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Son SM, Ahn E, Ahn S, Cho S, Ryu S. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter spp. on soil and crops collected from agricultural fields in South Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1931-1937. [PMID: 38752113 PMCID: PMC11091005 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter spp. is a rising public health concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes and the virulence of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from soil and crops obtained from agricultural fields in South Korea. Eight Acinetobacter spp. isolates carried various antibiotic resistance genes, such as emrAB (100%), cat/craA (100%), and aadA gene (87.5%). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis revealed that strains harboring antibiotic resistance genes exhibited high resistance to the respective antibiotics, such as colistin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. Interestingly, most of these isolates had high capability of biofilm formation and swarming motility, along with faster growth rates. Taken together, our study demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter isolated from agricultural settings in South Korea not only frequently carries antibiotic resistance genes but also has virulence-related traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01496-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Son
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbyeol Ahn
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sojin Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- eGnome Inc., Seoul, 05836 Republic of Korea
| | - Seoae Cho
- eGnome Inc., Seoul, 05836 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Kang SY, Ko YS, Kim HS, Yoo JJ. Outcome and complication rate of total hip arthroplasty in patients younger than twenty years: which bearing surface should be used? Int Orthop 2024; 48:1381-1390. [PMID: 38217722 PMCID: PMC11076316 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-06086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in younger patients remains controversial due to concerns regarding long-term implant survival and potential complications. This study aimed to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes, complications, differences in complication and revision rates by bearing surfaces, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves for THA in patients under 20 years old. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted for 65 patients (78 hips) who underwent THA between 1991 and 2018. Their mean age was 18.9 years. Their clinical outcomes were assessed using the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Radiological outcomes were evaluated based on the presence of loosening, osteolysis, and heterotopic ossification. Complications such as dislocation, periprosthetic fractures, and infections were assessed. The mean follow-up period was 13.2 years (range, 5.0-31.2 years). RESULTS The mean HHS improved from 44.6 to 90.1. There were two cases of dislocation. However, no periprosthetic fracture, deep infection, or ceramic component fracture was noted. There were 19 revisions of implants. Eighteen of 19 hips were operated with hard-on-soft bearings in the index surgery (p < 0.01). The 23-year survivorship was 97.8% for THA using ceramic-on-ceramic bearings, while the 31-year survivorship was 36.7% using hard-on-soft bearings. CONCLUSION THA in patients under 20 years old yielded promising clinical and radiological outcomes, although polyethylene-bearing-related concerns persisted. Previously operated patients with hard-on-soft bearing should be meticulously examined during the follow-up. As ceramic-on-ceramic bearing showed excellent survivorship in this particular cohort, we recommend the use of this articulation as the bearing of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Seung Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Joon Yoo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Jang CS, Kim H, Kim D, Han B. MicroPredict: predicting species-level taxonomic abundance of whole-shotgun metagenomic data using only 16S amplicon sequencing data. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:701-712. [PMID: 38700829 PMCID: PMC11102407 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of the human microbiome in the analysis of various diseases is emerging. The two main methods used to profile the human microbiome are 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S sequencing) and whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS). Owing to the full coverage of the genome in sequencing, WGS has multiple advantages over 16S sequencing, including higher taxonomic profiling resolution at the species-level and functional profiling analysis. However, 16S sequencing remains widely used because of its relatively low cost. Although WGS is the standard method for obtaining accurate species-level data, we found that 16S sequencing data contained rich information to predict high-resolution species-level abundances with reasonable accuracy. OBJECTIVE In this study, we proposed MicroPredict, a method for accurately predicting WGS-comparable species-level abundance data using 16S taxonomic profile data. METHODS We employed a mixed model using two key strategies: (1) modeling both sample- and species-specific information for predicting WGS abundances, and (2) accounting for the possible correlations among different species. RESULTS We found that MicroPredict outperformed the other machine learning methods. CONCLUSION We expect that our approach will help researchers accurately approximate the species-level abundances of microbiome profiles in datasets for which only cost-effective 16S sequencing has been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Soohyun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hakin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Buhm Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jung JJ, Cheun JH, Kim HK, Lee HB, Moon HG, Hwang KT, Han W. Comparison of long-term oncologic outcomes of central lumpectomy and conventional breast-conserving surgery for invasive breast cancer: propensity score matching analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 205:465-474. [PMID: 38526688 PMCID: PMC11101516 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Central lumpectomy (CL) is a breast-conserving surgical (BCS) technique that involves excision of the nipple-areolar complex with breast tumor in centrally located breast cancers. We aimed to investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of CL in comparison with conventional BCS (cBCS). METHODS Patient records who underwent BCS with clear resection margins for invasive breast cancer between 2004 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the total 6,533 patients, 106 (1.6%) underwent CL. Median follow-up duration was 73.4 months. 1:3 propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to minimize selection bias. RESULTS The CL group showed a significantly higher ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) rate than the cBCS group (10-year IBTR rate: 5.8% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.004), even after adjusting for other variables (hazard ratio (HR), 2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-6.60, p = 0.048). However, there were no significant differences observed in regional recurrence, distant metastasis, or overall survival rates between the two groups. Both PSM and IPTW analyses showed significantly higher IBTR in the CL group (PSM HR, 3.27; 95% CI, 0.94-11.36; p = 0.048 and IPTW HR, 4.66; 95%CI, 1.85-11.77; p < 0.001). Lastly, when analyzing 2,213 patients whose tumors were located within 3 cm of the nipple, the CL group showed a significantly higher IBTR than the cBCS group before and after PSM. CONCLUSION CL was associated with a higher rate of IBTR compared to cBCS, while other survival outcomes were comparable. For centrally located tumors, CL may be considered for patients preferring breast preservation. However, higher risk for IBTR should be informed and careful surveillance may be necessary during the early post-operative follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Cheun
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong H, Koh J, Kim S, Song SG, Lee SH, Jeon Y, Lee CH, Keam B, Lee SH, Chung DH, Jeon YK. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling predicts a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in PD-L1-high lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02698-4. [PMID: 38729997 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 signaling in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the role of EMT as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. METHODS PD-L1-overexpressing or PD-L1-knockdown NSCLC cells underwent RNA-seq and EMT phenotype assessment. Mouse lung cancer LLC cells were injected into nude mice. Two cohorts of patients with NSCLC undergoing ICI therapy were analyzed. RESULTS RNA-seq showed that EMT pathways were enriched in PD-L1-high NSCLC cells. EMT was enhanced by PD-L1 in NSCLC cells, which was mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). PD-L1 promoted the activation of p38-MAPK by binding to and inhibiting the protein phosphatase PPM1B, thereby increasing the TGFβ production. Tumor growth and metastasis increased in nude mice injected with PD-L1-overexpressing LLC cells. In the ICI cohort, EMT signature was higher in patients with progressive disease than in those with responses, and EMT was significantly associated with poor survival in PD-L1-high NSCLC. In PD-L1-high NSCLC, EMT was associated with increased M2-macrophage and regulatory T-cell infiltrations and decreased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 function contributes to NSCLC progression by promoting EMT. EMT may predict an unfavorable outcome after ICI therapy in PD-L1-high NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdiscipilinary Program of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geun Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Jeon
- Interdiscipilinary Program of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hwan Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Interdiscipilinary Program of Cancer Biology, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hwang J, Hwang SS, Kim HB, Lee J, Lee J. Risk compensation after COVID-19 vaccination: Evidence from vaccine rollout by exact birth date in South Korea. Health Econ 2024. [PMID: 38728372 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
We utilize the phased rollout of COVID-19 vaccines by exact birth date in South Korea as a natural experiment for testing risk compensation. People may resume face-to-face social activities following vaccination because they perceive lower risk of infection. Applying a regression discontinuity design based on birth date cutoffs for vaccine eligibility, we find no evidence of risk-compensating behaviors, as measured by large, high-frequency data from credit card and airline companies as well as survey data. We find some evidence of self-selection into vaccine take-up based on perception toward vaccine effectiveness and side effects, but the treatment effects do not differ between compliers and never-takers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Hwang
- College of Liberal Studies, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Hwang
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Bryant Kim
- Department of Economics and Division of Public Policy, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of Economics, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Economics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Choi Y, Koh J, Cha SS, Roe JH. Activation of zinc uptake regulator by zinc binding to three regulatory sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4185-4197. [PMID: 38349033 PMCID: PMC11077047 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Zur is a Fur-family metalloregulator that is widely used to control zinc homeostasis in bacteria. In Streptomyces coelicolor, Zur (ScZur) acts as both a repressor for zinc uptake (znuA) gene and an activator for zinc exporter (zitB) gene. Previous structural studies revealed three zinc ions specifically bound per ScZur monomer; a structural one to allow dimeric architecture and two regulatory ones for DNA-binding activity. In this study, we present evidence that Zur contains a fourth specific zinc-binding site with a key histidine residue (H36), widely conserved among actinobacteria, for regulatory function. Biochemical, genetic, and calorimetric data revealed that H36 is critical for hexameric binding of Zur to the zitB zurbox and further binding to its upstream region required for full activation. A comprehensive thermodynamic model demonstrated that the DNA-binding affinity of Zur to both znuA and zitB zurboxes is remarkably enhanced upon saturation of all three regulatory zinc sites. The model also predicts that the strong coupling between zinc binding and DNA binding equilibria of Zur drives a biphasic activation of the zitB gene in response to a wide concentration change of zinc. Similar mechanisms may be pertinent to other metalloproteins, expanding their response spectrum through binding multiple regulatory metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchan Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseock Koh
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Roe
