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Pulscher LA, Webby RJ, Gray GC. An algorithm for the characterization of influenza A viruses from various host species and environments. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13258. [PMID: 38385997 PMCID: PMC10883340 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the extensive host range of influenza A viruses, it is difficult to determine the best diagnostic algorithm to efficiently screen samples from a variety of host species for influenza A viruses. While there are some influenza diagnostic algorithms that are specific to host species, to our knowledge, no single algorithm exists for the characterization of influenza A viruses across multiple host species. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can serve as a guide for screening human, animal, and environmental samples for influenza A viruses of high human and animal health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Pulscher
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gregory C Gray
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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2
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Petersen PE, Dahl MM, Vest NMO, Jansen MD, Fosse JH, Falk K, Christiansen DH. Validation of a TaqMan one-step real-time RT-PCR assay targeting ISAV segment 7 spliced mRNA. J Virol Methods 2023; 321:114791. [PMID: 37562733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) can cause severe systemic infection in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and a timely diagnosis is critical. Conventional real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays target unspliced RNA from either ISAV segment 7 or 8 and provide data on viral load. Here, we evaluate a TaqMan one-step RT-qPCR assay that detects explicitly a spliced messenger RNA (mRNA) of ISAV segment 7, thus providing evidence of active viral transcription. Assay performance was comparable with existing unspliced segment 7 and segment 8 assays. PCR efficiency as evaluated from dilutions of a synthetic DNA fragment was 98 % (R2 = 1.00). The assay also performed well on clinical heart samples with PCR efficiency of 108 % (R2 = 1.00). Finally, evaluation on kidney samples from experimental infection revealed higher levels of active transcription for high-virulent compared to low-virulent ISAV. At early, peak, and late infection, mean ratios of spliced to unspliced segment 7 RNA were 3.0 % (± 0.7), 1.7 % (± 0.3), and 1.5 % (± 0.1) for the low virulent and 9.4 % (± 2.2), 4.7 % (± 0.8), and 6.2 % (± 0.1) for the high virulent isolate, respectively. By detection and quantification of active ISAV transcription, this assay may provide a more detailed understanding of ISAV infection dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Elisabeth Petersen
- Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, V.U. Hammershaimbsg. 11, FO-100 Tórshavn, the Faroe Islands.
| | - Maria Marjunardóttir Dahl
- Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, V.U. Hammershaimbsg. 11, FO-100 Tórshavn, the Faroe Islands
| | - Nicolina Maria Ovadóttir Vest
- Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, V.U. Hammershaimbsg. 11, FO-100 Tórshavn, the Faroe Islands
| | - Mona Dverdal Jansen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, Pb 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Johanna Hol Fosse
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, Pb 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Falk
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens vei 1, Pb 64, N-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Debes Hammershaimb Christiansen
- Faroese Food and Veterinary Authority, National Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases, V.U. Hammershaimbsg. 11, FO-100 Tórshavn, the Faroe Islands
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Dudas G, Batson J. Accumulated metagenomic studies reveal recent migration, whole genome evolution, and undiscovered diversity of orthomyxoviruses. J Virol 2023; 97:e0105623. [PMID: 37830816 PMCID: PMC10653993 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01056-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The number of known virus species has increased dramatically through metagenomic studies, which search genetic material sampled from a host for non-host genes. Here, we focus on an important viral family that includes influenza viruses, the Orthomyxoviridae, with over 100 recently discovered viruses infecting hosts from humans to fish. We find that one virus called Wǔhàn mosquito virus 6, discovered in mosquitoes in China, has spread across the globe very recently. Surface proteins used to enter cells show signs of rapid evolution in Wǔhàn mosquito virus 6 and its relatives which suggests an ability to infect vertebrate animals. We compute the rate at which new orthomyxovirus species discovered add evolutionary history to the tree of life, predict that many viruses remain to be discovered, and discuss what appropriately designed future studies can teach us about how diseases cross between continents and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gytis Dudas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Joshua Batson
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
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4
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Kuhn JH, Abe J, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ayllón MA, Bahl J, Balkema-Buschmann A, Ballinger MJ, Kumar Baranwal V, Beer M, Bejerman N, Bergeron É, Biedenkopf N, Blair CD, Blasdell KR, Blouin AG, Bradfute SB, Briese T, Brown PA, Buchholz UJ, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Burt F, Büttner C, Calisher CH, Cao M, Casas I, Chandran K, Charrel RN, Kumar Chaturvedi K, Chooi KM, Crane A, Dal Bó E, Carlos de la Torre J, de Souza WM, de Swart RL, Debat H, Dheilly NM, Di Paola N, Di Serio F, Dietzgen RG, Digiaro M, Drexler JF, Duprex WP, Dürrwald R, Easton AJ, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Feng G, Firth AE, Fooks AR, Formenty PBH, Freitas-Astúa J, Gago-Zachert S, Laura García M, García-Sastre A, Garrison AR, Gaskin TR, Gong W, Gonzalez JPJ, de Bellocq J, Griffiths A, Groschup MH, Günther I, Günther S, Hammond J, Hasegawa Y, Hayashi K, Hepojoki J, Higgins CM, Hongō S, Horie M, Hughes HR, Hume AJ, Hyndman TH, Ikeda K, Jiāng D, Jonson GB, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kondō H, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kubota K, Kurath G, Laenen L, Lambert AJ, Lǐ J, Li JM, Liu R, Lukashevich IS, MacDiarmid RM, Maes P, Marklewitz M, Marshall SH, Marzano SYL, McCauley JW, Mirazimi A, Mühlberger E, Nabeshima T, Naidu R, Natsuaki T, Navarro B, Navarro JA, Neriya Y, Netesov SV, Neumann G, Nowotny N, Nunes MRT, Ochoa-Corona FM, Okada T, Palacios G, Pallás V, Papa A, Paraskevopoulou S, Parrish CR, Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Pawęska JT, Pérez DR, Pfaff F, Plemper RK, Postler TS, Rabbidge LO, Radoshitzky SR, Ramos-González PL, Rehanek M, Resende RO, Reyes CA, Rodrigues TCS, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Rubino L, Runstadler JA, Sabanadzovic S, Sadiq S, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schwemmle M, Sharpe SR, Shi M, Shimomoto Y, Kavi Sidharthan V, Sironi M, Smither S, Song JW, Spann KM, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Takada A, Takeyama S, Tatara A, Tesh RB, Thornburg NJ, Tian X, Tischler ND, Tomitaka Y, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Tu C, Turina M, Tzanetakis IE, Maria Vaira A, van den Hoogen B, Vanmechelen B, Vasilakis N, Verbeek M, von Bargen S, Wada J, Wahl V, Walker PJ, Waltzek TB, Whitfield AE, Wolf YI, Xia H, Xylogianni E, Yanagisawa H, Yano K, Ye G, Yuan Z, Zerbini FM, Zhang G, Zhang S, Zhang YZ, Zhao L, Økland AL. Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota). J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001864. [PMID: 37622664 PMCID: PMC10721048 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Junya Abe
- Ornamental Plants and Vegetables Research Center, Agricultural Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Takikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sergey V. Alkhovsky
- D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatjana Avšič-Županc
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - María A. Ayllón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Insitute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne Balkema-Buschmann
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew J. Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS,, Mississippi State, USA
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Éric Bergeron
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carol D. Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnaud G. Blouin
- Virology-Phytoplasmology Laboratory, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Paul A. Brown
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety ANSES, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Ploufragan, France
| | - Ursula J. Buchholz
- RNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carmen Büttner
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mengji Cao
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rémi N. Charrel
- Unite des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207), Marseille, France
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kar Mun Chooi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anya Crane
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena Dal Bó
- CIDEFI. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William M. de Souza
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (IPAVE-CIAP-INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA, ANSES Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nicholas Di Paola
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Digiaro
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - J. Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Toufic Elbeaino
- CIHEAM, Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Koray Ergünay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit (WRBU), Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, Suitland, MD, USA
- One Health Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution–National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Selma Gago-Zachert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - María Laura García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, CONICET UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Aura R. Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Thomas R. Gaskin
- Brandenburg State Office of Rural Development, Agriculture and Land Consolidation (LELF), Frankfurt, Germany
