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Samota MK, Awana M, Krishnan V, Kumar S, Tyagi A, Pandey R, Mithra SVA, Singh A. A novel micronutrients and methyl jasmonate cocktail of elicitors via seed priming improves drought tolerance by mitigating oxidative stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Protoplasma 2024; 261:553-570. [PMID: 38159129 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major limiting factor for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production globally, and a cost-effective seed priming technique using bio-elicitors has been found to have stress mitigating effects. Till date, mostly phytohormones have been preferred as bio-elicitors, but the present study is a novel attempt to demonstrate the favorable role of micronutrients-phytohormone cocktail, i.e., iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and methyl jasmonate (MJ) via seed priming method in mitigating the deleterious impacts of drought stress through physio-biochemical and molecular manifestations. The effect of cocktail/priming was studied on the relative water content, chlorophyll a/b and carotenoid contents, proline content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and on the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), NADPH oxidase (Nox), and catalase (CAT). The expressions of drought-responsive genes OsZn-SOD, OsFe-SOD, and Nox1 were found to be modulated under drought stress in contrasting rice genotypes -N-22 (Nagina-22, drought-tolerant) and PS-5 (Pusa Sugandh-5, drought-sensitive). A progressive rise in carotenoids (10-19%), ABA (18-50%), proline (60-80%), activities of SOD (27-62%), APX (46-61%), CAT (50-80%), Nox (16-30%), and upregulated (0.9-1.6-fold) expressions of OsZn-SOD, OsFe-SOD, and Nox1 genes were found in the primed plants under drought condition. This cocktail would serve as a potential supplement in modern agricultural practices utilizing seed priming technique to mitigate drought stress-induced oxidative burst in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Samota
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
- HCP-Division, ICAR-CIPHET, Abohar, Punjab-152116, India
| | - Monika Awana
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - S V Amitha Mithra
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi-110012, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.
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Thiruvengadam R, Easwaran M, Rethinam S, Madasamy S, Siddiqui SA, Kandhaswamy A, Venkidasamy B. Boosting plant resilience: The promise of rare earth nanomaterials in growth, physiology, and stress mitigation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108519. [PMID: 38490154 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) have been extensively used in a variety of applications such as cell phones, electric vehicles, and lasers. REEs are also used as nanomaterials (NMs), which have distinctive features that make them suitable candidates for biomedical applications. In this review, we have highlighted the role of rare earth element nanomaterials (REE-NMs) in the growth of plants and physiology, including seed sprouting rate, shoot biomass, root biomass, and photosynthetic parameters. In addition, we discuss the role of REE-NMs in the biochemical and molecular responses of plants. Crucially, REE-NMs influence the primary metabolites of plants, namely sugars, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, polyols, sorbitol, and mannitol, and secondary metabolites, like terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and sulfur-containing compounds. Despite their protective effects, elevated concentrations of NMs are reported to induce toxicity and affect plant growth when compared with lower concentrations, and they not only induce toxicity in plants but also affect soil microbes, aquatic organisms, and humans via the food chain. Overall, we are still at an early stage of understanding the role of REE in plant physiology and growth, and it is essential to examine the interaction of nanoparticles with plant metabolites and their impact on the expression of plant genes and signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thiruvengadam
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Maheswaran Easwaran
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Rethinam
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivagnanavelmurugan Madasamy
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany; German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, D-Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Anandhi Kandhaswamy
- Post Graduate Research Department of Microbiology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Arts and Science for Women (Autonomous), Perambalur, 621212, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abolnezhadian F, Aminzadeh M, Iranparast S, Dehnavi S, Dousti F, Sharifat M, Moradzadegan H. Measurement of the Neutrophils Count and Oxidative Burst in Neutrophils of Patients with Sanjad Sakati Syndrome. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 23:115-121. [PMID: 38485906 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v23i1.14959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sanjad Sakati Syndrome (SSS) is categorized as a neuroendocrine-related disease due to disorders of the nervous and hormonal systems. Since hormonal changes in these patients may affect the nature and function of the immune system. Thus, in this study, cell count and phagocytotic function of neutrophils were evaluated which may be influenced by changes in the hormonal rate and growth factors. In this study, the neutrophil count value and the oxidative burst were evaluated in six patients diagnosed with SSS and six healthy individuals. There was a significant reduction in the neutrophil count observed in SSS patients compared to healthy controls (37.41±7.93 percent vs. 66.5±6.8 percent). However, there was no significant difference in neutrophil oxidative index between patients with SSS and control subjects (172.33±55.08 vs. 217.00±77.38). We concluded that in patients with SSS, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils was not affected by hormonal changes, while the number of neutrophils and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) index were decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Majid Aminzadeh
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Sara Iranparast
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran AND Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Dehnavi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Dousti
- Immunobiology Center of Pasteur Medical Laboratory, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Moosa Sharifat
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Li R, Schaller A, Stintzi A. Quantitative Measurement of Pattern-Triggered ROS Burst as an Early Immune Response in Tomato. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2731:157-167. [PMID: 38019433 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3511-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid accumulation of extracellular "reactive oxygen species" (ROS), also known as the "oxidative burst", is an early plant immune response triggered by pathogen-derived microbe-associated molecular patterns and by endogenous plant signaling molecules. The oxidative burst is often used as a readout for the activation of defense signaling. Here, we present a detailed protocol for the continuous measurement of ROS production in leaf discs of tomato plants, using a chemiluminescence-based assay in a microtiter plate format. We also include recommendations for data analysis and for the quantitative assessment of differences in ROS burst dynamics, as caused by different types of elicitors, or in different tomato genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Baig TA, Haniffa HM, Siddiqui H, Shah SF, Jabeen A. A new acyl derivative of sulfadimethoxine inhibits phagocyte oxidative burst and ameliorates inflammation in a mice model of zymosan-induced generalised inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:3303-3316. [PMID: 37971604 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of most challenging illnesses, including cancer, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of a new sulfadimethoxine derivative N-(4-(N-(2,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-4-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl) dodecanamide (MHH-II-32). The compound was characterised by applying 1H-, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and HRFAB-MS spectroscopic techniques. The compound inhibited zymosan-induced oxidative bursts from whole blood phagocytes and isolated polymorphonuclear cells with an IC50 value of (2.5 ± 0.4 and 3.4 ± 0.3 µg/mL), respectively. Furthermore, the inhibition of nitric oxide with an IC50 (3.6 ± 2.2 µg/mL) from lipopolysaccharide-induced J774.2 macrophages indicates its in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy. The compound did not show toxicity towards normal fibroblast cells. The observational findings, gross anatomical analysis of visceral organs and serological tests revealed the non-toxicity of the compound at the highest tested intraperitoneal (IP) dose of 100 mg/kg in acute toxicological studies in Balb/c mice. The compound treatment (100 mg/kg) (SC) significantly (P < 0.001) downregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-13, and NF-κB, which were elevated in zymosan-induced generalised inflammation (IP) in Balb/c mice while upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which was reduced in zymosan-treated mice. No suppressive effect was observed at the dose of 25 mg/kg. Ibuprofen was taken as a standard drug. The results revealed that the new acyl derivative of sulfadimethoxine has an immunomodulatory effect against generalised inflammatory response with non-toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, and has therapeutic potential for various chronic inflammatory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmad Baig
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Haroon M Haniffa
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Sammanthurai, 32200, Sri Lanka
| | - Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Farah Shah
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Ledderose C, Hashiguchi N, Valsami EA, Rusu C, Junger WG. Optimized flow cytometry assays to monitor neutrophil activation in human and mouse whole blood samples. J Immunol Methods 2023; 512:113403. [PMID: 36502881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) protect the host from invading microorganisms. However, excessively activated PMNs can also cause damage to host tissues under inflammatory conditions. Here we developed simple assays to determine the activation state of PMNs in human whole blood that contains soluble mediators known to influence PMN functions. Because mouse models are widely used to study the role of PMNs in infectious and inflammatory diseases, we adapted these assays for the rapid and reliable assessment of PMN functions in murine blood samples. Freshly collected whole blood samples were stimulated with agonists of the formyl peptide receptors (FPR) of PMNs and changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of CD11b, CD62L (L-selectin), CD66b, and CD63 on the cell surface were analyzed with flow cytometry. We optimized these assays to minimize inadvertent interferences such as cell stress generated during sample handling and the loss of plasma mediators that regulate PMN functions. Human PMNs readily responded to the FPR agonist N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). The most sensitive responses of human PMNs to fMLP were CD11b, CD62L, and CD66b expression with half maximal effective concentrations (EC50) of 5, 8, and 6 nM fMLP, respectively. CD63 expression and ROS production required markedly higher fMLP concentrations with EC50 values of 19 and 50 nM fMLP, respectively. Mouse PMNs did not respond well to fMLP and required significantly higher concentrations of the FPR agonist WKYMVm (W-peptide) to achieve equivalent cell activation. The most sensitive response of mouse PMNs was ROS production with an EC50 of 38 nM W-peptide. Because mice do not express CD66b, we only assessed the expression of CD62L, CD11b, and CD63 with EC50 values of 54, 119, and 355 nM W-peptide, respectively. Validation of our optimized assays showed that they sensitively detect the responses of human PMNs to priming with endotoxin in vitro as well as the corresponding responses of murine PMNs to bacterial infection in a sepsis model. We conclude that these optimized assays could be useful tools for the monitoring of patients with infections, sepsis, and other inflammatory conditions as well as for the design and interpretation of preclinical studies of these diseases in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Hashiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Christian Rusu
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang G Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Vorobjeva N, Dagil Y, Pashenkov M, Pinegin B, Chernyak B. Protein kinase C isoforms mediate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109448. [PMID: 36436472 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs) in response to numerous pathogenic microbes as the last suicidal resource (NETosis) in the fight against infection. Apart from the host defense function, NETs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETosis is important for regulating the aberrant or excessive NET release. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase which is involved in various neutrophil functions, however, little is known about its implication in NETosis activated by various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Since there are conventional, novel and atypical PKC isoforms (α, βI, βII, δ, and ζ) found in human neutrophils, we investigated their impact in NETosis, oxidative burst and spreading applying pharmacological approach. Using specific inhibitors of PKC isoforms, we showed that PKCβ, PKCδ, and PKCζ are involved in the oxidative burst, spreading and NETosis activated by calcium ionophore A23187, while only PKCβ is implicated in these functions activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The data obtained in our study might help in the development of new drugs useful for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases associated with NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vorobjeva