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Park S, Myong Y, Cho M, Cho SY, Lee WH, Oh BM, Kim S. Design and validation of a wearable dynamometry system for knee extension-flexion torque measurement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10428. [PMID: 38714762 PMCID: PMC11076506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle strength assessments are vital in rehabilitation, orthopedics, and sports medicine. However, current methods used in clinical settings, such as manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometers, often lack reliability, and isokinetic dynamometers (IKD), while reliable, are not easily portable. The aim of this study was to design and validate a wearable dynamometry system with high accessibility, accuracy, and reliability, and to validate the device. Therefore, we designed a wearable dynamometry system (WDS) equipped with knee joint torque sensors. To validate this WDS, we measured knee extension and flexion strength in 39 healthy adults using both the IKD and WDS. Comparing maximal isometric torque measurements, WDS and IKD showed strong correlation and good reliability for extension (Pearson's r: 0.900; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.893; standard error of measurement [SEM]: 9.85%; minimal detectable change [MDC]: 27.31%) and flexion (Pearson's r: 0.870; ICC: 0.857; SEM: 11.93%; MDC: 33.07%). WDS demonstrated excellent inter-rater (Pearson's r: 0.990; ICC: 0.993; SEM: 4.05%) and test-retest (Pearson's r: 0.970; ICC: 0.984; SEM: 6.15%) reliability during extension/flexion. User feedback from 35 participants, including healthcare professionals, underscores WDS's positive user experience and clinical potential. The proposed WDS is a suitable alternative to IKD, providing high accuracy, reliability, and potentially greater accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, The Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youho Myong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Cho
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, The Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Mo Oh
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, The Graduate School, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Bio engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lee Y, Seo SH, Kim J, Kim SA, Lee JY, Lee JO, Bang SM, Park KU, Hwang SM. Diagnostic Approaches to Investigate JAK2-Unmutated Erythrocytosis Based on a Single Tertiary Center Experience. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:311-318. [PMID: 38568469 PMCID: PMC11068693 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erythrocytosis is attributed to various clinical and molecular factors. Many cases of JAK2-unmutated erythrocytosis remain undiagnosed. We investigated the characteristics and causes of JAK2-unmutated erythrocytosis. METHODS We assessed the clinical and laboratory results of patients with erythrocytosis without JAK2 mutations and performed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for somatic and germline mutations. RESULTS In total, 117 patients with JAK2-unmutated erythrocytosis were included. The median hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were 17.9 g/dL and 53.4%, respectively. Erythropoietin levels were not below the reference range. Thrombotic events were reported in 17 patients (14.5%). Among JAK2-unmutated patients, 44 had undergone targeted panel sequencing consisting of myeloid neoplasm-related genes, and 16 had one or more reportable variants in ASXL1 (5/44), TET2, CALR, FLT3, and SH2B3 (2/44). Additional testing for germline causes revealed eight variants in seven genes in eight patients, including NF1, BPGM, EPAS1, PIEZO1, RHAG, SH2B3, and VHL genes. One NF1 pathogenic, one BPGM likely pathogenic, and six variants of undetermined significance were detected. CONCLUSION Somatic and germline mutations were identified in 36.4% and 33.3 % of the JAK2-unmutated group; most variants had unknown clinical significance. Not all genetic causes have been identified; comprehensive diagnostic approaches are crucial for identifying the cause of erythrocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngeun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Precision Medicine Center, Future Innovation Research Division, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Soo-Mee Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Mee Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee JH, Han JP. In vivo LNP-CRISPR Approaches for the Treatment of Hemophilia. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:239-248. [PMID: 38538969 PMCID: PMC11068834 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-024-00705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in coagulation factor VIII (hemophilia A) or IX (hemophilia B) genes resulting in blood clotting disorders. Despite advances in therapies, such as recombinant proteins and products with extended half-lives, the treatment of hemophilia still faces two major limitations: the short duration of therapeutic effect and production of neutralizing antibodies against clotting factors (inhibitor). To overcome these limitations, new hemophilia treatment strategies have been established such as gene therapy, bispecific antibody, and rebalancing therapy. Although these strategies have shown promising results, it is difficult to achieve a permanent therapeutic effect. Advances in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology have allowed sustainable treatment by correcting mutated genes. Since genome editing generates irreversible changes in host genome, safety must be ensured by delivering target organs. Therefore, the delivery tool of the CRISPR system is crucial for safe, accurate, and efficient genome editing. Recently, non-viral vector lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as safer tools for delivering CRISPR systems than other viral vectors. Several previous hemophilia pre-clinical studies using LNP-CRISPR showed that sufficient and sustainable therapeutic effects, which means that LNP-CRISPR-mediated genome-editing therapy can be a valid option for the treatment of hemophilia. In this paper, we summarize the latest advancements in the successful treatment of hemophilia and the potential of CRISPR-mediated genome-editing therapy using LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyeon Lee
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, 25354, Gangwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Pil Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institute of Green BioScience and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447 Pyeongchang-ro, Daewha, Pyeongchang, 25354, Gangwon, Korea.
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Youn MS, Kim N, Lee MJ, Kim M. Treatment Outcome After Switching From Galcanezumab to Fremanezumab in Patients With Migraine. J Clin Neurol 2024; 20:300-305. [PMID: 38713076 PMCID: PMC11076194 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2023.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (anti-CGRP-R) have been widely administered to patients with migraine who show inadequate responses to preventive medications. Among patients in whom a particular anti-CGRP-R mAb is ineffective, switching between different anti-CGRP-R mAbs can be the next option. Few studies have investigated treatment outcomes for antibody switching, especially between mAbs with the same target of the CGRP ligand. We aimed to determine the treatment outcome after switching between two anti-CGRP mAbs (galcanezumab to fremanezumab). METHODS We identified migraine patients in a prospective headache clinic registry who received galcanezumab for ≥3 months and were switched to fremanezumab for a further ≥3 months at a single university hospital. We defined a treatment response as a ≥50% reduction in the number of days with a moderate or severe headache at the third month of treatment relative to baseline. The treatment response after switching to fremanezumab was compared with the initial treatment response to galcanezumab. RESULTS Among 21 patients identified in the registry, 7 (33.3%) were initial responders to galcanezumab. After switching to fremanezumab, 7 (33.3%) showed a treatment response. The treatment response rate was 28.6% in the initial responders and 71.4% in the nonresponders to galcanezumab (p>0.999). CONCLUSIONS Switching between anti-CGRP mAbs (galcanezumab to fremanezumab) yielded a treatment outcome comparable to that reported previously when switching from an anti-CGRP-R mAb (erenumab) to an anti-CGRP mAb (galcanezumab or fremanezumab). The treatment response to fremanezumab seems to be independent of the prior treatment response to galcanezumab. Our findings suggest that switching to another anti-CGRP mAb can be considered when a particular anti-CGRP mAb is ineffective or intolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sojung Youn
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Namoh Kim
- Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ji Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Kim YG, Lee JH, Shim JW, Rhee W, Kim BS, Yoon D, Kim MJ, Park JW, Jeong CW, Yang HK, Cho M, Kim S. A multimodal virtual vision platform as a next-generation vision system for a surgical robot. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:1535-1548. [PMID: 38305815 PMCID: PMC11021270 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-024-03030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Robot-assisted surgery platforms are utilized globally thanks to their stereoscopic vision systems and enhanced functional assistance. However, the necessity of ergonomic improvement for their use by surgeons has been increased. In surgical robots, issues with chronic fatigue exist owing to the fixed posture of the conventional stereo viewer (SV) vision system. A head-mounted display was adopted to alleviate the inconvenience, and a virtual vision platform (VVP) is proposed in this study. The VVP can provide various critical data, including medical images, vital signs, and patient records, in three-dimensional virtual reality space so that users can access medical information simultaneously. An availability of the VVP was investigated based on various user evaluations by surgeons and novices, who executed the given tasks and answered questionnaires. The performances of the SV and VVP were not significantly different; however, the craniovertebral angle of the VVP was 16.35° higher on average than that of the SV. Survey results regarding the VVP were positive; participants indicated that the optimal number of displays was six, preferring the 2 × 3 array. Reflecting the tendencies, the VVP can be a neoconceptual candidate to be customized for medical use, which opens a new prospect in a next-generation surgical robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Gyun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Shim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wounsuk Rhee
- Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Soo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Cho
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Park K, Kim K, Im YJ. Role of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in predicting the prognosis of antenatal hydronephrosis. Investig Clin Urol 2024; 65:293-299. [PMID: 38714520 PMCID: PMC11076795 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20240091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Urinary biomarkers are known to be able to diagnose renal damage caused by obstruction at an early stage. We evaluated the usefulness of urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) to determine the prognosis of antenatal hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2019 to December 2021, a retrospective study was performed on patients with grade 3 or 4 hydronephrosis. We analyzed the ultrasonographic findings and the urinary NAG/Cr ratio between the laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) group and active surveillance (AS) group. RESULTS A total of 21 children underwent LP for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction and 14 children underwent AS. The mean age at the time of examination was 3.7 months (1.7-7.5 months) in the LP and 5.2 months (0.5-21.5 months) in the AS (p=0.564). The mean anteroposterior pelvic diameter was 30.0 mm (15.0-49.0 mm) in the LP and 16.7 mm (9.0-31.3 mm) in the AS (p=0.003). The mean renal parenchymal thickness was 2.6 mm (1.2-3.7 mm) in the LP and 3.8 mm (2.9-5.5 mm) in the AS (p=0.017). The urinary NAG/Cr ratio was 26.1 IU/g (9.8-47.4 IU/g) in the LP and 11.1 IU/g (2.6-18.1 IU/g) in the AS (p=0.003). After LP, the urinary NAG/Cr ratio was significantly reduced to 10.4 IU/g (3.4-14.2 IU/g) (p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS The urinary NAG/Cr ratio, one of the biomarkers of acute renal injury, is closely related to the degree of hydronephrosis. Therefore, it may be useful to determine whether to perform surgery on the UPJ obstruction and to predict the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanjin Park
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Kim
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jae Im
