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Kim JE, Budluang P, Park J, Lee KH, Pakdeepromma S, Kaewpiboon C, Kang HY, Hwang DY, Chung YH. N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine, derived from garlic, and its derivative alleviate 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6776. [PMID: 38514712 PMCID: PMC10958003 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the intricate etiology and pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), the complete cure of AD remains challenging. This study aimed to investigate if topically applying N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine (BMDA), derived from garlic, and its derivative [decyl-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-methyl-1-amine] (DMMA) could effectively alleviate AD-like skin lesions in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated mice. Administering these compounds to the irritated skin of DNCB-treated mice significantly reduced swelling, rash, and excoriation severity, alongside a corresponding decrease in inflamed epidermis and dermis. Moreover, they inhibited spleen and lymph node enlargement and showed fewer infiltrated mast cells in the epidermis and dermis through toluidine-blue staining. Additionally, they led to a lower IgE titer in mouse sera as determined by ELISA, compared to vehicle treatment. Analyzing skin tissue from the mice revealed decreased transcript levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), IL-4, iNOS, and COX-2, compared to control mice. Simultaneously, the compounds impeded the activation of inflammation-related signaling molecules such as JNK, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB in the mouse skin. In summary, these findings suggest that BMDA and DMMA hold the potential to be developed as a novel treatment for healing inflammatory AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumin Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon Ho Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sirichatnach Pakdeepromma
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Pathio, Chumphon, 86160, Thailand
| | - Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Phatthalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JE, Kang C, Budluang P, Yawut N, Cho IR, Choi YJ, Kim J, Ju S, Lee B, Sohn DH, Yim HS, Lee KW, Han J, Jung Y, Kang HY, Park JK, Jung Y, Hwang DY, Chung YH. N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine and its derivative mitigate 2,4- dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis and collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1095955. [PMID: 37153778 PMCID: PMC10157284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1095955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As our previous study revealed that N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine (BMDA), a new molecule originated from Allium sativum, exhibits anti-neoplastic activities, we herein explored other functions of the compound and its derivative [decyl-(4-methoxy-benzyl)-methyl-amine; DMMA] including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Pretreatment of THP-1 cells with BMDA or DMMA inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β production, and blocked c-jun terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), MAPKAP kinase (MK)2 and NF-κΒ inflammatory signaling during LPS stimulation. Rectal treatment with BMDA or DMMA reduced the severity of colitis in 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-treated rat. Consistently, administration of the compounds decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (representing neutrophil infiltration in colonic mucosa), production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-3 and TNF-α, and activation of JNK and p38 MAPK in the colon tissues. In addition, oral administration of these compounds ameliorated collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in mice. The treatment diminished the levels of inflammatory cytokine transcripts, and protected connective tissues through the expression of anti-oxidation proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid-related factor (Nrf)2 and heme oxygenase (HO)1. Additionally, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels did not differ between the BMDA- or DMMA-treated and control animals, indicating that the compounds do not possess liver toxicity. Taken together, these findings propose that BMDA and DMMA could be used as new drugs for curing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyu Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Natpaphan Yawut
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ju
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Soon Yim
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yunjin Jung, , Dae Youn Hwang, ; Young-Hwa Chung,
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yunjin Jung, , Dae Youn Hwang, ; Young-Hwa Chung,
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yunjin Jung, , Dae Youn Hwang, ; Young-Hwa Chung,
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Kaewpiboon C, Boonnak N, Kaowinn S, Yawut N, Chung YH. Formoxanthone C Inhibits Malignant Tumor Phenotypes of Human A549 Multidrug Resistant-cancer Cells through Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1-Histone Deacetylase 4 Signaling. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:112-121. [PMID: 35864853 PMCID: PMC9271403 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.2.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that presence of cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation in tumor tissues confers anticancer drug resistance, we investigated whether human A549 lung cancer cells resistant to etoposide possess CSC-like phenotypes. Furthermore, it is known that these malignant tumor features are the leading cause of treatment failure in cancer. We have thus attempted to explore new therapeutic agents from natural products targeting these malignancies. We found that formoxanthone C (XanX), a 1,3,5,6-tetraoxygenated xanthone from Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum, at a non-cytotoxic concentration reduced the expression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) proteins, leading to inhibition of CSC-like phenotypes such as cell migration, invasion, and sphere-forming ability. Moreover, we found that treatment with STAT1 or HDAC4 small interfering RNAs significantly hindered these CSC-like phenotypes, indicating that STAT1 and HDAC4 play a role in the malignant tumor features. Taken together, our findings suggest that XanX may be a potential new therapeutic agent targeting malignant lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand
| | - Nawong Boonnak
- Department of Basic Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon, Thailand
| | - Natpaphan Yawut
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Yoo SY, Kim E, Nam GB, Lee D, Shim JH, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Choi J. Safety of direct oral anticoagulants compared to warfarin in cirrhotic patients with atrial fibrillation. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:555-566. [PMID: 35078306 PMCID: PMC9082430 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with warfarin in patients with both nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and clinically confirmed liver cirrhosis (LC) has not been well studied. We compared the risk of a major bleeding event between DOAC and warfarin treatments in this patient population. METHODS A total of 238 cirrhotic patients with AF were retrospectively analyzed. The major bleeding event risk was compared between DOAC- and warfarin-treated groups. The median follow-up duration was 5.6 years. RESULTS Among the 238 study patients with LC and AF, 128 (53.8%) received DOACs and 110 (46.2%) received warfarin. The mean patient age was 68.8 years, and 78.2% were men. A major bleeding event occurred in 10 and 20 patients in the DOAC and warfarin groups, respectively, most commonly caused by gastrointestinal bleeding (70.0%). The cumulative risk of major bleeding did not differ between the groups by log-rank test (p = 0.12). This finding did not change when using 60 propensity score-matched pairs. A multivariable Cox regression model indicated that the concomitant use of antiplatelet agents (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00 to 4.30; p = 0.048) and presence of esophageal or gastric varices confirmed by endoscopic examination (aHR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.03 to 5.17; p = 0.04) were associated with major bleeding in the entire cohort. CONCLUSION A major bleeding event risk is not increased by DOAC compared with warfarin treatment. Antiplatelet agent use and varices are independently associated with a higher risk of major bleeding during anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan,
Korea
| | - Gi-Byoung Nam
- Heart Institute, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Choi J, Park J, Lee D, Shim JH, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH. The Korean Hepatitis C Virus Care Cascade in a Tertiary Institution: Current Status and Changes in Testing, Link to Care, and Treatment. Gut Liver 2022; 16:964-975. [PMID: 35354688 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The care cascade for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is impeded by multiple barriers, including suboptimal anti-HCV testing, link to care, and diagnosis. We explored the changes in the care cascade of HCV for the past 20 years and its current status in a large cohort from a tertiary referral center. Methods We analyzed 1,144,468 patients who had anti-HCV testing between January 2001 and June 2020. Metrics related to the care cascade of HCV infection and the long-term prognosis of patients were explored. Results The seroprevalence of anti-HCV positivity was 1.8%, with a recent decreasing trend. In all, 69.9% of anti-HCV positive patients performed HCV RNA testing, with a 65.7% positivity. Patients who did not have HCV RNA testing were older and more likely to have a non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy, normal alanine aminotransferase level, and good liver function. Linkage times for HCV RNA testing from the anti-HCV positivity and for antiviral treatment from HCV diagnosis decreased, notably after 2015, when highly efficacious oral antiviral treatment was introduced to Korea. The average treatment uptake rate was 35.4%, which increased to 38.9% after 2015. Of the 5,302 patients analyzed for long-term prognosis, the annual incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma were 1.02 or 2.14 per 100 person-years in patients with or without a sustained virological response, respectively. Conclusions The care cascade of HCV infection has been suboptimal for the past 20 years, despite the recent changes. More effort should be made to increase HCV RNA testing and treatment uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jina Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yawut N, Kaowinn S, Cho IR, Budluang P, Kim S, Kim S, Youn SE, Koh SS, Chung YH. Translocalization of enhanced PKM2 protein into the nucleus induced by cancer upregulated gene 2 confers cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35000669 PMCID: PMC8891619 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mRNA levels of cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2 have been detected in many different tumor tissues using Affymetrix microarray. Oncogenic capability of the CUG2 gene has been further reported. However, the mechanism by which CUG2 overexpression promotes cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes remains unknown. With recent studies showing that pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2) is overexpressed in clinical tissues from gastric, lung, and cervical cancer patients, we hypothesized that PKM2 might play an important role in CSC-like phenotypes caused by CUG2 overexpression. The present study revealed that PKM2 protein levels and translocation of PKM2 into the nucleus were enhanced in CUG2-overexpressing lung carcinoma A549 and immortalized bronchial BEAS-2B cells than in control cells. Ex-pression levels of c-Myc, CyclinD1, and PKM2 were increased in CUG2-overexpressing cells than in control cells. Furthermore, EGFR and ERK inhibitors as well as suppression of Yap1 and NEK2 expression reduced PKM2 protein levels. Interestingly, knockdown of β-catenin expression failed to reduce PKM2 protein levels. Furthermore, reduction of PKM2 expression with its siRNA hindered CSC-like phenotypes such as faster wound heal-ing, aggressive transwell migration, and increased size/number of sphere formation. The introduction of mutant S37A PKM2-green fluorescence protein (GFP) into cells without ability to move to the nucleus did not confer CSC-like phenotypes, whereas forced expression of wild-type PKM2 promoted such phenotypes. Overall, CUG2-induced increase in the expression of nuclear PKM2 contributes to CSC-like phenotypes by upregulating c-Myc and CyclinD1 as a co-activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natpaphan Yawut
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - So Eun Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
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Yawut N, Kaowinn S, Cho IR, Budluang P, Kim S, Kim S, Youn SE, Koh SS, Chung YH. Translocalization of enhanced PKM2 protein into the nucleus induced by cancer upregulated gene 2 confers cancer stem cell-like phenotypes. BMB Rep 2022; 55:98-103. [PMID: 35000669 PMCID: PMC8891619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased mRNA levels of cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2 have been detected in many different tumor tissues using Affymetrix microarray. Oncogenic capability of the CUG2 gene has been further reported. However, the mechanism by which CUG2 overexpression promotes cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes remains unknown. With recent studies showing that pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2) is overexpressed in clinical tissues from gastric, lung, and cervical cancer patients, we hypothesized that PKM2 might play an important role in CSC-like phenotypes caused by CUG2 overexpression. The present study revealed that PKM2 protein levels and translocation of PKM2 into the nucleus were enhanced in CUG2-overexpressing lung carcinoma A549 and immortalized bronchial BEAS-2B cells than in control cells. Expression levels of c-Myc, CyclinD1, and PKM2 were increased in CUG2-overexpressing cells than in control cells. Furthermore, EGFR and ERK inhibitors as well as suppression of Yap1 and NEK2 expression reduced PKM2 protein levels. Interestingly, knockdown of β-catenin expression failed to reduce PKM2 protein levels. Furthermore, reduction of PKM2 expression with its siRNA hindered CSC-like phenotypes such as faster wound healing, aggressive transwell migration, and increased size/number of sphere formation. The introduction of mutant S37A PKM2-green fluorescence protein (GFP) into cells without ability to move to the nucleus did not confer CSC-like phenotypes, whereas forced expression of wild-type PKM2 promoted such phenotypes. Overall, CUG2-induced increase in the expression of nuclear PKM2 contributes to CSC-like phenotypes by upregulating c-Myc and CyclinD1 as a co-activator. [BMB Reports 2022;55(2): 98-103].
