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Yang X, Yu R, Wang T, Wen X, He Y, Li Z, Ma C, Chen W, Zhang C. Algae-leached DOM inhibits the Hg(II) reduction and uptake by lettuce in aquatic environments under light conditions. Aquat Toxicol 2024; 271:106928. [PMID: 38688065 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The significant role of aquatic phytoplankton in global primary productivity, accounting for approximately 50 % on an annual basis, has been recognized as a crucial factor in the reduction of Hg(II). In this study, we compared the efficiency of Hg(II) photoreduction mediated by three types of algae leaching dissolved organic matter (DOM) and humic acid (DOM-HA). Especially, we investigated the potential effects of algae-leached DOM on the photoreduction of Hg(II) and its subsequent uptake by lettuce, which serves as an indicator of Hg bioavailability for aquatic plants. The results revealed that under light conditions, the conversion of Hg(II) to Hg(0) mediated by algae-leached DOM and DOM-HA was 6.4-39.9 % higher compared to dark condition. Furthermore, the free radical quenching experiment demonstrated that the reduction of Hg(II) mediated by DOM-HA was higher than algae-leached DOM, mainly due to its ability to generate superoxide anion (O2•-). Moreover, the photoreduction efficiences of Hg(II) mediated by algae-leached DOM were 29-18 % lower compared to DOM-HA. The FT-IR analysis revealed that the production of -SH from algae-leached DOM led to the formation of strong metal-complexes, which restricts the reduction process from Hg(II) to Hg(0). Finally, the hydroponics experiment demonstrated that algae-leached DOM inhibited the bioavailability of Hg(II) to plants more effectively than DOM-HA. Our research emphasizes the significant functional roles and potential mechanisms of algae in reducing Hg levels, thereby influencing the availability of Hg in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Tantan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yubo He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zihao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chi Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
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2
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Hao M, He Y, Song T, Guo H, Rayman MP, Zhang J. Dopamine and its precursor levodopa inactivate SARS-CoV-2 main protease by forming a quinoprotein. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:167-178. [PMID: 38718952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Many studies show either the absence, or very low levels of, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and/or antigen in the brain of COVID-19 patients. Reports consistently indicate an abortive infection phenomenon in nervous cells despite the fact that they contain the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2. Dopamine levels in different brain regions are in the range of micromolar to millimolar concentrations. We have shown that sub-micromolar to low micromolar concentrations of dopamine or its precursor (levodopa) time- and dose-dependently inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), which is vital for the viral life cycle, by forming a quinoprotein. Thiol detection coupled with the assessment of Mpro activity suggests that among the 12 cysteinyl thiols, the active site, Cys145-SH, is preferentially conjugated to the quinone derived from the oxidation of dopamine or levodopa. LC-MS/MS analyses show that the Cys145-SH is covalently conjugated by dopamine- or levodopa-o-quinone. These findings help explain why SARS-CoV-2 causes inefficient replication in many nerve cell lines. It is well recognized that inhaled pulmonary drug delivery is the most robust therapy pathway for lung diseases. CVT-301 (orally inhaled levodopa) was approved by the FDA as a drug for Parkinson's patients prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2018. Based on the fact that SARS-CoV-2 causes inefficient replication in the CNS with abundant endogenous Mpro inhibitor in addition to the current finding that levodopa has an Mpro-inhibitory effect somewhat stronger than dopamine, we should urgently investigate the use of CVT-301 as a lung-targeting, COVID-19, Mpro inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tingting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biological Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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3
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González Dalmasy JM, Fitzsimmons CM, Frye WJE, Perciaccante AJ, Jewell CP, Jenkins LM, Batista PJ, Robey RW, Gottesman MM. The thiol methyltransferase activity of TMT1A (METTL7A) is conserved across species. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:110989. [PMID: 38574836 PMCID: PMC11056289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Although few resistance mechanisms for histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been described, we recently demonstrated that TMT1A (formerly METTL7A) and TMT1B (formerly METTL7B) can mediate resistance to HDACis with a thiol as the zinc-binding group by methylating and inactivating the drug. TMT1A and TMT1B are poorly characterized, and their normal physiological role has yet to be determined. As animal model systems are often used to determine the physiological function of proteins, we investigated whether the ability of these methyltransferases to methylate thiol-based HDACis is conserved across different species. We found that TMT1A was conserved across rats, mice, chickens, and zebrafish, displaying 85.7%, 84.8%, 60.7%, and 51.0% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with human TMT1A. Because TMT1B was not found in the chicken or zebrafish, we focused our studies on the TMT1A homologs. HEK-293 cells were transfected to express mouse, rat, chicken, or zebrafish homologs of TMT1A and all conferred resistance to the thiol-based HDACIs NCH-51, KD-5170, and romidepsin compared to empty vector-transfected cells. Additionally, all homologs blunted the downstream effects of HDACi treatment such as increased p21 expression, increased acetylated histone H3, and cell cycle arrest. Increased levels of dimethylated romidepsin were also found in the culture medium of cells transfected to express any of the TMT1A homologs after a 24 h incubation with romidepsin compared to empty-vector transfected cells. Our results indicate that the ability of TMT1A to methylate molecules is conserved across species. Animal models may therefore be useful in elucidating the role of these enzymes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M González Dalmasy
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina M Fitzsimmons
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William J E Frye
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Perciaccante
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Connor P Jewell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pedro J Batista
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Lei Y, He X, Zeng Y, Wang X, Yang L, Liu X, Qing Z. Pt-S bond stabilized DNAzyme nanosensor with thiol-resistance enabling high-fidelity biosensing. Talanta 2024; 276:126187. [PMID: 38733933 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been widely utilized in developing DNAzyme-functionalized nanosensors, most of which were engineered by attaching the thiolated DNAzymes to Au NPs via Au-S bonding. However, the Au NP-DNAzyme nanosensors always suffer from signal distortion when applied in complex environment with abundant thiols, which poses challenge for practical applications. Here, we focus on addressing the root cause of the issue and propose to decorate the Au NPs with a thin layer of platinum, thus facilitating the conjugation of DNAzymes through Pt-S bonding, a thiol-resistant cross-linking. The Pt-S bond stabilized DNAzyme nanosensor effectively minimized false positive signals when detecting l-histidine in infant formulas, as compared to the Au-S stabilized counterpart. This innovative strategy holds promise for high-fidelity biosensing, improving the practical applicability of Au NP-based DNAzyme nanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xinyan He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Le Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Hereditary Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhihe Qing
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cytochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
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5
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Alvarez R, Kurfis J, Hendrickson M, Sem DS. Real-time thiol detection in iPSC-derived neuron cultures using SemKur-IM, a novel fluorescent dithio probe. SLAS Discov 2024; 29:100127. [PMID: 38000947 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders associated with inflammation and oxidative stress show reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in the human brain. Drug discovery efforts and pharmacological studies would benefit from tools (e.g. chemical probes) that detect changes to oxidative stress, from the perspective of physiologically-relevant reporters like cellular thiols, including GSH. To this end, we have developed a fluorescence visualization assay using iPSC-derived cortical glutamatergic neurons that were loaded with 25 μM of a novel thiol-detection fluorescent probe, SemKur-IM. This probe enables visualization of cellular thiol level changes in the neuronal somas and neurites, in response exposure to N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Cellular thiol redox state was observed to change, based on an increase in green fluorescence (485 nm excitation maximum; 525 nm emission maximum) due to changes in thiol levels, from 0 to 40 mM. Interestingly, prior to treatment with NAC, cells did not appear to have significant levels of reduced thiols. Our studies demonstrate the utility of SemKur-IM in the detection of thiol levels in live cells in response to chemical exposures, such as from drugs that return the cell to a healthier reduced state. An initial application to screening the effects of an Alzheimer's disease drug candidate, Posiphen, using fluorescence cell sorting is presented. Other potential applications include high throughput screening of central nervous system (CNS) drugs thought to work by affecting cellular redox state in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel S Sem
- Pharmaceutcial Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, 12800N. Lake Shore Dr., Mequon, WI 53097, USA.