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenjie Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jean-Paul J. Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ines Günther
- Division Phytomedicine, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USNA, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Yusuke Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Kazusa Hayashi
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colleen M. Higgins
- The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Seiji Hongō
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University; International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Holly R. Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adam J. Hume
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Kenichi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Gilda B. Jonson
- International Rice Research Institute, College, Los Baños, 4032, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hideki Kondō
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eugene V. Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Kenji Kubota
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amy J. Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jiànróng Lǐ
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Min Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Ran Liu
- Illumina (China), Beijing, PR China
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Robin M. MacDiarmid
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sergio H. Marshall
- Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular-Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoCampus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Shin-Yi L. Marzano
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine; National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - José A. Navarro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yutaro Neriya
- School of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | | | - Gabriele Neumann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Influenza Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Francisco M. Ochoa-Corona
- Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Okada
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicente Pallás
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Papa
- National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses, Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Colin R. Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Janusz T. Pawęska
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel R. Pérez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Richard K. Plemper
- Center for Translational Antiviral Research, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas S. Postler
- Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lee O. Rabbidge
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited; The School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Marius Rehanek
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renato O. Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thaís C. S. Rodrigues
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Luisa Rubino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Sabrina Sadiq
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephen R. Sharpe
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mang Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | | | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS “E. Medea”, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Sophie Smither
- CBR Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirsten M. Spann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sawana Takeyama
- Institute for Plant Protection, NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akio Tatara
- Faculty of Agricultural Production and Management, Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xin Tian
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Nicole D. Tischler
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasuhiro Tomitaka
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keizō Tomonaga
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, BP 4416, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Changchun Tu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, PR China
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ioannis E. Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | | | - Bert Vanmechelen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX,, USA
| | - Martin Verbeek
- Wageningen University and Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Susanne von Bargen
- Division Phytomedicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas B. Waltzek
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anna E. Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuri I. Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Evanthia Xylogianni
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, Votanikos, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kazutaka Yano
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Gongyin Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilin Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Military Command Area, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, PR China
- Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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5
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Günther A, Pohlmann A, Globig A, Ziegler U, Calvelage S, Keller M, Fischer D, Staubach C, Groschup M, Harder T, Beer M. Continuous surveillance of potentially zoonotic avian pathogens detects contemporaneous occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV H5) and flaviviruses (USUV, WNV) in several wild and captive birds. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023:2231561. [PMID: 37381816 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2231561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Three avian viral pathogens circulate in Germany with particular importance for animal disease surveillance due to their zoonotic potential, their impact on wild bird populations and/or poultry farms: Highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV) of subtype H5 (HPAIV H5), Usutu Virus (USUV), and West Nile Virus (WNV). Whereas HPAIV H5 has been mainly related to epizootic outbreaks in winter, the arthropod-borne viruses USUV and WNV have been detected more frequently during summer months corresponding to peak mosquito activity. Since 2021, tendencies of a potentially year-round, i.e. enzootic, status of HPAIV in Germany have raised concerns that Orthomyxoviruses (AIV) and Flaviviruses (USUV, WNV) may not only circulate in the same region, but also at the same time and in the same avian host range. In search of a host species group suitable for a combined surveillance approach for all mentioned pathogens, we retrospectively screened and summarized case reports, mainly provided by the respective German National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) from 2006-2021. Our dataset revealed an overlap of reported infections among nine avian genera. We identified raptors as a particularly affected host group, as the genera Accipiter, Bubo, Buteo, Falco and Strix represented five of the nine genera, and highlighted their role in passive surveillance. This study may provide a basis for broader, pan-European studies that could deepen our understanding of reservoir and vector species, as HPAIV, USUV and WNV are expected to further become established and/or spread in Europe in the future and thus improved surveillance measures are of high importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Günther
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anja Globig
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ute Ziegler
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sten Calvelage
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Markus Keller
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dominik Fischer
- Der Gruene Zoo Wuppertal, Hubertusallee 30, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christoph Staubach
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Timm Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Fosse JH, Andresen AMS, Ploss FB, Weli SC, Heffernan IA, Sapkota S, Lundgård K, Kuiper RV, Solhaug A, Falk K. The infectious salmon anemia virus esterase prunes erythrocyte surfaces in infected Atlantic salmon and exposes terminal sialic acids to lectin recognition. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158077. [PMID: 37180109 PMCID: PMC10167051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many sialic acid-binding viruses express a receptor-destroying enzyme (RDE) that removes the virus-targeted receptor and limits viral interactions with the host cell surface. Despite a growing appreciation of how the viral RDE promotes viral fitness, little is known about its direct effects on the host. Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) attaches to 4-O-acetylated sialic acids on Atlantic salmon epithelial, endothelial, and red blood cell surfaces. ISAV receptor binding and destruction are effectuated by the same molecule, the haemagglutinin esterase (HE). We recently discovered a global loss of vascular 4-O-acetylated sialic acids in ISAV-infected fish. The loss correlated with the expression of viral proteins, giving rise to the hypothesis that it was mediated by the HE. Here, we report that the ISAV receptor is also progressively lost from circulating erythrocytes in infected fish. Furthermore, salmon erythrocytes exposed to ISAV ex vivo lost their capacity to bind new ISAV particles. The loss of ISAV binding was not associated with receptor saturation. Moreover, upon loss of the ISAV receptor, erythrocyte surfaces became more available to the lectin wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting a potential to alter interactions with endogenous lectins of similar specificity. The pruning of erythrocyte surfaces was inhibited by an antibody that prevented ISAV attachment. Furthermore, recombinant HE, but not an esterase-silenced mutant, was sufficient to induce the observed surface modulation. This links the ISAV-induced erythrocyte modulation to the hydrolytic activity of the HE and shows that the observed effects are not mediated by endogenous esterases. Our findings are the first to directly link a viral RDE to extensive cell surface modulation in infected individuals. This raises the questions of whether other sialic acid-binding viruses that express RDEs affect host cells to a similar extent, and if such RDE-mediated cell surface modulation influences host biological functions with relevance to viral disease.