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Affiliation(s)
- Natpaphan Yawut
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seonghye Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- BK21 plus, Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - So Eun Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21 plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Optomechatronics Research Center, Busan 46241, Korea
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8
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Lim J, Kim KW, Ko Y, Jang IY, Lee YS, Chung YH, Lee HC, Lim YS, Kim KM, Shim JH, Choi J, Lee D. The role of muscle depletion and visceral adiposity in HCC patients aged 65 and over undergoing TACE. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1164. [PMID: 34715813 PMCID: PMC8557070 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing among the elderly populations. Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE), a widely used first-line non-curative therapy for HCCs is an issue in geriatrics. We investigated the prognosis of elderly HCC patients treated with TACE and determined the factors that affect the overall survival. Methods We included 266 patients who were older than 65 years and had received TACE as initial treatment for HCC. We analyzed the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) around the third lumbar vertebrae using computed tomography scans. Muscle depletion with visceral adiposity (MDVA) was defined by falling below the median SMI and above the median VSR value sex-specifically. We evaluated the overall survival in association with MDVA and other clinical factors. Results The mean age was 69.9 ± 4.5 years, and 70.3% of the patients were men. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, 29, 136, and 101 patients were classified as BCLC 0, A, and B stages, respectively, and 79 (29.7%) had MDVA. During the median follow-up of 4.1 years, patients with MDVA had a shorter life expectancy than those without MDVA (P = 0.007) even though MDVA group had a higher objective response rate after the first TACE (82.3% vs. 75.9%, P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis revealed that MDVA (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.515) age (HR 1.057), liver function (HR 1.078), tumor size (HR 1.083), serum albumin level (HR 0.523), platelet count (HR 0.996), tumor stage (stage A, HR 1.711; stage B, HR 2.003), and treatment response after the first TACE treatment (HR 0.680) were associated with overall survival. Conclusions MDVA is a critical prognostic factor for predicting survival in the elderly patients with HCC who have undergone TACE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08905-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yousun Ko
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 44-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Choi J, Kim SH, Han S, Lee D, Shim JH, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Lee SG, Kim KH, Kim KM. A simple and clinically applicable model to predict liver-related morbidity after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241808. [PMID: 33152023 PMCID: PMC7643950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Hepatic resection is a treatment option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, factors associated with candidacy for resection and predictive of liver-related morbidity after resection for HCC remain unclear. This study aimed to assess candidacy for liver resection in patients with HCC and to design a model predictive of liver-related morbidity after resection. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 1,565 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC between January 2016 and December 2017 was performed. The primary outcome was liver-related morbidity, including post-hepatectomy biochemical dysfunction (PHBD), ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, rescue liver transplantation, and death from any cause within 90 days. PHBD was defined as international normalized ratio (INR) > 1.5 or hyperbilirubinemia (> 2.9 mg/dL) on postoperative day ≥ 5. RESULTS The 1,565 patients included 1,258 (80.4%) males and 307 (19.6%) females with a mean age of 58.3 years. Of these patients, 646 (41.3%) and 919 (58.7%) patients underwent major and minor liver resection, respectively. Liver-related morbidity was observed in 133 (8.5%) patients, including 77 and 56 patients who underwent major and minor resection, respectively. A total of 83 (5.3%) patients developed PHBD. Multivariate analysis identified cut-off values of the platelet count, serum albumin concentration, and ICG R15 value for predicting liver-related morbidity after resection. A model predicting postoperative liver-related morbidity was developed, which included seven factors: male sex, age ≥ 55 years, ICG R15 value ≥ 15%, major resection, platelet count < 150,000/mm3, serum albumin concentration < 3.5 g/dL, and INR > 1.1. CONCLUSION Hepatic resection for HCC was safe with 90-day liver-related morbidity and mortality rates of 8.5% and 0.8%, respectively. The developed point-based scoring system with seven factors could allow the prediction of the risk of liver-related morbidity after resection for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbong Han
- Department of Applied Statistics, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KMK); (KHK)
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KMK); (KHK)
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10
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Yawut N, Kaewpiboon C, Budluang P, Cho IR, Kaowinn S, Koh SS, Chung YH. Overexpression of Cancer Upregulated Gene 2 (CUG2) Decreases Spry2 Through c-Cbl, Leading to Activation of EGFR and β-Catenin Signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10243-10250. [PMID: 33116878 PMCID: PMC7573319 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s271109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The mechanism by which cancer upregulated gene 2 (CUG2) overexpression induces cancer stem cell-like phenotypes is not fully understood. Because the increased activity and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase have been reported in A549 cancer cells overexpressing CUG2 (A549-CUG2) compared with control cells (A549-Vec), the Sprouty2 (Spry2) protein has gained attention as the downstream molecule of EGFR signaling. Therefore, we aim to identify the role of Spry2 in CUG2-overexpressing lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods Spry2 expression levels were examined in A549-CUG2 and A549-Vec cells by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Cell migration, invasion, and sphere formation were examined after Spry2 suppression and overexpression. EGFR-Stat1 and Akt-ERK protein phosphorylation levels were detected via immunoblotting. NEK2 kinase and β-catenin reporter assay were performed for downstream of Spry2 signaling. Results Although A549-CUG2 cells showed lower levels of the Spry2 protein than A549-Vec cells, no difference in levels of Spry2 transcript was observed between both cells via qRT-PCR. Furthermore, MG132 treatment enhanced the protein levels and ubiquitination of Spry2, suggesting that Spry2 protein expression can be regulated via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The enforced expression of c-Cbl, known as the binding partner of Spry2, decreased the Spry2 protein levels, whereas its knockdown oppositely increased them. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and sphere formation were increased in A549-Vec cells during Spry2 siRNA treatment, confirming the role of Spry2 in CUG2-induced oncogenesis. Furthermore, EMT and sphere formation were determined by the Spry2 protein levels through the regulation of EGFR-Stat1 and β-catenin-NEK2-Yap1 signaling pathways. Conclusion CUG2 reduces Spry2 protein levels, the negative signaling molecule of cell proliferation, via c-Cbl, possibly activating the EGFR and β-catenin signaling pathways and, in turn, contributing to the induction of cancer stem cell-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natpaphan Yawut
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Pattalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Phatcharaporn Budluang
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of General Science and Liberal Arts, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biosciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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11
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Choi GH, Yun J, Choi J, Lee D, Shim JH, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Park B, Kim N, Kim KM. Development of machine learning-based clinical decision support system for hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14855. [PMID: 32908183 PMCID: PMC7481788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a significant discrepancy between the actual choice for initial treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and recommendations from the currently used BCLC staging system. We develop a machine learning-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for recommending initial treatment option in HCC and predicting overall survival (OS). From hospital records of 1,021 consecutive patients with HCC treated at a single centre in Korea between January 2010 and October 2010, we collected information on 61 pretreatment variables, initial treatment, and survival status. Twenty pretreatment key variables were finally selected. We developed the CDSS from the derivation set (N = 813) using random forest method and validated it in the validation set (N = 208). Among the 1,021 patients (mean age: 56.9 years), 81.8% were male and 77.0% had positive hepatitis B BCLC stages 0, A, B, C, and D were observed in 13.4%, 26.0%, 18.0%, 36.6%, and 6.3% of patients, respectively. The six multi-step classifier model was developed for treatment decision in a hierarchical manner, and showed good performance with 81.0% of accuracy for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or resection versus not, 88.4% for RFA versus resection, and 76.8% for TACE or not. We also developed seven survival prediction models for each treatment option. Our newly developed HCC-CDSS model showed good performance in terms of treatment recommendation and OS prediction and may be used as a guidance in deciding the initial treatment option for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jihye Yun
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Beomhee Park
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namkug Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine and Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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12
