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Thakur S, Kumar R, Asrani RK, Thakur M, Patel SK, Patil RD, Obaidullah AJ, Emran TB. Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect of Artemisia nilagirica leaf extract on E. coli challenged broiler chicken. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25709. [PMID: 38390080 PMCID: PMC10881339 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Artemisia nilagirica is an important medicinal plant found to exhibit several medicinal properties but the use of its leaves for combating E. coli infection has not been scientifically validated in poultry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of methanol leaf extract of A. nilagirica (ANE) on E. coli challenged broiler chickens. Three hundred and thirty, day-old broiler chickens, were divided into 6 groups of 55 each, with group EX infected intraperitoneally (I/P) with LD50 dose of 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli; group(s) EA1, EA2 and EA3 infected I/P with 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli and supplemented with ANE @ 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/L of drinking water, respectively; group AX were only given ANE @ 2.0 g/L in the drinking water. ANE treatment was started from day 4 and was continuously given in the drinking water up to day 21. E. coli infection was given to the birds on day 7 of their age. The effect of the plant extract was evaluated on the basis of gross, microscopic and ultrastructural alterations in E. coli challenged broiler chickens. The extract of A. nilagirica was found to show antibacterial, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties in a dose-dependent manner on the basis of gross and microscopic examination. The methanol extract of A. nilagirica leaves revealed no toxic effect on the hepatocytes on ultrastructural evaluation. This study demonstrates the antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities of ANE in broiler chickens infected with E. coli organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - R K Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, 177001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, 486001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Damu Patil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ahmad J Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Patel SM, Sahoo M, Thakor JC, Murali D, Kumar P, Singh R, Singh KP, Saikumar G, Jana C, Patel SK, Mote AB, Karthikeyan R, Vandre RK, Biswal JK, Sahoo NR. Pathomolecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates from slaughtered pigs in India. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae002. [PMID: 38178631 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the prevalence, pathology, and characterization of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) in slaughtered pigs of India. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected 1254 morbid tissues (lungs-627 and spleen-627) and 627 heart-blood from 627 slaughtered pigs. The bacterial isolation, antibiogram, virulence gene profiling, and mouse pathogenicity testing were performed for the detection and characterization of SDSE. A total of 177 isolates (heart-blood-160 and tissues-17) were recovered from 627 slaughtered pigs with higher isolation rate in heart-blood (25.51%). The prevalence of SDSE was 11% in morbid tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Majority of isolates showed higher detection of streptolysin O, followed by streptokinase and extracellular phospholipase A virulence genes with higher degree of resistance to azithromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and penicillin antibiotics. Mouse pathogenicity testing confirmed virulence based on histopathological lesions and re-isolation of SDSE. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the high prevalence of SDSE in slaughtered pigs. The presence of virulence genes and mouse pathogenicity testing confirm their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar M Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Jigarji Chaturji Thakor
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Dinesh Murali
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar 751030, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Chandrakanta Jana
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa 486001, India
| | - Akash B Mote
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Ravichandran Karthikeyan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Vandre
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Biswal
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease (NIFMD), Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
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Agrawal A, Varshney R, Gattani A, Hira Khan M, Gupta R, Solanki KS, Patel SK, Singh RP, Singh P. Development of Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Homologous Peptides as Novel Promising Therapeutic Agents Against Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus. Protein J 2023; 42:685-697. [PMID: 37421558 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The lack of specific antiviral therapy and complications associated with the existing peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccines accentuates the search of novel antiviral blocking agents in order to curtail the PPR infection at initial level. The synthetic hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) homologous peptides may compete with the natural HN protein of PPR virus for binding to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) receptor, consequently, may disrupt peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) at entry level. Therefore, insilico analysis, synthesis, purification and subsequent characterization of HN homologous peptides were conducted in this study. The HN homologous peptides were synthesized by means of solid phase chemistry and were purified by reversed-phase-high performance liquid chromatography. The mass as well as sequence of HN homologous peptides were assessed by mass spectroscopy while its secondary structure was elucidated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The binding (interaction) efficacy of HN homologous peptides with PPRV antibodies was assessed via indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, visual detection test (red wine to purple), bathochromic shift under UV-Vis spectrophotometry and lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test. The antiviral properties and cytotoxicity of these peptides were also assessed in B95a cell line with changes in cytopathic effect and titer of PPRV (Sungri/96). The presence of green fluorescein isothiocyanate over the B95a cell surface pointed towards the binding of HN homologous peptides with surface SLAM receptor. Moreover, the intact beta sheet configuration in water and lower cytotoxicity [cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) > 1000 µg/ml] of these peptides signifies its in vivo use. Among HN homologous peptides, the binding efficacy and antiviral properties of pep A was relatively high in comparison to pep B and Pep ppr peptides. The prerequisite concentration of HN homologous peptides (pep A = 12.5 µg/ml; pep B = 25 µg/ml; pep ppr = 25 µg/ml) to exemplify its antiviral effect was much lower than its CC50 level. Hence, this study signifies the therapeutic potential of synthetic HN homologous peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India.
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry, NDVSU, Rewa, Jabalpur, 486001, India.
