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Adepu KK, Anishkin A, Adams SH, Chintapalli SV. A versatile delivery vehicle for cellular oxygen and fuels, or metabolic sensor? - A review and perspective on the functions of myoglobin. Physiol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38696337 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00031.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A canonical view of the primary physiological function of myoglobin (Mb) is that it is an oxygen (O2) storage protein supporting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, especially as the tissue O2 partial pressure (pO2) drops and Mb offloads O2. Besides O2 storage/transport, recent findings support functions for Mb in lipid trafficking and sequestration, interacting with cellular glycolytic metabolites such as lactate (LAC) and pyruvate (PYR) , and "ectopic" expression in some types of cancer cells and in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Data from Mb knockout (Mb-/-) mice and biochemical models suggest additional metabolic roles for Mb, especially regulation of nitric oxide (NO) pools, modulation of BAT bioenergetics, thermogenesis, and lipid storage phenotypes. From these and other findings in the literature over many decades, Mb's function is not confined to delivering O2 in support of oxidative phosphorylation, but also to serve as an O2-sensor that modulates intracellular pO2- and NO-responsive molecular signaling pathways. This paradigm reflects a fundamental change in how oxidative metabolism and cell regulation are viewed in Mb-expressing cells such as skeletal muscle, heart, brown adipocytes, and select cancer cells. Herein, we review historic and emerging views related to the physiological roles for Mb, and present working models illustrating the possible importance of interactions between Mb, gases, and small molecule metabolites in regulation of cell signaling and bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Adepu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States
| | - Sean H Adams
- Surgery, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, United States
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Anishkin A, Adepu KK, Bhandari D, Adams SH, Chintapalli SV. Computational Analysis Reveals Unique Binding Patterns of Oxygenated and Deoxygenated Myoglobin to the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1138. [PMID: 37509174 PMCID: PMC10377724 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) interaction with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) promotes oxygen (O2) release. However, comprehensive molecular details on specific contact regions of the OMM with oxygenated (oxy-) and deoxygenated (deoxy-)Mb are missing. We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the interaction of oxy- and deoxy-Mb with the membrane lipids of the OMM in two lipid compositions: (a) a typical whole membrane on average, and (b) specifically the cardiolipin-enriched cristae region (contact site). Unrestrained relaxations showed that on average, both the oxy- and deoxy-Mb established more stable contacts with the lipids typical of the cristae contact site, then with those of the average OMM. However, in steered detachment simulations, deoxy-Mb clung more tightly to the average OMM, and oxy-Mb strongly preferred the contact sites of the OMM. The MD simulation analysis further indicated that a non-specific binding, mediated by local electrostatic interactions, existed between charged or polar groups of Mb and the membrane, for stable interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first computational study providing the molecular details of the direct Mb-mitochondria interaction that assisted in distinguishing the preferred localization of oxy- and deoxy-Mb on the OMM. Our findings support the existing experimental evidence on Mb-mitochondrial association and shed more insights on Mb-mediated O2 transport for cellular bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kiran Kumar Adepu
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | | | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Kasperek MC, Mailing L, Piccolo BD, Moody B, Lan R, Gao X, Hernandez‐Saavedra D, Woods JA, Adams SH, Allen JM. Exercise training modifies xenometabolites in gut and circulation of lean and obese adults. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15638. [PMID: 36945966 PMCID: PMC10031301 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular, moderate exercise modifies the gut microbiome and contributes to human metabolic and immune health. The microbiome may exert influence on host physiology through the microbial production and modification of metabolites (xenometabolites); however, this has not been extensively explored. We hypothesized that 6 weeks of supervised, aerobic exercise 3×/week (60%-75% heart rate reserve [HRR], 30-60 min) in previously sedentary, lean (n = 14) and obese (n = 10) adults would modify both the fecal and serum xenometabolome. Serum and fecal samples were collected pre- and post-6 week intervention and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Linear mixed models (LMMs) identified multiple fecal and serum xenometabolites responsive to exercise training. Further cluster and pathway analysis revealed that the most prominent xenometabolic shifts occurred within aromatic amino acid (ArAA) metabolic pathways. Fecal and serum ArAA derivatives correlated with body composition (lean mass), markers of insulin sensitivity (insulin, HOMA-IR) and cardiorespiratory fitness (V ̇ O 2 max $$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\max } $$ ), both at baseline and in response to exercise training. Two serum aromatic microbial-derived amino acid metabolites that were upregulated following the exercise intervention, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA: fold change: 1.2, FDR p < 0.05) and 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-HPLA: fold change: 1.3, FDR p < 0.05), share metabolic pathways within the microbiota and were associated with body composition and markers of insulin sensitivity at baseline and in response to training. These data provide evidence of physiologically relevant shifts in microbial metabolism that occur in response to exercise training, and reinforce the view that host metabolic health influences gut microbiota population and function. Future studies should consider the microbiome and xenometabolome when investigating the health benefits of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela C. Kasperek
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Lucy Mailing
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Becky Moody
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Renny Lan
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Xiaotian Gao
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Diego Hernandez‐Saavedra
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Woods
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California, Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic ScienceUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jacob M. Allen
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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Diaz EC, Adams SH, Weber JL, Cotter M, Børsheim E. Elevated LDL-C, high blood pressure, and low peak V ˙ O 2 associate with platelet mitochondria function in children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1136975. [PMID: 37033448 PMCID: PMC10073692 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1136975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association of platelet (PL) mitochondria respiration with markers of cardiovascular health in children ages 7-10 years. Methods: PL mitochondrial respiration (n = 91) was assessed by high resolution respirometry (HRR): Routine (R) respiration, complex (C) I linked respiration (CI), and maximal uncoupled electron transport capacity of CII (CIIE) were measured. The respiratory control ratio (RCR) was calculated as the ratio of maximal oxidative phosphorylation capacity of CI and CI leak respiration (PCI/LCI). Peak V ˙ O2 (incremental bike test) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured. Multiple generalized linear regression analysis was used to model the association of measures by HRR with variables of interest: adiposity, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) status (normal vs. elevated) HOMA2-IR, blood pressure status (normal vs. high), and demographics. Results: R and CI-linked respiration positively associated with adiposity, high blood pressure (HBP), and peak V ˙ O2. R and CI-linked respiration had inverse association with age and elevated LDL-C. CIIE was higher in children with elevated LDL-C (log-β = -0.54, p = 0.010). HBP and peak V ˙ O2 interacted in relation to RCR (log-β = -0.01, p = 0.028). Specifically, RCR was lowest among children with HBP and low aerobic capacity (i.e., mean peak V ˙ O2 -1SD). HOMA2-IR did not associate with measures of PL mitochondria respiration. Conclusion: In PL, R and CI-linked mitochondrial respiration directly associate with adiposity, peak V ˙ O2 and HBP. Elevated LDL-C associates with lower CI-linked respiration which is compensated by increasing CII respiration. PL bioenergetics phenotypes in children associate with whole-body metabolic health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Diaz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Eva C. Diaz,
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, and Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Judith L. Weber
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Adepu KK, Bhandari D, Anishkin A, Adams SH, Chintapalli SV. Myoglobin-Pyruvate Interactions: Binding Thermodynamics, Structure-Function Relationships, and Impact on Oxygen Release Kinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158766. [PMID: 35955898 PMCID: PMC9369265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb), besides its roles as an oxygen (O2) carrier/storage protein and nitric oxide NO scavenger/producer, may participate in lipid trafficking and metabolite binding. Our recent findings have shown that O2 is released from oxy-Mb upon interaction with lactate (LAC, anerobic glycolysis end-product). Since pyruvate (PYR) is structurally similar and metabolically related to LAC, we investigated the effects of PYR (aerobic glycolysis end-product) on Mb using isothermal titration calorimetry, circular dichroism, and O2-kinetic studies to evaluate PYR affinity toward Mb and to compare the effects of PYR and LAC on O2 release kinetics of oxy-Mb. Similar to LAC, PYR interacts with both oxy- and deoxy-Mb with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Time-resolved circular dichroism spectra revealed that there are no major conformational changes in the secondary structures of oxy- or deoxy-Mb during interactions with PYR or LAC. However, we found contrasting results with respect to binding affinities and substrate preference, where PYR has higher affinity toward deoxy-Mb when compared with LAC (which prefers oxy-Mb). Furthermore, PYR interaction with oxy-Mb releases a significantly lower amount of O2 than LAC. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that glycolytic end-products play a distinctive role in the Mb-rich tissues by serving as novel regulators of O2 availability, and/or by impacting other activities related to oxy-/deoxy-Mb toggling in resting vs. exercised or metabolically activated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Adepu
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Correspondence: (K.K.A.); (S.V.C.)
| | | | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Correspondence: (K.K.A.); (S.V.C.)
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Adams SH, Wright R, Piccolo BD, Moody B, Sikes J, Avaritt N, Chintapalli SV, Ou X. C-section increases cecal abundance of the archetypal bile acid and glucocorticoid modifying Lachnoclostridium [clostridium] scindens in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15363. [PMID: 35778808 PMCID: PMC9249977 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans and animal models, Cesarean section (C‐section) has been associated with alterations in the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiome. These changes in microbiota populations are hypothesized to impact immune, metabolic, and behavioral/neurologic systems and others. It is not clear if birth mode inherently changes the microbiome, or if C‐section effects are context‐specific and involve interactions with environmental and other factors. To address this and control for potential confounders, cecal microbiota from ~3 week old mice born by C‐section (n = 16) versus natural birth (n = 23) were compared under matched conditions for housing, cross‐fostering, diet, sex, and genetic strain. A total of 601 unique species were detected across all samples. Alpha diversity richness (i.e., how many species within sample; Chao1) and evenness/dominance (i.e., Shannon, Simpson, Inverse Simpson) metrics revealed no significant differences by birth mode. Beta diversity (i.e., differences between samples), as estimated with Bray‐Curtis dissimilarities and Aitchison distances (using log[x + 1]‐transformed counts), was also not significantly different (Permutational Multivariate ANOVA [PERMANOVA]). Only the abundance of Lachnoclostridium [Clostridium] scindens was found to differ using a combination of statistical methods (ALDEx2, DESeq2), being significantly higher in C‐section mice. This microbe has been implicated in secondary bile acid production and regulation of glucocorticoid metabolism to androgens. From our results and the extant literature we conclude that C‐section does not inherently lead to large‐scale shifts in gut microbiota populations, but birth mode could modulate select bacteria in a context‐specific manner: For example, involving factors associated with pre‐, peri‐, and postpartum environments, diet or host genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rachel Wright
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.,Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Becky Moody
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - James Sikes
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nathan Avaritt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Xiawei Ou
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Newman JW, Krishnan S, Borkowski K, Adams SH, Stephensen CB, Keim NL. Assessing Insulin Sensitivity and Postprandial Triglyceridemic Response Phenotypes With a Mixed Macronutrient Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2022; 9:877696. [PMID: 35634390 PMCID: PMC9131925 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.877696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of meal challenge tests to assess postprandial responses in carbohydrate and fat metabolism is well established in clinical nutrition research. However, challenge meal compositions and protocols remain a variable. Here, we validated a mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT), containing 56-g palm oil, 59-g sucrose, and 26-g egg white protein for the parallel determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in clinically healthy subjects. The MMTT was administered in two study populations. In one, women with overweight/obese BMIs (n = 43) involved in an 8-week dietary intervention were administered oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and MMTTs within 2 days of each other after 0, 2, and 8 weeks of the dietary intervention. In the other, 340 men and women between 18 and 64 years of age, with BMI from 18–40 kg/m2, completed the MMTT as part of a broad nutritional phenotyping effort. Postprandial blood collected at 0, 0.5, 3, and 6 h was used to measure glucose, insulin, and clinical lipid panels. The MMTT postprandial insulin-dependent glucose disposal was evaluated by using the Matsuda Index algorithm and the 0- and 3 h blood insulin and glucose measures. The resulting MMTT insulin sensitivity index (ISIMMTT) was strongly correlated (r = 0.77, p < 0.001) with the OGTT-dependent 2 h composite Matsuda index (ISIComposite), being related by the following equation: Log (ISIComposite) = [0.8751 x Log(ISIMMTT)] –0.2115. An area under the triglyceride excursion curve >11.15 mg/mL h–1 calculated from the 0, 3, and 6 h blood draws established mild-to-moderate triglyceridemia in agreement with ∼20% greater prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than fasting indications. We also demonstrated that the product of the 0 to 3 h and 3 to 6 h triglyceride rate of change as a function of the triglyceride incremental area under the curve optimally stratified subjects by postprandial response patterns. Notably, ∼2% of the population showed minimal triglyceride appearance by 6 h, while ∼25% had increasing triglycerides through 6 h. Ultimately, using three blood draws, the MMTT allowed for the simultaneous determination of insulin sensitivity and postprandial triglyceridemia in individuals without clinically diagnosed disease.Clinical Trial Registration[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT02298725; NCT02367287].