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Kaowinn S, Seo EJ, Heo W, Bae JH, Park EJ, Lee S, Kim YJ, Koh SS, Jang IH, Shin DH, Chung YH. Cancer upregulated gene 2 (CUG2), a novel oncogene, promotes stemness-like properties via the NPM1-TGF-β signaling axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1278-1284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Choi J, Choi GH, Lee D, Shim JH, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Kim KM. Long-term clinical outcomes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis according to treatment response in Asian country. Liver Int 2019; 39:985-994. [PMID: 30821090 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS As surrogate markers for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are convenient to measure under immunosuppression. However, the long-term prognosis of patients who achieve complete biochemical remission (CBR) in comparison with patients who achieve only biochemical remission (BR) is uncertain. METHODS A total of 291 patients (89.7% female) diagnosed with AIH were retrospectively reviewed. CBR was defined as normal ALT and IgG levels with immunosuppression, while BR was defined as normal ALT levels. CBR was further divided into early CBR (<1year) and late CBR (≥1year) by the timing of remission. Liver-related adverse outcomes including liver-related death, liver transplantation and hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated. RESULTS With immunosuppressive treatment, 222 (76.3%) patients achieved CBR (early CBR: 168 and late CBR: 54). BR was achieved in 55 (18.9%) patients and 14 (4.8%) patients remained non-remission. With a median follow-up duration of 6.6 years, the risk of liver-related mortality was the lowest in patients with CBR, followed by patients with late CBR, BR and non-response. The cumulative risk of liver-related adverse outcomes was the highest in patients with non-response (8.51/100 person-years [PYs]), followed by BR (1.95/100 PYs), late CBR (1.89/100 PYs) and early CBR (0.75/100 PYs). By multivariable analysis, age, cirrhosis and treatment responses were independently associated with liver-related adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CBR within 1 year after treatment initiation had the lowest risk of liver-related adverse outcomes. Patients with late CBR and those with only BR had a comparable risk of long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Boonying W, Joselin A, Huang E, Qu D, Safarpour F, Iyirhiaro GO, Gonzalez YR, Callaghan SM, Slack RS, Figeys D, Chung YH, Park DS. Pink1 regulates FKBP5 interaction with AKT/PHLPP and protects neurons from neurotoxin stress induced by MPP .. J Neurochem 2019; 150:312-329. [PMID: 30734931 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) gene have been linked with an autosomal recessive familial form of early onset Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for degeneration remains elusive. Presently, using co-immunoprecipitation in HEK (Human embryonic kidney) 293 cells, we show that Pink1 endogenously interacts with FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51 or FKBP5), FKBP5 and directly phosphorylates FKBP5 at Serine in an in vitro kinase assay. Both FKBP5 and Pink1 have been previously associated with protein kinase B (AKT) regulation. We provide evidence using primary cortical cultured neurons from Pink1-deficient mice that Pink1 increases AKT phosphorylation at Serine 473 (Ser473) challenged by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and that over-expression of FKBP5 using an adeno-associated virus delivery system negatively regulates AKT phosphorylation at Ser473 in murine-cultured cortical neurons. Interestingly, FKBP5 over-expression promotes death in response to MPP+ in the absence of Pink1. Conversely, shRNA-mediated knockdown of FKBP5 in cultured cortical neurons is protective and this effect is reversed with inhibition of AKT signaling. In addition, shRNA down-regulation of PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) in Pink1 WT neurons increases neuronal survival, while down-regulation of PHLPP in Pink1 KO rescues neuronal death in response to MPP+ . Finally, using co-immunoprecipitation, we show that FKBP5 interacts with the kinase AKT and phosphatase PHLPP. This interaction is increased in the absence of Pink1, both in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEF) and in mouse brain tissue. Expression of kinase dead Pink1 (K219M) enhances FKBP5 interaction with both AKT and PHLPP. Overall, our results suggest a testable model by which Pink1 could regulate AKT through phosphorylation of FKBP5 and interaction of AKT with PHLPP. Our results suggest a potential mechanism by which PINK1-FKBP5 pathway contributes to neuronal death in PD. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassamon Boonying
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alvin Joselin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - En Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dianbo Qu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Safarpour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Grace O Iyirhiaro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yasmilde Rodriguez Gonzalez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Steve M Callaghan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - David S Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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15
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Son Y, An Y, Jung J, Shin S, Park I, Gwak J, Ju BG, Chung YH, Na M, Oh S. Protopine isolated from Nandina domestica induces apoptosis and autophagy in colon cancer cells by stabilizing p53. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1689-1696. [PMID: 30932278 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays essential roles in cellular protection mechanisms against a variety of stress stimuli and its activation induces apoptosis or autophagy in certain cancer cells. Here, we identified protopine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Nandina domestica, as an activator of the p53 pathway from cell-based natural compound screening based on p53-responsive transcription. Protopine increased the p53-mediated transcriptional activity and promoted p53 phosphorylation at the Ser15 residue, resulting in stabilization of p53 protein. Moreover, protopine up-regulated the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and BAX, downstream genes of p53, and inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 colon cancer cells. Apoptosis was elicited by protopine as indicated by caspase-3/7 activation, poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, and increased population of Annexin V-FITC-positive cells. Furthermore, protopine induced the formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) puncta and LC3-II turnover, typical biochemical markers of autophagy, in HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that protopine exerts its antiproliferative activity by stimulating the p53 pathway and may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younglim Son
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younju An
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon Jung
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Shin
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - InWha Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsug Gwak
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gun Ju
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kaowinn S, Oh S, Moon J, Yoo AY, Kang HY, Lee MR, Kim JE, Hwang DY, Youn SE, Koh SS, Chung YH. CGK062, a small chemical molecule, inhibits cancer upregulated gene 2‑induced oncogenesis through NEK2 and β‑catenin. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1295-1305. [PMID: 30968157 PMCID: PMC6411349 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms through which cancer‑upregulated gene 2 (CUG2), a novel oncogene, affects Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, essential for tumorigenesis, are unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate some of these mechanisms in A549 lung cancer cells. Under the overexpression of CUG2, the protein levels and activity of β‑catenin were evaluated by western blot analysis and luciferase assay. To examine a biological consequence of β‑catenin under CUG2 overexpression, cell migration, invasion and sphere formation assay were performed. The upregulation of β‑catenin induced by CUG2 overexpression was also accessed by xenotransplantation in mice. We first found that CUG2 overexpression increased β‑catenin expression and activity. The suppression of β‑catenin decreased cancer stem cell (CSC)‑like phenotypes, indicating that β‑catenin is involved in CUG2‑mediated CSC‑like phenotypes. Notably, CUG2 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of β‑catenin at Ser33/Ser37, which is known to recruit E3 ligase for β‑catenin degradation. Moreover, CUG2 interacted with and enhanced the expression and kinase activity of never in mitosis gene A‑related kinase 2 (NEK2). Recombinant NEK2 phosphorylated β‑catenin at Ser33/Ser37, while NEK2 knockdown decreased the phosphorylation of β‑catenin, suggesting that NEK2 is involved in the phosphorylation of β‑catenin at Ser33/Ser37. Treatment with CGK062, a small chemical molecule, which promotes the phosphorylation of β‑catenin at Ser33/Ser37 through protein kinase C (PKC)α to induce its degradation, reduced β‑catenin levels and inhibited the CUG2‑induced features of malignant tumors, including increased cell migration, invasion and sphere formation. Furthermore, CGK062 treatment suppressed CUG2‑mediated tumor formation in nude mice. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that CUG2 enhances the phosphorylation of β‑catenin at Ser33/Ser37 by activating NEK2, thus stabilizing β‑catenin. CGK062 may thus have potential for use as a therapeutic drug against CUG2‑overexpressing lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichat Kaowinn
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moon
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Rim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - So Eun Youn
- Department of Biosciences, Dong‑A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biosciences, Dong‑A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Kaowinn S, Yawut N, Koh SS, Chung YH. Cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2 elevates YAP1 expression, leading to enhancement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:122-128. [PMID: 30771899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although our previous studies have showed that a novel oncogene, cancer upregulated gene (CUG)2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the detailed molecular mechanism remains unknown. Because several lines of evidence documented that Yes-Associated Protein (YAP)1 is closely associated with cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotypes including EMT, stemness, and drug resistance, we wondered if YAP1 is involved in CUG2-induced EMT. We herein found that the overexpression of CUG2 increased YAP1 expression at the transcriptional as well as protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the elevated YAP1 transcripts are attributed to c-Jun and AP2 bindings to the YAP1 promoter. Akt and MAPK kinases including ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK enhanced the level of YAP1 protein. In spite of a close relationship between β-catenin and YAP1, not β-catenin but NEK2 played the role in increasing YAP1 expression. Silencing YAP1 inhibited CUG2-induced cell migration and invasion. N-cadherin and vimentin expressions were decreased during YAP1 knockdown. The suppression of YAP1 diminished TGF-β transcriptional activity and expression as well as phosphorylation level of Smad2 and Twist protein. Conversely, LY2109761 or Smad2 siRNA treatment reduced YAP1 protein levels, indicating a close interplay between YAP1 and TGF-β signaling. Taken together, we suggest that CUG2 induces up-regulation of YAP1 expression, leading to enhancing CUG2-induced EMT via a close crosstalk between YAP1 and TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichat Kaowinn
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Natpaphan Yawut
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biosciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21 Plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Yoo JS, Cho KH, Hong JS, Jang HS, Chung YH, Kwon GT, Shin DG, Kim YY. Nutrient ileal digestibility evaluation of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae compared to three animal protein by-products in growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 32:387-394. [PMID: 30381730 PMCID: PMC6409481 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was to investigate the nutrient ileal digestibility of dried mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae and compare with those of three animal protein by-products in growing pigs. Methods A total of 12 crossbred ([Landrace×Yorkshire]×Duroc) growing pigs with average body weights of 24.12±0.68 kg were surgically equipped with simple T-cannulas after being deprived of feed for 24 h according to published surgical procedures. These pigs had a recovery period of two weeks. A total of 12 pigs were assigned to individual metabolic crates and allotted to one of four treatments with 3 replicates in a fully randomized design. Dietary treatments included the following: i) Fish meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% fish meal; ii) Meat meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% meat meal; iii) Poultry meal, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% poultry meal; iv) Tenebrio molitor, corn-vegetable by-product basal diet+9.95% dried Tenebrio molitor larvae. Results Results showed that the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Lys was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal diet. Pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet showed increased (p<0.05) AID of His and Arg compared to pigs fed Fish meal or Meat meal diet. The AID of Cys was increased (p<0.05) in pigs fed poultry meal and Tenebrio molitor diets compared to that in pigs fish meal diet. Pigs fed meat meal, poultry meal, and Tenebrio molitor diets showed higher (p<0.05) standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of total energy compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. The SID of Arg was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed Tenebrio molitor diet than that in pigs fed fish meal or meat meal diet. Furthermore, pigs fed poultry meal or Tenebrio molitor diets showed increased (p<0.05) SID of Cys compared to pigs fed fish meal diet. Conclusion In conclusion, providing pigs with diets that contained Tenebrio molitor larvae meal improved AID and SID of nutrients as well as essential and non-essential amino acids. The digestibility of dried mealworm larvae protein and its utilization in vivo are also good. Therefore, dried mealworm larvae protein can be used as protein source at 10% level in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Yoo
