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Han E, Montes C, Hussain SG, Krupnik TJ. Agronomic monsoon onset definitions to support planting decisions for rainfed rice in Bangladesh. Clim Change 2024; 177:77. [PMID: 38751967 PMCID: PMC11090806 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-024-03736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The usability gaps between climate information producers and users have always been an issue in climate services. This study aims to tackle the gap for rice farmers in Bangladesh by exploring the potential value of tailored agronomic monsoon onset definitions. Summer aman rice is primarily cultivated under rainfed conditions, and farmers rely largely on monsoon rainfall and its onset for crop establishment. However, farmers' perception of the arrival of sufficient rains does not necessarily coincide with meteorological definitions of monsoon onset. Therefore, localized agronomic definitions of monsoon onset need to be developed and evaluated to advance in the targeted actionable climate forecast. We analyzed historical daily rainfall from four locations across a north-south gradient in Bangladesh and defined dynamic definitions of monsoon onset based on a set of local parameters. The agronomic onset definition was evaluated in terms of attainable yields simulated by a rice simulation model compared to results obtained using conventional meteorological onset parameters defined by the amount of rainfall received and static onset dates. Our results show that average simulated yields increase up to 7 - 9% and probabilities of getting lower yields are reduced when the year-to-year varying dynamic onset is used over the two drier locations under fully rainfed conditions. It is mainly due to earlier transplanting dates, avoiding the impact of drought experienced with early monsoon demise. However, no yield increases are observed over the two wetter locations. This study shows the potential benefits of generating "localized and translated" climate predictions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10584-024-03736-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Han
- Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA
| | - Carlo Montes
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Sk. Ghulam Hussain
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Timothy J. Krupnik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Grilo S, Bryant M, Garbers S, Wiggin M, Samari G. Effects of a Mentoring Program for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color and First-Generation Public Health Students. Public Health Rep 2024; 139:385-393. [PMID: 37408339 PMCID: PMC11037226 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231181346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among graduate public health students, Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC; including Latinx, Asian, Middle Eastern and North African, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and multiracial) experience educational and personal challenges that require institutional support and reform. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an antiracist mentorship program on the sense of belonging and overall experience among BIPOC and first-generation students at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. METHODS We used 2 data sources to retrospectively evaluate experiences of BIPOC and first-generation graduate students: the 2021 Mentoring of Students and Igniting Community (MOSAIC) Student Survey (n = 39), which collected data on experiences of students who participated in the MOSAIC program, and the 2016-2020 Graduate Exit Surveys (n = 1222), which collected data on graduating students' experiences, satisfaction, and perspectives on diversity, equity, and inclusion. A difference-in-difference analysis compared overall experience, public health career preparedness, quality of life, and department satisfaction among all students before (2016-2018) and after (2019-2020) implementation of the MOSAIC program. RESULTS Satisfaction among graduate students attributable to the MOSAIC program introduced in 2019 increased by about 25%. Compared with students who had not been exposed to MOSAIC, students exposed to MOSAIC had a 25% positive difference (P = .003) in overall graduate school experience, a 28% difference (P < .001) in quality of life, and a 10% difference (P = .001) in satisfaction with their departments. CONCLUSION Mentorship for BIPOC and first-generation public health graduate students offers an effective strategy to improve student experiences and satisfaction with graduate departments and, ultimately, may help students meet educational and professional goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Grilo
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monét Bryant
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Garbers
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maggie Wiggin
- Office of Education, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goleen Samari
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Beauchemin MP, Solomon S, Michaels CL, McHenry K, Turi E, Khurana R, Sanabria G. Toward identification and intervention to address financial toxicity and unmet health-related social needs among adolescents and emerging adults with cancer and their caregivers: A cross-cultural perspective. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7197. [PMID: 38659403 PMCID: PMC11043682 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We qualitatively explored the unique needs and preferences for financial toxicity screening and interventions to address financial toxicity among adolescents and emerging adults (younger AYAs: 15-25 years) with cancer and their caregivers. METHODS We recruited English- or Spanish-speaking younger AYAs who were treated for cancer within the past 2 years and their caregivers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore preferences for screening and interventional study development to address financial toxicity. The data were coded using conventional content analysis. Codes were reviewed with the study team, and interviews continued until saturation was reached; codes were consolidated into categories and themes during consensus discussions. RESULTS We interviewed 17 participants; nine were younger AYAs. Seven of the 17 preferred to speak Spanish. We identified three cross-cutting themes: burden, support, and routine, consistent, and clear. The burden came in the form of unexpected costs such as transportation to appointments, as well as emotional burdens such as AYAs worrying about how much their family sacrificed for their care or caregivers worrying about the AYA's physical and financial future. Support, in the form of familial, community, healthcare institution, and insurance, was critical to mitigating the effects of financial toxicity in this population. Participants emphasized the importance of meeting individual financial needs by routinely and consistently asking about financial factors and providing clear guidance to navigate these needs. CONCLUSION Younger AYAs and their caregivers experience significant financial challenges and unmet health-related social needs during cancer treatment and often rely on key supports to alleviate these unmet needs. When developing interventions to mitigate financial toxicity, clinicians and health systems should prioritize clear, consistent, and tailorable approaches to support younger AYA cancer survivors and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa P. Beauchemin
- School of NursingColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Samrawit Solomon
- School of NursingColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Claudia L. Michaels
- School of NursingColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kathryn McHenry
- School of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Eleanor Turi
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rhea Khurana
- School of NursingColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Szekely O, Rangadurai AK, Gu S, Manghrani A, Guseva S, Al-Hashimi HM. NMR measurements of transient low-populated tautomeric and anionic Watson-Crick-like G·T/U in RNA:DNA hybrids: implications for the fidelity of transcription and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2672-2685. [PMID: 38281263 PMCID: PMC10954477 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Many biochemical processes use the Watson-Crick geometry to distinguish correct from incorrect base pairing. However, on rare occasions, mismatches such as G·T/U can transiently adopt Watson-Crick-like conformations through tautomerization or ionization of the bases, giving rise to replicative and translational errors. The propensities to form Watson-Crick-like mismatches in RNA:DNA hybrids remain unknown, making it unclear whether they can also contribute to errors during processes such as transcription and CRISPR/Cas editing. Here, using NMR R1ρ experiments, we show that dG·rU and dT·rG mismatches in two RNA:DNA hybrids transiently form tautomeric (Genol·T/U $ \mathbin{\lower.3ex\hbox{$\buildrel\textstyle\rightarrow\over {\smash{\leftarrow}\vphantom{_{\vbox to.5ex{\vss}}}}$}}$ G·Tenol/Uenol) and anionic (G·T-/U-) Watson-Crick-like conformations. The tautomerization dynamics were like those measured in A-RNA and B-DNA duplexes. However, anionic dG·rU- formed with a ten-fold higher propensity relative to dT-·rG and dG·dT- and this could be attributed to the lower pKa (ΔpKa ∼0.4-0.9) of U versus T. Our findings suggest plausible roles for Watson-Crick-like G·T/U mismatches in transcriptional errors and CRISPR/Cas9 off-target gene editing, uncover a crucial difference between the chemical dynamics of G·U versus G·T, and indicate that anionic Watson-Crick-like G·U- could play a significant role evading Watson-Crick fidelity checkpoints in RNA:DNA hybrids and RNA duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Szekely
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Gu
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, NY, NY 10032, USA
| | - Akanksha Manghrani
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, NY, NY 10032, USA
| | - Serafima Guseva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, NY, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hashim M Al-Hashimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, NY, NY 10032, USA
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Chae J. 7-day patterns in Black-White segregation in 49 metropolitan areas. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6740. [PMID: 38509129 PMCID: PMC10954647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
While residential segregation is a persistent attribute of metropolitan areas, recent studies find segregation levels fluctuate throughout the day, reaching their lowest levels during daytime hours. This paper shows hourly variations in Black-White segregation from Monday through Sunday for the top 49 most populated metropolitan areas with Global Positioning System (GPS) data collected from mobile phones from October 2018. I find that segregation levels are higher on average over weekends compared to that of weekdays. I use models to identify the characteristics of neighborhoods with higher levels of segregation on weekends, which include all demographic variables and nearly a third of 35 sectors of businesses and organizations, such as retail, personal care, and religious organizations. I also find more than a third of the sectors are associated with higher levels of segregation during business hours on weekdays, including academic institutions, health care, manufacturing, and financial institutions. Findings from this paper display the significance in the distinction between weekdays and weekends with where people spend their time and how this relates to racial segregation. Specifically, Black people, on average, stay in their home census tracts and visit non-White neighborhoods for organizational resources more so than White people. Significant patterns of associations between racial segregation and the majority of businesses demonstrate the salience of race for more industries than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Chae
- Columbia University in the City of New York, Sociology, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Liu Y, Jin Y, Azizi E, Blumberg AJ. Cellstitch: 3D cellular anisotropic image segmentation via optimal transport. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:480. [PMID: 38102537 PMCID: PMC10724925 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial mapping of transcriptional states provides valuable biological insights into cellular functions and interactions in the context of the tissue. Accurate 3D cell segmentation is a critical step in the analysis of this data towards understanding diseases and normal development in situ. Current approaches designed to automate 3D segmentation include stitching masks along one dimension, training a 3D neural network architecture from scratch, and reconstructing a 3D volume from 2D segmentations on all dimensions. However, the applicability of existing methods is hampered by inaccurate segmentations along the non-stitching dimensions, the lack of high-quality diverse 3D training data, and inhomogeneity of image resolution along orthogonal directions due to acquisition constraints; as a result, they have not been widely used in practice. METHODS To address these challenges, we formulate the problem of finding cell correspondence across layers with a novel optimal transport (OT) approach. We propose CellStitch, a flexible pipeline that segments cells from 3D images without requiring large amounts of 3D training data. We further extend our method to interpolate internal slices from highly anisotropic cell images to recover isotropic cell morphology. RESULTS We evaluated the performance of CellStitch through eight 3D plant microscopic datasets with diverse anisotropic levels and cell shapes. CellStitch substantially outperforms the state-of-the art methods on anisotropic images, and achieves comparable segmentation quality against competing methods in isotropic setting. We benchmarked and reported 3D segmentation results of all the methods with instance-level precision, recall and average precision (AP) metrics. CONCLUSIONS The proposed OT-based 3D segmentation pipeline outperformed the existing state-of-the-art methods on different datasets with nonzero anisotropy, providing high fidelity recovery of 3D cell morphology from microscopic images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, New York, USA
| | - Yinuo Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, New York, USA
| | - Elham Azizi
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, New York, USA.
| | - Andrew J Blumberg
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, USA.