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: John W. Newman,
| | - Sridevi Krishnan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Charles B. Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Adepu KK, Bhandari D, Anishkin A, Adams SH, Chintapalli SV. Myoglobin Interaction with Lactate Rapidly Releases Oxygen: Studies on Binding Thermodynamics, Spectroscopy, and Oxygen Kinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094747. [PMID: 35563138 PMCID: PMC9103699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb)-mediated oxygen (O2) delivery and dissolved O2 in the cytosol are two major sources that support oxidative phosphorylation. During intense exercise, lactate (LAC) production is elevated in skeletal muscles as a consequence of insufficient intracellular O2 supply. The latter results in diminished mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and an increased reliance on nonoxidative pathways to generate ATP. Whether or not metabolites from these pathways impact Mb-O2 associations remains to be established. In the present study, we employed isothermal titration calorimetry, O2 kinetic studies, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to evaluate the LAC affinity toward Mb (oxy- and deoxy-Mb) and the effect of LAC on O2 release from oxy-Mb in varying pH conditions (pH 6.0–7.0). Our results show that LAC avidly binds to both oxy- and deoxy-Mb (only at acidic pH for the latter). Similarly, in the presence of LAC, increased release of O2 from oxy-Mb was detected. This suggests that with LAC binding to Mb, the structural conformation of the protein (near the heme center) might be altered, which concomitantly triggers the release of O2. Taken together, these novel findings support a mechanism where LAC acts as a regulator of O2 management in Mb-rich tissues and/or influences the putative signaling roles for oxy- and deoxy-Mb, especially under conditions of LAC accumulation and lactic acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Adepu
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Correspondence: (K.K.A.); (S.V.C.)
| | | | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Correspondence: (K.K.A.); (S.V.C.)
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9
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Krishnan S, Gertz ER, Adams SH, Newman JW, Pedersen TL, Keim NL, Bennett BJ. Effects of a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines on vascular health and TMAO in women with cardiometabolic risk factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:210-219. [PMID: 34895998 PMCID: PMC8798222 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent evidence links trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) to endothelial dysfunction, an early indicator of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine whether short-term consumption of a diet patterned after the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) would affect endothelial function, plasma TMAO concentrations, and cardiovascular disease risk, differently than a typical American Diet (TAD). METHODS AND RESULTS An 8-wk controlled feeding trial was conducted in overweight/obese women pre-screened for insulin resistance and/or dyslipidemia. Women were randomized to a DGA or TAD group (n = 22/group). At wk0 (pre-intervention) and wk8 (post-intervention) vascular age was calculated; endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index (RHI)) and augmentation index (AI@75) were measured using EndoPAT, and plasma TMAO was measured by LC-MS/MS. Vascular age was reduced in DGA at wk8 compared to wk0 but TAD wk8 was not different from wk0 (DGA wk0: 54.2 ± 4.0 vs. wk8: 50.5 ± 3.1 (p = 0.05), vs. TAD wk8: 47.7 ± 2.3). Plasma TMAO concentrations, RHI, and AI@75 were not different between groups or weeks. CONCLUSION Consumption of a diet based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans for 8 weeks did not improve endothelial function or reduce plasma TMAO. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02298725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Krishnan
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erik R Gertz
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Theresa L Pedersen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- USDA-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Felgus-Lavefve L, Howard L, Adams SH, Baum JI. The Effects of Blueberry Phytochemicals on Cell Models of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:1279-1309. [PMID: 34791023 PMCID: PMC9340979 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries have been extensively studied for the health benefits associated with their high phenolic content. The positive impact of blueberry consumption on human health is associated in part with modulation of proinflammatory molecular pathways and oxidative stress. Here, we review in vitro studies examining the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of blueberry phytochemicals, discuss the results in terms of relevance to disease and health, and consider how different blueberry components modulate cellular mechanisms. The dampening effects of blueberry-derived molecules on inflammation and oxidative stress in cell models have been demonstrated through downregulation of the NF-κB pathway and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. The modulatory effects of blueberry phytochemicals on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and antioxidant system are not as well described, with inconsistent observations reported on immune cells and between models of endothelial, dermal, and ocular inflammation. Although anthocyanins are often reported as being the main bioactive compound in blueberries, no individual phytochemical has emerged as the primary compound when different fractions are compared; rather, an effect of whole blueberry extracts or synergy between different phenolic and nonphenolic extracts seems apparent. The major molecular mechanisms of blueberry phytochemicals are increasingly defined in cell models, but their relevance in more complex human systems needs further investigation using well-controlled clinical trials, in which systemic exposures to blueberry-associated molecules are measured concurrently with physiologic indices of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Howard
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Piccolo BD, Graham JL, Kang P, Randolph CE, Shankar K, Yeruva L, Fox R, Robeson MS, Moody B, LeRoith T, Stanhope KL, Adams SH, Havel PJ. Progression of diabetes is associated with changes in the ileal transcriptome and ileal-colon morphology in the UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus rat. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15102. [PMID: 34806320 PMCID: PMC8606862 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterioration in glucose homeostasis has been associated with intestinal dysbiosis, but it is not known how metabolic dysregulation alters the gastrointestinal environment. We investigated how the progression of diabetes alters ileal and colonic epithelial mucosal structure, microbial abundance, and transcript expression in the University of California Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rat model. Male UCD-T2DM rats (age ~170 days) were included if <1-month (n = 6, D1M) or 3-month (n = 6, D3M) post-onset of diabetes. Younger nondiabetic UCD-T2DM rats were included as a nondiabetic comparison (n = 6, ND, age ~70 days). Ileum villi height/crypt depths and colon crypt depths were assessed by histology. Microbial abundance of colon content was measured with 16S rRNA sequencing. Ileum and colon transcriptional abundances were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Ileum villi height and crypt depth were greater in D3M rats compared to ND. Colon crypt depth was greatest in D3M rats compared to both ND and D1M rats. Colon abundances of Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae were lower in D3M rats relative to D1M, while Oscillospirales, Phascolarctobacterium, and an unidentified genus of Lachnospiraceae were higher. Only two transcripts were altered by diabetes advancement within the colon; however, 2039 ileal transcripts were altered. Only colonic abundances of Sptlc3, Enpp7, Slc7a15, and Kctd14 had more than twofold changes between D1M and D3M rats. The advancement of diabetes in the UCD-T2DM rat results in a trophic effect on the mucosal epithelia and was associated with regulation of gastrointestinal tract RNA expression, which appears more pronounced in the ileum relative to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Piccolo
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - James L. Graham
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ping Kang
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Christopher E. Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric ResearchArkansas Children's Research InstituteLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of PediatricsSection of NutritionUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Arkansas Children's Research InstituteLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Renee Fox
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Becky Moody
- USDA‐ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Science and PathobiologyVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic ScienceUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Diaz EC, Weber JL, Adams SH, Young CG, Bai S, Børsheim E. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Blood Pressure and Metabolic Health of Children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2225-2232. [PMID: 34280939 PMCID: PMC8516679 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High blood pressure (HBP) in children causes preclinical damage to the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. Current pharmacological treatments have limited ability to prevent end-organ damage, particularly that of the kidneys. A contrasting element between adult versus pediatric HPB treatment is the emphasis in adults on exercise regimens that target increments in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; peak oxygen consumption [V˙O2peak]). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CRF with blood pressure percentiles and blood pressure status in children with normal and excessive adiposity (NA vs EA). An exploratory aim was to measure associations of CRF with (a) other cardiovascular disease risk factors commonly found in children with HBP and (b) kidney function. METHODS Children (n = 211) attended one study visit. CRF was measured using an incremental bike test and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fat-free mass (FFM) index was calculated as kilograms of FFM per square meter. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to model the probability of HBP and other variables of interest (plasma lipids, HOMA2-IR, alanine aminotransferase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate) against V˙O2peak. RESULTS CRF interacted with adiposity status in predicting the probability of HBP. Each additional milliliter per minute per FFM index in V˙O2peak decreased the odds of HBP by 8% in the EA group only (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = 0.87-0.99). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles decreased, and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing CRF in both adiposity-level groups. HOMA2-IR and alanine aminotransferase decreased with increasing CRF in children with EA only. CONCLUSIONS Higher CRF associated with decreased probability of clinical HBP, lower insulin resistance, and improved liver function in children with EA. Yet blood pressure percentiles and kidney function improved with increasing CRF irrespective of adiposity status.