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Olendraite I, Brown K, Firth AE. Identification of RNA Virus-Derived RdRp Sequences in Publicly Available Transcriptomic Data Sets. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad060. [PMID: 37014783 PMCID: PMC10101049 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are abundant and highly diverse and infect all or most eukaryotic organisms. However, only a tiny fraction of the number and diversity of RNA virus species have been catalogued. To cost-effectively expand the diversity of known RNA virus sequences, we mined publicly available transcriptomic data sets. We developed 77 family-level Hidden Markov Model profiles for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-the only universal "hallmark" gene of RNA viruses. By using these to search the National Center for Biotechnology Information Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly database, we identified 5,867 contigs encoding RNA virus RdRps or fragments thereof and analyzed their diversity, taxonomic classification, phylogeny, and host associations. Our study expands the known diversity of RNA viruses, and the 77 curated RdRp Profile Hidden Markov Models provide a useful resource for the virus discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Olendraite
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Brown
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Firth
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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So TY, Yu SCH, Wong WT, Wong JKT, Lee H, Wang YX. Chest computed tomography analysis of lung sparing morphology: differentiation of COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia using the arched bridge and vacuole signs. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29:39-48. [PMID: 36810239 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated the arched bridge and vacuole signs, which constitute morphological patterns of lung sparing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), then examined whether these signs could be used to differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza pneumonia or bacterial pneumonia. METHODS In total, 187 patients were included: 66 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, 50 patients with influenza pneumonia and positive computed tomography findings, and 71 patients with bacterial pneumonia and positive computed tomography findings. Images were independently reviewed by two radiologists. The incidences of the arched bridge sign and/or vacuole sign were compared among the COVID-19 pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, and bacterial pneumonia groups. RESULTS The arched bridge sign was much more common among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (42/66, 63.6%) than among patients with influenza pneumonia (4/50, 8.0%; P<0.001) or bacterial pneumonia (4/71, 5.6%; P<0.001). The vacuole sign was also much more common among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (14/66, 21.2%) than among patients with influenza pneumonia (1/50, 2.0%; P=0.005) or bacterial pneumonia (1/71, 1.4%; P<0.001). The signs occurred together in 11 (16.7%) patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, but they did not occur together in patients with influenza pneumonia or bacterial pneumonia. The arched bridge and vacuole signs predicted COVID-19 pneumonia with respective specificities of 93.4% and 98.4%. CONCLUSION The arched bridge and vacuole signs are much more common in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and can help differentiate COVID-19 pneumonia from influenza and bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y So
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S C H Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - W T Wong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - J K T Wong
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y X Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wang J, Jiang L, Xu Y, He W, Zhang C, Bi F, Tan Y, Ning C. Epidemiology of influenza virus reinfection in Guangxi, China: a retrospective analysis of a nine-year influenza surveillance data. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:135-141. [PMID: 35477049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological characteristics profile of the reinfection of the influenza virus has not been well described. METHODS Included all influenza cases of Guangxi, China from January 2011 to December 2019 recorded in National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System (NIDRIS) within 24 hours after diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 53,605.6 person-months and the median time of 8.7 months were observed for reinfection. The median age at the first influenza virus infection was 4.5 (IQR=2.0-7.5) years. The cumulative reinfection incidence was 2% at 6-month, 4% at 12-month, 5% at 24-month, and 7% after 59-month. Living in the rural area (HR=1.37 [95%CI, 1.29-1.45]), age ≤6 years (HR=11.43 [95%CI, 9.47-13.80]) were independent risk factors associated with influenza reinfection. Among 49 patients experiencing twice laboratory tests, 32 patients (65.3%) were with different virus types. The interval between two consecutive laboratory-confirmed episodes of the four groups differed (p=0.148), as the maximum was 72.9 months, and the minimum was 1.2 months. CONCLUSIONS The reinfection of the influenza virus in Guangxi independently and positively associated with the rural area and younger age. The unusually high frequency of reinfection points to a need for further prospective longitudinal studies to better investigate sufficient impact on different subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Lina Jiang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yunan Xu
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Weitao He
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Fuyin Bi
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yi Tan
- Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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10
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Nissen JN, George SJ, Hjulsager CK, Krog JS, Nielsen XC, Madsen TV, Andersen KM, Krause TG, Vestergaard LS, Larsen LE, Trebbien R. Reassortant Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Elderly Woman, Denmark, January 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:3202-3205. [PMID: 34808097 PMCID: PMC8632190 DOI: 10.3201/eid2712.211361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of human infection with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus containing a nonstructural gene highly similar to Eurasian avian-like H1Nx swine influenza virus was detected in Denmark in January 2021. We describe the clinical case and report testing results of the genetic and antigenic characterizations of the virus.
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11
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Faleye TOC, Adams D, Adhikari S, Sandrolini H, Halden RU, Varsani A, Scotch M. Use of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing with variant analysis to detect co-infection and resolve identical consensus sequences of seasonal influenza in a university setting. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:810. [PMID: 34388979 PMCID: PMC8360813 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Local transmission of seasonal influenza viruses (IVs) can be difficult to resolve. Here, we study if coupling high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes with variant analysis can resolve strains from local transmission that have identical consensus genome. We analyzed 24 samples collected over four days in January 2020 at a large university in the US. We amplified complete hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genomic segments followed by Illumina sequencing. We identified consensus complete HA and NA segments using BLASTn and performed variant analysis on strains whose HA and NA segments were 100% similar. Results Twelve of the 24 samples were PCR positive, and we detected complete HA and/or NA segments by de novo assembly in 83.33% (10/12) of them. Similarity and phylogenetic analysis showed that 70% (7/10) of the strains were distinct while the remaining 30% had identical consensus sequences. These three samples also had IAV and IBV co-infection. However, subsequent variant analysis showed that they had distinct variant profiles. While the IAV HA of one sample had no variant, another had a T663C mutation and another had both C1379T and C1589A. Conclusion In this study, we showed that HTS coupled with variant analysis of only HA and NA genes can help resolve variants that are closely related. We also provide evidence that during a short time period in the 2019–2020 season, co-infection of IAV and IBV occurred on the university campus and both 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 WHO recommended H1N1 vaccine strains were co-circulating. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06526-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope O C Faleye
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Deborah Adams
- Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Sangeet Adhikari
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Helen Sandrolini
- Arizona State University Health Services, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rolf U Halden
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Matthew Scotch
- Biodesign Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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12
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Sameroff S, Tokarz R, Jain K, Oleynik A, Carrington CVF, Lipkin WI, Oura CAL. Novel quaranjavirus and other viral sequences identified from ticks parasitizing hunted wildlife in Trinidad and Tobago. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101730. [PMID: 33957484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hunters are at a higher risk for exposure to zoonotic pathogens due to their close interactions with wildlife and arthropod vectors. In this study, high throughput sequencing was used to explore the viromes of two tick species, Amblyomma dissimile and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, removed from hunted wildlife in Trinidad and Tobago. We identified sequences from 3 new viral species, from the viral families Orthomyxoviridae, Chuviridae and Tetraviridae in A. dissimile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sameroff
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States; School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Rafal Tokarz
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Komal Jain
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Alexandra Oleynik
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Christine V F Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - W Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Christopher A L Oura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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13