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, New York, USA.
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Oikonomou P, Cirne HC, Nerurkar NL. A chemo-mechanical model of endoderm movements driving elongation of the amniote hindgut. Development 2023; 150:dev202010. [PMID: 37840469 PMCID: PMC10690059 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Although mechanical and biochemical descriptions of development are each essential, integration of upstream morphogenic cues with downstream tissue mechanics remains understudied during vertebrate morphogenesis. Here, we developed a two-dimensional chemo-mechanical model to investigate how mechanical properties of the endoderm and transport properties of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulate avian hindgut morphogenesis in a coordinated manner. Posterior endoderm cells convert a gradient of FGF ligands into a contractile force gradient, leading to a force imbalance that drives collective cell movements that elongate the forming hindgut tube. We formulated a 2D reaction-diffusion-advection model describing the formation of an FGF protein gradient as a result of posterior displacement of cells transcribing unstable Fgf8 mRNA during axis elongation, coupled with translation, diffusion and degradation of FGF protein. The endoderm was modeled as an active viscous fluid that generates contractile stresses in proportion to FGF concentration. With parameter values constrained by experimental data, the model replicates key aspects of hindgut morphogenesis, suggests that graded isotropic contraction is sufficient to generate large anisotropic cell movements, and provides new insight into how chemo-mechanical coupling across the mesoderm and endoderm coordinates hindgut elongation with axis elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Oikonomou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Helena C. Cirne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nandan L. Nerurkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
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8
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Glover HJ, Holliday H, Shparberg RA, Winkler D, Day M, Morris MB. Signalling pathway crosstalk stimulated by L-proline drives mouse embryonic stem cells to primitive-ectoderm-like cells. Development 2023; 150:dev201704. [PMID: 37823343 PMCID: PMC10652046 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid L-proline exhibits growth factor-like properties during development - from improving blastocyst development to driving neurogenesis in vitro. Addition of 400 μM L-proline to self-renewal medium drives naïve mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to early primitive ectoderm-like (EPL) cells - a transcriptionally distinct primed or partially primed pluripotent state. EPL cells retain expression of pluripotency genes, upregulate primitive ectoderm markers, undergo a morphological change and have increased cell number. These changes are facilitated by a complex signalling network hinging on the Mapk, Fgfr, Pi3k and mTor pathways. Here, we use a factorial experimental design coupled with statistical modelling to understand which signalling pathways are involved in the transition between ESCs and EPL cells, and how they underpin changes in morphology, cell number, apoptosis, proliferation and gene expression. This approach reveals pathways which work antagonistically or synergistically. Most properties were affected by more than one inhibitor, and each inhibitor blocked specific aspects of the naïve-to-primed transition. These mechanisms underpin progression of stem cells across the in vitro pluripotency continuum and serve as a model for pre-, peri- and post-implantation embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Glover
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Holly Holliday
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | | | - David Winkler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Latrobe Institute for Molecular Science, Latrobe University, Bundoora 3083, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Margot Day
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Michael B. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Ager CR, Zhang M, Chaimowitz M, Bansal S, Tagore S, Obradovic A, Jugler C, Rogava M, Melms JC, McCann P, Spina C, Drake CG, Dallos MC, Izar B. KLRG1 marks tumor-infiltrating CD4 T cell subsets associated with tumor progression and immunotherapy response. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006782. [PMID: 37657842 PMCID: PMC10476134 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods for biomarker discovery and target identification in immuno-oncology rely on static snapshots of tumor immunity. To thoroughly characterize the temporal nature of antitumor immune responses, we developed a 34-parameter spectral flow cytometry panel and performed high-throughput analyses in critical contexts. We leveraged two distinct preclinical models that recapitulate cancer immunoediting (NPK-C1) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response (MC38), respectively, and profiled multiple relevant tissues at and around key inflection points of immune surveillance and escape and/or ICB response. Machine learning-driven data analysis revealed a pattern of KLRG1 expression that uniquely identified intratumoral effector CD4 T cell populations that constitutively associate with tumor burden across tumor models, and are lost in tumors undergoing regression in response to ICB. Similarly, a Helios-KLRG1+ subset of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells was associated with tumor progression from immune equilibrium to escape and was also lost in tumors responding to ICB. Validation studies confirmed KLRG1 signatures in human tumor-infiltrating CD4 T cells associate with disease progression in renal cancer. These findings nominate KLRG1+ CD4 T cell populations as subsets for further investigation in cancer immunity and demonstrate the utility of longitudinal spectral flow profiling as an engine of dynamic biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Ager
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Mingxuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew Chaimowitz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shruti Bansal
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Somnath Tagore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aleksandar Obradovic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Collin Jugler
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Meri Rogava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johannes C Melms
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick McCann
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Spina
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew C Dallos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Urology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Izar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Katsumata Y, Fardo DW, Shade LMP, Nelson PT. LATE-NC risk alleles (in TMEM106B, GRN, and ABCC9 genes) among persons with African ancestry. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:760-768. [PMID: 37528055 PMCID: PMC10440720 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) affects approximately one-third of older individuals and is associated with cognitive impairment. However, there is a highly incomplete understanding of the genetic determinants of LATE neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC) in diverse populations. The defining neuropathologic feature of LATE-NC is TDP-43 proteinopathy, often with comorbid hippocampal sclerosis (HS). In terms of genetic risk factors, LATE-NC and/or HS are associated with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 3 genes-TMEM106B (rs1990622), GRN (rs5848), and ABCC9 (rs1914361 and rs701478). We evaluated these 3 genes in convenience samples of individuals of African ancestry. The allele frequencies of the LATE-associated alleles were significantly different between persons of primarily African (versus European) ancestry: In persons of African ancestry, the risk-associated alleles for TMEM106B and ABCC9 were less frequent, whereas the risk allele in GRN was more frequent. We performed an exploratory analysis of data from African-American subjects processed by the Alzheimer's Disease Genomics Consortium, with a subset of African-American participants (n = 166) having corroborating neuropathologic data through the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC). In this limited-size sample, the ABCC9/rs1914361 SNV was associated with HS pathology. More work is required concerning the genetic factors influencing non-Alzheimer disease pathology such as LATE-NC in diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Katsumata
- University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky Department of Biostatistics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky Department of Biostatistics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lincoln M P Shade
- University of Kentucky Department of Biostatistics, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Sideri Gugger A, Dimino C, Panigrahi SK, Mayer L, Smiley RM, Korner J, Wardlaw SL. Defining Predictors of Weight Loss Response to Lorcaserin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2262-2271. [PMID: 36897161 PMCID: PMC10438887 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Individual responses to weight loss (WL) medications vary widely and prediction of response remains elusive. OBJECTIVE We investigated biomarkers associated with use of lorcaserin (LOR), a 5HT2cR agonist that targets proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that regulate energy and glucose homeostasis, to identify predictors of clinical efficacy. METHODS Thirty individuals with obesity were treated with 7 days of placebo and LOR in a randomized crossover study. Nineteen participants continued on LOR for 6 months. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) POMC peptide measurements were used to identify potential biomarkers that predict WL. Insulin, leptin, and food intake during a meal were also studied. RESULTS LOR induced a significant decrease in CSF levels of the POMC prohormone and an increase in its processed peptide β-endorphin after 7 days; β-endorphin/POMC increased by 30% (P < .001). This was accompanied by a substantial decrease in insulin, glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance before WL. Changes in CSF POMC peptides persisted after WL (6.9%) at 6 months that were distinct from prior reports after diet alone. Changes in POMC, food intake, or other hormones did not predict WL. However, baseline CSF POMC correlated negatively with WL (P = .07) and a cutoff level of CSF POMC was identified that predicted more than 10% WL. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that LOR affects the brain melanocortin system in humans and that effectiveness is increased in individuals with lower melanocortin activity. Furthermore, early changes in CSF POMC parallel WL-independent improvements in glycemic indexes. Thus, assessment of melanocortin activity could provide a way to personalize pharmacotherapy of obesity with 5HT2cR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Sideri Gugger
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cara Dimino
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sunil K Panigrahi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laurel Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard M Smiley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Judith Korner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sharon L Wardlaw
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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12
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Klein HU. demuxmix: demultiplexing oligonucleotide-barcoded single-cell RNA sequencing data with regression mixture models. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad481. [PMID: 37527018 PMCID: PMC10412409 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely used in biomedical research for interrogating the transcriptomes of single cells on a large scale. Pooling and processing cells from different samples together can reduce costs and batch effects. To pool cells, they are often first labeled with hashtag oligonucleotides (HTOs). These HTOs are sequenced alongside the cells' RNA in the droplets and subsequently used to computationally assign each droplet to its sample of origin, a process referred to as demultiplexing. Accurate demultiplexing is crucial but can be challenging due to background HTOs, low-quality cells/cell debris, and multiplets. RESULTS A new demultiplexing method based on negative binomial regression mixture models is introduced. The method, called demuxmix, implements two significant improvements. First, demuxmix's probabilistic classification framework provides error probabilities for droplet assignments that can be used to discard uncertain droplets and inform about the quality of the HTO data and the success of the demultiplexing process. Second, demuxmix utilizes the positive association between detected genes in the RNA library and HTO counts to explain parts of the variance in the HTO data resulting in improved droplet assignments. The improved performance of demuxmix compared with existing demultiplexing methods is assessed using real and simulated data. Finally, the feasibility of accurately demultiplexing experimental designs where non-labeled cells are pooled with labeled cells is demonstrated. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION R/Bioconductor package demuxmix (https://doi.org/doi:10.18129/B9.bioc.demuxmix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
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13
