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McCartney JM, Leavens DA. The Role of Life History and Familiarity in Performance of Working and Non-Working Dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris) in a Point-Following Task. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:573. [PMID: 38396541 PMCID: PMC10885941 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs are very successful at following human communicative gestures in paradigms such as the object-choice task. Pet dogs also prefer responding to cues given by a familiar cue-giver and this had not been found in working dogs. Therefore, we tested three groups of dogs in the object-choice task (n = 54): the groups were "Actively working" dogs from working dog breeds, pet dogs from "Non-working breeds" and pet dogs from "Working breeds". We found that "Actively working" and "Working breeds" dog groups outperformed "Non-working breeds" in following a point in the object-choice task. We also found that both "Actively working" and "Working breeds" preferred a familiar cue-giver over an unfamiliar one, in contrast to previous findings. Therefore, we conclude that dogs' abilities to perform well in the object-choice task is influenced by the selective history of the breed, and this is then increased by life experience and training.
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Yan D, Li G, Zhang H, Xue Q, Zhou C, Jiang Y, Yin J, Wang Z, Zhao W, Han W. Metagenomic Sequencing Revealed Differences in the Composition of Cecal Microbes in Different Breeds of Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 38200759 PMCID: PMC10778133 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms are closely related to the health, development, and production performance of animals and can also provide basic information for us to fully understand and explore the germplasm characteristics and traits of local chicken breeds. In this experiment, we used five local Chinese chicken breeds as research materials; metagenomic sequencing technology was used to explore the differences in the composition of intestinal microorganisms in different breeds, and it was found that each local chicken breed had unique unigenes, of which Silkies had the most, with a total of 12,948. GO and KEGG analyses found that the biological processes most enriched by differential functional genes include genetic coding, macromolecular transport, protein synthesis, and molecular functions such as glycoprotein binding, protein hydrolysis, etc. Each breed is enriched with specific pathways, such as Anyi tile-like gray chickens, which are enriched with pathways related to disease resistance, while Gamecocks' enrichment is related to amino acid metabolism. Random Forest and LEfSe analyses revealed specific species of intestinal microorganisms in the cecum of different breeds, such as Exiguobacterium, which is associated with melanin deposition in Silkies. Therefore, we infer that gut microorganisms are closely related to the formation of chicken breed characteristics, and the results of this experiment can provide a theoretical basis for the discovery of high-quality traits and the improvement of feeding conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Huiyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Qian Xue
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Chenghao Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Yixiu Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Jianmei Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Science, National Chickens Genetic Resources, Yangzhou 225125, China; (D.Y.); (G.L.)
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Atroshchenko M, Dementieva N, Shcherbakov Y, Nikolaeva O, Azovtseva A, Ryabova A, Nikitkina E, Makhmutova O, Datsyshin A, Zakharov V, Zaitsev A. The Genetic Diversity of Horse Native Breeds in Russia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2148. [PMID: 38136970 PMCID: PMC10743158 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses were domesticated later than other farm animals. Horse breeds have been selectively developed by humans to satisfy different needs and purposes. The factory and indigenous breeds are of particular interest, having been bred in purity for many centuries without the addition of foreign blood. Data from 31 stud farms, as well as ranches, located in fifteen regions of the Russian Federation were used in this work. DNA was sampled from 102 stallions of 11 breeds: Arabian, Akhal-Teke, Don, Orlov Trotter, Vladimir Heavy Draft, Russian Heavy Draft, Soviet Heavy Draft, Kabardin, Yakut, Tuva, and Vyatka. Data on the origin of each animal from which the material was collected were taken into account. DNA genotyping was carried out using GGP Equine 70 k ® array chips (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Genetic diversity of horse breeds was estimated using Admixture 1.3. and PLINK 1.9 software. FROH inbreeding was computed via the R detectRUNS package. The minimum length for ROH was set at 1 Mb to reduce the occurrence of false positives. We conducted PCA analysis using PLINK 1.9, and used the ggplot2 library in R for visualizing the results. Indigenous equine breeds, such as Vyatka, Tuva, and Yakut, are very hardy, and well adapted to local environmental and climatic conditions. They are employed as draft power, as well as for milk and meat. Both the Akhal-Teke breed and the Arabian breed have retained a minimum effective population size over many generations. We note significant accumulations of homozygosity in these breeds. In equestrian sports, performance is a top priority. ADMIXTURE and PCA analyses showed similarities between Don equine breeds and Kabardin, as well as some Arabian breed animals. Earlier research indicated the presence of thoroughbred traits in Don stallions. The Orlov Trotter breed stands out as a separate cluster in the structural and PCA analyses. Considering the small population size of this breed, our study found high FROH in all tested animals. The general reduction in the diversity of the horse breed gene pool, due to numerous crosses for breed improvement with thoroughbreds, has lead to a decline in the differences between the top sporting breeds. Our study presents new opportunities for exploring the genetic factors that influence the formation of adaptive traits in indigenous breeds, and for finding ways to preserve genetic diversity for effective population reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Atroshchenko
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Rybnovskij District, Divovo 391105, Russia; (M.A.); (O.M.); (A.D.); (V.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Natalia Dementieva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding—Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Pushkin 196625, Russia; (Y.S.); (O.N.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Yuri Shcherbakov
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding—Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Pushkin 196625, Russia; (Y.S.); (O.N.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Olga Nikolaeva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding—Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Pushkin 196625, Russia; (Y.S.); (O.N.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Anastasiia Azovtseva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding—Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Pushkin 196625, Russia; (Y.S.); (O.N.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Anna Ryabova
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding—Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Pushkin 196625, Russia; (Y.S.); (O.N.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Elena Nikitkina
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding—Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, St. Petersburg, Pushkin 196625, Russia; (Y.S.); (O.N.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Oksana Makhmutova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Rybnovskij District, Divovo 391105, Russia; (M.A.); (O.M.); (A.D.); (V.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrey Datsyshin
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Rybnovskij District, Divovo 391105, Russia; (M.A.); (O.M.); (A.D.); (V.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Viktor Zakharov
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Rybnovskij District, Divovo 391105, Russia; (M.A.); (O.M.); (A.D.); (V.Z.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alexander Zaitsev
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Rybnovskij District, Divovo 391105, Russia; (M.A.); (O.M.); (A.D.); (V.Z.); (A.Z.)
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Volkova NA, Romanov MN, Abdelmanova AS, Larionova PV, German NY, Vetokh AN, Shakhin AV, Volkova LA, Anshakov DV, Fisinin VI, Narushin VG, Griffin DK, Sölkner J, Brem G, McEwan JC, Brauning R, Zinovieva NA. Genotyping-by-Sequencing Strategy for Integrating Genomic Structure, Diversity and Performance of Various Japanese Quail ( Coturnix japonica) Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3439. [PMID: 38003057 PMCID: PMC10668688 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traces of long-term artificial selection can be detected in genomes of domesticated birds via whole-genome screening using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. This study thus examined putative genomic regions under selection that are relevant to the development history, divergence and phylogeny among Japanese quails of various breeds and utility types. We sampled 99 birds from eight breeds (11% of the global gene pool) of egg (Japanese, English White, English Black, Tuxedo and Manchurian Golden), meat (Texas White and Pharaoh) and dual-purpose (Estonian) types. The genotyping-by-sequencing analysis was performed for the first time in domestic quails, providing 62,935 SNPs. Using principal component analysis, Neighbor-Net and Admixture algorithms, the studied breeds were characterized according to their genomic architecture, ancestry and direction of selective breeding. Japanese and Pharaoh breeds had the smallest number and length of homozygous segments indicating a lower selective pressure. Tuxedo and Texas White breeds showed the highest values of these indicators and genomic inbreeding suggesting a greater homozygosity. We revealed evidence for the integration of genomic and performance data, and our findings are applicable for elucidating the history of creation and genomic variability in quail breeds that, in turn, will be useful for future breeding improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Volkova
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Alexandra S. Abdelmanova
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Polina V. Larionova
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Nadezhda Yu. German
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Anastasia N. Vetokh
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Alexey V. Shakhin
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Ludmila A. Volkova
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
| | - Dmitry V. Anshakov
- Breeding and Genetic Center Zagorsk Experimental Breeding Farm—Branch of the Federal Research Centre, All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad 141311, Moscow Oblast, Russia;
| | - Vladimir I. Fisinin
- Federal Research Center “All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad 141311, Moscow Oblast, Russia;
| | - Valeriy G. Narushin
- Research Institute for Environment Treatment, 69032 Zaporizhya, Ukraine;
- Vita-Market Co., Ltd., 69032 Zaporizhya, Ukraine
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Johann Sölkner
- Institute of Livestock Sciences (NUWI), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gottfried Brem
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - John C. McEwan
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand; (J.C.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Rudiger Brauning
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand; (J.C.M.); (R.B.)
| | - Natalia A. Zinovieva
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk 142132, Moscow Oblast, Russia; (N.A.V.); (A.S.A.); (P.V.L.); (N.Y.G.); (A.N.V.); (A.V.S.); (L.A.V.)