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chun JW, Kang E, Kim HK, Lee HB, Moon HG, Lee JW, Han W. Oncological Safety of Skipping Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Clinical N0, Sentinel Node-Positive Breast Cancer Undergoing Total Mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:3168-3176. [PMID: 38368292 PMCID: PMC10997532 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone could afford oncological outcomes comparable with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with early breast cancer without palpable lymphadenopathy who underwent total mastectomy (TM) and were SLN-positive. METHODS This study analyzed clinical data of 6747 patients with breast cancer who underwent TM between 2014 and 2018 in two tertiary hospitals in Korea. Overall, 643 clinical stage T1-3 N0 patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy and had one to two metastatic SLNs at the time of surgery were included. Propensity score matching was performed between the SLNB alone and ALND groups, adjusting for clinical T stage and number of metastatic SLNs. In total, 237 patients were allocated to each group. RESULTS Mean number of metastatic SLNs was 1.2 for the SLNB group and 1.6 for the ALND group. With a median follow-up of 65.0 months, 5 year disease-free survival was 90.8% for the SLNB group and 93.9% for the ALND group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-2.58; p = 0.36). 5 year ipsilateral locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) was not significantly different between the two groups (95.1% and 98.3% for the SLNB and ALND groups, respectively) [HR 1.86, 95% CI 0.69-5.04; p = 0.21]. In the SLNB group, patients who received radiation therapy (RT) showed superior 5 year LRRFS than patients who did not receive RT (100% vs. 92.9%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that SLNB could afford comparable outcomes to ALND in patients with early breast cancer and one to two metastatic SLNs who underwent TM. Importantly, RT could decrease locoregional recurrence in patients who underwent SLNB alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Whan Chun
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Kang
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wonshik Han
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Choi SY, Choi KD, Choi JH, Kim JS. Abnormal vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials as a risk factor for unpredicted falls in spinocerebellar ataxia: a preliminary study. J Neurol 2024; 271:2539-2546. [PMID: 38278980 PMCID: PMC11055768 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to correlate the symptoms and signs with the findings of laboratory vestibular function tests in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA). METHOD We retrospectively recruited 26 patients with SCA (9 men, median age: 52, age range: 21-67). Assessments included Dizziness Handicap Inventory, EuroQoL Five-Dimension, symptom questionnaires manifesting during walking in daily life, the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and vestibular function tests including 3D video-oculography, video head impulse test, subjective visual vertical, and cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP). RESULTS Cross-analyses revealed that the patients with VEMP abnormalities showed higher SARA (p = 0.014) and prevalence of unpredictable falls (p = 0.046). The patients with SCA1 more frequently had unpredictable falls (75%, p = 0.038) and VEMP abnormalities (88%, p = 0.001) compared to SCA2 (29% falls, 17% VEMP abnormalities) and SCA6 (no falls or VEMP abnormalities). CONCLUSION Abnormal VEMPs are strongly associated with unpredicted falls in patients with SCA, particularly in those with SCA1. Impaired processing of otolithic information may contribute to falls in SCAs, and VEMP may help identifying the patients with a risk for unpredicted falls and preventing fall-related injuries in SCA. Limited number of patients with lower SARA scores warrant further confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Dong Choi
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dizziness Center, and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lv D, Xiao B, Liu H, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang YH, Jin Q. Enhanced NMDA receptor pathway and glutamate transmission in the hippocampal dentate gyrus mediate the spatial learning and memory impairment of obese rats. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:821-831. [PMID: 38416255 PMCID: PMC11033237 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked with the impairment of spatial memory and synaptic plasticity but the molecular mechanisms remained unidentified. Since glutamatergic transmission and NMDA receptor neural pathways in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are essential in the learning and memory, we aimed to investigate glutamate (Glu) and NMDA receptor signaling of DG in spatial learning and memory in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats. Spatial learning and memory were assessed via Morris water maze (MWM) test on control (Ctr) and DIO rats. Extracellular concentration of Glu in the DG was determined using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC. The protein expressions of NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) in the DG were observed by western blot. Spatial learning and memory were impaired in DIO rats compared to those of Ctr. NR2B expression was increased, while BDNF expression and CaMKII and CREB activation were decreased in DG of DIO rats. Extracellular concentration of Glu was increased in Ctr on the 3rd and 4th days of the MWM test, but significant further increment was observed in DIO rats. Microinjection of an NMDA antagonist (MK-801) into the DG reversed spatial learning and memory impairment. Such effects were accompanied by greater BDNF expression and CaMKII/CREB activation in the DG of DIO rats. In conclusion, the enhancement of Glu-NMDA receptor transmission in the hippocampal DG contributes to the impairment of spatial learning and memory in DIO rats, maybe via the modulation of CaMKII-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Huaying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yingshun Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yin Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Ischemia/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Qinghua Jin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Lee S, Chae YS, Yun WG, Kim JC, Park JK, Kim MG, Kim J, Cho YS, Kong SH, Park DJ, Lee HJ, Yang HK. Long-Term Outcome of Proximal Gastrectomy for Upper-Third Advanced Gastric and Siewert Type II Esophagogastric Junction Cancer Compared With Total Gastrectomy: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:3024-3030. [PMID: 38372863 PMCID: PMC10997683 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the oncologic long-term safety of proximal gastrectomy for upper-third advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and Siewert type II esophagogastric junction (EGJ) cancer. METHODS The study enrolled patients who underwent proximal gastrectomy (PG) or total gastrectomy (TG) with standard lymph node (LN) dissection for pathologically proven upper-third AGC and EGJ cancers between January 2007 and December 2018. Propensity score-matching with a 1:1 ratio was performed to reduce the influence of confounding variables such as age, sex, tumor size, T stage, N stage, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze oncologic outcome. The prognostic factors of recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS Of the 713 enrolled patients in this study, 60 received PG and 653 received TG. Propensity score-matching yielded 60 patients for each group. The overall survival rates were 61.7 % in the PG group and 68.3 % in the TG group (p = 0.676). The RFS was 86.7 % in the PG group and 83.3 % in the TG group (p = 0.634). The PG group showed eight recurrences (1 anastomosis site, 1 paraaortic LN, 1 liver, 1 spleen, 1 lung, 1 splenic hilar LN, and 2 remnant stomachs). In the multivariate analysis, the operation method was not identified as a prognostic factor of tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION The patients who underwent PG had a long-term oncologic outcome similar to that for the patients who underwent TG for upper-third AGC and EGJ cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungho Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Chae
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Yun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jane Chungyoon Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Park
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Seok Cho
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hong EG, Min KW, Lim JS, Ahn KJ, Ahn CW, Yu JM, Kim HS, Kim HJ, Kim W, Kim DH, Jang HC. Real-World Outcomes of Individualized Targeted Therapy with Insulin Glargine 300 Units/mL in Insulin-Naïve Korean People with Type 2 Diabetes: TOBE Study. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1967-1982. [PMID: 38512540 PMCID: PMC11052798 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The TOujeo BEyond glucose control (TOBE) study evaluated clinical outcomes with insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla-300) in insulin-naïve Korean people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a real-world setting. METHODS This 24-week, prospective, non-interventional, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, observational study included adults aged ≥ 20 years with T2DM suboptimally controlled with oral hypoglycemic agents and/or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists who require basal insulin. Eligible participants were assigned to either general target glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c < 7%) or individualized target groups as per physician's discretion considering guidelines and participants' characteristics. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants achieving the HbA1c target (individualized or general) at 24 weeks. RESULTS Among 369 participants, 19.5% (72/369) of participants achieved the HbA1c target at week 24; 37.5% (33/88) in the individualized and 13.9% (39/281) in the general target group. In both target groups, similar reductions in fasting plasma glucose and body weight were observed, with low incidence of hypoglycemia, and T2DM duration was significantly shorter in participants who did versus those who did not achieve the target HbA1c (individualized target group: 9.6 ± 8.0 versus 13.1 ± 8.4 years, P = 0.0454; general target group: 10.2 ± 8.6 versus 12.8 ± 7.4 years, P = 0.0378). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that initiation of insulin therapy with Gla-300 in people with T2DM using an individualized approach is more effective in achieving an HbA1c target. Moreover, earlier initiation of insulin therapy in people with suboptimally controlled T2DM may increase the success rate of glycemic control. A graphical abstract is available with this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Gyoung Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Jeung Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Woo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Soon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Medical Department, Sanofi Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Han Kim
- Medical Department, Sanofi Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro, 173-Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
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Kim YH, Jiang W, Lee D, Moon D, Choi HY, Shin JC, Jeong Y, Kim JC, Lee J, Huh W, Han CY, So JP, Kim TS, Kim SB, Koo HC, Wang G, Kang K, Park HG, Jeong HY, Im S, Lee GH, Low T, Lee CH. Boltzmann Switching MoS 2 Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors Enabled by Monolithic-Oxide-Gapped Metal Gates at the Schottky-Mott Limit. Adv Mater 2024:e2314274. [PMID: 38647521 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A gate stack that facilitates a high-quality interface and tight electrostatic control is crucial for realizing high-performance and low-power field-effect transistors (FETs). However, when constructing conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor structures with two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide channels, achieving these requirements becomes challenging due to inherent difficulties in obtaining high-quality gate dielectrics through native oxidation or film deposition. Here, a gate-dielectric-less device architecture of van der Waals Schottky gated metal-semiconductor FETs (vdW-SG MESFETs) using a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channel and surface-oxidized metal gates such as nickel and copper is reported. Benefiting from the strong SG coupling, these MESFETs operate at remarkably low gate voltages, <0.5 V. Notably, they also exhibit Boltzmann-limited switching behavior featured by a subthreshold swing of ≈60 mV dec-1 and negligible hysteresis. These ideal FET characteristics are attributed to the formation of a Fermi-level (EF) pinning-free gate stack at the Schottky-Mott limit. Furthermore, authors experimentally and theoretically confirm that EF depinning can be achieved by suppressing both metal-induced and disorder-induced gap states at the interface between the monolithic-oxide-gapped metal gate and the MoS2 channel. This work paves a new route for designing high-performance and energy-efficient 2D electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ho Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Chul Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeong
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Chan Kim
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Huh
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yong Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pil So
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Soo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Been Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Koo
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Gunuk Wang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibum Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities (UCRF) and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongil Im
