World Heritage Site) between January-March in 2014. Samples were analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltricholoroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Derived air concentrations (pg/m3) for Kolkata ranged: for ∑α- and γ-HCH between 70 and 207 (114 ± 62), ∑6DDTs: 127-216 (161 ± 36), ∑7PCBs: 53-213 (141 ± 64), and ∑10PBDEs: 0.30-23 (11 ± 9). Low values for all the studied POPs were recorded in the remote area of the Sundarban site (with the exception of DDTs: o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT), where ∑4DDTs was 161 ± 36. In particular, the site of Ballygunge, located in the southern part of Kolkata, showed the highest level of all the metabolites/congeners of POPs, suggesting a potential hot spot of usage and emissions. From HCHs, α-/γ-HCH isomers ratio was low (0.67-1.96) indicating a possible sporadic source of lindane. γ-HCH dominated the HCH signal (at 3 sites) reflecting wide spread use of lindane both in Kolkata and the Sundarban region; however, isomeric composition in Kolkata also suggests potential technical HCHs use. Among DDT metabolites, both o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT shared the dominant percentages accounting for ∼26-46% of total DDTs followed by p,p'-DDE (∼12-19%). The PCB congener profile was dominated by tri- and tetra-Cl at the southern and eastern part of Kolkata. These results are one of the few contributions that reports air concentrations of POPs, concurrently, at urban and remote villages in India. These data are useful to assess atmospheric pollution levels and to motivate local and regional authorities to better understand the potential human exposure risk associated to urban areas in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Alonso de Ribera 2850, 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile; Universitá degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento Scienze fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Santosh Kumar Sarkar
- University of Calcutta, Department of Marine Science, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700 019, West Bengal, India
| | - Victor H Estellano
- Universitá degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento Scienze fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Soumita Mitra
- University of Calcutta, Department of Marine Science, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta, 700 019, West Bengal, India
| | - Ondrej Audi
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukucka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simonetta Corsolini
- Universitá degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento Scienze fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Tombesi N, Pozo K, Álvarez M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Audy O, Klánová J. Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments and soils from the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (South eastern part of the GRULAC region). Sci Total Environ 2017; 575:1470-1476. [PMID: 27780594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PCBs and PBDEs (7 and 10 congeners, respectively) were analyzed in four coastal surface sediments collected from the northern shore of Bahía Blanca estuary and in nine soils from different locations of Bahía Blanca city and the surrounding region (Southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Sediment samples showed PCBs(Σ7) concentrations ranged from 0.61 to 17.6ngg-1 (dry weight=dw) and PBDEs(Σ10) from 0.16 to 2.02ngg-1 dw, whereas in soil samples ranged from 0.04 to 1.67ngg-1 dw for PCBs(Σ7) and 0.04 to 10.7ngg-1 dw for PBDEs(Σ10). The highest concentrations of both chemicals were detected in the urban and industrial/port areas showing a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCB congeners: in sediments for PCB-180 (56±33%) and PCB-153 (11±6%); and in soils for PCB-138 (23±3%), PCB-153 (22±2%) and PCB-180 (18±7%). In contrast, lower chlorinated PCB congeners were predominant at more distant sites; in sediments for congeners PCB-28 (33±4%) and PCB-52 (14.5±0.2%); and in soils PCB-28 (56±14%) and PCB-52 (33±19%). PBDE-209 (high brominated PBDE) showed the highest relative abundance in both sample types i.e., sediment (94±7%) and soil (80±12%). These findings can be considered lower or similar when compared with other sites of the world, and are likely associated with anthropogenic activities in their surrounding area, which has experienced a fast industrial growth in the last decade. This is the first investigation of PBDEs levels in the whole study area and of PCBs in soils from the Bahía Blanca city and surrounding region. This article provides new and useful information on POP levels in the South eastern part of the GRULAC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Tombesi
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mónica Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Melymuk L, Bohlin-Nizzetto P, Vojta Š, Krátká M, Kukučka P, Audy O, Přibylová P, Klánová J. Distribution of legacy and emerging semivolatile organic compounds in five indoor matrices in a residential environment. Chemosphere 2016; 153:179-186. [PMID: 27016813 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seven types of indoor samples, covering five indoor matrices, were collected in a residential room, and analyzed for five classes of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The goal was to improve the understanding of the relationship between indoor air, surface films and dust, based on differences in sources, physicochemical properties, and indoor environmental characteristics. Comparisons of the five matrices (gas- and particle-phase air, floor dust, surface dust/films and window films) demonstrated that within our test room a semi-quantitative measurement of the SVOC distributions and concentrations could be obtained by air, and composite dust or furniture surface wipes. Dust concentrations varied within the room, and spot samples were not necessarily representative of the average room conditions. Polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) successfully quantified the total air concentrations of the studied SVOC compound groups, as indoor air concentrations were dominated by gas-phase compounds, however air concentrations of individual particle-bound compounds had higher uncertainty. Measured concentrations of dust/surfaces could be used to estimate air concentrations of legacy SVOCs, demonstrating equilibrium in the room. However, air concentrations of current-use compounds (flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) could not be estimated from dust/surface concentrations, demonstrating the influence of ongoing primary emissions and non-equilibrium status in the room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Melymuk
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Instituttveien 18, PO Box 100, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Šimon Vojta