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, BHU, Mirzapur, U.P., 231001, India
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Anil Gattani
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, 486001, India
| | - Mahvash Hira Khan
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, 486001, India
| | - Rohini Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, 486001, India
| | - Khushal Singh Solanki
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry, NDVSU, Rewa, Jabalpur, 486001, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
| | - Praveen Singh
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
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Rana J, Patel SK, Agrawal A, Channabasappa NK, Niranjan AK, Chandra Das B, Pandey MK, Tiwari SP, Gaihre M. Mpox vaccination in global perspective: priorities and challenges. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:2243-2246. [PMID: 37228971 PMCID: PMC10205209 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
After the global panic created by COVID-19, the monkeypox (Mpox) virus emerged as a new challenge for the world population. As of 19 January 2023, a total of 84,733 cases across 110 countries/territories including 80 deaths has been reported. The virus has been transmitted to nonendemic countries in a short span of 6 months warranting WHO to declare Mpox, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 23 July 2022. As the Mpox virus is crossing geographical boundaries without established transmission patterns, there is an urgent need for new scientific strategies from global researchers to contain it before turning into the next pandemic. The control of Mpox outbreaks primarily relies on various public health measures such as proper surveillance, contact tracing, rapid diagnosis, isolation and care of patients, and vaccination. At present, there are three vaccines viz. ACAM2000, MVABN, and LC16 are in consideration and have been approved in several jurisdictions for ongoing Mpox outbreak. Prioritization of individuals along with the production of specific Mpox vaccine is need of the hour to meet out the global demand of Mpox vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Bhabesh Chandra Das
- Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa
| | - Megha K. Pandey
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal
| | - Sita Prasad Tiwari
- Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Milan Gaihre
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Chitwan, Nepal
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Agrawal A, Patel SK, Niranjan AK, Varshney R, Channabasappa NK, Emran TB. Queued viral emergence and risk of global exposure: Langya virus. International Journal of Surgery: Global Health 2023; 6:e134-e134. [DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Agrawal A, Rana J, Patel SK, Channabasappa NK, Niranjan AK, Emran TB. Melting of permafrost: rise of Zombies. International Journal of Surgery: Global Health 2023; 6:e133-e133. [DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Niranjan AK, Patel SK, K.C. N, Rana J, Agrawal A, Kumar R, Pandey MK, Tiwari SP, Singh DR. Resurgence of cholera in the COVID-19 Era: Global health concern commentary. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:1321-1322. [PMID: 37113939 PMCID: PMC10129175 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Patel SK, Rana J, Agrawal A, Channabasappa NK, Niranjan AK, Bin Emran T. Mpox and need of better diagnostics – correspondence. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:1323-1324. [PMID: 37113845 PMCID: PMC10129087 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Kumar R, Patel SK, Rana J, Bin Emran T. Tomato flu: need to look beyond the frame. International Journal of Surgery: Global Health 2023; 6:e132-e132. [DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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K. C. N, Patel SK, Singh DR, Niranjan AK, Rana J, Agrawal A, Govil K, Pandey MK, Tiwari SP. Vitamin D in therapy and management: Armor against COVID-19 Correspondence. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:1319-1320. [PMID: 37113850 PMCID: PMC10129200 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Patel SK, Sharma K, Agrawal A, K C N, Niranjan AK, Pandey MK, Arya N, M M, Rana J, Tiwari SP. Viral spillover to humans: could Langya (LayV) virus cause a pandemic? QJM 2022; 116:332-334. [PMID: 36534912 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades have been witnessing clusters of zoonotic diseases. Human beings at the peak of evolution should not be empowered to alter the environmental homeostasis. Primitive organisms are more rooted to mutate and adapt as per the need or turmoil. Once humans come in the vicinity of these organisms normally residing in their native niche, nature has to pay the cost. Disease outbreaks mostly caused due to unnecessary anthropogenic activities. The threat is that the repercussions are taken for granted or hided wreaking havoc in developing and developed economies leading to an outbreak, an epidemic or a pandemic. The worst influenza outbreak in the world was the 1918 flu that killed nearly 50 million people around the world and modern strains still have an annual death toll in thousands, so the flu is no trifling matter even in a world still facing SARS-CoV-2. Recently, researchers estimated the expected yearly cost of pandemic influenza at roughly $500 billion (0.6 percent of global income), including both lost income and the intrinsic cost of elevated mortality.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India
| | - Kashmi Sharma
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, M.P., India
| | - Aditya Agrawal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India
| | - Nikhil K C
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India
| | - Ankush Kiran Niranjan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, M.P., India
| | - Megha Katare Pandey
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, M.P., India
| | - Neha Arya
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, M.P., India
| | - Murali M
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, M.P., India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, U.P., India
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Sahoo M, Pathak M, Patel SK, Saikumar G, Upmanyu V, Thakor JC, Kumar P, Singh R, Singh K, Sahoo NR. Pathomorphology, immunohistochemical, and molecular detection of an atypical porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) due to PCV-2d-2 in naturally affected grower pigs of India. Microb Pathog 2022; 171:105738. [PMID: 36038085 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is of great economic significance to porcine industry worldwide. PCV-2 variants and genotypes, alternating world over, are the etiological agent of several clinical syndromes such as porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and others in pigs. This study is reporting an atypical manifestation of PDNS in twelve grower pigs, 3- to - 4.5 months age and either sex, died of the disease, with predominant lesions of nephropathy and no obvious clinical lesions in skin. Necropsy examination of pigs showed lesions of petechial -to- ecchymotic hemorrhages in the kidneys and in the right auricular musculature of the hearts. Microscopic lesions in H & E sections of the kidneys showed acute glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and vasculitis, but the skin morphology and architecture remained unaltered in contrast to the pathognomonic lesions of PDNS described in the literature. Other syndromic associations of PDNS in these cases included-perimyocarditis, interstitial pneumonia, depleted lymphoid tissues, tonsillitis, enteritis, and meningo-encephalitis. The lesional sites in duplicate paraffin tissue sections of kidneys, heart, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, intestine, and brain demonstrated PCV-2 antigen in the cytoplasm of cells as highlighted by the intense immunolabeling on IHC staining. The PCV-2 positive organs reconfirmed by PCR, targeting ORF2 gene, which yielded 481bp size of products. The sequencing results of 481bp products on phylogenetic analysis showed 94% similarity with that of PCV-2 sequences in the database that grouped into PCV2d-2 genotype. The present report confirms, probably for the first time, the atypical PDNS cases due to PCV2d-2 genotype in naturally affected grower pigs of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India.
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India.
| | - Vikramaditya Upmanyu
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India; Veterinary Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Siksha "O" Anusandhan, Ghatikia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Karampal Singh
- ICAR-CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan Sahoo
- ICAR-DFMD-International Centre for Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Patel SK, Agrawal A, Pathak M, Singh A, Varshney R, Rana J, Saikumar G. Detection of porcine enteric picornaviruses from faecal samples of Indian pigs. Virusdisease 2022; 33:102-107. [PMID: 35493750 PMCID: PMC9005585 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine enteric picornaviruses often consequence diarrhoea and nervous complications in pig and pose enormous loss to pig farming. The present study expands the limited Indian data of porcine enteric picornaviruses which is needed for the early implementation of control measures and to check further outbreaks. A total of 398 porcine faecal samples from Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand state of India were screened for porcine teschovirus (PTV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV) and enterovirus G (EV-G) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 5'UTR-specific primers. The prevalence of PTV, PSV and EV-G was found to be 12.81% (51/398), 5.77% (23/398) and 24.37% (97/398), respectively. EV-G was relatively higher in circulation in Indian pigs among all the included enteric picornaviruses. Conversely, the concurrent infection of more than one enteric picornavirus was also frequent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-022-00756-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Alok Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, U.P India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur, U.P India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, U.P 243122 India
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Agrawal A, Varshney R, Pathak M, Patel SK, Rai V, Sulabh S, Gupta R, Solanki KS, Varshney R, Nimmanapalli R. Exploration of antigenic determinants in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2 and identification of five salient potential epitopes. Virusdisease 2021; 32:774-783. [PMID: 34514073 PMCID: PMC8422955 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging pathogens have been an eternal threat to mankind. In a series of pandemics caused by notorious coronaviruses, a newly emerged SARS-CoV2 virus is creating panic among the world population. The unavailability of reliable theranostics insists the exploration of antigenic determinants in spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV2. The four novel inserts ('70VSGTNGT76', '150KSWM153', 247SYLTPG252 and 674QTQTNSPRR682) in SARS-CoV2 spike protein were unraveled via multiple sequence alignment of spike proteins of SARS-CoV2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. The three-dimension (3D) modeling of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV2 and their interaction with the ACE2 receptor was delineated with the help of SWISS-MODEL and 3DLigandSite web servers. The predicted 3D model of SARS-CoV2 was further verified by SAVES, RAMPAGE, and ProSA-web tools. The potential B-cell immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV2 were predicted out by using various software viz. IEDB B-cell epitopes prediction tool, BepiPred linear epitope prediction tool, Emini Surface Accessibility Prediction tool, and Kolaskar-Tongaonkar antigenicity web tool. The five epitopes (i.e. '71SGTNGTKRFDN81, 247SYLTPG252, 634RVYST638, 675QTQTNSPRRARSV687, and 1054QSAPH1058) were selected as potent antigenic determinants. The quantum of information generated by this study will prove beneficial for the development of effective therapeutics, diagnostics, and multi-epitopic vaccines to combat this ongoing menace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Agrawal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh 231001 India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Vishal Rai
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Sourabh Sulabh
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal 713340 India
| | - Rohini Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh 482001 India
| | - Khushal Singh Solanki
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122 India
| | - Ritu Varshney
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Ramadevi Nimmanapalli
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh 231001 India
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15
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Hamilton G, Patel SK, Azraai M, Burrell LM. No dynamic changes in plasma ACE2 activity in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is expressed in the human myocardium and blood vessels and degrades the vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin (Ang) II. Plasma ACE2 activity is elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in obstructive coronary artery disease. However, it is unknown whether acute coronary syndrome (ACS) causes dynamic changes in plasma ACE2 activity.