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lee S, Park YS, Rhee JH, Chu H, Frost JM, Choi Y. Insights into plant regeneration: cellular pathways and DNA methylation dynamics. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:120. [PMID: 38634973 PMCID: PMC11026228 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants, known for their immobility, employ various mechanisms against stress and damage. A prominent feature is the formation of callus tissue-a cellular growth phenomenon that remains insufficiently explored, despite its distinctive cellular plasticity compared to vertebrates. Callus formation involves dedifferentiated cells, with a subset attaining pluripotency. Calluses exhibit an extraordinary capacity to reinitiate cellular division and undergo structural transformations, generating de novo shoots and roots, thereby developing into regenerated plants-a testament to the heightened developmental plasticity inherent in plants. In this way, plant regeneration through clonal propagation is a widely employed technique for vegetative reproduction. Thus, exploration of the biological components involved in regaining pluripotency contributes to the foundation upon which methods of somatic plant propagation can be advanced. This review provides an overview of the cellular pathway involved in callus and subsequent de novo shoot formation from already differentiated plant tissue, highlighting key genes critical to this process. In addition, it explores the intricate realm of epigenetic regulatory processes, emphasizing the nuanced dynamics of DNA methylation that contribute to plant regeneration. Finally, we briefly discuss somaclonal variation, examining its relation to DNA methylation, and investigating the heritability of epigenomic changes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunga Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Seo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojeong Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- The Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jennifer M Frost
- Genomics and Child Health, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yeonhee Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Cho SW, Lokhandwala J, Park JS, Kang HW, Choi M, Yang HQ, Imaizumi T, Zoltowski BD, Song YH. Disrupting FKF1 homodimerization increases FT transcript levels in the evening by enhancing CO stabilization. Plant Cell Rep 2024; 43:121. [PMID: 38635077 PMCID: PMC11026275 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE FKF1 dimerization is crucial for proper FT levels to fine-tune flowering time. Attenuating FKF1 homodimerization increased CO abundance by enhancing its COP1 binding, thereby accelerating flowering under long days. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the blue-light photoreceptor FKF1 (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1) plays a key role in inducing the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), encoding the main florigenic signal in plants, in the late afternoon under long-day conditions (LDs) by forming dimers with FT regulators. Although structural studies have unveiled a variant of FKF1 (FKF1 I160R) that disrupts homodimer formation in vitro, the mechanism by which disrupted FKF1 homodimer formation regulates flowering time remains elusive. In this study, we determined that the attenuation of FKF1 homodimer formation enhances FT expression in the evening by promoting the increased stability of CONSTANS (CO), a primary activator of FT, in the afternoon, thereby contributing to early flowering. In contrast to wild-type FKF1, introducing the FKF1 I160R variant into the fkf1 mutant led to increased FT expression under LDs. In addition, the FKF1 I160R variant exhibited diminished dimerization with FKF1, while its interaction with GIGANTEA (GI), a modulator of FKF1 function, was enhanced under LDs. Furthermore, the FKF1 I160R variant increased the level of CO in the afternoon under LDs by enhancing its binding to COP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for CO degradation. These findings suggest that the regulation of FKF1 homodimerization and heterodimerization allows plants to finely adjust FT expression levels around dusk by modulating its interactions with GI and COP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Cho
- Department of Biology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jun Sang Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingi Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian D Zoltowski
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Young Hun Song
- Institute of Agricultural Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Shim Y, Shin YJ, Lee JY. Maximization strategies in relationship and career enhances life satisfaction through meaning making among established adults in South Korea. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:214. [PMID: 38632659 PMCID: PMC11025140 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choosing a partner and job have long been regarded as important developmental milestones to reach in adulthood. In a collective cultural context with high familial and societal expectations to commit to a relationship and job by age 30, maximizing on such life decisions might potentially harm one's well-being. The literature on maximization-well-being association is complex, and recent research suggests that this relationship might differ by its dimensions and cultural context. In the present study, we examined how engaging in a maximization strategy in relationship and career domains predicts life satisfaction and whether this pathway is mediated by a meaning-making process (search-to-presence of meaning) among established adults in South Korea. METHODS Survey data on measures of relational maximization strategy, career maximization strategy, search for meaning, presence of meaning, and life satisfaction was collected from 264 South Korean unmarried, working adults in their 30 s to 40 s. A two-step structural equation modeling method was applied to test the hypothesized serial mediation model. RESULTS Tests of the measurement and structural model showed good fit with the data (CFI = .96, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .05). Further bootstrapping results supported significant indirect effects of the serial mediation model in the paths between maximization strategy and life satisfaction via a search-to-presence of meaning in both relational (b = .16, 95% CI [.01, -.16], p < .05) and career (b = .26, 95% CI [.11, -.26], p < .01) domains. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that for established adults in a collectivist culture who may experience familial and social pressure on these life choices, searching for alternative options to make the best relationship and career decisions could potentially lead to higher life satisfaction, when done through an intentional meaning-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Shim
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Shin
- Department of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Lee
- Graduate School of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, 107 Imun Ro, Seoul, 130- 791, South Korea.
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23
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Choi K, Kim H, Nam SY, Heo CY. Enhancement of skin rejuvenation and hair growth through novel near-infrared light emitting diode (nNIR) lighting: in vitro and in vivo study. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:104. [PMID: 38630175 PMCID: PMC11024053 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the impact of a novel near-infrared LED (nNIR) with an extended spectrum on skin enhancement and hair growth. Various LED sources, including White and nNIRs, were compared across multiple parameters: cytotoxicity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, skin thickness, collagen synthesis, collagenase expression, and hair follicle growth. Experiments were conducted on human skin cells and animal models. Cytotoxicity, ATP synthesis, and ROS reduction were evaluated in human skin cells exposed to nNIRs and Whites. LED irradiation effects were also studied on a UV-induced photoaging mouse model, analyzing skin thickness, collagen synthesis, and collagenase expression. Hair growth promotion was examined as well. Results revealed both White and nNIR were non-cytotoxic to human skin cells. nNIR enhanced ATP and collagen synthesis while reducing ROS levels, outperforming the commonly used 2chip LEDs. In the UV-induced photoaging mouse model, nNIR irradiation led to reduced skin thickness, increased collagen synthesis, and lowered collagenase expression. Additionally, nNIR irradiation stimulated hair growth, augmented skin thickness, and increased hair follicle count. In conclusion, the study highlighted positive effects of White and nNIR irradiation on skin and hair growth. However, nNIR exhibited superior outcomes compared to White. Its advancements in ATP content, collagen synthesis, collagenase inhibition, and hair growth promotion imply increased ATP synthesis activity. These findings underscore nNIR therapy's potential as an innovative and effective approach for enhancing skin and promoting hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keonwoo Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongbin Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Nam
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Yeong Heo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- H&BIO Corporation/R&D Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Back S, Kim JM, Choi H, Lee JH, Han K, Hwang D, Kwon JK, Kang BC. Genetic characterization of a locus responsible for low pungency using EMS-induced mutants in Capsicum annuum L. Theor Appl Genet 2024; 137:101. [PMID: 38607449 PMCID: PMC11014816 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The pepper mutants ('221-2-1a' and '1559-1-2h') with very low pungency were genetically characterized. The Pun4 locus, responsible for the reduced pungency of the mutant fruits, was localized to a 208 Mb region on chromosome 6. DEMF06G16460, encoding 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, was proposed as a strong candidate gene based on the genetic analyses of bulked segregants, DEG, and expression analyses. Capsaicinoids are unique alkaloids present in pepper (Capsicum spp.), synthesized through the condensation of by-products from the phenylpropanoid and branched-chain fatty acid pathways, and accumulating in the placenta. In this study, we characterized two allelic ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutant lines with extremely low pungency ('221-2-1a' and '1559-1-2h'). These mutants, derived from the pungent Korean landrace 'Yuwolcho,' exhibited lower capsaicinoid content than Yuwolcho but still contained a small amount of capsaicinoid with functional capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes. Genetic crosses between the mutants and Yuwolcho or pungent lines indicated that a single recessive mutation was responsible for the low-pungency phenotype of mutant 221-2-1a; we named the causal locus Pungency 4 (Pun4). To identify Pun4, we combined genome-wide polymorphism analysis and transcriptome analysis with bulked-segregant analysis. We narrowed down the location of Pun4 to a 208-Mb region on chromosome 6 containing five candidate genes, of which DEMF06G16460, encoding a 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase associated with branched-chain fatty acid biosynthesis, is the most likely candidate for Pun4. The expression of capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes in placental tissues in Yuwolcho and the mutant was consistent with the branched-chain fatty acid pathway playing a pivotal role in the lower pungency observed in the mutant. We also obtained a list of differentially expressed genes in placental tissues between the mutant and Yuwolcho, from which we selected candidate genes using gene co-expression analysis. In summary, we characterized the capsaicinoid biosynthesis-related locus Pun4 through integrated of genetic, genomic, and transcriptome analyses. These findings will contribute to our understanding of capsaicinoid biosynthesis in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungki Back
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Koeun Han
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Hwang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Oh T, Kang JH, Lee Y, Choi SM. Comparison of Audience Behavior between eSports and Authentic Sports Fans. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:313. [PMID: 38667109 PMCID: PMC11047414 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed how the behavioral patterns of esports and authentic sports viewers differ, adopting user and gratification theory and media transportation theory. In particular, it was investigated whether there was a difference in behavioral patterns according to the experience of playing the sport even among authentic sports viewers. As a result of analyzing the relationship between viewers' motivation and media transportation outcomes through structural equation modeling and multigroup structural equation modeling, it was observed that cognitive motivation was more important for esports viewers than for authentic sports viewers. A second analysis of comparisons among fans of authentic sports showed that viewers with sports experience had greater cognitive needs. This result shows that there is a difference between the viewer behaviors of esports and traditional sports, but it is concluded that the presence or absence of sports participation experience rather than content is the factor that separates the difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Oh
- Seoul AI School, aSSIST University, Seoul 03767, Republic of Korea;
| | - Joon-Ho Kang
- Department of Kinesiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghan Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Soyon Michelle Choi
- Stan Richards School of Advertising and Public Relations, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