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O’Reilly J, Ono‐Moore KD, Chintapalli SV, Rutkowsky JM, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Olfert IM, Adams SH. Sex differences in skeletal muscle revealed through fiber type, capillarity, and transcriptomics profiling in mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15031. [PMID: 34545692 PMCID: PMC8453262 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle anatomy and physiology are sexually dimorphic but molecular underpinnings and muscle-specificity are not well-established. Variances in metabolic health, fitness level, sedentary behavior, genetics, and age make it difficult to discern inherent sex effects in humans. Therefore, mice under well-controlled conditions were used to determine female and male (n = 19/sex) skeletal muscle fiber type/size and capillarity in superficial and deep gastrocnemius (GA-s, GA-d), soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and plantaris (PLT), and transcriptome patterns were also determined (GA, SOL). Summed muscle weight strongly correlated with lean body mass (r2 = 0.67, p < 0.0001, both sexes). Other phenotypes were muscle-specific: e.g., capillarity (higher density, male GA-s), myofiber size (higher, male EDL), and fiber type (higher, lower type I and type II prevalences, respectively, in female SOL). There were broad differences in transcriptomics, with >6000 (GA) and >4000 (SOL) mRNAs differentially-expressed by sex; only a minority of these were shared across GA and SOL. Pathway analyses revealed differences in ribosome biology, transcription, and RNA processing. Curation of sexually dimorphic muscle transcripts shared in GA and SOL, and literature datasets from mice and humans, identified 11 genes that we propose are canonical to innate sex differences in muscle: Xist, Kdm6a, Grb10, Oas2, Rps4x (higher, females) and Ddx3y, Kdm5d, Irx3, Wwp1, Aldh1a1, Cd24a (higher, males). These genes and those with the highest "sex-biased" expression in our study do not contain estrogen-response elements (exception, Greb1), but a subset are proposed to be regulated through androgen response elements. We hypothesize that innate muscle sexual dimorphism in mice and humans is triggered and then maintained by classic X inactivation (Xist, females) and Y activation (Ddx3y, males), with coincident engagement of X encoded (Kdm6a) and Y encoded (Kdm5d) demethylase epigenetic regulators that are complemented by modulation at some regions of the genome that respond to androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana O’Reilly
- Division of Exercise PhysiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | | | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle RockArkansasUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary MedicineDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Mouse Biology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - K. C. Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Mouse Biology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - I. Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise PhysiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic ScienceUniversity of California Davis School of MedicineSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
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14
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Blackburn ML, Wankhade UD, Ono-Moore KD, Chintapalli SV, Fox R, Rutkowsky JM, Willis BJ, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Adams SH. On the potential role of globins in brown adipose tissue: a novel conceptual model and studies in myoglobin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E47-E62. [PMID: 33969705 PMCID: PMC8321818 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00662.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) regulates O2 bioavailability in muscle and heart as the partial pressure of O2 (Po2) drops with increased tissue workload. Globin proteins also modulate cellular NO pools, "scavenging" NO at higher Po2 and converting NO2- to NO as Po2 falls. Myoglobin binding of fatty acids may also signal a role in fat metabolism. Interestingly, Mb is expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but its function is unknown. Herein, we present a new conceptual model that proposes links between BAT thermogenic activation, concurrently reduced Po2, and NO pools regulated by deoxy/oxy-globin toggling and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). We describe the effect of Mb knockout (Mb-/-) on BAT phenotype [lipid droplets, mitochondrial markers uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and cytochrome C oxidase 4 (Cox4), transcriptomics] in male and female mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of energy, ∼13 wk), and examine Mb expression during brown adipocyte differentiation. Interscapular BAT weights did not differ by genotype, but there was a higher prevalence of mid-large sized droplets in Mb-/-. COX4 protein expression was significantly reduced in Mb-/- BAT, and a suite of metabolic/NO/stress/hypoxia transcripts were lower. All of these Mb-/--associated differences were most apparent in females. The new conceptual model, and results derived from Mb-/- mice, suggest a role for Mb in BAT metabolic regulation, in part through sexually dimorphic systems and NO signaling. This possibility requires further validation in light of significant mouse-to-mouse variability of BAT Mb mRNA and protein abundances in wild-type mice and lower expression relative to muscle and heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myoglobin confers the distinct red color to muscle and heart, serving as an oxygen-binding protein in oxidative fibers. Less attention has been paid to brown fat, a thermogenic tissue that also expresses myoglobin. In a mouse knockout model lacking myoglobin, brown fat had larger fat droplets and lower markers of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, especially in females. Gene expression patterns suggest a role for myoglobin as an oxygen/nitric oxide-sensor that regulates cellular metabolic and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Renee Fox
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Brandon J Willis
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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15
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Ono-Moore KD, Olfert IM, Rutkowsky JM, Chintapalli SV, Willis BJ, Blackburn ML, Williams DK, O'Reilly J, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Adams SH. Metabolic physiology and skeletal muscle phenotypes in male and female myoglobin knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E63-E79. [PMID: 33969704 PMCID: PMC8321820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00624.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) is a regulator of O2 bioavailability in type I muscle and heart, at least when tissue O2 levels drop. Mb also plays a role in regulating cellular nitric oxide (NO) pools. Robust binding of long-chain fatty acids and long-chain acylcarnitines to Mb, and enhanced glucose metabolism in hearts of Mb knockout (KO) mice, suggest additional roles in muscle intermediary metabolism and fuel selection. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured energy expenditure (EE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), body weight gain and adiposity, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in Mb knockout (Mb-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% of calories). In males (n = 10/genotype) and females (n = 9/genotype) tested at 5-6, 11-12, and 17-18 wk, there were no genotype effects on RER, EE, or food intake. RER and EE during cold (10°C, 72 h), and glucose and insulin tolerance, were not different compared with within-sex WT controls. At ∼18 and ∼19 wk of age, female Mb-/- adiposity was ∼42%-48% higher versus WT females (P = 0.1). Transcriptomics analyses (whole gastrocnemius, soleus) revealed few consistent changes, with the notable exception of a 20% drop in soleus transferrin receptor (Tfrc) mRNA. Capillarity indices were significantly increased in Mb-/-, specifically in Mb-rich soleus and deep gastrocnemius. The results indicate that Mb loss does not have a major impact on whole body glucose homeostasis, EE, RER, or response to a cold challenge in mice. However, the greater adiposity in female Mb-/- mice indicates a sex-specific effect of Mb KO on fat storage and feed efficiency.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The roles of myoglobin remain to be elaborated. We address sexual dimorphism in terms of outcomes in response to the loss of myoglobin in knockout mice and perform, for the first time, a series of comprehensive metabolic studies under conditions in which fat is mobilized (high-fat diet, cold). The results highlight that myoglobin is not necessary and sufficient for maintaining oxidative metabolism and point to alternative roles for this protein in muscle and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Brandon J Willis
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - D Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Juliana O'Reilly
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
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Diaz E, Weber JL, Cotter M, Porter C, Adams SH, Edwards T, Young C, Borsheim E. Predictors of Platelet Mitochondria Respiration in Children – The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab055_020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Platelets play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease (AD). In the absence of a nucleus, platelet function and viability are largely dependent on the health of their mitochondria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between common markers of cardiometabolic health in 7 to 10-year-old children and measures of platelet mitochondria function.
Methods
Sixty children participated in a single study visit. Fasting blood was collected, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, cycle ergometer test), physical activity (PA, accelerometers), and blood pressure percentiles were determined. Routine respiration (R) was measured by high-resolution respirometry (Oxygraph-2k) before platelets were permeabilized by digitonin. Thereafter, Complex I (CI) supported respiration was assayed in the leak (L), coupled (P) and uncoupled (CIE) states. Complex IV (CIV) activity was assayed as a marker of respiratory capacity. Flux control ratios (FCR) were calculated by dividing respiratory fluxes by CIV. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to model FCRs (dependent variables) with age, sex, race, CRF, PA, Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile, HOMA2-IR, systolic (SBP-P)/diastolic blood pressure percentiles (DBP-P), triglyceride status, and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) status (status = high vs. normal) as dependent variables.
Results
Age, race, LDL status and the interaction between BMI percentiles with SBP-P were retained in the final regression models for R, L, P and CIE FCRs. Specifically, R and CI supported respiration in the L, P and CIE states decreased with age (P < .05), black race (P < .05), and high LDL-cholesterol status (P < .0001). To assess for the interaction between BMI and SBP-P, children were stratified as normal weight (NW) or overweight (OW = BMI ≥ 85th percentile) with high (≥90th percentile) or normal SBP. FCRs did not differ between NW groups. However, FCRs where ∼2 times higher in children with OW + high SBP compared to children with OW + normal SBP (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Age, race, LDL cholesterol status, and systolic blood pressure are determinants of platelet bioenergetics in children. SBP-P modifies the association between weight status and platelet mitochondria respiration.
Funding Sources
USDA-ARS 59-6250-4-001 and 6026-51,000-012-06S. NIH-NIGMS 5P20GM10909, NIH 8UG1OD024945, NIH-NCATS 1UL1TR003107-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Diaz
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center
| | | | | | - Craig Porter
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center
| | - Sean H Adams
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center
| | | | - Catarina Young
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center
| | - Elisabet Borsheim
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center
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Mercer KE, Maurer A, Pack LM, Ono-Moore K, Spray BJ, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett D, Souza E, Casazza G, Keim N, Newman J, Hunter G, Fernadez J, Garvey WT, Harper ME, Hoppel C, Adams SH, Thyfault J. Exercise training and diet-induced weight loss increase markers of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis and reduce serum total BA concentrations in obese women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E864-E873. [PMID: 33645254 PMCID: PMC8238126 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00644.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise has profound metabolic influence on the liver, but effects on bile acid (BA) metabolism are less well known. BAs are synthesized exclusively in the liver from cholesterol via the rate-limiting enzyme cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). BAs contribute to the solubilization and absorption of lipids and serve as important signaling molecules, capable of systemic endocrine function. Circulating BAs increase with obesity and insulin resistance, but effects following exercise and diet-induced weight loss are unknown. To test if improvements in fitness and weight loss as a result of exercise training enhance BA metabolism, we measured serum concentrations of total BAs (conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary BAs) in sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women (N = 11) before (PRE) and after (POST) a ∼14-wk exercise and diet-induced weight loss intervention. BAs were measured in serum collected after an overnight fast and during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19; a regulator of BA synthesis) and 7-alpha-hydroxy-cholesten-3-one (C4, a marker of CYP7A1 enzymatic activity) also were measured. Using linear mixed-model analyses and the change in V̇O2peak (mL/min/kg) as a covariate, we observed that exercise and weight loss intervention decreased total fasting serum BA by ∼30% (P = 0.001) and increased fasting serum C4 concentrations by 55% (P = 0.004). C4 was significantly correlated with serum total BAs only in the POST condition, whereas serum FGF19 was unchanged. These data indicate that a fitness and weight loss intervention modifies BA metabolism in obese women and suggest that improved metabolic health associates with higher postabsorptive (fasting) BA synthesis. Furthermore, pre- vs. postintervention patterns of serum C4 following an OGTT support the hypothesis that responsiveness of BA synthesis to postprandial inhibition is improved after exercise and weight loss.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise and weight loss in previously sedentary, insulin-resistant women facilitates a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and fitness that may be linked to changes in bile acid metabolism. Diet-induced weight loss plus exercise-induced increases in fitness promote greater postabsorptive bile acid synthesis while also sensitizing the bile acid metabolic system to feedback inhibition during a glucose challenge when glucose and insulin are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Adrianna Maurer
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lindsay M Pack
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Beverly J Spray
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Carol J Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Dustin Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Elaine Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Gretchen Casazza
- Sports Medicine Program, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Nancy Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - John Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Gary Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose Fernadez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Hoppel
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
- Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - John Thyfault
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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18