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Krátká
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Pavilion A29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Degrendele C, Audy O, Hofman J, Kučerik J, Kukučka P, Mulder MD, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Šáňka M, Schaumann GE, Lammel G. Diurnal Variations of Air-Soil Exchange of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs, and PBDEs) in a Central European Receptor Area. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:4278-88. [PMID: 27007480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in air and soil, their fugacities, and the experimental soil-air partitioning coefficient (KSA) were determined at two background sites in the Gt. Hungarian Plain in August 2013. The concentrations of the semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) in the soil were not correlated with the organic carbon content but with two indirect parameters of mineralization and aromaticity, suggesting that soil organic matter quality is an important parameter affecting the sorption of SOCs onto soils. Predictions based on the assumption that absorption is the dominant process were in good agreement with the measurements for PAHs, OCPs, and the low chlorinated PCBs. In general, soils were found to be a source of PAHs, high chlorinated PCBs, the majority of OCPs and PBDEs, and a sink for the low chlorinated PCBs and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane. Diurnal variations in the direction of the soil-air exchange were found for two compounds (i.e., pentachlorobenzene and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane), with volatilization during the day and deposition in the night. The concentrations of most SOCs in the near-ground atmosphere were dominated by revolatilization from the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Degrendele
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiři Kučerik
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie D Mulder
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Šáňka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele E Schaumann
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau , Fortstrasse 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry , Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Sharma BM, Nizzetto L, Bharat GK, Tayal S, Melymuk L, Sáňka O, Přibylová P, Audy O, Larssen T. Melting Himalayan glaciers contaminated by legacy atmospheric depositions are important sources of PCBs and high-molecular-weight PAHs for the Ganges floodplain during dry periods. Environ Pollut 2015; 206:588-596. [PMID: 26312740 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Melting glaciers are natural redistributors of legacy airborne pollutants, affecting exposure of pristine proglacial environments. Our data shows that melting Himalayan glaciers can be major contributors of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for surface water in the Gangetic Plain during the dry season. Glacial emissions can exceed in some cases inputs from diffuse sources within the catchment. We analyzed air, deposition and river water in several sections along the Ganges River and its major headwaters. The predominant glacial origin of these contaminants in the Himalayan reach was demonstrated using air-water fugacity ratios and mass balance analysis. The proportion of meltwater emissions compared to pollutant discharge at downstream sections in the central part of the Gangetic Plain was between 2 and 200%. By remobilizing legacy pollutants from melting glaciers, climate change can enhance exposure levels over large and already heavily impacted regions of Northern India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Mohan Sharma
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Luca Nizzetto
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, 0349, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic.
| | - Girija K Bharat
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Shresth Tayal
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India; The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Lisa Melymuk
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sáňka
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Thorjørn Larssen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo, 0349, Norway
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Lammel G, Audy O, Besis A, Efstathiou C, Eleftheriadis K, Kohoutek J, Kukučka P, Mulder MD, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Rusina TP, Samara C, Sofuoglu A, Sofuoglu SC, Taşdemir Y, Vassilatou V, Voutsa D, Vrana B. Air and seawater pollution and air-sea gas exchange of persistent toxic substances in the Aegean Sea: spatial trends of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and PBDEs. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:11301-13. [PMID: 25804661 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Near-ground air (26 substances) and surface seawater (55 substances) concentrations of persistent toxic substances (PTS) were determined in July 2012 in a coordinated and coherent way around the Aegean Sea based on passive air (10 sites in 5 areas) and water (4 sites in 2 areas) sampling. The direction of air-sea exchange was determined for 18 PTS. Identical samplers were deployed at all sites and were analysed at one laboratory. hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products are evenly distributed in the air of the whole region. Air concentrations of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and o,p'-DDT and seawater concentrations of p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were elevated in Thermaikos Gulf, northwestern Aegean Sea. The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener pattern in air is identical throughout the region, while polybrominated diphenylether (PBDE)patterns are obviously dissimilar between Greece and Turkey. Various pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs, DDE, and penta- and hexachlorobenzene are found close to phase equilibrium or net-volatilisational (upward flux), similarly at a remote site (on Crete) and in the more polluted Thermaikos Gulf. The results suggest that effective passive air sampling volumes may not be representative across sites when PAHs significantly partitioning to the particulate phase are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Lammel
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic,