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Kim JM, Lee JH, Park SR, Kwon JK, Ro NY, Kang BC. Molecular mapping of the broad bean wilt virus 2 resistance locus bwvr in Capsicum annuum using BSR-seq. Theor Appl Genet 2024; 137:97. [PMID: 38589740 PMCID: PMC11001752 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Bulked segregant RNA seq of pools of pepper accessions that are susceptible or resistant to Broad bean wilt virus 2 identifies a gene that might confer resistance to this devastating pathogen. The single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) causes substantial damage to pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivation. Here, we describe mapping the BBWV2 resistance locus bwvr using a F7:8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population constructed by crossing the BBWV2-resistant pepper accession 'SNU-C' with the susceptible pepper accession 'ECW30R.' All F1 plants infected with the BBWV2 strain PAP1 were susceptible to the virus, and the RIL population showed a 1:1 ratio of resistance to susceptibility, indicating that this trait is controlled by a single recessive gene. To map bwvr, we performed bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq). We sequenced pools of resistant and susceptible lines from the RILs and aligned the reads to the high-quality 'Dempsey' reference genome to identify variants between the pools. This analysis identified 519,887 variants and selected the region from 245.9-250.8 Mb of the Dempsey reference genome as the quantitative trait locus region for bwvr. To finely map bwvr, we used newly designed high-resolution melting (HRM) and Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers based on variants obtained from the BSR-seq reads and the PepperSNP16K array. Comparative analysis identified 11 SNU-C-specific SNPs within the bwvr locus. Using markers derived from these variants, we mapped the candidate bwvr locus to the region from 246.833-246.949 kb. SNU-C-specific variants clustered near DEM.v1.00035533 within the bwvr locus. DEM.v1.00035533 encodes the nitrate transporter NPF1.2 and contains a SNP within its 5' untranslated region. The bwvr locus, which contains four genes including DEM.v1.00035533, could represent a valuable resource for global pepper breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Park
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ro
- Rural Development Administration, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Correction to: AZD8186 in Combination With Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer: Results From a Phase Ib/II Study (KCSG ST18-20). Oncologist 2024; 29:e579. [PMID: 37815173 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
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28
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Oh D, Lee J, Yang S, Jung SH, Kim M, Lee G, Park HG. Enantioselective Synthesis of ( R)-Sitagliptin via Phase-Transfer Catalytic aza-Michael Addition. ACS Omega 2024; 9:15328-15338. [PMID: 38585066 PMCID: PMC10993359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The highly enantioselective synthesis of (R)-sitagliptin has been achieved through a series of key steps, including the aza-Michael addition and Baeyer-Villiger oxidation. The enantioselective aza-Michael addition involved the reaction of tert-butyl β-naphthylmethoxycarbamate with (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)but-2-en-1-one, utilizing a quinine-derived C(9)-urea ammonium catalyst under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The aza-Michael addition successfully introduced chirality to the amine in (R)-sitagliptin with 96% ee. The subsequent Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of the aza-Michael adduct led to the formation of 4-methoxyphenyl ester. Hydrolysis and amide coupling were then employed to construct the amide moiety. Further deprotections were performed to complete the synthesis of (R)-sitagliptin (7 steps, 41%, 96% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun Oh
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehun Yang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyun Jung
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumwoo Lee
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-geun Park
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kim DY, Kim S, Song H, Shin S. Phylogeny and biogeography of the wingless orthopteran family Rhaphidophoridae. Commun Biol 2024; 7:401. [PMID: 38565627 PMCID: PMC10987581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cave crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) are insects of an ancient and wingless lineage within Orthoptera that are distributed worldwide except in Antarctica, and each subfamily has a high level of endemicity. Here, we show the comprehensive phylogeny of cave crickets using multi-gene datasets from mitochondrial and nuclear loci, including all extant subfamilies for the first time. We reveal phylogenetic relationships between subfamilies, including the sister relationship between Anoplophilinae and Gammarotettiginae, based on which we suggest new synapomorphies. Through biogeographic analyses based on divergence time estimations and ancestral range reconstruction, we propose novel hypotheses regarding the biogeographic history of cave crickets. We suggest that Gammarotettiginae in California originated from the Asian lineage when Asia and the Americas were connected by the Bering land bridge, and the opening of the western interior seaway affected the division of Ceuthophilinae from Tropidischiinae in North America. We estimate that Rhaphidophoridae originated at 138 Mya throughout Pangea. We further hypothesize that the loss of wings in Rhaphidophoridae could be the result of their adaptation to low temperatures in the Mesozoic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yoon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Hojun Song
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Seunggwan Shin
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Lee JS, Lee JY, Park SH, Wang KC, Kim KH. Intramedullary spinal capillary hemangioma with secondary neurulation defect in children. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:1287-1294. [PMID: 38240785 PMCID: PMC10972978 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal capillary hemangioma is a rare occurrence in pediatric patients, and only limited cases have been reported. This study presents the first two cases of spinal capillary hemangioma co-present with retained medullary cord and one case of spinal capillary hemangioma with lumbosacral lipomatous malformation. Previous literature on ten patients with this pathology was reviewed. We speculated pathogenesis, imaging features, and histopathologic findings of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Seok Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neural Development and Anomaly Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Chang Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Clinic, Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Kim
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Kim H, Park C, Choi N, Cho K. Congo red dye degradation using Fe-containing mineral as a reactive material derived from waste foundry dust. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:28443-28453. [PMID: 38546920 PMCID: PMC11058770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the applicability of industrial waste. The high affinity of Fe-based products is widely used for industrial effluents because of their capability to oxidize contaminants. Waste foundry dust (WFD) is an Fe oxide that has been investigated as a potential reactive material that causes the generation of reactive oxidants. We aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of WFD and the feasibility in the Fenton oxidation process. The WFD was used as a catalyst for removing Congo red (CR), to evaluate the generation of •OH and dissolution of Fe during the oxidation process. The linkage of •OH generation by WFD with eluted Fe(II) through the Fe dissolution was found. The Fenton oxidation reaction, CR degradation was affected by H2O2 concentration, initial pH, WFD dosage, initial CR concentration, and coexisting anions. The CR degradation efficiency increased with an increase in H2O2 concentration and WFD dosage. In addition, chloride and sulfate in solution promoted CR degradation, whereas carbonate had a negative effect on the Fenton oxidation process. The elution of Fe promotes CR degradation, over three reuse cycles, the degradation performance of the CR decreased from 100 to 81.1%. For the Fenton oxidation process, •OH generation is linked to Fe redox cycling, the surface passivation and Fe complexes interrupted the release of reactive oxidants, which resulted in the degradation of the CR decreased. This study proposed that WFD can serve as catalysts for the removal of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University, Gwang-Ju, 61452, Korea
| | - Chulhyun Park
- Department of Energy and Resource Engineering, Chosun University, Gwang-Ju, 61452, Korea
| | - Nagchoul Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kanghee Cho
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Kwak J, Bae HL, Jung Y, Choi J, Hwang H, Kim JH, Kim SJ, Lee KE. Comparative outcomes and prognostic indicators in adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1884-1893. [PMID: 38316662 PMCID: PMC10978604 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-10691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The indications for adrenalectomy and feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis are controversial. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes between open adrenalectomy (OA) and laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) and to evaluate the prognostic factors for oncological outcomes of adrenal metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 141 consecutive patients who underwent adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis at Seoul National University Hospital from April 2005 to February 2021. Surgical and oncological outcomes were compared between OA and LA. RESULTS OA was performed in 95 (67.4%) patients, and 46 (32.6%) patients underwent LA. Among the patients who underwent adrenalectomy without adjacent organ resection for adrenal tumors less than 8 cm, LA was associated with a shorter operation time (100.1 ± 48.8 vs. 158.6 ± 81.2, P = 0.001), less blood loss (94.8 ± 93.8 vs. 566.8 ± 1156.0, P = 0.034), and a shorter hospital stay (3.7 ± 1.3 vs. 6.9 ± 5.8, P = 0.003). For locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), on multivariate analysis, a positive pathological margin (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.777, P = 0.002), disease activity at the primary site (HR: 6.497, P = 0.005), other metastases (HR: 4.154, P = 0.015), and a relatively larger tumor size (HR: 1.198, P = 0.018) were significantly associated with poor LRRFS. Multivariate analysis indicated that metachronous metastasis (HR: 0.51, P = 0.032) was associated with a longer overall survival (OS), whereas a positive pathological margin (HR: 2.40, P = 0.017), metastases to other organs (HR: 2.08, P = 0.025), and a relatively larger tumor size (HR: 1.11, P = 0.046) were associated with a shorter OS. CONCLUSIONS LA is a feasible treatment option for adrenal metastasis in selected patients. The pathological margin, metastases to other organs, and tumor size should be considered in adrenalectomy for adrenal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHak Kwak
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Gibbeum Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Bae
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younghoon Jung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaebong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Medical Big Data Research Center, Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Park SJ, Kim YY, Han JY, Kim SW, Kim H, Ku SY. Advancements in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Clinical Applications and Ethical Issues. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:379-394. [PMID: 38502279 PMCID: PMC10987435 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in regenerative medicine have been revolutionary, offering significant advancements in treating various diseases. These pluripotent cells, derived from early human embryos, are central to modern biomedical research. However, their application is mired in ethical and regulatory complexities related to the use of human embryos. METHOD This review utilized key databases such as ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, PubMed, and Google Scholar to gather recent clinical trials and studies involving hESCs. The focus was on their clinical application in regenerative medicine, emphasizing clinical trials and research directly involving hESCs. RESULTS Preclinical studies and clinical trials in various areas like ophthalmology, neurology, endocrinology, and reproductive medicine have demonstrated the versatility of hESCs in regenerative medicine. These studies underscore the potential of hESCs in treating a wide array of conditions. However, the field faces ethical and regulatory challenges, with significant variations in policies and perspectives across different countries. CONCLUSION The potential of hESCs in regenerative medicine is immense, offering new avenues for treating previously incurable diseases. However, navigating the ethical, legal, and regulatory landscapes is crucial for the continued advancement and responsible application of hESC research in the medical field. Considering both scientific potential and ethical implications, a balanced approach is essential for successfully integrating hESCs into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yang JY, Kang H, Kim YH. Treatment of Clival Giant Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2024; 12:132-140. [PMID: 38742263 PMCID: PMC11096631 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2024.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are locally aggressive primary bone tumors of osteoclast-like cells. Most GCTs occur within the long bones, and primary GCTs involving the clivus are extremely rare. We present the case of an 18-year-old boy with binocular horizontal diplopia with an insidious onset who was found to have a hypointense enhancing mass involving the clivus and left side dorsum sellae on magnetic resonance images. The tumor was completely resected via an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach, and histopathologic examination via immunohistochemistry indicated a GCT. The patient's left abducens nerve palsy improved slightly after surgery. Because of the rarity of GCTs, there is no consensus about the definitive treatment protocol. However, we suggest that gross total resection is the treatment of choice, and denosumab plays a critical role in patients with subtotal resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yeop Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Hwy Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Pituitary Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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35