- Dept. Immunology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Mikhail Pashenkov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Pinegin
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Kashirskoe shosse 24, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Chernyak
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Dias C, Lourenço CF, Laranjinha J, Ledo A. Modulation of oxidative neurometabolism in ischemia/reperfusion by nitrite. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:779-786. [PMID: 36403737 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite has been viewed essentially as an inert metabolic endpoint of nitric oxide (•NO). However, under certain conditions, nitrite can be a source of •NO. In the brain, this alternative source of •NO production independent of nitric oxide synthase activity may be particularly relevant in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), where low oxygen availability limits enzymatic production of •NO. Notably, in vivo concentration of nitrite can be easily increased with diet, through the ingestion of nitrate-rich foods, opening the window for a therapeutic intervention based on diet. Considering the modulation of mitochondrial respiration by •NO, we have hypothesized that the protective action of nitrite in I/R may also result from modulation of mitochondrial function. We used high-resolution respirometry to evaluate the effects of nitrite in two in vitro models of I/R. In both cases, an increase in oxygen flux was observed following reoxygenation, a phenomenon that has been coined "oxidative burst". The amplitude of this "oxidative burst" was decreased by nitrite in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, a pilot in vivo study in which animals received a nitrate-rich diet as a strategy to increase circulating and tissue levels of nitrite also revealed that the "oxidative burst" was decreased in the nitrate-treated animals. These results may provide mechanistic support to the observation of a protective effect of nitrite in situations of brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dias
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C F Lourenço
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Laranjinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Ledo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Taheri P. Crosstalk of nitro-oxidative stress and iron in plant immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:137-149. [PMID: 36075546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxygen and nitrogen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), occurs throughout various phases of plant growth in association with biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the consequences of environmental stresses is disruption of homeostasis between production and scavenging of ROS and RNS, which leads to nitro-oxidative burst and affects other defense-related mechanisms, such as polyamines levels, phenolics, lignin and callose as defense components related to plant cell wall reinforcement. Although this subject has attracted huge interest, the cross-talk between these signaling molecules and iron, as a main metal element involved in the activity of various enzymes and numerous vital processes in the living cells, remains largely unexplored. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more in depth attention to the mechanisms of plant resistance against various environmental stimuli for designing novel and effective plant protection strategies. This review is focused on advances in recent knowledge related to the role of ROS, RNS, and association of these signaling molecules with iron in plant immunity. Furthermore, the role of cell wall fortification as a main physical barrier involved in plant defense have been discussed in association with reactive species and iron ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parissa Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ashraf MA, Rasheed R, Hussain I, Hafeez A, Adrees M, Rehman MZU, Rizwan M, Ali S. Effect of different seed priming agents on chromium accumulation, oxidative defense, glyoxalase system and mineral nutrition in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars. Environ Pollut 2022; 309:119769. [PMID: 35850318 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to appraise the role of different seed priming agents in circumventing the negative impact of chromium (Cr) toxicity on canola plants. Chromium toxicity resulted in significant decline in photosynthetic pigments and growth attributes of two canola cultivars (Puriga and MS-007). Cr toxicity also resulted in higher oxidative stress mirrored as greater accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) superoxide radical (O2•‒), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further, lipoxygenase enzyme activity that catalyzes the peroxidation of membrane lipids was also enhanced due to Cr toxicity. Canola plants also manifested impaired methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification due to the downregulation of glyoxalase enzymes (GlyI and II) under Cr stress. Seed priming treatments viz. osmo-priming with calcium chloride (CaCl2) and hormonal priming with salicylic acid (SA) remarkably improved growth and chlorophyll content in both canola cultivars under Cr toxicity as compared to other priming treatments such as hydro-priming, redox priming (H2O2) and chemical priming (Se; selenium). Moreover, CaCl2 and SA seed priming also resulted in lower oxidative stress and improved enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT, APX, GR, GST) and non-enzymatic (GSH, phenolics, flavonoids, proline) antioxidant system of both cultivars under Cr toxicity. Further, hormonal and osmo-priming strengthened glyoxalase and antioxidant systems, thus improving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MG detoxification. In this background, the cultivar Puriga is considered Cr tolerant as it exhibited better growth and lesser oxidative stress in both seed priming and non-primed conditions under Cr toxicity than cv. MS-007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Hafeez
- Department of Botany Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Salinas C, Espinosa G, Morales N, Henríquez C, Morán G, Gajardo G, Burgos RA, Uberti B. Evaluation of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cell functions after an oral carbohydrate overload in obese and insulin dysregulated horses. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 250:110455. [PMID: 35716440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin dysregulation (ID) are increasingly prevalent conditions in equid populations worldwide. Immune impairment is well described in humans with metabolic dysfunction and is reported but still incompletely understood in horses. This study evaluated the effect of acute induced transient hyperglycemia on apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) of lean and obese adult horses with or without insulin dysregulation. Seventeen adult horses were allocated into three groups based on their body condition score (BCS) and metabolic status: lean-insulin sensitive (lean-IS), obese-insulin sensitive (obese-IS) and obese-insulin dysregulated (obese-ID). ID was determined by insulin tolerance testing (ITT). Blood glucose elevation was induced through an infeed-oral glucose test (in-feed OGT), and all assessments of PMN functions (apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative burst) were done in vitro after isolation from peripheral blood before and 120 min after carbohydrate overload. Results were analyzed using a repeated measures linear mixed model with significance defined at P < 0.05. No differences in apoptosis were observed between experimental groups at any time point. Phagocytic capacity was significantly lower at baseline in the obese-ID group but increased in response to glucose administration when compared to the other two groups. Basal reactive oxygen species production in the obese-IS group differed significantly from the lean-IS and obese-ID groups and decreased significantly in response to glucose administration. Results from this study showed that both metabolic status itself, and oral glucose administration, seem to be factors that alter PMN functionality in horses, specifically phagocytosis and oxidative burst.
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Loyer C, Lapostolle A, Urbina T, Elabbadi A, Lavillegrand JR, Chaigneau T, Simoes C, Dessajan J, Desnos C, Morin-Brureau M, Chantran Y, Aucouturier P, Guidet B, Voiriot G, Ait-Oufella H, Elbim C. Impairment of neutrophil functions and homeostasis in COVID-19 patients: association with disease severity. Crit Care 2022; 26:155. [PMID: 35637483 PMCID: PMC9149678 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A dysregulated immune response is emerging as a key feature of critical illness in COVID-19. Neutrophils are key components of early innate immunity that, if not tightly regulated, contribute to uncontrolled systemic inflammation. We sought to decipher the role of neutrophil phenotypes, functions, and homeostasis in COVID-19 disease severity and outcome. Methods By using flow cytometry, this longitudinal study compares peripheral whole-blood neutrophils from 90 COVID-19 ICU patients with those of 22 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients hospitalized for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 38 healthy controls. We also assessed correlations between these phenotypic and functional indicators and markers of endothelial damage as well as disease severity. Results At ICU admission, the circulating neutrophils of the COVID-19 patients showed continuous basal hyperactivation not seen in CAP patients, associated with higher circulating levels of soluble E- and P-selectin, which reflect platelet and endothelial activation. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients had expanded aged-angiogenic and reverse transmigrated neutrophil subsets—both involved in endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Simultaneously, COVID-19 patients had significantly lower levels of neutrophil oxidative burst in response to bacterial formyl peptide. Moreover patients dying of COVID-19 had significantly higher expansion of aged-angiogenic neutrophil subset and greater impairment of oxidative burst response than survivors. Conclusions These data suggest that neutrophil exhaustion may be involved in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and identify angiogenic neutrophils as a potentially harmful subset involved in fatal outcome. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-022-04002-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Loyer
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Lapostolle
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Tomas Urbina
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Elabbadi
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chaigneau
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Coraly Simoes
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dessajan
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyrielle Desnos
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Chantran
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Aucouturier
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Guidet
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Voiriot
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carole Elbim
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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13
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Bunge A, Lugert V, McClure M, Kammann U, Hanel R, Scharsack JP. Less impact than suspected: Dietary exposure of three-spined sticklebacks to microplastic fibers does not affect their body condition and immune parameters. Sci Total Environ 2022; 819:153077. [PMID: 35038536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic fibers are frequent anthropogenic contaminants in most aquatic environments and have consequently been detected in the digestive tract of many fish species. Upon ingestion, microplastic fibers pose risks of interference with nutrient uptake, impaired intestinal health, and as a consequence may alter growth performance and fitness. In addition, foreign particles such as fibers might cause tissue irritations and stress, and thus interfere with immune parameters. In nature, fish regularly encounter microplastic fibers as well as fiber debris from natural sources and materials. Thus, we wanted to test the potential impact of microplastic fibers on growth, organosomatic indices, and immune parameters of subadult fish and compare these to possible effects caused by natural fibers. We administered sticklebacks diets, which were supplemented with either polyester or cotton fibers (each at concentrations of 0.2 mg/g and 2 mg/g feed) or a control diet without fiber supplementation for nine weeks. Mortalities did not occur and sticklebacks grew equally well across treatments. Neither organosomatic indices nor immune parameters revealed significant differences between treatments. While natural differences between males and females were observed for some parameters, no treatment-related gender-specific effects were detected. Our results suggest that the dietary uptake of polyester fibers does not affect growth, body condition, gonad development, and immunity of sticklebacks - even at fiber concentrations higher than what can be encountered in the wild. Furthermore, virgin microplastic fibers do not seem to affect fish differently than fibers from natural origin. The present study implies that at least some species are resilient towards pollution with (virgin) microplastic fibers even at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bunge