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Xiong X, Ma J, He Q, Chen X, Wang Z, Li L, Xu J, Xie J, Rao Y. Characteristics and potential biomarkers of flavor compounds in four Chinese indigenous chicken breeds. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1279141. [PMID: 37899822 PMCID: PMC10600453 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese indigenous chickens have a long history of natural and artificial selection and are popular for their excellent meat quality and unique flavor. This study investigated six meat quality-related traits in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, Kangle, and Shengze 901 chickens. Two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to detect unique flavors in 24 breast muscle samples from the same phenotyped chickens. Overall, 685, 618, 502, and 487 volatile organic compounds were identified in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, Kangle, and Shengze 901 chickens, respectively. The flavor components were separated into eight categories, including hydrocarbons and aldehydes. Multivariate analyses of the identified flavor components revealed some outstanding features of these breeds. For example, the hydrocarbons (22.09%) and aldehydes (14.76%) were higher in Ningdu yellow chickens and the highest content of N, N-dimethyl-methylamine was in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, and Shengze 901 chickens, indicating the maximum attribution to the overall flavor (ROAV = 439.57, 289.21, and 422.80). Furthermore, we found that 27 flavor compounds differed significantly among the four Chinese breeds, including 20 (e.g., 1-octen-3-ol), two (e.g., 2-methyl-naphthalene), four (e.g., 2,6-lutidine), and one (benzophenone) flavor components were showed significant enrichment in Ningdu yellow, Baier yellow, Kangle, and Shengze 901 chickens, respectively. The flavor components enriched in each breed were key biomarkers distinguishing breeds and most were significantly correlated with meat quality trait phenotypes. These results provide novel insights into indigenous Chinese chicken meat flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinge Ma
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Longyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiguo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfang Xie
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yousheng Rao
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Kolbaum N, Maus F, Nuss K. [Comparison of production data and reasons for culling in Hinterwald, Vorderwald, Fleckvieh and Holstein cows from 1953 to 2021]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:284-295. [PMID: 37956671 PMCID: PMC10643019 DOI: 10.1055/a-2084-9976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to determine the current inventory of Hinterwald cows in Baden Wurttemberg and in Switzerland. A secondary goal was to compare the production data and registered reasons for culling in Hinterwald, Vorderwald, Fleckvieh and Holstein dairy cows in order to determine possible differences between extensive and intensive husbandry practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevant breeding organization data from 1953 to 2021 were obtained and analyzed. The data of the Hinterwald Breed Association of Switzerland were also included in this study because a large population has been established in the past 40 years. RESULTS The number of Hinterwald cows used in dairy production has markedly declined in their original area of distribution in the highland zone of the Southern Black Forest. There is reason to fear that the use of this breed on dairy farms may eventually cease. In contrast, an increase in the number of Hinterwald cattle in extensive farming for meat production was seen in the Black Forest region and in Switzerland. Compared with Vorderwald, Holstein and Fleckvieh cows, the milk yield of Hinterwald cows has not increased significantly over the last 60 years, whereas other production data including fertility parameters, udder health, feet and leg scores and longevity have been outstanding. The breed comparison also revealed that the enormous increase in milk yield in the most popular dairy breeds has occurred at the expense of an unacceptably high disease prevalence and an associated shortened lifespan, often under suboptimal husbandry conditions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Hinterwald breed has survived as a result of the resilience of many farmers, the financial commitment of private organizations and governmental support. The characteristics of Hinterwald cattle are excellent, making this breed an ideal choice for sustainable farming, which is a necessity in view of climate change. It would appear prudent to preserve and support this breed and others as they represent a valuable gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kolbaum
- Abteilung für Nutztierchirurgie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät,
Universität Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Franz Maus
- Landratsamt Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis, Nebenstelle, Donaueschingen,
Deutschland
| | - Karl Nuss
- Abteilung für Nutztierchirurgie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät,
Universität Zürich, Schweiz
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Cheng Y, Azad MAK, Ding S, Liu Y, Blachier F, Ye T, Kong X. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Potential Relationship Between Sow Colostrum and Neonatal Serum Metabolites in Different Pig Breeds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200677. [PMID: 37436085 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Colostrum composition is an important indicator of newborn piglet survival and growth. However, limited information is available on the association between colostrum metabolites in sows and serum metabolites in neonates. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the metabolites in the colostrum of sows, in the serum of their offspring piglets, and mother-offspring metabolite correlations in different pig breeds. METHODS AND RESULTS Colostrum and serum samples are collected from 30 sows and their piglets from three pig breeds (Taoyuan black, TB; Xiangcun black, XB; and Duroc) to analyze the targeted metabolomics. This study identifies 191 metabolites in the colostrum of sows, including fatty acids, amino acids, bile acids, carnitines, carbohydrates, and organic acids, and the concentrations of these metabolites are highest in the TB pigs. Metabolite profiles in sow colostrum and piglet serum differ among Duroc, TB, and XB pigs, and the matching metabolites are mainly enriched in the digestive system and transportation pathways. Furthermore, identification of the associations between metabolites in the colostrum of sows and their neonate sera suggests that metabolite compounds from colostrum are transported to suckling piglets. CONCLUSION The present study findings deepen the understanding of the composition of sow colostrum metabolites and the transportation of metabolites from sow colostrum to piglets. The findings also provide insight regarding the development of dietary formulas that resemble the sow colostrum for newborn animals to maintain health and improve the early growth of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | | | - Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dementieva N, Nikitkina E, Shcherbakov Y, Nikolaeva O, Mitrofanova O, Ryabova A, Atroshchenko M, Makhmutova O, Zaitsev A. The Genetic Diversity of Stallions of Different Breeds in Russia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1511. [PMID: 37510415 PMCID: PMC10378902 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The specifics of breeding and selection significantly affect genetic diversity and variability within a breed. We present the data obtained from the genetic analysis of 21 thoroughbred and warmblood horse breeds. The most detailed information is described from the following breeds: Arabian, Trakehner, French Trotter, Standardbred, and Soviet Heavy Horse. The analysis of 509,617 SNP variants in 87 stallions from 21 populations made it possible to estimate the genetic diversity at the genome-wide level and distinguish the studied horse breeds from each other. In this study, we searched for heterozygous and homozygous ROH regions, evaluated inbreeding using FROH analysis, and generated a population structure using Admixture 1.3 software. Our findings indicate that the Arabian breed is an ancestor of many horse breeds. The study of the full-genome architectonics of breeds is of great practical importance for preserving the genetic characteristics of breeds and managing breeding. Studies were carried out to determine homozygous regions in individual breeds and search for candidate genes in these regions. Fifty-six candidate genes for the influence of selection pressure were identified. Our research reveals genetic diversity consistent with breeding directions and the breeds' history of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Dementieva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia
| | - Elena Nikitkina
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia
| | - Yuri Shcherbakov
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia
| | - Olga Nikolaeva
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia
| | - Olga Mitrofanova
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia
| | - Anna Ryabova
- Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding-Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, 55A, Moskovskoye Sh., Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196625, Russia
| | - Mikhail Atroshchenko
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Divovo, Rybnovskij District 391105, Russia
| | - Oksana Makhmutova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Divovo, Rybnovskij District 391105, Russia
| | - Alexander Zaitsev
- All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Divovo, Rybnovskij District 391105, Russia
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Abdel-Kafy ESM, Kamel KI, Severgnini M, Morsy SHA, Cremonesi P, Ghoneim SS, Brecchia G, Ali NI, Abdel-Ghafar YZ, Ali WAH, Shabaan HMA. Diversity and Co-Occurrence Pattern Analysis of Cecal and Jejunal Microbiota in Two Rabbit Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2294. [PMID: 37508071 PMCID: PMC10376057 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and microbiota variation in the jejunum and cecum of two rabbit breeds with different growth rates. This study was carried out on Native Middle-Egypt Breed (NMER) and Giant Flanders (GF) rabbits from 5 weeks to 12 weeks of age. Twenty NMER (NM) and GF male rabbits were slaughtered, and the jejunum and cecum tracts were collected to assay gut microbiota composition via 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and histology examination. At 12 weeks of age, daily weight gain, villus height in the jejunum, total protein, and albumin were higher in GF rabbits than in NMER rabbits. Also, the jejunal villi of GF were well arranged in their dense borders. The microbiota between the jejunum and cecum was significantly different in terms of Beta-diversity. A significant correlation between Enterococcus (jejunum NM samples) and Lactobacillus (cecum GF samples) with body weight and weight gain was found (p < 0.05). Moreover, Escherichia-Shigella in the cecum of NM was significantly correlated with weight gain (p < 0.05). The most abundant genera identified in the jejunal and cecal contents of GF were generally beneficial microbiota. They may also play a role in reducing the pathogenic effects of Escherichia coli in these rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed M Abdel-Kafy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Kamel I Kamel
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Via f.lli Cervi, 93, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Shama H A Morsy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Einstein s/n, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Shereen S Ghoneim
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Neama I Ali
- Department of Cell Biology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yasmein Z Abdel-Ghafar
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Wael A H Ali
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
| | - Hoda M A Shabaan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12651, Egypt
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10
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Ivanković A, Šubara G, Bittante G, Šuran E, Amalfitano N, Aladrović J, Kelava Ugarković N, Pađen L, Pećina M, Konjačić M. Potential of Endangered Local Donkey Breeds in Meat and Milk Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2146. [PMID: 37443944 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of the erosion of animal genetic resources is evident in certain local donkey breeds, and their long-term sustainability can be achieved by economically repositioning them. To develop alternative and sustainable commercial programs, the meat and milk production characteristics of Istrian donkey and Littoral Dinaric donkey breeds were investigated. The meat production characteristics were examined in mature males, whose carcasses were dissected, and meat composition was determined using NIT spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. Milk yield and milk composition were determined in jennies in second or subsequent lactations by measuring milk volume and using infrared spectrometry and gas chromatography. Compared to the Littoral Dinaric donkey, the Istrian donkey has a higher carcass weight and dressing percentage (p < 0.001). The share of boneless meat in relation to live weight was 28.27% in the Istrian donkey and 26.18% in the Littoral Dinaric donkey. The absolute masses of primal cuts of meat in E, I, and II classes were significantly greater in Istrian donkeys than in Littoral Dinaric donkeys (p < 0.01), although the differences in the proportions of primal cuts were not significant. The breed did not have a significant impact on the color, pH, or meat composition. A significant influence of breed on milk yield, lactose, protein, and the fat content of milk was observed (p < 0.01). A significant influence of breed on the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA fatty acids in donkey milk was observed (p = 0.002). The values of the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes were favorable, considering potential beneficial effects of donkey milk and meat on consumer health. The findings of this research suggest that local donkey breeds hold significant potential for meat and milk production, focusing on the uniqueness and quality of their products rather than the quantity of meat and milk they can produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Ivanković