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Chen X, Li Y, Zhu F, Xu X, Estrella B, Pazos MA, McGuire JT, Karagiannis D, Sahu V, Mustafokulov M, Scuoppo C, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, Soto-Feliciano YM, Pasqualucci L, Ciccia A, Amengual JE, Lu C. Context-defined cancer co-dependency mapping identifies a functional interplay between PRC2 and MLL-MEN1 complex in lymphoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4259. [PMID: 37460547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interplay between chromatin-associated complexes and modifications critically contribute to the partitioning of epigenome into stable and functionally distinct domains. Yet there is a lack of systematic identification of chromatin crosstalk mechanisms, limiting our understanding of the dynamic transition between chromatin states during development and disease. Here we perform co-dependency mapping of genes using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated fitness screens in pan-cancer cell lines to quantify gene-gene functional relationships. We identify 145 co-dependency modules and further define the molecular context underlying the essentiality of these modules by incorporating mutational, epigenome, gene expression and drug sensitivity profiles of cell lines. These analyses assign new protein complex composition and function, and predict new functional interactions, including an unexpected co-dependency between two transcriptionally counteracting chromatin complexes - polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and MLL-MEN1 complex. We show that PRC2-mediated H3K27 tri-methylation regulates the genome-wide distribution of MLL1 and MEN1. In lymphoma cells with EZH2 gain-of-function mutations, the re-localization of MLL-MEN1 complex drives oncogenic gene expression and results in a hypersensitivity to pharmacologic inhibition of MEN1. Together, our findings provide a resource for discovery of trans-regulatory interactions as mechanisms of chromatin regulation and potential targets of synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Marine College, Shandong University, 264209, Weihai, China
| | - Yinglu Li
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Union Hospital Cancer Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinjing Xu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Brian Estrella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Manuel A Pazos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - John T McGuire
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dimitris Karagiannis
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Varun Sahu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mustafo Mustafokulov
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Claudio Scuoppo
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yadira M Soto-Feliciano
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer E Amengual
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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14
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Su R, Zeng J, Marcink TC, Porotto M, Moscona A, O’Shaughnessy B. Host Cell Membrane Capture by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Fusion Intermediate. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:1213-1228. [PMID: 37396856 PMCID: PMC10255576 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell entry by SARS-CoV-2 is accomplished by the S2 subunit of the spike S protein on the virion surface by capture of the host cell membrane and fusion with the viral envelope. Capture and fusion require the prefusion S2 to transit to its potent fusogenic form, the fusion intermediate (FI). However, the FI structure is unknown, detailed computational models of the FI are unavailable, and the mechanisms and timing of membrane capture and fusion are not established. Here, we constructed a full-length model of the SARS-CoV-2 FI by extrapolating from known SARS-CoV-2 pre- and postfusion structures. In atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations the FI was remarkably flexible and executed giant bending and extensional fluctuations due to three hinges in the C-terminal base. The simulated configurations and their giant fluctuations are quantitatively consistent with SARS-CoV-2 FI configurations measured recently using cryo-electron tomography. Simulations suggested a host cell membrane capture time of ∼2 ms. Isolated fusion peptide simulations identified an N-terminal helix that directed and maintained binding to the membrane but grossly underestimated the binding time, showing that the fusion peptide environment is radically altered when attached to its host fusion protein. The large configurational fluctuations of the FI generated a substantial exploration volume that aided capture of the target membrane, and may set the waiting time for fluctuation-triggered refolding of the FI that draws the viral envelope and host cell membrane together for fusion. These results describe the FI as machinery that uses massive configurational fluctuations for efficient membrane capture and suggest novel potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tara C. Marcink
- Department
of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Center
for Host−Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department
of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Center
for Host−Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, University of
Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department
of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Center
for Host−Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Physiology, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ben O’Shaughnessy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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15
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Miyashita S, Akita K, Zhao Y, Hasegawa K, Maurer MS, Weiner SD, Reilly MP, Takayama H, Shimada YJ. Effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular-related acute care use in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2023. [PMID: 37259234 PMCID: PMC10375153 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prior studies have suggested causal relationships between obesity and acute cardiovascular events. It has been also known that the risk of acute cardiovascular events is reduced by bariatric surgery. However, little is known about whether bariatric surgery lowers the risk of acute cardiovascular events in patients with obesity and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this context, we aimed to investigate whether bariatric surgery is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular-related acute care use in patients with HCM. METHODS AND RESULTS In this population-based study, the bariatric surgery group consisted of patients with HCM who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2004 to December 2014. The control group included those who have obesity and HCM and received non-bariatric elective intra-abdominal surgery during the same period. The outcome was cardiovascular-related acute care use (i.e. emergency department (ED) visits or unplanned hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease) during a 1-year post-surgery period. We used the SPARCS database, a population-based ED and inpatient database in New York State. We constructed logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to compare the risk of the outcome events during sequential 6-month post-surgery periods. We adjusted for age, sex, number of ED visits and hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease within 2 years before the index surgery, and the Elixhauser co-morbidity measures. We also performed propensity score (PS)-matching and inverse probability treatment weighting analyses using these variables. The analytic cohort consisted of 207 adults with obesity and HCM, including 147 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and 60 in the control group. The risk was not significantly different in the 1-6 months post-surgery period. By contrast, in the 7-12 months post-surgery period, the risk of cardiovascular-related acute care use was significantly lower in the bariatric surgery group (adjusted odds ratio 0.23; 95% CI 0.068-0.71; P = 0.01) compared with the control group. In the PS-matched cohort, there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics. The PS-matched analysis demonstrated lower risk of the outcome event in the bariatric surgery group in the 7-12 months post-surgery period. The inverse probability treatment weighting analysis replicated the findings. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular-related acute care use in the 7-12 months post-surgery period in this population-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyashita
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keitaro Akita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shepard D Weiner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroo Takayama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuichi J Shimada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Huang J, Velarde I, Ma WJ, Baldassano C. Schema-based predictive eye movements support sequential memory encoding. eLife 2023; 12:82599. [PMID: 36971343 PMCID: PMC10097418 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When forming a memory of an experience that is unfolding over time, we can use our schematic knowledge about the world (constructed based on many prior episodes) to predict what will transpire. We developed a novel paradigm to study how the development of a complex schema influences predictive processes during perception and impacts sequential memory. Participants learned to play a novel board game ('4-in-a-row') across six training sessions, and repeatedly performed a memory test in which they watched and recalled sequences of moves from the game. We found that participants gradually became better at remembering sequences from the game as their schema developed, driven by improved accuracy for schema-consistent moves. Eye tracking revealed that increased predictive eye movements during encoding, which were most prevalent in expert players, were associated with better memory. Our results identify prediction as a mechanism by which schematic knowledge can improve episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Huang
- Department of Psychology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Isabel Velarde
- Department of Psychology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Wei Ji Ma
- Center for Neural Science and Department of Psychology, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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17
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Galindo SE, Wood AJ, Cooney PC, Hammond LA, Grueber WB. Axon-axon interactions determine modality-specific wiring and subcellular synaptic specificity in a somatosensory circuit. Development 2023; 150:dev199832. [PMID: 36920224 PMCID: PMC10112896 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic connections between neurons are often formed in precise subcellular regions of dendritic arbors with implications for information processing within neurons. Cell-cell interactions are widely important for circuit wiring; however, their role in subcellular specificity is not well understood. We studied the role of axon-axon interactions in precise targeting and subcellular wiring of Drosophila somatosensory circuitry. Axons of nociceptive and gentle touch neurons terminate in adjacent, non-overlapping layers in the central nervous system (CNS). Nociceptor and touch receptor axons synapse onto distinct dendritic regions of a second-order interneuron, the dendrites of which span these layers, forming touch-specific and nociceptive-specific connectivity. We found that nociceptor ablation elicited extension of touch receptor axons and presynapses into the nociceptor recipient region, supporting a role for axon-axon interactions in somatosensory wiring. Conversely, touch receptor ablation did not lead to expansion of nociceptor axons, consistent with unidirectional axon-axon interactions. Live imaging provided evidence for sequential arborization of nociceptive and touch neuron axons in the CNS. We propose that axon-axon interactions and modality-specific timing of axon targeting play key roles in subcellular connection specificity of somatosensory circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Galindo
- Department of Genetics and Development, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Abby J. Wood
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Patricia C. Cooney
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Luke A. Hammond
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wesley B. Grueber
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kumar NR, Grobman WA, Haas DM, Silver RM, Reddy UM, Simhan H, Wing DA, Mercer BM, Yee LM. Association of Social Determinants of Health and Clinical Factors with Postpartum Hospital Readmissions among Nulliparous Individuals. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:348-355. [PMID: 36427510 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior data suggest that there are racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum readmission among individuals, especially among those with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Existing reports commonly lack granular information on social determinants of health. The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with postpartum readmission for individuals and address whether such risk factors differed by whether an individual had an antecedent diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP). STUDY DESIGN This is a secondary analysis of a large, multicenter prospective cohort study of 10,038 nulliparous participants. The primary outcome of this analysis was postpartum readmission. A priori, participants were analyzed separately based on whether they had HDP. Participant characteristics previously associated with a greater risk of perinatal morbidity or readmission (including social determinants of health, preexisting and chronic comorbidities, and intrapartum characteristics) were compared with bivariable analyses and retained in multivariable models if p < 0.05. Social determinants of health evaluated in this analysis included insurance status, self-identified race and ethnicity (as a proxy for structural racism), income, marital status, primary language, and educational attainment. RESULTS Of 9,457 participants eligible for inclusion, 1.7% (n = 165) were readmitted following initial hospital discharge. A higher proportion of individuals with HDP were readmitted compared with individuals without HDP (3.4 vs 1.3%, p < 0.001). Among participants without HDP, the only factors associated with postpartum readmission were chorioamnionitis and cesarean delivery. Among participants with HDP, gestational diabetes and postpartum hemorrhage requiring transfusion were associated with postpartum readmission. While the number of postpartum readmissions included in our analysis was relatively small, social determinants of health that we examined were not associated with postpartum readmission for either group. CONCLUSION In this diverse cohort of nulliparous pregnant individuals, there was a higher frequency of postpartum readmission among participants with HDP. Preexisting comorbidity and intrapartum complications were associated with postpartum readmission among this population engaged in a longitudinal study. KEY POINTS · Non-HDP patients had higher odds of PPR with chorioamnionitis or cesarean.. · HDP patients had higher odds of PPR if they had GDM or PPH.. · Characterizing PPR may identify and highlight modifiable factors..