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Bai Q, Ji S, Fei GH. [Influenza virus activates toll-like receptor 7/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway to regulate airway inflammatory response in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2020; 59:540-545. [PMID: 32594688 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20190804-00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore how influenza A virus (IAV) regulates airway inflammation via activating Toll-like receptor 7(TLR7)/nuclear factor of κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: Primary bronchial epithelial cells were isolated and cultured from normal controls and COPD patients. Samples were divided into 6 groups according to different in vitro treatment, including normal epithelial cell group (A), normal cells+IAV group (B), COPD epithelial cell group (C), COPD cells+IAV group (D), normal cells+TLR7 small interference RNA (si-RNA) group (E), COPD cells+TLR7 siRNA group (F). Protein expressions of TLR7 and NF-κB were detected by Western blot after 24h co-culture with IAV and TLR7 siRNA. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: (1) Compared with group A [0.350±0.075 and 0.470±0.034, (53.000±6.532)pg/ml and (17.000±1.625)pg/ml],TLR7, NF-κB protein expression and IL-6, TNF α levels were significantly increased in group B[0.950±0.075 and 1.090±0.078,(185.000±7.874)pg/ml and (32.000±0.838)pg/ml], group C[0.780±0.056 and 0.910±0.045,(138.000±5.100)pg/ml and 29.000±1.323)pg/ml) and group D[1.280±0.031 and 1.540±0.051,(432.000±5.734)pg/ml and (52.000±3.453)pg/ml] (all P<0.01). Compared with group C TLR7, NF-κB protein expression and IL-6, TNF α levels were significantly increased in group D (P<0.01). (2) Compared with the group A[0.530±0.023 and 0.800±0.046,(51.000±0.327)pg/ml and (14.000±0.314)pg/ml], TLR7, NF-κB protein expression and IL-6, TNF α levels were significantly decreased in the group E[0.350±0.047 and 0.510±0.067,(26.000±1.081)pg/ml and(8.000±0.526)pg/ml] (P<0.05). Compared with group C[1.080±0.078 and 1.280±0.034,(125.000±2.249)pg/ml and (28.000±1.010)pg/ml], TLR7, NF-κB protein expression and IL-6, TNF α levels decreased in the group F[0.880±0.056 and 1.040±0.029,(83.000±1.125)pg/ml and (21.000±0.429)pg/ml] (P<0.05). Conclusion: Influenza viruses activate TLR7/NF-κB signaling pathway to regulate airway inflammation storms in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. New therapeutic targets of acute exacerbation COPD may be studied based on these inflammation responses to influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - S Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - G H Fei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
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Rioux M, McNeil M, Francis ME, Dawe N, Foley M, Langley JM, Kelvin AA. The Power of First Impressions: Can Influenza Imprinting during Infancy Inform Vaccine Design? Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E546. [PMID: 32961707 PMCID: PMC7563765 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes severe respiratory illness in people worldwide, disproportionately affecting infants. The immature respiratory tract coupled with the developing immune system, and lack of previous exposure to the virus is thought to synergistically play a role in the increased disease severity in younger age groups. No influenza vaccines are available for those under six months, although maternal influenza immunization is recommended. In children aged six months to two years, vaccine immunogenicity is dampened compared to older children and adults. Unlike older children and adults, the infant immune system has fewer antigen-presenting cells and soluble immune factors. Paradoxically, we know that a person's first infection with the influenza virus during infancy or childhood leads to the establishment of life-long immunity toward that particular virus strain. This is called influenza imprinting. We contend that by understanding the influenza imprinting event in the context of the infant immune system, we will be able to design more effective influenza vaccines for both infants and adults. Working through the lens of imprinting, using infant influenza animal models such as mice and ferrets which have proven useful for infant immunity studies, we will gain a better understanding of imprinting and its implications regarding vaccine design. This review examines literature regarding infant immune and respiratory development, current vaccine strategies, and highlights the importance of research into the imprinting event in infant animal models to develop more effective and protective vaccines for all including young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rioux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.); (M.M.); (M.E.F.); (N.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Mara McNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.); (M.M.); (M.E.F.); (N.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Magen E. Francis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.); (M.M.); (M.E.F.); (N.D.); (M.F.)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Nicholas Dawe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.); (M.M.); (M.E.F.); (N.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Mary Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.); (M.M.); (M.E.F.); (N.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Joanne M. Langley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada;
- The Canadian Center for Vaccinology (IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University and the Nova Scotia Health Authority), Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Alyson A. Kelvin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.); (M.M.); (M.E.F.); (N.D.); (M.F.)
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada;
- The Canadian Center for Vaccinology (IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University and the Nova Scotia Health Authority), Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
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Parry R, Wille M, Turnbull OMH, Geoghegan JL, Holmes EC. Divergent Influenza-Like Viruses of Amphibians and Fish Support an Ancient Evolutionary Association. Viruses 2020; 12:E1042. [PMID: 32962015 DOI: 10.3390/v12091042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses (family Orthomyxoviridae) infect a variety of vertebrates, including birds, humans, and other mammals. Recent metatranscriptomic studies have uncovered divergent influenza viruses in amphibians, fish and jawless vertebrates, suggesting that these viruses may be widely distributed. We sought to identify additional vertebrate influenza-like viruses through the analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing data. Accordingly, by data mining, we identified the complete coding segments of five divergent vertebrate influenza-like viruses. Three fell as sister lineages to influenza B virus: salamander influenza-like virus in Mexican walking fish (Ambystoma mexicanum) and plateau tiger salamander (Ambystoma velasci), Siamese algae-eater influenza-like virus in Siamese algae-eater fish (Gyrinocheilus aymonieri) and chum salmon influenza-like virus in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). Similarly, we identified two influenza-like viruses of amphibians that fell as sister lineages to influenza D virus: cane toad influenza-like virus and the ornate chorus frog influenza-like virus, in the cane toad (Rhinella marina) and ornate chorus frog (Microhyla fissipes), respectively. Despite their divergent phylogenetic positions, these viruses retained segment conservation and splicing consistent with transcriptional regulation in influenza B and influenza D viruses, and were detected in respiratory tissues. These data suggest that influenza viruses have been associated with vertebrates for their entire evolutionary history.
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Kalonda A, Saasa N, Nkhoma P, Kajihara M, Sawa H, Takada A, Simulundu E. Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in Birds in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090993. [PMID: 32906666 PMCID: PMC7552061 DOI: 10.3390/v12090993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, sub-Saharan Africa has not escaped the devastating effects of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds. This systematic review describes the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and virus subtypes detected in domestic and wild birds for the past two decades (2000–2019). We collected data from three electronic databases, PubMed, SpringerLink electronic journals and African Journals Online, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. A total of 1656 articles were reviewed, from which 68 were selected. An overall prevalence of 3.0% AIV in birds was observed. The prevalence varied between regions and ranged from 1.1% to 7.1%. The Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test showed no significant difference in the prevalence of AIV across regions, χ2(3) = 5.237, p = 0.1553 and seasons, T = 820, z = −1.244, p = 0.2136. Nineteen hemagglutinin/neuraminidase subtype combinations were detected during the reviewed period, with southern Africa recording more diverse AIV subtypes than other regions. The most detected subtype was H5N1, followed by H9N2, H5N2, H5N8 and H6N2. Whilst these predominant subtypes were mostly detected in domestic poultry, H1N6, H3N6, H4N6, H4N8, H9N1 and H11N9 were exclusively detected in wild birds. Meanwhile, H5N1, H5N2 and H5N8 were detected in both wild and domestic birds suggesting circulation of these subtypes among wild and domestic birds. Our findings provide critical information on the eco-epidemiology of AIVs that can be used to improve surveillance strategies for the prevention and control of avian influenza in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kalonda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (A.K.); (P.N.)
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Disease of Humans and Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Ngonda Saasa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Panji Nkhoma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (A.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
| | - Ayato Takada
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan;
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Edgar Simulundu
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (N.S.); (H.S.); (A.T.)
- Macha Research Trust, Choma 20100, Zambia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +260-977469479
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Blitvich BJ, Magalhaes T, Laredo-Tiscareño SV, Foy BD. Sexual Transmission of Arboviruses: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090933. [PMID: 32854298 PMCID: PMC7552039 DOI: 10.3390/v12090933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are primarily maintained in nature in transmission cycles between hematophagous arthropods and vertebrate hosts, but an increasing number of arboviruses have been isolated from or indirectly detected in the urogenital tract and sexual secretions of their vertebrate hosts, indicating that further investigation on the possibility of sexual transmission of these viruses is warranted. The most widely recognized sexually-transmitted arbovirus is Zika virus but other arboviruses, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and dengue virus, might also be transmitted, albeit occasionally, by this route. This review summarizes our current understanding on the ability of arboviruses to be sexually transmitted. We discuss the sexual transmission of arboviruses between humans and between vertebrate animals, but not arthropod vectors. Every taxonomic group known to contain arboviruses (Asfarviridae, Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Reoviridae, Rhabdoviridae and Togaviridae) is covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Blitvich
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-9861; Fax: +1-515-294-8500
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.M.); (B.D.F.)
| | - S. Viridiana Laredo-Tiscareño
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Brian D. Foy
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (T.M.); (B.D.F.)