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Šubara
- Agency for Rural Development of Istria, Ulica Tugomila Ujčića 1, 52000 Pazin, Croatia
| | - Giovanni Bittante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Edmondo Šuran
- Agency for Rural Development of Istria, Ulica Tugomila Ujčića 1, 52000 Pazin, Croatia
| | - Nicoló Amalfitano
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Via dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jasna Aladrović
- Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Kelava Ugarković
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Pađen
- Department of Physiology and Radiobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mateja Pećina
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miljenko Konjačić
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Akounda B, Ouédraogo D, Soudré A, Burger PA, Rosen BD, Van Tassell CP, Sölkner J. Morphometric Characterization of Local Goat Breeds in Two Agroecological Zones of Burkina Faso, West Africa. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1931. [PMID: 37370441 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Burkina Faso, goats are the second most numerous ruminant livestock population, with almost exclusively indigenous breeds being reared in extensive production systems in various agroecological zones. This study was carried out to understand the morphological variation of local goat breeds in the Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian agroecological zones. A total of 511 adult female animals belonging to two presumed populations (Mossi breed in Sudano-Sahelian zone and Djallonké breed in Sudanian zone) were sampled and body weight as well as a range of linear body measurements, following FAO guidelines, were recorded. The least squares means of body measurements of indicated that Sudano-Sahelian goats have significantly (p < 0.001) larger body measurements than Sudanian goats. Furthermore, relative high variability of the two populations in morphometric traits was observed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested structure between Mossi breed on one side and Djallonké on the other side, but no strict separation was observed, suggesting that gene flow is occurring among the different populations. A dispersion map with four clusters was built based on the first two factors. The least square means of body measurements ranked the four groups from small to large body size, namely Djallonké, Mossi × Djallonké, Mossi, and Sahelian × Mossi. Gene flow from Sahelian goat into other populations of the country, based on migration of the Fulani ethnic group from the Sahel into areas with Mossi and Djallonké breeds, could explain this configuration and confirms the continuous erosion of genetic identity of these two local breeds. The sustainable use of these adapted local goat genetic resources calls for the promotion of sustainable genetic improvement using participatory breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badjibassa Akounda
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Sciences et Technologie, Université Norbert ZONGO, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Dominique Ouédraogo
- Centre Universitaire de Ziniaré, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Albert Soudré
- Unité de Formation et de Recherches Sciences et Technologie, Université Norbert ZONGO, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso
| | - Pamela A Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin D Rosen
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agricultural, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Curtis P Van Tassell
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, United States Department of Agricultural, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Johann Sölkner
- Division of Livestock Sciences, Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel Strasse, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Odubote IK, Musimuko E, Rensing S, Schmitt F, Kapotwe B. Genetic survey in smallholder dairy production system of Southern province of Zambia. J Anim Breed Genet 2023; 140:235-252. [PMID: 36377637 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Milk production among the smallholder dairy farmers in Zambia is reported to be low despite improvements in milk collection infrastructure and unmet demand by the populace. This study was conducted to characterize cattle breeds and the breeding strategies of the smallholder dairy production system in the Southern province of Zambia. The study was conducted using questionnaires to obtain responses from identified respondents in six districts considered the main dairy cattle producing areas. One hundred and twenty questionnaires were administered and available for descriptive statistical analysis. The cattle genetic groups included local (Tonga and Angoni) breeds and their crosses (40.0%); beef (Boran and Brahman) breeds and their crosses (23.3%); Friesian breed and its crosses (28.8%); Jersey breed and its crosses (4.9%); and Fleckvieh breed (3.0%). Calving rate was found to be to be between 36% and 50% for the dairy herds. Compared to the other genetic groups, it was noted that Friesian and its crosses had higher milk production (3.55 L vs. 1.4 L). The low milk yield reported could be attributed to the period of study, which coincided with the long dry season between April and October. The Friesian and its crosses recorded earlier age at first calving (2.65 vs. 2.8 years), shorter longevity (10.5 vs. 12.25 years), and shorter lactation length (7.5 vs. 9.25 months). Jersey and its crosses, on the other hand, had an above average performance for all indices of economic importance such as milk production, lactation length, age at first calving, longevity, and number of calves produced. The results indicated natural mating was practised by 85% of the farmers. Farmer-preferred traits include size and conformation (23%); performance and colour (16% and 15%, respectively) in the choice of a bull. Selection by farmers were thus based on simple observation without pedigree or performance-based genetic evaluation. It was apparent that the smallholder dairy production system is in a shifting trend to transform the mainly local and beef breed animals into dairy herds through crossing with exotic dairy breeds. The production system is, however, faced with the challenges of water and feed supply to meet nutritional requirements, and high disease burden. Jersey breed was found to be a logical choice for the resource poor smallholder dairy farmers. The development and management of the smallholder dairy breeding schemes should be all-inclusive and directed at the prevalent production systems with the aim of also improving the feeding and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Rensing
- Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung w.V., Verden, Germany
| | | | - Brian Kapotwe
- International Fund for Agricultural Development, Lusaka, Zambia
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13
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Kochish II, Titov VY, Nikonov IN, Brazhnik EA, Vorobyov NI, Korenyuga MV, Myasnikova OV, Dolgorukova AM, Griffin DK, Romanov MN. Unraveling signatures of chicken genetic diversity and divergent selection in breed-specific patterns of early myogenesis, nitric oxide metabolism and post-hatch growth. Front Genet 2023; 13:1092242. [PMID: 36712856 PMCID: PMC9874007 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1092242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to long-term domestication, breeding and divergent selection, a vast genetic diversity in poultry currently exists, with various breeds being characterized by unique phenotypic and genetic features. Assuming that differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally important traits manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages, we aimed to explore breed-specific patterns and interrelations of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and post-hatch growth rate (GR). Methods: These characteristics were explored in eight breeds of different utility types (meat-type, dual purpose, egg-type, game, and fancy) by incubating 70 fertile eggs per breed. To screen the differential expression of seven key myogenesis associated genes (MSTN, GHR, MEF2C, MYOD1, MYOG, MYH1, and MYF5), quantitative real-time PCR was used. Results: We found that myogenesis associated genes expressed in the breast and thigh muscles in a coordinated manner showing breed specificity as a genetic diversity signature among the breeds studied. Notably, coordinated ("accord") expression patterns of MSTN, GHR, and MEFC2 were observed both in the breast and thigh muscles. Also, associated expression vectors were identified for MYOG and MYOD1 in the breast muscles and for MYOG and MYF5 genes in the thigh muscles. Indices of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were generally concordant with utility types of breeds, with meat-types breeds demonstrating higher NO oxidation levels and greater GR values as compared to egg-type, dual purpose, game and fancy breeds. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that differences in early myogenesis, NO metabolism and post-hatch growth are breed-specific; they appropriately reflect genetic diversity and accurately capture the evolutionary history of divergently selected chicken breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Kochish
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yu. Titov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia,Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Nikonov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai I. Vorobyov
- All-Russia Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Korenyuga
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Myasnikova
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M. Dolgorukova
- Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Poultry Research and Technological Institute” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast, Russia
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Romanov
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Michael N. Romanov,
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Doiche DP, Rahal SC, Silva JPD, Oliveira FA, Miqueleto NSML, Mamprim MJ, Vulcano LC. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the ventricular system and brain parenchyma in healthy dogs of different skull conformation on computed tomography scans. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:112-118. [PMID: 34854110 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to perform quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the lateral and third ventricles, and brain parenchyma, in healthy dogs of different skull conformations on CT scans. Forty-five adult client-owned dogs were divided into three groups according to skull conformation: G1 (dolichocephalic)-15 German Shepherds; G2 (mesaticephalic)-15 Rottweilers; G3 (brachycephalic)-15 Boxers. Transverse plane images were used for quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the lateral ventricles and third ventricle, and pre- and post-contrast brain parenchyma. The height of both ventricles and brain was measured at the level of the interthalamic adhesion. Ventricle height, brain height, and ventricle/brain height ratio were statistically higher in G3 compared with G1 and G2 that were similar. The third ventricle was visible but unmeasurable in five dogs from G1 and three from G2. In G3, all dogs had third ventricle visible and measurable in all images. Asymmetric ventricles were seen in five dogs in Group 1 and Group 2, and seven in Group 3. Brain parenchyma had homogenous density in 80% of the dogs in all groups. Contrast enhancement of the rostral midline was visualized in all dogs. In conclusion, brain CT scans of healthy dogs showed that the qualitative data were similar among groups, but lateral ventricle and brain measurements in brachycephalic dogs differed from the dolichocephalic and mesaticephalic dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Pulz Doiche
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sheila Canevese Rahal
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jeana Pereira da Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Flávia Augusta Oliveira
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Jaqueline Mamprim
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Vulcano
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science-São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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15
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Houlton JEF. Survey investigating the reasons why UK-based gundogs ceased working between 2010 and 2019. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e1080. [PMID: 34750824 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the longevity of the working life of gundogs in the UK, whether owners' considered retirement was premature and to identify risk factors associated with such work. SAMPLE POPULATION Six hundred sixty-five dogs METHODS: A web-based survey seeking owner information as to the longevity of their dogs' working life and why they were retired, euthanised or died. RESULTS The median age at which Springer spaniels stopped work was 11 years and for Cocker spaniels, it was 9 years. The median age for Labrador retrievers was 10 years; for Golden retrievers, 11 years and Flat-coated retrievers, 9.5 years. Cocker spaniels stopped work at a significantly younger age than Springer spaniels (p = 0.0003) or Labrador retrievers (p = 0.0407). There was no significant difference between the other major breeds. The majority of owners (54.3%) were satisfied with the working lifespan of their dog. Seventy per cent of dogs were retired, the three most prevalent reasons being lameness (25.2%), old age (23.7%) and deafness (7.8%). Forty-four dogs died (6.6%) and 158 (24%) were euthanised, with cancer (58%) being the most common reason. CONCLUSIONS No work-related issues were identified and gundogs appear to have similar causes of mortality to the general canine population.