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Kim T, Xie Y, Li Q, Artegoitia VM, Lebrilla CB, Keim NL, Adams SH, Krishnan S. Diet affects glycosylation of serum proteins in women at risk for cardiometabolic disease. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3727-3741. [PMID: 33770218 PMCID: PMC8437848 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Glycoproteomics deals with glycoproteins that are formed by post-translational modification when sugars (like fucose and sialic acid) are attached to protein. Glycosylation of proteins influences function, but whether glycosylation is altered by diet is unknown. Objective To evaluate the effect of consuming a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on circulating glycoproteins that have previously been associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Design Forty-four women, with one or more metabolic syndrome characteristics, completed an 8-week randomized controlled feeding intervention (n = 22) consuming a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA 2010); the remaining consumed a ‘typical American diet’ (TAD, n = 22). Fasting serum samples were obtained at week0 (baseline) and week8 (post-intervention); 17 serum proteins were chosen for targeted analyses. Protein standards and serum samples were analyzed in a UHPLC-MS protocol to determine peptide concentration and their glycan (fucosylation or sialylation) profiles. Data at baseline were used in correlational analyses; change in proteins and glycans following intervention were used in non-parametric analyses. Results At baseline, women with more metabolic syndrome characteristics had more fucosylation (total di-fucosylated proteins: p = 0.045) compared to women with a lesser number of metabolic syndrome characteristics. Dietary refined grain intake was associated with increased total fucosylation (ρ = − 0.530, p < 0.001) and reduced total sialylation (ρ = 0.311, p = 0.042). After the 8-week intervention, there was higher sialylation following the DGA diet (Total di-sialylated protein p = 0.018, poly-sialylated orosomucoid p = 0.012) compared to the TAD diet. Conclusions Based on this study, glycosylation of proteins is likely affected by dietary patterns; higher sialylation was associated with a healthier diet pattern. Altered glycosylation is associated with several diseases, particularly cancer and type 2 diabetes, and this study raises the possibility that diet may influence disease state by altering glycosylation. Clinical trial registration NCT02298725 at clinicaltrials.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02298725. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02539-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Kim
- Global Disease Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Virginia M Artegoitia
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-WHNRC, 430 W. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Keim
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-WHNRC, 430 W. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA.,Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, USA
| | - Sridevi Krishnan
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-WHNRC, 430 W. Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
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19
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Rosa F, Matazel KS, Bowlin AK, Williams KD, Elolimy AA, Adams SH, Bode L, Yeruva L. Neonatal Diet Impacts the Large Intestine Luminal Metabolome at Weaning and Post-Weaning in Piglets Fed Formula or Human Milk. Front Immunol 2020; 11:607609. [PMID: 33365033 PMCID: PMC7750455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of human milk (HM) or dairy milk-based formula (MF) on the large intestine’s metabolome was not investigated. Two-day old male piglets were randomly assigned to HM or MF diet (n = 26/group), from postnatal day (PND) 2 through 21 and weaned to a solid diet until PND 51. Piglets were euthanized at PND 21 and PND 51, luminal contents of the cecum, proximal (PC) and distal colons (DC), and rectum were collected and subjected to metabolomics analysis. Data analyses were performed using Metaboanalyst. In comparison to MF, the HM diet resulted in higher levels of fatty acids in the lumen of the cecum, PC, DC, and rectum at PND 21. Glutamic acid was greater in the lumen of cecum, PC, and DC relative to the MF group at PND 21. Also, spermidine was higher in the DC and rectal contents of HM relative to MF at PND 21. MF diet resulted in greater abundances of amino acids in the cecal lumen relative to HM diet at PND 21. Additionally, several sugar metabolites were higher in various regions of the distal gut of MF fed piglets relative to HM group at PND 21. In contrast, at PND 51, in various regions there were higher levels of erythritol, maltotriose, isomaltose in HM versus MF fed piglets. This suggests a post weaning shift in sugar metabolism that is impacted by neonatal diet. The data also suggest that infant diet type and host-microbiota interactions likely influence the lower gut metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosa
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Katelin S Matazel
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Anne K Bowlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keith D Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, United States
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
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20
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Krishnan S, Adams SH, Witbracht MG, Woodhouse LR, Piccolo BD, Thomas AP, Souza EC, Horn WF, Gertz ER, Van Loan MD, Keim NL. Weight Loss, but Not Dairy Composition of Diet, Moderately Affects Satiety and Postprandial Gut Hormone Patterns in Adults. J Nutr 2020; 151:245-254. [PMID: 33245130 PMCID: PMC8096231 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusion of dairy in diet patterns has been shown to have mixed effects on weight loss. A prevailing hypothesis is that dairy improves weight loss by influencing endocrine systems associated with satiety and food intake regulation. OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss with or without adequate dietary dairy on subjective and objective appetitive measures. METHODS Men and women who were habitual low dairy consumers (n = 65, 20-50 y) participated in a 12-wk randomized controlled feeding weight loss trial. During the 12-wk intervention, a low-dairy (<1 serving dairy/d) was compared with an adequate-dairy (3-4 servings dairy/d) diet, both with a 500-kcal deficit/d. Test days, before and at the end of the intervention, began with 2 fasting blood draws and visual analog scale (VAS) measures, followed by a standard breakfast (25% of prescribed restricted calories), 5 postbreakfast blood draws and VASs, a standard lunch (40% of restricted energy amount), and 12 postlunch blood draws and VASs. Blood samples were used for satiety hormone measurements. On a separate day when matching standard meals were consumed, an ad libitum buffet meal was provided as dinner, at a self-selected time. Meal duration and intermeal interval were recorded. RESULTS Weight loss (-6.1 kg), irrespective of dairy, resulted in reduced fasting insulin (-20%) and leptin (-25%), and increased fasting acylated ghrelin (+25%) and VAS desire to eat (+18%) (P < 0.05). There were no effects of dairy on objective or subjective satiety measures. Weight loss marginally reduced the intermeal interval (289 min compared with 276 min, P = 0.059) between lunch and the ad libitum buffet. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support the hypothesis that inclusion of dairy in long-term dietary patterns influences appetite during weight loss. Weight loss per se has a modest impact on select systems that regulate hunger and satiety.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00858312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Krishnan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Present address for SHA: Department of Surgery and Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Science, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Megan G Witbracht
- Present address for MGW: Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Leslie R Woodhouse
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Present address for BDP: Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Anthony P Thomas
- Present address for APT: Jarrow Formulas, Los Angeles, CA. Present address for ECS: Medical Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Elaine C Souza
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William F Horn
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erik R Gertz
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marta D Van Loan
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA,Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, USA
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21
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Maurer A, Ward JL, Dean K, Billinger SA, Lin H, Mercer KE, Adams SH, Thyfault JP. Divergence in aerobic capacity impacts bile acid metabolism in young women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:768-778. [PMID: 32853107 PMCID: PMC7654689 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00577.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver adaptations may be critical for regular exercise and high aerobic capacity to protect against metabolic disease, but mechanisms remain unknown. Bile acids (BAs) synthesized in the liver are bioactive and can putatively modify energy metabolism. Regular exercise influences BA metabolism in rodents, but effects in humans are unknown. This study tested whether female subjects screened for high aerobic capacity (Hi-Fit, n = 19) [peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak) ≥45 mL·kg-1·min-1] have increased hepatic BA synthesis and different circulating BA composition compared with those matched for age and body mass with low aerobic capacity (Lo-Fit, n = 19) (V̇o2peak ≤35 mL·kg-1·min-1). Diet patterns, activity level, stool, and blood were collected at baseline before participants received a 1-wk standardized, eucaloric diet. After the 1-wk standardized diet, stool and blood were again collected and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to assess insulin sensitivity and postprandial BA response. Contrary to our hypothesis, serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a surrogate of BA synthesis, was not different between groups, whereas Hi-Fit women had lower fecal BA concentrations compared with Lo-Fit women. However, Lo-Fit women had a higher and more sustained rise in circulating conjugated BAs during the OGTT. Hi-Fit women showed a significant post-OGTT elevation of the secondary BA, lithocholic acid (a potent TGR5 agonist), in contrast to Lo-Fit women where no response was observed. A 1-wk control diet eliminated most differences in circulating BA species between groups. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of using a standardized diet when evaluating BAs and indicate that regular exercise and aerobic capacity modulate BA metabolism under postprandial conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Women with contrasting exercise and aerobic capacity levels show clear differences in bile acid (BA) metabolism. Women with low aerobic capacity (Lo-Fit) have increased circulating conjugated BAs post oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), whereas women with high aerobic capacity (Hi-Fit) display a transient increase. Hi-Fit women show an increase in the secondary BA, lithocholic acid, during the OGTT not seen in Lo-Fit women. Differences in circulating BA species between Hi- and Lo-Fit women possibly contribute to differences in insulin sensitivity and energy regulation via different signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Maurer
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jaimie L Ward
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kelsey Dean
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Haixia Lin
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John P Thyfault
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyle and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri
- Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
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22
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Ono-Moore KD, Rutkowsky JM, Pearson NA, Williams DK, Grobe JL, Tolentino T, Lloyd KCK, Adams SH. Coupling of energy intake and energy expenditure across a temperature spectrum: impact of diet-induced obesity in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E472-E484. [PMID: 32691631 PMCID: PMC7509245 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00041.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic sequelae are implicated in dysfunction of the somatosensory, sympathetic, and hypothalamic systems. Because these systems contribute to integrative regulation of energy expenditure (EE) and energy intake (EI) in response to ambient temperature (Ta) changes, we hypothesized that diet-induced obesity (DIO) disrupts Ta-associated EE-EI coupling. C57BL/6N male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% kcal) or low-fat diet (LFD; 10% kcal) for ∼9.5 wk; HFD mice were then split into body weight (BWT) quartiles (n = 8 each) to study DIO-low gainers (Q1) versus -high gainers (Q4). EI and indirect calorimetry (IC) were measured over 3 days each at 10°C, 20°C, and 30°C. Responses did not differ between LFD, Q1, and Q4; EI and BWT-adjusted EE increased rapidly when transitioning toward 20°C and 10°C. In all groups, EI at 30°C was not reduced despite lower EE, resulting in positive energy balance and respiratory exchange ratios consistent with increased de novo lipogenesis, energy storage, and relative hyperphagia. We conclude that 1) systems controlling Ta-dependent acute EI/EE coupling remained intact in obese mice and 2) rapid coupling of EI/EE at cooler temperatures is an important adaptation to maintain energy stores and defend body temperature, but less critical at thermoneutrality. A post hoc analysis using digestible EI plus IC-calculated EE suggests that standard IC assumptions for EE calculation require further validation in the setting of DIO. The experimental paradigm provides a platform to query the hypothalamic, somatosensory, and sympathetic mechanisms that drive Ta-associated EI/EE coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer M Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nicole A Pearson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - D Keith Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Justin L Grobe
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Todd Tolentino
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - K C Kent Lloyd
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, University of California, Davis, California
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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23
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Grapov D, Fiehn O, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Keim NL, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Hoppel CL, Harper M, Newman JW, Adams SH. Impact of a weight loss and fitness intervention on exercise-associated plasma oxylipin patterns in obese, insulin-resistant, sedentary women. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14547. [PMID: 32869956 PMCID: PMC7460071 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about how metabolic health status, insulin resistance or metabolic challenges modulate the endocannabinoid (eCB) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived oxylipin (OxL) lipid classes. To address these questions, plasma eCB and OxL concentrations were determined at rest, 10 and 20 min during an acute exercise bout (30 min total, ~45% of preintervention V̇O2peak , ~63 W), and following 20 min recovery in overnight-fasted sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women under controlled diet conditions. We hypothesized that increased fitness and insulin sensitivity following a ~14-week training and weight loss intervention would lead to significant changes in lipid signatures using an identical acute exercise protocol to preintervention. In the first 10 min of exercise, concentrations of a suite of OxL diols and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) metabolites dropped significantly. There was no increase in 12,13-DiHOME, previously reported to increase with exercise and proposed to activate muscle fatty acid uptake and tissue metabolism. Following weight loss intervention, exercise-associated reductions were more pronounced for several linoleate and alpha-linolenate metabolites including DiHOMEs, DiHODEs, KODEs, and EpODEs, and fasting concentrations of 9,10-DiHODE, 12,13-DiHODE, and 9,10-DiHOME were reduced. These findings suggest that improved metabolic health modifies soluble epoxide hydrolase, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP), and lipoxygenase (LOX) systems. Acute exercise led to reductions for most eCB metabolites, with no evidence for concentration increases even at recovery. It is proposed that during submaximal aerobic exercise, nonoxidative fates of long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and PUFAs are attenuated in tissues that are important contributors to the blood OxL and eCB pools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Carol J. Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Dustin J. Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | - Elaine C. Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Nancy L. Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Gary R. Hunter