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Shin JC, Jeong JH, Kwon J, Kim YH, Kim B, Woo SJ, Woo KY, Cho M, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Kim YD, Cho YH, Lee TW, Hone J, Lee CH, Lee GH. Electrically Confined Electroluminescence of Neutral Excitons in WSe 2 Light-Emitting Transistors. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2310498. [PMID: 38169481 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn significant attention for their potential in optoelectronic applications due to their direct band gap and exceptional quantum yield. However, TMD-based light-emitting devices have shown low external quantum efficiencies as imbalanced free carrier injection often leads to the formation of non-radiative charged excitons, limiting practical applications. Here, electrically confined electroluminescence (EL) of neutral excitons in tungsten diselenide (WSe2) light-emitting transistors (LETs) based on the van der Waals heterostructure is demonstrated. The WSe2 channel is locally doped to simultaneously inject electrons and holes to the 1D region by a local graphene gate. At balanced concentrations of injected electrons and holes, the WSe2 LETs exhibit strong EL with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ≈8.2 % at room temperature. These experimental and theoretical results consistently show that the enhanced EQE could be attributed to dominant exciton emission confined at the 1D region while expelling charged excitons from the active area by precise control of external electric fields. This work shows a promising approach to enhancing the EQE of 2D light-emitting transistors and modulating the recombination of exciton complexes for excitonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Chul Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumho Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seung-Je Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kie Young Woo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyun Cho
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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36
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Hwang SE, Yun JM, Cho SH, Min K, Kim JY, Kwon H, Park JH. Higher Physical Activity is Associated with Reduced Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Korean Men. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e35. [PMID: 38606860 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying and managing risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is crucial because it impacts the quality of life of elderly individuals. Lifestyle factors, including physical activity (PA), and their relationship with LUTS have not been well studied. This objective of this study was to investigate the association between PA and LUTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 7,296 men were included in this cross-sectional study. PA was quantified in metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours per week, and LUTS severity was assessed using the international prostate symptom score. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between PA and LUTS, including voiding and storage symptoms. RESULTS The average age of the participants was 57.8 years, and the prevalence of LUTS was 41.3%. After adjusting for potential confounders, PA was inversely associated with the prevalence and severity of moderate-to-severe LUTS, showing a dose-response pattern (all p for trend <0.01). Compared to the minimal activity group, which engaged in <5 MET-hours per week of PA, the odds ratios for moderate to severe LUTS were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.97) for men engaging in 15-30 MET-hours per week, 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71-0.95) for 30-60 MET-hours per week, and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.62-0.84) for ≥60 MET-hours per week. The possible protective effect of PA was still observed in the additional analysis for voiding and storage symptoms showing the same dose-response pattern (all p for trend <0.01). CONCLUSIONS A higher PA level was associated with a lower prevalence and severity of total, voiding, and storage LUTS in a dose-dependent manner in Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Eun Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Hwan Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungha Min
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuktae Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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37
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Kwon H, Kim MY, Yang X, Lee SH. Unveiling synergistic QTLs associated with slow wilting in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Theor Appl Genet 2024; 137:85. [PMID: 38502238 PMCID: PMC10951030 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A stable QTL qSW_Gm10 works with a novel locus, qSW_Gm01, in a synergistic manner for controlling slow-wilting traits at the early vegetative stage under drought stress in soybean. Drought is one of the major environmental factors which limits soybean yield. Slow wilting is a promising trait that can enhance drought resilience in soybean without additional production costs. Recently, a Korean soybean cultivar SS2-2 was reported to exhibit slow wilting at the early vegetative stages. To find genetic loci responsible for slow wilting, in this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was conducted using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from crossing between Taekwangkong (fast-wilting) and SS2-2 (slow-wilting). Wilting score and leaf moisture content were evaluated at the early vegetative stages for three years. Using the ICIM-MET module, a novel QTL on Chr01, qSW_Gm01 was identified, together with a previously known QTL, qSW_Gm10. These two QTLs were found to work synergistically for slow wilting of the RILs under the water-restricted condition. Furthermore, the SNP markers from the SoySNP50K dataset, located within these QTLs, were associated with the wilting phenotype in 30 diverse soybean accessions. Two genes encoding protein kinase 1b and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 were proposed as candidate genes for qSW_Gm01 and qSW_Gm10, respectively, based on a comprehensive examination of sequence variation and gene expression differences in the parental lines under drought conditions. These genes may play a role in slow wilting by optimally regulating stomatal aperture. Our findings provide promising genetic resources for improving drought resilience in soybean and give valuable insights into the genetic mechanisms governing slow wilting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakyung Kwon
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Suk-Ha Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Park J, Lee E, Cho G, Hwang H, Kim BG, Kim G, Joo YY, Cha J. Gene-environment pathways to cognitive intelligence and psychotic-like experiences in children. eLife 2024; 12:RP88117. [PMID: 38441539 PMCID: PMC10942586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In children, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are related to risk of psychosis, schizophrenia, and other mental disorders. Maladaptive cognitive functioning, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, is hypothesized to mediate the relationship between these factors and childhood PLEs. Using large-scale longitudinal data, we tested the relationships of genetic and environmental factors (such as familial and neighborhood environment) with cognitive intelligence and their relationships with current and future PLEs in children. We leveraged large-scale multimodal data of 6,602 children from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study. Linear mixed model and a novel structural equation modeling (SEM) method that allows estimation of both components and factors were used to estimate the joint effects of cognitive phenotypes polygenic scores (PGSs), familial and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), and supportive environment on NIH Toolbox cognitive intelligence and PLEs. We adjusted for ethnicity (genetically defined), schizophrenia PGS, and additionally unobserved confounders (using computational confound modeling). Our findings indicate that lower cognitive intelligence and higher PLEs are significantly associated with lower PGSs for cognitive phenotypes, lower familial SES, lower neighborhood SES, and less supportive environments. Specifically, cognitive intelligence mediates the effects of these factors on PLEs, with supportive parenting and positive school environments showing the strongest impact on reducing PLEs. This study underscores the influence of genetic and environmental factors on PLEs through their effects on cognitive intelligence. Our findings have policy implications in that improving school and family environments and promoting local economic development may enhance cognitive and mental health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, College of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gyeongcheol Cho
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | - Heungsun Hwang
- Department of Psychology, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Bo-Gyeom Kim
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gakyung Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Samsung Medical CenterSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiook Cha
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, College of Engineering, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Bae NY, Rhee TM, Park CS, Choi YJ, Lee HJ, Choi HM, Park JB, Yoon YE, Kim YJ, Cho GY, Hwang IC, Kim HK. Mildly Reduced Renal Function Is Associated With Increased Heart Failure Admissions in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e80. [PMID: 38442721 PMCID: PMC10911940 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes has yet to be determined in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We aimed to investigate whether mildly reduced renal function is associated with the prognosis in patients with HCM. METHODS Patients with HCM were enrolled at two tertiary HCM centers. Patients who were on dialysis, or had a previous history of heart failure (HF) or stroke were excluded. Patients were categorized into 3 groups by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): stage I (eGFR ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73 m², n = 538), stage II (eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m², n = 953), and stage III-V (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m², n = 265). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for HF (HHF), or stroke during median 4.0-year follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to adjust for covariates. RESULTS Among 1,756 HCM patients (mean 61.0 ± 13.4 years; 68.1% men), patients with stage III-V renal function had a significantly higher risk of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-5.27; P = 0.003), which was largely driven by increased incidence of cardiovascular death and HHF compared to those with stage I renal function. Even in patients with stage II renal function, the risk of MACE (vs. stage I: aHR, 2.21' 95% CI, 1.23-3.96; P = 0.008) and HHF (vs. stage I: aHR, 2.62; 95% CI, 1.23-5.58; P = 0.012) was significantly increased. CONCLUSION This real-world observation showed that even mildly reduced renal function (i.e., eGFR 60-89 mL/min/1.73 m²) in patients with HCM was associated with an increased risk of MACEs, especially for HHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Young Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Min Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Soon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - You-Jung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Mi Choi
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jun-Bean Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonyee E Yoon
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goo-Yeong Cho
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In-Chang Hwang
