1
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Tanguay AP, Menon NG, Boudreau MH, Jastrzebski S, Woods PS, Doyle EA, Edwards WB, Jay GD, Deymier AC, Lorenzo J, Lee SK, Schmidt TA. PRG4 deficiency in mice alters skeletal structure, mechanics, and calvarial osteoclastogenesis, and rhPRG4 inhibits in vitro osteoclastogenesis. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:1231-1243. [PMID: 38111181 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, estimated to affect over 10 million people in the United States alone. Drugs used to treat bone loss often come with significant limitations and/or long-term safety concerns. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4, also known as lubricin) is a mucin-like glycoprotein best known for its boundary lubricating function of articular cartilage. In more recent years, it has been shown that PRG4 has anti-inflammatory properties, contributes to the maintenance of subchondral bone integrity, and patients with PRG4 mutations are osteopenic. However, it remains unknown how PRG4 impacts mechanical and material properties of bone. Therefore, our objective was to perform a phenotyping study of bone in a Prg4 gene trap (GT) mouse (PRG4 deficient). We found that femurs of Prg4 GT mice have altered mechanical, structural, and material properties relative to wildtype littermates. Additionally, Prg4 GT mice have a greater number of calvarial osteoclasts than wildtype mice, but do not have a notable inflammatory serum profile. Finally, Prg4 GT mice do not have an altered rate of bone formation, and exogenous recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) administration inhibited osteoclastogenesis in vitro, suggesting that the skeletal phenotype may be due to changes in bone resorption. Overall, this work demonstrates that PRG4 deficiency affects several integral properties of bone structure, mechanics, and skeletal cell activity, and provides the foundation and insight toward future work evaluating PRG4 as a potential therapeutic target in treating bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Tanguay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nikhil G Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Sandra Jastrzebski
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paige S Woods
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erica A Doyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - W Brent Edwards
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Engineering, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alix C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joseph Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Ghelich P, Samandari M, Hassani Najafabadi A, Tanguay A, Quint J, Menon N, Ghanbariamin D, Saeedinejad F, Alipanah F, Chidambaram R, Krawetz R, Nuutila K, Toro S, Barnum L, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Tamayol A. Dissolvable Immunomodulatory Microneedles for Treatment of Skin Wounds. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302836. [PMID: 38299437 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Sustained inflammation can halt or delay wound healing, and macrophages play a central role in wound healing. Inflammatory macrophages are responsible for the removal of pathogens, debris, and neutrophils, while anti-inflammatory macrophages stimulate various regenerative processes. Recombinant human Proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) is shown to modulate macrophage polarization and to prevent fibrosis and scarring in ear wound healing. Here, dissolvable microneedle arrays (MNAs) carrying rhPRG4 are engineered for the treatment of skin wounds. The in vitro experiments suggest that rhPRG4 modulates the inflammatory function of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Degradable and detachable microneedles are developed from gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) attach to a dissolvable gelatin backing. The developed MNAs are able to deliver a high dose of rhPRG4 through the dissolution of the gelatin backing post-injury, while the GelMA microneedles sustain rhPRG4 bioavailability over the course of treatment. In vivo results in a murine model of full-thickness wounds with impaired healing confirm a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers such as TNF-α and IL-6, and an increase in angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Collectively, these results demonstrate rhPRG4-incorporating MNA is a promising platform in skin wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Ghelich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Alireza Hassani Najafabadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Adam Tanguay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jacob Quint
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Nikhil Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Delaram Ghanbariamin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Farnoosh Saeedinejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Fatemeh Alipanah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Chidambaram
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, 78234, USA
| | - Steven Toro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Lindsay Barnum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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3
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Gonzalez-Nolde S, Schweiger CJ, Davis EER, Manzoni TJ, Hussein SMI, Schmidt TA, Cone SG, Jay GD, Parreno J. The Actin Cytoskeleton as a Regulator of Proteoglycan 4. Cartilage 2024:19476035231223455. [PMID: 38183234 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231223455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage is responsible for distributing shear forces for optimal cartilage loading and contributes to joint lubrication through the production of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4). PRG4 plays a critical role in joint homeostasis and is chondroprotective. Normal PRG4 production is affected by inflammation and irregular mechanical loading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). THe SZ chondrocyte (SZC) phenotype, including PRG4 expression, is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in vitro. There remains a limited understanding of the regulation of PRG4 by the actin cytoskeleton in native articular chondrocytes. The filamentous (F)-actin cytoskeleton is a potential node in crosstalk between mechanical stimulation and cytokine activation and the regulation of PRG4 in SZCs, therefore developing insights in the regulation of PRG4 by actin may identify molecular targets for novel PTOA therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search on PRG4 and the regulation of the SZC phenotype by actin organization was performed. RESULTS PRG4 is strongly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in isolated SZCs in vitro. Biochemical and mechanical stimuli have been characterized to regulate PRG4 and may converge upon actin cytoskeleton signaling. CONCLUSION Actin-based regulation of PRG4 in native SZCs is not fully understood and requires further elucidation. Understanding the regulation of PRG4 by actin in SZCs requires an in vivo context to further potential of leveraging actin arrangement to arthritic therapeutics.