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Pozo K, Kukučka P, Vaňková L, Přibylová P, Klánová J, Rudolph A, Banguera Y, Monsalves J, Contreras S, Barra R, Ahumada R. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Concepción Bay, central Chile after the 2010 Tsunami. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 95:480-483. [PMID: 25963572 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs (10 congeners) were analyzed using GC-MS in superficial sediments and organisms of the Concepción Bay after the 2010 Tsunami. From all congeners analyzed PBDE-47, -99, -100 and -209 were the most frequently detected. Concentrations (ngg(-1) d.w.) in sediments for ΣPBDE-47, -99, -100 were low (0.02-0.09). However, PBDE-209 showed significantly higher values ∼20ngg(-1) d.w. This result were ∼10 times lower than those reported in a previous study of the 2010 Tsunami. The high result might be influenced by the massive urban debris dragged by the 2010 Tsunami. In organisms, concentrations of PBDE-47, -99, -100 (∼0.4ngg(-1) d.w.) were higher than those found in sediments (∼0.04ngg(-1) d.w.). Differences in PBDE pattern were also observed between different levels of the trophic food chain (primary and secondary consumers). This is the first attempt to assess the current status of Concepción Bay after the 2010 Tsunami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Pozo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Vaňková
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anny Rudolph
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yulieth Banguera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Sergio Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ricardo Barra
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales/Centro Eula-Chile, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ramón Ahumada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Roots O, Lukki T, Přibylová P, Borůvková J, Kukučka P, Audy O, Kalina J, Klánová J, Holoubek I, Sweetman A, Schleicher O. Measurements of persistent organic pollutants in Estonian ambient air (1990–2013). Proc Estonian Acad Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3176/proc.2015.2.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Bohlin P, Audy O, Škrdlíková L, Kukučka P, Vojta Š, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Čupr P, Klánová J. Evaluation and guidelines for using polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air samplers in double-dome chambers to assess semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in non-industrial indoor environments. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:2617-2626. [PMID: 25274245 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00305e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution has been recognized as an important risk factor for human health, especially in areas where people tend to spend most of their time indoors. Many semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) have primarily indoor sources and are present in orders of magnitude higher concentrations indoors than outdoors. Despite this, awareness of SVOCs in indoor air and assessment of the link between indoor concentrations and human health have lagged behind those of outdoor air. This is partially related to challenges associated with indoor sampling of SVOCs. Passive air samplers (PASs), which are widely accepted in established outdoor air monitoring networks, have been used to fill the knowledge gaps on indoor SVOCs distribution. However, their applicability for indoor environments and the assessment of human health risks lack sufficient experimental data. To address this issue, we performed an indoor calibration study of polyurethane foam (PUF) PAS deployed in a double-dome chamber, covering both legacy and new SVOC classes. PUF-PAS and a continuous low-volume active air sampler (AAS) were co-deployed for a calibration period of twelve weeks. Based on the results from this evaluation, PUF-PAS in a double-bowl chamber is recommended for indoor sampling and health risk assessment of gas phase SVOCs, including novel brominated flame retardants (nBFR) providing sufficient exposure time is applied. Data for particle associated SVOCs suffered from significant uncertainties caused by low level of detection and low precision in this study. A more open chamber design for indoor studies may allow for higher sampling rates (RS) and better performance for the particle associated SVOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Bohlin
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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48
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Bohlin P, Audy O, Škrdlíková L, Kukučka P, Přibylová P, Prokeš R, Vojta Š, Klánová J. Outdoor passive air monitoring of semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs): a critical evaluation of performance and limitations of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:433-444. [PMID: 24526226 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly used passive air sampler (PAS) (i.e. polyurethane foam (PUF) disk) is cheap, versatile, and capable of accumulating compounds present both in gas and particle phases. Its performance for particle associated compounds is however disputable. In this study, twelve sets of triplicate PUF-PAS were deployed outdoors for exposure periods of 1-12 weeks together with continuously operated active samplers, to characterize sampling efficiency and derive sampling rates (RS) for compounds belonging to 7 SVOC classes (including particle associated compounds). PUF-PAS efficiently and consistently sampled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and eight novel brominated flame retardant (nBFR) compounds. Low accuracy and lack of sensitivity was observed for most polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans PCDD/Fs and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (under the conditions of this study), with the exception of some congeners which may be used as qualitative markers for their respective classes. Application of compound specific RS was found crucial for all compounds except PCBs. Sampling efficiency of the particle associated compounds was often low.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bohlin
- Resarch Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lácha J, Bushell A, Smetana K, Rossmann P, Přibylová P, Wood K, Malý P. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and selectin ligands in acute cardiac allograft rejection: a study on gene‐deficient mouse models. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.71.2.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Lácha
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Bushell
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic; and Departments of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossmann
- Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, and Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Mammalian Development, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kathryn Wood
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Malý
- Mammalian Development, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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