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de Groot M, Anderson H, Bauer H, Bauguil C, Bellone RR, Brugidou R, Buckley RM, Dovč P, Forman O, Grahn RA, Kock L, Longeri M, Mouysset‐Geniez S, Qiu J, Sofronidis G, van der Goor LHP, Lyons LA. Standardization of a SNP panel for parentage verification and identification in the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus). Anim Genet 2021; 52:675-682. [PMID: 34143521 PMCID: PMC8519126 DOI: 10.1111/age.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is a valued companion animal throughout the world. Over 60 different cat breeds are accepted for competition by the cat fancy registries in different countries. Genetic markers, including short tandem repeats and SNPs, are available to evaluate and manage levels of inbreeding and genetic diversity, population and breed structure relationships, and individual identification for forensic and registration purposes. The International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) hosts the Applied Genetics in Companion Animals Workshop, which supports the standardization of genetic marker panels and genotyping for the identification of cats via comparison testing. SNP panels have been in development for many species, including the domestic cat. An ISAG approved core panel of SNPs for use in cat identification and parentage analyses is presented. SNPs (n = 121) were evaluated by different university-based and commercial laboratories using 20 DNA samples as part of the ISAG comparison testing procedures. Different SNP genotyping technologies were examined, including DNA arrays, genotyping-by-sequencing and mass spectroscopy, to select a robust and efficient panel of 101 SNPs as the ISAG core panel for cats. The SNPs are distributed across all chromosomes including two on the X chromosome and an XY pseudo-autosomal sexing marker (zinc-finger XY; ZFXY). A population study demonstrated that the markers have an average polymorphic information content of 0.354 and a power of exclusion greater than 0.9999. The SNP panel should keep testing affordable while also allowing for the development of additional panels to monitor health, phenotypic traits, hybrid cats and highly inbred cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. de Groot
- MolGenTraverse 2VeenendaalUtrecht3905NLThe Netherlands
| | | | - H. Bauer
- Laboklin GMBH & Co. KGBad Kissingen97688Germany
| | | | - R. R. Bellone
- Veterinary Genetics LaboratorySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
- Population Health and ReproductionSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | | | - R. M. Buckley
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
| | - P. Dovč
- Department of Animal ScienceBiotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljana1000Slovenia
| | | | - R. A. Grahn
- Veterinary Genetics LaboratorySchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA
| | - L. Kock
- Neogen GenomicsLincolnNE68504USA
| | - M. Longeri
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MilanMilan20133Italy
| | | | - J. Qiu
- Neogen GenomicsLincolnNE68504USA
| | - G. Sofronidis
- Orivet Genetic Pet CareSuite St. KildaMelbourneVic.3182Australia
| | | | - L. A. Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA
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Turner DC. Unanswered Questions and Hypotheses about Domestic Cat Behavior, Ecology, and the Cat-Human Relationship. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102823. [PMID: 34679844 PMCID: PMC8532687 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the last three and a half decades, many studies have been published about cat behavior and cat–human interactions (many by the author and his former team of assistants and university students); these have been summarized in recent review articles. Although we have learned much about domestic cats and their relationships with people, there are still many unanswered questions of interest to scientists and the lay public. The author has briefly referred to the past results and formulated the unanswered questions (some as hypotheses), even suggesting possible ways to answer or test them. Although the author is now retired, his intent is to encourage young researchers beginning their academic careers to take up the torch and work on this fascinating companion animal species. Abstract After recent publication of several reviews covering research results from the last 35 years of domestic cat studies, a number of important unanswered questions and hypotheses have arisen that could interest active researchers, especially those beginning their academic careers. Some sections of this paper concern methodologies that have yielded new insights and could provide more in the future; other sections concern findings and interpretations of those that need further testing. First, hypotheses arise from combining subjective (or psychological) assessments of cat and human personality traits and observational (ethological) studies of cat–human interactions: e.g., do owners with high attachment to their cats interact differently with them than owners with low attachment levels? New analytical methods of dyadic interaction observations open the door for testing further hypotheses. In particular, the Theme® (Noldus bv, NL) program could be used to determine if there are differences between cat breeds in interaction patterns with people, which is not only of interest to owners but also therapists employing cats in their practices. Cat breed differences have been found using subjective ratings, but these need to be corroborated by direct observational data from the home setting and/or non-invasive colony observations, since ratings based on anthropomorphic projections might not be reliable. This should be done before searching for the genetic basis of such differences. Reliable information on breed differences is also needed before prescribing certain breeds for animal-assisted interventions. A model has predicted that the degree of socialization as a kitten affects cats’ responses to positive and negative experiences with unfamiliar humans and their formation of feline–human relationships later on. This needs to be tested in an ethically approved manner on cats of known socialization status and has enormous consequences for cat adoptions from animal shelters. Observations of human–cat interactions have yielded many correlations, which can be tested by non-invasive manipulations of human behavior in the home setting. Examples of these will be given and are of general interest to the cat-owning public. A review of first findings on social cognition in cats has resulted in further unanswered questions and hypotheses. Finally, two aspects of domestic cat ecology will be considered (effects on wildlife and space utilization), which are of great interest to the public and conservationists alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis C Turner
- Institute for Applied Ethology and Animal Psychology, I.E.A.P./I.E.T., 8810 Horgen, ZH, Switzerland
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Eremenko VI, Titovskii AV, Manshin AA, Dolgikh OS, Golovastikova AV, Velichko IF. The Endocrine Function of Testes in 12- and 18-Month-Old Boars of Different Breeds. Arch Razi Inst 2021; 76:649-657. [PMID: 34824757 PMCID: PMC8605855 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.355354.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Testes have several primary functions, such as male gametes production (spermatozoa) and secretion of several endocrine factors, including the production of steroid and protein hormones which facilitate elements in the healthy reproductive function of mammals. The potential of an animal functional endocrine reservoir could be an interesting finding in animal reproduction management. Therefore, the current study aimed to analyze the functional endocrine reserves of testes in 12- and 18-month-old boars of four different boar breeds, namely Large White, Landrace, Duroc, and Tempo, as the animal model in this research (n=10). To determine the functional endocrine reserves of the testes at 12 and 18 months of age, boars received injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 3 times every 72 hours. Testosterone was measured in blood samples (10 mL) taken from the jugular vein before the administration of hCG as well as 2, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after administration of each of three hCG injections. The index of endocrine activity of the testes was determined by the formula: Ita = T1 -T0 / T0 , where Ita is the index of endocrine activity of the testes, T0 is the testosterone concentration before the administration of hCG, and T1 is the maximum testosterone concentration after the third administration of hCG. The effects of the hCG injection on boar testes at different age periods indicated that the testes of Large White and Duroc boars have higher potential endocrine reserves compared with the Landrace and Tempo breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Eremenko
- Department of Epizootology, Radiobiology, and Pharmacology, I.I. Ivanov Kursk State Agricultural Academy. 305021, Kursk, K. Marxa Str., 70
| | - A V Titovskii
- Department of Epizootology, Radiobiology, and Pharmacology, I.I. Ivanov Kursk State Agricultural Academy. 305021, Kursk, K. Marxa Str., 70
| | - A A Manshin
- Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Kursk Institute of Cooperation (branch) of BUKEP. 305004 Kursk, Radishcheva Str., 116
| | - O S Dolgikh
- Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Kursk Institute of Cooperation (branch) of BUKEP. 305004 Kursk, Radishcheva Str., 116
| | - A V Golovastikova
- Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Kursk Institute of Cooperation (branch) of BUKEP. 305004 Kursk, Radishcheva Str., 116
| | - I F Velichko
- Kursk Institute of Cooperation (branch) of BUKEP. 305004 Kursk, Radishcheva Str., 116
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Freking BA, Murphy TW. Comparison of performance of F1 Romanov crossbred ewes with wool and hair breeds during spring lambing under intensive and extensive production systems. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skaa397. [PMID: 33313796 PMCID: PMC7787146 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate wool (Dorset and Rambouillet) and hair (Dorper, Katahdin, and White Dorper) breeds for their ability to complement Romanov germplasm in two distinct production systems by estimating direct sire and grandsire effects on lamb growth, survival, and ewe productivity traits. Rams of the five breeds (n = 75) were mated to Romanov ewes (n = 459) over a 3-yr period to produce five types of crossbred lambs (n = 2,739). Sire breed (P > 0.06) did not impact body weight or survival traits of the first-generation crossbred (F1) lambs. The productivity of retained crossbred ewes (n = 830) mated to Suffolk and Texel terminal sires was evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 yr of age in each production system. In the intensive production system, labor and harvested feed were provided for sheep that lambed in March in barns, and ewes were limited to rearing two lambs with additional lambs reared artificially. Ewes in the extensive production system lambed in May on pasture and were responsible for rearing all lambs born with no labor or supplemental feed provided before weaning. A total of 1,962 litters and 4,171 lambs from 2,229 exposures to two terminal sire breeds (Suffolk and Texel) were produced in the experiment. Crossbred ewes in the intensive production system were mated in October, resulting in larger litter sizes than crossbred ewes mated in December for the extensive production system. However, single- and twin-born lamb mortality was similar between the two systems that differed greatly in labor, feed, and facilities. Lambs produced in the intensive system received concentrate feed from an early age and were heavier at 24 wk of age than lambs produced in the extensive system. These outcomes resulted in greater 24-wk litter weight in the intensive than in the extensive system (P < 0.0001). Unexpectedly, the relative performance of crossbred types did not differ importantly between production systems. White Dorper × Romanov crossbred ewes had numerical advantages in productivity in each system; however, differences between ewe types were not significant. In the extensive system, without labor and shelter at lambing or supplemental feed until weaning, 3-yr-old crossbred ewes of all types averaged 1.78 lambs marketed per ewe lambing, and 40% of the ewes that gave birth to triplets weaned their entire litters. These results document that prolific sheep and extensive systems can be successfully combined if appropriate crossbred types are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Freking
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE
| | - Tom W Murphy
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE
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Abstract
The domestic buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), also known as water buffalo or Asian buffalo to prevent confusion with the American bison (Bison bison), wrongly named buffalo in North America, comprises two subspecies: the river buffalo (B. bubalis bubalis) and the swamp buffalo (B. bubalis kerebau). The swamp buffalo has a consistent phenotype and is considered as one type, even if many breeds are recognized within it; conversely, the river buffalo subspecies has many breeds. We found limited information available regarding the worldwide distribution of buffaloes. The best estimate is that 208,098,759 buffalo head are distributed in 77 countries in five continents. In this review, we presented the basic aspects of the water buffalo and unraveled the buffalo path followed from the origin of the species to its current global distribution. We reviewed several data sources to provide a better estimate of the world buffalo count and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Zava
- Argentine Buffalo Breeders Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domenico Vecchio
- Italian National Reference Centre on Water Buffalo Farming and Productions Hygiene and Technologies (CReNBuf), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Borghese
- International Buffalo Federation - IBF, FAO/ESCORENA Buffalo Network, Animal Production Research Institute, Rome, Italy
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Kharzinova V, Dotsev A, Solovieva A, Sergeeva O, Bryzgalov G, Reyer H, Wimmers K, Brem G, Zinovieva N. Insight into the Current Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Domestic Reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus) in Russia. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081309. [PMID: 32751575 PMCID: PMC7459450 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reindeer herding is the most important agricultural sector of the Russian Far North, representing the local genetic resources that compose original genetic wealth for the indigenous Arctic ethnic groups, which has maintained their life in harsh conditions of the area for many years. Conservation about and further rational use of such resources are very difficult without taking into account genetic diversity. Here, for the first time, the current genetic composition of the four officially recognized reindeer breeds and their ecotypes inhabiting the area from the Kola Peninsula in the west to the Chukotka region in the east are described using a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Our findings reveal the genetic uniqueness of each breed, formed by the consequences of ecological processes, internal gene flow, breeding practices, and geographical features. The obtained results will assist the ongoing breeding policy to develop accurate programs to preserve genetic resources of this essential element of Russia’s Far North ecosystem. Abstract To examine the genetic diversity and population structure of domestic reindeer, using the BovineHD BeadChip, we genotyped reindeer individuals belonging to the Nenets breed of the five main breeding regions, the Even breed of the Republic of Sakha, the Evenk breed of the Krasnoyarsk and Yakutia regions, and the Chukotka breed of the Chukotka region and its within-breed ecotype, namely, the Chukotka–Khargin, which is bred in Yakutia. The Chukotka reindeer was shown to have the lowest genetic diversity in terms of the allelic richness and heterozygosity indicators. The principal component analysis (PCA) results are consistent with the neighbor-net tree topology, dividing the reindeer into groups according to their habitat location and origin of the breed. Admixture analysis indicated a genetic structuring of two groups of Chukotka origin, the Even breed and most of the geographical groups of the Nenets breed, with the exception of the Murmansk reindeer, the gene pool of which was comprised of the Nenets and apparently the native Sami reindeer. The presence of a genetic component of the Nenets breed in some reindeer inhabiting the Krasnoyarsk region was detected. Our results provide a deeper insight into the current intra-breeding reindeer genetic diversity, which is an important requirement for future reindeer herding strategies and for animal adaptation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kharzinova
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, 60, Settl. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (A.D.); (A.S.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (N.Z.); Tel.: +7-4967651104 (V.K.); +7-4967651404 (N.Z.)