- Daehan feed Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Incheon 22300, Korea
| | - K H Cho
- Daehan feed Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Incheon 22300, Korea
| | - J S Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - H S Jang
- Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju 54810, Korea
| | - Y H Chung
- Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonju 54810, Korea
| | - G T Kwon
- Berry & Biofood Research Institute, Jeonbuk, Gochang, 56417, Korea
| | - D G Shin
- Berry & Biofood Research Institute, Jeonbuk, Gochang, 56417, Korea
| | - Y Y Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lee HS, Choi J, Son T, Lee EJ, Kim JG, Ryu SH, Lee D, Jang MK, Yu E, Chung YH, Gelman IH, Kim KW. A-kinase anchoring protein 12 is downregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its deficiency in mice aggravates thioacetamide-induced liver injury. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5907-5915. [PMID: 30344741 PMCID: PMC6176350 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AKAP12 belongs to A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) family of scaffold proteins and is known as a tumor suppressor in several human cancer types. Its role as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was proposed due to its downregulation and epigenetic modification in human HCC; however, the effect of its deficiency on liver injuries, such as liver fibrosis and cancer has been poorly studied. By analyzing tumor and non-tumor tissues of 15 patients with HCC, it was confirmed that AKAP12 expression was downregulated in human HCC as compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues. Immunohistochemical staining of mouse liver tissue for AKAP12 revealed that its sinusoidal expression was diminished in capillarized endothelium after 8 weeks of thioacetamide (TAA) administration. AKAP12 deficiency resulted in the promotion of ductular response of biliary epithelial cells, whereas overall fibrosis and myofibroblast activation were comparable between genotypes after short-term TAA treatment. The mRNA expressions of some fibrosis-related genes such as those encoding epithelial cell adhesion molecule, collagen type 1 α1 and elastin were upregulated in liver tissues of AKAP12-knockout mice. Long-term administration of TAA for 26 weeks led to the development of liver tumors; the incidence of tumor development was higher in AKAP12-deficient mice than in wild-type littermates. Together, these results suggest that AKAP12 functions as a tumor suppressor in liver cancer and is associated with the regulation of hepatic non-parenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Shin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Gyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul 04551, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon 25354, Republic of Korea
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Kaowinn S, Kaewpiboon C, Koh SS, Krämer OH, Chung YH. STAT1‑HDAC4 signaling induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and sphere formation of cancer cells overexpressing the oncogene, CUG2. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2619-2627. [PMID: 30226605 PMCID: PMC6151883 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the novel oncogene, cancer upregulated gene 2 (CUG2), activates STAT1, which is linked to anticancer drug resistance, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell-like phenotypes as determined by MTT, migration and sphere formation assays. We thus aimed to ascertain whether the activation of STAT1 by CUG2 is involved in these malignant phenotypes besides drug resistance. Here, we showed that STAT1 suppression decreased the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin, biomarkers of EMT, which led to inhibition of the migration and invasion of human lung A549 cancer cells stably expressing CUG2, but did not recover E-cadherin expression. STAT1 siRNA also diminished CUG2-induced TGF-β signaling, which is critical in EMT, and TGF-β transcriptional activity. Conversely, inhibition of TGF-β signaling reduced phosphorylation of STAT1, indicating a crosstalk between STAT1 and TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, STAT1 silencing diminished sphere formation, which was supported by downregulation of stemness-related factors such as Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog. Constitutive suppression of STAT1 also inhibited cell migration, invasion and sphere formation. As STAT1 acetylation counteracts STAT1 phosphorylation, acetylation of STAT1 by treatment with trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), reduced cell migration, invasion, and sphere formation. As HDAC4 is known to target STAT1, its role was investigated under CUG2 overexpression. HDAC4 suppression resulted in inhibition of cell migration, invasion, and sphere formation as HDAC4 silencing hindered TGF-β signaling and decreased expression of Sox2 and Nanog. Taken together, we suggest that STAT1-HDAC4 signaling induces malignant tumor features such as EMT and sphere formation in CUG2-overexpressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichat Kaowinn
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong‑A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz D‑55131, Germany
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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21
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Lee D, Jang MK, Seo JH, Ryu SH, Kim JA, Chung YH. ARD1/NAA10 in hepatocellular carcinoma: pathways and clinical implications. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30054466 PMCID: PMC6063946 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a representative example of a malignancy with a poor prognosis, is characterized by high mortality because it is typically in an advanced stage at diagnosis and leaves very little hepatic functional reserve. Despite advances in medical and surgical techniques, there is no omnipotent tool that can diagnose HCC early and then cure it medically or surgically. Several recent studies have shown that a variety of pathways are involved in the development, growth, and even metastasis of HCC. Among a variety of cytokines or molecules, some investigators have suggested that arrest-defective 1 (ARD1), an acetyltransferase, plays a key role in the development of malignancies. Although ARD1 is thought to be centrally involved in the cell cycle, cell migration, apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation, the role of ARD1 and its potential mechanistic involvement in HCC remain unclear. Here, we review the present literature on ARD1. First, we provide an overview of the essential structure, functions, and molecular mechanisms or pathways of ARD1 in HCC. Next, we discuss potential clinical implications and perspectives. We hope that, by providing new insights into ARD1, this review will help to guide the next steps in the development of markers for the early detection and prognosis of HCC. A protein that is highly expressed in cancer with extensive blood vessel development may provide a potential biomarker for early-stage liver cancer. Liver cancer is often not diagnosed until it is advanced and is also hard to be cured despite of advances in treatment, meaning patients often die from the disease. No tools for early detection or prognosis prediction exist, and scientists are keen to find useful biomarker molecules. Young-Hwa Chung at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, and co-workers in South Korea reviewed recent research into one possible cancer-related protein, arrest-defective 1 (ARD1), known to be highly expressed in certain cancers and possibly associated with poor prognosis. While ARD1 appears to regulate pathways critical to cancer progression and promote cancer cell invasiveness, further in-depth investigations are needed to clarify its specific role in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Ha Y, Lee D, Shim JH, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Park SR, Ryu MH, Ryoo BY, Kang YK, Kim KM. Role of transarterial chemoembolization in relation with sorafenib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:74303-74313. [PMID: 27494871 PMCID: PMC5342054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sorafenib is considered standard therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), actual treatments vary. We evaluated the effects of different treatment strategies on overall survival. METHODS A retrospective study of sorafenib-treated patients with advanced HCC was conducted. The primary outcome was overall survival. Prognostic factors were analyzed using multivariate Cox-proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 658 patients (mean age, 54.5 years; 83.3% male) were analyzed; 293, 129, and 236 patients were treated with sorafenib, a combination therapy of sorafenib and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and TACE followed by sorafenib, respectively. Overall, 51.2% of patients treated under the combination strategy had portal vein invasion, whereas 89.9% of patients receiving sorafenib monotherapy had distant metastasis. Median overall survival durations were comparable (11.8 months for sorafenib, 16.2 months for the combination therapy, and 13.5 months for TACE followed by sorafenib; P = 0.13). However, among portal vein invasion cases, combination (25.7 months, P = 0.002) and TACE followed by sorafenib (14.0 months, P = 0.030) treatments were associated with longer overall survival duration compared with than sorafenib monotherapy (5.5 months). In a multivariate model, sorafenib duration (hazard ratio [HR], 0.96, P < 0.001) and TACE (HR, 0.24, P < 0.001) along with Child-Pugh stage (HR, 1.83, P = 0.005) were associated with better survival. CONCLUSIONS In patients with portal vein invasion, TACE performed concurrently with or before sorafenib administration is associated with better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.,Department of Gastroenterology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Ryun Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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An J, Kim JW, Shim JH, Han S, Yu CS, Choe J, Lee D, Kim KM, Lim YS, Chung YH, Lee YS, Suh DJ, Kim JH, Lee HC. Chronic hepatitis B infection and non-hepatocellular cancers: A hospital registry-based, case-control study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193232. [PMID: 29543815 PMCID: PMC5854295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior epidemiological evidences suggest that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is linked to cancers other than hepatocellular carcinoma. This prospective hospital registry-based case-control study aimed to investigate the sero-epidemiological association between chronic HBV infection and various types of cancer. Methods 95,034 patients with first-diagnosed non-hepatocellular malignancy in a tertiary hospital between 2007 and 2014; and 118,891 non-cancer individuals as controls from a health promotion center were included. Cases and controls were compared for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity by conditional regression with adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status and cholesterol level in both genders. Results An analysis of matched data indicated significant associations of HBV infection with lymphoma (adjusted odds ratio[AOR] 1.53 [95% CI 1.12–2.09] in men and 3.04 [1.92–4.82] in women) and biliary cancer (2.59[1.98–3.39] in men and 1.71[1.16–2.51] in women). Cervical (1.49[1.11–2.00]), uterine (1.69[1.09–2.61]), breast (1.16[1.02–1.32]), thyroid (1.49[1.28–1.74]), and lung cancers (1.79[1.32–2.44]) in women; and skin cancer (5.33[1.55–18.30]) in men were also significantly related to HBV infection. Conclusions Chronic HBV infection is associated with several malignant disorders including lymphoma, and biliary, cervical, uterine, breast, thyroid, lung, and skin cancers. Our findings may offer additional insights into the development of these neoplasms and may suggest the need to consider HBV screening in cancer patients and cancer surveillance in HBV-infected subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbong Han
