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Kang S, Noh Y, Oh SJ, Yoon HJ, Im S, Kwon HT, Pak YK. Neuroprotective Effects of Aldehyde-Reducing Composition in an LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation Model of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7988. [PMID: 38138478 PMCID: PMC10745824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease in which neuroinflammation and oxidative stress interact to contribute to pathogenesis. This study investigates the in vivo neuroprotective effects of a patented yeast extract lysate in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation model. The yeast extract lysate, named aldehyde-reducing composition (ARC), exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-aldehyde activities in vitro. Oral administration of ARC at 10 or 20 units/kg/day for 3 days prior to intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) effectively preserved dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum by preventing LPS-induced cell death. ARC also normalized the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the SN, providing further evidence for its neuroprotective properties. In the liver, ARC downregulated the LPS-induced increase in inflammatory cytokines and reversed the LPS-induced decrease in antioxidant-related genes. These findings indicate that ARC exerts potent antioxidant, anti-aldehyde, and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, suggesting its potential as a disease-modifying agent for the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases, including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.J.Y.)
- Picoentech Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13201, Gyeong gi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Youngjin Noh
- Picoentech Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13201, Gyeong gi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.O.); (S.I.)
| | - Hye Ji Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.O.); (S.I.)
| | - Hung Taeck Kwon
- Picoentech Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13201, Gyeong gi-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (H.T.K.)
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.J.O.); (S.I.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Lee AG, Kang S, Yoon HJ, Im S, Oh SJ, Pak YK. Polystyrene Microplastics Exacerbate Systemic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12421. [PMID: 37569796 PMCID: PMC10419071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as environmental pollutants with potential implications for human health. Considering the rapid increase in obesity rates despite stable caloric intake, there is a growing concern about the link between obesity and exposure to environmental pollutants, including MPs. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation utilizing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches to explore the brain distribution and physiological effects of MPs. Molecular docking simulations were performed to assess the binding affinity of three plastic polymers (ethylene, propylene, and styrene) to immune cells (macrophages, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes). The results revealed that styrene exhibited the highest binding affinity for macrophages. Furthermore, in vitro experiments employing fluorescence-labeled PS-MPs (fPS-MPs) of 1 μm at various concentrations demonstrated a dose-dependent binding of fPS-MPs to BV2 murine microglial cells. Subsequent oral administration of fPS-MPs to high-fat diet-induced obese mice led to the co-existence of fPS-MPs with immune cells in the blood, exacerbating impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance and promoting systemic inflammation. Additionally, fPS-MPs were detected throughout the brain, with increased activation of microglia in the hypothalamus. These findings suggest that PS-MPs significantly contribute to the exacerbation of systemic inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity by activating peripheral and central inflammatory immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hye Ji Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447,Republic of Korea; (S.I.); (S.J.O.)
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kang S, Lee AG, Im S, Oh SJ, Yoon HJ, Park JH, Pak YK. A Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonist HBU651 Ameliorates Peripheral and Hypothalamic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314871. [PMID: 36499198 PMCID: PMC9736602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic peripheral inflammation condition that is strongly correlated with neurodegenerative diseases and associated with exposure to environmental chemicals. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor activated by environmental chemical, such as dioxins, and also is a regulator of inflammation through interacting with nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity of HBU651, a novel AhR antagonist. In BV2 microglia cells, HBU651 successfully inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated nuclear localization of NF-κB and production of NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. It also restored LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. While mice being fed a high-fat diet (HFD) induced peripheral and central inflammation and obesity, HBU651 alleviated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and liver enzyme activity, without hepatic and renal damage. HBU651 ameliorated the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, proinflammatory Ly6chigh monocytes, and macrophage infiltration in the blood, liver, and adipose tissue. HBU651 also decreased microglial activation in the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. These findings suggest that HBU651 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseodaero, Dukmyung-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0908
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4
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Im S, Kang S, Kim JH, Oh SJ, Pak YK. Low-Dose Dioxin Reduced Glucose Uptake in C2C12 Myocytes: The Role of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Insulin-Dependent Calcium Mobilization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2109. [PMID: 36358481 PMCID: PMC9686767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to some environmental polluting chemicals (EPCs) is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance is a major biochemical abnormality in the skeletal muscle in patients with metabolic syndrome. However, the causal relationship is inconsistent and little is known about how EPCs affect the insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether exposure to 100 pM of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) as a low dose of dioxin induces insulin resistance in C2C12 myocytes. The treatment with TCDD inhibited the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). The low-dose TCDD reduced the expression of insulin receptor β (IRβ) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 without affecting the phosphorylation of Akt. The TCDD impaired mitochondrial activities, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the blockage of insulin-induced Ca2+ release. All TCDD-mediated effects related to insulin resistance were still observed in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-deficient myocytes and prevented by MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeting ROS scavenger. These results suggest that low-dose TCDD stress may induce muscle insulin resistance AhR-independently and that mitochondrial oxidative stress is a novel therapeutic target for dioxin-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeol Im
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute CRI, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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5
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Lee AG, Kang S, Im S, Pak YK. Cinnamic Acid Attenuates Peripheral and Hypothalamic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081675. [PMID: 36015301 PMCID: PMC9413375 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is closely linked to chronic inflammation in peripheral organs and the hypothalamus. Chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) induces the differentiation of Ly6chigh monocytes into macrophages in adipose tissue, the liver, and the brain, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although cinnamon improves obesity and related diseases, it is unclear which components of cinnamon can affect macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. We performed in silico analyses using ADME, drug-likeness, and molecular docking simulations to predict the active compounds of cinnamon. Among the 82 active compounds of cinnamon, cinnamic acid (CA) showed the highest score of ADME, blood–brain barrier permeability, drug-likeness, and cytokine binding. We then investigated whether CA modulates obesity-induced metabolic profiles and macrophage-related inflammatory responses in HFD-fed mice. While HFD feeding induced obesity, CA ameliorated obesity and related symptoms, such as epididymal fat gain, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, without hepatic and renal toxicity. CA also improved HFD-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, fat deposition, and macrophage infiltration in the liver and adipose tissue. CA decreased Ly6chigh monocytes, adipose tissue M1 macrophages, and hypothalamic microglial activation. These results suggest that CA attenuates the peripheral and hypothalamic inflammatory monocytes/macrophage system and treats obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0908
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Huh E, Kwon Y, Choi JG, Lim MG, Jeong JS, Park AY, Kim JH, Pak YK, Hong SP, Oh MS. DA-9805, a Herbal Mixture, Restores Motor Manifestations in 6-Hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model by Regulating Striatal Dopamine and Acetylcholine Levels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903664. [PMID: 35784731 PMCID: PMC9240257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of dopamine (DA) is one of the primary features of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, imbalances of non-dopaminergic neurotransmitters significantly contribute to the disabilities noted in advanced PD patients. DA-9805 is the ethanolic extraction of the root bark of Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), the root of Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. (Apiaceae) and the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. (Apiaceae), which have been widely utilized as an enhancer of motor function in East Asia. This study aimed to investigate whether DA-9805 modified motor dysfunctions and imbalances associated with DA and other neurotransmitters in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced PD mouse. We confirmed the expressions of proteins related with neurotransmissions in the striatum. In addition, we measured the striatal neurotransmitters using HPLC and analyzed their correlation. DA-9805 significantly improved motor impairments and restored the altered levels of neurotransmitters in the striatum. Moreover, DA-9805 improved the altered expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DA transporter, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the ipsilateral part of mouse striatum or SNpc, which implies the neuroprotection. We also found that the level of striatal acetylcholine (Ach) has the moderate negative correlation with motor functions and TH expression in the SNpc. This study indicates that DA-9805 restores motor dysfunctions by normalizing the increased levels of striatal Ach via modulating DA transmission and ChAT expressions as well as its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Huh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngji Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Gyu Lim
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Myung Sook Oh,
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Oh R, Lee HK, Pak YK, Oh MS. An Interactive Online App for Predicting Diabetes via Machine Learning from Environment-Polluting Chemical Exposure Data. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19105800. [PMID: 35627338 PMCID: PMC9142138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The early prediction and identification of risk factors for diabetes may prevent or delay diabetes progression. In this study, we developed an interactive online application that provides the predictive probabilities of prediabetes and diabetes in 4 years based on a Bayesian network (BN) classifier, which is an interpretable machine learning technique. The BN was trained using a dataset from the Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiological Study (KoGES) in 2008, with a follow-up in 2012. The dataset contained not only traditional risk factors (current diabetes status, sex, age, etc.) for future diabetes, but it also contained serum biomarkers, which quantified the individual level of exposure to environment-polluting chemicals (EPC). Based on accuracy and the area under the curve (AUC), a tree-augmented BN with 11 variables derived from feature selection was used as our prediction model. The online application that implemented our BN prediction system provided a tool that performs customized diabetes prediction and allows users to simulate the effects of controlling risk factors for the future development of diabetes. The prediction results of our method demonstrated that the EPC biomarkers had interactive effects on diabetes progression and that the use of the EPC biomarkers contributed to a substantial improvement in prediction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Oh
- Department of Mathematics, Korea Military Academy, Seoul 01805, Korea;
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.P.); (M.-S.O.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0908 (Y.K.P.); +82-2-3277-2374 (M.-S.O.)