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha R Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William A Grobman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David M Haas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Uma M Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hyagriv Simhan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah A Wing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - Brian M Mercer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lynn M Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Jankowski SE, Yanos P, Dixon LB, Amsalem D. Reducing Public Stigma Towards Psychosis: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Effects of Social Contact Based Brief Video Interventions. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:99-107. [PMID: 36190348 PMCID: PMC9810007 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Public stigma reduces treatment-seeking and increases the duration of untreated psychosis among young people with psychosis. Social contact-based video interventions have been shown to be effective at reducing stigma; however, more research is needed regarding very brief interventions less than 2 minutes long, which are suitable for social media platforms and particularly relevant for young adults. We recently conducted three randomized control trials and demonstrated the efficacy of such videos to reduce stigma toward individuals with psychosis among young adults of the general public. However, it is unclear what elements contributed to the effectiveness of these very brief interventions. STUDY DESIGN The present article proposes a conceptual framework to discern what elements contributed to the efficacy of these interventions. We first review the existing literature describing social contact-based interventions and how they impact the cognitions, emotions, and behaviors of participants. STUDY RESULTS Then, using this lens, we suggest an alternate observation of the data from our studies by examining changes in stigmatizing views across time, rather than utilizing mean scores and conceptualizing how key characteristics of our interventions helped reduce stigma. We also highlight future research directions, including the need to look at mediators and moderators of change and the need to examine behavioral outcomes. STUDY CONCLUSIONS By hypothesizing how these interventions are proposed to work, this framework is intended to provide a roadmap for further development of brief video-based interventions to reduce stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Jankowski
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip Yanos
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College Of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa B Dixon
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Amsalem
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Soung AL, Vanderheiden A, Nordvig AS, Sissoko CA, Canoll P, Mariani MB, Jiang X, Bricker T, Rosoklija GB, Arango V, Underwood M, Mann JJ, Dwork AJ, Goldman JE, Boon ACM, Boldrini M, Klein RS. COVID-19 induces CNS cytokine expression and loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain 2022; 145:4193-4201. [PMID: 36004663 PMCID: PMC9452175 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with acute and postacute cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms including impaired memory, concentration, attention, sleep and affect. Mechanisms underlying these brain symptoms remain understudied. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters exhibit a lack of viral neuroinvasion despite aberrant blood-brain barrier permeability. Hamsters and patients deceased from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also exhibit microglial activation and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, especially within the hippocampus and the medulla oblongata, when compared with non-COVID control hamsters and humans who died from other infections, cardiovascular disease, uraemia or trauma. In the hippocampal dentate gyrus of both COVID-19 hamsters and humans, we observed fewer neuroblasts and immature neurons. Protracted inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption and microglia activation may result in altered neurotransmission, neurogenesis and neuronal damage, explaining neuropsychiatric presentations of COVID-19. The involvement of the hippocampus may explain learning, memory and executive dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Soung
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abigail Vanderheiden
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna S Nordvig
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheick A Sissoko
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Traci Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gorazd B Rosoklija
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Victoria Arango
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Underwood
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Vos J, Bhardwaj AA, Jeremiasse AW, Esposito DV, Koper MTM. Probing the Effects of Electrode Composition and Morphology on the Effectiveness of Silicon Oxide Overlayers to Enhance Selective Oxygen Evolution in the Presence of Chloride Ions. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:20314-20325. [PMID: 36523487 PMCID: PMC9743210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seawater electrolysis offers significant logistical advantages over freshwater electrolysis but suffers from a fundamental selectivity problem at the anode. To prevent the evolution of toxic chlorine alongside the evolution of oxygen, a promising approach is the use of electrochemically inert overlayers. Such thin films can exert a perm-selective effect, allowing the transport of water and oxygen between the bulk electrolyte and the electrocatalytic buried interface while suppressing the transport of chloride ions. In this work, we investigate thin (5-20 nm) overlayer films composed of amorphous silicon oxide (SiO x ) and their application to suppressing the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) in favor of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) during acidic saltwater electrolysis on three different types of electrodes. While SiO x overlayers are seen to be an effective barrier against the CER on well-defined, smooth Pt thin films, decreasing the CER activity roughly 20-fold, this ability has not been previously explored on Ir-based catalysts with a higher surface area relevant to industrial applications. On amorphous iridium oxide electrodes, the selectivity toward the CER versus the OER was marginally reduced from ∼98 to ∼94%, which was attributed to the higher abundance of defects in overlayers deposited on the rougher electrode. On the other hand, Ir-based anodes consisting of thick mixed metal oxide films supported on Ti showed a significant decrease in CER selectivity, from ∼100 to ∼50%, although this came at the cost of reduced activity toward the OER. These results show that the morphology and composition of the underlying electrode play important roles in the effectiveness of the selective overlayers and provide guidance for further development of high-surface-area OER-selective anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes
G. Vos
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Magneto
Special Anodes (an Evoqua brand), Calandstraat 109, 3125 BA Schiedam, The Netherlands
| | - Amar A. Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia Electrochemical Energy
Center, Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University in the City of New York, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Adriaan W. Jeremiasse
- Magneto
Special Anodes (an Evoqua brand), Calandstraat 109, 3125 BA Schiedam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel V. Esposito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia Electrochemical Energy
Center, Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy, Columbia University in the City of New York, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Liu L, Iketani S, Guo Y, Casner RG, Reddem ER, Nair MS, Yu J, Chan JFW, Wang M, Cerutti G, Li Z, Morano NC, Castagna CD, Corredor L, Chu H, Yuan S, Poon VKM, Chan CCS, Chen Z, Luo Y, Cunningham M, Chavez A, Yin MT, Perlin DS, Tsuji M, Yuen KY, Kwong PD, Sheng Z, Huang Y, Shapiro L, Ho DD. An antibody class with a common CDRH3 motif broadly neutralizes sarbecoviruses. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn6859. [PMID: 35438546 PMCID: PMC9017343 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn6859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The devastation caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made clear the importance of pandemic preparedness. To address future zoonotic outbreaks due to related viruses in the sarbecovirus subgenus, we identified a human monoclonal antibody, 10-40, that neutralized or bound all sarbecoviruses tested in vitro and protected against SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in vivo. Comparative studies with other receptor-binding domain (RBD)-directed antibodies showed 10-40 to have the greatest breadth against sarbecoviruses, suggesting that 10-40 is a promising agent for pandemic preparedness. Moreover, structural analyses on 10-40 and similar antibodies not only defined an epitope cluster in the inner face of the RBD that is well conserved among sarbecoviruses but also uncovered a distinct antibody class with a common CDRH3 motif. Our analyses also suggested that elicitation of this class of antibodies may not be overly difficult, an observation that bodes well for the development of a pan-sarbecovirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sho Iketani
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ryan G. Casner
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eswar R. Reddem
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Manoj S. Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jasper F-W. Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Maple Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gabriele Cerutti
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhiteng Li
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Candace D. Castagna
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura Corredor
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chun-Sing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marcus Cunningham
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Alejandro Chavez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael T. Yin
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David S. Perlin
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Health@InnoHK, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Tandan R, Levy EA, Howard DB, Hiser J, Kokinda N, Dey S, Kasarskis EJ. Body composition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subjects and its effect on disease progression and survival. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1378-1392. [PMID: 35108352 PMCID: PMC9071423 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor neuron degeneration and malnutrition alter body composition in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Resulting losses of weight, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) shorten survival. Nutritional management relies on body weight or BMI; neither reliably indicates malnutrition nor differentiates body compartments. OBJECTIVES We aimed to 1) develop an equation to compute FM and FFM using clinical data, validated against DXA; and 2) examine the effect of computed FM and FFM on disease course and survival. METHODS We studied 364 ALS patients from 3 cohorts. In Cohort #1 we used logistic regression on clinical and demographic data to create an equation (test cohort). In Cohort #2 we validated FM and FFM computed using this equation against DXA (validation cohort). In Cohort #3, we examined the effect of computed body composition on disease course and survival. RESULTS In Cohort #1 (n = 29) the model incorporated sex, age, BMI, and bulbar-onset to create an equation to estimate body fat: % body fat = 1.73 - [19.80*gender (1 if male or 0 if female)] + [0.25*weight (kg)] + [0.95*BMI (kg/m2)] - (5.20*1 if bulbar-onset or *0 if limb-onset). In Cohort #2 (n = 104), body composition using this equation, compared to other published equations, showed the least variance from DXA values. In Cohort #3 (n = 314), loss of body composition over 6 mo was greater in males. Adjusted survival was predicted by low baseline FM (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.80), and loss of FM (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.30, 2.69) and FFM (HR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.49) over 6 mo. CONCLUSIONS Our equation broadens the traditional nutritional evaluation in clinics and reliably estimates body composition. Measuring body composition could target FM as a focus for nutritional management to ensure adequate energy intake and complement measures, such as the ALS functional rating scale-revised score and forced vital capacity, currently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rup Tandan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Medical Center and Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Medical Center and Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Evan A Levy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Medical Center and Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Medical Center and Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Diantha B Howard
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Medical Center and Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- The Northern New England Clinical and Translational Research Network, Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - John Hiser
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Medical Center and Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- The Northern New England Clinical and Translational Research Network, Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Nathan Kokinda
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Vermont Medical Center and Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- The Northern New England Clinical and Translational Research Network, Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Swatee Dey
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Edward J Kasarskis
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- General Clinical Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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24
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Shen TH, Stauber J, Xu K, Jacunski A, Paragas N, Callahan M, Banlengchit R, Levitman AD, Desanti De Oliveira B, Beenken A, Grau MS, Mathieu E, Zhang Q, Li Y, Gopal T, Askanase N, Arumugam S, Mohan S, Good PI, Stevens JS, Lin F, Sia SK, Lin CS, D’Agati V, Kiryluk K, Tatonetti NP, Barasch J. Snapshots of nascent RNA reveal cell- and stimulus-specific responses to acute kidney injury. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e146374. [PMID: 35230973 PMCID: PMC8986083 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current strategy to detect acute injury of kidney tubular cells relies on changes in serum levels of creatinine. Yet serum creatinine (sCr) is a marker of both functional and pathological processes and does not adequately assay tubular injury. In addition, sCr may require days to reach diagnostic thresholds, yet tubular cells respond with programs of damage and repair within minutes or hours. To detect acute responses to clinically relevant stimuli, we created mice expressing Rosa26-floxed-stop uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (Uprt) and inoculated 4-thiouracil (4-TU) to tag nascent RNA at selected time points. Cre-driven 4-TU-tagged RNA was isolated from intact kidneys and demonstrated that volume depletion and ischemia induced different genetic programs in collecting ducts and intercalated cells. Even lineage-related cell types expressed different genes in response to the 2 stressors. TU tagging also demonstrated the transient nature of the responses. Because we placed Uprt in the ubiquitously active Rosa26 locus, nascent RNAs from many cell types can be tagged in vivo and their roles interrogated under various conditions. In short, 4-TU labeling identifies stimulus-specific, cell-specific, and time-dependent acute responses that are otherwise difficult to detect with other technologies and are entirely obscured when sCr is the sole metric of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandra Jacunski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neal Paragas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumit Mohan
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Epidemiology
| | | | | | | | | | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivette D’Agati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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25
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Vernon SD, Funk S, Bateman L, Stoddard GJ, Hammer S, Sullivan K, Bell J, Abbaszadeh S, Lipkin WI, Komaroff AL. Orthostatic Challenge Causes Distinctive Symptomatic, Hemodynamic and Cognitive Responses in Long COVID and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:917019. [PMID: 35847821 PMCID: PMC9285104 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.917019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some patients with acute COVID-19 are left with persistent, debilitating fatigue, cognitive impairment ("brain fog"), orthostatic intolerance (OI) and other symptoms ("Long COVID"). Many of the symptoms are like those of other post-infectious fatigue syndromes and may meet criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Common diagnostic laboratory tests are often unrevealing. Methods We evaluated whether a simple, standardized, office-based test of OI, the 10-min NASA Lean Test (NLT), would aggravate symptoms and produce objective hemodynamic and cognitive abnormalities, the latter being evaluated by a simple smart phone-based app. Participants People with Long COVID (N = 42), ME/CFS (N = 26) and healthy control subjects (N = 20) were studied just before, during, immediately after, 2 and 7 days following completion of the NLT. Results The NLT provoked a worsening of symptoms in the two patient groups but not in healthy control subjects, and the severity of all symptoms was similar and significantly worse in the two patient groups than in the control subjects (p < 0.001). In the two patient groups, particularly those with Long COVID, the NLT provoked a marked and progressive narrowing in the pulse pressure. All three cognitive measures of reaction time worsened in the two patient groups immediately following the NLT, compared to the healthy control subjects, particularly in the Procedural Reaction Time (p < 0.01). Conclusions A test of orthostatic stress easily performed in an office setting reveals different symptomatic, hemodynamic and cognitive abnormalities in people with Long COVID and ME/CFS, compared to healthy control subjects. Thus, an orthostatic challenge easily performed in an office setting, and the use of a smart phone app to assess cognition, can provide objective confirmation of the orthostatic intolerance and brain fog reported by patients with Long COVID and ME/CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne D. Vernon