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstr. 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Vincent Lugert
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstr. 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Melissa McClure
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstr. 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstr. 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Reinhold Hanel
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstr. 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Jörn P Scharsack
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstr. 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
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14
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Parny M, Coste A, Aubouy A, Rahabi M, Prat M, Pipy B, Treilhou M. Differential immunomodulatory effects of six pesticides of different chemical classes on human monocyte-derived macrophage functions. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112992. [PMID: 35395341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides through eyes, skin, ingestion and inhalation may affects human health by interfering with immune cells, such as macrophages. We evaluated, in vitro, the effect of six pesticides widely used in apple arboriculture on the functions of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). hMDMs were cultured for 4 or 24 h with or without pesticides (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol.L-1). We showed that chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, thiophanate, boscalid, and captan had little toxic effect at the tested concentrations, while dithianon had low-cytotoxicity at 10 μmol.L-1. While boscalid showed no effect on hMDMs function, thiophanate (0.01 μmol.L-1) stimulated with TPA and thiacloprid (1, 10 μmol.L-1) stimulated with zymosan activated ROS production. Chlorpyrifos, dithianon, and captan inhibited ROS production and TNF-α, IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines. We established that dithianon (0.01-1 μmol.L-1) and captan (0.1, 1 μmol.L-1) induced mRNA expression of NQO1 and HMOX1 antioxidant enzymes. Dithianon also induced the mRNA expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase-2 at 10 μmol.L-1. Together, these results show that exposure to chlorpyrifos, dithianon, and captan induce immunomodulatory effects that may influence the disease fighting properties of monocytes/macrophages while pesticides such as thiacloprid, thiophanate and boscalid have little influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Parny
- EA7417, BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France; PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Coste
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mouna Rahabi
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Melissa Prat
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Bernard Pipy
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Treilhou
- EA7417, BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
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15
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Natasha N, Shahid M, Bibi I, Iqbal J, Khalid S, Murtaza B, Bakhat HF, Farooq ABU, Amjad M, Hammad HM, Niazi NK, Arshad M. Zinc in soil-plant-human system: A data-analysis review. Sci Total Environ 2022; 808:152024. [PMID: 34871690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in the physiology and biochemistry of plants due to its established essentiality and toxicity for living beings at certain Zn concentration i.e., deficient or toxic over the optimum range. Being a vital cofactor of important enzymes, Zn participates in plant metabolic processes therefore, alters the biophysicochemical processes mediated by Zn-related enzymes/proteins. Excess Zn can provoke oxidative damage by enhancing the levels of reactive radicals. Hence, it is imperative to monitor Zn levels and associated biophysicochemical roles, essential or toxic, in the soil-plant interactions. This data-analysis review has critically summarized the recent literature of (i) Zn mobility/phytoavailability in soil (ii) molecular understanding of Zn phytouptake, (iii) uptake and distribution in the plants, (iv) essential roles in plants, (v) phyto-deficiency and phytotoxicity, (vi) detoxification processes to scavenge Zn phytotoxicity inside plants, and (vii) associated health hazards. The review especially compares the essential, deficient and toxic roles of Zn in biophysicochemical and detoxification processes inside the plants. To conclude, this review recommends some Zn-related research perspectives. Overall, this review reveals a thorough representation of Zn bio-geo-physicochemical interactions in soil-plant system using recent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shreef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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16
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Zahid MA, Vetukuri RR, Andreasson E. A Quantitative Luminol-Based Assay for ROS Burst Detection in Potato Leaves in Response to Biotic Stimuli. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2536:395-402. [PMID: 35819616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2517-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling agents in plants and animals. They are involved in diverse processes, including activation of immune responses to pathogen infection. Biphasic detection of ROS in response to pathogen perception is becoming more popular even in important crops like potato as means of screening different germ plasms and mutants generated by for example CRISPR-Cas9 as well as identifying signaling pathways. Here we describe a detailed protocol for quantifying ROS bursts induced in potato leaf discs in response to a bacterial elicitor and Phytophthora infestans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Awais Zahid
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Ramesh R Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
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17
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Roy D, Adhikari S, Adhikari A, Ghosh S, Azahar I, Basuli D, Hossain Z. Impact of CuO nanoparticles on maize: Comparison with CuO bulk particles with special reference to oxidative stress damages and antioxidant defense status. Chemosphere 2022; 287:131911. [PMID: 34461334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to systematically investigate the particle size effects of copper (II) oxide [CuO nanoparticles (<50 nm) and CuO bulk particles (<10 μm)] on maize (Zea mays L.). Bioaccumulation of Cu, in vivo ROS generation, membrane damage, transcriptional modulation of antioxidant genes, cellular redox status of glutathione and ascorbate pool, expression patterns of COPPER TRANSPORTER 4 and stress responsive miRNAs (miR398a, miR171b, miR159f-3p) with their targets were investigated for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the extent of CuO nanoparticles and CuO bulk particles induced oxidative stress damages. More restricted seedling growth, comparatively higher membrane injury, marked decline in the levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids and severe oxidative burst were evident in CuO bulk particles challenged leaves. Dihydroethidium and CM-H2DCFDA staining further supported elevated reactive oxygen species generation in CuO bulk particles stressed roots. CuO bulk particles exposed seedlings accumulated much higher amount of Cu in roots as compared to CuO nanoparticles stressed plants with low root-to-shoot Cu translocation. Moderately high GR expression with maintenance of a steady GSH-GSSG ratio in CuO nanoparticles challenged leaves might be accountable for their rather improved performance under stressed condition. miR171b-mediated enhanced expression of SCARECROW 6 might participate in the marked decline of chlorophyll content in CuO bulk particles exposed leaves. Ineffective recycling of AsA pool is another decisive feature of inadequate performance of CuO bulk particles stressed seedlings in combating oxidative stress damages. Taken together, our findings revealed that toxicity of CuO bulk particles was higher than CuO nanoparticles and the adverse effects of CuO bulk particles on maize seedlings might be due to higher Cu ions dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyel Roy
- Plant Stress and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sinchan Adhikari
- Plant Stress and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Adhikari
- Plant Stress and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Supriya Ghosh
- Plant Stress and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Ikbal Azahar
- Plant Stress and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Debapriya Basuli
- Plant Stress and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Zahed Hossain
- Plant Stress and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India.
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18
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Těšický M, Krajzingrová T, Świderská Z, Syslová K, Bílková B, Eliáš J, Velová H, Svobodová J, Bauerová P, Albrecht T, Vinkler M. Longitudinal evidence for immunosenescence and inflammaging in free-living great tits. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111527. [PMID: 34428476 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The first-line effector mechanisms of immune defence, including inflammation and oxidative burst, contribute significantly to host-pathogen resistance. Whether these immune responses undergo age-related changes in birds remains unknown. Here, we tracked selected inflammatory parameters in 54 free-living great tits (Parus major) of known age, captured repeatedly over three consecutive years, with the aims to investigate long-term repeatability and age-dependent changes in cellular oxidative burst responsiveness upon in vitro stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to identify its relationships with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels and haematological traits. In addition, we linked these immunological traits to selected physiological markers (antioxidants and oxidative stress markers). LTB4 levels increased with age and we have shown a similar non-significant tendency also for absolute granulocyte counts, indicating propagating chronic inflammation over the bird's lifetime, consistent with the inflammaging hypothesis. In contrast, cellular oxidative burst followed a quadratic trend of dependency on age with a peak in midlife individuals, in line with the immunosenescence hypothesis. Interestingly, LTB4 levels were positively associated with general oxidative damage, but negatively with antioxidant glutathione peroxidase activity, indicating links to redox balance. This longitudinal study demonstrates the contrasting patterns of age-related changes in background and acute markers of pro-inflammatory immunity contributing to immunosenescence in birds and thus provides basis for interpretation of the tested inflammatory markers in cross-cohort datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Těšický
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Krajzingrová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Świderská
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslová
- Laboratory of Medicinal Diagnostics, Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Bílková
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Eliáš
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Velová
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodová
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bauerová
- Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Tušimice Observatory, Tušimice 6, Kadaň 432 01, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Albrecht
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, Brno 603 65, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
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19
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Pignattelli S, Broccoli A, Piccardo M, Terlizzi A, Renzi M. Effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics and acid rain on physiology and growth of Lepidium sativum. Environ Pollut 2021; 282:116997. [PMID: 33819777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the chronic toxicity (30 days) of different sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics (60-3000 μm) provided alone or in combination with acid rain, on garden cress (Lepidium sativum). Both biometrical and physiological traits have been evaluated: i) percentage inhibition of seed germination, plant height, leaf number and fresh biomass production; ii) oxidative stress responses (hydrogen peroxide; ascorbic acid and glutathione production); iii) impairment in photosynthetic machinery in term of pigments production; iv) aminolevulinic acid and proline production. Results highlighted that different sizes of PET, alone or in combination with acid rain, are able to negatively affect both biometrical and physiological plant traits. In particular, the lower size of microplastics is able to negatively affect growth and development, as well as to trigger the oxidative burst. Regarding the pigments production, PET coupled with acid rain, induced a higher production of Chl-b, and an inhibition of aminolevulinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pignattelli
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015, Orbetello, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, SI -5000, Rožna Dolina, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Andrea Broccoli
- Bioscience Research Center, Via Aurelia Vecchia, 32, 58015, Orbetello, Italy
| | - Manuela Piccardo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Terlizzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - Monia Renzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy.