Purpose
We investigated dynamic changes in serial troponin-T and plasma ACE2 activity in patients presenting with ACS who underwent invasive coronary angiography (ICA).
Methods
Consecutive patients admitted with ACS from October-November 2019 were screened. Those meeting the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction who had both ICA and serial troponin-T testing were included. The study was approved by the hospitals Human Research Ethics Committee. All patients had routine plasma samples taken over 3 time-points for measurement of troponin-T; the same sample was used to measure plasma ACE2 activity. Catalytic ACE2 activity was measured using a validated, sensitive quenched fluorescent substrate-based assay. Serial median troponin and ACE2 activity levels were analysed using the Friedman test for repeated measures.
Results
Forty-nine patients were included. The mean age of participants was 63.9±11.0 years, and 36 (74%) patients were male. Overall, 16 (36%) patients presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 29 (74%) with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Twenty-nine (59%) patients had a history of hypertension and 14 (29%) a history of ischaemic heart disease; 13 (27%) with priorMI, 11 (22%) had previous PCI and 2 (4%) had prior coronary artery bypass grafting. Over the 3 time points, there was a clear rise in median troponin-T levels representing myocardial injury (p<0.001), with no change in median plasma ACE2 activity (p=0.23, table 1). There was no difference in median ACE2 activity in those presenting with STEMI vs. NSTEMI (6.9 [2.1–9.5] vs. 6.0 [1.8–12.1], p=0.87), nor in those who underwent PCI to a culprit lesion compared to those who did not have a culprit lesion stented (5.8 [0.9–10.5] vs. 7.3 [2.8–14.9], p=0.37).
Conclusions
Patients with ACS had higher plasma ACE2 levels compared to levels previously reported in healthy controls. There were no dynamic changes in ACE2 activity in the setting of ACS, despite a significant rise in troponin-T. These results suggest that plasma ACE2 levels reflect underlying endothelial dysfunction rather than acute myocardial injury or infarction. Studies are now underway to assess if plasma ACE2 activity in ACS predicts MACE.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Table 1
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hamilton
- Austin Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S K Patel
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Azraai
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L M Burrell
- Austin Hospital, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Kumar R, Yeni CM, Utami NA, Masand R, Asrani RK, Patel SK, Kumar A, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Vora KS, Nainu F, Bilal M, Dhawan M, Emran TB, Ahmad T, Harapan H, Dhama K. SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions: Concerns, challenges, management and mitigation strategies-a narrative review. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:863-875. [PMID: 34118736 PMCID: PMC8062420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health problem. The SARS-CoV-2 triggers hyper-activation of inflammatory and immune responses resulting in cytokine storm and increased inflammatory responses on several organs like lungs, kidneys, intestine, and placenta. Although SARS-CoV-2 affects individuals of all age groups and physiological statuses, immune-compromised individuals such as pregnant women are considered as a highly vulnerable group. This review aims to raise the concerns of high risk of infection, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in pregnant women and provides critical reviews of pathophysiology and pathobiology of how SARS-CoV-2 infection potentially increases the severity and fatality during pregnancy. This article also provides a discussion of current evidence on vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Lastly, guidelines on management, treatment, preventive, and mitigation strategies of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and pregnancy-related conditions such as delivery and breastfeeding are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Cut Meurah Yeni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia.
| | - Niken Asri Utami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia.
| | - Rupali Masand
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, 122001, India.
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India.
| | - Kranti Suresh Vora
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India; Institute of Health Research, University of Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia.
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India; The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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17
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Kumar R, Masand R, Rana J, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Sharun K, Mohapatra RK, Natesan S, Dhawan M, Ahmad T, Emran TB, Malik YS, Harapan H. The role of disinfectants and sanitizers during COVID-19 pandemic: advantages and deleterious effects on humans and the environment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:34211-34228. [PMID: 33991301 PMCID: PMC8122186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Disinfectants and sanitizers are essential preventive agents against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, the pandemic crisis was marred by undue hype, which led to the indiscriminate use of disinfectants and sanitizers. Despite demonstrating a beneficial role in the control and prevention of COVID-19, there are crucial concerns regarding the large-scale use of disinfectants and sanitizers, including the side effects on human and animal health along with harmful impacts exerted on the environment and ecological balance. This article discusses the roles of disinfectants and sanitizers in the control and prevention of the current pandemic and highlights updated disinfection techniques against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article provides evidence of the deleterious effects of disinfectants and sanitizers exerted on humans, animals, and the environment as well as suggests mitigation strategies to reduce these effects. Additionally, potential technologies and approaches for the reduction of these effects and the development of safe, affordable, and effective disinfectants are discussed, particularly, eco-friendly technologies using nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Rupali Masand
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176062, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajeev Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, Odisha, 758002, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India
| | - Manish Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
- The Trafford Group of Colleges, Manchester, WA14 5PQ, UK
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia.
