1
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Yao Z, van Velthoven CTJ, Kunst M, Zhang M, McMillen D, Lee C, Jung W, Goldy J, Abdelhak A, Aitken M, Baker K, Baker P, Barkan E, Bertagnolli D, Bhandiwad A, Bielstein C, Bishwakarma P, Campos J, Carey D, Casper T, Chakka AB, Chakrabarty R, Chavan S, Chen M, Clark M, Close J, Crichton K, Daniel S, DiValentin P, Dolbeare T, Ellingwood L, Fiabane E, Fliss T, Gee J, Gerstenberger J, Glandon A, Gloe J, Gould J, Gray J, Guilford N, Guzman J, Hirschstein D, Ho W, Hooper M, Huang M, Hupp M, Jin K, Kroll M, Lathia K, Leon A, Li S, Long B, Madigan Z, Malloy J, Malone J, Maltzer Z, Martin N, McCue R, McGinty R, Mei N, Melchor J, Meyerdierks E, Mollenkopf T, Moonsman S, Nguyen TN, Otto S, Pham T, Rimorin C, Ruiz A, Sanchez R, Sawyer L, Shapovalova N, Shepard N, Slaughterbeck C, Sulc J, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Tung H, Valera Cuevas N, Vance S, Wadhwani K, Ward K, Levi B, Farrell C, Young R, Staats B, Wang MQM, Thompson CL, Mufti S, Pagan CM, Kruse L, Dee N, Sunkin SM, Esposito L, Hawrylycz MJ, Waters J, Ng L, Smith K, Tasic B, Zhuang X, Zeng H. A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain. Nature 2023; 624:317-332. [PMID: 38092916 PMCID: PMC10719114 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain consists of millions to billions of cells that are organized into many cell types with specific spatial distribution patterns and structural and functional properties1-3. Here we report a comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas for the whole adult mouse brain. The cell-type atlas was created by combining a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of around 7 million cells profiled (approximately 4.0 million cells passing quality control), and a spatial transcriptomic dataset of approximately 4.3 million cells using multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH). The atlas is hierarchically organized into 4 nested levels of classification: 34 classes, 338 subclasses, 1,201 supertypes and 5,322 clusters. We present an online platform, Allen Brain Cell Atlas, to visualize the mouse whole-brain cell-type atlas along with the single-cell RNA-sequencing and MERFISH datasets. We systematically analysed the neuronal and non-neuronal cell types across the brain and identified a high degree of correspondence between transcriptomic identity and spatial specificity for each cell type. The results reveal unique features of cell-type organization in different brain regions-in particular, a dichotomy between the dorsal and ventral parts of the brain. The dorsal part contains relatively fewer yet highly divergent neuronal types, whereas the ventral part contains more numerous neuronal types that are more closely related to each other. Our study also uncovered extraordinary diversity and heterogeneity in neurotransmitter and neuropeptide expression and co-expression patterns in different cell types. Finally, we found that transcription factors are major determinants of cell-type classification and identified a combinatorial transcription factor code that defines cell types across all parts of the brain. The whole mouse brain transcriptomic and spatial cell-type atlas establishes a benchmark reference atlas and a foundational resource for integrative investigations of cellular and circuit function, development and evolution of the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | | | - Meng Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Won Jung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Baker
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Carey
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jennie Close
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Scott Daniel
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Tim Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Gee
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James Gray
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Windy Ho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mike Huang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madie Hupp
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Jin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kanan Lathia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arielle Leon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Su Li
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zach Madigan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Zoe Maltzer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naomi Martin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel McCue
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ryan McGinty
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mei
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose Melchor
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sven Otto
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lane Sawyer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Noah Shepard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Shane Vance
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Boaz Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Rob Young
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Staats
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Shoaib Mufti
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Kruse
