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Kauwe G, Pareja-Navarro KA, Yao L, Chen JH, Wong I, Saloner R, Cifuentes H, Nana AL, Shah S, Li Y, Le D, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Kramer JH, Sacktor TC, Schilling B, Gan L, Casaletto KB, Tracy TE. KIBRA repairs synaptic plasticity and promotes resilience to tauopathy-related memory loss. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169064. [PMID: 38299587 PMCID: PMC10836803 DOI: 10.1172/jci169064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is obstructed by pathogenic tau in the brain, representing a key mechanism that underlies memory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Here, we found that reduced levels of the memory-associated protein KIdney/BRAin (KIBRA) in the brain and increased KIBRA protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with cognitive impairment and pathological tau levels in disease. We next defined a mechanism for plasticity repair in vulnerable neurons using the C-terminus of the KIBRA protein (CT-KIBRA). We showed that CT-KIBRA restored plasticity and memory in transgenic mice expressing pathogenic human tau; however, CT-KIBRA did not alter tau levels or prevent tau-induced synapse loss. Instead, we found that CT-KIBRA stabilized the protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) to maintain synaptic plasticity and memory despite tau-mediated pathogenesis. Thus, our results distinguished KIBRA both as a biomarker of synapse dysfunction and as the foundation for a synapse repair mechanism to reverse cognitive impairment in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Kauwe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | | | - Lei Yao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Jackson H. Chen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Ivy Wong
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Rowan Saloner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helen Cifuentes
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Alissa L. Nana
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, Califoria, USA
| | - David Le
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, Califoria, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Todd C. Sacktor
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center of Neural and Behavioral Science, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anesthesiology, and Neurology, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | | | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tara E. Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
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2
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Bar S, Wilson KA, Hilsabeck TA, Alderfer S, Dammer EB, Burton JB, Shah S, Holtz A, Carrera EM, Beck JN, Chen JH, Kauwe G, Tracy TE, Seyfried NT, Schilling B, Ellerby LM, Kapahi P. Neuronal Glycogen Breakdown Mitigates Tauopathy via Pentose Phosphate Pathway-Mediated Oxidative Stress Reduction. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3526342. [PMID: 37986935 PMCID: PMC10659530 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3526342/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies encompass a range of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Unfortunately, current treatment approaches for tauopathies have yielded limited success, underscoring the pressing need for novel therapeutic strategies. We observed distinct signatures of impaired glycogen metabolism in the Drosophila brain of the tauopathy model and the brain of AD patients, indicating a link between tauopathies and glycogen metabolism. We demonstrate that the breakdown of neuronal glycogen by activating glycogen phosphorylase (GlyP) ameliorates the tauopathy phenotypes in flies and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived neurons from FTD patients. We observed that glycogen breakdown redirects the glucose flux to the pentose phosphate pathway to alleviate oxidative stress. Our findings uncover a critical role for increased GlyP activity in mediating the neuroprotection benefit of dietary restriction (DR) through the cAMP-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Our studies identify impaired glycogen metabolism as a key hallmark for tauopathies and offer a promising therapeutic target in tauopathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Bar
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94947, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric B. Dammer
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory University, School of Medicine Core Labs, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94947, USA
| | - Anja Holtz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94947, USA
| | | | | | - Jackson H Chen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94947, USA
| | - Grant Kauwe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94947, USA
| | - Tara E. Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94947, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94947, USA
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3