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
- Human Studies DepartmentUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - Jose R. Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamALUSA
| | - Charles L. Hoppel
- Pharmacology DepartmentCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Mary‐Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - John W. Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCAUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition CenterLittle RockARUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA
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24
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Blackburn ML, Ono-Moore KD, Sobhi HF, Adams SH. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 knockout potentiates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C 2C 12 myotubes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E265-E275. [PMID: 32459525 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00515.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are implicated in muscle inflammation/cell stress and insulin resistance, but the catalog of factors involved is incomplete. SFA derivatives that accumulate with mismatched FA availability and FA oxidation (FAO) are likely involved, and evidence has emerged that select acylcarnitines should be considered. To understand if excessive long-chain acylcarnitine accumulation and limited FAO associate with lipotoxicity, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 knockout C2C12 cells were generated (CPT2 KO). CPT2 KO was confirmed by Western blot, increased palmitoylcarnitine accumulation, and loss of FAO capacity. There was no effect of CPT2 KO on palmitic acid (PA) concentration-dependent increases in media IL-6 or adenylate kinase. PA at 200 and 500 µM did not trigger cell stress responses (phospho-Erk, -JNK, or -p38) above that of vehicle in WT or CPT2 KO cells. In contrast, loss of CPT2 exacerbated PA-induced insulin resistance (acute phospho-Akt; 10 or 100 nM insulin) by as much as ~50-96% compared with WT. Growing cells in carnitine-free media abolished differences between WT and CPT2 KO, but this did not fully rescue PA-induced insulin resistance. The results suggest that PA-induced insulin resistance stems in part from palmitoylcarnitine accumulation, further supporting the hypothesis that select acylcarnitines participate in cell signaling and, when in excess, can compromise cell function. Since carnitine-free conditions could not fully rescue insulin signaling, and CPT2 KO did not alter cell stress responses, the majority of PA-induced "lipotoxicity" in C2C12 myotubes cannot be attributed to palmitoylcarnitine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | | | - Hany F Sobhi
- Center for Organic Synthesis, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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25
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Mercer KE, Yeruva L, Pack L, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Chintapalli SV, Wankhade UD, Shankar K, Havel PJ, Adams SH, Piccolo BD. Xenometabolite signatures in the UC Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model revealed using a metabolomics platform enriched with microbe-derived metabolites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G157-G169. [PMID: 32508155 PMCID: PMC7500265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00105.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has the potential to create or modify xenometabolites (i.e., nonhost-derived metabolites) through de novo synthesis or modification of exogenous and endogenous compounds. While there are isolated examples of xenometabolites influencing host health and disease, wide-scale characterization of these metabolites remains limited. We developed a metabolomics platform ("XenoScan") using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize a range of known and suspected xenometabolites and their derivatives. This assay currently applies authentic standards for 190 molecules, enriched for metabolites of microbial origin. As a proof-of-principle, we characterized the cecal content xenometabolomics profile in adult male lean Sprague-Dawley (LSD) and University of California, Davis type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats at different stages of diabetes. These results were correlated to specific bacterial species generated via shotgun metagenomic sequencing. UCD-T2DM rats had a unique xenometabolite profile compared with LSD rats, regardless of diabetes status, suggesting that at least some of the variation is associated with host genetics. Furthermore, modeling approaches revealed that several xenometabolites discriminated UCD-T2DM rats at early stages of diabetes versus those at 3 mo postdiabetes onset. Several xenometabolite hubs correlated with specific bacterial species in both LSD and UCD-T2DM rats. For example, indole-3-propionic acid negatively correlated with species within the Oscillibacter genus in UCD-T2DM rats considered to be prediabetic or recently diagnosed diabetic, in contrast to gluconic acid and trimethylamine, which were positively correlated with Oscillibacter species. The application of a xenometabolite-enriched metabolomics assay in relevant milieus will enable rapid identification of a wide variety of gut-derived metabolites, their derivatives, and their potential biochemical origins of xenometabolites in relationship to host gastrointestinal microbial ecology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We debut a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) platform called the XenoScan, which is a metabolomics platform for xenometabolites (nonself-originating metabolites). This assay has 190 in-house standards with the majority enriched for microbe-derived metabolites. As a proof-of-principle, we used the XenoScan to discriminate genetic differences from cecal samples associated with different rat lineages, in addition to characterizing diabetes progression in rat model of type 2 diabetes. Complementing microbial sequencing data with xenometabolites uncovered novel microbial metabolism in targeted organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Mercer
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas,3Arkansas Children’s Research
Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Lindsay Pack
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James L. Graham
- 4Department of Nutrition, University of
California of California, Davis,
California,5Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis,
California
| | - Kimber L. Stanhope
- 4Department of Nutrition, University of
California of California, Davis,
California,5Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis,
California
| | - Sree V. Chintapalli
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Umesh D. Wankhade
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Kartik Shankar
- 6Department of Pediatrics, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora,
Colorado
| | - Peter J. Havel
- 4Department of Nutrition, University of
California of California, Davis,
California,5Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, University of California, Davis,
California
| | - Sean H. Adams
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition
Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock,
Arkansas
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Mercer KE, Ten Have GAM, Pack L, Lan R, Deutz NEP, Adams SH, Piccolo BD. Net release and uptake of xenometabolites across intestinal, hepatic, muscle, and renal tissue beds in healthy conscious pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G133-G141. [PMID: 32538141 PMCID: PMC7500263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00153.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Xenometabolites from microbial and plant sources are thought to confer beneficial as well as deleterious effects on host physiology. Studies determining absorption and tissue uptake of xenometabolites are limited. We utilized a conscious catheterized pig model to evaluate interorgan flux of annotated known and suspected xenometabolites, derivatives, and bile acids. Female pigs (n = 12, 2-3 mo old, 25.6 ± 2.2 kg) had surgically implanted catheters across portal-drained viscera (PDV), splanchnic compartment (SPL), liver, kidney, and hindquarter muscle. Overnight-fasted arterial and venous plasma was collected simultaneously in a conscious state and stored at -80°C. Thawed samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma flow was determined with para-aminohippuric acid dilution technology and used to calculate net organ balance for each metabolite. Significant organ uptake or release was determined if net balance differed from zero. A total of 48 metabolites were identified in plasma, and 31 of these had at least one tissue with a significant net release or uptake. All bile acids, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-arylic acid, and hydrocinnamic acid were released from the intestine and taken up by the liver. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, p-cresol glucuronide, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, dodecanendioic acid, and phenylacetylglycine were also released from the intestines. Liver or kidney uptake was noted for indole-3-acetylglycine, p-cresol glucuronide, atrolactic acid, and dodecanedioic acid. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, atrolactic acid, and dodecanedioic acids showed net release from skeletal muscle. The results confirm gastrointestinal origins for several known xenometabolites in an in vivo overnight-fasted conscious pig model, whereas nongut net release of other putative xenometabolites suggests a more complex metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Xenometabolites from microbe origins influence host health and disease, but absorption and tissue uptake of these metabolites remain speculative. Results herein are the first to demonstrate in vivo organ uptake and release of these metabolites. We used a conscious catheterized pig model to confirm gastrointestinal origins for several xenometabolites (e.g., indolic compounds, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, dodecanendioic acid, and phenylacetylgycine). Liver and kidney were major sites for xenometabolite uptake, likely highlighting liver conjugation metabolism and renal excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Mercer
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gabriella A. M. Ten Have
- 3Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Lindsay Pack
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Renny Lan
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nicolaas E. P. Deutz
- 3Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sean H. Adams
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Brink LR, Mercer KE, Piccolo BD, Chintapalli SV, Elolimy A, Bowlin AK, Matazel KS, Pack L, Adams SH, Shankar K, Badger TM, Andres A, Yeruva L. Neonatal diet alters fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles at different ages in infants fed breast milk or formula. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1190-1202. [PMID: 32330237 PMCID: PMC7266684 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diet has a large influence on child health and might modulate changes in fecal microbiota and metabolites. OBJECTIVES The aim is to investigate fecal microbiota and metabolites at different ages in infants who were breastfed (BF), received dairy-based milk formula (MF), or received soy-based formula (SF). METHODS Fecal samples were collected at 3 (n = 16, 12, and 14, respectively), 6 (n = 20, 19, and 15, respectively), 9 (n = 12, 11, and 12, respectively), and 12 mo (n = 14, 14, and 15, respectively) for BF, MF, and SF infants. Infants that breastfed until 9 mo and switched to formula were considered as no longer breastfeeding at 12 mo. Microbiota data were obtained using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Untargeted metabolomics was conducted using a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The data were analyzed using R (version 3.6.0) within the RStudio (version 1.1.463) platform. RESULTS At 3, 6, and 9 mo of age BF infants had the lowest α-diversity, SF infants had the highest diversity, and MF was intermediate. Bifidobacterium was 2.6- to 5-fold lower in SF relative to BF infants through 1 y of life. An unidentified genus from Ruminococcaceae higher in the SF (2%) than in the MF (0.4%) and BF (0.08%) infants at 3 mo of age was observed. In BF infants higher levels of butyric acid, d-sphingosine, kynurenic acid, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and betaine were observed than in MF and SF infants. At 3 mo Ruminococcaceae was positively correlated to azelaic, gentisic, isocitric, sebacic, and syringic acids. At 6 mo Oscillospira was negatively correlated with 3-hydroxybutyric-acid, hydroxy-hydrocinnamic acid, and betaine whereas Bifidobacterium was negatively associated with 5-hydroxytryptamine. At 12 mo of age, Lachnospiraceae was negatively associated with hydroxyphenyllactic acid. CONCLUSIONS Infant diet has a large impact on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in the first year of life.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00616395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Brink
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ahmed Elolimy
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Anne K Bowlin
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Katelin S Matazel
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lindsay Pack
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Sobhi HF, Zhao X, Plomgaard P, Hoene M, Hansen JS, Karus B, Niess AM, Häring HU, Lehmann R, Adams SH, Xu G, Weigert C. Identification and regulation of the xenometabolite derivatives cis- and trans-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine in plasma and skeletal muscle of exercising humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E701-E709. [PMID: 32101032 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00510.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about xenometabolites in human metabolism, particularly under exercising conditions. Previously, an exercise-modifiable, likely xenometabolite derivative, cis-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine, was reported in human plasma. Here, we identified trans-3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine, and its cis-isomer, in plasma and skeletal muscle by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We analyzed the regulation by exercise and the arterial-to-venous differences of these cyclopropane ring-containing carnitine esters over the hepatosplanchnic bed and the exercising leg in plasma samples obtained in three separate studies from young, lean and healthy males. Compared with other medium-chain acylcarnitines, the plasma concentrations of the 3,4-methylene-heptanoylcarnitine isomers only marginally increased with exercise. Both isomers showed a more than twofold increase in the skeletal muscle tissue of the exercising leg; this may have been due to the net effect of fatty acid oxidation in the exercising muscle and uptake from blood. The latter idea is supported by a more than twofold increased net uptake in the exercising leg only. Both isomers showed a constant release from the hepatosplanchnic bed, with an increased release of the trans-isomer after exercise. The isomers differ in their plasma concentration, with a four times higher concentration of the cis-isomer regardless of the exercise state. This is the first approach studying kinetics and fluxes of xenolipid isomers from tissues under exercise conditions, supporting the hypothesis that hepatic metabolism of cyclopropane ring-containing fatty acids is one source of these acylcarnitines in plasma. The data also provide clear evidence for an exercise-dependent regulation of xenometabolites, opening perspectives for future studies about the physiological role of this largely unknown class of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany F Sobhi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center for Organic Synthesis, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Hoene
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jakob S Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikt Karus
- Department for Sports Medicine, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Niess
- Department for Sports Medicine, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans U Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, China