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Yao Z, van Velthoven CTJ, Kunst M, Zhang M, McMillen D, Lee C, Jung W, Goldy J, Abdelhak A, Baker P, Barkan E, Bertagnolli D, Campos J, Carey D, Casper T, Chakka AB, Chakrabarty R, Chavan S, Chen M, Clark M, Close J, Crichton K, Daniel S, Dolbeare T, Ellingwood L, Gee J, Glandon A, Gloe J, Gould J, Gray J, Guilford N, Guzman J, Hirschstein D, Ho W, Jin K, Kroll M, Lathia K, Leon A, Long B, Maltzer Z, Martin N, McCue R, Meyerdierks E, Nguyen TN, Pham T, Rimorin C, Ruiz A, Shapovalova N, Slaughterbeck C, Sulc J, Tieu M, Torkelson A, Tung H, Cuevas NV, Wadhwani K, Ward K, Levi B, Farrell C, Thompson CL, Mufti S, Pagan CM, Kruse L, Dee N, Sunkin SM, Esposito L, Hawrylycz MJ, Waters J, Ng L, Smith KA, Tasic B, Zhuang X, Zeng H. A high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial atlas of cell types in the whole mouse brain. bioRxiv 2023:2023.03.06.531121. [PMID: 37034735 PMCID: PMC10081189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain is composed of millions to billions of cells that are organized into numerous cell types with specific spatial distribution patterns and structural and functional properties. An essential step towards understanding brain function is to obtain a parts list, i.e., a catalog of cell types, of the brain. Here, we report a comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell type atlas for the whole adult mouse brain. The cell type atlas was created based on the combination of two single-cell-level, whole-brain-scale datasets: a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of ~7 million cells profiled, and a spatially resolved transcriptomic dataset of ~4.3 million cells using MERFISH. The atlas is hierarchically organized into five nested levels of classification: 7 divisions, 32 classes, 306 subclasses, 1,045 supertypes and 5,200 clusters. We systematically analyzed the neuronal, non-neuronal, and immature neuronal cell types across the brain and identified a high degree of correspondence between transcriptomic identity and spatial specificity for each cell type. The results reveal unique features of cell type organization in different brain regions, in particular, a dichotomy between the dorsal and ventral parts of the brain: the dorsal part contains relatively fewer yet highly divergent neuronal types, whereas the ventral part contains more numerous neuronal types that are more closely related to each other. We also systematically characterized cell-type specific expression of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and transcription factors. The study uncovered extraordinary diversity and heterogeneity in neurotransmitter and neuropeptide expression and co-expression patterns in different cell types across the brain, suggesting they mediate a myriad of modes of intercellular communications. Finally, we found that transcription factors are major determinants of cell type classification in the adult mouse brain and identified a combinatorial transcription factor code that defines cell types across all parts of the brain. The whole-mouse-brain transcriptomic and spatial cell type atlas establishes a benchmark reference atlas and a foundational resource for deep and integrative investigations of cell type and circuit function, development, and evolution of the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Meng Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Won Jung
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Pamela Baker
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eliza Barkan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Carey
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jennie Close
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Scott Daniel
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James Gee
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James Gray
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Windy Ho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Jin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kanan Lathia
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Arielle Leon
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zoe Maltzer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Naomi Martin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel McCue
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Josef Sulc
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Tieu
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Herman Tung
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Katelyn Ward
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Boaz Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Shoaib Mufti
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Kruse
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Chavan S, Bhattacharya S. Study of employees’ behavior during organizational change: effects of business theatre on Kübler-Ross model. CM 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.237243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose – This article aims to study the employees’ behavior during organizational change and the effects of business theatre on the Kübler-Ross Model to boost the employees’ spirit so that the efficiency of an organization would increase. Design/methodology/approach – The authors revisit the insights from previous work on the role of organizational change and its effects on employees’ behavior. Classic KüblerRoss Model has been used in this study to analyze employees’ behavior during the change process. Findings – This article shows how business theatre can act as a healer and help employees overcome emotional turmoil. Eventually, the implementation of business theatre may shorten the time taken by the employees when they go through shock-denial-anger-bargaining-depression-acceptance-commitment phases of grief. Originality/value – The paper provides new insights into the role of business theatre in organizational change management. It focuses on the interrelationship between both, with the help of the conceptual framework of the Kübler-Ross Model, which explains employees’ behavior during the organizational change.