| | - Arsen Dotsev
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, 60, Settl. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (A.D.); (A.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Anastasiya Solovieva
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, 60, Settl. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (A.D.); (A.S.); (G.B.)
| | - Olga Sergeeva
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Ecology of the Arctic—Branch of the FRC KSC SB RAS, 663302 Norilsk, Russia;
| | | | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (H.R.); (K.W.)
| | - Gottfried Brem
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, 60, Settl. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (A.D.); (A.S.); (G.B.)
- Institut für Tierzucht und Genetik, University of Veterinary Medicine (VMU), Veterinärplatz, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Zinovieva
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, 60, Settl. Dubrovitsy, Podolsk Municipal District, 142132 Moscow Region, Russia; (A.D.); (A.S.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.K.); (N.Z.); Tel.: +7-4967651104 (V.K.); +7-4967651404 (N.Z.)
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Iwashita H, Wakaiki S, Kazama Y, Saito A. Breed prevalence of canine ulcerative keratitis according to depth of corneal involvement. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 23:849-855. [PMID: 32716142 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the breed prevalence of canine ulcerative keratitis (UK) according to the depth of corneal involvement. PROCEDURES Dogs diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis from 2008 to 2017 at the Triangle Animal Eye Clinic were included in this study. Only breeds with more than 20 eyes affected were selected. UK lesions were classified as superficial (Grade 1), stromal (Grade 2) or descemetoceles and perforations (Grade 3) and compared between brachycephalic (BC) and non-BC dog breeds. RESULTS Of 8877 dogs evaluated at Triangle Animal Eye Clinic from 2008 to 2017, 1109 eyes of 1018 dogs (male, 326 eyes; neutered male, 253 eyes; female, 211 eyes; spayed female, 316 eyes; and unknown sex, 3 eyes) aged between 0.1 and 19.2 years (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 8.33 ± 4.24 years) were diagnosed with UK. The number of eyes that was classified as Grade 1 was 359 eyes (187 non-BC and 172 BC), Grade 2 was 373 eyes (60 non-BC and 313 BC) and Grade 3 was 377 eyes (47 non-BC and 330 BC). Significant differences were observed between BC and non-BC dogs for all grades of UK. BC dogs were significantly more frequently affected by Grades 2 and 3 and less frequently by Grade 1 UK (P < .01). French bulldogs are more likely to be affected with Grade 1. CONCLUSIONS Brachycephalic dogs are more likely to have deeper corneal involvement in UK. This study provides novel data on the prevalence of superficial UK, which was low in BC dogs and high in non-BC breeds.
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Coyne M, Szlosek D, Clements C, McCrann D, Olavessen L. Association between breed and renal biomarkers of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e82. [PMID: 32611706 PMCID: PMC7799420 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Kidney disease, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD), is common in older dogs. The biomarkers symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine (Cr) are indicators of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This retrospective study used these biomarkers to identify groups at risk of decreased GFR at the breed level. Methods Data from dogs with a single serum chemistry result that included Cr and SDMA submitted between July 2015 through December 2017 were included. Dogs were identified by breed and age group. Decreased GFR was defined as Cr above 1.9 mg/dl or SDMA above 18 µg/dl. Results Fourteen breeds had a significantly higher percentage of dogs with increased SDMA or Cr for one or more age groups. Geriatric and senior Shetland sheepdogs, Yorkshire terriers and Pomeranians were significantly more likely to have increased renal biomarkers. Boxers were identified with significantly increased renal biomarkers in the age groups spanning two months to 10 years of age. Conclusion Evidence of decreased GFR occurred commonly in older dogs of most breeds, especially geriatric dogs greater than 10 years of age, but there were some exceptions, with more significant changes affecting younger animals of several breeds. The combination of SDMA and Cr identified more cases of decreased GFR than either SDMA or Cr alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Olavessen
- IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, Maine, USA.,PetIQ, Eagle, Idaho, United States
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Rouatbi M, Romdhane R, Bouaicha F, Saddem R, Sassi L, Dhibi M, Rekik M, Haile A, Mwacharo JM, Rischkowsky B, Darghouth MA, Gharbi M. Individual variability among autochthonous sheep in Northern Tunisia to infection by abomasum nematodes and Babesia/Theileria parasites. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:834-845. [PMID: 32588559 PMCID: PMC7738738 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Tunisia, livestock plays an important role in the economy; unfortunately, Tunisian sheep population faces several health challenges. The aim of this trial was to study phenotypic variability of four local sheep breeds and strains to abomasum nematodes infection and to Babesia/Theileria parasites. Faeces, blood and abomasum contents were collected from 310 sheep slaughtered in eight commercial slaughterhouses across North Tunisia. Haematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. DNA was extracted and catch‐all primers were used to detect both Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. DNA. Faecal egg counts (FEC) was quantitatively assessed using simple flotation technique followed by McMaster technique. Male and female worms were collected from all abomasum contents and counted under a stereomicroscope. The percentage of faeces samples positive for GIN’s eggs was 30.82%. After worms’ recovery, the infection prevalence was estimated to 75.90%. The overall infection prevalence by Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. was 4.21%. The dispersion of observations plots obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) showed two clusters of individuals. The first cluster contains animals having positive Babesia/Theileria PCR, presence of nematodes in the abomasum contents and relatively low total worm count (TWC < 500) expect one animal which was found bearing high TWC (>500). In this same group, with a suspected form of resistance, animals showed normal values of albumin and normal haematological parameters (red blood cell count [RBC], haemoglobin [Hb] and packed cell volume [PCV]). The second cluster represents all the other observations in which subgroups of animals were distinguished on the basis of their potential resistance to abomasum nematodes. Multiple correlations showed significant positive correlations between RBC/Hb, RBC/PCV, PCV/Hb and FEC/TWC. Significant negative correlations were observed between TWC/RBC and TWC/Hb. It is concluded that the phenotypic variability among local sheep breeds is essential for more advanced genetic and genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Rouatbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Romdhane
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Faten Bouaicha
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Saddem
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Limam Sassi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Dhibi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Rekik
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan
| | - Aynalem Haile
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joram M Mwacharo
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Rischkowsky
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Enlund KB, Brunius C, Hanson J, Hagman R, Höglund OV, Gustås P, Pettersson A. Dog Owners' Perspectives on Canine Dental Health-A Questionnaire Study in Sweden. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:298. [PMID: 32582779 PMCID: PMC7297050 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common diseases affecting dogs, with a reported prevalence of at least 80% in dogs over 3 years of age. However, there is a lack of studies regarding dog owners' assessment of their dog's dental health, and whether they perceive clinical signs often associated with periodontal disease, i.e., dental calculus, halitosis or mobile or lost teeth. A validated questionnaire survey was distributed to all Swedish dog owners with email addresses in the national registry (n = 209,263). The response rate was 32%. The survey questions concerned opinions and practices regarding canine dental health, including assessment of dental health parameters and dog owners' ability to examine their dog's mouth. A construct (α = 0.76) was used to investigate dog owners' assessed symptoms of their dog's dental health in relation to background factors. Half of the respondents rated their dog's dental health as very good. However, one in four dog owners experienced difficulties when inspecting the dog's teeth. The most common reason for this difficulty was stated to be an uncooperative dog. Almost half of the dog owners reported halitosis to some degree in their dog, and almost four in ten owners reported dental calculus. One in eight dogs had been previously anesthetized for dental cleaning, and one in 12 dogs had experienced problems with gum disease, according to the owners. Owners' assessment varied significantly with the dog's age, weight, breed, breed group, sex, and concurrent disease. Owner-related factors that influenced the assessment of the dog's dental health were age, gender, education, county (urban/rural), and whether they were breeders or not. Dog owners with smaller dogs, older dogs and certain breeds predisposed to periodontal disease assessed their dog's dental health as worse than their counterparts, which is in agreement with previously reported higher prevalence of dental disease in these groups. This indicates that dog owners are able to perform relative assessment of their dog's dental health status. Our results also highlight the need for routine professional assessment of periodontal health, as well as education of dog owners and training of dogs to accept dental care procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Brunius Enlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Anicura Albano Animal Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Hanson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Odd Viking Höglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Gustås
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann Pettersson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Seo BS, Jeong IS, Piao Z, Kim M, Kim S, Rahman MM, Kim NS. Measurement of the tibial plateau angle of normal small-breed dogs and the application of the tibial plateau angle in cranial cruciate ligament rupture. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2020; 7:220-228. [PMID: 32607353 PMCID: PMC7320805 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2020.g413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In Korea, small dogs are more common than large breeds. This study was performed to measure the influence of body weight, sex, breed, age, and cranial cruciate ligament rupture (RCCL) on the tibial plateau angle (TPA) in small-breed dogs. Materials and methods: A total of 274 dogs (221 normal dogs and 53 RCCL dogs) were selected for this study based on medical records. The TPA was measured from stifle joint radiographs. The dogs were divided according to body weight, sex (male and female; normal and neutered), age, breed, and RCCL, and the TPAs of the dogs were compared. Results: In general, the TPAs of male dogs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of female dogs, and those of healthy neutered dogs were higher than those of healthy intact dogs. The TPA had a tendency to increase along with the animal’s age but was not significantly different among the four age groups. In general, the TPA of RCCL dogs was 27.12° ± 0.62°, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of normal dogs (20.21° ± 0.32°), indicating that an increased TPA is associated with a higher risk for RCCL. Similar results were also observed among dogs with similar body weights, breeds, and ages for male and female RCCL dogs. Conclusion: This study suggested that the sex and neutering status of dogs could affect the TPA. This study also confirmed the use of TPA in the veterinary clinic as a possible indicator of RCCL, as the TPA is higher in RCCL dogs than in normal dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Seok Seo
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea.,Royal Dog and Cat Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally as co-first author
| | - In Seong Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Royal Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Center, KNOTUS Co., Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea.,These authors contributed equally as co-first author