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18
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Ravina, Dalal A, Mohan H, Prasad M, Pundir C. Detection methods for influenza A H1N1 virus with special reference to biosensors: a review. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20193852. [PMID: 32016385 PMCID: PMC7000365 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
H1N1 (Swine flu) is caused by influenza A virus, which is a member of Orthomyxoviridae family. Transmission of H1N1 occurs from human to human through air or sometimes from pigs to humans. The influenza virus has different RNA segments, which can reassert to make new virus strain with the possibility to create an outbreak in unimmunized people. Gene reassortment is a process through which new strains are emerging in pigs, as it has specific receptors for both human influenza and avian influenza viruses. H1N1 binds specifically with an α-2,6 glycosidic bond, which is present in human respiratory tract cells as well as in pigs. Considering the fact of fast multiplication of viruses inside the living cells, rapid detection methods need an hour. Currently, WHO recommended methods for the detection of swine flu include real-time PCR in specific testing centres that take 3-4 h. More recently, a number of methods such as Antigen-Antibody or RT-LAMP and DNA biosensors have also been developed that are rapid and more sensitive. This review describes the various challenges in the diagnosis of H1N1, and merits and demerits of conventional vis-à-vis latest methods with special emphasis on biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravina
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Anita Dalal
- DCR University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, Haryana 131039, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Minakshi Prasad
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - C.S. Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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Walker PJ, Tesh RB, Guzman H, Popov VL, Travassos da Rosa APA, Reyna M, Nunes MRT, de Souza WM, Contreras-Gutierrez MA, Patroca S, Vela J, Salvato V, Bueno R, Widen SG, Wood TG, Vasilakis N. Characterization of Three Novel Viruses from the Families Nyamiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Peribunyaviridae, Isolated from Dead Birds Collected during West Nile Virus Surveillance in Harris County, Texas. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100927. [PMID: 31658646 PMCID: PMC6832935 DOI: 10.3390/v11100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes and characterizes three novel RNA viruses isolated from dead birds collected during West Nile virus surveillance in Harris County, TX, USA (the Houston metropolitan area). The novel viruses are identified as members of the families Nyamaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Peribunyaviridae and have been designated as San Jacinto virus, Mason Creek virus, and Buffalo Bayou virus, respectively. Their potential public health and/or veterinary importance are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Hilda Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Vsevolod L Popov
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Amelia P A Travassos da Rosa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Martin Reyna
- Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Houston, TX 77021, USA.
| | - Marcio R T Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Para 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Para 67030-000, Brazil.
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo 14025-000, Brazil.
| | - Maria A Contreras-Gutierrez
- Program for Study and Control of Tropical Diseases (PECET), University of Antioquia and National University of Colombia, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Sandro Patroca
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Para 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - Jeremy Vela
- Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Houston, TX 77021, USA.
| | - Vence Salvato
- Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Houston, TX 77021, USA.
| | - Rudy Bueno
- Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services, 3330 Old Spanish Trail, Houston, TX 77021, USA.
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Thomas G Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Mateus-Anzola J, Wiratsudakul A, Rico-Chávez O, Ojeda-Flores R. Simulation modeling of influenza transmission through backyard pig trade networks in a wildlife/livestock interface area. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2019-24. [PMID: 31041720 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Influenza constitutes a challenge to animal and human health. It is a highly contagious disease with wildlife reservoirs and considered as endemic among swine populations. Pigs are crucial in the disease dynamics due to their capacity to generate new reassortant viruses. The risk of informal animal trade in the spread of zoonotic diseases is well recognized worldwide. Nevertheless, the contribution of the backyard pig trade network in the transmission of influenza in a wildlife/livestock interface area is unknown. This study provides the first simulation of influenza transmission based on backyard farm connections in Mexico. A susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model was implemented using the Epimodel software package in R, and 260 backyard farms were considered as nodes. Three different scenarios of connectivity (low, medium, and high) mediated by trade were generated and compared. Our results suggest that half of the pig population were infected within 5 days in the high connectivity scenario and the number of infected farms was approximately 65-fold higher compared to the low connected one. The consequence of connectivity variations directly influenced both time and duration of influenza virus transmission. Therefore, high connectivity driven by informal trade constitutes a significant risk to animal health. Trade patterns of animal movements are complex. This approach emphasizes the importance of pig movements and spatial dynamics among backyard production, live animal markets, and wildlife.
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Ferguson L, Luo K, Olivier AK, Cunningham FL, Blackmon S, Hanson-Dorr K, Sun H, Baroch J, Lutman MW, Quade B, Epperson W, Webby R, DeLiberto TJ, Wan XF. Influenza D Virus Infection in Feral Swine Populations, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1020-1028. [PMID: 29774857 PMCID: PMC6004836 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.172102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV) has been identified in domestic cattle, swine, camelid, and small ruminant populations across North America, Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa. Our study investigated seroprevalence and transmissibility of IDV in feral swine. During 2012-2013, we evaluated feral swine populations in 4 US states; of 256 swine tested, 57 (19.1%) were IDV seropositive. Among 96 archived influenza A virus-seropositive feral swine samples collected from 16 US states during 2010-2013, 41 (42.7%) were IDV seropositive. Infection studies demonstrated that IDV-inoculated feral swine shed virus 3-5 days postinoculation and seroconverted at 21 days postinoculation; 50% of in-contact naive feral swine shed virus, seroconverted, or both. Immunohistochemical staining showed viral antigen within epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, including trachea, soft palate, and lungs. Our findings suggest that feral swine might serve an important role in the ecology of IDV.
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22
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Cummings CO, Hill NJ, Puryear WB, Rogers B, Mukherjee J, Leibler JH, Rosenbaum MH, Runstadler JA. Evidence of Influenza A in Wild Norway Rats ( Rattus norvegicus) in Boston, Massachusetts. Front Ecol Evol 2019; 7:36. [PMID: 34660611 PMCID: PMC8519512 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is known to circulate among human and animal reservoirs, yet there are few studies that address the potential for urban rodents to carry and shed IAV. Rodents are often used as influenza models in the lab, but the few field studies that have looked for evidence of IAV in rodents have done so primarily in rural areas following outbreaks of IAV in poultry. This study sought to assess the prevalence of IAV recovered from wild Norway rats in a dense urban location (Boston). To do this, we sampled the oronasal cavity, paws, and lungs of Norway rats trapped by the City of Boston's Inspectional Services from December 2016 to September 2018. All samples were screened by real-time, reverse transcriptase PCR targeting the conserved IAV matrix segment. A total of 163 rats were trapped, 18 of which (11.04%) were RT-PCR positive for IAV in either oronasal swabs (9), paw swabs (9), both (2), or lung homogenates (2). A generalized linear model indicated that month and geographic location were correlated with IAV-positive PCR status of rats. A seasonal trend in IAV-PCR status was observed with the highest prevalence occurring in the winter months (December-January) followed by a decline over the course of the year, reaching its lowest prevalence in September. Sex and weight of rats were not significantly associated with IAV-PCR status, suggesting that rodent demography is not a primary driver of infection. This pilot study provides evidence of the need to further investigate the role that wild rats may play as reservoirs or mechanical vectors for IAV circulation in urban environments across seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles O. Cummings
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Nichola J. Hill
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Wendy B. Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Rogers
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Jean Mukherjee
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Jessica H. Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marieke H. Rosenbaum
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Grafton, MA, United States
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Sandoval-Gutiérrez JL. [Oseltamivir removed from the WHO Essential Medicines List. A convenient decision?]. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2018; 56:216. [PMID: 30365281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sandoval-Gutiérrez
- Secretaría de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Subdirección de Servicios Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Paramédicos. Ciudad de México, México
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Kuchipudi SV, Nissly RH. Novel Flu Viruses in Bats and Cattle: "Pushing the Envelope" of Influenza Infection. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E71. [PMID: 30082582 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are among the major infectious disease threats of animal and human health. This review examines the recent discovery of novel influenza viruses in bats and cattle, the evolving complexity of influenza virus host range including the ability to cross species barriers and geographic boundaries, and implications to animal and human health.