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4
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Taniguchi H, Zhan Y, Hasan M, Chavan S, Uddin F, Allaj V, Manoj P, Shah N, Chan J, Chow A, Offin M, Bhanot U, Egger J, Qiu J, De Stanchina E, Chang J, Rekhtman N, Houck-Loomis B, Koche R, Yu H, Sen T, Rudin C. MA11.06 Multi-Omic Characterization of Lung Tumors Implicates AKT and MYC Signaling in Adenocarcinoma to Squamous Cell Transdifferentiation. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Quintanal-Villalonga A, Taniguchi H, Hao Y, Chow A, Zhan Y, Chavan S, Uddin F, Allaj V, Manoj P, Shah N, Chan J, Offin M, Egger J, Bhanot U, Qiu J, De Stanchina E, Sen T, Poirier J, Rudin C. MA16.03 CRISPR Screen Reveals XPO1 as a Therapeutic Target Strongly Sensitizing to First and Second Line Therapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Lin AL, Jonsson P, Ogilvie S, Chavan S, Nolan C, Gavrilovic I, Kaley T, Grommes C, Pentsova E, Diamond E, Daras M, Stone J, DeAngelis L, Tabar V, Brennan C, Young RJ, Rosenblum M, Taylor BS, Mellinghoff IK. OS1.7 Genomic attributes of tumor evolution and treatment response in diffuse glioma. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A L Lin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - P Jonsson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - S Ogilvie
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - S Chavan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - C Nolan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - I Gavrilovic
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - T Kaley
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - C Grommes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - E Pentsova
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - E Diamond
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Daras
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - J Stone
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - L DeAngelis
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - V Tabar
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - C Brennan
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - R J Young
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Rosenblum
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - B S Taylor
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - I K Mellinghoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Abstract
Vitamin K3 was employed as a resistance-modifying agent to Investigate its activity in enhancing mitoxantrone (MITO)-induced cytotoxicity in parental (P388/S) and multidrug resistant (P388/ADR) P388 leukemia cells. Vitamin K3 potentiated the antitumor effects of MITO in P388/S and P388/ ADR tumor cells as monitored by inhibition of tumor cell survival (MTT assay). MITO and vitamin K3 in combination effected an enhanced inhibition of [3H]thymidine (DNA synthesis) and [3H]uridine (RNA synthesis) and also Increased the life span of the sensitive and resistant tumor-bearing animals. The effect of vitamin K3 on the induction of DNA strand breaks by MITO was also examined. Increased fragmentation of DNA was illustrated in the sensitive and resistant P388 leukemia cells exposed to the combination. Observations indicate the restoration of sensitivity in P388/ADR cells to MITO by vitamin K3 that may be due to its ability to increase the MITO-induced DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Parekh
- Chemotherapy Division, Cancer Research Institute, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Bombay, India
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Pawlyn C, Kaiser M, Heuck C, Melchor L, Wardell C, Murison A, Chavan S, Johnson D, Begum D, Proszek P, Cairns D, Boyle E, Jones J, Cook G, Drayson M, Owen R, Gregory W, Jackson G, Barlogie B, Davies F, Walker B, Morgan G. The spectrum and clinical impact of epigenetic modifier mutations in myeloma. Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Heuck CJ, Jethava Y, Khan R, van Rhee F, Zangari M, Chavan S, Robbins K, Miller SE, Matin A, Mohan M, Ali SM, Stephens PJ, Ross JS, Miller VA, Davies F, Barlogie B, Morgan G. Inhibiting MEK in MAPK pathway-activated myeloma. Leukemia 2015; 30:976-80. [PMID: 26228812 PMCID: PMC4832073 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Heuck
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Y Jethava
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - R Khan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - F van Rhee
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Zangari
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Chavan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K Robbins
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S E Miller
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Matin
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - M Mohan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - J S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - V A Miller
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - F Davies
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - B Barlogie
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - G Morgan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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10
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Chavan S. Effect of data imputation on overall standard mortality rate (SMR) in core adult patient database. Aust Crit Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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11