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Kauwe G, Pareja-Navarro KA, Yao L, Chen JH, Wong I, Saloner R, Cifuentes H, Nana AL, Shah S, Li Y, Le D, Spina S, Grinberg LT, Seeley WW, Kramer JH, Sacktor TC, Schilling B, Gan L, Casaletto KB, Tracy TE. KIBRA repairs synaptic plasticity and promotes resilience to tauopathy-related memory loss. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.12.543777. [PMID: 37398236 PMCID: PMC10312627 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.543777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is obstructed by pathogenic tau in the brain, representing a key mechanism that underlies memory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Here, we define a mechanism for plasticity repair in vulnerable neurons using the C-terminus of the KIdney/BRAin (KIBRA) protein (CT-KIBRA). We show that CT-KIBRA restores plasticity and memory in transgenic mice expressing pathogenic human tau; however, CT-KIBRA did not alter tau levels or prevent tau-induced synapse loss. Instead, we find that CT-KIBRA binds to and stabilizes protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) to maintain synaptic plasticity and memory despite tau-mediated pathogenesis. In humans we find that reduced KIBRA in brain and increased KIBRA in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with cognitive impairment and pathological tau levels in disease. Thus, our results distinguish KIBRA both as a novel biomarker of synapse dysfunction in AD and as the foundation for a synapse repair mechanism to reverse cognitive impairment in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Kauwe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | | | - Lei Yao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | | | - Ivy Wong
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - Rowan Saloner
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | | | - Alissa L. Nana
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | - Samah Shah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - David Le
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | - Todd C. Sacktor
- The Robert F. Furchgott Center of Neural and Behavioral Science, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anesthesiology, and Neurology, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY USA
| | | | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco USA
| | - Tara E. Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA USA
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4
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Udeochu JC, Amin S, Huang Y, Fan L, Torres ERS, Carling GK, Liu B, McGurran H, Coronas-Samano G, Kauwe G, Mousa GA, Wong MY, Ye P, Nagiri RK, Lo I, Holtzman J, Corona C, Yarahmady A, Gill MT, Raju RM, Mok SA, Gong S, Luo W, Zhao M, Tracy TE, Ratan RR, Tsai LH, Sinha SC, Gan L. Tau activation of microglial cGAS-IFN reduces MEF2C-mediated cognitive resilience. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:737-750. [PMID: 37095396 PMCID: PMC10166855 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) precede clinical symptoms by years, indicating a period of cognitive resilience before the onset of dementia. Here, we report that activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) diminishes cognitive resilience by decreasing the neuronal transcriptional network of myocyte enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C) through type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. Pathogenic tau activates cGAS and IFN-I responses in microglia, in part mediated by cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA. Genetic ablation of Cgas in mice with tauopathy diminished the microglial IFN-I response, preserved synapse integrity and plasticity and protected against cognitive impairment without affecting the pathogenic tau load. cGAS ablation increased, while activation of IFN-I decreased, the neuronal MEF2C expression network linked to cognitive resilience in AD. Pharmacological inhibition of cGAS in mice with tauopathy enhanced the neuronal MEF2C transcriptional network and restored synaptic integrity, plasticity and memory, supporting the therapeutic potential of targeting the cGAS-IFN-MEF2C axis to improve resilience against AD-related pathological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe C Udeochu
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadaf Amin
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yige Huang
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eileen Ruth S Torres
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gillian K Carling
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bangyan Liu
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hugo McGurran
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Coronas-Samano
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant Kauwe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Gergey Alzaem Mousa
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Man Ying Wong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pearly Ye
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar Nagiri
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iris Lo
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia Holtzman
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlo Corona
- Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Allan Yarahmady
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael T Gill
- The Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ravikiran M Raju
- The Picower Institute of Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shiaoching Gong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingrui Zhao
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tara E Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- The Picower Institute of Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Tracy TE, Madero-Pérez J, Swaney DL, Chang TS, Moritz M, Konrad C, Ward ME, Stevenson E, Hüttenhain R, Kauwe G, Mercedes M, Sweetland-Martin L, Chen X, Mok SA, Wong MY, Telpoukhovskaia M, Min SW, Wang C, Sohn PD, Martin J, Zhou Y, Luo W, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Gong S, Manfredi G, Coppola G, Krogan NJ, Geschwind DH, Gan L. Tau interactome maps synaptic and mitochondrial processes associated with neurodegeneration. Cell 2022; 185:712-728.e14. [PMID: 35063084 PMCID: PMC8857049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tau (MAPT) drives neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other tauopathies. To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we combined an engineered ascorbic acid peroxidase (APEX) approach with quantitative affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) followed by proximity ligation assay (PLA) to characterize Tau interactomes modified by neuronal activity and mutations that cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. We established interactions of Tau with presynaptic vesicle proteins during activity-dependent Tau secretion and mapped the Tau-binding sites to the cytosolic domains of integral synaptic vesicle proteins. We showed that FTD mutations impair bioenergetics and markedly diminished Tau’s interaction with mitochondria proteins, which were downregulated in AD brains of multiple cohorts and correlated with disease severity. These multimodal and dynamic Tau interactomes with exquisite spatial resolution shed light on Tau’s role in neuronal function and disease and highlight potential therapeutic targets to block Tau-mediated pathogenesis. By combining APEX and AP-MS proteomic approaches, Tau interactome mapping reveals that Tau interactors are modified by neuronal activity and FTD mutations in human iPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Jesus Madero-Pérez
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Timothy S Chang
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Program and Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michelle Moritz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Erica Stevenson
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Grant Kauwe
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Maria Mercedes
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lauren Sweetland-Martin
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Man Ying Wong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Sang-Won Min
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenjie Luo
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiaoching Gong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Program and Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Program and Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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6
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Sayed FA, Kodama L, Fan L, Carling GK, Udeochu JC, Le D, Li Q, Zhou L, Wong MY, Horowitz R, Ye P, Mathys H, Wang M, Niu X, Mazutis L, Jiang X, Wang X, Gao F, Brendel M, Telpoukhovskaia M, Tracy TE, Frost G, Zhou Y, Li Y, Qiu Y, Cheng Z, Yu G, Hardy J, Coppola G, Wang F, DeTure MA, Zhang B, Xie L, Trajnowski JQ, Lee VM, Gong S, Sinha SC, Dickson DW, Luo W, Gan L. AD-linked R47H- TREM2 mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states via AKT hyperactivation. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe3947. [PMID: 34851693 PMCID: PMC9345574 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hemizygous R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a microglia-specific gene in the brain, increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using transcriptomic analysis of single nuclei from brain tissues of patients with AD carrying the R47H mutation or the common variant (CV)–TREM2, we found that R47H-associated microglial subpopulations had enhanced inflammatory signatures reminiscent of previously identified disease-associated microglia (DAM) and hyperactivation of AKT, one of the signaling pathways downstream of TREM2. We established a tauopathy mouse model with heterozygous knock-in of the human TREM2 with the R47H mutation or CV and found that R47H induced and exacerbated TAU-mediated spatial memory deficits in female mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia from these mice also revealed transcriptomic changes induced by R47H that had substantial overlaps with R47H microglia in human AD brains, including robust increases in proinflammatory cytokines, activation of AKT signaling, and elevation of a subset of DAM signatures. Pharmacological AKT inhibition with MK-2206 largely reversed the enhanced inflammatory signatures in primary R47H microglia treated with TAU fibrils. In R47H heterozygous tauopathy mice, MK-2206 treatment abolished a tauopathy-dependent microglial subcluster and rescued tauopathy-induced synapse loss. By uncovering disease-enhancing mechanisms of the R47H mutation conserved in human and mouse, our study supports inhibitors of AKT signaling as a microglial modulating strategy to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A. Sayed
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Lay Kodama
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gillian K. Carling
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joe C. Udeochu
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David Le
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Man Ying Wong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Rose Horowitz
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Pearly Ye
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hansruedi Mathys
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xiang Niu
- Tri-Institutional Computational Biology & Medicine Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xueqiao Jiang
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xueting Wang
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Brendel
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Tara E. Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Georgia Frost
- Chemical Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Computer Science, Hunter College, & The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zuolin Cheng
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 24061, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 24061, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhang
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lei Xie
- Chemical Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John Q. Trajnowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M.Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiaoching Gong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Subhash C. Sinha