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18
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Sharun K, Dhama K, Tiwari R, Gugjoo MB, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Pathak M, Karthik K, Khurana SK, Singh R, Puvvala B, Amarpal, Singh R, Singh KP, Chaicumpa W. Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:107-136. [PMID: 33509059 PMCID: PMC7906113 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1882713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Khurana SK, Sehrawat A, Tiwari R, Prasad M, Gulati B, Shabbir MZ, Chhabra R, Karthik K, Patel SK, Pathak M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Gupta VK, Dhama K, Sah R, Chaicumpa W. Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:61-88. [PMID: 33353489 PMCID: PMC7833053 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1868616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of great animal welfare and economic implications worldwide known since ancient times. The emergence of brucellosis in new areas as well as transmission of brucellosis from wild and domestic animals is of great significance in terms of new epidemiological dimensions. Brucellosis poses a major public health threat by the consumption of non-pasteurized milk and milk products produced by unhygienic dairy farms in endemic areas. Regular and meticulous surveillance is essentially required to determine the true picture of brucellosis especially in areas with continuous high prevalence. Additionally, international migration of humans, animals and trade of animal products has created a challenge for disease spread and diagnosis in non-endemic areas. Isolation and identification remain the gold standard test, which requires expertise. The advancement in diagnostic strategies coupled with screening of newly introduced animals is warranted to control the disease. Of note, the diagnostic value of miRNAs for appropriate detection of B. abortus infection has been shown. The most widely used vaccine strains to protect against Brucella infection and related abortions in cattle are strain 19 and RB51. Moreover, it is very important to note that no vaccine, which is highly protective, safe and effective is available either for bovines or human beings. Research results encourage the use of bacteriophage lysates in treatment of bovine brucellosis. One Health approach can aid in control of this disease, both in animals and man.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anju Sehrawat
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Baldev Gulati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Equine, Hisar, India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Chhabra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Dilawari A, Rentscher KE, Zhai W, Zhou X, Ahles TA, Ahn J, Bethea TN, Carroll JE, Cohen HJ, Graham DA, Jim H, McDonald B, Nakamura ZM, Patel SK, Root JC, Small BJ, Saykin AJ, Tometich D, Van Dyk K, Mandelblatt JS. Medical Care Disruptions During the First Six-Months of the COVID19 Pandemic: The Experience of Older Breast Cancer Survivors. Res Sq 2021. [PMID: 33880464 PMCID: PMC8057243 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-416077/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Older cancer survivors required medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic despite infection risks, but there are limited data on medical care in this age group. Methods. We evaluated care disruptions in a longitudinal cohort of non-metastatic breast cancer survivors ages 60–98 from five US regions (n=321). Survivors completed a web-based or telephone survey from May 27, 2020 to September 11, 2020. Care disruptions included self-reported interruptions in ability to see doctors, receive treatment or supportive therapies, or fill prescriptions. Logistic regression models evaluated bivariate and multivariate associations between care disruptions and education, medical, psychosocial and COVID-19-related factors. Multivariate models included age, county COVID-19 rates, comorbidity and post-diagnosis time. Results. There was a high response rate (n=262, 81.6%). Survivors were 32.2 months post-diagnosis (SD 17.5, range 4–73). Nearly half (48%) reported a medical disruption. The unadjusted odds of care disruptions were significantly higher with more education (OR 1.23 per one-year increase, 95% CI 1.09–1.39, p =0.001) and greater depression (OR 1.04 per one-point increase in CES-D score, CI 1.003–1.08, p=0.033); tangible support decreased the odds of disruptions (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–0.99 per one-point increase, p=0.012). There was a trend for associations between disruptions and comorbidity (unadjusted OR 1.13 per 1 added comorbidity, 95% CI 0.99–1.29, p=0.07). Adjusting for covariates, only higher education (p=0.001) and tangible social support (p=0.006) remained significantly associated with having care disruptions. Conclusions. Older breast cancer survivors reported high rates of medical care disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic and psychosocial factors were associated with care disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dilawari
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - K E Rentscher
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - W Zhai
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - X Zhou
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.,Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - T A Ahles
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J Ahn
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - T N Bethea
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - J E Carroll
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - H J Cohen
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - D A Graham
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ
| | - Hsl Jim
- Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - B McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine and Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Z M Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - S K Patel
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J C Root
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - B J Small
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - A J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine and Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - K Van Dyk
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - J S Mandelblatt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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21
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Sharma GT, Chandra V, Mankuzhy P, Thirupathi Y, Swain DK, Pillai H, Patel SK, Pathak M, Guttula S. Physiological implications of COVID-19 in reproduction: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 a key player. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:381-391. [PMID: 33731252 DOI: 10.1071/rd20274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in China, and it has quickly become a global threat to public health due to its rapid rate of transmission and fatalities. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as a receptor that mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells, as in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Several studies have reported that ACE2 expression is higher in Leydig, Sertoli and seminiferous ductal cells of males, as well as in ovarian follicle cells of females, suggesting possible potential pathogenicity of the coronavirus in the reproductive system. Higher ACE2 expression in the human placenta and reports of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among clinical cases have increased the relevance of further studies in this area. This review focuses on the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 receptor and speculates on the mechanistic interplay in association with male and female reproductive physiology. In addition, based on the available literature, we discuss the alleged sex differences in terms of the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, which is claimed greater among males, and further explore the physiological role of ACE2 and 17β-oestradiol for the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Taru Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India; and Corresponding author.
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Department of Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Pratheesh Mankuzhy
- Department of Physiology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Lakkidi, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Yasotha Thirupathi
- Department of Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Swain
- Department of Physiology, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, Uttarpradesh, India
| | | | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Department of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
| | - SaiKumar Guttula
- Department of Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttarpradesh, India
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22
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Sharun K, Dhama J, Natesan S, Malik YS, Singh KP, Harapan H. SARS-CoV-2 existence in sewage and wastewater: A global public health concern? J Environ Manage 2021; 280:111825. [PMID: 33360553 PMCID: PMC7728433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe and affected millions of individuals as of the efficient virus transmission potential mediated via multiple virus shedding routes. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the stool samples and its prolonged shedding in environmental compartments like sewage and wastewater signifies a potential threat adding to the transmission cycle of this novel virus. The potential role played by the asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in transmitting the disease via the fecal-oral route is now under investigation. Hence, in the present scenario, wastewater-based epidemiology, and sewage surveillance may provide valuable insights into the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among the human population and could serve as a sensitive surveillance system and a crucial early warning tool. Further studies are required to determine the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment, transmissibility through wastewater, and the potential to infect humans via the fecal-oral route. Appropriate frameworks with regards to evaluation and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 will help implement appropriate intervention strategies and necessary sanitation practices to ensure virus free clean water supply to have a check on the further spread of this pandemic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382042, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India; College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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23