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Li D, Han X, Li Y. Mechanism of methylmercury photodegradation in the yellow sea and East China Sea: Dominant pathways, and role of sunlight spectrum and dissolved organic matter. Water Res 2024; 251:121112. [PMID: 38198975 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is among the most concerned contaminants in the world due to its high toxicity, prevalent existence in the environments, and bioaccumulation via food chain. Methylmercury (MeHg) is the major form of Hg that accumulates along the food chain and poses threat to humans and wild life. Photodegradation is the dominant process that MeHg is eliminated from freshwater system and upper ocean. The formation of MeHg-dissolved organic matter (DOM) complexes and a variety of free radicals (FR)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been previously proposed to be involved in MeHg photodegradation. However, most of these studies were conducted in freshwater, and the mechanism of MeHg photodegradation in seawater remains unclear. In this study, the main pathways of MeHg photodegradation in the seawater of Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) were investigated using FR/ ROS scavenger addition and DOM competing-ligand addition techniques. The results showed that direct photodegradation of MeHg-DOM complexes is the major pathway of MeHg photodegradation in the YS and ECS, while indirect photolysis of MeHg by hydroxyl radical (·OH) also plays a certain role at some sites. MeHg photodegradation was found to be mainly induced by ultraviolet (UV) light rather than visible light in YS and ECS seawater, and the contribution of UV-B was higher than UV-A which was opposite to that previously reported in freshwater. The energy for breaking the bond of CHg in MeHg-Cl complexes formed in seawater is higher than that in MeHg-DOM complexes and this may cause the relatively greater contribution of UV-B with higher energy to MeHg photodegradation in seawater. In addition, MeHg photodegradation in various fractions of natural DOM with different molecular weights, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and acid-base was tested. MeHg photodegradation rates (kd) varied in these fractions and kd in high molecular weight DOM and hydrophobic Acid (HOA) fractions were faster than that in the other fractions. A significantly positive correlation was observed between kd and thiol concentrations while there was no significant correlation between kd and other measured parameters representing the composition of DOM (specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), spectral slope (SR), chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), humification index (HIX), biological index (BIX) and fluorescent components). These results indicate that thiol may be the key functional group in DOM affecting the photodegradation of MeHg in the YS and ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Park JM, Park S, Seo YS, Kim JH, Lee MY. Cytosolic zinc mediates the cytotoxicity of thiol-reactive electrophiles in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114446. [PMID: 38244666 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant increase or dysregulation of cytosolic Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]cyt) has been associated with cellular dysfunction and cytotoxicity. In this study, we postulated that Zn2+ mediates the cytotoxicity of thiol-reactive electrophiles. This notion was grounded on earlier research, which revealed that thiol-reactive electrophiles may disrupt Zn2+-binding motifs, consequently causing Zn2+ to be released from Zn2+-binding proteins, and leading to a surge in [Zn2+]cyt. The thiol-reactive electrophiles N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and diamide were observed to induce an increase in [Zn2+]cyt, possibly through the impairment of Zn2+-binding motifs, and subsequent stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, resulting in cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. These processes were negated by the thiol donor N-acetyl-L-cysteine and the Zn2+ chelator TPEN. Similar outcomes were detected with co-treatment involving Zn2+ and Zn2+ ionophores such as pyrithione or disulfiram. Moreover, TPEN was found to inhibit cytotoxicity triggered by short-term exposure to various thiol-reactive electrophiles including hydrogen peroxide, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, diethyl maleate, iodoacetic acid, and iodoacetamide. In conclusion, our findings suggest that cytosolic Zn2+ acts as a universal mediator in the cytotoxic effects produced by thiol-reactive electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Park
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Seo
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeong Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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Korkmaz ŞA, Kaymak SU, Neşelioğlu S, Erel Ö. Thiol-disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Schizophrenia: The Potential Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2024; 22:139-150. [PMID: 38247420 PMCID: PMC10811387 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective : Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare thiol-disulphide homeostasis in acute and stable phases of schizophrenia for the first time. Methods : Among the patients with schizophrenia, 61 in the acute-phase and 61 in the stable phase of their illness were enrolled in the study. Native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulphide (SS), disulphide/native thiol, disulphide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol for thiol-disulphide homeostasis were compared between the groups. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive/Negative Symptoms (SAPS/SANS), Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, and Simpson-Angus Scale were used to assess symptoms. Results : After controlling for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status there were significant differences in NT, TT, SS/NT, SS/TT, and NT/TT, but not SS. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis has shifted in favour of the oxidative side in patients with acute-phase compared to that in stable schizophrenia. BPRS, SAPS, and CGI-S scores were significantly correlated with all six thiol-disulphide parameters, but not SANS, when controlling for age and sex. Significant receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained for all thiol-disulphide homeostasis parameters. Discriminant analysis was found to be statistically significant in discriminating between groups. Conclusion : These results show that oxidative status increases thiol-disulphide homeostasis in patients with acute-phase schizophrenia compared to those with stable schizophrenia. These findings suggest that thiol-disulphide parameters can be used as biomarkers for the acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Alperen Korkmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Semra Ulusoy Kaymak
- Department of Psychiatry, Gülhane Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neşelioğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sharifzadeh Z, Razavi SAA, Morsali A. Functionalization of Defective Zr-MOFs for Water Decontamination: Mechanistic Insight into the Competitive Roles of -NH 2 and -SH Sites in the Removal of Hg(II) Ions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38377577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), especially those based on sulfur and nitrogen atoms, were frequently applied for the removal of Hg(II) ions. However, a systematic study on the cooperative or competitive roles of -SH and -NH2 functions in the presence of secondary mechanisms (proton transfer and redox) is still rare. In this work, the UiO-66 framework (Zr6(OH)4O4(BDC)6, BDC2- = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) was decorated with functional monocarboxylate linkers including glycine (Gly), mercaptopropionic acid (Mer), and cysteine (Cys). Due to the molecular similarity of these functional linkers, the coordination affinity between the amine and thiol sites with Hg(II) ions can be compared, and the effect of proton transfer and redox mechanisms on the possible thiol···Hg(II) and amine···Hg(II) interactions can be investigated. The results show that the Cys@UiO-66 framework can adsorb 1288 mg g-1 of Hg(II), while Mer@UiO-66 and Gly@UiO-66 can adsorb 593 and 313 mg g-1 at pH = 7 and 500 ppm, respectively. This is due to the facts that both the amine and the thiol functions of the Cys@UiO-66 framework show synergism in Hg(II) removal, and the secondary mechanisms reduce the affinity of thiol in Mer@UiO-66 and amine in Gly@UiO-66 frameworks in the removal process of Hg(II) ions. Free -SH sites in Mer@UiO-66 undergo a redox convert to -SO3H groups, and free protonated -NH2 sites in Gly@UiO-66 do not fully deprotonate during Hg(II) removal. Yet, in the case of Cys@UiO-66, free protonated -NH2 sites are fully deprotonated, and free SH sites did not convert to -SO3H groups during Hg(II) removal. These observations show that the redox and proton transfer mechanisms can negatively affect the adsorption capacity of functional MOFs containing free -SH and -NH2 groups. So, not only the functionalization but also control over secondary mechanisms in the removal process are necessary parameters to improve the affinity between functional MOFs and Hg(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Akbar Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Jian N, Dai Y, Liu H, Wu N, Liu LE, Wu D, Wu Y. Simple, fast and eco-friendly micro-solid phase extraction based on thiol and ionic liquid bi-functional nanofibers membrane for the determination of sulfonamides in environmental water. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342163. [PMID: 38220295 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfonamides (SAs) are a class of synthetic antibacterial agents that are diffusely used in the medical industry and animal husbandry. Their prevalence in the influents and effluents of water treatment plants, as well as in rivers and groundwater, has provoked worldwide concern. Monitoring SAs in environmental water is of great significance for public health. However, most of the available detection techniques for SAs are cumbersome and time-consuming. With the increasing number of actual samples, simple, fast and environmentally friendly analytical methods are always in demand. RESULTS Herein, we describe a highly efficient micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) sample preparation technique based on a novel thiol and ionic liquid bi-functional nanofibers membrane (IL-SH-PAN NFsM) for multi-residue detection of sulfonamides (SAs) in water samples. By the synergistic effect of -SH and -IL, the as-prepared IL-SH-PAN NFsM demonstrated high adsorption capacity and excellent selectivity for SAs. The water samples can be directly used for μ-SPE without pH and ionic strength adjustment, and the eluent can be directly collected for HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Compared with other methods reported in the literature, this method required much shorter extraction time (2 min for a batch), much less amount of adsorbent (4.0 mg) and organic solvent (0.5 mL), while providing much higher sensitivity (1.4-3.9 ng L-1), and fine recoveries (88.8%-117.7%) with relative standard deviations less than 4.26%. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY A bi-functional nanofibers membrane was prepared for efficient extraction of SAs. The adsorbent exhibited superior adsorption performance and excellent selectivity. The underlying interaction mechanisms derived from -SH and -IL were proposed, which provide a new idea for preparing versatile adsorbents. Rapid, efficient and sensitive detection of SAs in water was achieved. The novel sample preparation technique can be expected as an efficient method for routine trace SAs residue monitoring in various water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningge Jian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Hongli Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Niu Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China; College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Li-E Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
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11
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Li PY, Liu Y, Wang SJ, Liu D, Li GY. TDDFT study on a fluorescent probe for distinguishing analogous thiols based on smiles rearrangement. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 304:123396. [PMID: 37708760 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The complete excited-state sensing mechanism of a fluorescent probe capable of distinguishing cysteine/homocysteine and glutathione from analogous biological thiols has been investigated. Using a TDDFT method, the nature of the fluorescence differences in the detection of thiols by the probe has been explained at the molecular level. Calculation results imply that the probe undergoes photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the fluorophore to the nitrobenzooxadiazole (NBD)-based acceptor in the excited state. In the presence of a thiol, the NBD moiety is cleaved and the red fluorescence emission of the fluorophore is enhanced through inhibition of the PET process. The sulfur-substituted NBD-thiol product is predisposed to undergo excited-state torsion, leading to fluorescence quenching. However, for cysteine and homocysteine, their appropriate distances lead to Smiles rearrangements with relatively low activation energies (26.60 kJ/mol and 42.94 kJ/mol, respectively) and the emission of a distinct green fluorescence at ambient temperature. It has been theoretically confirmed that the distance between two reactive sites, such as sulfhydryl and amino moieties, can be used to distinguish different thiols, thus providing rational support for the control of fluorescence activity and the design of probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Si-Jia Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China.
| | - Guang-Yue Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China.