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Wenjie Luo
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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7
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Shin MK, Vázquez-Rosa E, Koh Y, Dhar M, Chaubey K, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Barker S, Miller E, Franke K, Noterman MF, Seth D, Allen RS, Motz CT, Rao SR, Skelton LA, Pardue MT, Fliesler SJ, Wang C, Tracy TE, Gan L, Liebl DJ, Savarraj JPJ, Torres GL, Ahnstedt H, McCullough LD, Kitagawa RS, Choi HA, Zhang P, Hou Y, Chiang CW, Li L, Ortiz F, Kilgore JA, Williams NS, Whitehair VC, Gefen T, Flanagan ME, Stamler JS, Jain MK, Kraus A, Cheng F, Reynolds JD, Pieper AA. Reducing acetylated tau is neuroprotective in brain injury. Cell 2021; 184:2715-2732.e23. [PMID: 33852912 PMCID: PMC8491234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest non-genetic, non-aging related risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report here that TBI induces tau acetylation (ac-tau) at sites acetylated also in human AD brain. This is mediated by S-nitrosylated-GAPDH, which simultaneously inactivates Sirtuin1 deacetylase and activates p300/CBP acetyltransferase, increasing neuronal ac-tau. Subsequent tau mislocalization causes neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral impairment, and ac-tau accumulates in the blood. Blocking GAPDH S-nitrosylation, inhibiting p300/CBP, or stimulating Sirtuin1 all protect mice from neurodegeneration, neurobehavioral impairment, and blood and brain accumulation of ac-tau after TBI. Ac-tau is thus a therapeutic target and potential blood biomarker of TBI that may represent pathologic convergence between TBI and AD. Increased ac-tau in human AD brain is further augmented in AD patients with history of TBI, and patients receiving the p300/CBP inhibitors salsalate or diflunisal exhibit decreased incidence of AD and clinically diagnosed TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoo Shin
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yeojung Koh
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matasha Dhar
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kalyani Chaubey
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Coral J Cintrón-Pérez
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Barker
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Emiko Miller
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kathryn Franke
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria F Noterman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Divya Seth
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachael S Allen
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Cara T Motz
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lara A Skelton
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - Steven J Fliesler
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY-University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Research Service, VA Western NY Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jude P J Savarraj
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Glenda L Torres
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan S Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Alex Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengyue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Francisco Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jessica A Kilgore
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victoria C Whitehair
- MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Tamar Gefen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret E Flanagan
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allison Kraus
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James D Reynolds
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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8
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Limbad C, Oron TR, Alimirah F, Davalos AR, Tracy TE, Gan L, Desprez PY, Campisi J. Astrocyte senescence promotes glutamate toxicity in cortical neurons. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227887. [PMID: 31945125 PMCID: PMC6964973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a major age-related pathology. Cognitive decline is characteristic of patients with Alzheimer’s and related dementias and cancer patients after chemo- or radio-therapies. A recently emerged driver of these and other age-related pathologies is cellular senescence, a cell fate that entails a permanent cell cycle arrest and pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although there is a link between inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases, there are many open questions regarding how cellular senescence affects neurodegenerative pathologies. Among the various cell types in the brain, astrocytes are the most abundant. Astrocytes have proliferative capacity and are essential for neuron survival. Here, we investigated the phenotype of primary human astrocytes made senescent by X-irradiation, and identified genes encoding glutamate and potassium transporters as specifically downregulated upon senescence. This down regulation led to neuronal cell death in co-culture assays. Unbiased RNA sequencing of transcripts expressed by non-senescent and senescent astrocytes confirmed that glutamate homeostasis pathway declines upon senescence. Our results suggest a key role for cellular senescence, particularly in astrocytes, in excitotoxicity, which may lead to neurodegeneration including Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandani Limbad
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Comparative Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tal Ronnen Oron
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Fatouma Alimirah