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20
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Perez-Heras I, Tsilifis C, Slatter MA, Brynjólfsson SF, Haraldsson Á, Gennery AR. HSCT in two brothers with CGD arising from mutations in CYBC1 corrects the defect in neutrophil function. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108799. [PMID: 34280579 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous mutations in cytochrome b-245 chaperone 1 (CYBC1) have been recently described as causing recurrent infections and inflammatory disease in an Icelandic cohort and a patient from Saudi Arabia, by destabilising the dimerisation of gp91phox with p22phox, manifesting as phenotypic chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice in CGD, though experience of transplantation in this subtype of CGD is limited to a brief description in one patient. We provide clinical and transplant data for two Icelandic brothers with CGD due to homozygous p.Tyr2Ter mutations in CYBC1, demonstrating maintained cure of the immune defect 11 years post-transplant in one brother, and death in the peri-transplant period for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Perez-Heras
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Christo Tsilifis
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Mary A Slatter
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ásgeir Haraldsson
- Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Andrew R Gennery
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Victoria Wing, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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21
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Heyman L, Ferrarini E, Sanchez L, Barka EA, Höfte M. A sensitive chemiluminescence method for quantification of the oxidative burst in grapevine cells and rice roots. Plant Sci 2021; 307:110892. [PMID: 33902853 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Roots are prominent plant-microbe interaction sites and of great biological relevance for many studies. The root response is of interest when searching for potential systemic resistance inducers. Screening of elicitors often focuses on the oxidative burst, the rapid and transient production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). However, to our knowledge, no high-throughput, sensitive methods have been developed for the quantification of ROS released by roots. Here, we report on the development of an L-012-based chemiluminescence bioassay to quantitatively determine the oxidative burst following elicitation events in roots. Rice and grapevine were used as monocot and dicot models. We demonstrate that chitosan, a recognized elicitor in rice cells, was able to elicit ROS production in rice roots. Chitosan also triggered a strong oxidative burst in grapevine cell suspension cultures, while grapevine roots were not responsive. Although this method is broadly applicable, the L-012 probe requires careful consideration of solvents and plant species. Insufficient extracellular ROS, quenching, and the interference of solvents with the probe can undermine the assay sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Heyman
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Enrico Ferrarini
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- RIBP-EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- RIBP-EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
| | - Monica Höfte
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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Arve-Butler S, Schmidt T, Mossberg A, Berthold E, Gullstrand B, Bengtsson AA, Kahn F, Kahn R. Synovial fluid neutrophils in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis have an altered phenotype and impaired effector functions. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:109. [PMID: 33836809 PMCID: PMC8034063 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils are the most prevalent immune cells in the synovial fluid in inflamed joints of children with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Despite this, little is known about neutrophil function at the site of inflammation in JIA and how local neutrophils contribute to disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to characterize the phenotype and function of synovial fluid neutrophils in oligoarticular JIA. Methods Neutrophils obtained from paired blood and synovial fluid from patients with active oligoarticular JIA were investigated phenotypically (n = 17) and functionally (phagocytosis and oxidative burst, n = 13) by flow cytometry. In a subset of patients (n = 6), blood samples were also obtained during inactive disease at a follow-up visit. The presence of CD206-expressing neutrophils was investigated in synovial biopsies from four patients by immunofluorescence. Results Neutrophils in synovial fluid had an activated phenotype, characterized by increased CD66b and CD11b levels, and most neutrophils had a CD16hi CD62Llowaged phenotype. A large proportion of the synovial fluid neutrophils expressed CD206, a mannose receptor not commonly expressed by neutrophils but by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CD206-expressing neutrophils were also found in synovial tissue biopsies. The synovial fluid neutrophil phenotype was not dependent on transmigration alone. Functionally, synovial fluid neutrophils had reduced phagocytic capacity and a trend towards impaired oxidative burst compared to blood neutrophils. In addition, the effector functions of the synovial fluid neutrophils correlated negatively with the proportion of CD206+ neutrophils. Conclusions Neutrophils in the inflamed joint in oligoarticular JIA were altered, both regarding phenotype and function. Neutrophils in the synovial fluid were activated, had an aged phenotype, had gained monocyte-like features, and had impaired phagocytic capacity. The impairment in phagocytosis and oxidative burst was associated with the phenotype shift. We speculate that these neutrophil alterations might play a role in the sustained joint inflammation seen in JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Arve-Butler
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anki Mossberg
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Berthold
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Gullstrand
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Kahn
- Department of Infection Medicine, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin Kahn
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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23
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Szatmári Á, Móricz ÁM, Schwarczinger I, Kolozsváriné Nagy J, Alberti Á, Pogány M, Bozsó Z. A pattern-triggered immunity-related phenolic, acetosyringone, boosts rapid inhibition of a diverse set of plant pathogenic bacteria. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:153. [PMID: 33765920 PMCID: PMC7992983 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetosyringone (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone, AS) is a syringyl-type phenolic compound rarely found in plants in free form. It has been shown earlier to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas bacteria in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (AS mix). RESULTS We detected elevated levels of free AS in Nicotiana tabacum and N. benthamiana plants after inducing pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) by injecting bacterial elicitor flg22, or pathogenicity-mutant Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 hrcC- bacteria; but not after inoculations with compatible or incompatible pathogens at the time of PTI onset. In this study, we demonstrate that the antibacterial effect of the AS mix is general, as growth of several Gram-negative and -positive phytopathogenic bacteria was characteristically inhibited. The inhibition of bacterial metabolism by the AS mix was rapid, shown by the immediate drop of luminescence intensity of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 lx strain after addition of AS mix. The mechanism of the bacteriostatic effect was investigated using fluorescent reporter dye assays. SYTOX Green experiments supported others' previous findings that the AS mix does not result in membrane permeabilization. Moreover, we observed that the mode of action could be depolarization of the bacterial cell membrane, as shown by assays carried out with the voltage sensitive dye DIBAC4(3). CONCLUSIONS Level of free acetosyringone is elevated during plant PTI responses in tobacco leaves (N. tabacum and N. benthamiana). When combined with hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (AS mix), components of the mix act synergistically to inhibit bacterial metabolism and proliferation rapidly in a wide range of plant pathogens. This effect is related to depolarization rather than to permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane. Similar AS mixture to the in vivo model might form locally at sites of invading bacterial attachment to the plant cells and the presence of acetosyringone might have an important role in the inhibition of bacterial proliferation during PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Szatmári
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
- Present address: Chemical Biology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, ELKH Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes M Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Schwarczinger
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Judit Kolozsváriné Nagy
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Alberti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői St. 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Miklós Pogány
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bozsó
- Plant Protection Institute, ELKH Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó St. 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
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24
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Ghanem A, Melzer AM, Zaal E, Neises L, Baltissen D, Matar O, Glennemeier-Marke H, Almouhanna F, Theobald J, Abu El Maaty MA, Berkers C, Wölfl S. Ascorbate kills breast cancer cells by rewiring metabolism via redox imbalance and energy crisis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:196-209. [PMID: 33359260 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The idea to use megadoses of ascorbate (vitamin C) for cancer treatment has recently been revived. Despite clear efficacy in animal experimentation, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this treatment is still limited and suggests a combined oxidative and metabolic mechanism behind the selective cytotoxicity of ascorbate towards cancerous cells. To gain more insight into the cellular effects of high doses of ascorbate, we performed a detailed analysis of metabolic changes and cell survival of both luminal and basal-like breast cancer cells treated with ascorbate and revealed a distinctive metabolic shift virtually reversing the Warburg effect and triggering a severe disruption of redox homeostasis. High doses of ascorbate were cytotoxic against MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cells representing luminal and basal-like breast cancer phenotypes. Cell death was dependent on ascorbate-induced oxidative stress and accumulation of ROS, DNA damage, and depletion of essential intracellular co-factors including NAD+/NADH, associated with a multifaceted metabolic rewiring. This included a sharp disruption of glycolysis at the triose phosphate level, a rapid drop in ATP levels, and redirection of metabolites toward lipid droplet accumulation and increased metabolites and enzymatic activity in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). High doses of ascorbate also inhibited the TCA cycle and increased oxygen consumption. Together the severe disruptions of the intracellular metabolic homeostasis on multiple levels "redox crisis and energetic catastrophe" consequently trigger a rapid irreversible cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ghanem
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Melzer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Esther Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Neises
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Danny Baltissen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Omar Matar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Jannick Theobald
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Celia Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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25
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Peters LP, Teixeira-Silva NS, Bini AP, Silva MML, Moraes N, Crestana GS, Creste S, Azevedo RA, Carvalho G, Monteiro-Vitorello CB. Differential responses of genes and enzymes associated with ROS protective responses in the sugarcane smut fungus. Fungal Biol 2020; 124:1039-51. [PMID: 33213784 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum causes sugarcane smut disease. We have previously shown that resistant sugarcane plants induce ROS, coinciding with a delay in fungal colonization. Here, we investigated whether the fungus modifies the enzymatic antioxidant system in vitro and when colonizing sugarcane tissues in response to ROS. In vitro, the exposure to ROS did not affect cell integrity, and a combination of superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT) were active. In vitro, the fungus did not alter the expression of the transcriptional regulator Yap1 and the effector Pep1. The fungus activated distinct enzymes when colonizing plant tissues. Instead of CAT, S. scitamineum induced glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) expression only when colonizing smut-resistant plants. Yap1 had an earlier expression in both smut-susceptible and -resistant plants, with no apparent correlation with the expression of antioxidant genes sod, cat, gpx, or external redox imbalance. The expression of the effector pep1 was induced only in smut-resistant plants, potentially in response to ROS. These results collectively suggest that S. scitamineum copes with oxidative stress by inducing different mechanisms depending on the conditions (in vitro/in planta) and intensity of ROS. Moreover, the effector Pep1 is responsive to the stress imposed only by the sugarcane resistant genotype.