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Patil PG, Karemore V, Chavan S, Nimbalkar-Patil SR, Kulkarni R. Multidisciplinary treatment approach with one piece implants for congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: a case report. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012; 20:92-96. [PMID: 22852527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Congenitally missing lateral incisors are a common clinical occurrence. Dental Implants have become a primary treatment option for replacement of these teeth. Many times in prosthodontic treatment planning a multidisciplinary approach is needed for a comprehensive out come. Prosthodontic treatment planning is needed prior to the patient's consultation and following treatment acceptance; the prosthodontist may need to coordinate treatment needs with other specialists, including an orthodontist and an implant surgeon. This article describes multidisciplinary management of a case presenting with spaced maxillary anteriors due to the congenitally missing lateral incisors. Treatment consisted of initial orthodontic space management to obtain adequate space for missing lateral incisors. Single piece, narrow diameter implants were placed in edentulous spaces on both sides. Aesthetic crown lengthening procedure was performed with all anterior teeth along with tissues surrounding the implants. Metal-ceramic crowns were given as definitive restorations, resulting into an acceptable aesthetic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Patil
- Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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12
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Valenzano L, Vitillo J, Chavan S, Civalleri B, Bonino F, Bordiga S, Lamberti C. Structure–activity relationships of simple molecules adsorbed on CPO-27-Ni metal–organic framework: In situ experiments vs. theory. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Chopdekar K, Chande C, Chavan S, Veer P, Wabale V, Vishwakarma K, Joshi A. Central venous catheter-related blood stream infection rate in critical care units in a tertiary care, teaching hospital in Mumbai. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 29:169-71. [PMID: 21654114 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.81796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Blood stream infections related to central venous catheterization are one of the major device-associated infections reported. Patients admitted in critical care units requiring central venous catheterization and presenting with signs of septicemia during catheterization period were investigated for catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI). The CRBSI rate was 9.26 per 1000 catheter days in general with highest rate in neonatal intensive care unit (27.02/1000 days). Site of insertion of catheter and duration of catheterization did not show the influence on the CRBSI rate. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the predominant cause. Mortality of 33% was observed in patients with CRBSI. Since central venous catheters are increasingly being used in the critical care, regular surveillance for infection associated them are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chopdekar
- Department of Microbiology, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Hospital, Mumbai 400 008, India
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14
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Schierbeck H, Lundback P, Palmblad K, Klevenvall L, Li JH, Chavan S, Yang H, Harris HE, Andersson U, Ottosson L. Successful therapy with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies in two separate experimental arthritis models. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.149013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Veer P, Chande C, Chavan S, Wabale V, Chopdekar K, Bade J, Joshi A. Increasing levels of minimum inhibitory concentration vancomycin in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus alarming bell for vancomycin abusers? Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 28:413-4. [PMID: 20966589 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.71810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Bruchfeld A, Goldstein RS, Chavan S, Patel NB, Rosas-Ballina M, Kohn N, Qureshi AR, Tracey KJ. Whole blood cytokine attenuation by cholinergic agonists ex vivo and relationship to vagus nerve activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Intern Med 2010; 268:94-101. [PMID: 20337855 PMCID: PMC2937357 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The central nervous system regulates innate immunity in part via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, a neural circuit that transmits signals in the vagus nerve that suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production by an alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha7nAChR) dependent mechanism. Vagus nerve activity is significantly suppressed in patients with autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been suggested that stimulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may be beneficial to patients, but it remains theoretically possible that chronic deficiencies in this pathway will render these approaches ineffective. METHODS Here we addressed the hypothesis that inflammatory cells from RA patients can respond to cholinergic agonists with reduced cytokine production in the setting of reduced vagus nerve activity. RESULTS Measurement of RR interval variability (heart rate variability, HRV), in RA patients (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 10) revealed