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Albert R. Davalos
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Tara E. Tracy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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9
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Sohn PD, Huang CTL, Yan R, Fan L, Tracy TE, Camargo CM, Montgomery KM, Arhar T, Mok SA, Freilich R, Baik J, He M, Gong S, Roberson ED, Karch CM, Gestwicki JE, Xu K, Kosik KS, Gan L. Pathogenic Tau Impairs Axon Initial Segment Plasticity and Excitability Homeostasis. Neuron 2019; 104:458-470.e5. [PMID: 31542321 PMCID: PMC6880876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of neuronal excitability underlies the pathogenesis of tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with tau inclusions. A majority of FTD-causing tau mutations are located in the microtubule-binding domain, but how these mutations alter neuronal excitability is largely unknown. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing in human pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons and isogenic controls, we show that the FTD-causing V337M tau mutation impairs activity-dependent plasticity of the cytoskeleton in the axon initial segment (AIS). Extracellular recordings by multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) revealed that the V337M tau mutation in human neurons leads to an abnormal increase in neuronal activity in response to chronic depolarization. Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy of human neurons with this mutation showed that AIS plasticity is impaired by the abnormal accumulation of end-binding protein 3 (EB3) in the AIS submembrane region. These findings expand our understanding of how FTD-causing tau mutations dysregulate components of the neuronal cytoskeleton, leading to network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dongmin Sohn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cindy Tzu-Ling Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Li Fan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY10021, USA
| | - Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carolina M Camargo
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kelly M Montgomery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Taylor Arhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sue-Ann Mok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Rebecca Freilich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Justin Baik
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Manni He
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Shiaoching Gong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY10021, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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10
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Tracy TE, Gan L. Tau-mediated synaptic and neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 51:134-138. [PMID: 29753269 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of pathological tau in the brain is associated with neuronal deterioration and cognitive impairments in tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease. Tau, while primarily localized in the axons of healthy neurons, accumulates in the soma and dendrites of neurons under pathogenic conditions. Tau is found in both presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of neurons in Alzheimer's disease. New research supports that soluble forms of tau trigger pathophysiology in the brain by altering properties of synaptic and neuronal function at the early stages of disease progression, before neurons die. Here we review the current understanding of how tau-mediated synaptic and neuronal dysfunction contributes to cognitive decline. Delineating the mechanisms by which pathogenic tau alters synapses, dendrites and axons will help lay the foundation for new strategies that can restore neuronal function in tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Department of Neurology, Weill Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA.
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11
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Wang C, Ward ME, Chen R, Liu K, Tracy TE, Chen X, Xie M, Sohn PD, Ludwig C, Meyer-Franke A, Karch CM, Ding S, Gan L. Scalable Production of iPSC-Derived Human Neurons to Identify Tau-Lowering Compounds by High-Content Screening. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1221-1233. [PMID: 28966121 PMCID: PMC5639430 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lowering total tau levels is an attractive therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. High-throughput screening in neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a powerful tool to identify tau-targeted therapeutics. However, such screens have been hampered by heterogeneous neuronal production, high cost and low yield, and multi-step differentiation procedures. We engineered an isogenic iPSC line that harbors an inducible neurogenin 2 transgene, a transcription factor that rapidly converts iPSCs to neurons, integrated at the AAVS1 locus. Using a simplified two-step protocol, we differentiated these iPSCs into cortical glutamatergic neurons with minimal well-to-well variability. We developed a robust high-content screening assay to identify tau-lowering compounds in LOPAC and identified adrenergic receptors agonists as a class of compounds that reduce endogenous human tau. These techniques enable the use of human neurons for high-throughput screening of drugs to treat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Min Xie
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter Dongmin Sohn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Connor Ludwig
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anke Meyer-Franke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sheng Ding