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25
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Kang MC, Park HW, Choi DH, Choi YW, Park Y, Sung YC, Lee SW. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Contribute to the Protective Immunity Induced by Intranasal Treatment with Fc-fused Interleukin-7 against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection. Immune Netw 2017; 17:343-351. [PMID: 29093655 PMCID: PMC5662783 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.5.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a novel vaccine that can be applied against multiple strains of influenza virus is of utmost importance to human health. Previously, we demonstrated that the intranasal introduction of Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-mFc), a long-acting cytokine fusion protein, confers long-lasting prophylaxis against multiple strains of influenza A virus (IAV) by inducing the development of lung-resident memory-like T cells, called TRM-like cells. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms of IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity to IAVs. First, we found that IL-7-mFc treatment augments the accumulation of pulmonary T cells in 2 ways: recruiting blood circulating T cells into the lung and expanding T cells at the lung parenchyma. Second, the blockade of T cell migration from the lymph nodes (LNs) with FTY720 treatment was not required for mounting the protective immunity to IAV with IL-7-mFc, suggesting a more important role of IL-7 in T cells in the lungs. Third, IL-7-mFc treatment also recruited various innate immune cells into the lungs. Among these cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity through reducing the immunopathology and increasing IAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In summary, our results show that intranasal treatment with IL-7-mFc modulates pulmonary immune responses to IAV, affecting both innate and adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Cheol Kang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Han Wook Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Choi
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Young Woo Choi
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam 13488, Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
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26
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Ramaekers K, Keyaerts E, Rector A, Borremans A, Beuselinck K, Lagrou K, Van Ranst M. Prevalence and seasonality of six respiratory viruses during five consecutive epidemic seasons in Belgium. J Clin Virol 2017; 94:72-78. [PMID: 28772168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are a major health problem, especially in young children and the elderly. OBJECTIVES Insights into the seasonality of respiratory viruses can help us understand when the burden on society is highest and which age groups are most vulnerable. STUDY DESIGN We monitored six respiratory viruses during five consecutive seasons (2011-2016) in Belgium. Patient specimens (n=22876), tested for one or more of the following respiratory viruses, were included in this analysis: Influenza viruses (IAV & IBV), Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), Adenovirus (ADV) and Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV). Data were analysed for four age categories: <6y, 6-17y, 18-64y and ≥65y. RESULTS Children <6y had the highest infection rates (39% positive vs. 20% positive adults) and the highest frequency of co-infections. hRSV (28%) and IAV (32%) caused the most common respiratory viral infections and followed, like hMPV, a seasonal pattern with winter peaks. hRSV followed an annual pattern with two peaks: first in young children and ±7 weeks later in elderly. This phenomenon has not been described in literature so far. hPIV and ADV occurred throughout the year with higher rates in winter. CONCLUSIONS Children <6y are most vulnerable for respiratory viral infections and have a higher risk for co-infections. hRSV and IAV are the most common respiratory infections with peaks during the winter season in Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Ramaekers
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Els Keyaerts
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annabel Rector
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Annie Borremans
- University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kurt Beuselinck
- University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven. Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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27
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Dettleff P, Moen T, Santi N, Martinez V. Transcriptomic analysis of spleen infected with infectious salmon anemia virus reveals distinct pattern of viral replication on resistant and susceptible Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 61:187-193. [PMID: 28063951 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv) produces a systemic infection in salmonids, causing large losses in salmon production. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms exerting disease resistance. In this paper, we perform an RNA-seq analysis in Atlantic salmon challenged with ISAv (using individuals coming from families that were highly susceptible or highly resistant to ISAv infection). We evaluated the differential expression of both host and ISAv genes in a target organ for the virus, i.e. the spleen. The results showed differential expression of host genes related to response to stress, immune response and protein folding (genes such as; atf3, mhc, mx1-3, cd276, cd2, cocs1, c7, il10, il10rb, il13ra2, ubl-1, ifng, ifngr1, hivep2, sigle14 and sigle5). An increased protein processing activity was found in susceptible fish, which generates a subsequent unfolded protein response. We observed extreme differences in the expression of viral segments between susceptible and resistant groups, demonstrating the capacity of resistant fish to overcome the virus replication, generating a very low viral load. This phenomenon and survival of this higher resistant fish seem to be related to differences in immune and translational process, as well as to the increase of HIV-EP2 (hivep2) transcript in resistant fish, although the causal mechanism is yet to be discovered. This study provides valuable information about disease resistance mechanisms in Atlantic salmon from a host-pathogen interaction point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Dettleff
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Nina Santi
- AQUAGEN Norway, Trondheim NO-7462, Norway.
| | - Victor Martinez
- FAVET-INBIOGEN, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Avda. Santa Rosa 11735, Santiago, Chile.
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Contreras-Gutiérrez MA, Nunes MRT, Guzman H, Uribe S, Suaza Vasco JD, Cardoso JF, Popov VL, Widen SG, Wood TG, Vasilakis N, Tesh RB. Sinu virus, a novel and divergent orthomyxovirus related to members of the genus Thogotovirus isolated from mosquitoes in Colombia. Virology 2017; 501:166-175. [PMID: 27936462 PMCID: PMC5201441 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genome and structural organization of a novel insect-specific orthomyxovirus, designated Sinu virus, is described. Sinu virus (SINUV) was isolated in cultures of C6/36 cells from a pool of mosquitoes collected in northwestern Colombia. The virus has six negative-sense ssRNA segments. Genetic analysis of each segment demonstrated the presence of six distinct ORFs encoding the following genes: PB2 (Segment 1), PB1, (Segment 2), PA protein (Segment 3), envelope GP gene (Segment 4), the NP (Segment 5), and M-like gene (Segment 6). Phylogenetically, SINUV appears to be most closed related to viruses in the genus Thogotovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angélica Contreras-Gutiérrez
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales - PECET - SIUSde de Investigación Universitaria - Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular-GSM, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marcio R T Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Hilda Guzman
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular-GSM, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Suaza Vasco
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales - PECET - SIUSde de Investigación Universitaria - Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular-GSM, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jedson F Cardoso
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Para, Brazil
| | - Vsevolod L Popov
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas G Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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Stoppani E, Bassi I, Dotti S, Lizier M, Ferrari M, Lucchini F. Expression of a single siRNA against a conserved region of NP gene strongly inhibits in vitro replication of different Influenza A virus strains of avian and swine origin. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:16-22. [PMID: 25986248 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus is the principal agent responsible of the respiratory tract's infections in humans. Every year, highly pathogenic and infectious strains with new antigenic assets appear, making ineffective vaccines so far developed. The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) opened the way to the progress of new promising drugs against Influenza A virus and also to the introduction of disease resistance traits in genetically modified animals. In this paper, we show that Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) cassette, designed on a specific conserved region of the nucleoprotein (NP) viral genome, can strongly inhibit the viral replication of four viral strains sharing the target sequence, reducing the viral mRNA respectively to 2.5×10(-4), 7.5×10(-5), 1.7×10(-3), 1.9×10(-4) compared to the control, as assessed by real-time PCR. Moreover, we demonstrate that during the challenge with a viral strain bearing a single mismatch on the target sequence, although a weaker inhibition is observed, viral mRNA is still lowered down to 1.2×10(-3) folds in the shRNA-expressing clone compared to the control, indicating a broad potential use of this approach. In addition, we developed a highly predictive and fast screening test of siRNA sequences based on dual-luciferase assay, useful for the in vitro prediction of the potential effect of viral inhibition. In conclusion, these findings reveal new siRNA sequences able to inhibit Influenza A virus replication and provide a basis for the development of siRNAs as prophylaxis and therapy for influenza infection both in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stoppani
- Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona, Italy; Laboratorio Colture Cellulari, Reparto Substrati Cellulari e Immunologia Cellulare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ivan Bassi
- Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dotti
- Laboratorio Colture Cellulari, Reparto Substrati Cellulari e Immunologia Cellulare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Lizier
- Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona, Italy; UOS/IRGB/CNR, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maura Ferrari
- Laboratorio Colture Cellulari, Reparto Substrati Cellulari e Immunologia Cellulare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Lucchini
- Centro Ricerche Biotecnologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Cremona, Italy.