that vagus nerve activity was significantly depressed in patients. Whole blood cultures stimulated by exposure to endotoxin produced significantly less tumour necrosis factor in samples from RA patients as compared to healthy controls. Addition of cholinergic agonists (nicotine and GTS-21) to the stimulated whole blood cultures however significantly suppressed cytokine production to a similar extent in patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that it is possible to pharmacologically target the alpha7nAChR dependent control of cytokine release in RA patients with suppressed vagus nerve activity. As alpha7nAChR agonists ameliorate the clinical course of collagen induced arthritis in animals, it may be possible in the future to explore whether alpha7nAChR agonists can improve clinical activity in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bruchfeld
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Deshpande M, Kulkarni S, Ghormade V, Kapoor M, Chavan S, Kulkarni G, Shouche Y. Development of mycoinsecticide for the control of insect pests: comparative evaluation of Metarhizium isolates to identify strains for commercialization. N Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Mercer S, Chavan S, Tong J, Connor D, de Mello W. The Early Detection and Management of Neuropathic Pain Following Combat Injury. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2009; 155:94-8. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-155-02-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Budman DR, Barginear MF, Goyal A, Chavan S, Yang L, Callabro A, Bradley TP, Tracey KJ. HMGB1 expression in hormonally independent breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Goldstein R, Puerta MG, Lihong Y, Patel N, Kohn N, Lukin M, Lee D, Boah A, Chavan S, Ward M, Fishman P, Sama A, Tracey K. Cholinergic Agonists Inhibit LPS Induced Whole Blood TNF Release Ex Vivo In Patients With Severe Sepsis: A Pilot Study. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Chavan S, Kodoth S, Pahwa R, Pahwa S. The HIV protease inhibitor Indinavir inhibits cell-cycle progression in vitro in lymphocytes of HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. Blood 2001; 98:383-9. [PMID: 11435307 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.2.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indinavir (IDV) is a potent and selective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI) widely used in antiretroviral therapy for suppression of HIV, but its effects on the immune system are relatively unknown. Recently, it has been reported that PIs inhibit lymphocyte apoptosis. In the present study we have investigated the effects of ex vivo addition of IDV on lymphocyte activation and apoptosis in cells from HIV-infected children (n = 18) and from healthy uninfected individuals (controls, n = 5) as well as in Jurkat and PM1 T-cell lines. Pretreatment of control peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures with IDV resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of lymphoproliferative responses to different activation stimuli. Additionally, this treatment led to cell-cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-stimulated PBMC cultures in controls and in 15 of 18 HIV-infected children. Spontaneous- or activation-induced apoptosis of PBMCs from HIV-infected or uninfected individuals or of Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat and PM1 T cell lines were not inhibited by IDV. Moreover, IDV did not inhibit activation of caspases-1, -3, -4, -5, -9, and -8 in lysates of Jurkat T cells undergoing Fas-induced apoptosis. The findings indicate that IDV interferes with cell-cycle progression in primary cells but does not directly affect apoptosis. It is concluded that IDV may prolong cell survival indirectly by inhibiting their entry into cell cycle. In individuals on PI therapy, PI-mediated effects could potentially modulate immunologic responses independently of antiviral activity against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chavan
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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22
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Kathirvel S, Chavan S, Arya VK, Rehman I, Babu V, Malhotra N, Bhukal I, Chari P. Anesthetic management of patients with Takayasu's arteritis: a case series and review. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:60-5. [PMID: 11429340 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200107000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Takayasu's arteritis is a rare, chronic progressive panendarteritis involving the aorta and its main branches. Anesthesia for patients with Takayasu's arteritis is complicated by their severe uncontrolled hypertension, end-organ dysfunction resulting from hypertension, stenosis of major blood vessels affecting regional circulation, and difficulties encountered in monitoring arterial blood pressure. Takayasu's arteritis is an uncommon disease and previous descriptions of the anesthetic management of patients with this disease have been limited to isolated case reports in the anesthetic literature, mostly in women undergoing cesarean delivery. We present our experience in this series of eight patients for various emergency and elective surgical procedures and review their perioperative problems and management. IMPLICATIONS This case series describes the anesthetic problems and management of patients with pulseless disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kathirvel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India.