| | - Man-Suk Oh
- Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.P.); (M.-S.O.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0908 (Y.K.P.); +82-2-3277-2374 (M.-S.O.)
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Kang S, Piao Y, Kang YC, Lim S, Pak YK. DA-9805 protects dopaminergic neurons from endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 145:112389. [PMID: 34775235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with damages to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), followed by neuroinflammation. We previously reported that a triple herbal extract DA-9805 in experimental PD toxin-models had neuroprotective effects by alleviating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated whether DA-9805 could suppress ER stress and neuroinflammation in vitro and/or in vivo. Pre-treatment with DA-9805 (1 μg/ml) attenuated upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with thapsigargin (1 µg/ml) or tunicamycin (2 µg/ml). In addition, DA-9805 prevented the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and nitric oxide through inhibition of NF-κB activation in BV2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) into mice can induce acute neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuronal cell death. Oral administration of DA-9805 (10 or 30 mg/kg/day for 3 days before LPS injection) prevented loss of dopaminergic neurons and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the substantia nigra in LPS-injected mouse models. Taken together, these results indicate that DA-9805 can effectively prevent ER stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting that DA-9805 is a multitargeting and disease-modifying therapeutic candidate for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyeol Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Choi HS, Kim JT, Lee HK, Park WH, Pak YK, Lee SW. Clinical Value of Serum Mitochondria-Inhibiting Substances in Assessing Renal Hazards: A Community-Based Prospective Study in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:1298-1306. [PMID: 34823307 PMCID: PMC8743589 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with several kidney diseases. However, no studies have evaluated the potential renal hazards of serum mitochondria-inhibiting substance (MIS) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand (AhRL) levels. METHODS We used serum level of MIS and AhRL and clinical renal outcomes from 1,511 participants of a prospective community-based cohort in Ansung. MIS was evaluated based on intracellular adenosine triphosphate (MIS-ATP) or reactive oxygen species (MIS-ROS) generation measured using cell-based assays. RESULTS During a mean 6.9-year follow-up, 84 participants (5.6%) developed a rapid decline in kidney function. In the lowest quartile group of MIS-ATP, patients were older and had metabolically deleterious parameters. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher MIS-ATP was associated with decreased odds for rapid decline: the odds ratio (OR) of 1% increase was 0.977 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.957 to 0.998; P=0.031), while higher MIS-ROS was marginally associated with increased odds for rapid decline (OR, 1.014; 95% CI, 0.999 to 1.028; P=0.055). However, serum AhRL was not associated with the rapid decline in kidney function. In subgroup analysis, the renal hazard of MIS was particularly evident in people with hypertension and low baseline kidney function. CONCLUSION Serum MIS was independently associated with a rapid decline in kidney function, while serum AhRL was not. The clinical implication of renal hazard on serum MIS requires further evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon,
Korea
| | - Jin Taek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Wook Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sung Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu,
Korea
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10
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Park EJ, Kang MS, Jin SW, Lee TG, Lee GH, Kim DW, Lee EW, Park J, Choi I, Pak YK. Multiple pathways of alveolar macrophage death contribute to pulmonary inflammation induced by silica nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:1087-1101. [PMID: 34469701 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1969461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, 20 nm-sized amorphous silica nanoparticles (20-SiNPs), but not 50 nm-sized amorphous silica nanoparticles (50-SiNPs), induced pulmonary inflammatory response in rats exposed repeatedly for 14 days (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/time, total six times). In this study, we tried to clarify the causes of different responses induced by both SiNPs using mice (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/lung) and mouse alveolar macrophage cells. When exposed to alveolar macrophage cells for 24 h, both SiNPs decreased cell viability and enhanced ROS generation compared to controls. The 20- and 50-SiNPs also formed giant and autophagosome-like vacuoles in the cytoplasm, respectively. Structural damage of organelles was more pronounced in 20-SiNPs-treated cells than in 50-SiNPs-treated cells, and an increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium accumulation were observed only in the 20-SiNPs-treated cells. Additionally, a single intratracheal instillation of both sizes of SiNPs to mice clearly elevated the relative proportion of neutrophils and inhibited differentiation of macrophages and expression of an adhesion molecule. Meanwhile, interestingly, the total number of pulmonary cells and the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators more notably increased in the lungs of mice exposed to 20-SiNPs compared to 50-SiNPs. Given that accumulation of giant vacuoles and dilation of the ER and mitochondria are key indicators of paraptosis, we suggest that 20-SiNPs-induced pulmonary inflammation may be associated with paraptosis of alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- East-West Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Human Health and Environmental Toxins Research Center, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea.,General Toxicology & Research Group, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Republic of Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Human Health and Environmental Toxins Research Center, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Pak YK, Choi HS, Park WH, Im S, Lind PM, Lind L, Lee HK. High Serum-Induced AhRL Is Associated with Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome and Future Impairment of Glucose Tolerance in the Elderly. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:436-446. [PMID: 33866778 PMCID: PMC8090465 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High circulating levels of dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, acting via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), have previously been linked to diabetes. We now investigated whether the serum AhR ligands (AhRL) were higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and in subjects who had developed a worsened glucose tolerance over time. METHODS Serum AhRL at baseline was measured by a cell-based AhRL activity assay in 70-year-old subjects (n=911) in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. The main outcome measures were prevalent MetS and worsening of glucose tolerance over 5 years of follow-up. RESULTS AhRL was significantly elevated in subjects with prevalent MetS as compared to those without MetS, following adjustment for sex, smoking, exercise habits, alcohol intake and educational level (P=0.009). AhRL at baseline was higher in subjects who developed impaired fasting glucose or diabetes at age 75 years than in those who remained normoglycemic (P=0.0081). The odds ratio (OR) of AhRL for worsening glucose tolerance over 5 years was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.81; P=0.003, continuous variables) and 2.81 (95% CI, 1.31 to 6.02; P=0.008, in the highest quartile) adjusted for sex, life style factors, body mass index, and glucose. CONCLUSION These findings support a large body of epidemiologic evidence that exposure to AhR transactivating substances, such as dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals, might be involved in the pathogenesis of MetS and diabetes development. Measurement of serum AhRL in humans can be a useful tool in predicting the onset of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Wook Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - P. Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Acute and Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Kim JT, Kim SH, Min HK, Jeon SJ, Sung SA, Park WH, Lee HK, Choi HS, Pak YK, Lee SY. Effect of Dialysis on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Transactivating Activity in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:56-63. [PMID: 31887800 PMCID: PMC6938787 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivating (AHRT) activity and uremia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) may interact with each other, further complicating the disease course. In this study, we prospectively estimated serum AHRT activity using a highly sensitive cell-based AhR-dependent luciferase activity assay in CKD patients and compared differences therein according to treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) (n=22) and hemodialysis (HD) (n=38) and patients with pre-dialysis CKD stage IV or V (n=28) were included. AHRT activity and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured. We performed a correlation analysis for AHRT activity, ATP levels, and various clinical parameters. RESULTS AHRT activity and intracellular ATP levels were inversely correlated and differed according to treatment modalities. AHRT activity was higher in non-dialysis CKD patients than in patients undergoing dialysis and was higher in patients undergoing HD, compared to PD. AHRT activity decreased after HD treatment in HD patients. ATP levels were higher in healthy controls than in patients with pre-dialysis CKD and PD and were further decreased in patients with HD. We noted significant correlations between multiple clinical parameters associated with cardiovascular risk factors and AHRT activity. CONCLUSION AHRT activity was elevated in CKD patients, while dialysis treatment reduced AHRT activity. Further studies are warranted to specify AHRT activity and to evaluate the precise roles thereof in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Taek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Ha Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Eo H, Kwon Y, Huh E, Sim Y, Choi JG, Jeong JS, Du XF, Soh HY, Hong SP, Kim Pak Y, Oh MS. Protective effects of DA-9805 on dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in the models of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109184. [PMID: 31387167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the elderly population rapidly growing, the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is quickly increasing because neurodegenerative disorders are usually late-onset. Herbal medicines and formula are adjuvant therapies of conventional PD agents, which result in serious side effects with long-term use. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of DA-9805, a standardized herbal formula that consists of an ethanolic extract of Moutan Cortex Radix, Angelica Dahuricae Radix, and Bupleuri Radix against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In PC12 cells, DA-9805 at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/mL ameliorated cell viability, which was reduced by 6-OHDA. In addition, DA-9805 activated the extracellular-regulated kinase-nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, subsequently stimulating antioxidative enzymes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and catalase and suppressing apoptosis. Furthermore, DA-9805 prevented 6-OHDA-induced movement impairment, as well as a decrease of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine transmission in rodents. Taken together, these results suggest that the mixed herbal formula DA-9805 may be a pharmaceutical agent for preventing or improving PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene Huh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science of Meridian, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomoon Sim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Jeong