| | - Cora Weigert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Seo HS, Adams SH, Howard LR, Brownmiller C, Hogan V, Chen JR, Pramudya RC. Children's liking and wanting of foods vary over multiple bites/sips of consumption: A case study of foods containing wild blueberry powder in the amounts targeted to deliver bioactive phytonutrients for children. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108981. [PMID: 32247487 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To encourage children to frequently consume wild blueberries as part of their dietary patterns, incorporating blueberry powder into specific foods may be an effective strategy. Thus, it is important to determine appropriate types of food products that both minimize food processing-induced loss of beneficial components of blueberries (e.g., anthocyanins) and satisfy at the same time both nutritional and sensory aspects. For clinical studies assessing the health benefits of blueberry-containing food samples, it would be important to ensure children consume the entire portion of the test samples. This study, therefore, aimed at determining how sensory acceptability (liking) and psychological reward (wanting) of wild blueberry-based foods vary over multiple steps of ad libitum consumption: appearance, first bite/sip, half bite/sip, and full consumption. Five different types of foods containing the targeted amount of wild blueberry powder were prepared for sensory testing (oatmeal bar, beverage, ice pop, gummy, and cookie), and the residual amounts of total anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid were measured to confirm levels targeted to deliver bioactive amounts of these phytochemicals. Results showed that while overall liking and desire to eat did not differ among the five samples at the appearance and first bite/sip steps, they differed significantly at the end of consumption. Although children liked and wanted to consume the cookies more when compared to beverages, ice pops, and/or gummies, total anthocyanin contents were lower in cookies and gummies than in wild blueberry powder, beverage, and ice pop samples. Notably, the oatmeal bars with significant amounts of total anthocyanin and chlorogenic acid did not significantly differ from the cookies with respect to overall liking, desire to eat, and the amount consumed. In conclusion, this study shows that sensory evaluation using multiple bites/sips of ad libitum food consumption, along with a measurement of beneficial compounds, is efficient in determining appropriate vehicles for clinical studies of wild blueberry-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Seok Seo
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, 512-20B, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Luke R Howard
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Cindy Brownmiller
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Victoria Hogan
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, 512-20B, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Ragita C Pramudya
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
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McCoin CS, Gillingham MB, Knotts TA, Vockley J, Ono-Moore KD, Blackburn ML, Norman JE, Adams SH. Blood cytokine patterns suggest a modest inflammation phenotype in subjects with long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14037. [PMID: 30912279 PMCID: PMC6434073 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive cellular accumulation or exposure to lipids such as long‐chain acylcarnitines (LCACs), ceramides, and others is implicated in cell stress and inflammation. Such a situation might manifest when there is a significant mismatch between long‐chain fatty acid (LCFA) availability versus storage and oxidative utilization; for example, in cardiac ischemia, increased LCACs may contribute to tissue cell stress and infarct damage. Perturbed LCFAβ‐oxidation is also seen in fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs). FAODs typically manifest with fasting‐ or stress‐induced symptoms, and patients can manage many symptoms through control of diet and physical activity. However, episodic clinical events involving cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies are common and can present without an obvious molecular trigger. We have speculated that systemic or tissue‐specific lipotoxicity and activation of inflammation pathways contribute to long‐chain FAOD pathophysiology. With this in mind, we characterized inflammatory phenotype (14 blood plasma cytokines) in resting, overnight‐fasted (~10 h), or exercise‐challenged subjects with clinically well‐controlled long‐chain FAODs (n = 12; 10 long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase [LCHAD]; 2 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 [CPT2]) compared to healthy controls (n = 12). Across experimental conditions, concentrations of three cytokines were modestly but significantly increased in FAOD (IFNγ, IL‐8, and MDC), and plasma levels of IL‐10 (considered an inflammation‐dampening cytokine) were significantly decreased. These novel results indicate that while asymptomatic FAOD patients do not display gross body‐wide inflammation even after moderate exercise, β‐oxidation deficiencies might be associated with chronic and subtle activation of “sterile inflammation.” Further studies are warranted to determine if inflammation is more apparent in poorly controlled long‐chain FAOD or when long‐chain FAOD‐associated symptoms are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S McCoin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Melanie B Gillingham
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Trina A Knotts
- School of Medicine Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jennifer E Norman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Carvalho E, Adams SH, Børsheim E, Blackburn ML, Ono-Moore KD, Cotter M, Bowlin AK, Yeruva L. Neonatal diet impacts liver mitochondrial bioenergetics in piglets fed formula or human milk. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32318270 PMCID: PMC7158137 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diet impacts many physiological systems and can modify risk for developing metabolic disease and obesity later in life. Less well studied is the effect of postnatal diet (e.g., comparing human milk (HM) or milk formula (MF) feeding) on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Such effects may be most profound in splanchnic tissues that would have early exposure to diet-associated or gut microbe-derived factors. METHODS To address this question, we measured ileal and liver mitochondrial bioenergetics phenotypes in male piglets fed with HM or MF from day 2 to day 21 age. Ileal and liver tissue were processed for mitochondrial respiration (substrate only [pyruvate, malate, glutamate], substrate + ADP, and proton "leak" post-oligomycin; measured by Oroboros methods), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and metabolically-relevant gene expression analyses. RESULTS No differences between the diet groups were observed in mitochondrial bioenergetics indices in ileal tissue. In contrast, ADP-dependent liver Complex I-linked OXPHOS capacity and Complex I + II-linked OXPHOS capacity were significantly higher in MF animals relative to HM fed piglets. Interestingly, p53, Trap1, and Pparβ transcript abundances were higher in MF-fed relative to HM-fed piglets in the liver. Mitochondrial DNA copy numbers (normalized to nuclear DNA) were similar within-tissue regardless of postnatal diet, and were ~ 2-3 times higher in liver vs. ileal tissue. CONCLUSION While mechanisms remain to be identified, the data indicate that neonatal diet can significantly impact liver mitochondrial bioenergetics phenotypes, even in the absence of a change in mtDNA abundance. Since permeabilized liver mitochondrial respiration was increased in MF piglets only in the presence of ADP, it suggests that formula feeding led to a higher ATP turnover. Specific mechanisms and signals involved with neonatal diet-associated differences in liver bioenergetics remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Carvalho
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Michael L. Blackburn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Kikumi D. Ono-Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Anne K. Bowlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
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Lavefve L, Brownmiller C, Howard L, Reeves D, Adams SH, Chen JR, Diaz EC, Mauromoustakos A. Changes in Polyphenolics during Storage of Products Prepared with Freeze-Dried Wild Blueberry Powder. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040466. [PMID: 32283703 PMCID: PMC7231037 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild blueberry (WBB) powder can be added to the formulation of foods to encourage consumption of health-promoting polyphenolics, but the stability of polyphenolics throughout storage is important. We determined the stability of polyphenolics in five products (ice pop, oatmeal bar, graham cracker cookie, juice, and gummy product) prepared with WBB powder. Samples stored at 21 °C, 4.4 °C, or −20 °C (ice pops only) were analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks for polyphenolic content and percent polymeric color. Total anthocyanins decreased over storage and storage temperatures in all products. However, the ice pop and the refrigerated juice both retained over 90% of their initial total anthocyanin content. The refrigerated oatmeal bar also showed good retention of anthocyanins (86%), but the gummy product retained only 43% and 51% when stored at 4.4 °C or 21 °C, respectively. The lower amount of polyphenolic compounds recovered in the gummies stored at 4.4 °C compared to 21 °C may be attributed to reduced extraction efficiency as a result of gel hardening at refrigerated temperature. Chlorogenic acid and flavonols were generally more stable than anthocyanins throughout storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lavefve
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Cindi Brownmiller
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Luke Howard
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Donovon Reeves
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Jin-Ran Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Eva C Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, 1 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Andy Mauromoustakos
- Agricultural Statistics Lab, 104 Agricultural Annex, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Ono-Moore KD, Rutkowsky JM, Pearson NA, Grobe JL, Tolentino T, Ramsey JJ, Lloyd KK, Adams SH. Tight Regulation of Energy Intake and Expenditure Across a Temperature Spectrum is Disrupted at Thermoneutrality. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.08678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hirahatake KM, Bruno RS, Bolling BW, Blesso C, Alexander LM, Adams SH. Dairy Foods and Dairy Fats: New Perspectives on Pathways Implicated in Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:266-279. [PMID: 31555799 PMCID: PMC7442361 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-fat and nonfat dairy products have been promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern by both US dietary guidelines and professional organizations for several decades. The basis for this recommendation stems in part from the putative negative cardiometabolic effects associated with saturated fat consumption. However, as nutrition research has shifted from a single nutrient to a whole-food/dietary pattern approach, the role of dairy foods and dairy fat in the diet-disease relationship is being reexamined. Most observational and experimental evidence does not support a detrimental relationship between full-fat dairy intake and cardiometabolic health, including risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, an expanded understanding of the dairy food matrix and the bioactive properties of dairy fats and other constituents suggests a neutral or potentially beneficial role in cardiometabolic health. To consider how consuming dairy foods, including full-fat dairy, is associated with cardiometabolic health, this review provides an innovative perspective on mechanisms that link dairy consumption to 3 main biological systems at the core of metabolic health, the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hirahatake
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Address correspondence to SHA (e-mail: )
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Krishnan S, Lee F, Burnett DJ, Kan A, Bonnel EL, Allen LH, Adams SH, Keim NL. Challenges in Designing and Delivering Diets and Assessing Adherence: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa022. [PMID: 32190808 PMCID: PMC7066378 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled-feeding trials are challenging to design and administer in a free-living setting. There is a need to share methods and best practices for diet design, delivery, and standard adherence metrics. OBJECTIVES This report describes menu planning, implementing, and monitoring of controlled diets for an 8-wk free-living trial comparing a diet pattern based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) and a more typical American diet (TAD) pattern based on NHANES 2009-2010. The objectives were to 1) provide meals that were acceptable, portable, and simple to assemble at home; 2) blind the intervention diets to the greatest extent possible; and 3) use tools measuring adherence to determine the success of the planned and implemented menu. METHODS Menus were blinded by placing similar dishes on the 2 intervention diets but changing recipes. Adherence was monitored using daily food checklists, a real-time dashboard of scores from daily checklists, weigh-backs of containers returned, and 24-h urinary nitrogen recoveries. Proximate analyses of diet composites were used to compare the macronutrient composition of the composite and planned menu. RESULTS Meeting nutrient intake recommendations while scaling menus for individual energy intake amounts and food portions was most challenging for vitamins D and E, the sodium-to-potassium ratio, dietary fiber, and fatty acid composition. Dietary adherence for provided foods was >95%, with no differences between groups. Urinary nitrogen recoveries were ∼80% relative to nitrogen intake and not different between groups. Composite proximate analysis matched the plan for dietary fat, protein, and carbohydrates. Dietary fiber was ∼2.5 g higher in the TAD composite compared with the planned menu, but ∼7.4 g lower than the DGA composite. CONCLUSIONS Both DGA and TAD diets were acceptable to most participants. This conclusion was supported by self-reported consumption, quantitative weigh-backs of provided food, and urinary nitrogen recovery. Dietary adherence measures in controlled-feeding trials would benefit from standard protocols to promote uniformity across studies. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02298725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Krishnan
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Fanny Lee
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Annie Kan
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ellen L Bonnel
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Arkansas Children's Research Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Tas E, Bai S, Ou X, Mercer K, Lin H, Mansfield K, Buchmann R, Diaz EC, Oden J, Børsheim E, Adams SH, Dranoff J. Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 to Adiponectin Ratio: A Potential Biomarker to Monitor Liver Fat in Children With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:654. [PMID: 33071964 PMCID: PMC7533567 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a pressing need for effective and non-invasive biomarkers to track intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) in children at-risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as standard-of-care reference tools, liver biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are impractical to monitor the course disease. Objective: We aimed to examine the association between serum fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 to adiponectin ratio (FAR) and IHTG as assessed by MRI in children with obesity. Methods: Serum FGF21 and adiponectin levels and IHTG were measured at two time points (baseline, 6 months) in obese children enrolled in a clinical weight loss program. The association between percent change in FAR and IHTG at final visit was examined using a multiple linear regression model. Results: At baseline, FAR was higher in the subjects with NAFLD (n = 23, 35.8 ± 41.9 pg/ng) than without NAFLD (n = 35, 19.8 ± 13.7 pg/ng; p = 0.042). Forty-eight subjects completed both visits and were divided into IHTG loss (≥1% reduction than baseline), no change (within ±1% change), and gain (≥1% increase than baseline) groups. At 6 months, the percent change in FAR was different among the three groups (p = 0.005). Multiple linear regression showed a positive relationship between percent change in FAR and the final liver fat percent in sex and pubertal stage-similar subjects with NAFLD at baseline (slope coefficient 6.18, 95% CI 1.90-10.47, P = 0.007), but not in those without NAFLD. Conclusions: Higher value in percent increase in FAR is positively associated with higher level of IHTG percent value at 6 months in children with baseline NAFLD. FAR could be a potential biomarker to monitor the changes in IHTG in children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Tas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Emir Tas