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26
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Jørgensen SE, Al-Mousawi A, Assing K, Hartling U, Grosen D, Fisker N, Nielsen C, Jakobsen MA, Mogensen TH. STK4 Deficiency Impairs Innate Immunity and Interferon Production Through Negative Regulation of TBK1-IRF3 Signaling. J Clin Immunol 2020; 41:109-124. [PMID: 33078349 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND STK4 deficiency due to homozygous mutations in the STK4 gene encoding the STK4/MST1 kinase was first described in 2012. STK4/MST1 kinase regulates cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and immune responses through canonical and non-canonical Hippo signaling pathways. OBJECTIVE We describe an 11-year-old girl with a clinical presentation consisting of severe recurrent herpes zoster, chronic warts, and recurrent pneumonias, as well as a somatic phenotype with hypothyroidism and low stature. Whole exome sequencing revealed STK4 deficiency due to homozygosity for a novel frameshift variant in STK4, c.523dupA, p.(L174fsTer45), resulting in a premature stop codon within the kinase domain. METHODS We performed a thorough investigation of the genetics and innate and adaptive immunological abnormalities in STK4 deficiency. RESULTS We show significantly impaired type I, II, and III interferon (IFN) responses and partly reduced proinflammatory cytokine responses to ligands of Toll-like receptor (TLR)3, TLR9, and the cytosolic RNA and DNA sensors as well as to microorganisms. Impaired IFN responses could be attributed to reduced phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3. Moreover, virus infection induced enhanced cell death by apoptosis. Importantly, autophagy pathways were slightly disturbed, with enhanced LC3B-Ito LCB3-II conversion at the single cell level but normal overall formation of LCB3 punctae. Finally, the patient displayed some indicators of impaired adaptive immunity in the form of insufficient vaccination responses, T cell lymphopenia, and reduced Treg fractions, although with largely normal T cell proliferation and normal IFNg production. CONCLUSION Here, we demonstrate disturbances in various immune cell populations and pathways involved in innate immune responses, cell death, autophagy, and adaptive immunity in a patient homozygous for a novel STK4 frameshift mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie E Jørgensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ali Al-Mousawi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian Assing
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hartling
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Grosen
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Fisker
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne A Jakobsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine H Mogensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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27
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Grünert SC, Elling R, Maag B, Wortmann SB, Derks TGJ, Hannibal L, Schumann A, Rosenbaum-Fabian S, Spiekerkoetter U. Improved inflammatory bowel disease, wound healing and normal oxidative burst under treatment with empagliflozin in glycogen storage disease type Ib. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:218. [PMID: 32838757 PMCID: PMC7446198 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) is a rare inborn error of glycogen metabolism due to mutations in SLC37A4. Besides a severe form of fasting intolerance, the disorder is usually associated with neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction causing serious infections, inflammatory bowel disease, oral, urogenital and perianal lesions as well as impaired wound healing. Recently, SGLT2 inhibitors such as empagliflozin that reduce the plasma levels of 1,5-anhydroglucitol have been described as a new treatment option for the neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in patients with GSD Ib. Results We report on a 35-year-old female patient with GSD Ib who had been treated with G-CSF for neutropenia since the age of 9. She had a large chronic abdominal wound as a consequence of recurrent operations due to complications of her inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment with 20 mg empagliflozin per day resulted in normalisation of the neutrophil count and neutrophil function even after termination of G-CSF. The chronic abdominal wound that had been unchanged for 2 years before the start of empagliflozin nearly closed within 12 weeks. No side effects of empagliflozin were observed. Conclusion SGLT2 inhibitors are a new and probably safe treatment option for GSD Ib-associated neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction. We hypothesize that restoration of neutrophil function and normalisation of neutrophil apoptosis leads to improvement of wound healing and ameliorates symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Roland Elling
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Maag
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria.,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anke Schumann
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rosenbaum-Fabian
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Paediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Mathildenstraße 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Alipour R, Motedayyen H, Sereshki N, Rafiee M, Alsahebfosul F, Pourazar A. Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Affect the Functions of Neutrophils. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:212-220. [PMID: 32323513 PMCID: PMC7378904 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives As a stem cell group, Human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) have numerous advantages over their embryonic and adult counterparts for therapeutic utility. They are closer to clinical applications compared to other stem cell types. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of HAECs toward several immune cells have been shown previously. Nevertheless, despite the ever-increasing importance of neutrophils in the immune and non-immune processes, a few studies investigated the interaction of neutrophils and HAECs. To increase the current knowledge of HAECs immunology which is necessary for optimizing their future clinical applications, here we explored the effect of HAECs on two chief neutrophil functions; respiratory burst and phagocytosis. Methods and Results Freshly isolated human blood neutrophils were co-cultured with different number of HAECs for about 24 or 48 hours, then the oxidative burst and phagocytosis of stimulated neutrophils were assessed and compared. The results demonstrated a substantial elevation in the phagocytosis percentage, conversely a significant reduction in the oxidative burst of HAECs-cocultured neutrophils. These effects were dose-dependent, but did not show similar patterns. Likewise, the elongation of coculture period inversely influenced the HAECs-induced effects on the two neutrophil functions. Conclusions The present study, for the first time, investigated the HAECs-mediated effects on the two main neutrophil functions. The findings suggest that HAECs by enhancement of phagocytic ability and simultaneously, attenuation of oxidative burst capacity of neutrophils protect the fetus from both microbial treats and oxidative stress and their consequent inflammation; thus corroborate the current anti-inflammatory vision of HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Alipour
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sereshki
- Department of Immunology, Asadabad School of Medical Science, Asadabad, Iran
| | - Mitra Rafiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Immunology, Medical School, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Alsahebfosul
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Pourazar
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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29
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Parny M, Bernad J, Prat M, Salon M, Aubouy A, Bonnafé E, Coste A, Pipy B, Treilhou M. Comparative study of the effects of ziram and disulfiram on human monocyte-derived macrophage functions and polarization: involvement of zinc. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:379-400. [PMID: 32712770 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-020-09540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ziram, a zinc dithiocarbamate is widely used worldwide as a fungicide in agriculture. In order to investigate ziram-induced changes in macrophage functions and polarization, human monocytes-derived macrophages in culture were treated with ziram at 0.01-10 μmol.L-1 for 4-24 h. To characterize zinc involvement in these changes, we also determined the effects of disulfiram alone (dithiocarbamate without zinc) or in co-incubation with ZnSO4. We have shown that ziram and disulfiram at 0.01 μmol.L-1 increased zymosan phagocytosis. In contrast, ziram at 10 μmol.L-1 completely inhibited this phagocytic process, the oxidative burst triggered by zymosan and the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 triggered by LPS. Disulfiram had the same effects on these macrophages functions only when combined with zinc (10 μmol.L-1). In contrast, at 10 μmol.L-1 ziram and zinc associated-disulfiram induced expression of several antioxidants genes HMOX1, SOD2, and catalase, which could suggest the induction of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress could be involved in the increase in late apoptosis induced by ziram (10 μmol.L-1) and zinc associated-disulfiram. Concerning gene expression profiles of membrane markers of macrophage polarization, ziram at 10 μmol.L-1 had two opposite effects. It inhibited the gene expression of M2 markers (CD36, CD163) in the same way as the disulfiram-zinc co-treatment. Conversely, ziram induced gene expression of other M2 markers CD209, CD11b, and CD16 in the same way as treatment with zinc alone. Disulfiram-zinc association had no significant effects on these markers. These results taken together show that ziram via zinc modulates macrophages to M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype which is often associated with various diseases.
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30
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Almutairi A, Zaman F, Day-Lewis M, Tsitsikov E, Reiter A, Xue K, Geha RS, Chou J, Yee CSK. Acetaminophen Inhibits the Neutrophil Oxidative Burst: Implications for Diagnostic Testing. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2020; 8:3543-3548. [PMID: 32707237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic granulomatous disease is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, granuloma formation, and inflammatory disease. Impaired neutrophil oxidative function is an essential diagnostic criterion. In vitro exposure of neutrophils to acetaminophen, a commonly used over-the-counter medication, has been associated with reduced neutrophil oxidative function. The clinical implications of acetaminophen intake for dihydrorhodamine (DHR) testing remain unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of in vivo administration of therapeutic doses of acetaminophen on DHR diagnostic testing. METHODS We performed DHR testing in 15 healthy adults before and after administering a single dose of acetaminophen. We retrospectively reviewed 195 DHR test results from hospitalized patients who had received acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, or corticosteroid before testing. RESULTS DHR testing result was abnormal in 100% (n = 15) of healthy adults 2 hours after acetaminophen intake. We identified 195 instances of DHR testing less than or equal to 72 hours after acetaminophen ingestion in hospitalized patients who did not have chronic granulomatous disease. DHR results were abnormal in 43 of 195 cases (22.1%). Frequency of false-positive testing was increased in patients who received acetaminophen within 24 hours of testing, and in patients who received more than 1 dose of acetaminophen. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and corticosteroid intakes were not associated with abnormal DHR result. CONCLUSIONS Patients treated with acetaminophen have decreased neutrophil oxidative burst as measured by DHR testing. To avoid falsely abnormal testing for chronic granulomatous disease, patients should be advised to avoid acetaminophen for at least 24 hours before DHR testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Zaman
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | | | | | | | - Kanyun Xue
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Raif S Geha
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Janet Chou
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Christina S K Yee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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Laskowska E, Jarosz ŁS, Grądzki Z. Effect of the EM Bokashi® Multimicrobial Probiotic Preparation on the Non-specific Immune Response in Pigs. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 11:1264-77. [PMID: 30187429 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of EM Bokashi® on the phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes, oxidative burst, SWC3, and CD11b + CD18+ expression on monocytes and granulocytes, and the serum concentration of cytokine and lysozyme in pig. 60 Sixty female piglets were divided into two groups: I – control and II – experimental. For the experimental group, a probiotic in the form of the preparation EM Bokashi® was added to the basal feed. Flow cytometry was used to determine selected non-specific immune response parameters, intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by peripheral granulocytes and monocytes, and surface particles in peripheral blood. The EM Bokashi® preparation used in the study was found to increase phagocytic activity mainly in monocytes, with an increased percentage of phagocytic cells in the experimental group. The highest serum lysozyme concentration in the piglets in the experimental group (2.89 mg/dl), was noted on day 42 of the study. In the group of pigs receiving EM Bokashi®, the percentage of phagocytic cells with SWC3 (monocyte/granulocyte) expression was statistically significantly higher than in the control. The increase in the number of cells with SWC3 (monocyte/granulocyte) expression in the peripheral circulation in combination with the greater capacity of the cells for phagocytosis and respiratory burst confirms that the non-specific immune response was modulated in the pigs supplemented with EM Bokashi®.