- The Bateman Horne Center of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sherlyn Funk
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lucinda Bateman
- The Bateman Horne Center of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gregory J. Stoddard
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sarah Hammer
- The Bateman Horne Center of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Karen Sullivan
- The Bateman Horne Center of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jennifer Bell
- The Bateman Horne Center of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Saeed Abbaszadeh
- The Bateman Horne Center of Excellence, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Solutions for ME/CFS, Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anthony L. Komaroff
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony L. Komaroff
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26
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Luković E, Perez-Zoghbi JF, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Sang S, Emala CW. Ginger metabolites and metabolite-inspired synthetic products modulate intracellular calcium and relax airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L912-L924. [PMID: 34549600 PMCID: PMC8616613 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00271.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects millions of people worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. It is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and pathologic bronchoconstriction, and it poses a continuous treatment challenge with very few new therapeutics available. Thus, many asthmatics turn to plant-based complementary products, including ginger, for better symptom control, indicating an unmet need for novel therapies. Previously, we demonstrated that 6-shogaol (6S), the primary bioactive component of ginger, relaxes human airway smooth muscle (hASM) likely by inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in the β-adrenergic (cyclic nucleotide PDEs), and muscarinic (phospholipase C, PLC) receptor pathways. However, oral 6S is extensively metabolized and it is unknown if the resulting metabolites remain bioactive. Here, we screened all the known human metabolites of 6S and several metabolite-based synthetic derivatives to better understand their mechanism of action and structure-function relationships. We demonstrate that several metabolites and metabolite-based synthetic derivatives are able to prevent Gq-coupled stimulation of intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) synthesis by inhibiting PLC, similar to the parent compound 6S. We also show that these compounds prevent recontraction of ASM after β-agonist relaxation likely by inhibiting PDEs. Furthermore, they potentiate isoproterenol-induced relaxation. Importantly, moving beyond cell-based assays, metabolites also retain the functional ability to relax Gq-coupled-contractions in upper (human) and lower (murine) airways. The current study indicates that, although oral ginger may be metabolized rapidly, it retains physiological activity through its metabolites. Moreover, we are able to use naturally occurring metabolites as inspiration to develop novel therapeutics for brochoconstrictive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvedin Luković
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Chen TX, Pinharanda A, Steinemann NA, Yasuma-Mitobe K, Lee E, Hahn J, Wu L, Fanourakis S, Peterka DS, Hillman EMC. Evaluation of at-home methods for N95 filtering facepiece respirator decontamination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19750. [PMID: 34611228 PMCID: PMC8492771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are essential for the protection of healthcare professionals and other high-risk groups against Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19). In response to shortages in FFRs during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization permitting FFR decontamination and reuse. However, although industrial decontamination services are available at some large institutions, FFR decontamination is not widely accessible. To be effective, FFR decontamination must (1) inactivate the virus; (2) preserve FFR integrity, specifically fit and filtering capability; and (3) be non-toxic and safe. Here we identify and test at-home heat-based methods for FFR decontamination that meet these requirements using common household appliances. Our results identify potential protocols for simple and accessible FFR decontamination, while also highlighting unsuitable methods that may jeopardize FFR integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T X Chen
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A Pinharanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - N A Steinemann
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - K Yasuma-Mitobe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - E Lee
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - J Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - L Wu
- Columbia College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - S Fanourakis
- Environmental Health and Safety, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - D S Peterka
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - E M C Hillman
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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28
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de Jong JO, Llapashtica C, Genestine M, Strauss K, Provenzano F, Sun Y, Zhu H, Cortese GP, Brundu F, Brigatti KW, Corneo B, Migliori B, Tomer R, Kushner SA, Kellendonk C, Javitch JA, Xu B, Markx S. Cortical overgrowth in a preclinical forebrain organoid model of CNTNAP2-associated autism spectrum disorder. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4087. [PMID: 34471112 PMCID: PMC8410758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilized forebrain organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells of patients with a syndromic form of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with a homozygous protein-truncating mutation in CNTNAP2, to study its effects on embryonic cortical development. Patients with this mutation present with clinical characteristics of brain overgrowth. Patient-derived forebrain organoids displayed an increase in volume and total cell number that is driven by increased neural progenitor proliferation. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed PFC-excitatory neurons to be the key cell types expressing CNTNAP2. Gene ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEgenes) corroborates aberrant cellular proliferation. Moreover, the DEgenes are enriched for ASD-associated genes. The cell-type-specific signature genes of the CNTNAP2-expressing neurons are associated with clinical phenotypes previously described in patients. The organoid overgrowth phenotypes were largely rescued after correction of the mutation using CRISPR-Cas9. This CNTNAP2-organoid model provides opportunity for further mechanistic inquiry and development of new therapeutic strategies for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job O de Jong
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ceyda Llapashtica
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthieu Genestine
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Frank Provenzano
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huixiang Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe P Cortese
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesco Brundu
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Barbara Corneo
- Stem Cell Core Facility, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bianca Migliori
- Tech4Health and Neuroscience Institutes, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raju Tomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sander Markx
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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29
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Blatter D, Ray A, Key K. Two-dimensional Bayesian inversion of magnetotelluric data using trans-dimensional Gaussian processes. Geophys J Int 2021; 226:548-563. [PMID: 33994835 PMCID: PMC8102138 DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bayesian inversion of electromagnetic data produces crucial uncertainty information on inferred subsurface resistivity. Due to their high computational cost, however, Bayesian inverse methods have largely been restricted to computationally expedient 1-D resistivity models. In this study, we successfully demonstrate, for the first time, a fully 2-D, trans-dimensional Bayesian inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data. We render this problem tractable from a computational standpoint by using a stochastic interpolation algorithm known as a Gaussian process (GP) to achieve a parsimonious parametrization of the model vis-a-vis the dense parameter grids used in numerical forward modelling codes. The GP links a trans-dimensional, parallel tempered Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler, which explores the parsimonious model space, to MARE2DEM, an adaptive finite element forward solver. MARE2DEM computes the model response using a dense parameter mesh with resistivity assigned via the GP model. We demonstrate the new trans-dimensional GP sampler by inverting both synthetic and field MT data for 2-D models of electrical resistivity, with the field data example converging within 10 d on 148 cores, a non-negligible but tractable computational cost. For a field data inversion, our algorithm achieves a parameter reduction of over 32× compared to the fixed parameter grid used for the MARE2DEM regularized inversion. Resistivity probability distributions computed from the ensemble of models produced by the inversion yield credible intervals and interquartile plots that quantitatively show the non-linear 2-D uncertainty in model structure. This uncertainty could then be propagated to other physical properties that impact resistivity including bulk composition, porosity and pore-fluid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anandaroop Ray
- Geoscience Australia, Symonston, Australian Capital Territory, 2609, Australia
| | - Kerry Key
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Suicide is a major public health concern and a leading cause of death in the US. Alcohol and opioid use disorders (AUD/OUD) significantly increase risk for suicidal ideation, attempts, and death, and are the two most frequently implicated substances in suicide risk. We provide a brief overview of shared risk factors and pathways in the pathogenesis of AUD/OUD and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. We also review clinical recommendations on inpatient care, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapeutic interventions for people with AUD/OUD and co-occurring suicidal ideation and behavior. Recent Findings Among people with an underlying vulnerability to risk-taking and impulsive behaviors, chronic alcohol intoxication can increase maladaptive coping behaviors and hinder self-regulation, thereby increasing the risk of suicide. Additionally, chronic opioid use can result in neurobiological changes that lead to increases in negative affective states, jointly contributing to suicide risk and continued opioid use. Despite significantly elevated suicide risk in individuals with AUD/OUD, there is a dearth of research on pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for co-occurring AUD/OUD and suicidal ideation and behavior. Summary Further research is needed to understand the effects of alcohol and opioid use on suicide risk, as well as address notable gaps in the literature on psychosocial and pharmacological interventions to lower risk for suicide among individuals with AUD/OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M. Rizk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt, Egypt
| | - Sarah Herzog
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Sanjana Dugad
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Barbara Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 42, New York, NY 10032 USA
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31
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Chien M, Anderson TK, Jockusch S, Tao C, Li X, Kumar S, Russo JJ, Kirchdoerfer RN, Ju J. Nucleotide Analogues as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase, a Key Drug Target for COVID-19. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4690-4697. [PMID: 32692185 PMCID: PMC7640960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. On the basis of our analysis of hepatitis C virus and coronavirus replication, and the molecular structures and activities of viral inhibitors, we previously demonstrated that three nucleotide analogues (the triphosphates of Sofosbuvir, Alovudine, and AZT) inhibit the SARS-CoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We also demonstrated that a library of additional nucleotide analogues terminate RNA synthesis catalyzed by the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, a well-established drug target for COVID-19. Here, we used polymerase extension experiments to demonstrate that the active triphosphate form of Sofosbuvir (an FDA-approved hepatitis C drug) is incorporated by SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and blocks further incorporation. Using the molecular insight gained from the previous studies, we selected the active triphosphate forms of six other antiviral agents, Alovudine, Tenofovir alafenamide, AZT, Abacavir, Lamivudine, and Emtricitabine, for evaluation as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and demonstrated the ability of these viral polymerase inhibitors to be incorporated by SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, where they terminate further polymerase extension with varying efficiency. These results provide a molecular basis for inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp by these nucleotide analogues. If sufficient efficacy of some of these FDA-approved drugs in inhibiting viral replication in cell culture is established, they may be explored as potential COVID-19 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchen Chien
- Center
for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Departments of Chemical
Engineering, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Thomas K. Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center
for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Departments of Chemical
Engineering, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chuanjuan Tao
- Center
for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Departments of Chemical
Engineering, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Center
for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Departments of Chemical
Engineering, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Center
for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Departments of Chemical
Engineering, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - James J. Russo
- Center
for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Departments of Chemical
Engineering, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Robert N. Kirchdoerfer
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jingyue Ju
- Center
for Genome Technology and Biomolecular Engineering, Departments of Chemical
Engineering, Pharmacology, and Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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32
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Muñoz ÁG, Chourio X, Rivière-Cinnamond A, Diuk-Wasser MA, Kache PA, Mordecai EA, Harrington L, Thomson MC. AeDES: a next-generation monitoring and forecasting system for environmental suitability of Aedes-borne disease transmission. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12640. [PMID: 32724218 PMCID: PMC7387552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes-borne diseases, such as dengue and chikungunya, are responsible for more than 50 million infections worldwide every year, with an overall increase of 30-fold in the last 50 years, mainly due to city population growth, more frequent travels and ecological changes. In the United States of America, the vast majority of Aedes-borne infections are imported from endemic regions by travelers, who can become new sources of mosquito infection upon their return home if the exposed population is susceptible to the disease, and if suitable environmental conditions for the mosquitoes and the virus are present. Since the susceptibility of the human population can be determined via periodic monitoring campaigns, the environmental suitability for the presence of mosquitoes and viruses becomes one of the most important pieces of information for decision makers in the health sector. We present a next-generation monitoring and forecasting system for [Formula: see text]-borne diseases' environmental suitability (AeDES) of transmission in the conterminous United States and transboundary regions, using calibrated ento-epidemiological models, climate models and temperature observations. After analyzing the seasonal predictive skill of AeDES, we briefly consider the recent Zika epidemic, and the compound effects of the current Central American dengue outbreak happening during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, to illustrate how a combination of tailored deterministic and probabilistic forecasts can inform key prevention and control strategies .