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12
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Knoke LR, Leichert LI. Global approaches for protein thiol redox state detection. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 77:102390. [PMID: 37797572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to its nucleophilicity, the thiol group of cysteine is chemically very versatile. Hence, cysteine often has important functions in a protein, be it as the active site or, in extracellular proteins, as part of a structural disulfide. Within the cytosol, cysteines are typically reduced. But the nucleophilicity of its thiol group makes it also particularly prone to post-translational oxidative modifications. These modifications often lead to an alteration of the function of the affected protein and are reversible in vivo, e.g. by the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin system. The in vivo-reversible nature of these modifications and their genesis in the presence of localized high oxidant levels led to the paradigm of thiol-based redox regulation, the adaptation, and modulation of the cellular metabolism in response to oxidative stimuli by thiol oxidation in regulative proteins. Consequently, the proteomic study of these oxidative posttranslational modifications of cysteine plays an indispensable role in redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Knoke
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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13
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Indika NLR, Senarathne UD, Malvaso A, Darshana D, Owens SC, Mansouri B, Semenova Y, Bjørklund G. Abnormal Porphyrin Metabolism in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03722-z. [PMID: 38032468 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a mosaic of neurodevelopmental conditions composed of early-onset social interaction and communication deficits, along with repetitive and/or restricted patterns of activities, behavior, and interests. ASD affects around 1% of children worldwide, with a male predominance. Energy, porphyrin, and neurotransmitter homeostasis are the key metabolic pathways affected by heavy metal exposure, potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. Exposure to heavy metals can lead to an altered porphyrin metabolism due to enzyme inhibition by heavy metals. Heavy metal exposure, inborn genetic susceptibility, and abnormal thiol and selenol metabolism may play a significant role in the urinary porphyrin profile anomalies observed in ASD. Altered porphyrin metabolism in ASD may also be associated with, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperoxalemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypomagnesemia. The present review considers the abnormal porphyrin metabolism in ASD in relation to the potential pathogenic mechanism and discusses the possible metabolic therapies such as vitamins, minerals, cofactors, and antioxidants that need to be explored in future research. Such targeted therapeutic therapies would bring about favorable outcomes such as improvements in core and co-occurring symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neluwa-Liyanage R Indika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Udara D Senarathne
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Monash Health Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dhanushka Darshana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Susan C Owens
- Autism Oxalate Project, Autism Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
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14
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Gandouzi I, Fekih S, Selmi O, Chalghaf N, Turki M, Ayedi F, Guelmami N, Azaiez F, Souissi N, Marsigliante S, Muscella A. Oxidative status alteration during aerobic-dominant mixed and anaerobic-dominant mixed effort in judokas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20442. [PMID: 37829795 PMCID: PMC10565691 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to depict the oxidative status variation in judokas during aerobic-dominant mixed effort (AeDME) and anaerobic-dominant mixed effort (AnDME). It is to be expected that the sporting commitment of Judo is a stimulus of oxidative stress leading to the recruitment of antioxidant responses. Blood samples were collected from 17 athletes at rest, immediately after a training session (AeDME) and after a 5-min bout (AnDME). AeDME and AnDME caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively) and glutathione (GSH) (p = 0.018 and p < 0.001 respectively). Blood thiol concentrations decreased following AeDME and AnDME (p < 0.001) whilst catalase decreased significantly after AnDME (p = 0.026) only. Uric acid increased significantly after AnDME than after AeDME (p = 0.047) while, conversely, total bilirubin was higher after AnDME than after AeDME (p = 0.02). We may ultimately summarize that AeDME and AnDME caused oxidative stress, higher in AnDME, and some antioxidant response slightly higher in AnDME compared to AeDME. In sports, monitoring of oxidative stress status is recommended as part of the training regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Gandouzi
- Molecular Basis of Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- RU: Physical Activity, Sport & Health, The National Observatory of Sport, Tunisia
| | - Soufien Fekih
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Okba Selmi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef ISSEP, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Molecular Basis of Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, Tunisia
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayedi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Noomen Guelmami
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef ISSEP, Kef, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Azaiez
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Gafsa ISSEP, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Group for the Study of Development and Social Environment (GEDES), Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- RU: Physical Activity, Sport & Health, The National Observatory of Sport, Tunisia
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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15
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Harris PS, McGinnis CD, Michel CR, Marentette JO, Reisdorph R, Roede JR, Fritz KS. Click chemistry-based thiol redox proteomics reveals significant cysteine reduction induced by chronic ethanol consumption. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102792. [PMID: 37390786 PMCID: PMC10331594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the U.S., alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) impacts millions of people and is a major healthcare burden. While the pathology of ALD is unmistakable, the molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol hepatotoxicity are not fully understood. Hepatic ethanol metabolism is intimately linked with alterations in extracellular and intracellular metabolic processes, specifically oxidation/reduction reactions. The xenobiotic detoxification of ethanol leads to significant disruptions in glycolysis, β-oxidation, and the TCA cycle, as well as oxidative stress. Perturbation of these regulatory networks impacts the redox status of critical regulatory protein thiols throughout the cell. Integrating these key concepts, our goal was to apply a cutting-edge approach toward understanding mechanisms of ethanol metabolism in disrupting hepatic thiol redox signaling. Utilizing a chronic murine model of ALD, we applied a cysteine targeted click chemistry enrichment coupled with quantitative nano HPLC-MS/MS to assess the thiol redox proteome. Our strategy reveals that ethanol metabolism largely reduces the cysteine proteome, with 593 cysteine residues significantly reduced and 8 significantly oxidized cysteines. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis demonstrates that ethanol metabolism reduces specific cysteines throughout ethanol metabolism (Adh1, Cat, Aldh2), antioxidant pathways (Prx1, Mgst1, Gsr), as well as many other biochemical pathways. Interestingly, a sequence motif analysis of reduced cysteines showed a correlation for hydrophilic, charged amino acids lysine or glutamic acid nearby. Further research is needed to determine how a reduced cysteine proteome impacts individual protein activity across these protein targets and pathways. Additionally, understanding how a complex array of cysteine-targeted post-translational modifications (e.g., S-NO, S-GSH, S-OH) are integrated to regulate redox signaling and control throughout the cell is key to the development of redox-centric therapeutic agents targeted to ameliorate the progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Harris
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Courtney D McGinnis
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cole R Michel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John O Marentette
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Richard Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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16
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Oğuz EF, Hayran Y, Yücel Ç, Eren F, Kizilgün M, Erel Ö. Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis, Ischemia-Modified Albumin, Trace Elements and Vitamins in Vitiligo Patients. Indian J Dermatol 2023; 68:487. [PMID: 37822395 PMCID: PMC10564208 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_169_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitiligo, a multifactorial, depigmented skin disease, is characterised by selective loss of functional melanocytes leading to pigment reduction in the affected areas of the skin. Aim We aimed to examine thiol-disulphide homeostasis, IMA, copper, zinc, selenium, vitamin A and vitamin C levels in vitiligo patients. Materials and Methods The study included 83 vitiligo patients and 72 healthy controls. Copper, zinc, and selenium levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer; vitamin A and E levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ischemia-modified albumin and native/total thiol levels were measured by colourimetric method. Results Serum native and total thiol levels were significantly lower in vitiligo patients (P < 0.001, for all). Zn levels were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in the control group (P = 0.004). There was no statistical difference in terms of Cu, Se, vitamin A and vitamin E levels. Conclusions All thiol-disulphide homeostasis parameters (the most important antioxidant-oxidant system in circulation), trace elements, and vitamins together were evaluated in the present study in vitiligo patients. It can be concluded that vitiligo patients have increased oxidative stress status, and also the increase in the dissemination of the disease also increases the oxidative stress in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Firat Oğuz
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Hayran
- Department of Dermatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Yücel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Eren
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Kizilgün
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Assi N, Rypar T, Macka M, Adam V, Vaculovicova M. Microfluidic paper-based fluorescence sensor for L-homocysteine using a molecularly imprinted polymer and in situ-formed fluorescent quantum dots. Talanta 2023; 255:124185. [PMID: 36634429 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices modified with molecularly imprinted polymers (μPADs@MIPs) were developed for fluorescent detection of targeted thiols via in situ UV-induced formation of quantum dots (μPADs@MIPs@QDs). The selectivity enhancement by the MIP layer formed on the filter paper surface was demonstrated for the isolation of L-homocysteine from wine. Followed by the addition of metal precursors solution (Zn/Cd/Cu) and UV irradiation, fluorescent quantum dots were formed thus enabling quantitative detection of the thiol (serving as a QD capping agent). The effect of different semiconductors was investigated to achieve a lower band gap and higher fluorescence intensity. Increasing fluorescence intensity in the presence of thiol groups was obtained for the following precursors mixture composition: ZnCdCu/S > ZnCd/S > ZnCu/S > ZnS. The proposed method has a good relationship between the fluorescence intensity of ZnCdCu/S QDs and L-homocysteine in a linear range from 0.74 to 7.40 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.51 and 1.71 μM respectively. This method was applied for the determination of L-homocysteine in white wine with RSD under 6.37%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Assi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Rypar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mirek Macka
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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18