| | - Zhenglin Piao
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea.,25 Hour Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Royal Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nam Soo Kim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk do, Republic of Korea
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Baers G, Keller GG, Famula TR, Oberbauer AM. Heritability of Unilateral Elbow Dysplasia in the Dog: A Retrospective Study of Sire and Dam Influence. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:422. [PMID: 31824974 PMCID: PMC6883289 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine elbow dysplasia is a significant health issue affecting many breeds. Unfortunately, treatments remain relatively limited, so control of this disease often falls to selectively breeding for dogs with normal elbows. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the heritability of left-sided vs. right-sided elbow dysplasia, and to assess potential differential sire and the dam influence on offspring elbow status. In a retrospective study, elbow data from 130,117 dogs over 2 years old representing 17 breeds were obtained from the database of the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals and included in the study. Heritability estimates for unilateral elbow dysplasia varied between breeds (ranging from 0.01 to 0.36) and were similar between the left and right elbows. The estimated genetic correlation between disease in the left and right elbow ~1 in the majority of breeds, with the exception of the hybrids, Australian Shepherds, and the Australian Cattle Dogs, likely due to low numbers of affected individuals. The sire and dam had equal impact on the offspring's elbow status. Furthermore, there was no increased risk for the sire or dam to pass on the same unilaterality of their elbow dysplasia to their offspring. However, the overall risk of elbow dysplasia in the offspring did increase when one or both parents were affected, though this also varied based on breed. Understanding of the impact that the sire and dam have on the offspring and of the overall heritability of both bilateral and unilateral elbow dysplasia is important in guiding breeding decisions to reduce the incidence in future generations of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Baers
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Greg G Keller
- Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas R Famula
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anita M Oberbauer
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Abstract
Camels have an important role in the lives of human beings, especially in arid regions, due to their multipurpose role and unique ability to adapt to harsh conditions. In spite of its enormous economic, cultural, and biological importance, the camel genome has not been widely studied. The size of camel genome is roughly 2.38 GB, containing over 20,000 genes. The unusual genetic makeup of the camel is the main reason behind its ability to survive under extreme environmental conditions. The camel genome harbors several unique variations which are being investigated for the treatment of several disorders. Various natural products from camels have also been tested and prescribed as adjunct therapy to control the progression of ailments. Interestingly, the camel employs unique immunological and molecular mechanisms against pathogenic agents and pathological conditions. Here, we broadly review camel classification, distribution and breed as well as recent progress in the determination of the camel genome, its size, genetic distribution, response to various physiological conditions, immunogenetics and the medicinal potential of camel gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Zhang W, Song QQ, Wu F, Zhang JZ, Xu MS, Li HH, Han ZJ, Gao HX, Xu NY. Evaluation of the four breeds in synthetic line of Jiaxing Black Pigs and Berkshire for meat quality traits, carcass characteristics, and flavor substances. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:574-582. [PMID: 30714281 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate breed characteristics and the effect of hybridization of Jiaxing Black Pig (JBP) with Western breeds, the carcass and meat quality traits and flavor substances such as inosinic acids (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) in longissimus muscle (LM) from five breeds including JBP, Berkshire, Berkshire × JBP (BJBP), Duroc × Berkshire × JBP (DBJBP), Duroc × Landrace × JBP (DLJBP) were compared in this study. It was found that water holding capacity (WHC) of LM in JBP was significantly higher than that in the other strains (p < 0.01). Dressing out percentage and lean percentage of JBP were both significantly lower than those in the others (p < 0.01) in connection with their lighter carcass weight and higher subcutaneous fat percentage (p < 0.01). Heterosis was realized in DJBP, DBJBP, and DLJBP since their carcass weight, lean percentage, and loin eye muscle area (LEMA) were markedly higher when compared to JBP, whereas lower than those in Berkshire. Among the breeds, the content of IMF and IMP in the LM of JBP were the highest. These traits were also palpably improved in the crossbreds, especially for DBJBP, of which pork was considered outstanding for containing the most abundant essential amino acids (EAA) and total amino acids (TAA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Song
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Shu Xu
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hai-Hong Li
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Han
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Gao
- Zhejiang Qinglian Food Co., Ltd, Haiyan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ning-Ying Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wei R, Trus I, Yang B, Huang L, Nauwynck HJ. Breed Differences in PCV2 Uptake and Disintegration in Porcine Monocytes. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100562. [PMID: 30326643 PMCID: PMC6213064 DOI: 10.3390/v10100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with various diseases which are designated as PCV2-associated diseases (PCVADs). Their severity varies among breeds. In the diseased pigs, virus is present in monocytes, without replication or full degradation. PCV2 entry and viral outcome in primary porcine monocytes and the role of monocytes in PCV2 genetic susceptibility have not been studied. Here, virus uptake and trafficking were analyzed and compared among purebreds Piétrain, Landrace and Large White and hybrid Piétrain × Topigs20. Viral capsids were rapidly internalized into monocytes, followed by a slow disintegration to a residual level. PCV2 uptake was decreased by chlorpromazine, cytochalasin D and dynasore. The internalized capsids followed the endosomal trafficking pathway, ending up in lysosomes. PCV2 genome was nicked by lysosomal DNase II in vitro, but persisted in monocytes in vivo. Monocytes from purebred Piétrain and the hybrid showed a higher level of PCV2 uptake and disintegration, compared to those from Landrace and Large White. In conclusion, PCV2 entry occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. After entry, viral capsids are partially disintegrated, while viral genomes largely escape from the pathway to avoid degradation. The degree of PCV2 uptake and disintegration differ among pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Wei
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bo Yang
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Maduan Street 427, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Graf R, Pospischil A, Guscetti F, Meier D, Welle M, Dettwiler M. Cutaneous Tumors in Swiss Dogs: Retrospective Data From the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry, 2008-2013. Vet Pathol 2018; 55:809-820. [PMID: 30131007 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818789466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Data collected in animal cancer registries comprise extensive and valuable information, even more so when evaluated in context with precise population data. The authors evaluated 11 740 canine skin tumors collected in the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry from 2008-2013, considering data on breed, sex, age, and anatomic locations. Their incidence rate (IR) per 100 000 dogs/year in the Swiss dog population was calculated based on data from the official and mandatory Swiss dog registration database ANIS. The most common tumor types were mast cell tumors (16.35%; IR, 60.3), lipomas (12.47%; IR, 46.0), hair follicle tumors (12.34%; IR, 45.5), histiocytomas (12.10%; IR, 44.6), soft tissue sarcomas (10.86%; IR, 40.1), and melanocytic tumors (8.63%; IR, 31.8) with >1000 tumors per type. The average IR of all tumor types across the 227 registered breeds was 372.2. The highest tumor incidence was found in the Giant Schnauzer (IR, 1616.3), the Standard Schnauzer (IR, 1545.4), the Magyar Vizsla (IR, 1534.6), the Rhodesian Ridgeback (IR, 1445.0), the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (IR, 1351.7), and the Boxer (IR, 1350.0). Mixed-breed dogs (IR, 979.4) had an increased IR compared to the average of all breeds. Previously reported breed predispositions for most tumor types were confirmed. Nevertheless, the data also showed an increased IR for mast cell tumors and melanocytic tumors in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever and for histiocytomas in the Flat Coated Retriever. The results from this study can be taken into consideration when selecting purebred dogs for breeding to improve a breed's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Graf
- 1 Collegium Helveticum (University of Zürich & ETHZ), Semper-Sternwarte, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Pospischil
- 1 Collegium Helveticum (University of Zürich & ETHZ), Semper-Sternwarte, Zürich, Switzerland.,2 Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Franco Guscetti
- 2 Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Meier
- 3 Zyto/Histo Diagnostik, Rorbas-Freienstein, Switzerland
| | - Monika Welle
- 4 Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Dettwiler
- 4 Institute of Animal Pathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Doyle JL, Berry DP, Walsh SW, Veerkamp RF, Evans RD, Carthy TR. Genetic covariance components within and among linear type traits differ among contrasting beef cattle breeds. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1628-1639. [PMID: 29697795 PMCID: PMC6140880 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear type traits describing the skeletal, muscular, and functional characteristics of an animal are routinely scored on live animals in both the dairy and beef cattle industries. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic parameters for certain performance traits may differ between breeds; no study, however, has attempted to determine if differences exist in genetic parameters of linear type traits among breeds or sexes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine if genetic covariance components for linear type traits differed among five contrasting cattle breeds, and to also investigate if these components differed by sex. A total of 18 linear type traits scored on 3,356 Angus (AA), 31,049 Charolais (CH), 3,004 Hereford (HE), 35,159 Limousin (LM), and 8,632 Simmental (SI) were used in the analysis. Data were analyzed using animal linear mixed models which included the fixed effects of sex of the animal (except in the investigation into the presence of sexual dimorphism), age at scoring, parity of the dam, and contemporary group of herd-date of scoring. Differences (P < 0.05) in heritability estimates, between at least two breeds, existed for 13 out of 18 linear type traits. Differences (P < 0.05) also existed between the pairwise within-breed genetic correlations among the linear type traits. Overall, the linear type traits in the continental breeds (i.e., CH, LM, SI) tended to have similar heritability estimates to each other as well as similar genetic correlations among the same pairwise traits, as did the traits in the British breeds (i.e., AA, HE). The correlation between a linear function of breeding values computed conditional on covariance parameters estimated from the CH breed with a linear function of breeding values computed conditional on covariance parameters estimated from the other breeds was estimated. Replacing the genetic covariance components estimated in the CH breed with those of the LM had least effect but the impact was considerable when the genetic covariance components of the AA were used. Genetic correlations between the same linear type traits in the two sexes were all close to unity (≥0.90) suggesting little advantage in considering these as separate traits for males and females. Results for the present study indicate the potential increase in accuracy of estimated breeding value prediction from considering, at least, the British breed traits separate to continental breed traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Doyle
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhan W Walsh
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Co. Waterford, Ireland