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Affiliation(s)
- Á G Muñoz
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), The Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY, 10964, USA.
| | - X Chourio
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), The Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Ana Rivière-Cinnamond
- Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization (WHO), Washington, DC, USA
| | - M A Diuk-Wasser
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - P A Kache
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - E A Mordecai
- Biology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - L Harrington
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - M C Thomson
- International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), The Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York, NY, 10964, USA
- Wellcome Trust, London, NW1 2BE, UK
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33
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Abstract
Insulin signaling controls cell growth and metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway causes metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Insulin signaling pathways have been extensively studied. Upon insulin binding, the insulin receptor (IR) triggers downstream signaling cascades. The active IR is then internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Despite decades of studies, the mechanism and regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of IR remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed feedback regulation of IR endocytosis through Src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Here we review the molecular mechanism of IR endocytosis and its impact on the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and discuss the potential of SHP2 as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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34
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Abstract
Neurovascular pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS), which are associated with barrier dysfunction, are leading causes of death and disability. The roles that neuronal and glial progenitors and mature cells play in CNS angiogenesis and neurovascular barrier maturation have been elucidated in recent years. Yet how neuronal activity influences these processes remains largely unexplored. Here, we discuss our current understanding of how neuronal and glial development affects CNS angiogenesis and barriergenesis, and outline future directions to elucidate how neuronal activity might influence these processes. An understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing new interventions to treat neurovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Biswas
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Azzurra Cottarelli
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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35
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Brunner JD, Jakob RP, Schulze T, Neldner Y, Moroni A, Thiel G, Maier T, Schenck S. Structural basis for ion selectivity in TMEM175 K + channels. eLife 2020; 9:e53683. [PMID: 32267231 PMCID: PMC7176437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TMEM175 family constitutes recently discovered K+channels that are important for autophagosome turnover and lysosomal pH regulation and are associated with the early onset of Parkinson Disease. TMEM175 channels lack a P-loop selectivity filter, a hallmark of all known K+ channels, raising the question how selectivity is achieved. Here, we report the X-ray structure of a closed bacterial TMEM175 channel in complex with a nanobody fusion-protein disclosing bound K+ ions. Our analysis revealed that a highly conserved layer of threonine residues in the pore conveys a basal K+ selectivity. An additional layer comprising two serines in human TMEM175 increases selectivity further and renders this channel sensitive to 4-aminopyridine and Zn2+. Our findings suggest that large hydrophobic side chains occlude the pore, forming a physical gate, and that channel opening by iris-like motions simultaneously relocates the gate and exposes the otherwise concealed selectivity filter to the pore lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine D Brunner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligenSwitzerland
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Department Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Membrane Biophysics, Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Yvonne Neldner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Anna Moroni
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Gerhard Thiel
- Membrane Biophysics, Technical University of DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Timm Maier
- Department Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligenSwitzerland
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium
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36
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Perni S, Pollack LR, Gonzalez WC, Dzeng E, Baldwin MR. Moral distress and burnout in caring for older adults during medical school training. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:84. [PMID: 32293416 PMCID: PMC7092500 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-1980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moral distress is a reason for burnout in healthcare professionals, but the clinical settings in which moral distress is most often experienced by medical students, and whether moral distress is associated with burnout and career choices in medical students is unknown. We assessed moral distress in medical students while caring for older patients, and examined associations with burnout and interest in geriatrics. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study of second-, third-, and fourth-year medical students at an American medical school. The survey described 12 potentially morally distressing clinical scenarios involving older adult patients. Students reported if they encountered each scenario, and whether they experienced moral distress, graded on a 1-10 scale. We conducted a principal axis factor analysis to assess the dimensionality of the survey scenarios. A composite moral distress score was calculated as the sum of moral distress scores across all 12 scenarios. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Abbreviated Burnout Inventory, and interest in geriatrics was rated on a 7-point Likert scale. RESULTS Two-hundred and nine students responded (47%), of whom 90% (188/209) reported moral distress in response to ≥1 scenario with a median (IQR) score of 6 (4-7). Factor analysis suggested a unidimensional factor structure of the 12 survey questions that reliably measured individual distress (Cronbach alpha = 0.78). Those in the highest tertile of composite moral distress scores were more likely to be burnt out (51%) than those in the middle tertile of scores (34%), or lowest tertile of scores (31%) (p = 0.02). There was a trend towards greater interest in geriatrics among those in the higher tertiles of composite moral distress scores (16% lowest tertile, 20% middle tertile, 25% highest tertile, p-for-tend = 0.21). Respondents suggested that moral distress might be mitigated with didactic sessions in inpatient geriatric care, and debriefing sessions with peers and faculty on the inpatient clerkships on medicine, neurology, and surgery, where students most often reported experiencing moral distress. CONCLUSIONS Moral distress is highly prevalent among medical students while caring for older patients, and associated with burnout. Incorporating geriatrics education and debriefing sessions into inpatient clerkships could alleviate medical student moral distress and burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Perni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren R Pollack
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wendy C Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dzeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew R Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Witkowski MT, Kousteni S, Aifantis I. Mapping and targeting of the leukemic microenvironment. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20190589. [PMID: 31873722 PMCID: PMC7041707 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies support a role of the microenvironment in maintenance of the leukemic clone, as well as in treatment resistance. It is clear that disruption of the normal bone marrow microenvironment is sufficient to promote leukemic transformation and survival in both a cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous manner. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the various cell types shown to contribute to the leukemic microenvironment as well as treatment resistance. Several of these studies suggest that leukemic blasts occupy specific cellular and biochemical "niches." Effective dissection of critical leukemic niche components using single-cell approaches has allowed a more precise and extensive characterization of complexity that underpins both the healthy and malignant bone marrow microenvironment. Knowledge gained from these observations can have an important impact in the development of microenvironment-directed targeted approaches aimed at mitigating disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Witkowski
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Stavroula Kousteni
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Laura & Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Remein CD, Childs E, Pasco JC, Trinquart L, Flynn DB, Wingerter SL, Bhasin RM, Demers LB, Benjamin EJ. Content and outcomes of narrative medicine programmes: a systematic review of the literature through 2019. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031568. [PMID: 31988222 PMCID: PMC7045204 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Narrative medicine (NM) incorporates stories into health sciences paradigms as fundamental aspects of the human experience. The aim of this systematic review is to answer the research question: how effective is the implementation and evaluation of NM programmes in academic medicine and health sciences? We documented objectives, content and evaluation outcomes of NM programming to provide recommendations for future narrative-based education. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of literature published through 2019 using five major databases: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC and MedEdPORTAL. Eligible NM programming included textual analysis/close reading of published literature and creative/reflective writing. Qualifying participants comprised individuals from academic medicine and health sciences disciplines. We reviewed and categorised programme goals, content and evaluation activities to assess participant satisfaction and programme efficacy. Two members of the research team assessed the risk of bias, independently screening records via a two-round, iterative process to reach consensus on eligibility. RESULTS Of 1569 original citations identified, we selected 55 unique programmes (described in 61 records). In all, 41 (75%) programmes reported a form of evaluation; evaluation methods lacked consistency. Twenty-two programmes used quantitative evaluation (13 well described), and 33 programmes used qualitative evaluation (27 well described). Well-described quantitative evaluations relied on 32 different measures (7 validated) and showed evidence of high participant satisfaction and pre-post improvement in competencies such as relationship-building, empathy, confidence/personal accomplishment, pedagogical skills and clinical skills. An average of 88.3% of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the programme had positive outcomes. Qualitative evaluation identified high participant satisfaction and improvement in competencies such as relationship-building, empathy, perspective-taking/reflection, resilience and burnout detection/mitigation, confidence/personal accomplishment, narrative competence, and ethical inquiry. CONCLUSION Evaluation suggests that NM programming leads to high participant satisfaction and positive outcomes across various competencies. We suggest best practices and innovative future directions for programme implementation and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen Childs
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Carlo Pasco
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David B Flynn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Robina M Bhasin
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsay B Demers
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Gan Y, Lye TH, Marboe CC, Hendon CP. Characterization of the human myocardium by optical coherence tomography. J Biophotonics 2019; 12:e201900094. [PMID: 31400074 PMCID: PMC7456394 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of cardiac tissue structure plays a critical role in the treatment and understanding of cardiovascular disease. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers the potential to provide valuable, high-resolution imaging of cardiac tissue. However, there is a lack of comprehensive OCT imaging data of the human heart, which could improve identification of structural substrates underlying cardiac abnormalities. The objective of this study was to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis of OCT image features throughout the human heart. Fifty human hearts were acquired, and tissues from all chambers were imaged with OCT. Histology was obtained to verify tissue composition. Statistical differences between OCT image features corresponding to different tissue types and chambers were estimated using analysis of variance. OCT imaging provided features that were able to distinguish structures such as thickened collagen, as well as adipose tissue and fibrotic myocardium. Statistically significant differences were found between atria and ventricles in attenuation coefficient, and between adipose and all other tissue types. This study provides an overview of OCT image features throughout the human heart, which can be used for guiding future applications such as OCT-integrated catheter-based treatments or ex vivo investigation of structural substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Theresa H. Lye
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Charles C. Marboe
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christine P. Hendon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Correspondence: Christine P. Hendon, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W 120th Street, New York, NY 10032.