- Department of Applied Statistics, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sik Yu
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- The Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Suh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vievisnamuh Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HCL); (JHK)
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HCL); (JHK)
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24
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Kaowinn S, Kim J, Lee J, Shin DH, Kang CD, Kim DK, Lee S, Kang MK, Koh SS, Kim SJ, Chung YH. Cancer upregulated gene 2 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human lung cancer cells via TGF-β signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:5092-5110. [PMID: 27974707 PMCID: PMC5354895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer upregulated gene 2 (CUG2) enhances cell migration and invasion, but the underlying mechanism has not been revealed. Herein, CUG2 decreased the expression of E-cadherin and increased the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin, characteristics of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A CUG2 deletion mutant, lacking interaction with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), or suppression of NPM1 reduced wound healing and cell invasion, indicating that CUG2-mediated EMT requires NPM1. CUG2 enhanced activation of Smad2/3 and expression of Snail and Twist, while the CUG2 silence decreased these TGF-β signaling pathways, leading to suppression of EMT. NPM silence also inhibited the CUG2-induced TGF-β signaling. These results suggest that TGF-β signaling is involved in CUG2-induced EMT. Treatment with EW-7197, a novel inhibitor of TGF-β signaling, diminished CUG2-mediated EMT and inhibition of Akt, ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK, non-canonical TGF-β signaling molecules, also decreased expression of Smad2/3, Snail and Twist, leading to inhibition of EMT. The results confirm that TGF-β signaling is essential for CUG2-mediated EMT. Interestingly, TGF-β enhanced CUG2 expression. We further found that both CUG2-induced TGF-β production and TGF-β-induced CUG2 up-regulation required a physical interaction between Sp1 and Smad2/3 in the CUG2 and TGF-β promoter, as demonstrated by a promoter reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, and ChIP assay. These results indicated close crosstalk between CUG2 and TGF-β. Conversely, suppression of CUG2 or NPM1 did not completely inhibit TGF-β-induced EMT, indicating that the effect of TGF-β on EMT is dominant over the effect of CUG2 on EMT. Collectively, our findings suggest that CUG2 induces the EMT via TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichat Kaowinn
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyo Kim
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Dug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kee Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, EwhaWomans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- CHA Cancer Institute and Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul 135-081, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Lee D, Lee HC, An J, Shim JH, Kim KM, Lim YS, Chung YH, Lee YS. Comparison of surgical resection versus transarterial chemoembolization with additional radiation therapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion. Clin Mol Hepatol 2018; 24:144-150. [PMID: 29665630 PMCID: PMC6038940 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2017.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Portal vein invasion (PVI) is a poor prognostic factor in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We intended to compare the effects of surgical resection and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with additional radiation therapy (RT) in HCC patients with PVI. Methods The subjects comprised 43 patients who underwent surgical resection for HCC with PVI without previous treatment and another 43 patients who received TACE followed by RT (TACE+RT) as initial treatment who were matched for Child-Pugh class, tumor size, and extent of PVI. Disease progression and death after the treatment were examined, and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups. Predisposing factors affecting OS were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses in HCC patients with PVI. Results The subjects (Age [51, 24-74; median, range], Sex [81/13; male/female], Etiology [78/1/15; hepatitis B virus {HBV}/ hepatitis C virus {HCV}/non-HBV and non-HCV]) were followed for a median of 17 (2-68) months. There were no differences in clinical or tumor characteristics between the resection and TACE+RT groups. The cumulative PFS was not significantly different between groups. The median PFS was 5.6 and 4.0 months in the resection and TACE+RT groups, respectively. However, the cumulative OS was significantly longer in patients treated with resection than in those treated with TACE+RT (P=0.04). The median OS was 26.9 and 14.2 months in the resection and TACE+RT groups, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that surgical resection was an independent predictive factor for better survival outcome. Conclusions Surgical resection might be an effective treatment in HCC patients with PVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JK, Kim HD, Jun MJ, Yun SC, Shim JH, Lee HC, Lee D, An J, Lim YS, Chung YH, Lee YS, Kim KM. Correction to: Tumor Volume Doubling Time as a Dynamic Prognostic Marker for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3259. [PMID: 29027652 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in corresponding author e-mail. It was submitted and published as kimkim70@amc.seoul.kr instead of kimkm70@amc.seoul.kr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kwan Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Jun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Department of Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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27
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Kim JK, Kim HD, Jun MJ, Yun SC, Shim JH, Lee HC, Lee D, An J, Lim YS, Chung YH, Lee YS, Kim KM. Tumor Volume Doubling Time as a Dynamic Prognostic Marker for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2923-2931. [PMID: 28815349 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the clinical value of tumor growth rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, we investigated the growth rate of HCC by calculating the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) and its impact on survival and recurrence. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 269 HCC patients who underwent two or more pretreatment imaging studies of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Tumor growth rate and TVDT were calculated by comparing tumor volumes between imaging studies. Clinical parameters independently related to a TVDT of <2 months were evaluated. After dividing patients into slow-growing (159 patients with TVDT >2 months) and rapid-growing (110 patients with TVDT <2 months) groups, we compared the groups in terms of their survival and recurrence outcomes. The response to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was evaluated according to TVDT. RESULTS The median tumor growth rate and TVDT were 37.5%/month and 2.37 months, respectively. By logistic regression analyses, a high Child-Pugh score, small initial tumor diameter, gross vascular invasion, and tumor multiplicity were found to be independently associated with a TVDT of <2 months (P < 0.05). Patients in the rapid-growing group had lower survival rates and higher recurrence rates (P < 0.05). The response to TACE was worse in the rapid-growing group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A fast HCC growth rate is associated with poor liver function and aggressive tumor biology. HCC patients with shorter TVDTs exhibit poorer survival and recurrence outcomes as well as a poor response to TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Kwan Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Jun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Sung-Cheol Yun
- Department of Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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Lee EJ, Seo JH, Park JH, Vo TTL, An S, Bae SJ, Le H, Lee HS, Wee HJ, Lee D, Chung YH, Kim JA, Jang MK, Ryu SH, Yu E, Jang SH, Park ZY, Kim KW. SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68517-68529. [PMID: 28978134 PMCID: PMC5620274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by acetylation, which promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells. SAMHD1 is acetylated at residue lysine 405 (K405) in vitro and in vivo by an acetylatransferase, arrest defective protein 1 (ARD1). Acetylated SAMHD1 wildtype proteins have enhanced dNTPase activity in vitro, whereas non-acetylated arginine substituted mutants (K405R) do not. K405R mutant expressing cancer cells have reduced G1/S transition and slower proliferation compared to wildtype. SAMHD1 acetylation levels are strongest during the G1 phase, indicating a role during G1 phase. Collectively, these findings suggest that SAMHD1 acetylation enhances its dNTPase activity and promotes cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, SAMHD1 acetylation may be a potent therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Lee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tam Thuy Lu Vo
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sunho An
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hoang Le
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Shin Lee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Wee
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | | | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 05355, Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul 04551, Korea
| | - Ensil Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Se Hwan Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Zee Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- SNU-Harvard NeuroVascular Protection Research Center, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
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Kaewpiboon C, Boonnak N, Kaowinn S, Chung YH. Formoxanthone C, isolated from Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum, reverses anticancer drug resistance by inducing both apoptosis and autophagy in human A549 lung cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:820-825. [PMID: 29402743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) cancer toward cancer chemotherapy is one of the obstacles in cancer therapy. Therefore, it is of interested to use formoxanthone C (1,3,5,6-tetraoxygenated xanthone; XanX), a natural compound, which showed cytotoxicity against MDR human A549 lung cancer (A549RT-eto). The treatment with XanX induced not only apoptosis- in A549RT-eto cells, but also autophagy-cell death. Inhibition of apoptosis did not block XanX-induced autophagy in A549RT-eto cells. Furthermore, suppression of autophagy by beclin-1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) did not interrupt XanX-induced apoptosis, indicating that XanX can separately induce apoptosis and autophagy. Of interest, XanX treatment reduced levels of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) protein overexpressed in A549RT-etocells. The co-treatment with XanX and HDAC4 siRNA accelerated both autophagy and apoptosis more than that by XanX treatment alone, suggesting survival of HDAC4 in A549RT-eto cells. XanX reverses etoposide resistance in A549RT-eto cells by induction of both autophagy and apoptosis, and confers cytotoxicity through down-regulation of HDAC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93210, Thailand.