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Demirtas MS, Erdal H, Kilicbay F, Tunc G. Association between thiol-disulfide hemostasis and transient tachypnea of the newborn in late-preterm and term infants. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:135. [PMID: 36966275 PMCID: PMC10039555 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), which is the most common respiratory disease in the neonatal period, increases respiratory workload in newborns. We purposed to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS) status and thiol disulfide hemostasis in late preterm and term newborns with TTN in this study. METHODS The study was carried out in a single-centre neonatal intensive care unit to investigate the effect of continuous airway positive pressure (CPAP) on the oxidative system in newborns with TTN. Thiol (native and total) and disulfide levels, total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS/TOS) and Oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were measured. RESULTS Total thiol levels measured before treatment was 429.5 (369.5-487) µmol/L in the late preterm group and 425 (370-475) µmol/L in the term group (p = 0.741). We found significant changes in TOS, OSI and TAS levels after CPAP treatment in the late preterm group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.012 respectively). It was also found that the disulfide level, which was 26.2 (19.2-31.7) before the treatment, decreased to 19.5 (15.5-28.75) after the treatment (p = 0.001) in late preterms. CONCLUSION CPAP treatment reduced the OS status burden associated with TTN in neonates. The late preterm newborns with TTN are more affected by OS and increased OS levels decrease with CPAP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huseyin Erdal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kilicbay
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gaffari Tunc
- Department of Neonatology, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Staszak AM, Ratajczak E, Leśniewska J, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Kostro-Ambroziak A. A broad spectrum of host plant responses to the actions of the gall midge: case study of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman). BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:19. [PMID: 36627562 PMCID: PMC9830809 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to provide insights into plant-insect interaction during the formation and development of open gall structure on the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia during gall formation by Obolodiplosis robiniae. This was the first time such far-reaching studies were performed at a biochemical and anatomical level. The gall wall is created from a few thick cells covered with epidermis. This parenchymatous nutritive tissue is rich in starch. Sclerenchyma only occurs around the vascular bundles as a result of the lignification of the parenchyma of the bundle sheaths. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the new structure was reduced and catalase activity was inhibited, which suggests another pathway of ROS decomposition - e.g. by ascorbate or glutathione peroxidase. The gall structure was combined with an increasing level of protein and non-protein thiols. Phenols seems to be a good protective factor; whose level was lower in infected leaflets. Levels of MUFA (monosaturated fatty acids) and SFA (saturated fatty acids) rose, probably as source of food for insects. The amount of fatty acid is positively correlated with the plant response. We detected that non infected leaflets produced C6:0 (hexanoic acid) and C8:0 (octanoic acid) fatty acids connected with odor. Changes in gall color as they develop are connected with photosynthetic pigments degradation (mainly chlorophylls) where the pathway of astaxanthin transformation to fatty acid is considered to be the most important process during gall maturation. Nutritive tissue is composed mainly of octadecanoic acid (C18:0) - a main source of food for O. robiniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Staszak
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Joanna Leśniewska
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agata Kostro-Ambroziak
- Laboratory of Insects Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Genetic and Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
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20
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Demirtas MS, Erdal H. Evaluation of thiol disulfide balance in adolescents with vitamin B12 deficiency. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:3. [PMID: 36611205 PMCID: PMC9824957 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 is an important vitamin for metabolism and affects many mechanisms in the body including neuronal migration, DNA synthesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, brain and cognitive development. Increased oxidative stress in the body leads to the damage of the child development, but also plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases encountered in the childhood period. Our aim is to investigate whether or not B12 deficiency is associated with dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis in adolescent patients. METHODS This is a case-controlled observational study consisting of 45 adolescent patients with vitamin b12 deficiency and a control group consisting of 45 healthy adolescent. Patients between 11 and 18 ages who applied to the outpatient clinic for the first time with one of the complaints of headache were selected due to their decreased school performance, dizziness, and fatigue. Hemogram, vitamin B12, homocysteine levels and oxidative stress parameters such as native and total thiol disulfide levels and ratios of disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol, and native thiol/total thiol were measured from the patients. RESULTS Vitamin B12 level was found to be significantly lower in vitamin B12 deficiency group (p < 0.001). The serum disulfide level was found to be 27.5 ± 8.38 in the case group and 20.5 ± 8.36 in the control group (p < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that the independent variables of native thiol, homocysteine and disulfide levels effected of vitamin B12 levels (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.005 respectively; R2 = 0.62). CONCLUSION The results obtained in terms of the effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on oxidative stress in adolescents are remarkable. The increase in oxidative stress parameters in the patient group may also suggest that oxidative stress plays a vital role in vitamin B12 deficiency in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Semih Demirtas
- grid.411297.80000 0004 0384 345XDepartment of Pediatrics, Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Erdal
- grid.411297.80000 0004 0384 345XDepartment of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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21
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Doblas L, Hägglund PM, Fuentes-Lemus E, Davies MJ. The cysteine residue in beta-lactoglobulin reacts with oxidized tyrosine residues in beta-casein to give casein-lactoglobulin dimers. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 733:109482. [PMID: 36457258 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are modified during milk processing and storage, with sidechain oxidation and crosslinking being major consequences. Despite the prevalence and importance of proteins in milk, and particularly caseins (∼80% of total content), the nature of the cross-links formed by oxidation, and their mechanisms of formation, are poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the formation and stability of cross-links generated by the nucleophilic addition of Cys residues to quinones generated on oxidation of Tyr residues. The mechanisms and stability of these adducts was explored using ubiquitin as a model protein, and β-casein. Ubiquitin and β-casein were oxidized using a rose Bengal/visible light/O2 system, or by the enzyme tyrosinase. The oxidized proteins were incubated with glutathione or β-lactoglobulin (non-oxidized, but unfolded by treatment at 70 °C), before analysis by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and LC-MS. Our data indicate that Cys-quinone adducts are readily-formed, and are stable for >48 h. Thus, oxidized β-casein reacts efficiently with the thermally unfolded β-lactoglobulin, likely via Michael addition of the exposed Cys to a Tyr-derived quinone. These data provide a novel, and possibly general, mechanism of protein cross-link formation, and provides information of the stability of these species that have potential as markers of protein quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doblas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Per M Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Lemus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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22
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Acar T, Ertekin B, Yortanli M. Value of thiol and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in predicting mortality in serious COVID-19 pneumonia. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12514. [PMID: 36573112 PMCID: PMC9771579 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Viral infections of the respiratory tract are generally related to many factors such as excessive production of cytokines, inflammation, cellular death, redox imbalance or oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of thiol and IMA in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia to evaluate oxidative stress. Study design This was a prospective, sectional cohort study conducted at a pandemics hospital between 01.01.2022 and 01.02.2022. Methods A total of 153 patients who had been confirmed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia in the emergency unit were prospectively analyzed. The control group was formed by 50 healthy volunteers with similar age and no chronic disease history. Thiol and IMA levels were statistically compared both in the patient and the control groups, and within the patient groups (survived and non-survival). Results While 96 out of 153 patients had survived, 57 patients had non-survival. There was a statistically significant distinction between the survived and non-survival patients with regard to Thiol and IMA levels (p < 0.001). The thiol levels in the patient group were significantly lower compared to the control group, and the IMA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and NPV were 70.2%, 86.5% and 83% when thiol cut-off value was ≤345.2 μmol/L (AUC: 0.886, p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and NPV were 70.2%, 85.4% and 82.8% when the IMA cut-off was >302.9 ABSU (AUC: 0.875, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that thiol and IMA levels may be used as bioindicators for risk classification and mortality in patients with serious COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Acar
- Department of Emergency, University of Health Sciences, Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey,Corresponding author.
| | - Birsen Ertekin
- Department of Emergency, University of Health Sciences, Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yortanli
- Department of Emergency, Numune State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Vargas ELG, Almeida FAD, de Freitas LL, Pinto UM, Vanetti MCD. Furanone and phytol influence metabolic phenotypes regulated by acyl-homoserine lactone in Salmonella. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2133-2144. [PMID: 35947344 PMCID: PMC9679073 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen, and it is unable to produce the quorum sensing signaling molecules called acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). However, it synthesizes the SdiA protein, detecting AHL molecules, also known as autoinducer-1 (AI-1), in the external environment. Exogenous AHLs can regulate specific genes related to virulence and stress response in Salmonella. Thus, interfering with quorum sensing can be a strategy to reduce virulence and help elucidate the cell-to-cell communication role in the pathogens' response to extracellular signals. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the quorum sensing inhibitors furanone and phytol on phenotypes regulated by N-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12-HSL) in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. The furanone C30 at 50 nM and phytol at 2 mM canceled the alterations promoted by C12-HSL on glucose consumption and the levels of free cellular thiol in Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 578 under anaerobic conditions. In silico analysis suggests that these compounds can bind to the SdiA protein of Salmonella Enteritidis and accommodate in the AHL binding pocket. Thus, furanone C30 and phytol act as antagonists of AI-1 and are likely inhibitors of the quorum sensing mechanism mediated by AHL in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Alves de Almeida
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Food Research Center, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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24