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Youssef M, Atsak P, Cardenas J, Kosmidis S, Leonardo ED, Dranovsky A. Early life stress delays hippocampal development and diminishes the adult stem cell pool in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4120. [PMID: 30858462 PMCID: PMC6412041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress predisposes to mental illness and behavioral dysfunction in adulthood, but the mechanisms underlying these persistent effects are poorly understood. Stress throughout life impairs the structure and function of the hippocampus, a brain system undergoing considerable development in early life. The long-term behavioral consequences of early life stress may therefore be due in part to interference with hippocampal development, in particular with assembly of the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. We investigated how early life stress produces long-term alterations in DG structure by examining DG assembly and the generation of a stable adult stem cell pool in routine housing and after stress induced by the limited bedding/nesting paradigm in mice. We found that early life stress leads to a more immature, proliferative DG than would be expected for the animal's age immediately after stress exposure, suggesting that early life stress delays DG development. Adult animals exposed to early life stress exhibited a reduction in the number of DG stem cells, but unchanged neurogenesis suggesting a depletion of the stem cell pool with compensation in the birth and survival of adult-born neurons. These results suggest a developmental mechanism by which early life stress can induce long-term changes in hippocampal function by interfering with DG assembly and ultimately diminishing the adult stem cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Piray Atsak
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jovani Cardenas
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stylianos Kosmidis
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - E David Leonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Alex Dranovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Spyropoulos GD, Gelinas JN, Khodagholy D. Internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor: A building block for integrated bioelectronics. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaau7378. [PMID: 30820453 PMCID: PMC6392764 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau7378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Real-time processing and manipulation of biological signals require bioelectronic devices with integrated components capable of signal amplification, processing, and stimulation. Transistors form the backbone of such circuits, but numerous criteria must be met for efficient and safe operation in biological environments. Here, we introduce an internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor (IGT) that uses contained mobile ions within the conducting polymer channel to permit both volumetric capacitance and shortened ionic transit time. The IGT has high transconductance, fast speed, and can be independently gated to create scalable conformable integrated circuits. We demonstrate the ability of the IGT to provide a miniaturized, comfortable interface with human skin using local amplification to record high-quality brain neurophysiological activity. The IGT is an effective transistor architecture for enabling integrated, real-time sensing and stimulation of signals from living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer N. Gelinas
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Arcos-Burgos M, Vélez JI, Martinez AF, Ribasés M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Sánchez-Mora C, Richarte V, Roncero C, Cormand B, Fernández-Castillo N, Casas M, Lopera F, Pineda DA, Palacio JD, Acosta-López JE, Cervantes-Henriquez ML, Sánchez-Rojas MG, Puentes-Rozo PJ, Molina BSG, Boden MT, Wallis D, Lidbury B, Newman S, Easteal S, Swanson J, Patel H, Volkow N, Acosta MT, Castellanos FX, de Leon J, Mastronardi CA, Muenke M. ADGRL3 (LPHN3) variants predict substance use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:42. [PMID: 30696812 PMCID: PMC6351584 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors are strongly implicated in the susceptibility to develop externalizing syndromes such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and substance use disorder (SUD). Variants in the ADGRL3 (LPHN3) gene predispose to ADHD and predict ADHD severity, disruptive behaviors comorbidity, long-term outcome, and response to treatment. In this study, we investigated whether variants within ADGRL3 are associated with SUD, a disorder that is frequently co-morbid with ADHD. Using family-based, case-control, and longitudinal samples from disparate regions of the world (n = 2698), recruited either for clinical, genetic epidemiological or pharmacogenomic studies of ADHD, we assembled recursive-partitioning frameworks (classification tree analyses) with clinical, demographic, and ADGRL3 genetic information to predict SUD susceptibility. Our results indicate that SUD can be efficiently and robustly predicted in ADHD participants. The genetic models used remained highly efficient in predicting SUD in a large sample of individuals with severe SUD from a psychiatric institution that were not ascertained on the basis of ADHD diagnosis, thus identifying ADGRL3 as a risk gene for SUD. Recursive-partitioning analyses revealed that rs4860437 was the predominant predictive variant. This new methodological approach offers novel insights into higher order predictive interactions and offers a unique opportunity for translational application in the clinical assessment of patients at high risk for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- INPAC Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas (IIM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jorge I Vélez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Ariel F Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Departament of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron-Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bru Cormand
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues, CAT, Spain
| | - Noelia Fernández-Castillo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, CAT, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues, CAT, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David A Pineda
- Neuroscience Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan D Palacio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johan E Acosta-López
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Martha L Cervantes-Henriquez
- Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel G Sánchez-Rojas
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Pedro J Puentes-Rozo
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Unidad de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Grupo de Neurociencias del Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Brooke S G Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Margaret T Boden
- University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Deeann Wallis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brett Lidbury
- National Center for Indigenous Genomics, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Saul Newman
- National Center for Indigenous Genomics, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Simon Easteal
- National Center for Indigenous Genomics, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James Swanson
- Department of Psychiatry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Child Development Center, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hardip Patel
- Genome Discovery Unit, Genome Biology Department, John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nora Volkow
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Maria T Acosta
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francisco X Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Jose de Leon
- University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Claudio A Mastronardi
- INPAC Research Group, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá, Colombia
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wu J, Deaton S, Jiao B, Rosen Z, Muennig PA. The cost-effectiveness analysis of the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme in China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208297. [PMID: 30532135 PMCID: PMC6287900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS) is a universal healthcare coverage plan now covering over 98% of rural residents in China, first implemented in 2003. Rising costs in the face of modest gains in health and financial protections have raised questions about the cost-effectiveness of the NCMS. METHODS Using the most recent estimates of the NCMS's health and economic consequences from a comprehensive review of the literature, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model for a hypothetical cohort between ages 20 and 100. We then did one-way sensitivity analyses and a probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulations to explore whether the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) falls below 37,059 international dollars [Int$], the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of three times per capita GDP of China in 2013. FINDINGS The ICER of the NCMS over the lifetime of an average 20-year-old rural resident in China was about Int$71,480 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained (95% confidence interval: cost-saving, Int$845,659/QALY). There was less than a 33% chance that the system was cost-saving or met the WTP threshold. However, the NCMS did fall under the threshold when changes in the program costs, the risk of mortality and hypertension, and the likelihood of labor force participation were tested in one-way sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION The NCMS appears to be economically inefficient in its current form. Further cost-effectiveness analyses are warranted in designing insurance benefit packages to ensure that the NCMS fund goes toward health care that has a good value in improving survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wu
- Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Global Research Analytics of Population Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shelby Deaton
- Global Research Analytics of Population Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Boshen Jiao
- Global Research Analytics of Population Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zohn Rosen
- Global Research Analytics of Population Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Muennig
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Le Magnen C, Virk RK, Dutta A, Kim JY, Panja S, Lopez-Bujanda ZA, Califano A, Drake CG, Mitrofanova A, Abate-Shen C. Cooperation of loss of NKX3.1 and inflammation in prostate cancer initiation. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035139. [PMID: 30266798 PMCID: PMC6262819 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that inflammation plays a critical role in prostate tumorigenesis, the underlying processes are not well understood. Based on analysis of genetically engineered mouse models combined with correlative analysis of expression profiling data from human prostate tumors, we demonstrate a reciprocal relationship between inflammation and the status of the NKX3.1 homeobox gene associated with prostate cancer initiation. We find that cancer initiation in aged Nkx3.1 mutant mice correlates with enrichment of specific immune populations and increased expression of immunoregulatory genes. Furthermore, expression of these immunoregulatory genes is similarly increased in human prostate tumors having low levels of NKX3.1 expression. We further show that induction of prostatitis in Nkx3.1 mutant mice accelerates prostate cancer initiation, which is coincident with aberrant cellular plasticity and differentiation. Correspondingly, human prostate tumors having low levels of NKX3.1 have de-regulated expression of genes associated with these cellular processes. We propose that loss of function of NKX3.1 accelerates inflammation-driven prostate cancer initiation potentially via aberrant cellular plasticity and impairment of cellular differentiation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Le Magnen
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renu K Virk
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Departments of Medicine and Urology, Institute of Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaime Yeji Kim
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sukanya Panja
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Zoila A Lopez-Bujanda
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Departments of Systems Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antonina Mitrofanova
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers School of Health Professions, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cory Abate-Shen
- Departments of Urology, Medicine, Pathology & Cell Biology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Reed GM, Keeley JW, Rebello TJ, First MB, Gureje O, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Kanba S, Khoury B, Kogan CS, Krasnov VN, Maj M, de Jesus Mari J, Sharan P, Stein DJ, Zhao M, Akiyama T, Andrews HF, Asevedo E, Cheour M, Domínguez-Martínez T, El-Khoury J, Fiorillo A, Grenier J, Gupta N, Kola L, Kulygina M, Leal-Leturia I, Luciano M, Lusu B, Martínez-López JNI, Matsumoto C, Odunleye M, Onofa LU, Paterniti S, Purnima S, Robles R, Sahu MK, Sibeko G, Zhong N, Gaebel W, Lovell AM, Maruta T, Pike KM, Roberts MC, Medina-Mora ME. Clinical utility of ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for high-burden mental disorders: results from mental health settings in 13 countries. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:306-315. [PMID: 30192090 PMCID: PMC6127762 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report the clinical utility of the diagnostic guidelines for ICD-11 mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders as assessed by 339 clinicians in 1,806 patients in 28 mental health settings in 13 countries. Clinician raters applied the guidelines for schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders, mood disorders (depressive and bipolar disorders), anxiety and fear-related disorders, and disorders specifically associated with stress. Clinician ratings of the clinical utility of the proposed ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines were very positive overall. The guidelines were perceived as easy to use, corresponding accurately to patients' presentations (i.e., goodness of fit), clear and understandable, providing an appropriate level of detail, taking about the same or less time than clinicians' usual practice, and providing useful guidance about distinguishing disorder from normality and from other disorders. Clinicians evaluated the guidelines as less useful for treatment selection and assessing prognosis than for communicating with other health professionals, though the former ratings were still positive overall. Field studies that assess perceived clinical utility of the proposed ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines among their intended users have very important implications. Classification is the interface between health encounters and health information; if clinicians do not find that a new diagnostic system provides clinically useful information, they are unlikely to apply it consistently and faithfully. This would have a major impact on the validity of aggregated health encounter data used for health policy and decision making. Overall, the results of this study provide considerable reason to be optimistic about the perceived clinical utility of the ICD-11 among global clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Reed