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Kwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee JK, Kong Y, Choi JB, Kim W, Yu HW, Kim SJ, Chai YJ, Choi JY, Lee KE. TSH receptor antibody as a predictor of difficult robotic thyroidectomy in patients with Graves' disease. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:108. [PMID: 38436742 PMCID: PMC10912279 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Thyroidectomy in Graves' disease can be challenging due to greater thyroid size and vascularity. While thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) level is associated with disease severity and thyroid vascularity, its impact on operative outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to compare challenging factors for robotic thyroidectomy (RT) and open thyroidectomy (OT) in Graves' disease patients, including TRAb as a predictive factor for difficult thyroidectomy. This retrospective study included Graves' disease patients who underwent total thyroidectomy between September 2013 and January 2023. The clinical characteristics and operative outcomes were compared between patients who received OT and bilateral axillo-breast approach RT. Factors affecting operation time and estimated blood loss (EBL) were evaluated in both groups using regression analyses. A total of 85 patients received either OT (n = 48) or RT (n = 37). Median thyroid volumes in the OT and RT groups were 72.4 g and 57.6 g, respectively. Operation time was affected by thyroid volume in both groups. Additionally, higher thyroid hormone levels and bilateral central neck node dissection prolonged operation time in the RT group. EBL was marginally associated with thyroid volume in the OT group. However, in the RT group, TRAb level was independently associated with greater EBL (p = 0.04), while no significant association was found with thyroid volume. Predictive factors for difficult thyroidectomy differed by operation approaches. TRAb significantly predicted intraoperative bleeding in RT, while this association was absent in OT. Caution is warranted when performing RT on Graves' disease patients with high TRAb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jae Bong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Woochul Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Yu
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Chai
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June Young Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ra YE, Bang YJ. Balancing Act of the Intestinal Antimicrobial Proteins on Gut Microbiota and Health. J Microbiol 2024; 62:167-179. [PMID: 38630349 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
The human gut houses a diverse and dynamic microbiome critical for digestion, metabolism, and immune development, exerting profound effects on human health. However, these microorganisms pose a potential threat by breaching the gut barrier, entering host tissues, and triggering infections, uncontrolled inflammation, and even sepsis. The intestinal epithelial cells form the primary defense, acting as a frontline barrier against microbial invasion. Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs), produced by these cells, serve as innate immune effectors that regulate the gut microbiome by directly killing or inhibiting microbes. Abnormal AMP production, whether insufficient or excessive, can disturb the microbiome equilibrium, contributing to various intestinal diseases. This review delves into the complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota and sheds light on the role of AMPs in governing host-microbiota interactions. We discuss the function and mechanisms of action of AMPs, their regulation by the gut microbiota, microbial evasion strategies, and the consequences of AMP dysregulation in disease. Understanding these complex interactions between AMPs and the gut microbiota is crucial for developing strategies to enhance immune responses and combat infections within the gut microbiota. Ongoing research continues to uncover novel aspects of this intricate relationship, deepening our understanding of the factors shaping gut health. This knowledge has the potential to revolutionize therapeutic interventions, offering enhanced treatments for a wide range of gut-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Ra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Bang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JH, Kim N, Song DH, Choi Y, Jeon EB, Kim S, Jun YK, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH, Oh HJ, Lee HS, Park YS, Ahn SH, Suh YS, Park DJ, Kim HH, Kim JW, Kim JW, Lee KW, Chang W, Park JH, Lee YJ, Lee KH, Kim YH, Ahn S. Sex-dependent different clinicopathological characterization of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma: a large-scale study. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:221-234. [PMID: 38212543 PMCID: PMC10896815 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01460-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) has been reported to account for approximately 5-16% of all GCs with good prognosis compared to EBV-negative GC. We evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of EBVaGC including survival rate in South Korea. METHODS A total of 4,587 patients with GC who underwent EBV in situ hybridization (EBV-ISH) were prospectively enrolled at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from 2003 to 2021. Age, sex, smoking status, cancer type and stage, tumor size and location, histological type, molecular features and survival information were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 456 patients with GC (9.9%) were positive for EBV. The EBVaGC group displayed a higher proportion of males (P < 0.001), a predominant presence in the proximal stomach (P < 0.001), a higher proportion of undifferentiated cancer (P < 0.001), and a lower cancer stage (P = 0.004) than the EBV-negative group. Cox multivariate analyses revealed age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.025, P < 0.001), tumor size (HR = 1.109, P < 0.001), and cancer stage (stage2 HR = 4.761, P < 0.001; stage3 HR = 13.286, P < 0.001; stage4 HR = 42.528, P < 0.001) as significant risk factors for GC-specific mortality, whereas EBV positivity was inversely correlated (HR = 0.620, P = 0.022). Furthermore, the EBVaGC group displayed statistically significant survival advantages over the EBV-negative cancer group in terms of both overall (P = 0.021) and GC-specific survival (P = 0.007) on the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. However, this effect was evident only in males. CONCLUSIONS EBVaGC patients showed better prognoses despite their association with proximal location and poorly differentiated histology in male, probably due to the difference in immunity between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Du Hyun Song
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Yonghoon Choi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Jeon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Sihyun Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Jun
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Oh
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Ahn
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Do Joong Park
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Ho Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-Ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-Do, 13620, South Korea
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Chang
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Park
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Lee
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ho Lee
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
- Departments of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Kim H, Choi Y, Lee Y, Won JK, Lee SH, Suh M, Lee DS, Kang HS, Cho WS, Cheon GJ. Neovascularization in Outer Membrane of Chronic Subdural Hematoma : A Rationale for Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2024; 67:146-157. [PMID: 38213004 PMCID: PMC10924904 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2023.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs) are generally known to result from traumatic tears of bridging veins. However, the causes of repeat spontaneous cSDHs are still unclear. We investigated the changes in vasculature in the human dura mater and outer membrane (OM) of cSDHs to elucidate the cause of their spontaneous repetition. METHODS The dura mater was obtained from a normal control participant and a patient with repeat spontaneous cSDHs. The pathological samples from the patient included the dura mater and OM tightly adhered to the inner dura. The samples were analyzed with a particular focus on blood and lymphatic vessels by immunohistochemistry, 3-dimensional imaging using a transparent tissue clearing technique, and electron microscopy. RESULTS The dural border cell (DBC) layer of the dura mater and OM were histologically indistinguishable. There were 5.9 times more blood vessels per unit volume of tissue in the DBC layer and OM in the patient than in the normal control. The DBC layer and OM contained pathological sinusoidal capillaries not observed in the normal tissue; these capillaries were connected to the middle meningeal arteries via penetrating arteries. In addition, marked lymphangiogenesis in the periosteal and meningeal layers was observed in the patient with cSDHs. CONCLUSION Neovascularization in the OM seemed to originate from the DBC layer; this is a potential cause of repeat spontaneous cSDHs. Embolization of the meningeal arteries to interrupt the blood supply to pathological capillaries via penetrating arteries may be an effective treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoori Choi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minseok Suh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Sang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Radiation Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeong H, Lee T, Kim J, Jeong HS, Jun SB, Seo JM. Fabrication and validation of flexible neural electrodes based on polyimide tape and gold sheet. Biomed Eng Lett 2024; 14:267-278. [PMID: 38374899 PMCID: PMC10874365 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-023-00345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to apply polyimide tape, which has the advantages of low price ans strong adhesive strength, to the neural electrode process. In addition, to maximize the low-cost characteristics, a fabrication process based on UV laser patterning rather than a photolithography process was introduced. The fabrication process started by attaching the gold sheet on the conductive double-sided tape without being torn or crushed. Then, the gold sheet and the double-sided tape were patterned together using UV laser. The patterned layer was transferred to the single-side polyimide tape. For insulation layer, electrode site opened single-sided polyimide tape was prepared. Polydimethylsiloxane was used as an adhesion layer, and alignment between electrode sites and opening sites was processed manually. The minimum line width achieved through the proposed fabrication process was approximately 100 μ m, and the sheet resistance of the conductive layer was 0.635 Ω /sq. Measured cathodal charge storage capacity was 0.72 mC/cm2 and impedance at 1 kHz was 4.07 kΩ /cm2. Validation of fabricated electrode was confirmed by conducting 30 days accelerated soak test, flexibility test, adhesion test and ex vivo stimulation test. The novel flexible neural electrodes based on single-sided polyimide tape and UV laser patterned gold sheet was fabricated successfully. Conventional neural electrode fabrication processes based on polyimide substrate has a disadvantages such as long fabrication time, expensive costs, and probability of delamination between layers. However, the novel fabrication process which we introduced can overcome many shortcomings of existing processes, and offers great advantages such as simplicity of fabrication, inexpensiveness, flexibility and long-term reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunbeen Jeong
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research at Seoul National University, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Lee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research at Seoul National University, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisung Kim
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research at Seoul National University, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soo Jeong
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Beom Jun
- Graduate Program in Smart Factory, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Mo Seo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research at Seoul National University, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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Han B, Lim S, Yim J, Song YK, Koh J, Kim S, Lee C, Kim YA, Jeon YK. Clinicopathological implications of immunohistochemical expression of TBX21, CXCR3, GATA3, CCR4, and TCF1 in nodal follicular helper T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. J Pathol Transl Med 2024; 58:59-71. [PMID: 38247153 PMCID: PMC10948251 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2024.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classification of nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) has evolved according to histology, cell-of-origin, and genetic alterations. However, the comprehensive expression pattern of follicular helper T-cell (Tfh) markers, T-cell factor-1 (TCF1), and Th1- and Th2-like molecules in nodal PTCL is unclear. METHODS Eighty-two cases of nodal PTCL were classified into 53 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITLs)/nodal T-follicular helper cell lymphoma (nTFHL)-AI, 18 PTCLs-Tfh/nTFHL-not otherwise specified (NOS), and 11 PTCLs-NOS according to the revised 4th/5th World Health Organization classifications. Immunohistochemistry for TCF1, TBX21, CXCR3, GATA3, and CCR4 was performed. RESULTS TCF1 was highly expressed in up to 68% of patients with nTFHL but also in 44% of patients with PTCL-NOS (p > .05). CXCR3 expression was higher in AITLs than in non-AITLs (p = .035), whereas GATA3 expression was higher in non-AITL than in AITL (p = .007) and in PTCL-Tfh compared to AITL (p = .010). Of the cases, 70% of AITL, 44% of PTCLTfh/ nTFHL-NOS, and 36% of PTCL-NOS were subclassified as the TBX21 subtype; and 15% of AITL, 38% of PTCL-Tfh/nTFHL-NOS, and 36% of PTCL-NOS were subclassified as the GATA3 subtype. The others were an unclassified subtype. CCR4 expression was associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with PTCL-Tfh (p < .001) and nTFHL (p = .023). The GATA3 subtype showed poor overall survival in PTCL-NOS compared to TBX21 (p = .046) and tended to be associated with poor PFS in patients with non-AITL (p = .054). CONCLUSIONS The TBX21 subtype was more prevalent than the GATA3 subtype in AITL. The GATA3 subtype was associated with poor prognosis in patients with non-AITL and PTCL-NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogyeong Han