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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12
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Tracy TE, Gan L. Acetylated tau in Alzheimer's disease: An instigator of synaptic dysfunction underlying memory loss: Increased levels of acetylated tau blocks the postsynaptic signaling required for plasticity and promotes memory deficits associated with tauopathy. Bioessays 2017; 39. [PMID: 28083916 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis in tauopathies involves the accumulation of tau in the brain and progressive synapse loss accompanied by cognitive decline. Pathological tau is found at synapses, and it promotes synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits. The specific role of toxic tau in disrupting the molecular networks that regulate synaptic strength has been elusive. A novel mechanistic link between tau toxicity and synaptic plasticity involves the acetylation of two lysines on tau, K274, and K281, which are associated with dementia in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We propose that an increase in tau acetylated on these lysines blocks the expression of long-term potentiation at hippocampal synapses leading to impaired memory in AD. Acetylated tau could inhibit the activity-dependent recruitment of postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors required for plasticity by interfering with the postsynaptic localization of KIBRA, a memory-associated protein. Strategies that reduce the acetylation of tau may lead to effective treatments for cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Sohn PD, Tracy TE, Son HI, Zhou Y, Leite REP, Miller BL, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT, Gan L. Acetylated tau destabilizes the cytoskeleton in the axon initial segment and is mislocalized to the somatodendritic compartment. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27356871 PMCID: PMC4928318 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurons are highly polarized cells in which asymmetric axonal-dendritic distribution of proteins is crucial for neuronal function. Loss of polarized distribution of the axonal protein tau is an early sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The cytoskeletal network in the axon initial segment (AIS) forms a barrier between the axon and the somatodentritic compartment, contributing to axonal retention of tau. Although perturbation of the AIS cytoskeleton has been implicated in neurological disorders, the molecular triggers and functional consequence of AIS perturbation are incompletely understood. RESULTS Here we report that tau acetylation and consequent destabilization of the AIS cytoskeleton promote the somatodendritic mislocalization of tau. AIS cytoskeletal proteins, including ankyrin G and βIV-spectrin, were downregulated in AD brains and negatively correlated with an increase in tau acetylated at K274 and K281. AIS proteins were also diminished in transgenic mice expressing tauK274/281Q, a tau mutant that mimics K274 and K281 acetylation. In primary neuronal cultures, the tauK274/281Q mutant caused hyperdynamic microtubules (MTs) in the AIS, shown by live-imaging of MT mobility and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Using photoconvertible tau constructs, we found that axonal tauK274/281Q was missorted into the somatodendritic compartment. Stabilizing MTs with epothilone D to restore the cytoskeletal barrier in the AIS prevented tau mislocalization in primary neuronal cultures. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings demonstrate that tau acetylation contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease by compromising the cytoskeletal sorting machinery in the AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dongmin Sohn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Hye-In Son
- Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Physiopathology in Aging Lab/Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group-LIM22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Tracy TE, Sohn PD, Minami SS, Wang C, Min SW, Li Y, Zhou Y, Le D, Lo I, Ponnusamy R, Cong X, Schilling B, Ellerby LM, Huganir RL, Gan L. Acetylated Tau Obstructs KIBRA-Mediated Signaling in Synaptic Plasticity and Promotes Tauopathy-Related Memory Loss. Neuron 2016; 90:245-60. [PMID: 27041503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tau toxicity has been implicated in the emergence of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanism by which tau alters synapse physiology and leads to cognitive decline is unclear. Here we report abnormal acetylation of K274 and K281 on tau, identified in AD brains, promotes memory loss and disrupts synaptic plasticity by reducing postsynaptic KIdney/BRAin (KIBRA) protein, a memory-associated protein. Transgenic mice expressing human tau with lysine-to-glutamine mutations to mimic K274 and K281 acetylation (tauKQ) exhibit AD-related memory deficits and impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). TauKQ reduces synaptic KIBRA levels and disrupts activity-induced postsynaptic actin remodeling and AMPA receptor insertion. The LTP deficit was rescued by promoting actin polymerization or by KIBRA expression. In AD patients with dementia, we found enhanced tau acetylation is linked to loss of KIBRA. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which pathogenic tau causes synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - Peter Dongmin Sohn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - S Sakura Minami
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - Sang-Won Min
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - David Le
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | - Iris Lo
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA
| | | | - Xin Cong
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 91458, USA.