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Tapangpan P, Chiangraeng N, Boer SA, Semakul N, Nimmanpipug P, Rujiwatra A. Mercury removal efficiency of disulfide- and thiol-functionalized lanthanide coordination polymers. Chemosphere 2022; 305:135330. [PMID: 35724718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To compare efficiency of disulfide and thiol groups in removing mercury from aqueous medium without noteworthy influence from structural differences, a series of new [LnIII(dtba)1.5(H2O)2] (LnIII = EuIII (I), GdIII (II) and TbIII (III), H2dtba = 4,4'-dithiobenzoic acid) were synthesized and characterized. The single crystal structure of I was elucidated and is described. Reaction of II with hydrazine gave IISH containing disulfide and thiol groups. Experimental data confirmed the preserved framework structure and the co-existing of disulfide and thiol groups in IISH. Robustness of II and IISH over a wide range of pH (2-10) was confirmed and their mercury removal performances at different pH were evaluated in terms of removal efficiencies (%R), equilibrium uptake capacities (qe) and distribution constant (Kd). The dependence of these parameters on pH is reported. The best values of %R, qe and Kd could be achieved at pH 10 at which surfaces of the adsorbents were negatively charged; 86%R, 429 mg g-1, and 6.04 × 103 mL g-1 (II), and 98%R, 490 mg g-1 and 5.08 × 104 mL g-1 (IISH). At pH 7, influences of the initial concentration of mercury on performances of the adsorbents as well as the adsorption isotherms and kinetics were examined from which the better performance of IISH has been concluded. The characterization of the adsorptions by the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic as well as their excellent consistency with the experimental data are included. At neutral pH, selectivity to the adsorption of mercury and tolerance to common anions were illustrated. The better affinity between mercury and thiol group and therefore its contribution to the better performance of IISH was then ascertained by a computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimchanok Tapangpan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Natthiti Chiangraeng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Stephanie A Boer
- ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Natthawat Semakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Nimmanpipug
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Apinpus Rujiwatra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Houy Kaew Road, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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25
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Nateghi-Rostami M, Tasbihi M, Darzi F. Involvement of tryparedoxin peroxidase (TryP) and trypanothione reductase (TryR) in antimony unresponsive of Leishmania tropica clinical isolates of Iran. Acta Trop 2022; 230:106392. [PMID: 35276060 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical resistance to pentavalent antimonial compounds has long been recognized as a major problem in the treatment of human leishmaniasis. Trypanothione metabolism, the main form of thiol, has shown to play a central role in antimony resistance of laboratory-generated resistant Leishmania spp. and field-isolated resistant L. donovani; but the mechanism of antimony resistance in the clinical isolates of L. tropica causing anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is less studied. Patients were selected among confirmed positive ACL cases who referred to Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, from endemic regions of north-east and south of Iran. L. tropica clinical isolates were collected from patients who were either treatment-responsive (MAS=S1 to S5) or unresponsive (MAR=R1 to R4) to Glucantime® (meglumine antimoniate=MA). Isolates were tested for sensitivity to trivalent antimony (SbIII) in promastigotes and to pentavalent antimony (SbV) in intracellular amastigotes stages. Intracellular thiol levels were assayed and trypanothione-dependent components, including trypanothione reductase (TR) and tryparedoxin peroxidase I (TryP) were analysed at protein level and enzymatic activity in isolates. The MAR isolates had an approximate two fold increase in the levels of intracellular thiols (P< 0.05) accompanied by an average 5-10 fold increase in in vitro resistance to antimony. TryP was amplified at the protein level in all MAR strains as compared to the MAS strains (range: 2.8-5.6 fold). All MAR isolates metabolized H2O2 at higher rates than MAS isolates (8.55±0.75 nmol/min/mg vs. 3.14±0.36 nmol/min/mg) (P< 0.05). In addition, levels of TryR protein were also markedly elevated in 3 out of 4 MAR isolates (range: 2.2-4.1 fold). This was accompanied by overexpressed TryR activity (mean level of 46.83±2.43 for extracts of MAR vs. 20.98±3.02 for MAS strains) (P< 0.05). Elevated levels of TryP, active enzyme in peroxide detoxification, were observed in MAR parasites resulting in an increased metabolism of H2O2. TryR activity was overexpressed on average in extracts of MAR strains, but not in all isolates. Enhanced anti-oxidant defenses through thiol metabolism may play a significant role in clinical resistance of ACL patients to Glucantime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Nateghi-Rostami
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin St., Pasteur Sq., 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Minoo Tasbihi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darzi
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, No. 69, 12 Farvardin St., Pasteur Sq., 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Arpa M, Şen B, Beyazal MS, Erel Ö. Evaluation of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in active ankylosing spondylitis patients. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 18:343-348. [PMID: 35680366 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The etiopathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory, systemic disease, has not been fully elucidated yet. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis, a component of antioxidant defense, is thought to play a role in the etiology of inflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the existence of oxidative stress in active AS patients with thiol-disulfide homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who were found to have high (n: 27) and very-high (n: 18) activity levels with ASDAS-ESR and 40 healthy controls participated in the study. Serum native-thiol (NT), total-thiol (TT), and disulfide levels were analyzed by an automated colorimetric method. RESULTS While TT and NT levels were significantly decreased in patients compared to the control group, the disulfide levels were increased. There was a significant negative correlation between ESR, and NT, TT in both groups and also between hsCRP and NT, TT in very-high active AS patients.TT and NT levels were significantly higher in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users compared to those using biological agents. CONCLUSIONS The deterioration of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in favor of disulfide; correlations between ESR, CRP, and NT, TT support the use of thiol-disulfide variables in determining the disease activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medeni Arpa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Bayram Şen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital, Rize, Turkey
| | - Münevver Serdaroğlu Beyazal
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara, Turkey
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27
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Li Y, Li D, Song B, Li Y. The potential of mercury methylation and demethylation by 15 species of marine microalgae. Water Res 2022; 215:118266. [PMID: 35290869 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are a kind of worldwide concerned persistent toxic pollutants. As the major primary producer in the ocean, microalgae are expected to play an important role in the cycling and accumulation of Hg in marine ecosystems by either uptake Hg species from seawater or involving in the transformations of Hg species. However, there is still lack of clear knowledge on whether microalgae can induce the methylation and demethylation of Hg in aquatic environments. In this study, Hg isotope dilution and isotope addition techniques were utilized to determine the methylation and demethylation potential of Hg at concentrations comparable to that in natural environments by 15 common marine microalgae (8 species of Diatoms, 4 species of Dinoflagellates, 2 species of Chlorophyta and 1 species of Chrysophyte). Methylation of inorganic Hg was found to be negligible in the culture of all tested marine microalgae, while 6 species could significantly induce the demethylation of methylmercury (MeHg). The rates of microalgae mediated MeHg demethylation were at the same order of magnitude as that of photodemethylation, indicating that marine microalgae may play an important role in the degradation of MeHg in marine environments. Further studies suggest that the demethylation of MeHg by the microalgae may be mainly caused by their extracellular secretions (via photo-induce demethylation) and associated bacteria, rather than the direct demethylation of MeHg by microalgae cells. In addition, it was found that thiol groups may be the major component in microalgal extracellular secretions that lead to the photo-demethylation of MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Beibei Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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28
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Singh PK, Chakrabarty D, Dwivedi S, Kumar A, Singh SP, Sinam G, Niranjan A, Singh PC, Chatterjee S, Majumdar D, Tiwari M, Tripathi RD. Nitric oxide-mediated alleviation of arsenic stress involving metalloid detoxification and physiological responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ Pollut 2022; 297:118694. [PMID: 34952182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a staple crop, and food chain contamination of arsenic in rice grain possesses a serious health risk to billions of population. Arsenic stress negatively affects the rice growth, yield and quality of the grains. Nitric oxide (NO) is a major signaling molecule that may trigger various cellular responses in plants. The protective role of NO during arsenite (AsIII) stress and its relationship with plant physiological and metabolic responses is not explored in detail. Exogenous NO, supplemented through the roots in the form of sodium nitroprusside, has been shown to provide protection vis-à-vis AsIII toxicity. The NO-mediated variation in physiological traits such as stomatal density, size, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate maintained the growth of the rice plant during AsIII stress. Besides, NO exposure also enhanced the lignin content in the root, decreased total arsenic content and maintained the activities of antioxidant isoenzymes to reduce the ROS level essential for protecting from AsIII mediated oxidative damage in rice plants. Further, NO supplementation enhanced the GSH/GSSG ratio and PC/As molar ratio by modulating PC content to reduce arsenic toxicity. Further, NO-mediated modulation of the level of GA, IAA, SA, JA, amino acids and phenolic metabolites during AsIII stress appears to play a central role to cope up with AsIII toxicity. The study highlighted the role of NO in AsIII stress tolerance involving modulation of metalloid detoxification and physiological pathways in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna Kumar Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sanjay Dwivedi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, 208001, India
| | - Geetgovind Sinam
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Abhishek Niranjan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Poonam C Singh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sandipan Chatterjee
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, RCED-Kolkata, Kolkata, 700046, India
| | - Dipanjali Majumdar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Kolkata Zonal Centre, i-8 Sector C, EKDP, E. M. Bypass, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rudra Deo Tripathi
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Pfaff A, Chernatynskaya A, Vineyard H, Ercal N. Thiol antioxidants protect human lens epithelial (HLE B-3) cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage and cytotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101213. [PMID: 35128081 PMCID: PMC8808075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to lens epithelial cells plays an important role in the development of age-related cataract, and the health of the lens has important implications for overall ocular health. As a result, there is a need for effective therapeutic agents that prevent oxidative damage to the lens. Thiol antioxidants such as tiopronin or N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG), N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and exogenous glutathione (GSH) may be promising candidates for this purpose, but their ability to protect lens epithelial cells is not well understood. The effectiveness of these compounds was compared by exposing human lens epithelial cells (HLE B-3) to the chemical oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) and treating the cells with each of the antioxidant compounds. MTT cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and levels of intracellular GSH, the most important antioxidant in the lens, were measured after treatment. All four compounds provided some degree of protection against tBHP-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Cells treated with NACA exhibited the highest viability after exposure to tBHP, as well as decreased ROS and increased intracellular GSH. Exogenous GSH also preserved viability and increased intracellular GSH levels. MPG scavenged significant amounts of ROS, and NAC increased intracellular GSH levels. Our results suggest that both scavenging ROS and increasing GSH may be necessary for effective protection of lens epithelial cells. Further, the compounds tested may be useful for the development of therapeutic strategies that aim to prevent oxidative damage to the lens.