| | - Roel F Veerkamp
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Livestock Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ross D Evans
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Tara R Carthy
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Hussain T, Ellahi Babar M, Ali A, Nadeem A, Rehman ZU, Musthafa MM, Marikar FM. Microsatellite based Genetic Variation among the Buffalo Breed Populations in Pakistan. J Vet Res 2017; 61:535-542. [PMID: 29978120 PMCID: PMC5937355 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Eight microsatellite loci were used to define genetic diversity among five native water buffalo breeds in Pakistan. Material and Methods Blood samples (10 mL) from 25 buffaloes of each of the Nili, Ravi, Nili-Ravi, Kundhi, and Azi-Kheli breeds were collected aseptically from the jugular vein into 50 ml Falcon tubes containing 200 µl of 0.5 M EDTA. The phenol-chloroform method was used to extract DNA and the regions were amplified for microsatellite analysis. The eight microsatellite markers ETH10, INRA005, ILSTS029, ILSTS033, ILSTS049, ILSTS052, ETH225, and CSSM66 were analysed. Results The effective number of alleles across all loci was as usual lower than the observed values with a mean value of 2.52 alleles per locus. The overall allele frequency varied from 0.0041 for alleles B, I, and J over respective loci ILSTS052, INRA005, and ILSTS029 to 0.80 for allele H over locus ILSTS029. The average observed and expected heterozygosity values across all polymorphic loci in all studied buffalo breeds were 0.43 and 0.53, respectively. The overall value for polymorphic information content of considered microsatellite markers was 0.53, suggesting their appropriateness for genetic diversity analysis in buffalo. The mean Fis value was 0.13 and all loci except ILSTS049 were found significantly deviated from HWE, most likely due to non-random breeding. The five buffalo populations were genetically less diverse as indicated by a small mean Fst value (0.07). The average gene flow (Nm) indicative for population migration was calculated as 3.31. Nei’s original measures of genetic distance (Ds) revealed ancient divergence of the Nili and Azi-Kheli breeds (Ds = 0.1747) and recent divergence of the Nili and Ravi breeds (Ds = 0.0374). Conclusion These estimates of genetic diversity were seen to coincide with phenotypic differentiation among the studied buffalo breeds. The present study reports the first microsatellite marker-based genetic diversity analysis in Pakistani buffalo breeds, and might facilitate similar studies in other livestock breeds of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Masroor Ellahi Babar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nadeem
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muneeb M Musthafa
- Institute of Biological Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Mmt Marikar
- General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Al-Bulushi S, Shawaf T, Al-Hasani A. Some hematological and biochemical parameters of different goat breeds in Sultanate of Oman "A preliminary study". Vet World 2017; 10:461-466. [PMID: 28507420 PMCID: PMC5422252 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.461-466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In Sultanate of Oman, goats are considered as one of the most important livestock in which there are many breeds of goat such as Batinah, Jabali, Dhofari, Jabal Al-Akhdar, Sahrawi, and Sahrawi Musandam. Little hematological and biochemical information is known on Omani goat breeds; therefore, the main purpose of this study was to determine reference baseline data regarding hematological and biochemical values of different Omani goat breeds. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 healthy animals of different Omani goat breeds (Jabali, Jabal Al-Akhdar, Sahrawi, and Sahrawi Musandam) were selected randomly from different areas in Sultanate of Oman. The blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into two tubes for blood hematology and biochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was applied by using GraphPad Prism 7 software to calculate the minimum and maximum values to determine the range, mean, standard deviation of the mean and the p value. Results: No statistically significant variation in most hematological and biochemical parameters was found among the Omani goat breeds. The results of blood hematology revealed that the mean white blood cells (14.6±3.32 ×103/µL), and the percentage of neutrophils in Omani goats (60.87±8.46%) were higher than that in most goat breeds. Higher values of red blood cells (12.8±1.28 ×106/µL), hemoglobin (10.4±1.92 g/dl), hematocrit (38.29±4.06%), and lower values of mean corpuscular HGB concentration (27.05±3.5 g/dl) were observed in Omani goat breeds comparing to that in the other goat breeds. Lower values of total bilirubin (0.22±0.03 mg/dl), blood urea nitrogen (14.62±2.66 mg/dl), and cholesterol (48.58±19.05 mg/dl) were found in Omani goat breeds when compared to that of the other goat breeds. Conclusion: The obtained results are considered as the first values to be published for the different Omani goat breeds. This study is considered as preliminary study which can be used as a reference for further studies to determine reference values for the studied breeds to aid the veterinarians in the interpretation of the laboratory data and for the selection of the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Al-Bulushi
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, PO Box 400 Al-Hasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turke Shawaf
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, PO Box 400 Al-Hasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Al-Hasani
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Sultanate of Oman
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Jin K, Hoffman JM, Creevy KE, O'Neill DG, Promislow DEL. Multiple morbidities in companion dogs: a novel model for investigating age-related disease. Pathobiol Aging Age Relat Dis 2016; 6:33276. [PMID: 27876455 PMCID: PMC5120387 DOI: 10.3402/pba.v6.33276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of men and women surviving over 65 years has been steadily increasing over the last century. In their later years, many of these individuals are afflicted with multiple chronic conditions, placing increasing pressure on healthcare systems. The accumulation of multiple health problems with advanced age is well documented, yet the causes are poorly understood. Animal models have long been employed in attempts to elucidate these complex mechanisms with limited success. Recently, the domestic dog has been proposed as a promising model of human aging for several reasons. Mean lifespan shows twofold variation across dog breeds. In addition, dogs closely share the environments of their owners, and substantial veterinary resources are dedicated to comprehensive diagnosis of conditions in dogs. However, while dogs are therefore useful for studying multimorbidity, little is known about how aging influences the accumulation of multiple concurrent disease conditions across dog breeds. The current study examines how age, body weight, and breed contribute to variation in multimorbidity in over 2,000 companion dogs visiting private veterinary clinics in England. In common with humans, we find that the number of diagnoses increases significantly with age in dogs. However, we find no significant weight or breed effects on morbidity number. This surprising result reveals that while breeds may vary in their average longevity and causes of death, their age-related trajectories of morbidities differ little, suggesting that age of onset of disease may be the source of variation in lifespan across breeds. Future studies with increased sample sizes and longitudinal monitoring may help us discern more breed-specific patterns in morbidity. Overall, the large increase in multimorbidity seen with age in dogs mirrors that seen in humans and lends even more credence to the value of companion dogs as models for human morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kate E Creevy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dan G O'Neill
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;
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Gutiérrez-Gil B, Arranz JJ, Wiener P. An interpretive review of selective sweep studies in Bos taurus cattle populations: identification of unique and shared selection signals across breeds. Front Genet 2015; 6:167. [PMID: 26029239 PMCID: PMC4429627 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review compiles the results of 21 genomic studies of European Bos taurus breeds and thus provides a general picture of the selection signatures in taurine cattle identified by genome-wide selection-mapping scans. By performing a comprehensive summary of the results reported in the literature, we compiled a list of 1049 selection sweeps described across 37 cattle breeds (17 beef breeds, 14 dairy breeds, and 6 dual-purpose breeds), and four different beef-vs.-dairy comparisons, which we subsequently grouped into core selective sweep (CSS) regions, defined as consecutive signals within 1 Mb of each other. We defined a total of 409 CSSs across the 29 bovine autosomes, 232 (57%) of which were associated with a single-breed (Single-breed CSSs), 134 CSSs (33%) were associated with a limited number of breeds (Two-to-Four-breed CSSs) and 39 CSSs (9%) were associated with five or more breeds (Multi-breed CSSs). For each CSS, we performed a candidate gene survey that identified 291 genes within the CSS intervals (from the total list of 5183 BioMart-extracted genes) linked to dairy and meat production, stature, and coat color traits. A complementary functional enrichment analysis of the CSS positional candidates highlighted other genes related to pathways underlying behavior, immune response, and reproductive traits. The Single-breed CSSs revealed an over-representation of genes related to dairy and beef production, this was further supported by over-representation of production-related pathway terms in these regions based on a functional enrichment analysis. Overall, this review provides a comparative map of the selection sweeps reported in European cattle breeds and presents for the first time a characterization of the selection sweeps that are found in individual breeds. Based on their uniqueness, these breed-specific signals could be considered as “divergence signals,” which may be useful in characterizing and protecting livestock genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan J Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León León, Spain
| | - Pamela Wiener
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh Midlothian, UK
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Kijas JW, Porto-Neto L, Dominik S, Reverter A, Bunch R, McCulloch R, Hayes BJ, Brauning R, McEwan J. Linkage disequilibrium over short physical distances measured in sheep using a high-density SNP chip. Anim Genet 2014; 45:754-7. [PMID: 25040320 DOI: 10.1111/age.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between genetic loci has implications for both association studies and the accuracy of genomic prediction. To characterise the persistence of LD in diverse sheep breeds, two SNP genotyping platforms were used. First, existing SNP genotypes from 63 breeds obtained using the ovine SNP50 BeadChip (49,034 loci) were used to estimate LD decay in populations with contrasting levels of genetic diversity. Given the paucity of marker pairs separated by short physical distances on the SNP50 BeadChip, genotyping was subsequently performed for four breeds using the recently developed ovine HD BeadChip that assays approximately 600,000 SNPs with an average genomic spacing of 5 kb. This facilitated a highly accurate estimate of LD over short genomic distances (<30 kb) and revealed LD varies considerably between sheep breeds. Further, sheep appear to contain generally lower levels of LD than do other domestic species, likely a reflection of aspects of their past population history.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Kijas
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia