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Salinas C, Espinosa G, Morales N, Henríquez C, Morán G, Gajardo G, Uberti B. Assessment of peripheral blood neutrophil respiratory burst, phagocytosis and apoptosis in obese non-insulin dysregulated horses. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:127-132. [PMID: 32563928 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a highly prevalent condition in horses. Dysfunctional neutrophil activity has been reported in metabolically healthy obese humans, but minimal data exist regarding horses. The present study evaluated the effect of obesity on apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of peripheral blood neutrophils from lean and obese non-insulin dysregulated horses. Seven lean (BCS, body condition score 4-6/9) and five obese (BCS 8-9) horses were enrolled in the study. All animals underwent two metabolic tests (OGT, oral glucose test; IRT, insulin response test) before their selection to ensure their metabolic status (non-insulin dysregulated). A single blood sample was obtained from each horse, and a discontinuous density gradient was carried out to isolate neutrophils. Phagocytosis, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assays were performed for each animal. All statistical analyses were performed with unpaired two-tailed t-tests. Results indicate that neutrophils from obese non-insulin dysregulated horses have a significantly increased ROS production (P < .0001), with no changes observed on phagocytosis (P > .05) or apoptosis (P > .05) when compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that obesity per se, in absence of other endocrine disorders, alters neutrophil reactive oxygen species production. More research is needed to understand the role of obesity on the equine immune system of horses, and its role in the development of endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Salinas
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Espinosa
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Natalia Morales
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Benjamin Uberti
- Instituto de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Allison LN, Jaffey JA, Bradley-Siemens N, Tao Z, Thompson M, Backus RC. Immune function and serum vitamin D in shelter dogs: A case-control study. Vet J 2020; 261:105477. [PMID: 32741494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to establish a baseline understanding of immune function and its association with serum vitamin D in shelter dogs. Ten apparently healthy shelter dogs housed in the Arizona Humane Society for ≥7 days and 10 apparently healthy, age, breed, and sex-matched control dogs were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), the major circulating vitamin D metabolite, was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Whole blood samples were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid, or phosphate buffer solution, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay. Phagocytosis of opsonized-Escherichia coli and E. coli-induced oxidative burst were evaluated with flow cytometry. Shelter dogs had decreased percentages of granulocytes and monocytes (GM) that had phagocytized opsonized-E coli (P = 0.019) and performed E. coli-induced oxidative burst (P = 0.011). There were no significant differences in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, or 25(OH)D concentrations between shelter and control dogs. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations had a weak positive association with the intensity of GM E. coli-induced oxidative burst (r2 = 0.23, P = 0.03). There was a moderate inverse association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and LPS-stimulated TNF-ɑ production in shelter dogs (r2 = 0.40, P = 0.04). These results demonstrate immune dysregulation in vitro in shelter dogs housed for ≥7 days when compared to age, breed, and sex-matched control dogs. While serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not differ between shelter and control dogs, significant associations between 25(OH)D concentration and immune function parameters in vitro were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Allison
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - J A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - N Bradley-Siemens
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Z Tao
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - M Thompson
- Arizona Humane Society, 9226 N 13th Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85021, USA
| | - R C Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Gálvez I, Torres-Piles S, Ortega E. Effect of mud-bath therapy on the innate/inflammatory responses in elderly patients with osteoarthritis: a discussion of recent results and a pilot study on the role of the innate function of monocytes. Int J Biometeorol 2020; 64:927-935. [PMID: 31218395 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings from our laboratory highlight the role of the modulation of the innate immune function and systemic inflammatory response in the effectiveness of balneotherapy in rheumatic diseases, specifically in elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Immune-neuroendocrine and stress mediators are involved in these effects. The 'bioregulatory effect of balneotherapy' has also been recently proposed as a mechanism of effectiveness that consists of a reduction in systemic pro-inflammatory mediators together with the achievement of an optimal innate response through stimulation (or at least lack of impairment) of the innate defences against pathogens (i.e. phagocytosis, microbicide activity) mediated by neutrophils, also generating immunophysiological adaptations through an optimal balance between the pro- and the anti-inflammatory responses in which regulatory T cells seem to have a crucial role. In the present paper, we aim to analyse the main conclusions related to how balneotherapy with the use of peloids (pelotherapy) affects the innate and inflammatory responses, constituting an immunophysiological mechanism underlying the proven clinical benefits of this intervention. We also introduce novel results regarding the innate response (phagocytic process) of monocytes in this therapy, an inflammatory cell that has not yet been studied in this context. Increased chemotaxis together with a decline in oxidative burst, without changes in phagocytosis, could be the main response induced by this modality of balneological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gálvez
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06071, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz, Spain
| | - Silvia Torres-Piles
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz, Spain
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Department of Medical-Surgical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- Immunophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06071, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Badajoz, Spain.
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Chuangchot N, Boonthongkaew C, Phoksawat W, Jumnainsong A, Leelayuwat C, Leelayuwat N. Oral vitamin C treatment increases polymorphonuclear cell functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control. Nutr Res 2020; 79:50-9. [PMID: 32610257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control. We hypothesized that oral vitamin C treatment improves PMN cell functions. Patients (14) received either a vitamin C (1000 mg/d) or placebo (anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate) tablet for 6 weeks and were subjected to a 6-week washout period followed by a 6-week treatment crossover period. Blood samples were collected at pretreatment and posttreatment for PMN cell functions (by flow cytometry) and plasma vitamin C concentration. Phagocytosis was examined by incubating whole blood samples with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, and oxidative burst was simultaneously evaluated by adding hydroethidine. In comparison with placebo, vitamin C increased both PMN cell phagocytosis (pretreatment: placebo, 17.8% ± 1.6% and vitamin C, 19.0% ± 3.4%, P = .70; posttreatment: placebo, 16.6% ± 1.7% and vitamin C, 27.1% ± 2.9%, P = .005) and oxidative burst (pretreatment: placebo, 6.4% ± 0.8% and vitamin C, 7.1% ± 1.2%, P = .60; posttreatment: placebo, 6.9% ± 1.3% and vitamin C, 12.1% ± 1.6%, P = .02). The plasma vitamin C concentration was elevated after vitamin C treatment as compared with that before treatment (P < .001) and was higher than that observed in the placebo treatment group (P < .01). Plasma vitamin C concentration and PMN cell functions were not significantly different before both treatments. We conclude that the 6-week 1000-mg/d vitamin C increased PMN phagocytosis and oxidative burst in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control.
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Yin K, Cui Y, Qu Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Lin H. Hydrogen sulfide upregulates miR-16-5p targeting PiK3R1 and RAF1 to inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation in chickens. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 194:110412. [PMID: 32155482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic air pollutant that causes immune damage. Recent studies have found that neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is one way in which neutrophils exert immune functions. In addition, the formation of NETs is also related to thrombosis and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of a variety of pathophysiological processes. Here, we investigated the role of H2S in regulating the formation of NETs by affecting miR-16-5p. Our study established an in vitro H2S exposure model for neutrophils using phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA) to induce NET formation. We observed the morphological changes of cells with scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Then, the content of extracellular DNA and the expression of MPO and NE in each group were detected. The results showed that H2S inhibited the formation of NETs. The expression of miR-16-5p and its target genes PiK3R1 and RAF1 was then measured by qRT-PCR. H2S upregulated miR-16-5p and inhibited expression of the target genes PiK3R1 and RAF1, and it subsequently inhibited the Pi3K/AKT and ERK pathways and decreased respiratory burst levels. Furthermore, H2S attenuated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum calcium outflow as well as autophagy caused by PMA. This study enriches H2S immunotoxicity research and provides a possible solution for the treatment of NET-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Number 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yingying Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jinxi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Number 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Hongjin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
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Lu K, Cheng Y, Li W, Li Y, Zeng R, Song Y. Activation of CncC pathway by ROS burst regulates cytochrome P450 CYP6AB12 responsible for λ-cyhalothrin tolerance in Spodoptera litura. J Hazard Mater 2020; 387:121698. [PMID: 31791865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Frequent insecticide use poses an environmental hazard and also selects for insecticide tolerance. Increased metabolic detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) is the most common mechanism of insecticide tolerance. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. We studied the midgut-specific P450 gene, CYP6AB12, associated with λ-cyhalothrin tolerance. Its regulatory pathway was investigated in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). P450 activities and CYP6AB12 transcript levels increased after λ-cyhalothrin exposure. Inhibiting P450 activities with piperonyl butoxide and silencing CYP6AB12 by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection decreased larval tolerance to λ-cyhalothrin. λ-Cyhalothrin exposure induced the expression of the cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC) and muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (Maf), increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities. CncC knockdown by dsRNA feeding suppressed CYP6AB12 expression and decreased larval tolerance to λ-cyhalothrin. In contrast, application of the CncC agonist curcumin induced CYP6AB12 expression and enhanced insecticide tolerance. Ingestion of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine reduced H2O2 accumulation, suppressed the expression of CncC, Maf and CYP6AB12 and led to increased larval susceptibility to λ-cyhalothrin. The results demonstrate that in S. litura, λ-cyhalothrin induces cytochrome P450 CYP6AB12 via elicitation of the ROS burst and activation of the CncC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yibei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Wenru Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.