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Key Words
- 7-AAD, 7-aminoactinomycin D
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- Antioxidant
- Carboxy-H2DCFDA, 6-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- Cataract
- EMEM, Eagle's minimum essential medium
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FDA, United States Food and Drug Administration
- GSH, glutathione
- GSSG, glutathione disulfide
- Glutathione
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HLE B-3, human (eye) lens epithelial cell line B-3
- Lens
- MPG, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine
- MTT, (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NACA, N-acetylcysteine amide
- OH•, hydroxyl radical
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Thiol
- tBHP, tert-butyl hydroperoxide
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Vineyard
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science & Technology, 104 Schrenk Hall, 400 W. 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science & Technology, 104 Schrenk Hall, 400 W. 11th Street, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
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Shearer HL, Paton JC, Hampton MB, Dickerhof N. Glutathione utilization protects Streptococcus pneumoniae against lactoperoxidase-derived hypothiocyanous acid. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:24-33. [PMID: 34923101 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, resulting in more than one million deaths each year worldwide. This pathogen generates large amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which will be converted to hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) by lactoperoxidase (LPO) in the human respiratory tract. S. pneumoniae has been shown to be more resistant to HOSCN than some bacteria, and sensitizing S. pneumoniae to HOSCN may be a novel treatment strategy for combating this deadly pathogen. In this study we investigated the role of the low molecular weight thiol glutathione in HOSCN resistance. S. pneumoniae does not synthesize glutathione but imports it from the environment via an ABC transporter. Upon treatment of S. pneumoniae with HOSCN, bacterial glutathione was reversibly oxidized in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and intracellular proteins became glutathionylated. Bacterial death was observed when the reduced glutathione pool dropped below 20%. A S. pneumoniae mutant unable to import glutathione (ΔgshT) was more readily killed by exogenous HOSCN. Furthermore, bacterial growth in the presence of LPO converting bacterial H2O2 to HOSCN was significantly impeded in mutants that were unable to import glutathione, or mutants unable to recycle oxidized glutathione (Δgor). This research highlights the importance of glutathione in protecting S. pneumoniae from HOSCN. Limiting glutathione utilization by S. pneumoniae may be a way to limit colonization and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Shearer
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark B Hampton
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nina Dickerhof
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Gul AZ, Atakul N, Selek S, Atamer Y, Sarıkaya U, Yıldız T, Demirel M. Maternal Serum Levels of Zinc, Copper, and Thiols in Preeclampsia Patients: a Case-Control Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:464-472. [PMID: 33704670 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality-morbidity, and environmental factors act as the main driving force for the development of disease in genetically lean women. Trace element levels (zinc, copper) and thiol state (total, native thiol) may affect involved risk factors and play a role in the pathogenesis. The objective of our study is to assess trace element and thiol levels in patient and control groups. A total number of 88 pregnant women (in their third trimester) included 43 preeclampsia patients and 45 normotensive pregnant women as controls. The main findings of this study were the significantly elevated copper levels and decreased thiol levels (native and total thiols) in the patient group compared to controls (p < 0.05). Disulfide levels were not statistically different between the groups (p > 0.05). In patients, the predictive cutoff value of copper was 224 μg/dL and was 1.19 for the copper/native thiol ratio. Zinc levels were not statistically different between the two groups. Correlation analysis revealed no relationship between zinc-copper and zinc-total thiol levels in patients, while a positive correlation was evident in controls (zinc-copper, p < 0.05, r = 0.425, and zinc-total thiol levels, p < 0.05, r = 0.642). Patients had marginally high ALT and AST values in the normal range, and a significant difference was found between the two groups (p < 0.05). According to these results, elevated copper levels and decreased thiol levels may have a value for early prediction. The mechanisms that may be responsible for the altered element and thiol status have been discussed here in the context of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Zehra Gul
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nil Atakul
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Istanbul Education Research Hospital, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sahabettin Selek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Atamer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, 34398, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Sarıkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Yıldız
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Demirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey
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Vicker SL, Maina EN, Showalter AK, Tran N, Davidson EE, Bailey MR, McGarry SW, Freije WM, West JD. Broader than expected tolerance for substitutions in the WCGPCK catalytic motif of yeast thioredoxin 2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:308-313. [PMID: 34530076 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxins constitute a key class of oxidant defense enzymes that facilitate disulfide bond reduction in oxidized substrate proteins. While thioredoxin's WCGPCK active site motif is highly conserved in traditional model organisms, predicted thioredoxins from newly sequenced genomes show variability in this motif, making ascertaining which genes encode functional thioredoxins with robust activity a challenge. To address this problem, we generated a semi-saturation mutagenesis library of approximately 70 thioredoxin variants harboring mutations adjacent to their catalytic cysteines, making substitutions in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae thioredoxin Trx2. Using this library, we determined how such substitutions impact oxidant defense in yeast along with how they influence disulfide reduction and interaction with binding partners in vivo. The majority of thioredoxin variants screened rescued the slow growth phenotype that accompanies deletion of the yeast cytosolic thioredoxins; however, the ability of these mutant proteins to protect against H2O2-mediated toxicity, facilitate disulfide reduction, and interact with redox partners varied widely, depending on the site being mutated and the substitution made. We report that thioredoxin is less tolerant of substitutions at its conserved tryptophan and proline in the active site motif, while it is more amenable to substitutions at the conserved glycine and lysine. Our work highlights a noteworthy plasticity within the active site of this critical oxidant defense enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna L Vicker
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Eran N Maina
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Abigail K Showalter
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Nghi Tran
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Emma E Davidson
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Morgan R Bailey
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Stephen W McGarry
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Wilson M Freije
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - James D West
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Program, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA.
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Amarakoon TN, Ke N, Aspinwall CA, Miranda KM. Quantification of intracellular HNO delivery with capillary zone electrophoresis. Nitric Oxide 2022; 118:49-58. [PMID: 34715361 PMCID: PMC8758193 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Redox signaling, wherein reactive and diffusible small molecules are channeled into specific messenger functions, is a critical component of signal transduction. A central principle of redox signaling is that the redox modulators are produced in a highly controlled fashion to specifically modify biotargets. Thiols serve as primary mediators of redox signaling as a function of the rich variety of adducts, which allows initiation of distinct cellular effects. Coupling the inherent reactivity of thiols with highly sensitive and selective chemical analysis protocols can facilitate identification of redox signaling agents, both in solution and in cultured cells. Here, we describe use of capillary zone electrophoresis to both identify and quantify sulfinamides, which are specific markers of the reaction of thiols with nitroxyl (HNO), a putative biologically relevant reactive nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini N Amarakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Neng Ke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Craig A Aspinwall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Krogerus K, Fletcher E, Rettberg N, Gibson B, Preiss R. Efficient breeding of industrial brewing yeast strains using CRISPR/Cas9-aided mating-type switching. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8359-76. [PMID: 34643787 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Yeast breeding is a powerful tool for developing and improving brewing yeast in a number of industry-relevant respects. However, breeding of industrial brewing yeast can be challenging, as strains are typically sterile and have large complex genomes. To facilitate breeding, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate double-stranded breaks in the MAT locus, generating transformants with a single specified mating type. The single mating type remained stable even after loss of the Cas9 plasmid, despite the strains being homothallic, and these strains could be readily mated with other brewing yeast transformants of opposite mating type. As a proof of concept, we applied this technology to generate yeast hybrids with an aim to increase β-lyase activity for fermentation of beer with enhanced hop flavour. First, a genetic and phenotypic pre-screening of 38 strains was carried out in order to identify potential parent strains with high β-lyase activity. Mating-competent transformants of eight parent strains were generated, and these were used to generate over 60 hybrids that were screened for β-lyase activity. Selected phenolic off-flavour positive (POF +) hybrids were further sporulated to generate meiotic segregants with high β-lyase activity, efficient wort fermentation, and lack of POF, all traits that are desirable in strains for the fermentation of modern hop-forward beers. Our study demonstrates the power of combining the CRISPR/Cas9 system with classic yeast breeding to facilitate development and diversification of brewing yeast. KEY POINTS: • CRISPR/Cas9-based mating-type switching was applied to industrial yeast strains. • Transformed strains could be readily mated to form intraspecific hybrids. • Hybrids exhibited heterosis for a number of brewing-relevant traits.
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Sobze L, Derda R. Development and Characterization of Light-Responsive Peptide Macrocycles. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2371:411-26. [PMID: 34596861 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1689-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Small molecules, peptide macrocycles, and protein conjugates that reversibly turn their function on and off in response to visible light enabled the fields of photopharmacology and optochemical genetics. In this chapter, we describe a method for the synthesis of light-responsive (LR) macrocycles from linear peptides composed of 20 natural amino acids. Bioactive LR molecules can be produced by grafting azobenzene or other LR-structures onto molecules with known biological functions (e.g., alpha-helical peptides). The resulting macrocyclic peptide contains two loops of amino acids, which is constrained with an azobenzene moiety that can change the conformation in response to visible light.
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Pesonen L, Svartsjö S, Bäck V, de Thonel A, Mezger V, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Roos-Mattjus P. Gambogic acid and gambogenic acid induce a thiol-dependent heat shock response and disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 or HSF2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:819-833. [PMID: 34331200 PMCID: PMC8492855 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on heat shock proteins (HSPs) for growth and survival. Especially HSP90 has multiple client proteins and plays a critical role in malignant transformation, and therefore different types of HSP90 inhibitors are being developed. The bioactive natural compound gambogic acid (GB) is a prenylated xanthone with antitumor activity, and it has been proposed to function as an HSP90 inhibitor. However, there are contradicting reports whether GB induces a heat shock response (HSR), which is cytoprotective for cancer cells and therefore a potentially problematic feature for an anticancer drug. In this study, we show that GB and a structurally related compound, called gambogenic acid (GBA), induce a robust HSR, in a thiol-dependent manner. Using heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) or HSF2 knockout cells, we show that the GB or GBA-induced HSR is HSF1-dependent. Intriguingly, using closed form ATP-bound HSP90 mutants that can be co-precipitated with HSF1, a known facilitator of cancer, we show that also endogenous HSF2 co-precipitates with HSP90. GB and GBA treatment disrupt the interaction between HSP90 and HSF1 and HSP90 and HSF2. Our study implies that these compounds should be used cautiously if developed for cancer therapies, since GB and its derivative GBA are strong inducers of the HSR, in multiple cell types, by involving the dissociation of a HSP90-HSF1/HSF2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pesonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Sally Svartsjö
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Viktor Bäck
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland
| | - Aurélie de Thonel
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- Université de Paris, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, CNRS, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pia Roos-Mattjus
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6, 20520, Åbo/Turku, Finland.