| | - Nawong Boonnak
- Department of Basic Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Songkhla 90000, Thailand
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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An J, Lee KS, Kim KM, Park DH, Lee SS, Lee D, Shim JH, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Clinical features and outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma complicated with bile duct invasion. Clin Mol Hepatol 2017; 23:160-169. [PMID: 28506055 PMCID: PMC5497660 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2016.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Little is known about the treatment or outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated with bile duct invasion. Methods A total of 247 consecutive HCC patients with bile duct invasion at initial diagnosis were retrospectively included. Results The majority of patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C HCC (66.8%). Portal vein tumor thrombosis was present in 166 (67.2%) patients. Median survival was 4.1 months. Various modalities of treatment were initially employed including surgical resection (10.9%), repeated transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) (42.5%), and conservative management (42.9%). Among the patients with obstructive jaundice (n=88), successful biliary drainage was associated with better overall survival rate. Among the patients with BCLC stage C, overall survival differed depending on the initial treatment for HCC; surgical resection, TACE, systemic chemotherapy, and conservative management showed overall survival rates of 11.5, 6.0 ,2.4, and 1.6 months, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, surgical resection and repeated TACE were significant prognostic factors for HCC patients with bile duct invasion (hazard ratios 0.47 and 0.39, Ps <0.001, respectively). Conclusions The survival of HCC patients with bile duct invasion at initial diagnosis is generally poor. However, aggressive treatments for HCC such as resection or biliary drainage may be beneficial therapeutic options for patients with preserved liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee SB, Kim KM, An J, Lee D, Shim JH, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Clinical characteristics and potential aetiologies of non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus endemic area. Liver Int 2016; 36:1351-61. [PMID: 26913702 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated potential aetiologies, clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-B non-C (NBNC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemic area, according to potential causes such as previous HBV exposure, chronic alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among 4690 HCC patients treated at Asan Medical Center between 2007 and 2009, 523 were newly diagnosed with NBNC HCC, and their medical records and survival data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Among 321 NBNC HCC patients whose hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) test results were available, 81.0%, 37.1% and 15.5% had anti-HBc positivity, chronic alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome respectively. One-hundred and fifty-two patients (47.4%) had previous exposure to HBV without chronic alcohol intake or metabolic syndrome. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) was positive in 48.0% of the 523 NBNC HCC patients, which was much lower than that in general Korean population, and 52.3% of anti-HBc-positive NBNC HCC patients were negative for anti-HBs. Anti-HBc-negative alcoholic patients presented with more advanced cirrhosis with Child-Pugh class B/C liver function than anti-HBc-positive patients (P = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, baseline liver function, alpha-foetoprotein levels and tumour stage were significant prognostic factors and aetiology did not affect patient survival. CONCLUSIONS Prior HBV infection could be a potential aetiology in over 40% of NBNC HCC patients in HBV endemic area. Positivity for anti-HBc and negativity for anti-HBs may be a serologic surrogate marker for occult HBV infection in these area. The prognosis of NBNC HCC was determined by tumour stage and underlying liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bum Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lee D, Lyu H, Chung YH, Kim JA, Mathews P, Jaffee E, Zheng L, Yu E, Lee YJ, Ryu SH. Genomic change in hepatitis B virus associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5393-5399. [PMID: 27340355 PMCID: PMC4910660 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the genomic changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and evaluate their role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
METHODS: Two hundred and forty chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were subjected and followed for a median of 105 mo. HCC was diagnosed in accordance with AASLD guidelines. The whole X, S, basal core promoter (BCP), and precore regions of HBV were sequenced using the direct sequencing method.
RESULTS: All of the subjects were infected with genotype C HBV. Out of 240 CHB patients, 25 (10%) had C1653T and 33 (14%) had T1753V mutation in X region; 157 (65%) had A1762T/G1764A mutations in BCP region, 50 (21%) had G1896A mutation in precore region and 67 (28%) had pre-S deletions. HCC occurred in 6 patients (3%). The prevalence of T1753V mutation was significantly higher in patients who developed HCC than in those without HCC. The cumulative occurrence rates of HCC were 5% and 19% at 10 and 15 years, respectively, in patients with T1753V mutant, which were significantly higher than 1% and 1% in those with wild type HBV (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The presence of T1753V mutation in HBV X-gene significantly increases the risk of HCC development in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
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Moon J, Kaowinn S, Cho IR, Min DS, Myung H, Oh S, Kaewpiboon C, Kraemer OH, Chung YH. Hepatitis C virus core protein enhances hepatocellular carcinoma cells to be susceptible to oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus through down-regulation of HDAC4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:428-434. [PMID: 27150631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein is known to possess potential oncogenic activity, we explored whether oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) could efficiently induce cytolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells stably expressing HCV core protein (Hep3B-Core). We found that Hep3B-Core cells were more susceptible to VSV as compared to control (Hep3B-Vec) cells owing to core-mediated inactivation of STAT1 and STAT2 proteins. Core expression induced lower phosphorylation levels of type I IFN signaling proteins such as Tyk2 and Jak1, and a reduced response to exogenous IFN-α, which resulted in susceptibility to VSV. Furthermore, as STAT1 acetylation by switching phosphorylation regulated its activity, the role of STAT1 acetylation in susceptibility of Hep3B-Core cells to VSV was investigated. Treatment with trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), increased STAT1 acetylation but blocked IFN-α-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, leading to increase of susceptibility to VSV. Interestingly, the core protein decreased HDCA4 transcript levels, leading to down-regulation of HDAC4 protein. However, ectopic expression of HDAC4 conversely enforced phosphorylation of STAT1 and hindered VSV replication, indicating that core-mediated reduction of HDAC4 provides a suitable intracellular circumstance for VSV replication. Collectively, we suggest that VSV treatment will be a useful therapeutic strategy for HCV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma cells because HCV core protein suppresses the anti-viral threshold by down-regulation of the STAT1-HDAC4 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Moon
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea
| | - Sirichat Kaowinn
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Rae Cho
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Myung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In, 449-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thakshin University, Phatthalung, 93210, Thailand
| | - Olive H Kraemer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Jena, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Republic of Korea.
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An J, Shim JH, Kim SO, Choi J, Kim SW, Lee D, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Suh DJ. Comprehensive outcomes of on- and off-antiviral prophylaxis in hepatitis B patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy: A competing risks analysis. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1576-86. [PMID: 26945543 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although antiviral prophylaxis is essential in hepatitis B patients in the context of cancer chemotherapy, there is little evidence-based consensus regarding the appropriate prevention strategy depending on the underlying type of cancer and viral status. This retrospective study included a comprehensive cohort of 302 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients with various cancers undergoing chemotherapy and antiviral prophylaxis. The rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during antiviral therapy (>1 log10 IU/mL increase or positive conversion of serum HBV DNA) and relapse when off antivirals ([re]appearance of HBV DNA >2,000 IU/ml with related alanine aminotransferase elevation) were evaluated, together with the associated risk factors, in a competing risks analysis where cancer death was considered as the competing event. During antiviral prophylaxis, HBV was reactivated in six patients (1.9%), who had leukemia (n = 4) or lymphoma (n = 2) and were treated with lamivudine (n = 4) or entecavir (n = 2). The incidence rate of HBV relapse in 127 off-prophylaxis patients was 21.3% during a median post-antiviral period of 11.7 months. Lymphoma, pre-prophylactic HBV DNA ≥2,000 IU/ml, and age ≥50 years were independent predictors of off-treatment HBV relapse (adjusted hazard ratios 5.25, 3.07, and 0.34, respectively; Ps < 0.05). Antiviral and anticancer drugs, duration of consolidation on antiviral prophylaxis, and HBeAg positivity were not independent predictors. In conclusion, hepatitis B flare-ups are not rare in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy during and after anti-HBV prophylaxis, even when potent antivirals are used. Patients with hematopoietic or lymphoid neoplasms or high viral burdens should receive prolonged and powerful HBV prophylaxis. J. Med. Virol. 88:1576-1586, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ok Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonggi Choi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vievisnamuh Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Do KT, Cho HW, Badrinath N, Park JW, Choi JY, Chung YH, Lee HK, Song KD, Cho BW. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Creatine Kinase Muscle (CK-M) Gene in Horse. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1680-5. [PMID: 26580434 PMCID: PMC4647075 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient days, domestic horses have been closely associated with human civilization. Today, horse racing is an important industry. Various genes involved in energy production and muscle contraction are differentially regulated during a race. Among them, creatine kinase (CK) is well known for its regulation of energy preservation in animal cells. CK is an iso-enzyme, encoded by different genes and expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and leucocytes. We confirmed that the expression of CK-M significantly increased in the blood after a 30 minute exercise period, while no considerable change was observed in skeletal muscle. Analysis of various tissues showed an ubiquitous expression of the CK-M gene in the horse; CK-M mRNA expression was predominant in the skeletal muscle and the cardiac muscle compared to other tissues. An evolutionary study by synonymous and non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism ratio of CK-M gene revealed a positive selection that was conserved in the horse. More studies are warranted in order to develop the expression of CK-M gene as a biomarker in blood of thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Tak Do
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea ; Department of Equine Sciences, Sorabol College, Gyeongju 780-711, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Narayanasamy Badrinath
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Park
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-702, Korea
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Lee S, Han S, Shim JH, Kim SY, Won HJ, Shin YM, Kim PN, An J, Lee D, Kim KM, Lim YS, Chung YH, Lee YS, Lee HC. A Patient-Based Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival after Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:1787-94.e1. [PMID: 26542708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a prognostic nomogram based on specific patient and tumor factors capable of estimating individual survival outcomes after radiofrequency (RF) ablation as a primary therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 893 patients who were initially treated with curative RF ablation for HCC; patients were temporally divided into derivation (n = 607) and validation (n = 286) cohorts. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model for overall survival was developed and validated. The discriminatory accuracy of the model was compared with the preexisting Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) system and the Tokyo score previously proposed for percutaneous therapy for HCC by analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS A nomogram was generated for 3-year survival, incorporating largest tumor diameter and number of tumors, serum albumin and creatinine, platelet count, prothrombin time, and serum α-fetoprotein on a logarithmic scale. It had good calibration and discrimination abilities with a C-index of 0.74. The validation results also showed that the nomogram performed well in terms of goodness-of-fit and discrimination (C-index, 0.72). Analysis of ROC curves in the validation cohort indicated that the model had better predictive power than CLIP and Tokyo scores (C-indexes, 0.54 and 0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This prognostic tool quantifying per-patient expected survival after RF ablation can be used in daily clinical decision making with regard to patients with HCC deemed suitable for radical ablation and is probably more reliable than existing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbong Han
- Department of Applied Statistics, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Won
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Moon Shin