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sojung Lim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jeemin Yim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young Keun Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Sehui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul,
Korea
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46
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Yoo J, Joo I, Jeon SK, Park J, Yoon SH. Utilizing fully-automated 3D organ segmentation for hepatic steatosis assessment with CT attenuation-based parameters. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10660-4. [PMID: 38393403 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical utility of fully-automated 3D organ segmentation in assessing hepatic steatosis on pre-contrast and post-contrast CT images using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) as reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 362 adult potential living liver donors with abdominal CT scans and MRS-PDFF. Using a deep learning-based tool, mean volumetric CT attenuation of the liver and spleen were measured on pre-contrast (liver(L)_pre and spleen(S)_pre) and post-contrast (L_post and S_post) images. Agreements between volumetric and manual region-of-interest (ROI)-based measurements were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. Diagnostic performances of volumetric parameters (L_pre, liver-minus-spleen (L-S)_pre, L_post, and L-S_post) were evaluated for detecting MRS-PDFF ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with those of ROI-based parameters. RESULTS Among the 362 subjects, 105 and 35 had hepatic steatosis with MRS-PDFF ≥ 5% and ≥ 10%, respectively. Volumetric and ROI-based measurements revealed ICCs of 0.974, 0.825, 0.992, and 0.962, with mean differences of -4.2 HU, -3.4 HU, -1.2 HU, and -7.7 HU for L_pre, S_pre, L_post, and S_post, respectively. Volumetric L_pre, L-S_pre, L_post, and L-S_post yielded areas under the ROC curve of 0.813, 0.813, 0.734, and 0.817 for MRS-PDFF ≥ 5%; and 0.901, 0.915, 0.818, and 0.868 for MRS-PDFF ≥ 10%, comparable with those of ROI-based parameters (0.735-0.818; and 0.816-0.895, Ps = 0.228-0.911). CONCLUSION Automated 3D segmentation of the liver and spleen in CT scans can provide volumetric CT attenuation-based parameters to detect and grade hepatic steatosis, applicable to pre-contrast and post-contrast images. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Volumetric CT attenuation-based parameters of the liver and spleen, obtained through automated segmentation tools from pre-contrast or post-contrast CT scans, can efficiently detect and grade hepatic steatosis, making them applicable for large population data collection. KEY POINTS • Automated organ segmentation enables the extraction of CT attenuation-based parameters for the target organ. • Volumetric liver and spleen CT attenuation-based parameters are highly accurate in hepatic steatosis assessment. • Automated CT measurements from pre- or post-contrast imaging show promise for hepatic steatosis screening in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Sun Kyung Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Junghoan Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- MEDICALIP. Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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Jeon SK, Joo I, Park J, Kim JM, Park SJ, Yoon SH. Fully-automated multi-organ segmentation tool applicable to both non-contrast and post-contrast abdominal CT: deep learning algorithm developed using dual-energy CT images. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4378. [PMID: 38388824 PMCID: PMC10883917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel 3D nnU-Net-based of algorithm was developed for fully-automated multi-organ segmentation in abdominal CT, applicable to both non-contrast and post-contrast images. The algorithm was trained using dual-energy CT (DECT)-obtained portal venous phase (PVP) and spatiotemporally-matched virtual non-contrast images, and tested using a single-energy (SE) CT dataset comprising PVP and true non-contrast (TNC) images. The algorithm showed robust accuracy in segmenting the liver, spleen, right kidney (RK), and left kidney (LK), with mean dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) exceeding 0.94 for each organ, regardless of contrast enhancement. However, pancreas segmentation demonstrated slightly lower performance with mean DSCs of around 0.8. In organ volume estimation, the algorithm demonstrated excellent agreement with ground-truth measurements for the liver, spleen, RK, and LK (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] > 0.95); while the pancreas showed good agreements (ICC = 0.792 in SE-PVP, 0.840 in TNC). Accurate volume estimation within a 10% deviation from ground-truth was achieved in over 90% of cases involving the liver, spleen, RK, and LK. These findings indicate the efficacy of our 3D nnU-Net-based algorithm, developed using DECT images, which provides precise segmentation of the liver, spleen, and RK and LK in both non-contrast and post-contrast CT images, enabling reliable organ volumetry, albeit with relatively reduced performance for the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyung Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Junghoan Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Soon Ho Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- MEDICALIP. Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
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48
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Son S, Song WJ. Programming interchangeable and reversible heterooligomeric protein self-assembly using a bifunctional ligand. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2975-2983. [PMID: 38404387 PMCID: PMC10882485 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein design for self-assembly allows us to explore the emergence of protein-protein interfaces through various chemical interactions. Heterooligomers, unlike homooligomers, inherently offer a comprehensive range of structural and functional variations. Besides, the macromolecular repertoire and their applications would significantly expand if protein components could be easily interchangeable. This study demonstrates that a rationally designed bifunctional linker containing an enzyme inhibitor and maleimide can guide the formation of diverse protein heterooligomers in an easily applicable and exchangeable manner without extensive sequence optimizations. As proof of concept, we selected four structurally and functionally unrelated proteins, carbonic anhydrase, aldolase, acetyltransferase, and encapsulin, as building block proteins. The combinations of two proteins with the bifunctional linker yielded four two-component heterooligomers with discrete sizes, shapes, and enzyme activities. Besides, the overall size and formation kinetics of the heterooligomers alter upon adding metal chelators, acidic buffer components, and reducing agents, showing the reversibility and tunability in the protein self-assembly. Given that the functional groups of both the linker and protein components are readily interchangeable, our work broadens the scope of protein-assembled architectures and their potential applications as functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeun Son
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Ju Song
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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Lee S. Polypyrrole-wool composite with electrical heating properties fabricated via layer-by-layer method. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3883. [PMID: 38366069 PMCID: PMC10873413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the development of conductive polymer-textile composites with outstanding electric heating properties achieved through the in-situ polymerization of polypyrrole on wool-felt fabrics, renowned for their superior thermal insulation. Employing successive layer-by-layer (LBL) cycles facilitated precise control over the uniform deposition of polypyrrole with the fabrics. The investigation focused on the interaction between wool fiber and polypyrrole, evaluating appearance, add-on, and electrical heating performance with varying LBL cycles. The polymerization process resulted in the formation of spherical polypyrrole particles on the wool-felt, with deposition increasing alongside LBL cycle numbers. Mechanical properties, including tensile strength and bending rigidity, exhibited enhancement with polypyrrole deposition, while strain reduction was noted, with minimal influence from LBL cycles. Electrical properties, particularly surface resistance, displayed a rapid decrease up to the second LBL cycle. Concerning electrical heating performance, the application of a 12 V voltage resulted in a linear increase in surface temperature with increasing LBL cycles, peaking at 15.5 ℃. Notably, this sustained electrical heating effect persisted even after voltage removal, attributed to the low thermal conductivity of wool fiber. Moreover, the polypyrrole conductive layer maintained exceptional conductivity following repeated abrasion and washing, credited to improved uniformity through LBL cycles. The synergy of wool's insulating properties and polypyrrole's conductivity, as confirmed in this study, presents the potential for a highly efficient heating fabric. These developed materials exhibited improved heating performance, energy conservation, and minimal change in mechanical properties, making them suitable for applications such as electrical heating smart clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Lee
- Department of Fashion and Textiles, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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50
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Malhotra A, Ryckman TS, Johnson K, Uhlig E, Creswell J, Kendall EA, Dowdy DW, Sohn H. Active case-finding of tuberculosis compared with symptom-driven standard of care: a modelling analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae019. [PMID: 38374719 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In settings with large case detection gaps, active case-finding (ACF) may play a critical role in the uberculosis (TB) response. However, ACF is resource intensive, and its effectiveness depends on whether people detected with TB through ACF might otherwise spontaneously resolve or be diagnosed through routine care. We analysed the potential effectiveness of ACF for TB relative to the counterfactual scenario of routine care alone. METHODS We constructed a Markov simulation model of TB natural history, diagnosis, symptoms, ACF and treatment, using a hypothetical reference setting using data from South East Asian countries. We calibrated the model to empirical data using Bayesian methods, and simulated potential 5-year outcomes with an 'aspirational' ACF intervention (reflecting maximum possible effectiveness) compared with the standard-of-care outcomes. RESULTS Under the standard of care, 51% (95% credible interval, CrI: 31%, 75%) of people with prevalent TB at baseline were estimated to be diagnosed and linked to care over 5 years. With aspirational ACF, this increased to 88% (95% CrI: 84%, 94%). Most of this difference represented people who were diagnosed and treated through ACF but experienced spontaneous resolution under standard-of-care. Aspirational ACF was projected to reduce the average duration of TB disease by 12 months (95% CrI: 6%, 18%) and TB-associated disability-adjusted life-years by 71% (95% CrI: 67%, 76%). CONCLUSION These data illustrate the importance of considering outcomes in a counterfactual standard of care scenario, as well as trade-offs between overdiagnosis and averted morbidity through earlier diagnosis-not just for TB, but for any disease in which population-based screening is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Malhotra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa S Ryckman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karl Johnson
- Department of Public Health Leadership and Practice, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jacob Creswell
- Stop TB Partnership, Innovations and Grants, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emily A Kendall
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David W Dowdy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hojoon Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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