| | - Shasha Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiawei Ou
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kelly Mercer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Haixia Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kori Mansfield
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Robert Buchmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Eva C. Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jon Oden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jonathan Dranoff
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Adams SH, Anthony JC, Carvajal R, Chae L, Khoo CSH, Latulippe ME, Matusheski NV, McClung HL, Rozga M, Schmid CH, Wopereis S, Yan W. Perspective: Guiding Principles for the Implementation of Personalized Nutrition Approaches That Benefit Health and Function. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:25-34. [PMID: 31504115 PMCID: PMC7442375 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized nutrition (PN) approaches have been shown to help drive behavior change and positively influence health outcomes. This has led to an increase in the development of commercially available PN programs, which utilize various forms of individual-level information to provide services and products for consumers. The lack of a well-accepted definition of PN or an established set of guiding principles for the implementation of PN creates barriers for establishing credibility and efficacy. To address these points, the North American Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute convened a multidisciplinary panel. In this article, a definition for PN is proposed: "Personalized nutrition uses individual-specific information, founded in evidence-based science, to promote dietary behavior change that may result in measurable health benefits." In addition, 10 guiding principles for PN approaches are proposed: 1) define potential users and beneficiaries; 2) use validated diagnostic methods and measures; 3) maintain data quality and relevance; 4) derive data-driven recommendations from validated models and algorithms; 5) design PN studies around validated individual health or function needs and outcomes; 6) provide rigorous scientific evidence for an effect on health or function; 7) deliver user-friendly tools; 8) for healthy individuals, align with population-based recommendations; 9) communicate transparently about potential effects; and 10) protect individual data privacy and act responsibly. These principles are intended to establish a basis for responsible approaches to the evidence-based research and practice of PN and serve as an invitation for further public dialog. Several challenges were identified for PN to continue gaining acceptance, including defining the health-disease continuum, identification of biomarkers, changing regulatory landscapes, accessibility, and measuring success. Although PN approaches hold promise for public health in the future, further research is needed on the accuracy of dietary intake measurement, utilization and standardization of systems approaches, and application and communication of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | | | - Lee Chae
- Brightseed, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chor San H Khoo
- International Life Sciences Institute North America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marie E Latulippe
- International Life Sciences Institute North America, Washington, DC, USA,Address correspondence to MEL (e-mail: )
| | | | - Holly L McClung
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Mary Rozga
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Suzan Wopereis
- Research Group Microbiology & Systems Biology, TNO, Zeist, Netherlands
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Grapov D, Fiehn O, Campbell C, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Keim NL, Newman JW, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Hoppel CL, Harper ME, Adams SH. Exercise plasma metabolomics and xenometabolomics in obese, sedentary, insulin-resistant women: impact of a fitness and weight loss intervention. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E999-E1014. [PMID: 31526287 PMCID: PMC6962502 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00091.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance has wide-ranging effects on metabolism, but there are knowledge gaps regarding the tissue origins of systemic metabolite patterns and how patterns are altered by fitness and metabolic health. To address these questions, plasma metabolite patterns were determined every 5 min during exercise (30 min, ∼45% of V̇o2peak, ∼63 W) and recovery in overnight-fasted sedentary, obese, insulin-resistant women under controlled conditions of diet and physical activity. We hypothesized that improved fitness and insulin sensitivity following a ∼14-wk training and weight loss intervention would lead to fixed workload plasma metabolomics signatures reflective of metabolic health and muscle metabolism. Pattern analysis over the first 15 min of exercise, regardless of pre- versus postintervention status, highlighted anticipated increases in fatty acid tissue uptake and oxidation (e.g., reduced long-chain fatty acids), diminution of nonoxidative fates of glucose [e.g., lowered sorbitol-pathway metabolites and glycerol-3-galactoside (possible glycerolipid synthesis metabolite)], and enhanced tissue amino acid use (e.g., drops in amino acids; modest increase in urea). A novel observation was that exercise significantly increased several xenometabolites ("non-self" molecules, from microbes or foods), including benzoic acid-salicylic acid-salicylaldehyde, hexadecanol-octadecanol-dodecanol, and chlorogenic acid. In addition, many nonannotated metabolites changed with exercise. Although exercise itself strongly impacted the global metabolome, there were surprisingly few intervention-associated differences despite marked improvements in insulin sensitivity, fitness, and adiposity. These results and previously reported plasma acylcarnitine profiles support the principle that most metabolic changes during submaximal aerobic exercise are closely tethered to absolute ATP turnover rate (workload), regardless of fitness or metabolic health status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Caitlin Campbell
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Carol J Chandler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Elaine C Souza
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Gretchen A Casazza
- Sports Medicine Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Nancy L Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - John W Newman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gary R Hunter
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
- Human Studies Department, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jose R Fernandez
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charles L Hoppel
- Pharmacology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Morris JK, Piccolo BD, John CS, Green ZD, Thyfault JP, Adams SH. Oxylipin Profiling of Alzheimer's Disease in Nondiabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Elderly. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9090177. [PMID: 31491971 PMCID: PMC6780570 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated lipids, called “oxylipins,” serve a variety of important signaling roles within the cell. Oxylipins have been linked to inflammation and vascular function, and blood patterns have been shown to differ in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Because these factors (inflammation, vascular function, diabetes) are also associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, we set out to characterize the serum oxylipin profile in elderly and AD subjects to understand if there are shared patterns between AD and T2D. We obtained serum from 126 well-characterized, overnight-fasted elderly individuals who underwent a stringent cognitive evaluation and were determined to be cognitively healthy or AD. Because the oxylipin profile may also be influenced by T2D, we assessed nondiabetic and T2D subjects separately. Within nondiabetic individuals, cognitively healthy subjects had higher levels of the nitrolipid 10-nitrooleate (16.8% higher) compared to AD subjects. AD subjects had higher levels of all four dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DiHETrE) species: 14,15-DiHETrE (18% higher), 11,12 DiHETrE (18% higher), 8,9-DiHETrE (23% higher), and 5,6-DiHETrE (15% higher). Within T2D participants, we observed elevations in 14,15-dihydroxyeicosa-5,8,11-trienoic acid (14,15-DiHETE; 66% higher), 17,18-dihydroxyeicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid (17,18-DiHETE; 29% higher) and 17-hydroxy-4,7,10,13,15,19-docosahexaenoic acid (17-HDoHE; 105% higher) and summed fatty acid diols (85% higher) in subjects with AD compared to cognitively healthy elderly, with no differences in the DiHETrE species between groups. Although these effects were no longer significant following stringent adjustment for multiple comparisons, the consistent effects on groups of molecules with similar physiological roles, as well as clear differences in the AD-related profiles within nondiabetic and T2D individuals, warrant further research into these molecules in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Morris
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Casey S John
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Zachary D Green
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS 66205, USA.
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66045, USA.
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Rose S, Carvalho E, Diaz EC, Cotter M, Bennuri SC, Azhar G, Frye RE, Adams SH, Børsheim E. A comparative study of mitochondrial respiration in circulating blood cells and skeletal muscle fibers in women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E503-E512. [PMID: 31211617 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00084.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration is thought to be altered in obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes; however, the invasive nature of tissue biopsies is an important limiting factor for studying mitochondrial function. Recent findings suggest that bioenergetics profiling of circulating cells may inform on mitochondrial function in other tissues in lieu of biopsies. Thus, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial respiration in circulating cells [peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets] reflects that of skeletal muscle fibers derived from the same subjects. PBMCs, platelets, and skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) samples were obtained from 32 young (25-35 yr) women of varying body mass indexes. With the use of extracellular flux analysis and high-resolution respirometry, mitochondrial respiration was measured in intact blood cells as well as in permeabilized cells and permeabilized muscle fibers. Respiratory parameters were not correlated between permeabilized muscle fibers and intact PBMCs or platelets. In a subset of samples (n = 12-13) with permeabilized blood cells available, raw measures of substrate (pyruvate, malate, glutamate, and succinate)-driven respiration did not correlate between permeabilized muscle (per mg tissue) and permeabilized PBMCs (per 106 cells); however, complex I leak and oxidative phosphorylation coupling efficiency correlated between permeabilized platelets and muscle (Spearman's ρ = 0.64, P = 0.030; Spearman's ρ = 0.72, P = 0.010, respectively). Our data indicate that bioenergetics phenotypes in circulating cells cannot recapitulate muscle mitochondrial function. Select circulating cell bioenergetics phenotypes may possibly inform on overall metabolic health, but this postulate awaits validation in cohorts spanning a larger range of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eva C Diaz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Matthew Cotter
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sirish C Bennuri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gohar Azhar
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Richard E Frye
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Research Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sean H Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Mercer KE, Pack LM, Lou X, Thyfault J, Campbell C, Fiehn O, Chandler CJ, Burnett DJ, Souza EC, Casazza GA, Keim N, Newman JW, Hunter GR, Fernandez JR, Garvey WT, Harper M, Hoppel CL, Adams SH. Weight loss and fitness intervention increase markers of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis, while reducing serum total BA concentrations in sedentary, obese insulin resistant women. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.536.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockAR
- PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | | | - Xiangyang Lou
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockAR
- PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | | | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics CenterDavisCA
- Genome CenterDavisCA
| | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Keim
- USDA‐ARS Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCA
| | - John W Newman
- USDA‐ARS Western Human Nutrition Research CenterDavisCA
| | | | | | - W Timothy Garvey
- University of AlabamaBirminghamAL
- GRECC InvestigatorBirmingham VA Medical CenterBirminghamAL
| | | | | | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockAR
- PediatricsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
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Maurer A, Mercer KE, Adams SH, Thyfault J. Associations between Aerobic Capacity, Hepatic Bile Acid Synthesis and Fecal Bile Acid Concentration in Humans. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.699.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly E. Mercer
- University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockAR
| | - Sean H. Adams
- University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockAR
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Blackburn ML, Ono‐Moore KD, Hoppel CL, Ellis JM, Adams SH. Limited Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) in CPT2 Knockout Myocytes Associates with Insulin Resistance and Cell Stress: possible role of acylcarnitine lipotoxicity. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.701.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockAR
- University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
| | | | | | | | - Sean H. Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition CenterLittle RockAR
- University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR
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Zybailov BL, Glazko GV, Rahmatallah Y, Andreyev DS, McElroy T, Karaduta O, Byrum SD, Orr L, Tackett AJ, Mackintosh SG, Edmondson RD, Kieffer DA, Martin RJ, Adams SH, Vaziri ND, Arthur JM. Metaproteomics reveals potential mechanisms by which dietary resistant starch supplementation attenuates chronic kidney disease progression in rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0199274. [PMID: 30699108 PMCID: PMC6353070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant starch is a prebiotic metabolized by the gut bacteria. It has been shown to attenuate chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in rats. Previous studies employed taxonomic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics profiling. Here we expand these studies by metaproteomics, gaining new insight into the host-microbiome interaction. METHODS Differences between cecum contents in CKD rats fed a diet containing resistant starch with those fed a diet containing digestible starch were examined by comparative metaproteomics analysis. Taxonomic information was obtained using unique protein sequences. Our methodology results in quantitative data covering both host and bacterial proteins. RESULTS 5,834 proteins were quantified, with 947 proteins originating from the host organism. Taxonomic information derived from metaproteomics data surpassed previous 16S RNA analysis, and reached species resolutions for moderately abundant taxonomic groups. In particular, the Ruminococcaceae family becomes well resolved-with butyrate producers and amylolytic species such as R. bromii clearly visible and significantly higher while fibrolytic species such as R. flavefaciens are significantly lower with resistant starch feeding. The observed changes in protein patterns are consistent with fiber-associated improvement in CKD phenotype. Several known host CKD-associated proteins and biomarkers of impaired kidney function were significantly reduced with resistant starch supplementation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008845. CONCLUSIONS Metaproteomics analysis of cecum contents of CKD rats with and without resistant starch supplementation reveals changes within gut microbiota at unprecedented resolution, providing both functional and taxonomic information. Proteins and organisms differentially abundant with RS supplementation point toward a shift from mucin degraders to butyrate producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris L Zybailov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Galina V Glazko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Yasir Rahmatallah