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Fei Du
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Soh
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Jeong JS, Piao Y, Kang S, Son M, Kang YC, Du XF, Ryu J, Cho YW, Jiang HH, Oh MS, Hong SP, Oh YJ, Pak YK. Triple herbal extract DA-9805 exerts a neuroprotective effect via amelioration of mitochondrial damage in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15953. [PMID: 30374025 PMCID: PMC6206089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Moutan cortex, Angelica Dahurica root, and Bupleurum root are traditional herbal medicines used in Asian countries to treat various diseases caused by oxidative stress or inflammation. Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but no effective treatment for mitochondrial dysfunction has yet been identified. In this study we investigated the neuroprotective effects of the triple herbal extract DA-9805 in experimental models of PD. DA-9805 was prepared by extracting three dried plant materials (Moutan cortex, Angelica Dahurica root, and Bupleurum root in a 1:1:1 mixture) with 90% ethanol on a stirring plate for 24 h at room temperature and fingerprinted using high-performance liquid chromatography. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its active metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which both exert neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I, were used to make experimental models of PD. In MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, DA-9805 ameliorated the suppression of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and mitochondrial damage on OXPHOS complex 1 activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxygen consumption rate. In the MPTP-induced subacute PD model mice, oral administration of DA-9805 recovered dopamine content as well as bradykinesia, as determined by the rotarod test. DA-9805 protected against neuronal damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum. In both in vitro and in vivo models of PD, DA-9805 normalized the phosphorylation of AKT at S473 and T308 on the insulin signaling pathway and the expression of mitochondria-related genes. These results demonstrate that the triple herbal extract DA-9805 showed neuroprotective effects via alleviating mitochondria damage in experimental models of PD. We propose that DA-9805 may be a suitable candidate for disease-modifying therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Jeong
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
- Department of Emergency, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133000, China
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Minuk Son
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Young Cheol Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Xiao Fei Du
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
| | - Jayoung Ryu
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
| | | | - Hai-Hua Jiang
- R&D Center of Dong-A ST, Yong-in, Kyungki-do, 17073, Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Seon-Pyo Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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15
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Kang YC, Son M, Kang S, Im S, Piao Y, Lim KS, Song MY, Park KS, Kim YH, Pak YK. Cell-penetrating artificial mitochondria-targeting peptide-conjugated metallothionein 1A alleviates mitochondrial damage in Parkinson's disease models. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-13. [PMID: 30120245 PMCID: PMC6098059 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative to the antioxidant capacity causes oxidative stress, which plays a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Because mitochondria are both sites of ROS generation and targets of ROS damage, the delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria might prevent or alleviate PD. To transduce the antioxidant protein human metallothionein 1A (hMT1A) into mitochondria, we computationally designed a cell-penetrating artificial mitochondria-targeting peptide (CAMP). The recombinant CAMP-conjugated hMT1A fusion protein (CAMP-hMT1A) successfully localized to the mitochondria. Treating a cell culture model of PD with CAMP-hMT1A restored tyrosine hydroxylase expression and mitochondrial activity and reduced ROS production. Furthermore, injection of CAMP-hMT1A into the brain of a mouse model of PD rescued movement impairment and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. CAMP-hMT1A delivery into mitochondria might be therapeutic against PD by alleviating mitochondrial damage, and we predict that CAMP could be used to deliver other cargo proteins to the mitochondria. A peptide targeting mitochondria can help deliver an antioxidant protein to mitigate the effects of Parkinson’s disease in cellular and mouse models. Youngmi Pak from Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, and co-workers engineered bacteria to express the human version of an antioxidant protein called metallothionein 1A fused to a short peptide sequence so that it localizes to mitochondria, the cellular power plants. Once inside the mitochondria, the peptide is removed, leaving the mature antioxidant protein to mop up damaging free radicals, a common problem seen in the cells of patients with Parkinson’s disease, and restore mitochondria to a healthier state. The protein improved mitochondrial function in both a human cell line and in the neurons of mice with a Parkinson’s-like disease, suggesting it might also help patients with this devastating neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Cheol Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Minuk Son
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.,Department of Emergency, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Min-Young Song
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.,Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Kang-Sik Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea. .,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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16
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Jung WW, Park SY, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Kim Pak Y, Chon S. Glabridin attenuates antiadipogenic activity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1426-1436. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences; Cheongju University; Cheongju Chungbuk 28503 Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology; Kyung Hee University; College of Medicine Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism; Kyung Hee University Hospital; Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
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17
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Lee H, Pak YK, Yeo EJ, Kim YS, Paik HY, Lee SK. It is time to integrate sex as a variable in preclinical and clinical studies. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-2. [PMID: 30038313 PMCID: PMC6056479 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heisook Lee
- Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Research (GISTeR), Korea Federation of Women's Science and Technology Associations (KOFWST), 22 Teheran-ro 7-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mathematics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Deparment of Physiology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Paik
- Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Research (GISTeR), Korea Federation of Women's Science and Technology Associations (KOFWST), 22 Teheran-ro 7-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Kyeong Lee
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim H, Oh Y, Kim K, Jeong S, Chon S, Kim D, Jung MH, Pak YK, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. Corrigendum to "Cyclophilin A regulates JNK/p38-MAPK signaling through its physical interaction with ASK1" [BBRC 464 (1) (14 August 2015) 112-117]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:290. [PMID: 29804878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hunsung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojung Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyun Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehong Kim
- Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu1dong Ilsandonggu Goyangsi, Gyeonggydo 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Jung WW, Park SY, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Pak YK, Chon S. 27-Deoxyactein prevents 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cellular damage in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2018; 53:561-570. [PMID: 29364047 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1428275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental contaminant that exerts its toxicity through a variety of signaling mechanisms. The present study evaluated the effects of 27-deoxyactein, one of the major constituents isolated from Cimicifuga racemosa, on TCDD-induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. TCDD reduced cell survival, markedly increased apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy activity. However, pre-treatment with 27-deoxyactein attenuated all TCDD-induced effects and significantly decreased intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentrations, the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cardiolipin peroxidation compared to the TCDD-treated controls. Additionally, TCDD-induced increases in the levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were significantly inhibited by 27-deoxyactein. The mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ERK1, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were also effectively restored by pre-treatment with 27-deoxyactein. Furthermore, 27-deoxyactein significantly increased the expressions of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osterix. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate the preventive effects of 27-deoxyactein on TCDD-induced damage in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- b Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science , College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University , Cheongju , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- c Department of Medicine , Graduate School, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- d Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Kim HS, Park SY, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Pak YK, Choe W, Ha J, Chon S. Xanthohumol ameliorates 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cellular toxicity in cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. J Appl Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences; Cheongju University; Cheongju Chungbuk 360-764 Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology; Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul 130-702 Republic of Korea
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Jung WW, Park SY, Chin SO, Rhee SY, Pak YK, Chon S. Actein alleviates 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated cellular dysfunction in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Environ Toxicol 2017; 32:2455-2470. [PMID: 28836330 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollutant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to affect bone metabolism. We evaluated the protective effects of the triterpene glycoside actein from the herb black cohosh against TCDD-induced toxicity in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. We found that TCDD significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis and autophagy in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells (P < .05). In addition, TCDD treatment resulted in a significant increase in intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cardiolipin peroxidation, whereas pretreatment with actein significantly mitigated these effects (P < .05). The effects of TCDD on extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), aryl hydrocarbon receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor, and cytochrome P450 1A1 levels in MC3T3-E1 cells were significantly inhibited by actein. The levels of superoxide dismutase, ERK1, and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA were also effectively restored by pretreatment with actein. Furthermore, actein treatment resulted in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen content, as well as in the expression of genes associated with osteoblastic differentiation (ALP, type I collagen, osteoprotegerin, bone sialoprotein, and osterix). This study demonstrates the underlying molecular mechanisms of cytoprotection exerted by actein against TCDD-induced oxidative stress and osteoblast damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Won Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Chin
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Park WH, Kang S, Lee HK, Salihovic S, Bavel BV, Lind PM, Pak YK, Lind L. Relationships between serum-induced AhR bioactivity or mitochondrial inhibition and circulating polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Sci Rep 2017; 7:9383. [PMID: 28839207 PMCID: PMC5571204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09774-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction have been linked to elevated serum levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, it is not clear which specific POPs contribute to aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent bioactivity or inhibit mitochondrial function in human subjects. Here, we measured the cumulative bioactivity of AhR ligand mixture (AhR bioactivity) and the effects on mitochondrial function (ATP concentration) in recombinant Hepa1c1c7 cells incubated with raw serum samples obtained from 911 elderly subjects in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. Plasma concentrations of 30 POPs and plastic chemicals have previously been determined in the same PIVUS subjects. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that total toxic equivalence (TEQ) values and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were significantly correlated with AhR bioactivity (positively) and ATP concentration (negatively). Serum AhR bioactivities were positively associated with some PCBs, regardless of their dioxin-like properties, but only dioxin-like PCBs stimulated AhR bioactivity. By contrast, PCBs mediated a reduction in ATP content independently of their dioxin-like properties. This study suggests that AhR bioactivity and ATP concentrations in serum-treated cells may be valuable surrogate biomarkers of POP exposure and could be useful for the estimation of the effects of POPs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sora Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, 01830, Korea
| | - Samira Salihovic
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Bert van Bavel
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 05, Sweden
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, SE-751 05, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Rhee SY, Oh S, Kim SW, Pak YK, Choe W, Ha J, Chon S. Tetrabromobisphenol A induces cellular damages in pancreatic β-cells in vitro. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2017; 52:624-631. [PMID: 28301301 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1294964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a well-known organobrominated flame retardant. TBBPA has been detected in the environment. The roles played by environmental pollutants in increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome are attracting increasing concern. In the present work, we investigated the effects of TBBPA on rat pancreatic β-cells (the RIN-m5F cell line). RIN-m5F cells were incubated with different concentrations of TBBPA for 48 h, and cell viability and the extent of apoptosis were determined. We also measured the levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cardiolipin, as well as the extent of cytochrome c release from mitochondria. TBBPA reduced the ATP level, induced cardiolipin peroxidation and cytochrome c release, and triggered apoptotic cell death. Moreover, TBBPA increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), nitric oxide, intracellular ROS, and mitochondrial superoxide. Together, our results indicate that TBBPA damages pancreatic β-cells by triggering mitochondrial dysfunction and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- b Department of Physiology , Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Rhee SY, Oh S, Kim SW, Pak YK, Choe W, Ha J, Chon S. Exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A induces cellular dysfunction in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2017; 52:561-570. [PMID: 28276884 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1284435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the possible involvement of oxidative stress in tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)-induced toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. To examine the potential effect of TBBPA on cultured osteoblastic cells, we measured cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial parameters including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, cardiolipin content, cytochrome c release, cyclophilin levels, and differentiation markers in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. TBBPA exposure for 48 h caused the apoptosis and cytotoxicity of MC3T3-E1 cells. TBBPA also induced ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that TBBPA induces osteoblast apoptosis and ROS production, resulting in bone diseases. Moreover, TBBPA induced cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release, and decreased ATP levels which induced apoptosis or necrosis. TBBPA decreased the differentiation markers, collagen synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition in cells. Additionally, TBBPA decreased cyclophilin A and B releases. Taken together, these data support the notion that TBBPA inhibits osteoblast function and has detrimental effects on osteoblasts through a mechanism involving oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- b Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project) , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project) , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- a Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Lee S, Kim JT, Lee HK, Kim Pak Y. MP456ARYLHYDROCARBON RECEPTOR BINDING LIGAND LEVELS ARE ELEVATED IN THE PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx172.mp456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Suh KS, Choi EM, Kim YJ, Hong SM, Park SY, Rhee SY, Oh S, Kim SW, Pak YK, Choe W, Chon S. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3871-3878. [PMID: 28440430 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several environmental contaminants have been linked to the development of diabetes and increased diabetes‑associated mortality. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a widely used perfluoroalkane found in surfactants and lubricants, and in processing aids used in the production of polymers. Furthermore, PFOA has been detected in humans, wildlife and the environment. The present study investigated the toxic effects of PFOA on rat pancreatic β‑cell‑derived RIN‑m5F cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, cytokine release and mitochondrial parameters, including membrane potential collapse, reduced adenosine triphosphate levels, cardiolipin peroxidation and cytochrome c release were assessed. PFOA significantly decreased RIN‑m5F cell viability and increased apoptosis. Exposure to PFOA increased the formation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, PFOA induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and reduced adenosine triphosphate levels, cardiolipin peroxidation and cytochrome c release. These results indicate that PFOA is associated with the induction of apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells, and induces cytotoxicity via increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Sik Suh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Hong
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yong Park