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D'Andrea A, Canora A, Sperlongano S, Galati D, Zanotta S, Polistina GE, Nicoletta C, Ghinassi G, Galderisi M, Zamparelli AS, Lancellotti P, Bocchino M. Subclinical impairment of dynamic left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:76. [PMID: 32223761 PMCID: PMC7103071 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia affects myocardial oxygen supply resulting in subclinical cardiac dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, with cardiovascular complications being associated with increased oxidative burst (OB). The aims of our study were to assess left ventricular (LV) dynamic myocardial deformation and diastolic reserve at rest and upon exercise, along with OB determination in this patients subset. Methods Conventional echocardiography, Doppler myocardial imaging and LV 2D speckle tracking echocardiography were performed in 55 OSA patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF) and 35 age and sex-comparable healthy controls. Peripheral OB levels were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Despite comparable LVEF, LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly reduced in OSA at rest (− 13.4 ± 3.8 vs − 18.4 ± 3.3 in controls, P < 0.001) and at peak exercise (− 15.8 ± 2.6 vs − 23.4 ± 4.3, P < 0.001). Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and E/E′ ratios increase during effort were higher in OSA than in controls (ΔsPAP 44.3% ± 6.4 vs 32.3% ± 5.5, P < 0.0001, and ΔE/E’ 87.5% ± 3.5 vs 25.4% ± 3.3, P < 0.0001, respectively). The best correlate of E/E′ at peak stress was peak exertion capacity (r = − 0.50, P < 0.001). OB was also increased in OSA patients (P = 0.001) but, unlike OSA severity, was not associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions Evaluation of diastolic function and myocardial deformation during exercise is feasible through stress echocardiography. OSA patients with preserved LVEF show subclinical LV systolic dysfunction, impaired LV systolic and diastolic reserve, reduced exercise tolerance, and increased peripheral levels of OB. Therapy aimed at increasing LV diastolic function reserve might improve the quality of life and exercise tolerability in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello D'Andrea
- Unit of Cardiology and Intensive Care, Umberto I Hospital, Viale San Francesco, 84014, Nocera Inferiore (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Angelo Canora
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Medicine Section, Federico II University (at Monaldi Hospital), Via L. Bianchi, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Galati
- Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Haematology and Innovative Therapies, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Zanotta
- Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Haematology and Innovative Therapies, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Emanuele Polistina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Medicine Section, Federico II University (at Monaldi Hospital), Via L. Bianchi, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletta
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Medicine Section, Federico II University (at Monaldi Hospital), Via L. Bianchi, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ghinassi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Medicine Section, Federico II University (at Monaldi Hospital), Via L. Bianchi, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Galderisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital Via S. Pansini 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sanduzzi Zamparelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Medicine Section, Federico II University (at Monaldi Hospital), Via L. Bianchi, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marialuisa Bocchino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Medicine Section, Federico II University (at Monaldi Hospital), Via L. Bianchi, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Silva TH, Celestino ML, Menta PR, Neves RC, Ballou MA, Machado VS. Associations between circulating levels of natural antibodies, total serum immunoglobulins, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in early postpartum dairy cows. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 222:110026. [PMID: 32120071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between natural antibodies (NAbs) and total serum immunoglobulins (Igs) concentrations (both from IgG and IgM isotypes), with variables of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function of dairy cows in the early postpartum period. Seventy-five healthy postpartum dairy cows at 2 ± 1 days in milk were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Natural and total antibodies in serum samples were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to determine the phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacities of PMN and the quantification of the adhesion molecule l-selectin. Leukocyte count and differentials, and serum haptoglobin were also measured. A positive correlation between NAbsIgM and total serum IgM and between NAbsIgM and NAbsIgG were found. Before performing the associations between circulating Igs concentrations and PMN function variables, cows were categorized into having low, medium or high circulating antibodies based on their NAbs and total Igs serum concentrations. None of the PMN variables assessed differed between low, medium, and high cows for both NAbsIgM and NAbsIgG. While associations between PMNs function and total IgG were not observed, some associations between total IgM concentrations and PMN activity were found. Cows with high serum IgM had greater phagocytic activity compared to cows in the low IgM group. Finally, the proportion of PMN that performed oxidative burst and PMN surface expression of l-selectin intensity was greater in high total IgM group when compared to medium and low groups. In conclusion, association between NAbs, and PMN activity variables were not observed, but total serum IgM was associated to some PMN function variables in early post-partum dairy cows.
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Ataollahi F, Friend M, McGrath S, Dutton G, Peters A, Bhanugopan M. Maternal supplementation of twin bearing ewes with calcium and magnesium alters immune status and weight gain of their lambs. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 9:100097. [PMID: 32734107 PMCID: PMC7386757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant ewes have an impaired immune system at around one week prior to lambing and at lambing time. Calcium and magnesium supplementation improved antioxidant capacity of growing lambs. Calcium and magnesium supplementation improved leukocyte functions in newborn lambs. Calcium and magnesium supplementation improved live weight gain of lambs from birth to 4 weeks after birth.
This study investigated the effect of supplementation of ewes with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in late gestation and early lactation on the plasma mineral concentration, hormone profile and immunity responses of ewes and their lambs. Twin bearing ewes were allocated between four dietary treatment groups (n = 11 per treatment): control (0.33% DM Ca and 0.28% DM Mg); high Ca (0.72% DM Ca and 0.28% DM Mg); high Mg (0.33% DM Ca, 0.48% DM Mg); and high Ca+Mg (0.66% DM Ca and 0.47% DM Mg), offered as part of a whole ration. Ewes were fed the treatment supplement from around one month prior to lambing to one month after lactation. Blood and urine samples were collected at seven time-points: weekly starting at 5 weeks prior to lambing; within 12 h post lambing (+12 h); and then at fortnightly intervals at 2 week (+2 W) and at 4 week (+4 W) post lambing. Colostrum/milk samples from ewes and blood samples from lambs were collected at +12 h, +2 W and +4 W. Live weight of lambs were measured at +12 h, +2 W and +4 W. The plasma concentration of PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 25(OH)D3 was lowest at +2 W (P ≤ 0.002). Ewes from the Ca+Mg group had the lowest mean concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 than the other groups (P = 0.005). Magnesium supplementation improved the plasma Mg concentration over time in ewes (P < 0.001) and lambs from the control group had lower plasma Mg concentration compared to the treatment groups at +4 W (P = 0.001). Oxidative burst response in lambs supplemented with Ca tended to be greater at +4 W than the other groups at the same time point (P = 0.051) and Mg supplementation increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration in lambs (P = 0.040). The average daily weight gain of lambs was 204 g/lamb/d for the Ca group, 207 g/lamb/d for the Mg group, 245 g/lamb/d for the Ca+Mg group which were greater than the control group (148 g/lamb/d) (P < 0.001). Despite the normal concentration of Ca and Mg in the plasma, supplementation of ewes with Ca and Mg from one month prior to lambing to one month post lambing improved TAC concentration and weight gain in lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Ataollahi
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.,New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, Agriculture Institute, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Michael Friend
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Shawn McGrath
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Geoff Dutton
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Andrew Peters
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Marie Bhanugopan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.,Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Nowak K, Jabłońska E, Radziwon P, Ratajczak-Wrona W. Identification of a novel target for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals: inhibitory effect of methylparaben on human neutrophil functions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:6540-6548. [PMID: 31873886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to verify a hypothesis that immune cells are a target for the action of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) by investigating whether methylparaben (MeP) modulates human neutrophil functions. Neutrophils isolated from 15 donor samples were studied. Cells were incubated in the presence of increasing MeP concentrations (0.06, 0.8, 10, and 20 μM). The cytotoxic effect of MeP on neutrophils was evaluated by the MTT test. The ability of the neutrophils for chemotaxis, phagocytosis, NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide anion generation was assessed in Boyden's chamber, Park's method with latex, the NBT test, and the cytochrome C reduction test, respectively. The total nitric oxide (NO) concentration was measured by the Griess reaction. There was no observable cytotoxic effect of MeP on human neutrophils. MeP (10 and 20 μM) exposure decreased neutrophilic ability for the tested functions, except for NO production. In neutrophils incubated with MeP (0.8 μM as well as 0.06 and 0.8 μM, respectively), we observed a decreased activity of NADPH oxidase as well as decreased generation of superoxide anion. Our results suggest a suppressive effect of MeP on the tested functions of human neutrophils, which confirms that immune cells are vulnerable to EDC action. Therefore, the disturbance of neutrophils' oxygen-dependent phagocytic function as a result of exposure to environmental doses of MeP action could lead to impairment of innate immune responses in humans exposed to xenoestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wioletta Ratajczak-Wrona
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland
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Mendez N, Alarcón P, Millán C, Burgos RA, Morera FJ, Ojeda J. Vincristine, carboplatin and cisplatin increase oxidative burst induced by PAF in canine neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 221:110011. [PMID: 32007672 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelosupression resulting from chemotherapy has been widely described in veterinary medicine; however, there is limited information relating to alterations in neutrophil function after chemotherapy in dogs with cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the non-proliferative effects of vincristine, carboplatin, and cisplatin on canine neutrophils by evaluating activation of oxidative and non-oxidative responses. Neutrophils were isolated from venous blood. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured in vitro during neutrophil exposure to these chemotherapeutic agents for 15 min followed by stimulation with platelet activating factor (PAF). ROS production was detected via luminescence, and MMP- 9 liberation was determined by zymography. The chemotherapeutic agents caused an increase in PAF-induced ROS production, but no change in the non-oxidative response was observed. These results suggest that these chemotherapeutic agents may act as priming agents by increasing the oxidative response. These effects could be beneficial for dogs with cancer by supporting their immune systems; however, excessive ROS liberation has been associated with inflammation, neutrophil-mediated cell injury, carcinogenesis, and metastasis. Clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Mendez
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Catalina Millán
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; School of Medicine, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Ojeda
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Pereira-Crott LS, Casare-Ogasawara TM, Ambrosio L, Chaim LFP, de Morais FR, Cintra ACO, Canicoba NC, Tucci LFF, Torqueti MR, Sampaio SV, Marzocchi-Machado CM, Castro FAD. Bothrops moojeni venom and BmooLAAO-I downmodulate CXCL8/IL-8 and CCL2/MCP-1 production and oxidative burst response, and upregulate CD11b expression in human neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106154. [PMID: 31962250 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bothrops snake venoms contain biologically active components, including L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) that induce significant leukocyte accumulation at inflammatory sites characterized by early neutrophil infiltration. As it remains unclear how snake venoms modulate neutrophil activation and chemokine production, here we examined whether Bothrops moojeni crude venom (BmV) and its LAAO (BmooLAAO-I) affect expression of the surface activation markers CD11b and CD66b, production of the chemokines CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL9/MIG, and CXCL-10/IP-10, and activation of oxidative burst in human neutrophils. Cell viability, expression of activation markers, and chemokine production were assessed by flow cytometry, while the oxidative burst response was measured by chemiluminescence. BmV at 50 and 75 µg/mL reduced CXCL8/IL-8 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively) and CCL2/MCP-1 production (p < 0.05), while BmooLAAO-I at the same concentrations reduced only CCL2/MCP-1 production (p < 0.01). These effects were accompanied by CD11b upregulation (p < 0.05 for 50 and 75 µg/mL BmV; p < 0.01 for 50 and 75 µg/mL BmooLAAO-I) and CD66b downregulation (p < 0.05 for 50 and 75 µg/mL BmV). Both BmV and BmooLAAO-I at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 5 µg/mL suppressed the oxidative burst of neutrophils stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, while BmooLAAO-I at 2.5 and 5 µg/mL also suppressed the neutrophil response stimulated with opsonized zymosan. Considering that neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, the findings reported herein indicate that BmV and BmooLAAO-I are potential immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Simon Pereira-Crott
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Mara Casare-Ogasawara
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ambrosio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Princi Chaim
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Rosseto de Morais
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Adélia Cristina Oliveira Cintra
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Nathália Cristina Canicoba
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Fortunato Tucci
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Torqueti
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cleni Mara Marzocchi-Machado
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Attié de Castro
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
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Vorobjeva N, Galkin I, Pletjushkina O, Golyshev S, Zinovkin R, Prikhodko A, Pinegin V, Kondratenko I, Pinegin B, Chernyak B. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore is involved in oxidative burst and NETosis of human neutrophils. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165664. [PMID: 31926265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to numerous pathogenic microbes as the last suicidal resource (NETosis) in the fight against infection. Apart from the host defense function, NETs play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of NETosis is important for regulating aberrant NET release. The initiation of NETosis after the recognition of pathogens by specific receptors is mediated by an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, therefore, the use of Ca2+ ionophore A23187 can be considered a semi-physiological model of NETosis. Induction of NETosis by various stimuli depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidase, however, NETosis induced by Ca2+ ionophores was suggested to be mediated by ROS produced in mitochondria (mtROS). Using the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 and specific inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, we showed that both sources of ROS, mitochondria and NADPH oxidase, are involved in NETosis induced by A23187 in human neutrophils. In support of the critical role of mtROS, SkQ1-sensitive NETosis was demonstrated to be induced by A23187 in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). We assume that Ca2+-triggered mtROS production contributes to NETosis either directly (CGD neutrophils) or by stimulating NADPH oxidase. The opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in neutrophils treated by A23187 was revealed using the electron transmission microscopy as a swelling of the mitochondrial matrix. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that the mPTP is involved in mtROS production, NETosis, and the oxidative burst induced by A23187.