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15
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Min SW, Chen X, Tracy TE, Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang C, Shirakawa K, Minami SS, Defensor E, Mok SA, Sohn PD, Schilling B, Cong X, Ellerby L, Gibson BW, Johnson J, Krogan N, Shamloo M, Gestwicki J, Masliah E, Verdin E, Gan L. Critical role of acetylation in tau-mediated neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Nat Med 2015; 21:1154-62. [PMID: 26390242 PMCID: PMC4598295 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are neurodegenerative diseases in which tau fibrils accumulate. Recent evidence supports soluble tau species as the major toxic species. How soluble tau accumulates and causes neurodegeneration remains unclear. Here we identify tau acetylation at Lys174 (K174) as an early change in AD brains and a critical determinant in tau homeostasis and toxicity in mice. The acetyl-mimicking mutant K174Q slows tau turnover and induces cognitive deficits in vivo. Acetyltransferase p300-induced tau acetylation is inhibited by salsalate and salicylate, which enhance tau turnover and reduce tau levels. In the PS19 transgenic mouse model of FTD, administration of salsalate after disease onset inhibited p300 activity, lowered levels of total tau and tau acetylated at K174, rescued tau-induced memory deficits and prevented hippocampal atrophy. The tau-lowering and protective effects of salsalate were diminished in neurons expressing K174Q tau. Targeting tau acetylation could be a new therapeutic strategy against human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Min
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xu Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tara E Tracy
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yungui Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Sakura Minami
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erwin Defensor
- Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sue Ann Mok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Dongmin Sohn
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Xin Cong
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Lisa Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Johnson
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nevan Krogan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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16
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Wen D, Boissel JP, Tracy TE, Gruninger RH, Mulcahy LS, Czelusniak J, Goodman M, Bunn HF. Erythropoietin structure-function relationships: high degree of sequence homology among mammals. Blood 1993; 82:1507-16. [PMID: 8364201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate structure-function relationships of erythropoietin (Epo), we have obtained cDNA sequences that encode the mature Epo protein of a variety of mammals. A first set of primers, corresponding to conserved nucleotide sequences between mouse and human DNAs, allowed us to amplify by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) intron 1/exon 2 fragments from genomic DNA of the hamster, cat, lion, dog, horse, sheep, dolphin, and pig. Sequencing of these fragments permitted the design of a second generation of species-specific primers. RNA was prepared from anemic kidneys and reverse-transcribed. Using our battery of species-specific 5' primers, we were able to successfully PCR-amplify Epo cDNA from Rhesus monkey, rat, sheep, dog, cat, and pig. Deduced amino acid sequences of mature Epo proteins from these animals, in combination with known sequences for human, Cynomolgus monkey, and mouse, showed a high degree of homology, which explains the biologic and immunological cross-reactivity that has been observed in a number of species. Human Epo is 91% identical to monkey Epo, 85% to cat and dog Epo, and 80% to 82% to pig, sheep, mouse, and rat Epos. There was full conservation of (1) the disulfide bridge linking the NH2 and COOH termini; (2) N-glycosylation sites; and (3) predicted amphipathic alpha-helices. In contrast, the short disulfide bridge (C29/C33 in humans) is not invariant. Cys33 was replaced by a Pro in rodents. Most of the amino acid replacements were conservative. The C-terminal part of the loop between the C and D helices showed the most variation, with several amino acid substitutions, deletions, and/or insertions. Calculations of maximum parsimony for intron 1/exon 2 sequences as well as coding sequences enabled the construction of cladograms that are in good agreement with known phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wen
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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17
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Tracy TE, Mulcahy LS. A simple method for direct automated sequencing of PCR fragments. Biotechniques 1991; 11:68-75. [PMID: 1835395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for direct sequencing of PCR-generated fragments has been developed for use on Applied Biosystems 373A Automated DNA Sequencer utilizing the DyeDeoxy terminator chemistry. Standard PCR conditions are used to generate a DNA fragment, which is subsequently gel-purified to remove excess primers and unwanted PCR products. The sequencing reactions are carried out in a thermal cycler using the purified product as template DNA and the Dye-Deoxy terminators. The sequence of 500-bp region in the bacteriophage lambda genome and a 320-bp fragment of the human genomic erythropoietin gene were sequenced with greater than 99% accuracy using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Tracy
- Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Biology, R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, NJ 08867
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