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 Project), School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Choi EM, Suh KS, Rhee SY, Oh S, Woo JT, Kim SW, Kim YS, Pak YK, Chon S. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces mitochondrial dysfunction in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2017; 52:281-289. [PMID: 27901621 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2016.1253402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a stable organic perfluorinated compound, is an emerging persistent organic pollutant, found widely in human and wildlife populations. Recent evidence suggests that exposure to environmental toxicants can be associated with higher risks of osteoporosis and fractures. We studied the cellular toxicology of PFOA in MC3T3-E1osteoblast cells. To examine the effect of PFOA, we measured cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial parameters including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cardiolipin content, and cytochrome c release in MC3T3-E1 cells. Incubating MC3T3-E1 cells in different concentrations of PFOA for 48 h resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability and significant inductions of ROS and mitochondrial superoxide. Moreover, PFOA induced MMP collapse, cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release, and decreased ATP levels, which in turn induced apoptosis or necrosis. When osteoblast differentiation markers were assessed, PFOA treatment caused a significant reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization in the cells. In summary, we found an ROS- and mitochondria-mediated pathway for the induction of cell damage by PFOA in MC3T3-E1 cells. Together, our results indicate that mitochondrial toxicity could be a plausible mechanism for the toxic effects of PFOA on osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Choi
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Sik Suh
- b Research Institute of Endocrinology, Kyung Hee University Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Oh
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woon Kim
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seol Kim
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Chung Hospital , Seongnam-si , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- d Department of Physiology , Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Lind L, Lind PM, Lejonklou MH, Dunder L, Bergman Å, Guerrero-Bosagna C, Lampa E, Lee HK, Legler J, Nadal A, Pak YK, Phipps RP, Vandenberg LN, Zalko D, Ågerstrand M, Öberg M, Blumberg B, Heindel JJ, Birnbaum LS. Uppsala Consensus Statement on Environmental Contaminants and the Global Obesity Epidemic. Environ Health Perspect 2016; 124:A81-3. [PMID: 27135406 PMCID: PMC4858400 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1511115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Summary: From the lectures presented at the 2nd International Workshop on Obesity and Environmental Contaminants, which was held in Uppsala, Sweden, on 8–9 October 2015, it became evident that the findings from numerous animal and epidemiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental contaminants could contribute to the global obesity epidemic. To increase awareness of this important issue among scientists, regulatory agencies, politicians, chemical industry management, and the general public, the authors summarize compelling scientific evidence that supports the hypothesis and discuss actions that could restrict the possible harmful effects of environmental contaminants on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - P. Monica Lind
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Address correspondence to L. Lind, Department of Medical Sciences, Akademiska sjukhuset, Entrance 40, Plan 5, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden. Telephone: 46186114959. E-mail:
| | - Margareta H. Lejonklou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Dunder
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Bergman
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Lampa
- Uppsala Clinical Research (UCR) Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angel Nadal
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, CIBERDEM Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Laura N. Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR1331 (Unité Mixe de Recherche 1331), Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France
- University of Toulouse, INPT (Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse), UPS (Universite Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Öberg
- Swedish Toxicology Sciences Research Center (Swetox), Södertalje, Sweden
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, USA
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Park WH, Kang S, Piao Y, Pak CJ, Oh MS, Kim J, Kang MS, Pak YK. Ethanol extract of Bupleurum falcatum and saikosaponins inhibit neuroinflammation via inhibition of NF-κB. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:37-44. [PMID: 26231448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Bupleurum falcatum L. (BF) has been used in traditional Korean and Chinese medicines for over 2000 years to treat infections, fever, and chronic liver diseases. Among the many active compounds in BF ethanol extract (BFE), saikosaponins exert pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory effects. Activated microglial cells release a variety of pro-inflammatory substances, leading to neuronal cell death and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of BFE using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells and LPS-intraperitoneal injected C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried roots of BF were extracted with 70% ethanol (tenfold volume) on a stirring plate for 24h at room temperature to prepare BFE. Pure saikosaponins (SB3, SB4, and SD) were prepared by solvent extraction and column chromatography fractionation. BV2 murine microglial cells were treated with BFE or saikosaponins for 4h and stimulated with LPS. Generation of nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from activated microglial cells were monitored. The effects of BFE on NF-κB activation were determined using RT-PCR, reporter assay, and immunostaining. The in vivo effects of BFE were also assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections from LPS-injected mouse brains. RESULTS Treatment with BFE or saikosaponins dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced production of NO, iNOS mRNA, and ROS by 30-50%. They reduced LPS-mediated increases in the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α by approximately 30-70% without affecting cell viability, and decreased LPS-mediated NF-κB activity via reducing p65/RELA mRNA, transcriptional activity, and nuclear localization of NF-κB. BFE also reduced LPS-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and substantia nigra of LPS-injected mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BFE may be effective for reducing neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration through suppressing NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Ha Park
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Kang
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying Piao
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Christine Jeehye Pak
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kang
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea.
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Kim H, Oh Y, Kim K, Jeong S, Chon S, Kim D, Jung MH, Pak YK, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. Cyclophilin A regulates JNK/p38-MAPK signaling through its physical interaction with ASK1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:112-7. [PMID: 26095851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA), a member of the immunophilin family, is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. The peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity of CypA has been demonstrated to be involved in diverse cellular processes, including intracellular protein trafficking, mitochondrial function, pre-mRNA processing, and maintenance of multiprotein complex stability. In this study, we have demonstrated that CypA regulates apoptosis signaling-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) through its direct binding. ASK1 is a member of MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family, and selectively activates both JNK and p38 MAPK pathways. Here, we also report that CypA negatively regulates phosphorylation of ASK1 at Ser966, and that CypA reduces ASK1 and its downstream kinases of the JNK and p38 signaling. ASK1 is known to induce caspase-3 activation and apoptosis, and CypA inhibited ASK1-mediated apoptosis by decrease in caspase-3 activity under cellular stress conditions. Overall, we conclude that CypA negatively regulates ASK1 functions by its physical interaction with ASK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunsung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojung Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyun Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehong Kim
- Molecular Imaging & Therapy Branch, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu1dong Ilsandonggu Goyangsi, Gyeonggydo 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-731, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BK21 project), Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
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Roh E, Kwak SH, Jung HS, Cho YM, Pak YK, Park KS, Kim SY, Lee HK. Serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand activity is associated with insulin resistance and resulting type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:489-95. [PMID: 25385058 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dioxin or dioxin-like compounds are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor. There are limited studies about the association of serum AhR ligand activities and T2DM. Our objective was to investigate the association of serum AhR ligand activities with T2DM and its related metabolic parameters. METHODS This case-control study involved 83 subjects with T2DM as well as age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 130) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 83). Serum AhR ligand activities were measured using a cell-based AhR ligand assay and standardized as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDDeq, pmol/l). RESULTS The T2DM group had the highest AhR ligand activities compared to the IGT and NGT groups [median (interquartile range), 68.1 (53.1, 81.5), 60.2 (45.8, 75.1), and 53.3 (46.1, 63.7) pmol/l, respectively; P = 0.003]. In the multivariate analysis, the log2-transformed TCDDeq levels were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (odds ratio 2.26, 95 % confidence interval 1.34-3.82; P = 0.002). In nondiabetic subjects, serum AhR ligand activities showed a positive correlation with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, but showed a negative correlation with adiponectin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Serum AhR ligand activities were higher in the T2DM group and were correlated with the parameters of insulin resistance. Further investigation is required to elucidate the causal relationship between AhR ligand activity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Roh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