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Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Sah R, Alqumber MA, Haque S, Patel SK, Pathak M, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Haq AU, Bilal M, Dhama K, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. MERS-CoV: epidemiology, molecular dynamics, therapeutics, and future challenges. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:8. [PMID: 33461573 PMCID: PMC7812981 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has gained research attention worldwide, given the current pandemic. Nevertheless, a previous zoonotic and highly pathogenic coronavirus, the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is still causing concern, especially in Saudi Arabia and neighbour countries. The MERS-CoV has been reported from respiratory samples in more than 27 countries, and around 2500 cases have been reported with an approximate fatality rate of 35%. After its emergence in 2012 intermittent, sporadic cases, nosocomial infections and many community clusters of MERS continued to occur in many countries. Human-to-human transmission resulted in the large outbreaks in Saudi Arabia. The inherent genetic variability among various clads of the MERS-CoV might have probably paved the events of cross-species transmission along with changes in the inter-species and intra-species tropism. The current review is drafted using an extensive review of literature on various databases, selecting of publications irrespective of favouring or opposing, assessing the merit of study, the abstraction of data and analysing data. The genome of MERS-CoV contains around thirty thousand nucleotides having seven predicted open reading frames. Spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the four main structural proteins. The surface located spike protein (S) of betacoronaviruses has been established to be one of the significant factors in their zoonotic transmission through virus-receptor recognition mediation and subsequent initiation of viral infection. Three regions in Saudi Arabia (KSA), Eastern Province, Riyadh and Makkah were affected severely. The epidemic progression had been the highest in 2014 in Makkah and Riyadh and Eastern Province in 2013. With a lurking epidemic scare, there is a crucial need for effective therapeutic and immunological remedies constructed on sound molecular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mohammed A Alqumber
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Abrar Ul Haq
- Division of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Shuhama, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia. .,Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. .,School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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24
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Natesan S, Vora KS, Iqbal Yatoo M, Tiwari R, Saxena SK, Singh KP, Singh R, Malik YS. COVID-19 in the elderly people and advances in vaccination approaches. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2938-2943. [PMID: 33270497 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1842683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid worldwide spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in tens of millions of infections and over one million deaths. SARS-CoV-2 infection affects all age groups; however, those over 60 years old are affected more severely. Moreover, pre-existing co-morbidities result in higher COVID-19-associated mortality in the geriatric population. This article highlights the associated risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in older people and progress in developing COVID-19 vaccines, especially for efficient vaccination of the older population. There is also a summary of immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic approaches to ameliorate the outcome of COVID-19 in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar , Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kranti Suresh Vora
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar , Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India.,Health Research Institut, University of Canberra, ACT , Australia
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura, India
| | - Shailendra K Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU) , Lucknow, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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25
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Iqbal Yatoo M, Hamid Z, Parray OR, Wani AH, Ul Haq A, Saxena A, Patel SK, Pathak M, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Sah R, Rabaan AA, Rodriguez Morales AJ, Dhama K. COVID-19 - Recent advancements in identifying novel vaccine candidates and current status of upcoming SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2891-2904. [PMID: 32703064 PMCID: PMC8641591 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1788310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly. To date, countries have relied on the prevention of the disease through isolation, quarantine, and clinical care of affected individuals. However, studies on the roles of asymptomatic and mildly infected subjects in disease transmission, use of antiviral drugs, and vaccination of the general population will be very important for mitigating the effects of the eventual return of this pandemic. Initial investigations are ongoing to evaluate antigenic structures of SARS-CoV-2 and the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. There also is a need to comprehensively compile the details of previous studies on SARS-related vaccines that can be extrapolated to identify potent vaccine targets for developing COVID-19 vaccines. This review aims to analyze previous studies, current status, and future possibilities for producing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Zeenat Hamid
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Oveas Rafiq Parray
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Aasim Habib Wani
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Abrar Ul Haq
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Archana Saxena
- Division of Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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26
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Malik YS, Ansari MI, Ganesh B, Sircar S, Bhat S, Pande T, Vinodhkumar OR, Kumar P, Iqbal Yatoo M, Tiwari R, Touil N, Patel SK, Pathak M, Sharun K, Dhama K. BCG vaccine: a hope to control COVID-19 pandemic amid crisis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2954-2962. [PMID: 32991235 PMCID: PMC7544963 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1818522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 has gripped essentially all countries in the world, and has infected millions and killed hundreds of thousands of people. Several innovative approaches are in development to restrain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In particular, BCG, a vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), is being considered as an alternative therapeutic modality. BCG vaccine is known to induce both humoral and adaptive immunities, thereby activating both nonspecific and cross-reactive immune responses in the host, which combined could effectively resist other pathogens including SARS-CoV-2. Notably, some studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, case positivity, and mortality rate have been higher in countries that have not adopted BCG vaccination than in countries that have done so. This review presents an overview of the concepts underlying BCG vaccination and its nonspecific immuological effects and protection, resulting in 'trained immunity' and potential utility for resisting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Ikram Ansari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Laboratory Division, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Ayapakkam, Chennai-Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudipta Bhat
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tripti Pande
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - OR Vinodhkumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, J-3 Block, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Nadia Touil
- Laboratoire De Recherche Et De Biosécurité, Hôpital Militaire D’instruction Med V De, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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27
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Dhama K, Natesan S, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Tiwari R, Saxena SK, Harapan H. Plant-based vaccines and antibodies to combat COVID-19: current status and prospects. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2913-2920. [PMID: 33270484 PMCID: PMC7754927 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1842034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, researchers are undertaking significant efforts to design and develop effective vaccines, therapeutics, and antiviral drugs to curb the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Plants have been used for the production of vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulatory proteins, drugs, and pharmaceuticals via molecular farming/transient expression system and are considered as bioreactors or factories for their bulk production. These biological products are stable, safe, effective, easily available, and affordable. Plant molecular farming could facilitate rapid production of biologics on an industrial scale, and has the potential to fulfill emergency demands, such as in the present situation of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to describe the methodology and basics of plant biopharming, in addition to its prospective applications for developing effective vaccines and antibodies to counter COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Ganghinagar, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Shailendra K Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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28
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Kumar R, Rana J, Yatoo MI, Kumar A, Tiwari R, Dhama J, Natesan S, Singh R, Harapan H. Geriatric Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Problems, Considerations, Exigencies, and Beyond. Front Public Health 2020; 8:574198. [PMID: 33072713 PMCID: PMC7536316 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.574198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic wreaked havoc worldwide, with more than 20 million confirmed cases and nearly 0. 75 million deaths as of 10th August 2020. Various factors determine the severity and symptoms of this infection. Older age and underlying diseases are the challenges being faced in controlling and treating COVID-19. In 2019, 703 million of the global population was older than 65 years of age. The estimated mortality due to COVID-19 in people older than 76 years of age is reportedly 18%. Frequent infections in older people, higher disease severity, and increased mortality are major challenges in the implementation of appropriate preventive measures and future strategies to protect against this disease in geriatric population. Poor health status, weak immune function, lowered organ function, increased probability of multiple underlying diseases, and poor attention to personal health can increase the susceptibility to various diseases in the geriatric population. Concerning inadequate immunity, the decrease expression of receptors and exaggerated pathophysiologic responses can be debilitating. However, future studies will reveal the hidden facets in these aspects in this COVID-19 catastrophe. In this article, we reviewed the main concerns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the geriatric population, including the risk of acquiring severe COVID-19 resulting in mortality, variation in clinical manifestations, and other pandemic-related concerns. We also discussed the need for increasing attention toward the elderly, taking appropriate prevention and control measures, and considering geriatric-related adjustments in vaccine design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | | | | | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Sharun K, Tiwari R, Patel SK, Karthik K, Iqbal Yatoo M, Malik YS, Singh KP, Panwar PK, Harapan H, Singh RK, Dhama K. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in domestic animals and wildlife: advances and prospects in the development of animal models for vaccine and therapeutic research. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:3043-3054. [PMID: 32915100 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1807802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is suspected to have been first contracted via animal-human interactions; it has further spread across the world by efficient human-to-human transmission. Recent reports of COVID-19 in companion animals (dogs and cats) and wild carnivores such as tigers have created a dilemma regarding its zoonotic transmission. Although in silico docking studies, sequence-based computational studies, and experimental studies have shown the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in cats, ferrets, and other domestic/wild animals, the results are not conclusive of infection under natural conditions. Identifying the potential host range of SARS-CoV-2 will not only help prevent the possibility of human-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission but also assist in identifying efficient animal models that can mimic the clinical symptoms, transmission potential, and pathogenesis of the disease. Such an efficient animal model will accelerate the process of development and evaluation of vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and other remedies for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College Of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir , Srinagar, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India