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Warfield KL, Plummer E, Alonzi DS, Wolfe GW, Sampath A, Nguyen T, Butters TD, Enterlein SG, Stavale EJ, Shresta S, Ramstedt U. A Novel Iminosugar UV-12 with Activity against the Diverse Viruses Influenza and Dengue (Novel Iminosugar Antiviral for Influenza and Dengue). Viruses 2015; 7:2404-27. [PMID: 25984714 PMCID: PMC4452912 DOI: 10.3390/v7052404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iminosugars are capable of targeting the life cycles of multiple viruses by blocking host endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidase enzymes that are required for competent replication of a variety of enveloped, glycosylated viruses. Iminosugars as a class are approved for use in humans with diseases such as diabetes and Gaucher’s disease, providing evidence for safety of this class of compounds. The in vitro antiviral activity of iminosugars has been described in several publications with a subset of these demonstrating in vivo activity against flaviviruses, herpesviruses, retroviruses and filoviruses. Although there is compelling non-clinical in vivo evidence of antiviral efficacy, the efficacy of iminosugars as antivirals has yet to be demonstrated in humans. In the current study, we report a novel iminosugar, UV-12, which has efficacy against dengue and influenza in mouse models. UV-12 exhibits drug-like properties including oral bioavailability and good safety profile in mice and guinea pigs. UV-12 is an example of an iminosugar with activity against multiple virus families that should be investigated in further safety and efficacy studies and demonstrates potential value of this drug class as antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Plummer
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Tam Nguyen
- Tam Nguyen LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA.
| | | | | | - Eric J Stavale
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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31
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Valenzuela-Miranda D, Cabrejos ME, Yañez JM, Gallardo-Escárate C. From the viral perspective: infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) transcriptome during the infective process in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Mar Genomics 2015; 20:39-43. [PMID: 25561340 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is a severe disease that mainly affects the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture industry. Although several transcriptional studies have aimed to understand Salmon-ISAV interaction through the evaluation of host-gene transcription, none of them has focused their attention upon the viral transcriptional dynamics. For this purpose, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analyses were conducted in gills, liver and head-kidney of S. salar challenged by cohabitation with ISAV. Results evidence the time and tissue transcript patterns involved in the viral expression and how the transcription levels of ISAV segments are directly linked with the protein abundance found in other virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. In addition, RT-qPCR result evidenced that quantification of ISAV through amplification of segment 3 would result in a more sensitive approach for detection and quantification of ISAV. This study offers a more comprehensive approach regarding the ISAV infective process and gives novel knowledge for its molecular detection.
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32
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McBeath A, Aamelfot M, Christiansen DH, Matejusova I, Markussen T, Kaldhusdal M, Dale OB, Weli SC, Falk K. Immersion challenge with low and highly virulent infectious salmon anaemia virus reveals different pathogenesis in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:3-15. [PMID: 24820820 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The salmonid orthomyxovirus infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) causes disease of varying severity in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Field observations suggest that host factors, the environment and differences between ISAV strains attribute to the large variation in disease progression. Variation in host mortality and dissemination of ISAV isolates with high and low virulence (based on a previously published injection challenge) were investigated using immersion challenge. Virus dissemination was determined using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in several organs, including blood. Surprisingly, the low virulent virus (LVI) replicated and produced nucleoprotein at earlier time points post-infection compared to the virus of high virulence (HVI). This was particularly noticeable in the gills as indicated by different viral load profiles. However, the HVI reached a higher maximum viral load in all tested organs and full blood. This was associated with a higher mortality of 100% as compared to 20% in the LVI group by day 23 post-infection. Immersion challenge represented a more natural infection method and suggested that specific entry routes into the fish may be of key importance between ISAV strains. The results suggest that a difference in virulence is important for variations in virus dissemination and pathogenesis (disease development).
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Affiliation(s)
- A McBeath
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, UK
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Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated and concise systematic review on taxonomy, history, arthropod vectors, vertebrate hosts, animal disease, and geographic distribution of all arboviruses known to date to cause disease in homeotherm (endotherm) vertebrates, except those affecting exclusively man. Fifty arboviruses pathogenic for animals have been documented worldwide, belonging to seven families: Togaviridae (mosquito-borne Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalilitis viruses; Sindbis, Middelburg, Getah, and Semliki Forest viruses), Flaviviridae (mosquito-borne yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile, Usutu, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis, Tembusu and Wesselsbron viruses; tick-borne encephalitis, louping ill, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, and Tyuleniy viruses), Bunyaviridae (tick-borne Nairobi sheep disease, Soldado, and Bhanja viruses; mosquito-borne Rift Valley fever, La Crosse, Snowshoe hare, and Cache Valley viruses; biting midges-borne Main Drain, Akabane, Aino, Shuni, and Schmallenberg viruses), Reoviridae (biting midges-borne African horse sickness, Kasba, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Ibaraki, equine encephalosis, Peruvian horse sickness, and Yunnan viruses), Rhabdoviridae (sandfly/mosquito-borne bovine ephemeral fever, vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, vesicular stomatitis-New Jersey, vesicular stomatitis-Alagoas, and Coccal viruses), Orthomyxoviridae (tick-borne Thogoto virus), and Asfarviridae (tick-borne African swine fever virus). They are transmitted to animals by five groups of hematophagous arthropods of the subphyllum Chelicerata (order Acarina, families Ixodidae and Argasidae-ticks) or members of the class Insecta: mosquitoes (family Culicidae); biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae); sandflies (subfamily Phlebotominae); and cimicid bugs (family Cimicidae). Arboviral diseases in endotherm animals may therefore be classified as: tick-borne (louping ill and tick-borne encephalitis, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, Kyasanur Forest disease, Tyuleniy fever, Nairobi sheep disease, Soldado fever, Bhanja fever, Thogoto fever, African swine fever), mosquito-borne (Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitides, Highlands J disease, Getah disease, Semliki Forest disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, Usutu disease, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis, Tembusu disease/duck egg-drop syndrome, Wesselsbron disease, La Crosse encephalitis, Snowshoe hare encephalitis, Cache Valley disease, Main Drain disease, Rift Valley fever, Peruvian horse sickness, Yunnan disease), sandfly-borne (vesicular stomatitis-Indiana, New Jersey, and Alagoas, Cocal disease), midge-borne (Akabane disease, Aino disease, Schmallenberg disease, Shuni disease, African horse sickness, Kasba disease, bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer, Ibaraki disease, equine encephalosis, bovine ephemeral fever, Kotonkan disease), and cimicid-borne (Buggy Creek disease). Animals infected with these arboviruses regularly develop a febrile disease accompanied by various nonspecific symptoms; however, additional severe syndromes may occur: neurological diseases (meningitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis); hemorrhagic symptoms; abortions and congenital disorders; or vesicular stomatitis. Certain arboviral diseases cause significant economic losses in domestic animals-for example, Eastern, Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitides, West Nile encephalitis, Nairobi sheep disease, Rift Valley fever, Akabane fever, Schmallenberg disease (emerged recently in Europe), African horse sickness, bluetongue, vesicular stomatitis, and African swine fever; all of these (except for Akabane and Schmallenberg diseases) are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE, 2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Hubálek
- Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivo Rudolf
- Medical Zoology Laboratory, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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Le TH, Nguyen NTB. Evolutionary dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 HA clades and vaccine implementation in Vietnam. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2014; 3:117-27. [PMID: 25003084 PMCID: PMC4083063 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza A virus is divided into 18 different HA (H1 to H18) and 11 NA types (N1 to N11), opening the possibility for reassortment between the HA and NA genes to generate new HxNy subtypes (where x could be any HA and y is any NA, possibly). In recent four years, since 2010, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of H5N1 subtype (HPAI A/H5N1) have become highly enzootic and dynamically evolved to form multiple H5 HA clades, particularly in China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Egypt, Cambodia, and Bangladesh. So far, after more than 10 years emerged in Vietnam (since late 2003), HPAI A/H5N1 is still posing a potential risk of causing outbreaks in poultry, with high frequency of annual endemics. Intragenic variation (referred to as antigenic drift) in HA (e.g., H5) has given rise to form numerous clades, typically marking the major timelines of the evolutionary status and vaccine application in each period. The dominance of genetically and antigenically diversified clade 2.3.2.1 (of subgroups a, b, c), clade 1.1 (1.1.1/1.1.2) and re-emergence of clade 7.1/7.2 at present, has urged Vietnam to the need for dynamically applied antigenicity-matching vaccines, i.e., the plan of importing Re-6 vaccine for use in 2014, in parallel use of Re-1/Re-5 since 2006. In this review, we summarize evolutionary features of HPAI A/H5N1 viruses and clade formation during recent 10 years (2004-2014). Dynamic of vaccine implementation in Vienam is also remarked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Hoa Le