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Chavan S, Bennuri B, Kharbanda M, Chandrasekaran A, Bakshi S, Pahwa S. Evaluation of T cell receptor gene rearrangement excision circles after antiretroviral therapy in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 2001; 183:1445-54. [PMID: 11329124 DOI: 10.1086/320197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2001] [Revised: 02/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infected patients may result from the recovery of thymus function, peripheral redistribution, or decreased T cell destruction. This study investigated levels of T cell receptor gene rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) as a measure of recent thymic emigrant cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 50 HIV-infected infants and children who were followed-up for 40 months after the start or change of antiretroviral therapy. At baseline, patients exhibited fewer TRECs than did uninfected control subjects. The increase in TRECs after antiretroviral therapy was greater in infants than in older HIV-infected children. Of interest, patients who demonstrated discordant responses (i.e., increased CD4 T cell counts without significant virologic suppression) also had substantial gains in TRECs. Furthermore, TRECs correlated positively with the number of CD4 and naive T cells and negatively with age and virus load. Measurement of TRECs may serve as a useful tool for evaluating immune reconstitution in HIV-infected children receiving antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chavan
- Immunology and Inflammation Center of Excellence, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, NY 10030, USA
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24
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Kharbanda M, Than S, Chitnis V, Sun M, Chavan S, Bakshi S, Pahwa S. Patterns of CD8 T cell clonal dominance in response to change in antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children. AIDS 2000; 14:2229-38. [PMID: 11089610 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200010200-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of change in antiretroviral therapy (ART) on patterns of CD8 T cell clonal dominance in HIV-infected children. DESIGN Seventeen HIV-infected children with plasma virus loads between 3.1 and 5.7 log10 were investigated before and after changes in ART. METHODS CDR3 spectratyping was performed in 22 T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta subfamilies by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in purified peripheral blood CD8 T cells in conjunction with CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV-RNA copies and lymphoproliferative assays (LPA). RESULTS CD8 T cell clonal dominance in two or more Vbeta families was present in eight out of 17 children. After a change in therapy, 13 patients (76%) acquired new clones whereas three patients (17.6%) showed a loss in CD8 cell clones. An increase in the numbers of dominant clones correlated with an increase in percentage CD4 cell counts (P < 0.001) and with improved LPA responses to tetanus (P < 0.05) and alloantigens (P < 0.01). CD4 cell increase was associated with an initial mean gain of 3.1+/-2.1 CD8 cell clones, independent of a virological response. A loss of CD8 cell clones or failure to achieve CD4 T cell increase was associated with failure to achieve virological suppression. CONCLUSION Children with chronic HIV infection manifest CD8 T cell clonal dominance, which appears to be dependent upon the adequacy of the CD4 cells. With optimization of therapy, a gain in clonal dominance is the predominant response, except in situations of failure to contain viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kharbanda
- Department of Pediatrics, North Shore University Hospital, New York School of Medicine, Manhasset 11030, USA
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25
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Batra YK, Singh B, Chavan S, Chari P, Dhaliwal RS, Ramprabu K. Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on thyroid function. Ann Card Anaesth 2000; 3:3-6. [PMID: 17848764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in serum concentration of thyroid hormones occur even in euthyroid patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. The purpose of our prospective study was to define the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on thyroid hormones. Twenty euthyroid patients for mitral valve replacement were included in this study. Heparinised arterial sample for thyroid function tests were obtained before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 30 and 60 minutes after initiation of CPB, immediate post-CPB and 24 hours after termination of CPB. T3, T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated using radioimmunoassay method. There was more than 50% decrease in T3 levels after initiation of CPB and it remained persistently below the physiological range until 24 hours after termination of CPB. T4 and TSH remained within normal limits throughout the study period. These results indicate that CPB simulates the euthyroid sick syndrome as seen in critically ill and burn