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Damen AHA, van Donkelaar CC, Sharma PK, Wan H, Cardinaels R, Schmidt TA, Ito K. Friction reducing ability of a poly-l-lysine and dopamine modified hyaluronan coating for polycaprolactone cartilage resurfacing implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 36959715 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Frictional properties of cartilage resurfacing implants should be sufficiently low to limit damaging of the opposing cartilage during articulation. The present study determines if native lubricious molecule proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) can adsorb onto a layer-by-layer bioinspired coating composed of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and dopamine modified hyaluronic acid (HADN) and thereby can reduce the friction between implant and articular cartilage. An ELISA was developed to quantify the amount of immobilized human recombinant (rh)PRG4 after exposure to the PLL-HADN coating. The effect on lubrication was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of friction (CoF) of bare polycaprolactone (PCL) disks to that of PLL-HADN coated PCL disks while articulated against cartilage using a ring-on-disk geometry and a lubricant solution consisting of native synovial fluid components including rhPRG4. The PLL-HADN coating effectively immobilized rhPRG4. The surface roughness of PCL disks significantly increased while the water contact angle significantly decreased after application of the coating. The average CoF measured during the first minute of bare PCL against cartilage exceeded twice the CoF of the PLL-HADN coated PCL against cartilage. After 60 min, the CoF reached equilibrium values which were still significantly higher for bare PCL compared to coated PCL. The present study demonstrated that PCL can effectively be coated with PLL-HADN. Additionally, this coating reduces the friction between PCL and cartilage when a PRG4-rich lubricant is used, similar to the lubricating surface of native cartilage. This makes PLL-HADN coating a promising application to improve the clinical success of PCL-based cartilage resurfacing implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H A Damen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C C van Donkelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Cardinaels
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - T A Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Ito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Roggio F, Petrigna L, Trovato B, Di Rosa M, Musumeci G. The Role of Lubricin, Irisin and Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065126. [PMID: 36982198 PMCID: PMC10049370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease that worsens with age and is defined by pathological alterations in joint components. All clinical treatment recommendations for osteoarthritis promote exercise, although precise molecular pathways are unclear. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the research on lubricin and irisin and how they relate to healthy and diseased joint tissue. Our research focused specifically on exercise strategies and offered new perspectives for future potential osteoarthritis treatment plans. Although lubricin and irisin have only recently been discovered, there is evidence that they have an impact on cartilage homeostasis. A crucial component of cartilage lubrication and integrity, lubricin is a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein released by the synovial joint. Its expression increases with joint movement. In healthy joints, lubricin molecules cover the cartilage surface to lubricate the boundary of the joint and inhibit protein and cell attachment. Patients with joint trauma, inflammatory arthritis, or genetically mediated lubricin deficiency, who do not produce enough lubricin to protect the articular cartilage, develop arthropathy. Irisin, sometimes known as the "sports hormone", is a myokine secreted primarily by skeletal muscle. It is a physiologically active protein that can enter the circulation as an endocrine factor, and its synthesis and secretion are primarily triggered by exercise-induced muscle contraction. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the appropriate keywords to identify the most recent research. The studies considered advance our knowledge of the role that exercise plays in the fight against osteoarthritis, serve as a valuable resource, and support the advancement of osteoarthritis prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bruno Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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6
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Baltzer AW, Casadonte R, Korff A, Baltzer LM, Kriegsmann K, Kriegsmann M, Kriegsmann J. Biological injection therapy with leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma induces cellular alterations, enhancement of lubricin, and inflammatory downregulation in vivo in human knees: A controlled, prospective human clinical trial based on mass spectrometry imaging analysis. Front Surg 2023; 10:1169112. [PMID: 37151865 PMCID: PMC10160617 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1169112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the in vivo biological effects of leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LpPRP) treatment in human synovial layer to establish the cellular basis for a prolonged clinical improvement. Methods Synovial tissues (n = 367) were prospectively collected from patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery. Autologous-conditioned plasma, LpPRP, was injected into the knees of 163 patients 1-7 days before surgery to reduce operative trauma and inflammation, and to induce the onset of regeneration. A total of 204 patients did not receive any injection. All samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry imaging. Data analysis was evaluated by clustering, classification, and