| | - Parmod Kumar Panwar
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Directorate of Animal Husbandry , Lucknow, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala , Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine , Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala , Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly, India
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30
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Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Sah R, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Patel SK, Pathak M, Malik YS, Dhama K, Singh KP, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Haque S, Martinez-Pulgarin DF, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Leblebicioglu H. SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and advances in developing potential therapeutics and vaccines to counter this emerging pandemic. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2020; 19:40. [PMID: 32878641 PMCID: PMC7464065 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-020-00384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing an emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which has taken a catastrophic turn with high toll rates in China and subsequently spreading across the globe. The rapid spread of this virus to more than 210 countries while affecting more than 25 million people and causing more than 843,000 human deaths, it has resulted in a pandemic situation in the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, all of which originated in bats. It is highly contagious, causing symptoms like fever, dyspnea, asthenia and pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, and the severely infected patients succumb to the disease. Coronaviruses (CoVs) among all known RNA viruses have the largest genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kb in length. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the molecular basis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and evolution, develop effective therapeutics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines, and to design rapid and confirmatory viral diagnostics as well as adopt appropriate prevention and control strategies. To date, August 30, 2020, no effective, proven therapeutic antibodies or specific drugs, and vaccines have turned up. In this review article, we describe the underlying molecular organization and phylogenetic analysis of the coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, and recent advances in diagnosis and vaccine development in brief and focusing mainly on developing potential therapeutic options that can be explored to manage this pandemic virus infection, which would help in valid countering of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsah H Al-Ahmed
- Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dayron F Martinez-Pulgarin
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Hakan Leblebicioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Samsun VM Medicalpark Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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31
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Sharun K, Pathak M, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Malik YS, Sah R, Rabaan AA, Panwar PK, Singh KP, Michalak I, Chaicumpa W, Martinez-Pulgarin DF, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: Zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101830. [PMID: 32755673 PMCID: PMC7396141 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus-2) of the family Coronaviridae, appeared in China in December 2019. This disease was declared as posing Public Health International Emergency by World Health Organization on January 30, 2020, attained the status of a very high-risk category on February 29, and now having a pandemic status (March 11). COVID-19 has presently spread to more than 215 countries/territories while killing nearly 0.75 million humans out of cumulative confirmed infected asymptomatic or symptomatic cases accounting to almost 20.5 million as of August 12, 2020, within a short period of just a few months. Researchers worldwide are pacing with high efforts to counter the spread of this virus and to design effective vaccines and therapeutics/drugs. Few of the studies have shown the potential of the animal-human interface and zoonotic links in the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Exploring the possible zoonosis and revealing the factors responsible for its initial transmission from animals to humans will pave ways to design and implement effective preventive and control strategies to counter the COVID-19. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with emphasis on the role of animals and their jumping the cross-species barriers, experiences learned from SARS- and MERS-CoVs, zoonotic links, and spillover events, transmission to humans and rapid spread, and highlights the new advances in diagnosis, vaccine and therapies, preventive and control measures, one health concept along with recent research developments to counter this pandemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, 50-370, Poland
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Dayron F Martinez-Pulgarin
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de Las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia.
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Dhama K, Patel SK, Pathak M, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Singh R, Sah R, Rabaan AA, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. An update on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 with particular reference to its clinical pathology, pathogenesis, immunopathology and mitigation strategies. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101755. [PMID: 32479816 PMCID: PMC7260597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in early December 2019 in China and became a pandemic situation worldwide by its rapid spread to more than 200 countries or territories. Bats are considered as the reservoir host, and the search of a probable intermediate host is still going on. The severe form of the infection is associated with death is mainly reported in older and immune-compromised patients with pre-existing disease history. Death in severe cases is attributed to respiratory failure associated with hyperinflammation. Cytokine storm syndrome associated with inflammation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered as the leading cause of mortality in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients have thus higher levels of many proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The blood laboratory profile of the COVID-19 patients exhibits lymphopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and RNAaemia, along with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women does not lead to fetus mortality, unlike other zoonotic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and there is, to date, no evidence of intrauterine transmission to neonates. Rapid diagnostics have been developed, and significant efforts are being made to develop effective vaccines and therapeutics. In the absence of any virus-specific therapy, internationally, health care authorities are recommending the adoption of effective community mitigation measures to counter and contain this pandemic virus. This paper is an overview of this virus and the disease with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 clinical pathology, pathogenesis, and immunopathology, along with recent research developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
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Patel SK, Pathak M, Rana J, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Dhama J, Malik YS, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Dhama K, Pagliano P. Possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the breast milk of COVID-19 affected women patients to their infants: worries and strategies to counter it. Infez Med 2020; 28:291-294. [PMID: 32920563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajeev Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Ganghinagar, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UNIFRANZ), Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Patel SK, Singh R, Rana J, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Harapan H, Arteaga-Livias K, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Dhama K. The kidney and COVID-19 patients - Important considerations. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101831. [PMID: 32750416 PMCID: PMC7395611 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajeev Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231 001, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India, 281 001, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Lekawada, Ganghinagar, Gujarat, 382 042, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kaula, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 2311, Indonesia; Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Kovy Arteaga-Livias
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco, Peru; Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru; Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Semillero de Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica Del Sur, Lima, Peru; Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Agrawal A, Varshney R, Gattani A, Kirthika P, Khan MH, Singh R, Kodape S, Patel SK, Singh P. Gold nanoparticle based immunochromatographic biosensor for rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection using recombinant protein. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 177:106024. [PMID: 32795639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly infectious and obvious withstand ability of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) to environment as well as lack of on-site field diagnostic methods notably hampers the paratuberculosis (PTB) control. The existing intricacy, time-consuming and complicated diagnostic methods of PTB accentuate the development of novel and easy-to-perform on-site test. A gold nanoparticle (GNP) based lateral-flow assay (LFA) using MAP recombinant protein (44 kDa) has been developed for sensitive and specific detection of PTB in field conditions. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the LFA for MAP specific antibodies was found approximately 84.2% and 83.3% in comparison to indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Consequently, the newly developed GNP based LFA offers on-site and cost-effective method for the prompt diagnosis of PTB and precludes the time-consuming laboratory screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, Mirzapur UP-231001, India.
| | - Anil Gattani
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India; Department of Veterinary biochemistry, Bihar veterinary college, Patna 800014, India.
| | - P Kirthika
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Mahvash Hira Khan
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | - Shantanu Kodape
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
| | | | - Praveen Singh
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. 243122, India.