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Dmitri S Andreyev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Oleg Karaduta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Stephanie D Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Lisa Orr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Alan J Tackett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Ricky D Edmondson
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Dorothy A Kieffer
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - R J Martin
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - John M Arthur
- Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
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Zhang J, Bhattacharyya S, Hickner RC, Light AR, Lambert CJ, Gale BK, Fiehn O, Adams SH. Skeletal muscle interstitial fluid metabolomics at rest and associated with an exercise bout: application in rats and humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E43-E53. [PMID: 30398905 PMCID: PMC6417688 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00156.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood or biopsies are often used to characterize metabolites that are modulated by exercising muscle. However, blood has inputs derived from multiple tissues, biopsies cannot discriminate between secreted and intracellular metabolites, and their invasive nature is challenging for frequent collections in sensitive populations (e.g., children and pregnant women). Thus, minimally invasive approaches to interstitial fluid (IF) metabolomics would be valuable. A catheter was designed to collect IF from the gastrocnemius muscle of acutely anesthetized adult male rats at rest or immediately following 20 min of exercise (~60% of maximal O2 uptake). Nontargeted, gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis was used to detect 299 metabolites, including nonannotated metabolites, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, and purine metabolites and derivatives. Just 43% of all detected metabolites were common to IF and blood plasma, and only 20% of exercise-modified metabolites were shared in both pools, highlighting that the blood does not fully reflect the metabolic outcomes in muscle. Notable exercise patterns included increased IF amino acids (except leucine and isoleucine), increased α-ketoglutarate and citrate (which may reflect tricarboxylic acid cataplerosis or shifts in nonmitochondrial pathways), and higher concentration of the signaling lipid oleamide. A preliminary study of human muscle IF was conducted using a 20-kDa microdialysis catheter placed in the vastus lateralis of five healthy adults at rest and during exercise (65% of estimated maximal heart rate). Approximately 70% of commonly detected metabolites discriminating rest vs. exercise in rats were also changed in exercising humans. Interstitium metabolomics may aid in the identification of molecules that signal muscle work (e.g., exertion and fatigue) and muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
| | - Alan R Light
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Bruce K Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Deoni SC, Adams SH, Li X, Badger TM, Pivik RT, Glasier CM, Ramakrishnaiah RH, Rowell AC, Ou X. Cesarean Delivery Impacts Infant Brain Development. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:169-177. [PMID: 30467219 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The cesarean delivery rate has increased globally in the past few decades. Neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with cesarean delivery are still unclear. This study investigated whether cesarean delivery has any effect on the brain development of offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 306 healthy children were studied retrospectively. We included 3 cohorts: 2-week-old neonates (cohort 1, n = 32/11 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) and 8-year-old children (cohort 2, n = 37/23 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) studied at Arkansas Children's Hospital, and a longitudinal cohort of 3-month to 5-year-old children (cohort 3, n = 164/39 for vaginal delivery/cesarean delivery) studied independently at Brown University. Diffusion tensor imaging, myelin water fraction imaging, voxel-based morphometry, and/or resting-state fMRI data were analyzed to evaluate white matter integrity, myelination, gray matter volume, and/or functional connectivity, respectively. RESULTS While not all MR imaging techniques were shared across the institutions/cohorts, post hoc analyses showed similar results of potential effects of cesarean delivery. The cesarean delivery group in cohort 1 showed significantly lower white matter development in widespread brain regions and significantly lower functional connectivity in the brain default mode network, controlled for a number of potential confounders. No group differences were found in cohort 2 in white matter integrity or gray matter volume. Cohort 3 had significantly different trajectories of white matter myelination between groups, with those born by cesarean delivery having reduced myelin in infancy but normalizing with age. CONCLUSIONS Cesarean delivery may influence infant brain development. The impact may be transient because similar effects were not observed in older children. Further prospective and longitudinal studies may be needed to confirm these novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Deoni
- School of Engineering (S.C.D.), Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - S H Adams
- From the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
- Pediatrics (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., C.M.G., X.O.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - X Li
- Departments of Radiology (X.L., C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.)
| | - T M Badger
- From the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
- Pediatrics (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., C.M.G., X.O.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - R T Pivik
- From the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
- Pediatrics (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., C.M.G., X.O.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - C M Glasier
- Departments of Radiology (X.L., C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.)
- Pediatrics (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., C.M.G., X.O.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - R H Ramakrishnaiah
- Departments of Radiology (X.L., C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.)
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - A C Rowell
- Departments of Radiology (X.L., C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.)
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - X Ou
- From the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
- Departments of Radiology (X.L., C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.)
- Pediatrics (S.H.A., T.M.B., R.T.P., C.M.G., X.O.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (C.M.G., R.H.R., A.C.R., X.O.), Little Rock, Arkansas
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Abstract
Based primarily on cell culture results, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are proposed to promote inflammation and contribute to metabolic dysfunction through Toll-like receptor activation. Studies are often complicated by a requirement for carriers (e.g., BSA) or solvents (e.g., ethanol) to increase SFA solubility. To ascertain whether these factors influence interpretations of SFA-associated inflammation activity, we measured responses of RAW264.7 monocyte/macrophages and C2C12 myotubes to various BSA, ethanol, and cyclodextrin (alternative FA carrier) conditions. Fatty acid-free, low-endotoxin BSA preparations (0.33% to 2% wt/vol) activated whereas 0.5-1.0% ethanol inhibited RAW264.7 TNFα release. Ethanol modestly increased IL-6 secretion in C2C12 myotubes. Cyclodextrins (0.3-6.0 mM) were tested as alternative carriers of palmitate, but their usefulness was limited due to toxicity and solubility issues. Using a lower-inflammation BSA source and no ethanol, ∼24-h sodium palmitate treatment (≤600 µM) failed to trigger RAW264.7 TNFα release and, in fact, significantly dampened BSA-induced inflammation by >50%. In C2C12 myotubes, only high palmitate concentrations (500-600 µM) elicited IL-6 secretion (>2.5-fold increase). Acute palmitate (200 or 500 µM) treatment did not activate MAP kinase pathways above that of fresh BSA-containing media alone in either cell type. These results highlight the importance of experimental conditions in studies exploring SFA inflammation effects. The limited (or even anti-inflammatory) effects of palmitate that we observed indicate that immunomodulatory effects of SFAs are context-specific. Thus, caution is needed when interpreting the literature related to putative proinflammatory effects of SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L Blackburn
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Piccolo BD, Graham JL, Stanhope KL, Nookaew I, Mercer KE, Chintapalli SV, Wankhade UD, Shankar K, Havel PJ, Adams SH. Diabetes-associated alterations in the cecal microbiome and metabolome are independent of diet or environment in the UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E961-E972. [PMID: 30016149 PMCID: PMC6293161 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00203.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome is altered in obesity and type 2 diabetes; however, it is not known whether these alterations are mediated by dietary factors or related to declines in metabolic health. To address this, cecal contents were collected from age-matched, chow-fed male University of California, Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats before the onset of diabetes (prediabetic PD; n = 15), 2 wk recently diabetic (RD; n = 10), 3 mo (D3M; n = 11), and 6 mo (D6M; n = 8) postonset of diabetes. Bacterial species and functional gene counts were assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing of bacterial DNA in cecal contents, while metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-quadrupole time-off-flight-mass spectrometry. Metagenomic analysis showed a shift from Firmicutes species in early stages of diabetes (PD + RD) toward an enrichment of Bacteroidetes species in later stages of diabetes (D3M + D6M). In total, 45 bacterial species discriminated early and late stages of diabetes with 25 of these belonging to either Bacteroides or Prevotella genera. Furthermore, 61 bacterial gene clusters discriminated early and later stages of diabetes with elevations of enzymes related to stress response (e.g., glutathione and glutaredoxin) and amino acid, carbohydrate, and bacterial cell wall metabolism. Twenty-five cecal metabolites discriminated early vs. late stages of diabetes, with the largest differences observed in abundances of dehydroabietic acid and phosphate. Alterations in the gut microbiota and cecal metabolome track diabetes progression in UCD-T2DM rats when controlling for diet, age, and housing environment. Results suggest that diabetes-specific host signals impact the ecology and end product metabolites of the gut microbiome when diet is held constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Piccolo
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - James L Graham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kelly E Mercer
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Science , Little Rock, Arkansas
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Chintapalli SV, Anishkin A, Adams SH. Exploring the entry route of palmitic acid and palmitoylcarnitine into myoglobin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 655:56-66. [PMID: 30092229 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myoglobin, besides its role in oxygen turnover, has gained recognition as a potential regulator of lipid metabolism. Previously, we confirmed the interaction of fatty acids and acylcarnitines with Oxy-Myoglobin, using both molecular dynamic simulations and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry studies. However, those studies were limited to testing only the binding sites derived from homology to fatty acid binding proteins and predictions using automated docking. To explore the entry mechanisms of the lipid ligands into myoglobin, we conducted molecular dynamic simulations of murine Oxy- and Deoxy-Mb structures with palmitate or palmitoylcarnitine starting at different positions near the protein surface. The simulations indicated that both ligands readily (under ∼10-20 ns) enter the Oxy-Mb structure through a dynamic area ("portal region") near heme, known to be the entry point for small molecule gaseous ligands like O2, CO and NO. The entry is not observed with Deoxy-Mb where lipid ligands move away from protein surface, due to a compaction of the entry portal and the heme-containing crevice in the Mb protein upon O2 removal. The results suggest quick spontaneous binding of lipids to Mb driven by hydrophobic interactions, strongly enhanced by oxygenation, and consistent with the emergent role of Mb in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sree V Chintapalli
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center -and- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center -and- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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Krishnan S, Adams SH, Allen LH, Laugero KD, Newman JW, Stephensen CB, Burnett DJ, Witbracht M, Welch LC, Que ES, Keim NL. A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:266-278. [PMID: 30101333 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend nutrient needs be met by increasing fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intake with the use of low-fat or fat-free dairy products and by reducing sodium, solid fats, and added sugars. However, the DGA, as a dietary pattern, have not been tested in an intervention trial. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a DGA-based diet compared with a representative typical American diet (TAD) on glucose homeostasis and fasting lipids in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic disease. Design A randomized, double-blind, controlled 8-wk intervention was conducted in overweight and obese women selected according to indexes of insulin resistance or dyslipidemia. Women were randomly assigned to the DGA or TAD group (n = 28 DGA and 24 TAD). The TAD diet was based on average adult intake from the NHANES 2009-2010. The DGA and TAD diets had respective Healthy Eating Index scores of 98 and 62. All foods and beverages were provided during the intervention. Oral-glucose tolerance and fasting lipids were evaluated at 0, 2, and 8 wk of the intervention. Insulin resistance and sensitivity were estimated with the use of surrogates (e.g., homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). Results By design, volunteers maintained their weight during the intervention. Fasting insulin, glucose, triglycerides, oral-glucose tolerance, and indexes of insulin resistance were not affected by either of the diets. Systolic blood pressure decreased in the DGA group (∼-9 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Total and HDL cholesterol also decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). Exploratory analysis comparing volunteers entering the study with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia with those with only dyslipidemia did not show an effect of pre-existing conditions on glucose tolerance or fasting lipid outcomes. Conclusions The consumption of a DGA dietary pattern for 8 wk without weight loss reduced systolic blood pressure. There were no differences between the DGA and TAD diets in fasting insulin, glucose, indexes of insulin resistance, or fasting lipids. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02298725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Krishnan
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kevin D Laugero
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - John W Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Dustin J Burnett
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Megan Witbracht
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Lucas C Welch
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Excel S Que
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Davis, CA.,Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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