patients. Whether routine administration of intravenous tri-iodo thyronine is beneficial in the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome seen after CPB remains to be elucidated in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Batra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Patil YP, Gajre B, Dusane D, Chavan S, Mishra S. Effect of maleic anhydride treatment on steam and water absorption of wood polymer composites prepared from wheat straw, cane bagasse, and teak wood sawdust using Novolac as matrix. J Appl Polym Sci 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20000923)77:13<2963::aid-app20>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Szabo G, Chavan S, Mandrekar P, Catalano D. Acute alcohol consumption attenuates interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 (MCP-1) induction in response to ex vivo stimulation. J Clin Immunol 1999; 19:67-76. [PMID: 10080106 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020518703050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA
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28
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McCloskey TW, Chavan S, Lakshmi Tamma SM, Pahwa S. Comparison of seven quantitative assays to assess lymphocyte cell death during HIV infection: measurement of induced apoptosis in anti-Fas-treated Jurkat cells and spontaneous apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children infected with HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998; 14:1413-22. [PMID: 9824319 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1998.14.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of apoptosis in relation to various human disease states, particularly HIV infection, has seen a tremendous increase in activity. In this article, values obtained by seven different assays, designed to quantify apoptosis and applicable to the study of HIV infection, are compared in two cell systems: (1) stimulus-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells treated with anti-Fas antibody and (2) spontaneous apoptosis in PBMCs isolated from HIV-infected children. The methods used included measurement of cells with subdiploid DNA content, labeling of DNA strand breaks by the TUNEL reaction, annexin V surface labeling for the detection of exposed phosphatidylserine, cytoplasmic antigen labeling with the apoptosis-specific antibody Apo 2.7, detection of changes in flow cytometric light-scattering properties, trypan blue dye exclusion by light microscopy, and detection of changes in cellular chromatin by fluorescence microscopy. These methods produced well-correlated values in the Jurkat system, whereas the same set of methods produced more discrepant values in the PBMC analyses, especially in those patients with low CD4 counts. Specifically, our results showed that the trypan blue test was unacceptable for quantification of apoptosis during HIV infection, whereas TUNEL, of all the methods tested, showed excellent overall correlation in both cell systems, was highly specific, and matched microscopic observation of the cells. Although many of the methods were suited to the study of a homogeneous cell line, caution must be exercised when examining cell death in a heterogeneous cell mixture from an HIV-infected individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W McCloskey
- North Shore University Hospital/New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Manhasset 11030, USA
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29
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Laad A, Kode J, Chavan S, Rao R, Fakih AR, Chiplunkar S. Limiting dilution analysis of proliferating and cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and tumours of oral cancer patients. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 1996; 32B:337-42. [PMID: 8944838 DOI: 10.1016/0964-1955(96)00024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Frequencies of proliferating and cytotoxic lymphocytes from the peripheral blood and tumour tissue of oral cancer patients and healthy individuals were monitored using limiting dilution analysis. Significantly lower precursor frequencies of proliferating lymphocytes were observed in the peripheral blood and tumour tissue of oral cancer patients. A high frequency of natural killer (NK) cells but low cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was observed in the peripheral blood compartment of oral cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals. A marked reduction in both NK and CTL frequencies in the tumour tissue compared to the peripheral blood was observed. In the tumour tissues, increased percentages of activated CD4+ lymphocytes as compared to CD8+ lymphocytes were observed. Our results suggest that impaired proliferative and cytotoxic potential of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes may play an important role in the escape of tumour cells from the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Laad
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Bombay, India
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Abstract