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Sánchez-Salgado JL, Pereyra MA, Agundis C, Calzada-Ruiz M, Kantun-Briceño E, Zenteno E. In vivo administration of LPS and β-glucan generates the expression of a serum lectin and its cellular receptor in Cherax quadricarinatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 94:10-16. [PMID: 31465869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans, it has been suggested that specific protection against pathogens could be triggered by vaccines and biological response modifiers; although the specific mechanisms of this protection have not been clarified yet. In the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, a humoral lectin (CqL) binds its own granular hemocytes through a specific receptor (CqLR) and increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we challenged in vivo crayfishes with immunostimulants, β-glucan (200 μg/kg) or LPS (20 μg/kg), and identified the participation of cellular and humoral mechanisms. The stimulants generated a complex modification in the total hemocytes count (THC), as well as in the proportion of hemocyte subsets. At 2 h after the challenge, the largest value in THC was observed in either challenged crayfishes. Furthermore, at the same time, hyaline hemocytes were the most abundant subset in the hemolymph; after 6 h, granular hemocytes (GH) were the most abundant hemocyte subset. It has been observed that a specific subset of GH possesses a CqLR that has been related to ROS production. After 2 and 6 h of the β-glucan challenge, a significant increase in CqLR expression was observed in the three circulating hemocyte subsets; also, an increased expression of CqL was detected in a granular hemocytes sub-population. After 2 and 6 h of stimulation, the specific activity of the serum lectin challenged with β-glucan was 250% and 160% higher than in the LPS-treated-group, respectively (P < 0.05). Hemocytes from challenged crayfishes were stimulated ex vivo with CqL, ROS production was 180% higher in hemocytes treated with β-glucan + CqL than in hemocytes treated with LPS + CqL (P < 0.05). The results evidence the effectivity of immune stimulators to activate specific crayfish defense mechanisms, the participation of CqL and its receptor (CqLR) could play an important role in the regulation of immune cellular functions, like ROS production, in Cherax quadricarinatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sánchez-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Mohamed Alí Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Concepción Agundis
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Montserrat Calzada-Ruiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Kantun-Briceño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones, Facultad de Medicina UNAM-Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
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Virág L, Jaén RI, Regdon Z, Boscá L, Prieto P. Self-defense of macrophages against oxidative injury: Fighting for their own survival. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101261. [PMID: 31279985 PMCID: PMC6614175 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages play a central role in both the development and resolution of inflammation. These immune cells need to be functional in harmful conditions with high levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can damage their basic cell components, which may alter their metabolism. An excessive accumulation of these cell alterations drives macrophages inexorably to cell death, which has been associated to the development of several inflammatory diseases and even with aging in a process termed as "immunosenescence". Macrophages, however, exhibit a prolonged survival in this hostile environment because they equip themselves with a complex network of protective mechanisms. Here we provide an overview of these self-defense mechanisms with special attention being paid to bioactive lipid mediators, NRF2 signaling and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Virág
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Rafael I Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Zsolt Regdon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM). Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Galati D, Zanotta S, Canora A, Polistina GE, Nicoletta C, Ghinassi G, Ciasullo E, Bocchino M. Severe depletion of peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets in obstructive sleep apnea patients: A new link with cancer? Cytokine 2020; 125:154831. [PMID: 31473474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that alterations of the immune responses are associated with the inflammatory nature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and of its related co-morbidities. In this scenario, we asked whether circulating dendritic cell (DC) subsets may be possible players as their role has not yet been detailed. The frequency distribution of peripheral blood myeloid (mDC1 and mDC2) and plasmacytoid (p) DCs was investigated by mean of multi-parametric flow cytometry in 45 OSA patients (mean age: 53 yrs; M = 29) at the time of the first diagnosis and compared to 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Oxidative burst (OB) and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, (interleukin) (IL)-6, interferon (INF)-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also analyzed. All subsets of circulating DCs were significantly depleted in OSA patients as compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.01, in all instances), with mDC2 and pDC subtypes being more severely compromised. These findings were co-existing with higher levels of OB along with an increased expression of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and VEGF (p < 0.005 in all instances). In particular, IL6 levels were significantly higher (p = 0.013) in severe OSA patients (apnea/hypopnea index >30) and were inversely correlated with both mDC2 (r = -0.802, p < 0.007) and pDC (r = -0.317, p = 0.04) subsets. We first provide evidence for a constitutive reduction of all circulating DC subsets in OSA patients. Perturbation of DCs coexists with an inflammatory milieu and is negatively correlated with the expression of IL-6, which is actually recognized as a pivotal inhibitor of DC maturation. Future studies exploring the contribution of DCs in the pathogenesis of OSA and of its complications should be encouraged.
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Abstract
Both profound neutropenia and functional phagocyte disorders render patients susceptible to recurrent, unusual, and/or life-threatening infections. Many disorders also have nonhematologic manifestations and a substantial risk of leukemogenesis. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion and interrogation of the complete blood count with differential/bone marrow examination coupled with immunologic and genetic analyses. Treatment of the quantitative neutrophil disorders depends on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, whereas management of functional phagocyte disease is reliant on antimicrobials and/or targeted therapies. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the only curative option for most disorders but is not used on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Walkovich
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, D4202 Medical Professional Building, SPC 5718, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5718, USA.
| | - James A Connelly
- Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 397 PRB, Nashville, TN 37232-6310, USA
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Marchica A, Lorenzini G, Papini R, Bernardi R, Nali C, Pellegrini E. Signalling molecules responsive to ozone-induced oxidative stress in Salvia officinalis. Sci Total Environ 2019; 657:568-576. [PMID: 30550919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is the most important gaseous pollutant and induces a mass of negative impacts on vegetation at functional and genic levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species and signalling molecules in sage plants exposed to O3 (200 ppb, 5 h). Ozone exposure induced only a transient oxidative burst, as confirmed by the rapid peak of anion superoxide during the first hours of exposure (+16% compared to controls). The spontaneous reaction of O3 with membrane fatty acids stimulates peroxidative processes, as demonstrated by the rise of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration starting after 1 h of exposure (+25%). The formation of lipid-based signalling molecules (e.g. jasmonic acid) may be regarded as a sort of O3-perception. The concomitant accumulation of salicylic acid suggests that sage responds early to O3 by inducing cellular antioxidants mechanisms in order to minimize O3-oxidative burst. The transient increase of abscisic acid (+25% at the end of the treatment) twinned with the maximal ethylene emission (about two-fold higher than controls) could be interpreted as a first attempt by plants to regulate the signalling responses induced by O3. In order to investigate the involvement of transcription factors in managing oxidative protection, BLASTX analysis against the Salvia miltiorrhiza sequence genome was carried out using Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY sequences as queries. Six gene sequences were identified for sage WRKYs and their relative gene expression analyses were characterized. WRKY4, WRKY5, WRKY11 and WRKY46 were up-regulated by O3 at 2 and 5 h of exposure and they showed similarity with AtWRKY48, AtWRKY22 and AtWRKY53 in A. thaliana. These results suggest that WRKYs could play a pivotal role in the signalling mechanisms during the responses of plants to O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marchica
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Romina Papini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Bernardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy; Nutrafood Research Center, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Pormehr M, Ghanati F, Sharifi M, McCabe PF, Hosseinkhani S, Zare-Maivan H. The role of SIPK signaling pathway in antioxidant activity and programmed cell death of tobacco cells after exposure to cadmium. Plant Sci 2019; 280:416-423. [PMID: 30824021 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity induces oxidative burst and leads to programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells. The role of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) signaling pathway in Cd-induced oxidative stress was investigated in suspension-cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Barley 21). The cells were pretreated with 40 μM PD98059 (inhibitor of MAPKK) and then exposed to 50 μM Cd for 24 h. The percentages of cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored by flow cytometry. Expression of PCD related gene (Hsr203J) and the contents of certain signaling molecules were measured as well. The results showed that Cd increased the expression of SIPK, Hsr203J, and CAT genes, the activities of catalase and caspase-3-like enzymes. Addition of PD98059 inhibitor reduced the expression of Hsr203J and CAT genes, decreased CAT activity, but increased ROS and SA contents, and caspase-3-like activity and apoptosis rate. The highest apoptosis level was accompanied by the highest level of Hsr203J gene expression. From the results it can be suggested that upon treatment of tobacco cells with Cd, internal SA content increased and induced the SIPK signaling pathway, thereby inhibited the antioxidant system and led to PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pormehr
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Paul F McCabe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Zare-Maivan
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
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