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyo Nyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Ha Y, Seo N, Shim JH, Kim SY, Park JA, Han S, Kim KW, Yu E, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Intimate association of visceral obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in healthy Asians: A case-control study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1666-72. [PMID: 25974139 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To identify factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in healthy Asian subjects. METHODS A propensity score-matched case-control study was designed. To investigate the effects of demographic and clinical factors on the presence of NAFLD, a baseline-category logit model was used. Potential living liver donors with no hepatic steatosis (< 5%: n = 1353, group 1) were considered the baseline category, and subjects with mild (5-33%: n = 724, group 2) and moderate/severe (> 33%: n = 116, group 3) hepatic steatosis were defined as cases. Age and gender were matched between cases and controls, which resulted in 83 matched subjects in each of the three groups. The area of abdominal (visceral and subcutaneous) fat was directly measured in all subjects by unenhanced computed tomography. RESULTS Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and visceral fat amount were directly correlated with the grade of hepatic steatosis, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were inversely correlated with it (all P values < 0.05). In a multivariate model, visceral fat amount was significantly correlated with both mild (group 2) and moderate to severe (group 3) NAFLD, with respective odds ratios (ORs) of 1.03 relative to group 1 (Ps < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), ALT, and subcutaneous fat were significant predictors of only moderate to severe NAFLD (ORs of 0.54, 1.20, and 1.02, respectively, for group 3 vs group 1; Ps < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that visceral adiposity makes non-obese subjects more susceptible to NAFLD, compared with subcutaneous fat and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nieun Seo
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungbong Han
- Applied Statistics, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsil Yu
- Department of Pathology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jang MK, Kim HS, Chung YH. Clinical aspects of tumor necrosis factor-α signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:2799-808. [PMID: 23944370 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates a variety of signaling pathways implicated in inflammation, immunity, cell death (apoptosis), cell survival (anti-apoptosis), and even tumorigenesis. TNF-α is predominantly produced by macrophages (or Kupffer cells within the liver), but generated by lymphoid cells, astrocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells to some degree. In the liver, TNF-α not only serves as a key mediator of hepatocyte apoptosis resulting in the liver damage, but also plays an important role in cellular proliferation leading to liver regeneration or even hepatocarcinogenesis. TNF-α may indirectly contribute to carcinogenesis via various inflammatory conditions such as alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and chronic viral hepatitis. On the one hand, in inflammation, TNF-α induces apoptosis repeatedly and subsequently enhances the chance of formation of anomalous cells during the process of regeneration and dysplasia. On the other hand, TNF-α exerts as an anti-angiogenic factor depending on its concentration. It shows an anti-tumorous effect by increasing vascular permeability in the tumors. When it is perfused in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs using isolated hepatic infusion, TNF-α may increase the responsiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic cancers to anti-cancer agents as isolated limb perfusion methods in an unresectable soft tissue sarcoma or melanoma. This article reviews the TNF-α signaling pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis and the new challenge of TNF-α as a new therapeutic strategy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu W, Zhang BX, Yao KY, Yoon I, Chung YH, Wang JK, Liu JX. Effects of Supplemental Levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product on Lactation Performance in Dairy Cows under Heat Stress. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 29:801-6. [PMID: 26954175 PMCID: PMC4852246 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of different supplemental levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP; Original XP; Diamond V) on lactation performance in Holstein dairy cows under heat stress. Eighty-one multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided into 27 blocks of 3 cows each based on milk yield (23.6±0.20 kg/d), parity (2.88±0.91) and day in milk (204±46 d). The cows were randomly assigned within blocks to one of three treatments: 0 (control), 120, or 240 g/d of SCFP mixed with 240, 120, or 0 g of corn meal, respectively. The experiment was carried out during the summer season of 2014, starting from 14 July 2014 and lasting for 9 weeks with the first week as adaption period. During the experimental period, average daily temperature-humidity index (measured at 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00) was above 68, indicating that cows were exposed to heat stress throughout the study. Rectal temperatures tended to decrease linearly (p = 0.07) for cows supplemented with SCFP compared to the control cows at 14:30, but were not different at 06:30 (p>0.10). Dry matter intake was not affected by SCFP supplementation (p>0.10). Milk yield increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of SCFP. Feed efficiency (milk yield/dry matter intake) was highest (p<0.05) for cows fed 240 g/d SCFP. Cows supplemented with SCFP gained (p<0.01) body weight, while cows in the control lost body weight. Net energy balance also increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing levels of SCFP. Concentrations of milk urea nitrogen (p<0.01) decreased linearly with increasing levels of SCFP, while no difference (p>0.10) was observed among the treatments in conversion of dietary crude protein to milk protein yield. In summary, supplementation of SCFP alleviated the negative effect of heat stress in lactating Holstein dairy cows and allowed cows to maintain higher milk production, feed efficiency and net energy balance. Effects of SCFP were dose-dependent and greater effects were observed from higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - B X Zhang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - K Y Yao
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - I Yoon
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52405, USA
| | - Y H Chung
- Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA 52405, USA
| | - J K Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - J X Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Ha Y, Han S, Shim JH, Ko GY, Yoon HK, Sung KB, Lee D, Kim KM, Lim YS, Chung YH, Lee YS, Lee HC. Nomograms for Predicting Outcomes after Chemoembolization in Patients with Nonmetastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:1093-1101.e1. [PMID: 26077020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To construct prognostic nomograms capable of estimating individual probabilities of tumor progression and overall survival (OS) at specific time points during serial transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 1,181 consecutive patients with nonmetastatic HCC undergoing repeated transarterial chemoembolization at a single tertiary referral center. Patients were assigned to 2 cohorts according to the first transarterial chemoembolization date: derivation (2004-2006; n = 854) and validation (2007; n = 327) sets. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were developed based on covariates derived before transarterial chemoembolization and assessed for their association with 5-year OS and 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). The accuracy of the models was internally and externally validated. RESULTS The 5-year OS of the derivation set was 25.4%, and 3-year PFS was 20.8%. Nomograms for OS and PFS were built into the derivation set incorporating the following factors: log [tumor volume] calculated as 4/3 × 3.14 × (maximum radius of tumor in cm(3)); tumor number; tumor type (nodular or infiltrative); Child-Pugh class (A or B); (model for end-stage liver disease score/10)(-2); log [α-fetoprotein]; and portal vein invasion. The models had good discrimination and calibration abilities with C-indexes of 0.80 (5-y survival) and 0.77 (3-y progression). The results of external validation confirmed that these models performed well in terms of discrimination and goodness-of-fit (C-indexes 0.77 for 5-y survival and 0.73 for 3-y progression). CONCLUSION Nomograms quantifying the survival and progression outcomes in patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization are useful clinical aids in providing personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjung Ha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbong Han
- Department of Applied Statistics, Gachon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Young Ko
- Department of Radiology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ki Yoon
- Department of Radiology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bo Sung
- Department of Radiology Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
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Kim HD, Shim JH, Kim GA, Shin YM, Yu E, Lee SG, Lee D, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Optimal methods for measuring eligibility for liver transplant in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization. J Hepatol 2015; 62:1076-84. [PMID: 25529626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We investigated the optimal radiologic method for measuring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in order to assess suitability for liver transplantation (LT). METHODS 271 HCC patients undergoing TACE prior to LT were classified according to both Milan and up-to-seven criteria after TACE by using the enhancement or size method on computed tomography images. The cumulative incidence function curves with competing risks regression was used in post-LT time-to-recurrence analysis. The predictive accuracy for recurrence was compared using area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) estimation. RESULTS Of the 271 patients, 246 (90.8%) and 164 (60.5%) fell within Milan and 252 (93.0%) and 210 (77.5%) fell within up-to-seven criteria, when assessed by enhancement and size methods, respectively. Competing risks regression analyses adjusting for covariates indicated that meeting the criteria by enhancement and by size methods was independently related to post-LT time-to-recurrence in the Milan or up-to-seven model. Higher AUC values were observed with the size method only in the up-to-seven model (p<0.05). Mean differences in the sum of tumor diameter and number of tumors between pathologic and radiologic findings were significantly less by the enhancement method (p<0.05). Cumulative incidence curves showed similar recurrence results between patients with and without prior TACE within the criteria based on either method, except for the within up-to-seven by the enhancement method (p=0.017). CONCLUSIONS The enhancement method is a reliable tool for assessing the control or downstaging of HCC within Milan after TACE, although the size method may be preferable when applying the up-to-seven criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi-Ae Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Moon Shin
- Department of Radiology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsil Yu
- Department of Pathology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kaowinn S, Cho IR, Moon J, Jun SW, Kim CS, Kang HY, Kim M, Koh SS, Chung YH. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF) confers resistance to pancreatic cancer cells against oncolytic parvovirus H-1 infection through IFNA receptor-mediated signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:313-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lee HJ, Kang HJ, Kim KM, Yu ES, Kim KH, Kim SM, Kim TW, Shim JH, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Fibroblast growth factor receptor isotype expression and its association with overall survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Mol Hepatol 2015; 21:60-70. [PMID: 25834803 PMCID: PMC4379198 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2015.21.1.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Fibroblast growth factor signaling is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) isotype expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and neighboring nonneoplastic liver tissue, and elucidate its prognostic implications. Methods Immunohistochemical staining of FGFR1, -2, -3, and -4 was performed in the HCCs and paired neighboring nonneoplastic liver tissue of 870 HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection. Of these, clinical data for 153 patients who underwent curative resection as a primary therapy were reviewed, and the relationship between FGFR isotype expression and overall survival was evaluated (development set). This association was also validated in 73 independent samples (validation set) by Western blot analysis. Results FGFR1, -2, -3, and -4 were expressed in 5.3%, 11.1%, 3.8%, and 52.7% of HCCs, respectively. Among the development set of 153 patients, FGFR2 positivity in HCC was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival (5-year survival rate, 35.3% vs. 61.8%; P=0.02). FGFR2 expression in HCC was an independent predictor of a poor postsurgical prognosis (hazard ratio, 2.10; P=0.02) in the development set. However, the corresponding findings were not statistically significant in the validation set. Conclusions FGFR2 expression in HCC could be a prognostic indicator of postsurgical survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Yu
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Mi Kim
- Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim GA, Shim JH, Yoon SM, Jung J, Kim JH, Ryu MH, Ryoo BY, Kang YK, Lee D, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS. Comparison of chemoembolization with and without radiation therapy and sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: a propensity score analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26:320-9.e6. [PMID: 25612807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization with and without radiation therapy (RT) versus sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-center retrospective study involved 557 patients with HCC with PVTT who initially received chemoembolization (1997-2002; n = 295), chemoembolization and RT (2003-2008; n = 196), or sorafenib (2009-2012; n = 66) according to eligibility criteria among an initial population of 617. The three groups were divided into three pairs (chemoembolization vs chemoembolization/RT, chemoembolization vs sorafenib, and chemoembolization/RT vs sorafenib), and time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were compared by propensity-score analyses. RESULTS The chemoembolization/RT group had longer median TTP and OS than the chemoembolization-alone and sorafenib groups (P < .001). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that chemoembolization/RT treatment was an independent predictor of favorable TTP and OS. In the matched cohort, median TTP and OS were significantly longer in the chemoembolization/RT group than the chemoembolization-alone group (102 pairs; TTP, 8.7 mo vs 3.6 mo [P < .001]; OS, 11.4 mo vs 7.4 mo [P = .023]) or the sorafenib group (30 pairs; TTP, 5.1 mo vs 1.6 mo [P < .001]; OS, 8.2 mo vs 3.2 mo [P < .001]), in agreement with the inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) outcomes. In matching analyses, the chemoembolization-alone group had longer median TTP and OS than the sorafenib group (46 pairs; TTP, 3.4 mo vs 1.8 mo [P < .001]; OS, 5.9 mo vs 4.4 mo [P = .003]). There was no significant difference in terms of OS with the IPTW approach (P = .108), but there was one in terms of TTP (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitation of a retrospective study, the present data indicate that transarterial chemoembolization combined with RT could be considered as an alternative to the standard sorafenib in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage HCC with PVTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Ae Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea..