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Kim J, Piao Y, Pak YK, Chung D, Han YM, Hong JS, Jun EJ, Shim JY, Choi J, Kim CJ. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells affected by gestational diabetes mellitus display premature aging and mitochondrial dysfunction. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:575-86. [PMID: 25437179 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) of Wharton's jelly origin undergo adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. Recent studies have consistently shown their therapeutic potential in various human disease models. However, the biological effects of major pregnancy complications on the cellular properties of hUC-MSCs remain to be studied. In this study, we compared the basic properties of hUC-MSCs obtained from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients (GDM-UC-MSCs) and normal pregnant women (N-UC-MSCs). Assessments of cumulative cell growth, MSC marker expression, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial function-related gene expression were performed using a cell count assay, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and cell-based mitochondrial functional assay system. When compared with N-UC-MSCs, GDM-UC-MSCs showed decreased cell growth and earlier cellular senescence with accumulation of p16 and p53, even though they expressed similar levels of CD105, CD90, and CD73 MSC marker proteins. GDM-UC-MSCs also displayed significantly lower osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potentials than N-UC-MSCs. Furthermore, GDM-UC-MSCs exhibited a low mitochondrial activity and significantly reduced expression of the mitochondrial function regulatory genes ND2, ND9, COX1, PGC-1α, and TFAM. Here, we report intriguing and novel evidence that maternal metabolic derangement during gestation affects the biological properties of fetal cells, which may be a component of fetal programming. Our findings also underscore the importance of the critical assessment of the biological impact of maternal-fetal conditions in biological studies and clinical applications of hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeon Kim
- 1 Departments of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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Kim HG, Park G, Piao Y, Kang MS, Pak YK, Hong SP, Oh MS. Effects of the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa on mitochondria-mediated neuroprotection in an MPTP-induced model of Parkinson’s disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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You X, Kim J, Pak YK, Pak JJ. Preparation and application of graphene-poly (diallyldimethylammoniumchloride)-iron oxide nanoparticles buckypaper for hydrogen peroxide detection. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:7349-7357. [PMID: 24245254 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have reported the preparation and characterization of a novel, freestanding, paper-like graphene (G)-poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (PDDA)-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) composite. This G-based flexible buckypaper (BP) composed of stacked G-PDDA-NP platelets exhibited excellent mechanical properties, superior electrical properties, and enzyme mimetic activity, making it potentially suitable for in electrochemical sensor applications. The negatively charged NPs were immobilized on positively charged G-PDDA through the electrostatic interaction to form nanoscale G-PDDA-NP platelets, which were further assembled by flow-directed assembly to form BP. The resulting BP has macroscopic flexibility and stiffness due to the van der Waals forces between nanoscale G-PDDA-NP platelets and interlocking-tile arrangement of the platelets. The morphology and structure of the individual G-PDDA-NP platelets and the resulting BP were analyzed by using AFM, SEM and EDX. The BP was attached to an Au or Pt electrode to construct a non-enzyme H2O2 chemical sensor. The NPs acted as a "spacer" to increase the distance between the G sheets and decrease the chances of formation of a stacked graphitic structure, thereby increasing the surface area of the G electrode. The Fe3O4 NPs immobilized and embedded in the BP have intrinsic enzyme mimetic activity like natural peroxidase. The high surface area and excellent electrical conductivity of G improved the catalytic properties of NPs. The obtained H2O2, chemical sensor exhibited prominent electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2, with a wide linear range from 10 ppm (approximately 0.3 mM) to 800 ppm (approximately 23 mM), correlation coefficient of 0.986, and a high sensitivity of 218 microA mM(-1) x cm(-2). Such low-cost G-PDDA-NP composite BPs prepared by facile methods pave way towards novel sensors with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueque You
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, 5-Ga, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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Park WH, Jun DW, Kim JT, Jeong JH, Park H, Chang YS, Park KS, Lee HK, Pak YK. Novel cell-based assay reveals associations of circulating serum AhR-ligands with metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Biofactors 2013; 39:494-504. [PMID: 23361953 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of environmental pollutants have been positively correlated with diabetes and metabolic syndrome in epidemiologic studies. In turn, abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with the diseases. The relationships between these variables, however, have not been studied. We developed novel cell-based aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist bioassay system without solvent extraction process and analyzed whether low-dose circulating AhR ligands in human serum are associated with parameters of metabolic syndrome and mitochondrial function. Serum AhR ligand activities were measured as serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalent (sTCDDeq) in pM using 10 μL human sera from 97 Korean participants (47 with glucose intolerance and 50 matched controls, average age of 46.6 ± 9.9 years, 53 male and 45 female). sTCDDeq were higher in participants with glucose intolerance than normal controls and were positively associated (P < 0.01) with obesity, blood pressure, serum triglyceride, and fasting glucose, but not with HDL-cholesterol. Body mass index was in a positive linear relationship with serum AhR ligands in healthy participants. When myoblast cells were incubated with human sera, ATP generating power of mitochondria became impaired in an AhR ligand concentration-dependent manner. Our results support that circulating AhR ligands may directly reduce mitochondrial function in tissues, leading to weight gain, glucose intolerance, and metabolic syndrome. Our rapid cell-based assay using minute volume of human serum may provide one of the best monitoring systems for circulating AhR ligands, good clinical biomarkers for the progress of disease and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook-Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JT, Kim SS, Jun DW, Hwang YH, Park WH, Pak YK, Lee HK. Serum arylhydrocarbon receptor transactivating activity is elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4:483-91. [PMID: 24843699 PMCID: PMC4025111 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Evidence is emerging that exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a risk factor for obesity‐related diseases and for diabetes mellitus (DM). We found that POPs could be measured by a cell‐based arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR)‐dependent reporter assay. We tested if serum AhR transactivating (AHRT) activities are a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy in people with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods We enrolled diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (n = 36), microalbuminuria (n = 29), macroalbuminuria (n = 8) and end‐stage renal disease (n = 31). Sera were tested for their AHRT activities, which were standardized by an AhR ligand, 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) and expressed as TCDD equivalents (TCDDeq pmol/L). Results Mean serum AHRT activities were higher in patients with microalbuminuria (40.1 ± 7.1 pmol/L), macroalbuminuria (37.4 ± 5.5 pmol/L) and end‐stage renal disease (59.1 ± 20.0 pmol/L) than in subjects with normoalbuminuria (12.7 ± 5.4 pmol/L; P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Serum AhR ligands showed a correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; r = −0.663, P < 0.001), serum creatinine level (r = 0.635, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.223, P = 0.026), glycated hemoglobim (r = 0.339, P < 0.001) and diabetic duration (r = 0.394, P < 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis, diabetic nephropathy was found to be an independent risk factor for higher AHRT activity after controlling for the confounding factors. Conclusions The present findings suggest serum AHRT activity, thus serum AhR ligands, is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy. Further studies are required to clarify if an accumulation of POPs in the body is causally related to diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Taek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Eulji University Seoul Korea
| | | | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Hanyang University Seoul Korea
| | - Young Hwan Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Eulji University Seoul Korea
| | - Wook-Ha Park
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology College of Medicine Kyung Hee University Seoul Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine Eulji University Seoul Korea
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Abstract
Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays an important role in the cholesterol homeostasis. We examined the possible circadian regulation of LDLR and mechanism(s) underlying it. In mice, blood glucose and plasma triglyceride, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol varied distinctively throughout a day. In addition, LDLR mRNA oscillated in the liver in a functional clock-dependent manner. Accordingly, analysis of human LDLR promoter sequence revealed three putative E-boxes, raising the possible regulation of LDLR expression by E-box-binding transcription factors. To test this possibility, human LDLR promoter reporter constructs were transfected into HepG2 cells and the effects of CLOCK/BMAL1, Hes1, and Hes6 expression were analyzed. It was found that positive circadian transcription factor complex CLOCK/BMAL1 upregulated human LDLR promoter activity in a serum-independent manner, while Hes family members Hes1 and Hes6 downregulated it only under serum-depleted conditions. Both effects were mapped to proximal promoter region of human LDLR, where mutation or deletion of well-known sterol regulatory element (SRE) abolished only the repressive effect of Hes1. Interestingly, hes6 and hes1 mRNA oscillated in an anti-phasic manner in the wild-type but not in the per1-/-per2 -/- mouse. Comparative analysis of mouse, rat and human hes6 genes revealed that three E-boxes are conserved among three species. Transfection and site-directed mutagenesis studies with hes6 reporter constructs confirmed that the third E-box in the exon IV is functionally induced by CLOCK/BMAL1. Taken together, these results suggest that LDLR expression is under circadian control involving CLOCK/BMAL1 and Hes family members Hes1 and Hes6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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Yoon JA, Han DH, Noh JY, Kim MH, Son GH, Kim K, Kim CJ, Pak YK, Cho S. Meal time shift disturbs circadian rhythmicity along with metabolic and behavioral alterations in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44053. [PMID: 22952870 PMCID: PMC3428308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, growing numbers of people are engaged in various forms of shift works or trans-meridian travels. Such circadian misalignment is known to disturb endogenous diurnal rhythms, which may lead to harmful physiological consequences including metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and gastric disorders as well as other physical and mental disorders. However, the precise mechanism(s) underlying these changes are yet unclear. The present work, therefore examined the effects of 6 h advance or delay of usual meal time on diurnal rhythmicities in home cage activity (HCA), body temperature (BT), blood metabolic markers, glucose homeostasis, and expression of genes that are involved in cholesterol homeostasis by feeding young adult male mice in a time-restrictive manner. Delay of meal time caused locomotive hyperactivity in a significant portion (42%) of subjects, while 6 h advance caused a torpor-like symptom during the late scotophase. Accordingly, daily rhythms of blood glucose and triglyceride were differentially affected by time-restrictive feeding regimen with concurrent metabolic alterations. Along with these physiological changes, time-restrictive feeding also influenced the circadian expression patterns of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as well as most LDLR regulatory factors. Strikingly, chronic advance of meal time induced insulin resistance, while chronic delay significantly elevated blood glucose levels. Taken together, our findings indicate that persistent shifts in usual meal time impact the diurnal rhythms of carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in addition to HCA and BT, thereby posing critical implications for the health and diseases of shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Han
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Yun Noh
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Hee Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sehyung Cho
- Department of Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication and characteristics of a new aptamer-based electrochemical immunosensor on the patterned zinc oxide nanorod networks (ZNNs) for detecting thrombin. Aptamers are single-stranded RNA or DNA sequence that binds to target materials with high specificity and affinity. An antibody-antigen-aptamer sandwich structure was employed to this immunosensor for detecting thrombin. First, hydrothermally grown ZNNs were patterned on the patterned 0.02 cm2 Au/Ti electrodes on a glass substrate by lift-off process. The high isoelectric point (IEP, approximately 9.5) of nanostructured ZnO makes it suitable for immobilizing proteins with low IEP. Then 5 microL of the 500 nM antibody was immobilized on the ZNNs electrode. 5 micro/L of the mixture of 1 microM aptamer labeled by ferrocene (Fc) and thrombin was dropped on the electrode for antibody-antigen binding. The peak oxidation currents of the immunosensors at various thrombin concentrations were measured by using cyclic voltammetry. The peak oxidation current was observed at 340 mV versus Ag/AgCl electrode, and the peak oxidation current increased linearly from 62.26 nA to 354.13 nA with the logarithmic concentration of thrombin in the range from 100 pM to 250 nM. Fabrication of an aptamer-based immunosensor for thrombin detection is a new attempt and the characteristics of the fabricated immunosensors showed that the fabricated aptamer-baded immunosensor worked electrochemically well and had a low detection limit (approximately 91.04 pM) and good selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonkyung Nam
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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Jang Y, Park J, Pak YK, Pak JJ. Immunosensor based on the ZnO nanorod networks for the detection of H1N1 swine influenza virus. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5173-5177. [PMID: 22966541 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an immunosensor fabricated on patterned zinc oxide nanorod networks (ZNNs) for detecting the H1N1 swine influenza virus (H1N1 SIV). Nanostructured ZnO with a high isoelectric point (IEP, approximately 9.5) possesses good absorbability for proteins with low IEPs. Hydrothermally grown ZNNs were fabricated on a patterned Au electrode (0.02 cm2) through a lift-off process. To detect the H1N1 SIV, the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was employed in the immunosensor. The immunosensor was evaluated in an acetate buffer solution containing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) via cyclic voltammetry at various H1N1 SIV concentrations (1 pg/mL-5 ng/mL). The measurement results of the fabricated immunosensor showed that the reduction currents of TMB at 0.25 V logarithmically increased from 259.37 to 577.98 nA as the H1N1 SIV concentration changed from 1 pg/mL to 5 ng/mL. An H1N1 SIV immunosensor, based on the patterned ZNNs, was successfully realized for detecting 1 pg/mL-5 ng/mL H1N1 SIV concentrations, with a detection limit of 1 pg/mL for H1N1 SIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University Anam-dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Lee GJ, Jeong JH, Lee S, Choi S, Pak YK, Kim W, Park HK. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of heart mitochondria for evaluating the degree of myocardial injury utilizing atomic force microscopy. Micron 2012; 44:167-73. [PMID: 22809584 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in mediating both the necrotic and apoptotic components of reperfusion injury. Because mitochondrial swelling is one of the most important indicators of the beginning of mitochondrial permeability transition, quantification of morphological changes in mitochondria would be useful in evaluating the degree of IR injury, as well as the protective effects of various therapies. In this study, we characterized the morphological changes in heart mitochondria caused by the duration and severity of ischemia utilizing particle shape analysis on atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographic images. We also simultaneously investigated the nano-mechanical changes in rat heart mitochondria by injury using force-distance curve measurements. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (n=3), myocardial ischemia without reperfusion (PI group, n=3), and myocardial ischemia with reperfusion (IR group, n=4). Normal mitochondria appeared ellipsoidal with a mean area of 3551±1559 nm(2) and mean perimeter of 217.54±52.09 nm (n=60). The mean area and perimeter of mitochondria in the IR groups increased to 28,181±21,248 nm(2) and 595.74±234.29 nm (n=40, p<0.0001 vs. control group, respectively), maintaining oval in shape. But, in the PI group, all parameters showed significant differences compared to parameters of the control group (n=35, p<0.0001). In particular, the mean axial ratio and roundness were significantly different from those in the IR group. Mitochondria in the PI group looked more spherical than those of control and IR groups. Adhesion force is the force before the last event on the retraction half of force-distance curve measurements, corresponding to the point where the tip and the surface loose contact. The adhesion forces of heart mitochondria in the IR and PI groups significantly decreased to 19.56±1.08 nN (n=30, p<0.0001) and 18.65±3.18 nN (n=30, p<0.0001), compared to normal mitochondria which had an adhesion force of 27.64±0.88 nN (n=30). Adhesion force is governed by the attractive portion of the interacting forces between the surface atoms of the contacts. From the morphological and nano-mechanical changes in heart mitochondria, we suggested that the outer membranes of mitochondria were broken by myocardial ischemic injury before they became swollen, and the swelling might be correlated with the ischemic injury. We inferred that the breakage of membranes leads to uptake of water and matrix swelling. As a result, shape measurement parameters for the quantitative analysis of mitochondrial swelling could be very effective for evaluating the myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Ja Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Healthcare Industry Research Institute, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Kim JE, Ji ES, Seo JH, Lee MH, Cho S, Pak YK, Seo TB, Kim CJ. Alcohol exposure induces depression-like behavior by decreasing hippocampal neuronal proliferation through inhibition of the BDNF-ERK pathway in gerbils. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2011.640352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Piao Y, Kim HG, Oh MS, Pak YK. Overexpression of TFAM, NRF-1 and myr-AKT protects the MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:577-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Park WH, Pak YK. Insulin-dependent suppression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase is a possible link between glucose and cholesterol metabolisms. Exp Mol Med 2012; 43:571-9. [PMID: 21817852 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) regulates the balance between cholesterol supply and metabolism by catalyzing the rate-limiting step of bile acid biosynthesis. The transcriptional activity of CYP7A1 is tightly controlled by various nuclear receptors. A forkhead transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) plays a critical role in metabolism, and insulin inactivates FOXO1 through Akt-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion. We investigated the role of insulin- Akt-FOXO1 signaling pathway in CYP7A1 transcriptional regulation since we found putative insulin-response elements, FOXO1 binding sequences, in both rat and human CYP7A1 promoters. However, ectopic expression of FOXO1 increased the rat CYP7A1-, but mildly reduced human CYP7A1-promoter activities in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly to bile acids, insulin treatment increased small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA rapidly and transiently, leading to the suppression of CYP7A1 transcription in both human and rodents. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that FOXO1 directly bound to rat CYP1A1 promoter in the absence of insulin. FOXO1 binding to the rat promoter was diminished by insulin treatment as well as by expression of SHP. Our results suggest that the stimulation of insulin- signaling pathway of Akt-FOXO1 and SHP expression may regulate cholesterol/bile acid metabolisms in liver, linking carbohydrate and cholesterol metabolic pathways. A prolonged exposure of insulin in hyperinsulinemic insulin resistance or diabetic status represses CYP7A1 transcription and bile acid biosynthesis through SHP induction and FOXO1 inactivation, leading to impairment of the hepatic cholesterol/bile acid metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Koo HJ, Piao Y, Pak YK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress impairs insulin signaling through mitochondrial damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Neurosignals 2012; 20:265-80. [PMID: 22378314 DOI: 10.1159/000333069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress are considered causal factors that induce neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between these stresses remains poorly understood. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria in neurodegeneration, we treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with thapsigargin and tunicamycin, two inducers of ER stress, and atrazine, a promoter of mitochondrial stress. Each pharmacological agent caused mitochondrial dysfunction, which was characterized by reduced intracellular ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, and endogenous cellular respiration as well as an augmentation of oxidative stress. Oligonucleotide microarray analysis followed by semiquantitative RT-PCR validation assays revealed that thapsigargin and tunicamycin downregulated the expression of most mitochondria-related genes in a manner similar to that induced by atrazine. In contrast, atrazine did not alter the expression of markers of ER stress. Three-dimensional principal component analysis showed that the gene expression profile produced by atrazine treatment was distinct from that generated by ER stress. However, all three agents impaired insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt phosphorylation in the insulin signaling pathway. Ectopic overexpression of mitochondrial transcription factor A reversed the effects of thapsigargin on mitochondria and Akt signaling. We conclude that ER stress induces neuronal cell death through common perturbation of mitochondrial function and Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Koo
- Neurodegeneration Control Research Center, Department of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Ko IG, Cho H, Kim SE, Kim JE, Sung YH, Kim BK, Shin MS, Cho S, Pak YK, Kim CJ. Hypothermia alleviates hypoxic ischemia-induced dopamine dysfunction and memory impairment in rats. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2011.607514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Moon YJ, Lee JY, Oh MS, Pak YK, Park KS, Oh TH, Yune TY. Inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress by Angelica dahuricae radix extract decreases apoptotic cell death and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury. J Neurosci Res 2011; 90:243-56. [PMID: 21922518 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play major roles in the pathogenesis after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we examined the neuroprotective effects of Angelica dahuricae radix (ADR) extract after SCI. ADR extract significantly decreased the levels of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cell line, BV2 cells. ADR extract also significantly alleviated the level of reactive oxygen species in LPS-activated BV2 cells. To examine the neuroprotective effect of ADR extract after SCI, spinally injured rats were administered ADR extract orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 14 days. ADR extract treatment significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2. The levels of superoxide anion (O(2·)(-)) and protein nitration were also significantly decreased by ADR extract. In addition, ADR extract inhibited p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and pronerve growth factor expression in microglia after SCI. Furthermore, ADR extract significantly inhibited caspase-3 activation following apoptotic cell death of neurons and oligodendrocytes, thereby improving functional recovery after injury. Thus, our data suggest that ADR extract provides neuroprotection by alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress and can be used as an orally administered therapeutic agent for acute SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Joo Moon
- Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeon J, Jeong JH, Baek JH, Koo HJ, Park WH, Yang JS, Yu MH, Kim S, Pak YK. Network clustering revealed the systemic alterations of mitochondrial protein expression. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1002093. [PMID: 21738461 PMCID: PMC3127811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial protein repertoire varies depending on the cellular state. Protein component modifications caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion are related to a wide range of human diseases; however, little is known about how nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins (mt proteome) changes under such dysfunctional states. In this study, we investigated the systemic alterations of mtDNA-depleted (ρ0) mitochondria by using network analysis of gene expression data. By modularizing the quantified proteomics data into protein functional networks, systemic properties of mitochondrial dysfunction were analyzed. We discovered that up-regulated and down-regulated proteins were organized into two predominant subnetworks that exhibited distinct biological processes. The down-regulated network modules are involved in typical mitochondrial functions, while up-regulated proteins are responsible for mtDNA repair and regulation of mt protein expression and transport. Furthermore, comparisons of proteome and transcriptome data revealed that ρ0 cells attempted to compensate for mtDNA depletion by modulating the coordinated expression/transport of mt proteins. Our results demonstrate that mt protein composition changed to remodel the functional organization of mitochondrial protein networks in response to dysfunctional cellular states. Human mt protein functional networks provide a framework for understanding how cells respond to mitochondrial dysfunctions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are essential for energy production and cellular processes in eukaryotic cells, and their functional failure is a major cause of age-associated degenerative diseases. To meet the specific needs of different cellular states, mitochondrial protein repertoires are adjusted. It is critical to characterize the systemic alterations of mitochondria to different cellular states to understand the dynamic organization of mitochondrial systems. In this study, we modularized the quantified proteomics data into protein functional networks to characterize gene expression changes under dysfunctional mitochondrial conditions. Our results demonstrate that mitochondrial protein repertoires changed to compensate for dysfunctional cellular states by reorganizing mitochondrial protein functional network. Through network clustering analysis, we discovered that cells respond to pathological conditions by modulating the coordinated expression/transport of mitochondrial proteins. Network analysis of mt proteins can advance our understanding of dysfunctional mitochondrial systems and elucidate the candidate mt proteins involved in human mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouhyun Jeon
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Baek
- Functional Proteomics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Koo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook-Ha Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Yang
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Myeong-Hee Yu
- Functional Proteomics Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanguk Kim
- Division of Molecular and Life Science, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Division of ITCE engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- * E-mail: (SK); (YKP)
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SK); (YKP)
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Lim JH, Lee HJ, Pak YK, Kim WH, Song J. Organelle stress-induced activating transcription factor-3 downregulates low-density lipoprotein receptor expression in Sk-Hep1 human liver cells. Biol Chem 2011; 392:377-85. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2011.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a central role in cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we provide evidence that an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response or a disturbance of mitochondrial function inhibits LDLR expression in human liver Sk-Hep1 cells. Both organelle stresses triggered activation of activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3), which subsequently reduced LDLR expression. Serial deletion studies revealed that the LDLR promoter region within -234 bp was involved in the repression of LDLR by ATF3. In addition, we identified the region between -8 and -3 of LDLR promoter region as a putative binding site for ATF3 by using deletion construct lacking 6 bp nucleotide corresponding to this region. Transfection of ATF3-specific siRNA rescued LDLR expression under organelle stress, indicating that ATF3 was mainly responsible for the repression of LDLR by these stressors. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that ATF3 directly binds to the LDLR promoter in a stress-dependent manner. The unique sterol-independent LDLR repression by organelle stress via ATF3 demonstrated here could be involved in obesity-related hypercholesterolemia, which can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Lee GJ, Chae SJ, Jeong JH, Lee SR, Ha SJ, Pak YK, Kim W, Park HK. Characterization of mitochondria isolated from normal and ischemic hearts in rats utilizing atomic force microscopy. Micron 2011; 42:299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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