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jared W Keeley
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tahilia J Rebello
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael B First
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Brigitte Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cary S Kogan
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valery N Krasnov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pratap Sharan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town and South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center and Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Howard F Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Majda Cheour
- Department of Psychiatry, Tunis Al Manar University and Al Razi Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tecelli Domínguez-Martínez
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cátedras CONACYT, National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joseph El-Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Jean Grenier
- Institut du Savoir Montfort - Hôpital Montfort & Université d'Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lola Kola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Maya Kulygina
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Itziar Leal-Leturia
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Bulumko Lusu
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Mayokun Odunleye
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Sabrina Paterniti
- Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shivani Purnima
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rebeca Robles
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manoj K Sahu
- Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Goodman Sibeko
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Na Zhong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center and Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne M Lovell
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U988, Paris, France
| | - Toshimasa Maruta
- Health Management Center, Seitoku University, Matsudo City, Japan
| | - Kathleen M Pike
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C Roberts
- Office of Graduate Studies and Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Stroup TS, Gray N. Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:341-356. [PMID: 30192094 PMCID: PMC6127750 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of antipsychotic medications are sometimes obscured by their adverse effects. These effects range from relatively minor tolerability issues (e.g., mild sedation or dry mouth) to very unpleasant (e.g., constipation, akathisia, sexual dysfunction) to painful (e.g., acute dystonias) to disfiguring (e.g., weight gain, tardive dyskinesia) to life-threatening (e.g., myocarditis, agranulocytosis). Importantly, adverse effect profiles are specific to each antipsychotic medication and do not neatly fit into first- and second-generation classifications. This paper reviews management strategies for the most frequent side effects and identifies common principles intended to optimize net antipsychotic benefits. Only use antipsychotics if the indication is clear; only continue antipsychotics if a benefit is discernible. If an antipsychotic is providing substantial benefit, and the adverse effect is not life-threatening, then the first management choice is to lower the dose or adjust the dosing schedule. The next option is to change the antipsychotic; this is often reasonable unless the risk of relapse is high. In some instances, behavioral interventions can be tried. Finally, concomitant medications, though generally not desirable, are necessary in many instances and can provide considerable relief. Among concomitant medication strategies, anticholinergic medications for dystonias and parkinsonism are often effective; beta-blockers and anticholinergic medications are useful for akathisia; and metformin may lead to slight to moderate weight loss. Anticholinergic drops applied sublingually reduce sialorrhea. Usual medications are effective for constipation or dyslipidemias. The clinical utility of recently approved treatments for tardive dyskinesia, valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scott Stroup
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil Gray
- Department of Psychiatry, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Oliver RY, Ellis DPW, Chmura HE, Krause JS, Pérez JH, Sweet SK, Gough L, Wingfield JC, Boelman NT. Eavesdropping on the Arctic: Automated bioacoustics reveal dynamics in songbird breeding phenology. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaaq1084. [PMID: 29938220 PMCID: PMC6010323 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioacoustic networks could vastly expand the coverage of wildlife monitoring to complement satellite observations of climate and vegetation. This approach would enable global-scale understanding of how climate change influences phenomena such as migratory timing of avian species. The enormous data sets that autonomous recorders typically generate demand automated analyses that remain largely undeveloped. We devised automated signal processing and machine learning approaches to estimate dates on which songbird communities arrived at arctic breeding grounds. Acoustically estimated dates agreed well with those determined via traditional surveys and were strongly related to the landscape's snow-free dates. We found that environmental conditions heavily influenced daily variation in songbird vocal activity, especially before egg laying. Our novel approaches demonstrate that variation in avian migratory arrival can be detected autonomously. Large-scale deployment of this innovation in wildlife monitoring would enable the coverage necessary to assess and forecast changes in bird migration in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Y. Oliver
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | | | - Helen E. Chmura
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jesse S. Krause
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Pérez
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shannan K. Sweet
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Laura Gough
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA
| | - John C. Wingfield
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Natalie T. Boelman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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48
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Migliori B, Datta MS, Dupre C, Apak MC, Asano S, Gao R, Boyden ES, Hermanson O, Yuste R, Tomer R. Light sheet theta microscopy for rapid high-resolution imaging of large biological samples. BMC Biol 2018; 16:57. [PMID: 29843722 PMCID: PMC5975440 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in tissue clearing and molecular labeling methods are enabling unprecedented optical access to large intact biological systems. These developments fuel the need for high-speed microscopy approaches to image large samples quantitatively and at high resolution. While light sheet microscopy (LSM), with its high planar imaging speed and low photo-bleaching, can be effective, scaling up to larger imaging volumes has been hindered by the use of orthogonal light sheet illumination. RESULTS To address this fundamental limitation, we have developed light sheet theta microscopy (LSTM), which uniformly illuminates samples from the same side as the detection objective, thereby eliminating limits on lateral dimensions without sacrificing the imaging resolution, depth, and speed. We present a detailed characterization of LSTM, and demonstrate its complementary advantages over LSM for rapid high-resolution quantitative imaging of large intact samples with high uniform quality. CONCLUSIONS The reported LSTM approach is a significant step for the rapid high-resolution quantitative mapping of the structure and function of very large biological systems, such as a clarified thick coronal slab of human brain and uniformly expanded tissues, and also for rapid volumetric calcium imaging of highly motile animals, such as Hydra, undergoing non-isomorphic body shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Migliori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,, Sweden
| | - Malika S Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christophe Dupre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mehmet C Apak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shoh Asano
- MIT Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Pfizer Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ruixuan Gao
- MIT Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward S Boyden
- MIT Media Lab and McGovern Institute, Departments of Biological Engineering and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ola Hermanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm,, Sweden
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raju Tomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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49
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Holtzman BK, Paté A, Paisley J, Waldhauser F, Repetto D. Machine learning reveals cyclic changes in seismic source spectra in Geysers geothermal field. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaao2929. [PMID: 29806015 PMCID: PMC5966224 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The earthquake rupture process comprises complex interactions of stress, fracture, and frictional properties. New machine learning methods demonstrate great potential to reveal patterns in time-dependent spectral properties of seismic signals and enable identification of changes in faulting processes. Clustering of 46,000 earthquakes of 0.3 < ML < 1.5 from the Geysers geothermal field (CA) yields groupings that have no reservoir-scale spatial patterns but clear temporal patterns. Events with similar spectral properties repeat on annual cycles within each cluster and track changes in the water injection rates into the Geysers reservoir, indicating that changes in acoustic properties and faulting processes accompany changes in thermomechanical state. The methods open new means to identify and characterize subtle changes in seismic source properties, with applications to tectonic and geothermal seismicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arthur Paté
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - John Paisley
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA
| | - Felix Waldhauser
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Douglas Repetto
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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Shiau S, Kahn LG, Platt J, Li C, Guzman JT, Kornhauser ZG, Keyes KM, Martins SS. Evaluation of a flipped classroom approach to learning introductory epidemiology. BMC Med Educ 2018; 18:63. [PMID: 29609654 PMCID: PMC5879803 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the flipped classroom model has been widely adopted in medical education, reports on its use in graduate-level public health programs are limited. This study describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a flipped classroom redesign of an introductory epidemiology course and compares it to a traditional model. METHODS One hundred fifty Masters-level students enrolled in an introductory epidemiology course with a traditional format (in-person lecture and discussion section, at-home assignment; 2015, N = 72) and a flipped classroom format (at-home lecture, in-person discussion section and assignment; 2016, N = 78). Using mixed methods, we compared student characteristics, examination scores, and end-of-course evaluations of the 2016 flipped classroom format and the 2015 traditional format. Data on the flipped classroom format, including pre- and post-course surveys, open-ended questions, self-reports of section leader teaching practices, and classroom observations, were evaluated. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences in examination scores or students' assessment of the course between 2015 (traditional) and 2016 (flipped). In 2016, 57.1% (36) of respondents to the end-of-course evaluation found watching video lectures at home to have a positive impact on their time management. Open-ended survey responses indicated a number of strengths of the flipped classroom approach, including the freedom to watch pre-recorded lectures at any time and the ability of section leaders to clarify targeted concepts. Suggestions for improvement focused on ways to increase regular interaction with lecturers. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in students' performance on quantitative assessments comparing the traditional format to the flipped classroom format. The flipped format did allow for greater flexibility and applied learning opportunities at home and during discussion sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Shiau
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 509, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Linda G. Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Jonathan Platt
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 509, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Chihua Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 509, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Jason T. Guzman
- Center for Teaching and Learning, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 509, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Silvia S. Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 509, New York, NY 10032 USA
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