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Mousel MR, Notter DR, Leeds TD, Zerby HN, Moeller SJ, Taylor JB, Lewis GS. Evaluation of Columbia, USMARC-Composite, Suffolk, and Texel rams as terminal sires in an extensive rangeland production system: VIII. Quality measures of lamb longissimus dorsi. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2861-8. [PMID: 24778326 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality measures of lamb longissimus dorsi were evaluated in 514 crossbred wether lambs to assess sire breed differences. Wethers were produced over 3 yr from single-sire matings of 22 Columbia, 22 U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC)-Composite (Composite), 21 Suffolk, and 17 Texel rams to adult Rambouillet ewes. Lambs were reared to weaning in an extensive western rangeland production system and finished in a feedlot on a high-energy finishing diet. One of three harvest groups were randomly assigned to each lamb, and lambs were transported to The Ohio State University abattoir when the mean BW of wethers remaining in the feedlot reached 54.4, 61.2, or 68.0 kg. After harvest, subjective lean quality scores were assigned and LM pH (immediately after and 24 h after harvest), color (quantified as Minolta L*, a*, and b*), intramuscular fat (IMF), cooking loss percentage, and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) were determined. Statistical models included fixed effects of sire breed, year of birth, and harvest group and random effects of sire (nested within sire breed and year) and maternal grandsire. Year and harvest group were significant (P < 0.04) for all traits, except harvest group was not for WBSF and lean quality (P > 0.28). At comparable numbers of days on feed, Texel-sired wethers had the greatest (more desirable; P < 0.01) subjective lean quality scores while Composite- and Suffolk-sired lambs were intermediate and Columbia-sired lambs had the lowest (less desirable). Minolta L* values were greater (P < 0.02) for Texel- than Columbia-sired lambs, although this difference is not visually discernible by humans. No significant (P > 0.05) sire breed effects were detected for LM pH at or 24 h after harvest, Minolta a* and b*, IMF, percentage of cooking loss, and WBSF at comparable numbers of days on feed. At comparable chilled carcass weight, significant (P < 0.01) sire breed effects were detected for subjective lean quality score. Texel-sired lambs had greater scores than Columbia- and Suffolk-sired lambs, but Composite-sired lambs did not differ from lambs sired by the other sire breeds. Sire breed effects were not detected (P > 0.15) for LM pH at or 24 h after harvest, Minolta L*, a*, and b*, cooking loss percentage, IMF, and WBSF at comparable chilled carcass weight. Therefore, results of the present study indicated that the 4 sire breeds produced crossbred lamb carcasses that had similar and desirable LM quality measurements, meeting consumer expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mousel
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423
| | - D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
| | - T D Leeds
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423
| | - H N Zerby
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - S J Moeller
- Department of Animal Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - J B Taylor
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423
| | - G S Lewis
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID 83423
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Petersen JL, Mickelson JR, Cleary KD, McCue ME. The American Quarter Horse: population structure and relationship to the thoroughbred. J Hered 2014; 105:148-62. [PMID: 24293614 PMCID: PMC3920813 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A breed known for its versatility, the American Quarter Horse (QH), is increasingly bred for performance in specific disciplines. The impact of selective breeding on the diversity and structure of the QH breed was evaluated using pedigree analysis and genome-wide SNP data from horses representing 6 performance groups (halter, western pleasure, reining, working cow, cutting, and racing). Genotype data (36 037 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) from 36 Thoroughbreds were also evaluated with those from the 132 performing QHs to evaluate the Thoroughbred's influence on QH diversity. Results showed significant population structure among all QH performance groups excepting the comparison between the cutting and working cow horses; divergence was greatest between the cutting and racing QHs, the latter of which had a large contribution of Thoroughbred ancestry. Significant coancestry and the potential for inbreeding exist within performance groups, especially when considering the elite performers. Relatedness within performance groups is increasing with popular sires contributing disproportionate levels of variation to each discipline. Expected heterozygosity, inbreeding, F ST, cluster, and haplotype analyses suggest these QHs can be broadly classified into 3 categories: stock, racing, and pleasure/halter. Although the QH breed as a whole contains substantial genetic diversity, current breeding practices have resulted in this variation being sequestered into subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Petersen
- Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, 225 VPM, St Paul, MN 55108
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Marshall K. Optimizing the use of breed types in developing country livestock production systems: a neglected research area. J Anim Breed Genet 2014; 131:329-40. [PMID: 24467512 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing country livestock production systems are diverse and dynamic, and include those where existing indigenous breeds are currently optimal and likely to remain so, those where non-indigenous breed types are already in common use, and systems that are changing, such as by intensification, where the introduction of new breed types represents significant opportunities. These include opportunities to improve the livelihood of the world's poor, increase food and nutrition security and enhance environmental sustainability. At present, very little research has focused on this issue, such that significant knowledge gaps in relation to breed-change interventions remain. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of this issue and suggests strategic research areas to begin filling these knowledge gaps. Such strategic research would include (i) assessing the impact of differing breed types in developing country livestock productions systems, from a range of viewpoints including intrahousehold livelihood benefit, food and nutrition security at different scales, and environmental sustainability; (ii) identification of specific livestock production systems within developing countries, and the type of livestock keepers within these system, that are most likely to benefit from new breed types; and (iii) identification of new breed types as candidates for in-situ testing within these systems, such as through the use of spatial analysis to identify similar production environments combined with community acceptance studies. Results of these studies would primarily assist stakeholders in agriculture, including both policy makers and livestock keepers, to make informed decisions on the potential use of new breed types.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Marshall
- The International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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Pilarczyk R, Wójcik J, Czerniak P, Sablik P, Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A. Concentrations of toxic heavy metals and trace elements in raw milk of Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cows from organic farm. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:8383-8392. [PMID: 23572404 PMCID: PMC3759731 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of toxic heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb)) and major nutritional and trace elements (Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn) were analyzed in the milk of Simmental (n = 20) and Holstein-Friesian (n = 20) cows from an organic farm. Elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission atomic spectrometry. The conducted research showed that the milk of Simmental cows was characterized by the more advantageous mineral composition and lower concentration of noxious heavy metals compared to the milk of Holstein-Friesian cows. In the milk of Simmental cows, significantly lower concentrations of Pb and Cd (P < 0.001) and Cu (P < 0.05) and significantly higher concentrations of Fe and Mg (P < 0.05) as well as nonsignificantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Se were found. In the milk of both breeds, very low Cu concentrations were recorded. The higher-than-recommended concentration of Pb in milk was also found. In the milk of both breeds, the significant positive correlations between concentrations of the following elements were observed: Pb-Cd, Pb-Se, Cd-Se, Cd-Mn, Zn-Cu, Zn-P, Ca-P, Ca-Mg, and Mg-P. The correlations between other elements within each of the analyzed breeds separately were also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pilarczyk
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Judyma 10 Street, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
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Ross P, Buntzman AS, Vincent BG, Grover EN, Gojanovich GS, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Allelic diversity at the DLA-88 locus in Golden Retriever and Boxer breeds is limited. Tissue Antigens 2012; 80:175-83. [PMID: 22571293 PMCID: PMC3407292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the dog, previous analyses of major histocompatibility complex class I genes suggest a single polymorphic locus, dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-88. While 51 alleles have been reported, estimates of prevalence have not been made. We hypothesized that, within a breed, DLA-88 diversity would be restricted, and one or more dominant alleles could be identified. Accordingly, we determined allele usage in 47 Golden Retrievers and 39 Boxers. In each population, 10 alleles were found; 4 were shared. Seven novel alleles were identified. DLA-88*05101 and *50801 predominated in Golden Retrievers, while most Boxers carried *03401. In these breeds, DLA-88 polymorphisms are limited and largely non-overlapping. The finding of highly prevalent alleles fulfills an important prerequisite for studying canine CD8+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Adam S. Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Vincent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elise N. Grover
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gregory S. Gojanovich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward J. Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul R. Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Urfer SR, Greer K, Wolf NS. Age-related cataract in dogs: a biomarker for life span and its relation to body size. Age (Dordr) 2011; 33:451-460. [PMID: 20607428 PMCID: PMC3168595 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data from 72 dog breeds of varying size and life expectancy were grouped according to breed body mass and tested for prevalence at ages 4 to 5, ages 7 to 10, and lifetime incidence of non-hereditary, age-related cataract (ARC). The incidence of ARC was found to be directly related to the relative life expectancies in the breed groups: The smallest dog breeds had a lower ARC prevalence between ages 4 and 5 than mid-size breeds and these, in turn, a lower prevalence than the giant breeds. A similar sequence was evident for ages 7 to 10 and for overall lifetime incidence of ARC. These differences became more significant when comparing small and giant breeds only. We could also confirm the inverse relationship between body size and life expectancy in these same sets of dog breeds. Our results show that body size, life expectancy, and ARC incidence are interrelated in dogs. Given that ARC has been shown to be at least partially caused by oxidative damage to lens epithelial cells and the internal lens, we suggest that it can be considered not only as a general biomarker for life expectancy in the canine and possibly other species, but also for the systemic damages produced by reactive oxygen species. This suggests new approaches to examine the gene expression pathways affecting the above-noted linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan R. Urfer
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470 USA
| | - Kimberly Greer
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Indiana University East, Richmond, IN 47374 USA
| | - Norman S. Wolf
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7470 USA
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Braend M, Andersen AE. Variation of transferrin and esterase in sera of dogs. Acta Vet Scand 1987; 28:435-44. [PMID: 3454554 PMCID: PMC8185753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrin (Tf), arylesterase (ArE) and another esterase (Es) have been studied in sera from 1023 dogs by the use of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gels. Tf types were determined after protein staining in gels of pH range 5–6 and 5–7. The expression of Tf types as measured by strength of bands varied considerably. The Tf band patterns are explained by the occurrence of the 4 codominant alleles, TfF, TfM ΤfM2 and TfS of which TfM1 and TfM2are common. Some breeds had similar gene frequencies, others differed considerably. For determination of ArE types specifically stained gels of pH range 4.2–4.9 and 4.0–6.5 were employed. The ArE phenotypes appeared as multiple band patterns of which the individual bands varied considerably in strength. Atypical ArE patterns were observed in dogs suffering from certain diseases. The normal ArE phenotypes are explained by a total of 7 codominant alleles of which ArEN and ArET have not been previously described. Gene frequencies varied between breeds. For the other esterase (Es) the appearance and position of bands indicate at least 2 alleles in this system.
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