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Patel SK, Saikumar G, Rana J, Dhama J, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Dhama K. Dexamethasone: A boon for critically ill COVID-19 patients? Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101844. [PMID: 32791213 PMCID: PMC7416109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gutulla Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jigyasa Rana
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajeev Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, 231 001, India
| | | | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India -281001, India
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de Las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sharun K, Tiwari R, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Natesan S, Dhama J, Malik YS, Harapan H, Singh RK, Dhama K. Antibody-based immunotherapeutics and use of convalescent plasma to counter COVID-19: advances and prospects. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1033-1046. [PMID: 32744917 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1796963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to several countries globally. Currently, there is no specific drug or vaccine available for managing COVID-19. Antibody-based immunotherapeutic strategies using convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and intravenous immunoglobulins have therapeutic potential. AREAS COVERED This review provides the current status of the development of various antibody-based immunotherapeutics such as convalescent plasma, mAbs, NAbs, and intravenous immunoglobulins against COVID-19. The review also highlights their advantages, disadvantages, and clinical utility for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. EXPERT OPINION In a pandemic situation such as COVID-19, the development of new drugs should focus on and expedite the strategies where safety and efficacy are proven. Antibody-based immunotherapeutic approaches such as convalescent plasma, intravenous immunoglobulins, and mAbs have a proven record of safety and efficacy and are in use for decades. Some of them are already being used to manage COVID-19 patients and found to be useful. However, the mAbs with virus neutralization potential is the need of the hour during this COVID-19 pandemic to be more specific and virus targeted. The research and investment need to be accelerated to bring them into clinical use for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College Of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar , Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jaideep Dhama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tara Hospital , New Delhi, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala , Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala , Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala , Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Keam S, Megawati D, Patel SK, Tiwari R, Dhama K, Harapan H. Immunopathology and immunotherapeutic strategies in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2123. [PMID: 32648313 PMCID: PMC7404843 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a major concern globally. As of 14 April 2020, more than 1.9 million COVID-19 cases have been reported in 185 countries. Some patients with COVID-19 develop severe clinical manifestations, while others show mild symptoms, suggesting that dysregulation of the host immune response contributes to disease progression and severity. In this review, we have summarized and discussed recent immunological studies focusing on the response of the host immune system and the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as immunotherapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2, functional exhaustion of lymphocytes, and cytokine storm have been discussed as part of immunopathology mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some potential immunotherapeutic strategies to control the progression of COVID-19, such as passive antibody therapy and use of interferon αβ and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) inhibitor, have also been discussed. This may help us to understand the immune status of patients with COVID-19, particularly those with severe clinical presentation, and form a basis for further immunotherapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synat Keam
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dewi Megawati
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Malik YS, Kumar N, Sircar S, Kaushik R, Bhat S, Dhama K, Gupta P, Goyal K, Singh MP, Ghoshal U, El Zowalaty ME, R. VO, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Pathak M, Patel SK, Sah R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Ganesh B, Kumar P, Singh RK. Coronavirus Disease Pandemic (COVID-19): Challenges and a Global Perspective. Pathogens 2020; 9:E519. [PMID: 32605194 PMCID: PMC7400054 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The technology-driven world of the 21st century is currently confronted with a major threat to humankind, represented by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of now, COVID-19 has affected more than 6 million confirmed cases and took 0.39 million human lives. SARS-CoV-2 spreads much faster than its two ancestors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV), but has low fatality rates. Our analyses speculate that the efficient replication and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 might be due to the high-density basic amino acid residues, preferably positioned in close proximity at both the furin-like cleavage sites (S1/S2 and S2') within the spike protein. Given the high genomic similarities of SARS-CoV-2 to bat SARS-like CoVs, it is likely that bats serve as a reservoir host for its progenitor. Women and children are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the elderly and people with comorbidities are more prone to serious clinical outcomes, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. The cohesive approach amongst researchers across the globe has delivered high-end viral diagnostics. However, home-based point-of-care diagnostics are still under development, which may prove transformative in current COVID-19 pandemic containment. Similarly, vaccines and therapeutics against COVID-19 are currently in the pipeline for clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the noteworthy advancements, focusing on the etiological viral agent, comparative genomic analysis, population susceptibility, disease epidemiology and diagnosis, animal reservoirs, laboratory animal models, disease transmission, therapeutics, vaccine challenges, and disease mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Naveen Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 022, India;
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Biosystems Dynamics Research Center, Riken 250-0047, Japan;
| | - Sudipta Bhat
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (S.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (M.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Parakriti Gupta
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Virology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India; (P.G.); (K.G.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Kapil Goyal
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Virology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India; (P.G.); (K.G.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Mini P. Singh
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Virology, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India; (P.G.); (K.G.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Ujjala Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014, India;
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - VinodhKumar O. R.
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281001, India;
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (M.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; (M.P.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu P.O. BOX 1524, Nepal;
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira 660001, Colombia;
- Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda 660003, Colombia
| | - Balasubramanian Ganesh
- Laboratory Division, Indian Council of Medical Research -National Institute of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ayapakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India;
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, J-3 Block, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India;
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India;
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Patel SK, Pathak M, Sah R, Kumar A, Malik YS, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Dhama K. Is Sexual Route a Matter of Concern for the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19? Arch Med Res 2020; 51:745-746. [PMID: 32586655 PMCID: PMC7290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Grupo de Investigacion Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Patel SK, Pathak M, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Malik YS, Sah R, Rabaan AA, Sharun K, Dhama K, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. A vaccine is not too far for COVID-19. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:450-453. [PMID: 32525830 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India.
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India.
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia.
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia.
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Pathak M, Patel SK, Jigyasa R, Tiwari R, Dhama K, Sah R, Rabaan AA, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Global Threat of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the Need for More and Better Diagnostic Tools. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:450-452. [PMID: 32331789 PMCID: PMC7158838 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rana Jigyasa
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, FVAS, RGSC, BHU, Barkachha, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis, Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Sede Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Americas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
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Sajeev J, Burrell LM, Dewey H, Kalman JM, Chou B, Frost T, Patel SK, Roberts L, Cooke JC, Gould M, Ngoh J, Koshy AN, Denver R, Teh AW. P5740ACE2 activity level is associated with embolic stroke of undetermined source. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
ACE2 activity levels correlate with adverse left atrial remodelling in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Several biochemical and structural markers have been associated with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). The relationship between ACE2 activity and ESUS is unknown.
Purpose
Randomised controlled trials failed to demonstrate a clear benefit of oral anticoagulation in an unselected ESUS population. As selective use of oral anticoagulation guided by biomarker risk-profiling may benefit these patients, we evaluated the association between ACE2 activity and ESUS.
Methods
This prospective case control study compared patients with ESUS against a control group matched for vascular risk factors. ESUS was diagnosed following cerebral vascular imaging and 24 hours of cardiac monitoring to exclude AF. Blood samples were collected for measurement of ACE2 activity, D-Dimer and high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT).
Results
A total of 51 patients in the ESUS group were compared with 47 patients in the Control group. ACE2 activity and D-Dimer levels were significantly higher in the ESUS group. There was a significant but weak positive correlation between ACE2 activity and hsTnT (r=0.20, p<0.05). Left atrial volume index (LAVI) on echocardiography was significantly higher in the ESUS group. On regression modelling adjusting for LAVI, only ACE2 activity remained significant for ESUS, with a 20% rise in odds for every 4 unit increase in ACE2 activity (OR 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.36, p=0.04).