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Çakırca G, Damar Çakırca T, Üstünel M, Torun A, Koyuncu İ. Thiol level and total oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with COVID-19 infection. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1925-1930. [PMID: 34467472 PMCID: PMC8407933 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress is closely related to the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 infection. Here, we attempted to compare thiol, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels between COVID-19 patients who need and do not need intensive care unit (ICU) support, and determine whether these markers could be used as predictors of ICU admission. Methods We recruited 86 patients with COVID-19 infection and classified them into two groups according to the level of care: ICU group (n = 40) and non-ICU group (n = 46). Thiol, TAS, TOS, and OSI levels were determined and compared between the two groups. Results The levels of thiol and TAS in serum were markedly lower in ICU patients than in the non-ICU patients. On the contrary, TOS and OSI levels were markedly higher. Inflammatory markers, including white blood cell, neutrophil, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and ferritin, were negatively correlated with the thiol and TAS, and positively correlated with the TOS and OSI. We determined that areas under the ROC curve for thiol, TAS, TOS, and OSI were 0.799, 0.778, 0.713, and 0.780, respectively. Conclusions Our results revealed that the increase in oxidative stress and decrease in antioxidant levels in COVID-19-infected patients were associated with worsening of disease. Thiol, TAS, TOS, and OSI parameters can be used to distinguish between ICU patients and those who do not, among which thiol was the best predictor of ICU requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Çakırca
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanliurfa Mehmet Akif Inan Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Tuba Damar Çakırca
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Murat Üstünel
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Torun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sanliurfa Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İsmail Koyuncu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Ramek M, Pejić J, Sabolović J. Structure prediction of neutral physiological copper(II) compounds with l-cysteine and l-histidine. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 223:111536. [PMID: 34274876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bis(aminoacidato)copper(II) [CuII(aa)2] coordination compounds are the physiological species of copper(II) amino acid compounds in blood plasma. Since there are no experimental data in the literature about the geometries that physiological CuII(aa)2 could form with l-cysteine (Cys), that is, for bis(l-cysteinato)copper(II) [Cu(Cys)2] and the ternary (l-histidinato)(l-cysteinato)copper(II) [Cu(His)(Cys)], this paper computationally examines the possible conformations that the two compounds could form with the Cys ligand having a protonated sulfur, as in the conventional zwitterion, which was determined to be prevailing in aqueous solution. These two amino acids can bind metals in a tridentate fashion and thus form many possible coordination patterns. Density functional calculations were performed for the conformational analyses in the gas phase and in implicitly modeled aqueous solution using a polarizable continuum model. Additionally, we examine which coordination mode, with thiol or thiolate group, is more stable. The Cys coordination via the amino N and carboxylato O atoms (a glycinato mode) is obtained as the most stable one in aqueous Cu(Cys)2, and also in Cu(His)(Cys) when the His glycinato or histaminato mode combines with the intact thiol group. Whereas the conformers with N and thiol S as the copper(II) donor atoms are predicted to be the least stable, those with the Cu-N and Cu-S(thiolate) bonding (and protonated carboxylato group) are the most stable. The differences are explained by different covalent and ionic contributions of Cu-S(thiol) vs. Cu-S(thiolate). The study can contribute to the insight into formation and reactivity of the copper(II) cysteinato complexes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ramek
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jelena Pejić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Sabolović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Mete AÖ, Koçak K, Saracaloglu A, Demiryürek S, Altınbaş Ö, Demiryürek AT. Effects of antiviral drug therapy on dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide levels in COVID-19 patients. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174306. [PMID: 34245744 PMCID: PMC8262407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a serious global pandemic. Although an oxidative stress imbalance occurs in COVID-19 patients, the contributions of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide (NO) generation to the pathogenesis of COVID-19 have been poorly identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of antiviral drug therapy on the serum dynamics of thiol/disulphide homeostasis and NO levels in COVID-19 patients. A total of 50 adult patients with COVID-19 and 43 sex-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in this prospective study. Venous blood samples were collected immediately on admission to the hospital within 24 h after the diagnosis (pre-treatment) and at the 15th day of drug therapy (post-treatment). Serum native thiol and total thiol levels were measured, and the amounts of dynamic disulphide bonds and related ratios were calculated. The average pre-treatment total and native thiol levels were significantly lower than the post-treatment values (P < 0.001 for all). We observed no significant changes in disulphide levels or disulphide/total thiol, disulphide/native thiol, or native thiol/total thiol ratios between pre- and post-treatments. There was also a significant increase in serum NO levels in the pre-treatment values when compared to control (P < 0.001) and post-treatment measurements (P < 0.01). Our results strongly suggest that thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitrosative stress can contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This study was the first to show that antiviral drug therapy can prevent the depletion in serum thiol levels and decrease serum NO levels in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Özlem Mete
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Kübra Koçak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Saracaloglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Seniz Demiryürek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Özgür Altınbaş
- Department of Operating Room Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Abdullah T Demiryürek
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Vocational School of Health Services, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Wu J, Sigler A, Pfaff A, Cen N, Ercal N, Shi H. Development of a HPLC-MS/MS method for assessment of thiol redox status in human tear fluids. Anal Biochem 2021; 629:114295. [PMID: 34186074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is reported to be part of the pathology of many ocular diseases. For the diagnosis of ocular diseases, tear fluid has unique advantages. Although numerous analytical methods exist for the measurement of different types of biomolecules in tear fluid, few have been reported for comprehensive understanding of oxidative stress-related thiol redox signaling. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine a panel of twelve metabolites that systematically covered several thiol metabolic pathways. With optimization of MS/MS parameters and HPLC mobile phases, this method was sensitive (LOQ as low as 0.01 ng/ml), accurate (80-125% spike recovery) and precise (<10% RSD). This LC-MS/MS method combined with a simple tear fluid collection with Schirmer test strip followed by ultrafiltration allowed the high-throughput analysis for efficient determination of metabolites associated with thiol redox signaling in human tear fluids. The method was then applied to a small cohort of tear fluids obtained from healthy individuals. The method presented here provides a new technique to facilitate future work aiming to determine the complex thiol redox signaling in tear fluids for accurate assessment and diagnosis of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Austin Sigler
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Annalise Pfaff
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Nan Cen
- Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States
| | - Nuran Ercal
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States.
| | - Honglan Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, United States.
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Seidi F, Reza Saeb M, Huang Y, Akbari A, Xiao H. Thiomers of Chitosan and Cellulose: Effective Biosorbents for Detection, Removal and Recovery of Metal Ions from Aqueous Medium. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1876-1896. [PMID: 34101343 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Removal of toxic metal ions using adsorbents is a well-known strategy for water treatment. While chitosan and cellulose can adsorb weakly some types of metals, incorporating thiols as metal chelating agents can improve their sorption behaviors significantly. Presented in this review are the various chemical modification strategies applicable for thiolation of chitosan and cellulose in the forms of mercaptans, xanthates and dithiocarbamates. Moreover, much attention has been paid to the specific strategies for controlling the thiolation degree and characterization approaches for establishing the structure-property relationship. Also, the kinetics and isotherm models that elucidate the adsorption processes and mechanisms induced by the thiomers have been explained. These thiomers have found great potentials in the applications associated with metal removal, metal recovery and metal detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yang Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Yıldırım Köpük Ş, Özer N, Çekmez Y, Erel Ö, Kıran G. The relationship between serum thiol levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis in women with tubal ectopic pregnancy. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102175. [PMID: 34089948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in tubal ectopic pregnancies in terms of early diagnosis of the disease. DESIGN A prospective case-control study was carried out between June 2017-February 2018 in the Gynaecology Department of Umraniye Medical and Research Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 women with ectopic pregnancy were compared with 44 healthy women who have intrauterine first trimester pregnancies. The thiol/disulfide homeostasis is evaluated with the spectrophotometric measurement method that was recently developed by Erel&Neselioglu. RESULTS Disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol ratios were increased (p = 0.018 and p = 0.023 respectively), while native thiol/total thiol ratios and native thiol levels were decreased in tubal ectopic pregnancy group according to control group (p = 0.023). Between control and tubal ectopic pregnancy groups no differences were measured in disulfide levels (p = 0.350). The area under curve for native thiol and total thiol were 0.937 and 0.927, respectively. The optimum cut off value for native thiol was 379.95 μmol/l with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 81%. The optimum cut off value for total thiol was 432.5 μmol/l had 92% sensitivity and 79% specificity. LIMITATIONS In the study, whether intrauterine pregnancies resulted in miscarriage or delivery can be examined. CONCLUSION Increased disulfide/native thiol levels, disulfide/total-thiol ratio and decreased native/total thiol ratio were found to be significantly associated with the presence of tubal ectopic pregnancy which can be useful for the early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Yıldırım Köpük
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Acıbadem Maslak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Kıran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sauerland M, Mertes R, Morozzi C, Eggler AL, Gamon LF, Davies MJ. Kinetic assessment of Michael addition reactions of alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to amino acid and protein thiols. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:1-11. [PMID: 33819622 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Humans have extensive adverse exposure to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (ABuCs) as these are major toxins in smoke and exhaust fumes, as well as products of lipid peroxidation. In contrast, another ABuC, dimethylfumarate, is used to treat psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. ABuCs undergo Michael adduction with amine, imidazole and thiol groups, with reaction at Cys residues predominating. Here we report rate constants, k2, for ABuCs (acrolein, crotonaldehyde, dimethylfumarate, cyclohex-1-en-2-one, cyclopent-1-en-2-one) with Cys residues present on N-Ac-Cys, GSH, bovine serum albumin, creatine kinase, papain, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and both wild-type and the C151S mutant of Keap-1. k2 values for N-Ac-Cys and GSH vary by > 250-fold, indicating a marked ABuC structure dependence, with acrolein the most reactive. There is also considerable variation in k2 between protein Cys groups, with these significantly greater than for GSH. A linear inverse correlation for acrolein with the thiol pKa indicates that the thiolate anion is the reactive species. The modest k2 for GSH rationalizes the detection of protein adducts of ABuCs in cells. The k2 values for dimethylfumarate also vary markedly, with the Cys151 residue on Keap-1 being particularly reactive, with the C151S mutant giving a much lower k2 value. The data for crotonaldehyde, dimethylfumarate, and cyclohex-1-en-2-one show little correlation with the Cys pKa values, indicating that steric/electronic interactions, rather than Cys ionization are important. These data indicate that protein Cys residues, and particularly Cys151 on Keap-1, react readily with dimethylfumarate, and this may help rationalize the use of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Sauerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ralf Mertes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Chiara Morozzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Aimee L Eggler
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Luke F Gamon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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Ku JWK, Gan YH. New roles for glutathione: Modulators of bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102012. [PMID: 34090244 PMCID: PMC8182430 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols contain reducing sulfhydryl groups that are important for maintaining antioxidant defense in the cell. Aside from the traditional roles of LMW thiols as redox regulators in bacteria, glutathione (GSH) has been reported to affect virulence and bacterial pathogenesis. The role of GSH in virulence is diverse, including the activation of virulence gene expression and contributing to optimal biofilm formation. GSH can also be converted to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is important for the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. Besides GSH, some bacteria produce other LMW thiols such as mycothiol and bacillithiol that affect bacterial virulence. We discuss these newer reported functions of LMW thiols modulating bacterial pathogenesis either directly or indirectly and via modulation of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wei Kay Ku
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore.