Cytotoxic effects of vitamin K3 were evaluated utilizing the P388/S, L1210, EAT, S-180 and a multidrug-resistant variant of the P388 leukemia cells (P388/ADR). Antitumorigenic potential of vitamin K3 was assessed by MTT and DNA and RNA biosynthesis inhibition assay. A dose-dependent inhibition of P388/S and P388/ADR cell survival and [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine incorporation (as a function of DNA and RNA biosynthesis) was observed in tumor cell types exposed to vitamin K3 concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 microM. One hundred mg/kg vitamin K3 caused a 32 and 52% increase in life span of the sensitive and resistant P388 leukemia tumor-bearing mice. Induction of DNA strand breaks at 100 microM vitamin K3 was greater in P388/S than in P388/ADR cells. In vitro treatment with vitamin K3 (100 microM) reduced the intracellular levels of GSH by 40, 47, 6, 15 and 14% in P388/S, P388/ADR, EAT, S-180 and L1210 tumor cells, respectively. In vivo treatment with 100 mg/kg vitamin K3 reduced the GSH content by 18 and 38% and increased the activity of the enzyme GSH-S-transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Effects of free radical scavengers and of compounds that modulate the GSH metabolism on the cytotoxicity of vitamin K3 were also investigated. Results indicate that vitamin K3 interacts with the tumor cell thiol pools while eliciting its antitumor effects and suggest the utility of vitamin K3 in dealing with the growing problem of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Parekh
- Chemotherapy Division, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Bombay, India
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Chitnis M, Hegde U, Chavan S, Juvekar A, Advani S. Expression of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein and in vitro chemosensitivity: correlation with in vivo response to chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Sel Cancer Ther 1991; 7:165-73. [PMID: 1687990 DOI: 10.1089/sct.1991.7.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thirty four patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (30 de novo and 4 relapsed) were evaluated for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression, and in vitro chemosensitivity. The P-gp expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical method using JSB-1 monoclonal antibody and the results were visualized by peroxidase-antiperoxidase goat antimouse antibody and the in vitro chemosensitivity was measured by the semiautomated MTT colourimetric assay method. Depending upon the percent cells expressing P-gp and the intensity of P-gp staining, the samples were graded as absent, mild or strong for the relative P-gp expression, which was further correlated with the in vitro chemosensitivity and the clinical response of the tumors. Expression of P-gp was seen in 17 of the 30 de novo AML cases and all four relapse cases. Patients with no P-gp expression showed in vitro chemosensitivity while those with strong P-gp expression were resistant in vitro. Patients with mild P-gp expression showed varied chemosensitivity. P-gp expression correlated with clinical response to chemotherapy. Seven out of 11 patients with no P-gp achieved complete remission (C.R.). The other four died early in induction. Of five patients who expressed strong P-gp, four had resistant disease and the autopsy study of the remaining patient who died in induction revealed persistent disease. Of the 10 de novo AML patients who had mild P-gp expression, five achieved C.R. while one had resistant disease and four died in induction. All the four relapsed AML showed mild P-gp expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chitnis
- Chemotherapy Division, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Bombay, India
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Parekh H, Chavan S, Advani S, Chitnis M. Single and combination treatment with vitamin K3 and adriamycin: in vitro effects on cell survival and DNA damage in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Sel Cancer Ther 1991; 7:127-35. [PMID: 1771299 DOI: 10.1089/sct.1991.7.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Utility of drug response modulators to increase therapeutic:toxic ratio of anticancer drugs in the treatment of refractory malignancies is becoming desirable. In this study, we have attempted to potentiate the tumor cell killing ability of Adriamycin (ADR) against chronic myeloid leukemia cells (CML), in the presence of vitamin K3. Cell growth was evaluated by the MTT assay and the 3H-thymidine incorporation inhibition assay. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) inhibition of cell survival and 3H-thymidine incorporation was effected in CML cells exposed to the combination of ADR and vitamin K3. When the CML cells were treated with ADR and vitamin K3 simultaneously, a greater fragmentation of the intact DNA was revealed as observed by the enhanced formation of DNA single strand breaks. Results demonstrate the therapeutic significance of employing vitamin K3 as an adjuvant in CML chemotherapy with ADR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Parekh
- Chemotherapy Division, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Bombay, India
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