Participant characteristics Control (n=47) ESUS (n=51) P value Age (years) 65.65±6.78 67.20±6.89 0.26 Female gender 22 (45.8) 19 (38.0) 0.43 Hypertension 22 (45.8) 24 (48.0) 0.83 Diabetes mellitus 9 (18.8) 12 (24.0) 0.53 CHA2DS2VASc score 2 (1–3) 2 (1–3) 0.50 LA size & Biomarkers LA volume index (ml/m2) 36.5 (32.6–42.5) 39.1 (36.2–46.0) 0.04 ACE2 (pmol/ml/min) 7.24 (2.66–14.64) 10.16 (4.54–18.80) 0.04 D-Dimer (mg/L) 0.35 (0.3–0.5) 0.40 (0.30–0.60) 0.02 hsTroponin T (ng/L) 7.0 (5–10) 9.00 (6.0–13.5) 0.05 Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median (IQR), or n (%).
Median ACE2 activity
Conclusion(s)
ACE2 activity is associated with ESUS independent of left atrial volume and correlate with elevated Troponin. Further studies are warranted to investigate the utility of ACE2 activity in identifying ESUS patients that may benefit from oral anticoagulation.
Acknowledgement/Funding
This study received project funding from the Eastern Health Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sajeev
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L M Burrell
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Dewey
- Eastern Health, Department of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J M Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Chou
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Frost
- Eastern Health, Department of Neuroscience, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S K Patel
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Roberts
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J C Cooke
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Gould
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Ngoh
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A N Koshy
- Austin Health Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - R Denver
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A W Teh
- Eastern Health, Department of Cardiology, Melbourne, Australia
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Ramchand J, Patel SK, Kearney LG, Matalanis G, Farouque O, Srivastava PM, Burrell LM. P6304Role of novel biomarkers to improve risk stratification in aortic stenosis: focus on plasma ACE2 activity. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Ramchand
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S K Patel
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L G Kearney
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Matalanis
- Austin Health Hospital, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Melbourne, Australia
| | - O Farouque
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P M Srivastava
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L M Burrell
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Ramchand J, Patel SK, Srivastava PM, Farouque O, Burrell LM. P6430Elevated plasma angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity is an independent predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Ramchand
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S K Patel
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P M Srivastava
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - O Farouque
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L M Burrell
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Restrepo C, Patel SK, Rethnam V, Werden E, Ramchand J, Churilov L, Burrell LM, Brodtmann A. Left ventricular hypertrophy and cognitive function: a systematic review. J Hum Hypertens 2018; 32:171-179. [PMID: 29330420 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-017-0023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with hypertension. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is recognised as a marker of hypertension-related organ damage and is a strong predictor of coronary artery disease, heart failure and stroke. There is evidence that LVH is independently associated with cognitive impairment, even after adjustment for the presence of hypertension. We conducted a systematic review that examined cognitive impairment in adults with LVH. Independent searches were performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid psycInfo and PubMed with the terms left ventricular hypertrophy and cognition. Seventy-three studies were identified when both searches were combined. After limiting the search to studies that were: (1) reported in English; (2) conducted in humans; (3) in adults aged 50 years and older; and (4) investigated the relationship between LVH and cognitive performance, nine papers were included in this systematic review. The majority of studies found an association between LVH and cognitive performance. Inspection of results indicated that individuals with LVH exhibited a lower performance in cognitive tests, when compared to individuals without LVH. Memory and executive functions were the cognitive domains that showed a specific vulnerability to the presence of LVH. A possible mechanism for the relationship between LVH and cognition is the presence of cerebral white matter damage. White matter lesions occur frequently in patients with LVH and may contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Together, the results of this review suggest that memory impairment and executive dysfunction are the cognitive domains that showed a particular association with the presence of LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Restrepo
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - S K Patel
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - V Rethnam
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - E Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - J Ramchand
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - L Churilov
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - L M Burrell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
| | - A Brodtmann
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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47
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Patel PS, Patel SK, Patel KC. Arylene Azo p-Hydroxy Benzoic Acid–Formaldehyde Oligomer Dyes. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/0954-0083/10/4/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of oligomeric azo dyes has been synthesized by coupling various aromatic diazonium salts to p-hydroxy benzoic acid–formaldehyde ( p-HBAF) oligomer. They were evaluated in terms of their softening points, yields, colour, UV–visible spectra, IR spectra and PMR spectra. Dyeing on wool and nylon resulted in yellow to red shades having moderate to good fastness to light and good to very good fastness to washing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K C Patel
- Department of Chemistry, South Gujarat University, Surat-395 007, India
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48
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Chen J, Patel SK, Lin S, Zhu YY. Letter: the liver to abdominal area ratio--a novel imaging score for prognostication in cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 43:659-60. [PMID: 26843350 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - S K Patel
- Department of cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - S Lin
- Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Y Zhu
- Liver Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Walsh KS, Noll RB, Annett RD, Patel SK, Patenaude AF, Embry L. Standard of Care for Neuropsychological Monitoring in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: Lessons From the Children's Oncology Group (COG). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:191-5. [PMID: 26451963 PMCID: PMC5222571 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As the mortality of pediatric cancers has decreased, focus on neuropsychological morbidities of treatment sequelae have increased. Neuropsychological evaluations are essential diagnostic tools that assess cognitive functioning and neurobiological integrity. These tests provide vital information to support ongoing medical care, documenting cognitive morbidity and response to interventions. We frame standards for neuropsychological monitoring of pediatric patients with CNS malignancy or who received cancer-directed therapies involving the CNS and discuss billing for these services in the United States in the context of clinical research. We describe a cost-effective, efficient model of neuropsychological monitoring that may increases access to neuropsychological care.
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Affiliation(s)
- KS Walsh
- Children’s National Health System & The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - RB Noll
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - RD Annett
- University of Colorado Denver; Children’s Hospital of Colorado
| | - SK Patel
- City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - AF Patenaude
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - L Embry
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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50
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Tiwari S, Patel SK, Shah DR. Bioadhesive films containing fluconazole for mucocutaneous candidiasis. Indian J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:55-61. [PMID: 25767319 PMCID: PMC4355883 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.151601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole is a broad spectrum antifungal agent that has been extensively applied for the management of oral, pharyngeal and cutaneous candidiasis. Fluconazole has a high volume of distribution (0.55–0.65 l/kg) and has systemic toxicity due to high drug-drug interaction. The present study focuses on the formulation of bioadhesive film as a controlled release carrier for fluconazole. The formulation was intended to provide localized delivery of fluconazole exclusively at the site of infection, thereby reducing its total dose and hence, dose-related toxicities. Bioadhesive films were prepared by solvent casting method using sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol alone as well as in various combinations. Prepared films were evaluated for physical characteristics like, weight and content uniformity, film thickness, swelling index, microenvironment pH and folding endurance. In vitro drug release, in vitro and ex vivo residence time, bioadhesive strength and skin irritation were also studied. Accelerated stability study was conducted on the optimized formulation as per ICH guidelines. Weight of all the films were not more than 20 mg. Thickness of the films ranged between 0.09 to 0.15 mm whereas swelling indices showed a high extent of variation. Films composed of polyvinyl alcohol alone provided a swelling index of 6%. Bioadhesive strength was found to be more than 18 g. Microenvironment pH was near to 7.0 for most of the formulations. Ex vivo residence time of optimized batch was more than 5 h and it provided controlled drug release up to 8 h. As revealed in FT-IR and DSC studies, drug was found to be compatible with the excipients used in this study.
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