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Moghimi Khorasgani A, Moradi R, Jafarpour F, Ghazvinizadehgan F, Ostadhosseini S, Heydarnezhad A, Fouladi-Nashta AA, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Can Overcome The Reduced Developmental Competency Induced by Alcohol Toxicity during Ovine Oocyte Maturation. Cell J 2021; 23:164-173. [PMID: 34096217 PMCID: PMC8196229 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) as a strong antioxidant has a protective effect. This study was designed to assess
whether supplementation of maturation medium with ALA during in vitro maturation (IVM) can attenuate the toxic effect
of ethanol.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, to assess the antioxidant capacity of ALA challenged by 1% ethanol
during in vitro maturation, immature ovine oocytes were exposed to 1% alcohol in the presence or absence of 25 µM
ALA during oocyte maturation. The cumulus expansion index, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thiol
content levels were assessed in matured oocytes of various treatment groups. Consequently, the blastocyst formation
rate of matured oocytes in various treatment groups were assessed. In addition, total cell number (TCN), cell allocation,
DNA fragmentation, and relative gene expression of interested genes were assessed in resultant blastocysts.
Results The results revealed that alcohol significantly reduced cumulus cells (CCs) expansion index and blastocyst
yield and rate of apoptosis in resultant embryos. Addition of 25 µM ALA to 1% ethanol during oocyte maturation
decreased ROS level and elevated Thiolcontent. Furthermore, supplementation of maturation medium with ALA
attenuated the effect of 1% ethanol and significantly increased the blastocyst formation and hatching rate as compared
to control and ethanol groups. In addition, the quality of blastocysts produced in ALA+ethanol was improved based
on the low number of TUNEL positive cells, the increased expression level of mRNA for pluripotency, and anti-oxidant
markers, and decreased expression of apoptotic genes.
Conclusion The current findings demonstrate that ALA can diminish the effect of ethanol, possibly by decreasing the
ROS level and increasing Thiolcontent during oocyte maturation. Using the ALA supplement may have implications in
protecting oocytes from alcohol toxicity in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghimi Khorasgani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Moradi
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. Emails:
| | - Faezeh Ghazvinizadehgan
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Heydarnezhad
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Fouladi-Nashta
- Reproduction Genes and Development Group, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, HawksheadLane Hatfield, Herts AL97TA, UK
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Arpa M, Şen B, Beyazal MS, Erel Ö. Evaluation of Thiol-disulfide Homeostasis in Active Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2021; 18:S1699-258X(21)00118-2. [PMID: 34016551 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The etiopathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), which is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory, systemic disease, has not been fully elucidated yet. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis, a component of antioxidant defense, is thought to play a role in the etiology of inflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the existence of oxidative stress in active AS patients with thiol-disulfide homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who were found to have high (n: 27) and very-high (n: 18) activity levels with ASDAS-ESR and 40 healthy controls participated in the study. Serum native-thiol (NT), total-thiol (TT), and disulfide levels were analyzed by an automated colorimetric method. RESULTS While TT and NT levels were significantly decreased in patients compared to the control group, the disulfide levels were increased. There was a significant negative correlation between ESR, and NT, TT in both groups and also between hsCRP and NT, TT in very-high active AS patients.TT and NT levels were significantly higher in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) users compared to those using biological agents. CONCLUSIONS The deterioration of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in favor of disulfide; correlations between ESR, CRP, and NT, TT support the use of thiol-disulfide variables in determining the disease activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medeni Arpa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Bayram Şen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital, Rize, Turkey
| | - Münevver Serdaroğlu Beyazal
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Ankara, Turkey
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Alisik M, Alisik T, Nacir B, Neselioglu S, Genc-Isik I, Koyuncu P, Erel O. Erythrocyte reduced/oxidized glutathione and serum thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Biochem 2021; 94:56-61. [PMID: 33933432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the most known mechanisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) pathophysiology, which is still not fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated oxidative status by determining intracellular reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) homeostasis and serum thiol/disulfide (SH/SS) homeostasis in RA patients. METHODS A total of 152 RA patient and 89 healthy controls were included in the study. RA patients were subdivided according to disease activity score-28 (DAS-28) as active RA and remission RA. Intracellular GSH/GSSG and serum SH/SS homeostasis parameters were analyzed. RESULTS Median (1st-3rd quartile values) SS/SH and GSSG/GSH percent ratio levels were significantly higher in RA patients (6.94 (6.02-8.54) and 69.8 (44.05-85.29); respectively) compared to controls (4.62 (4.15-5.46) and 34.9 (22.43-62.2); respectively) (p < 0.05 for all). SS/SH and GSSG/GSH percent ratio levels were significantly higher in active RA patients when compared to remission RA patients and controls (p < 0.05 for all). SS/SH and GSSG/GSH percent ratios were significantly increased in remission RA group compared to controls (p < 0.05 for all). DAS28 scores were positively correlated with SS/SH and GSSG/GSH percent ratios (rho = 0.259 and 0.296; respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that active intracellular and extracellular thiol group oxidation process might play a role in RA pathogenesis and further work in these areas may be warranted to show potential value of evaluating intracellular GSSG/GSH and serum SH/SS balances together in disease monitoring.
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Gomez-Contreras PC, Kluz PN, Hines MR, Coleman MC. Intersections Between Mitochondrial Metabolism and Redox Biology Mediate Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:32. [PMID: 33893892 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-00994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will cover foundational studies and recent findings that established key concepts for understanding the importance of redox biology to chondrocyte mitochondrial function and osteoarthritis pathophysiology after injury. RECENT FINDINGS Articular chondrocyte mitochondria can be protected with a wide variety of antioxidants that will be discussed within a framework suggested by classic studies. These agents not only underscore the importance of thiol metabolism and associated redox function for chondrocyte mitochondria but also suggest complex interactions with signal transduction pathways and other molecular features of osteoarthritis that require more thorough investigation. Emerging evidence also indicates that reductive stress could occur alongside oxidative stress. Recent studies have shed new light on historic paradoxes in chondrocyte redox and mitochondrial physiology, leading to the development of promising disease-modifying therapies for posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paige N Kluz
- University of Iowa, 1182 Biomedical Laboratories, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Madeline R Hines
- University of Iowa, 1182 Biomedical Laboratories, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, 52242, USA
| | - Mitchell C Coleman
- University of Iowa, 1182 Biomedical Laboratories, 500 Newton Road, Iowa City, 52242, USA.
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Osuna FJ, Pavón E, Alba MD. Pb 2+, Cd 2+ and Hg 2+ removal by designed functionalized swelling high-charged micas. Sci Total Environ 2021; 764:142811. [PMID: 33069468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing accumulation of toxic heavy metals in the environment has generated the need of efficient removal systems, being the adsorption method the most popular one applied in aqueous solutions. Of particular concern is the case of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ due to their high potential hazard. In this paper, we describe the feasibility of a new family of nanomaterials, swelling high charge micas, in the removal of these cations from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out in the as-made micas, NaMn, and after functionalization with ethylammonium, EA-Mn, and mercaptoethylammonium, MEA-Mn. The results have demonstrated that all of them are efficient heavy metal adsorbents, being Na-M2 the best adsorbent for Pb2+ and Cd2+, and, MEA-M2 for Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Osuna
- Instituto Ciencia de los Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Avda. Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, (Spain)
| | - E Pavón
- Instituto Ciencia de los Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Avda. Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, (Spain); Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, (Spain)
| | - M D Alba
- Instituto Ciencia de los Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Avda. Americo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, (Spain).
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Nogueira CW, Barbosa NV, Rocha JBT. Toxicology and pharmacology of synthetic organoselenium compounds: an update. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1179-226. [PMID: 33792762 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we addressed the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic organoselenium compounds and some naturally occurring organoselenium amino acids. The use of selenium as a tool in organic synthesis and as a pharmacological agent goes back to the middle of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The rediscovery of ebselen and its investigation in clinical trials have motivated the search for new organoselenium molecules with pharmacological properties. Although ebselen and diselenides have some overlapping pharmacological properties, their molecular targets are not identical. However, they have similar anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, possibly, via activation of transcription factors, regulating the expression of antioxidant genes. In short, our knowledge about the pharmacological properties of simple organoselenium compounds is still elusive. However, contrary to our early expectations that they could imitate selenoproteins, organoselenium compounds seem to have non-specific modulatory activation of antioxidant pathways and specific inhibitory effects in some thiol-containing proteins. The thiol-oxidizing properties of organoselenium compounds are considered the molecular basis of their chronic toxicity; however, the acute use of organoselenium compounds as inhibitors of specific thiol-containing enzymes can be of therapeutic significance. In summary, the outcomes of the clinical trials of ebselen as a mimetic of lithium or as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 proteases will be important to the field of organoselenium synthesis. The development of computational techniques that could predict rational modifications in the structure of organoselenium compounds to increase their specificity is required to construct a library of thiol-modifying agents with selectivity toward specific target proteins.
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