investigation of predictive peptides. Peptide identification was done by tandem mass spectrometry and database matching. Results Data analysis revealed two major clusters belonging to LpPRP-treated (LpPRP-1) and untreated (LpPRP-0) patients. Classification analysis showed a discrimination accuracy of 82%-90%. We identified discriminating peptides for CD45 and CD29 receptors (receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C and integrin beta 1), indicating an enhancement of musculoskeletal stem cells, as well as an enhancement of lubricin, collagen alpha-1-(I) chain, and interleukin-receptor-17-E, dampening the inflammatory reaction in the LpPRP-1 group following LpPRP injection. Conclusions We could demonstrate for the first time that injection therapy using "autologic-conditioned biologics" may lead to cellular changes in the synovial membrane that might explain the reported prolonged beneficial clinical effects. Here, we show in vivo cellular changes, possibly based on muscular skeletal stem cell alterations, in the synovial layer. The gliding capacities of joints might be improved by enhancing of lubricin, anti-inflammation by activation of interleukin-17 receptor E, and reduction of the inflammatory process by blocking interleukin-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel W. Baltzer
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, MVZ Ortho Koenigsallee, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: Axel W. Baltzer
| | - Rita Casadonte
- Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany
| | - Alexei Korff
- Center for Molecular Orthopaedics, MVZ Ortho Koenigsallee, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department for Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Kriegsmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Germany Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kriegsmann
- Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Proteopath GmbH, Trier, Germany
- MVZ-Zentrum für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik, Trier, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
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7
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M Silva S, Langley DP, Cossins LR, Samudra AN, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Tothill RW, Greene GW, Moulton SE. Rapid Point-of-Care Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Cancer Tn Antigen Carbohydrate in Whole Unprocessed Blood. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3379-3388. [PMID: 36374944 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Improving outcomes for cancer patients during treatment and monitoring for cancer recurrence requires personalized care which can only be achieved through regular surveillance for biomarkers. Unfortunately, routine detection for blood-based biomarkers is cost-prohibitive using currently specialized laboratories. Using a rapid self-assembly sensing interface amenable to methods of mass production, we demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify a small carbohydrate-based cancer biomarker, Tn antigen (αGalNAc-Ser/Thr) in a small volume of blood, using a test format strip reminiscent of a blood glucose test. The detection of Tn antigen at picomolar levels is achieved through a new transduction mechanism based on the impact of Tn antigen interactions on the molecular dynamic motion of a lectin cross-linked lubricin antifouling brush. In tests performed on retrospective blood plasma samples from patients presenting three different tumor types, differentiation between healthy and diseased patients was achieved, highlighting the clinical potential for cancer monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimon M Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn3122, Victoria, Australia.,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne3065, Victoria, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn3122, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Anita F Quigley
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne3001, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne3065, Victoria, Australia.,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne3065, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne3001, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne3065, Victoria, Australia.,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne3065, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds3216, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn3122, Victoria, Australia.,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne3065, Victoria, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn3122, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Madl AC, Liu C, Cirera-Salinas D, Fuller GG, Myung D. A Mucin-Deficient Ocular Surface Mimetic Platform for Interrogating Drug Effects on Biolubrication, Antiadhesion Properties, and Barrier Functionality. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:18016-18030. [PMID: 35416028 PMCID: PMC9052192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) affects more than 100 million people worldwide, causing significant patient discomfort and imposing a multi-billion-dollar burden on global health care systems. In DED patients, the natural biolubrication process that facilitates pain-free blinking goes awry due to an imbalance of lipids, aqueous medium, and mucins in the tear film, resulting in ocular surface damage. Identifying strategies to reduce adhesion and shear stresses between the ocular surface and the conjunctival cells lining the inside of the eyelid during blink cycles is a promising approach to improve the signs and symptoms of DED. However, current preclinical models for screening ocular lubricants rely on scarce, heterogeneous tissue samples or model substrates that do not capture the complex biochemical and biophysical cues present at the ocular surface. To recapitulate the hierarchical architecture and phenotype of the ocular interface for preclinical drug screening, we developed an in vitro mucin-deficient DED model platform that mimics the complexity of the ocular interface and investigated its utility in biolubrication, antiadhesion, and barrier protection studies using recombinant human lubricin, a promising investigational therapy for DED. The biomimetic platform recapitulated the pathological changes in biolubrication, adhesion, and barrier functionality often observed in mucin-deficient DED patients and demonstrated that recombinant human lubricin can reverse the damage induced by mucin loss in a dose- and conformation-dependent manner. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of the platform─and recombinant human lubricin─in advancing the standard of care for mucin-deficient DED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C. Madl