| | - Sang Min Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea..
| | - Jinhong Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Kang Mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Han Chu Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Yung Sang Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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Kim HK, Park CJ, Jang S, Cho YU, Park SH, Choi J, Park CS, Huh J, Chung YH, Lee JH. The first case report of composite bone marrow involvement by simultaneously developed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Ann Lab Med 2014; 35:152-4. [PMID: 25553299 PMCID: PMC4272950 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2015.35.1.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ki Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Uk Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jene Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Sik Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jooryung Huh
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Park NH, Jung SW, Shin ES, Chung YH. Reply: To PMID 23907815. Hepatology 2014; 60:2132-4. [PMID: 24753025 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prototype of hypervascular tumors, is one of the most common malignancies in the world, especially hyperendemic in the Far East where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent. It is characterized by the clinical feature of a poor prognosis or a high mortality due to its already far advanced stages at diagnosis. It is so multifactorial that hepatocarcinogenesis cannot be explained by a single molecular mechanism. To date, a number of pathways have been known to contribute to the development, growth, angiogenesis, and even metastasis of HCC. Among the various factors, metastatic tumor antigens (MTAs) or metastasis-associated proteins have been vigorously investigated as an intriguing target in the field of hepatocarcinogenesis. According to recent studies including ours, MTAs are not only involved in the HCC development and growth (molecular carcinogenesis), but also closely associated with the post-operative recurrence and a poor prognosis or a worse response to post-operative anti-cancer therapy (clinical significance). Herein, we review MTAs in light of their essential structure, functions, and molecular mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis. We will also focus in detail on the interaction between hepatitis B x protein (HBx) of HBV and MTA in order to clarify the HBV-associated HCC development. Finally, we will discuss the prognostic significance and clinical application of MTA in HCC. We believe that this review will help clinicians to understand the meaning and use of the detection of MTA in order to more effectively manage their HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Kaewpiboon C, Srisuttee R, Malilas W, Moon J, Oh S, Jeong HG, Johnston RN, Assavalapsakul W, Chung YH. Upregulation of Stat1-HDAC4 confers resistance to etoposide through enhanced multidrug resistance 1 expression in human A549 lung cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2315-21. [PMID: 25395162 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to develop efficient chemotherapeutic drug strategies to treat cancer, acquired drug resistance is a commonly encountered problem. In the present study, to investigate this phenomenon, human A549 lung cancer cells resistant to the topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide (A549RT‑eto) were used and compared with A549 parental cells. A549RT‑eto cells demonstrated increased resistance to etoposide‑induced apoptosis when compared with A549 parental cells. Notably, A549RT‑eto cells were observed to exhibit greater levels of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), phospho‑Stat1 and P‑glycoprotein [P‑gp; encoded by the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene], compared with A549 cells. To address whether HDAC4 protein is involved in etoposide resistance in A549 cells, A549RT‑eto cells were treated with trichostatin A (TSA; an HDAC inhibitor) during etoposide treatment. The combined treatment was demonstrated to enhance etoposide‑induced apoptosis and reduce expression levels of HDAC4, P‑gp and phospho‑Stat1. In addition, the suppression of Stat1 with siRNA enhanced etoposide‑induced apoptosis and reduced the expression levels of HDAC4 and P‑gp, suggesting that Stat1 is essential in the regulation of resistance to etoposide, and in the upregulation of P‑gp. Notably, TSA treatment reduced P‑gp transcript levels but Stat1 siRNA treatment did not, suggesting that P‑gp is regulated by HDAC at the transcriptional level and by Stat1 at the post‑transcriptional level. These results suggest that the upregulation of Stat1 and HDAC4 determines etoposide resistance through P‑gp expression in human A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Kaewpiboon
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93110, Thailand
| | - Ratakorn Srisuttee
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Waraporn Malilas
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Moon
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- Department of Advanced Fermentation Fusion Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 136‑702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305‑764, Republic of Korea
| | - Randal N Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Wanchai Assavalapsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno‑Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Chang S, Lee Y, Kim NY, Hwang Y, Min HJ, Yoo KS, Park EH, Kim S, Chung YH, Park YW, Koh SS. A PAUF-neutralizing antibody targets both carcinoma and endothelial cells to impede pancreatic tumor progression and metastasis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:144-50. [PMID: 25450371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma up-regulated factor (PAUF) is expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Here we evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody against PAUF, PMAb83, to provide a therapeutic intervention to treat the disease. PMAb83 reduced tumor growth and distant metastasis in orthotopically xenografted mice of human PDAC cells. PMAb83 treatment retarded proliferation along with weakened aggressiveness traits of the carcinoma cells. AKT/β-catenin signaling played a role in the carcinoma cell proliferation and the treated xenograft tumors exhibited reduced levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1. Moreover PMAb83 abrogated the PAUF-induced angiogenic responses of endothelial cells, reducing the density of CD31(+) vessels in the treated tumors. In combination with gemcitabine, PMAb83 conferred enhanced survival of xenografted mice by about twofold compared to gemcitabine alone. Taken together, our findings show that PMAb83 treatment decreases the aggressiveness of carcinoma cells and suppresses tumor vascularization, which culminates in mitigated tumor growth and metastasis with improved survival in PDAC mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea; New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Cheongwon, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yangsoon Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Na Young Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yeonsil Hwang
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Min
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Yoo
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Hye Park
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seokho Kim
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21-plus, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Park
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea.
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Williams DEJ, Wu WL, Grotefend CR, Radic V, Chung C, Chung YH, Farzan M, Huang IC. IFITM3 polymorphism rs12252-C restricts influenza A viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110096. [PMID: 25314048 PMCID: PMC4196997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The IFITM3 polymorphism rs12252-C, which encodes an IFITM3 isoform (Δ21 IFITM3) lacking 21 amino acids at the amino terminus, has been controversially associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) infections. In vitro studies have shown that Δ21 IFITM3 loses its ability to restrict H1N1 IAV. Subsequent research has also revealed that tyrosine 20 is the key determinant for IFITM3 endocytic trafficking, which is essential for the efficient anti-viral activity of IFITM3. In contrast to previous studies, we demonstrated that both Δ21 IFITM3 and an IFITM3 variant (Y20A IFITM3), in which tyrosine 20 is substituted with alanine, strongly restricted entry mediated by IAV H1, H3, H5, and H7 proteins. Δ21 IFITM3 also efficiently suppressed replication of H1N1 and, to a lesser extent, H3N2 IAV. Δ21 IFITM3 and Y20A IFITM3 had broader subcellular distributions than full-length IFITM3 but an abundant amount of both IFITM3 variants still localized to late endosomes and lysosomes. Our data indicate that tyrosine 20 partially regulates the subcellular localization of IFITM3 but is not functionally essential for IFITM3-mediated IAV restriction. They also suggested that mechanisms, other than viral entry restriction, might contribute to variations in clinical outcomes of H1N1 influenza associated with rs12252-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Evan Joseph Williams
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Wan-Lin Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Robert Grotefend
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Radic
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Changik Chung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Young-Hwa Chung
- BK21+, Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Farzan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - I-Chueh Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
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