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga Thi Bich Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Deval J. Understanding the mechanisms of viral RNA synthesis: towards the discovery of new inhibitors. Virologie (Montrouge) 2014; 18:136-150. [PMID: 33065848 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2014.0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In single-stranded RNA viruses, the initiation of RNA synthesis by the viral polymerases is a key step to the replication and transcription of the genetic material. RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) have evolved independently for each virus family to recognize the 3'-end of viral genomes, maintain the integrity and the functionality of copied RNA, and to evade the recognition of foreign nucleic acid by host innate immune response. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the enzymatic activities involved in RNA initiation has enabled the discovery of small molecule inhibitors that can block virus replication and can be developed for therapeutic application. In this review, we present examples of such mechanisms for three unrelated single-stranded RNA virus families. In the first case, we show how blocking a conformation change of hepatitis C virus polymerase prevents the formation of the elongation complex. The second example describes inhibitors of the cap formation in Mononegavirales. In the third case, the inhibition of the endonuclease activity of the PA protein prevents the cap-snatching step of viral transcription by the RNA polymerase of Orthomyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Deval
- Alios BioPharma, Inc. 260 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, États-Unis
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Aamelfot M, Dale OB, Falk K. Infectious salmon anaemia - pathogenesis and tropism. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:291-307. [PMID: 24475971 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is a serious disease of farmed Atlantic salmon caused by the aquatic orthomyxovirus infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). ISA was first detected in Norway in 1984 and was characterized by severe anaemia and circulatory disturbances. This review elucidates factors related to the pathogenesis of ISA in Atlantic salmon, the dissemination of the virus in the host and the general distribution of the 4-O-acetylated sialic acids ISAV receptor. The knowledge contributes to the understanding of this disease, and why, almost 30 years after the first detection, it is still causing problems for the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aamelfot
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
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Terrier O, Carron C, Cartet G, Traversier A, Julien T, Valette M, Lina B, Moules V, Rosa-Calatrava M. Ultrastructural fingerprints of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in infected human lung cells. Virology 2014; 456-457:39-42. [PMID: 24889223 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural modifications induced by influenza A (H7N9) virus in human lung epithelial cells. One particular characteristic of H7N9 viral infection is the formation of numerous M1-associated striated tubular structures within the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which have only previously been observed for a limited number of influenza A viruses, notably the 2009 pandemic (H1N1) virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Terrier
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Coralie Carron
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gaelle Cartet
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Traversier
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Julien
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Valette
- Centre national de référence des virus influenza (région Sud), Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Bruno Lina
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre national de référence des virus influenza (région Sud), Laboratoire de Virologie Est, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Vincent Moules
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, EA 4610, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1-Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; VirNext, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Kwon JM, Shim JW, Kim DS, Jung HL, Park MS, Shim JY. Prevalence of respiratory viral infection in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract diseases, and association of rhinovirus and influenza virus with asthma exacerbations. Korean J Pediatr 2014; 57:29-34. [PMID: 24578714 PMCID: PMC3935110 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2014.57.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of year-round respiratory viral infection in children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and the relationship between respiratory viral infection and allergen sensitization in exacerbating asthma. METHODS We investigated the sources for acute LRTIs in children admitted to our hospital from May 2010 to April 2011. The 6 most common respiratory viruses were isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirate using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 309 children; respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (AV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), influenza virus (IFV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), rhinovirus (RV). Atopic sensitization was defined if more than 1 serum specific Immunoglobulin E level measured using UniCAP (Pharmacia) was over 0.35 IU/mL. RESULTS RSV was the most common pathogen of bronchiolitis in hospitalized children through the year. RV or IFV infection was more prevalent in asthma exacerbations compared to other LRTIs. AV and hMPV were more likely to cause pneumonia. RV and IFV were associated with asthma exacerbations in children with atopic sensitization, but not in nonatopic children. CONCLUSION RV and IFV are associated with hospitalization for asthma exacerbation in children with atopic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Mi Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deok Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moon Soo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yamazaki T, Ichinohe T. Inflammasomes in antiviral immunity: clues for influenza vaccine development. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 3:5-11. [PMID: 24427758 PMCID: PMC3890450 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.1.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that sense microbial motifs or cellular stress and stimulate caspase-1-dependent cytokine secretion and cell death. Recently, it has become increasingly evident that both DNA and RNA viruses activate inflammasomes, which control innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. In addition, recent studies suggest that certain microbiota induce inflammasomes-dependent adaptive immunity against influenza virus infections. Here, we review recent advances in research into the role of inflammasomes in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamazaki
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ichinohe
- Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Terrier O, Diederichs A, Dubois J, Cartet G, Lina B, Bourdon JC, Rosa-Calatrava M. Influenza NS1 interacts with p53 and alters its binding to p53-responsive genes, in a promoter-dependent manner. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2965-71. [PMID: 23954291 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between influenza A viruses (IAV) and p53 has only been reported in a limited number of studies, mainly focusing on the antiviral role of p53. We investigated the impact of IAV infection on p53 stability and transcriptional activity. Our results indicate that IAV-induced stabilization of p53 only partially correlates with modulation of p53 transcriptional activity measured during infection. Moreover, we show that the viral non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is able to inhibit p53 transcriptional activity, in a promoter-dependent manner. Based on these data, we propose that NS1 may contribute to p53-mediated cell fate decision during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Terrier
- Laboratoire de Virologie et Pathologie Humaine VirPath, Equipe VirCell, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Rezaei F, Mirshafiey A, Shahmahmoodi S, Shoja Z, Ghavami N, Mokhtari-Azad T. Influenza Virus-like Particle Containing Two Different Subtypes of Hemagglutinin Confers Protection in Mice Against Lethal Challenge With A/PR8 (H1N1) and A/HK (H3N2) Viruses. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013; 15:75-82. [PMID: 23487492 PMCID: PMC3589784 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing the seasonal or pandemic outbreak of influenza can be powerful and cost-effective. OBJECTIVES In this study, we constructed a novel virus-like particle (VLP) platform that contains two hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes and evaluated immunogenicity of constructed VLP in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS This recombinant candidate vaccine model resulted in the expression of two HAs of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes co-localized within a VLP. Following infection of insect cells with recombinant baculovirus co-expressing H1, H3 and M1 proteins, VLPs with size of 80-120 nm were self-assembled, budding, and released into the insect culture medium. The resulting VLPs which contained two different subtypes of hemagglutinin were purified by ultracentrifugation. The immunogenicity of VLPs was evaluated in mice following immunization. RESULTS Our data showed that vaccination using VLPs elicited robust levels of serum IgG, and viral neutralizing antibodies against A/PR8 (H1N1) and A/HK (H3N2) viruses. Following challenge with lethal dose of A/PR8 (H1N1) and A/HK (H3N2, vaccinated mice were protected, displaying no sign of weight loss and mortality compared to non-vaccinated control mice. CONCLUSIONS VLPs can serve as a promising vaccination strategy to control influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Talat Mokhtari-Azad, Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-2188962343, Fax: +98-2188962343, E-mail:
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