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chunzi Liu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Cirera-Salinas
- Biologics
Analytical Research and Development, Novartis
Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Gerald G. Fuller
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Myung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Byers
Eye Institute, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94303, United States
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9
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Yang DS, Dickerson EE, Zhang LX, Richendrfer H, Karamchedu PN, Badger GJ, Schmidt TA, Fredericks AM, Elsaid KA, Jay GD. Quadruped Gait and Regulation of Apoptotic Factors in Tibiofemoral Joints following Intra-Articular rhPRG4 Injection in Prg4 Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084245. [PMID: 35457064 PMCID: PMC9025840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome leads to diarthrodial joint arthropathy and is caused by the absence of lubricin (proteoglycan 4—PRG4), a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein responsible for lubricating articular cartilage. In this study, mice lacking the orthologous gene Prg4 served as a model that recapitulates the destructive arthrosis that involves biofouling of cartilage by serum proteins in lieu of Prg4. This study hypothesized that Prg4-deficient mice would demonstrate a quadruped gait change and decreased markers of mitochondrial dyscrasia, following intra-articular injection of both hindlimbs with recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4). Prg4−/− (N = 44) mice of both sexes were injected with rhPRG4 and gait alterations were studied at post-injection day 3 and 6, before joints were harvested for immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 activation. Increased stance and propulsion was shown at 3 days post-injection in male mice. There were significantly fewer caspase-3-positive chondrocytes in tibiofemoral cartilage from rhPRG4-injected mice. The mitochondrial gene Mt-tn, and myosin heavy (Myh7) and light chains (Myl2 and Myl3), known to play a cytoskeletal stabilizing role, were significantly upregulated in both sexes (RNA-Seq) following IA rhPRG4. Chondrocyte mitochondrial dyscrasias attributable to the arthrosis in CACP may be mitigated by IA rhPRG4. In a supporting in vitro crystal microbalance experiment, molecular fouling by albumin did not block the surface activity of rhPRG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Yang
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.S.Y.); (G.D.J.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Edward E. Dickerson
- North Carolina Agricultural Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ling X. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Holly Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Padmini N. Karamchedu
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Alger M. Fredericks
- Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.S.Y.); (G.D.J.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
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10
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Das N, Menon NG, de Almeida LGN, Woods PS, Heynen ML, Jay GD, Caffery B, Jones L, Krawetz R, Schmidt TA, Dufour A. Proteomics Analysis of Tears and Saliva From Sjogren's Syndrome Patients. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787193. [PMID: 34950038 PMCID: PMC8689002 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by dysfunctional mucous membranes and dysregulated moisture-secreting glands resulting in various symptoms, including dry mouth and dry eyes. Here, we wanted to profile and compare the tear and saliva proteomes of SS patients to healthy controls. Tear and saliva samples were collected and subjected to an isotopic dimethylation labeling shotgun proteomics workflow to identify alterations in protein levels. In tear samples, we identified 83 upregulated and 112 downregulated proteins. Pathway enrichment analysis of the changing proteins by Metascape identified leukocyte transendothelial migration, neutrophil degranulation, and post-translation protein phosphorylation in tears of SS patients. In healthy controls' tears, an enrichment for proteins related to glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and apoptotic signaling pathway were identified. In saliva, we identified 108 upregulated and 45 downregulated proteins. Altered pathways in SS patients' saliva included cornification, sensory perception to taste and neutrophil degranulation. In healthy controls' saliva, an enrichment for proteins related to JAK-STAT signaling after interleukin-12 stimulation, phagocytosis and glycolysis in senescence were identified. Dysregulated protease activity is implicated in the initiation of inflammation and immune cell recruitment in SS. We identified 20 proteases and protease inhibitors in tears and 18 in saliva which are differentially expressed between SS patients and healthy controls. Next, we quantified endogenous proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein, in tear wash and saliva samples via a bead-based immune assay. We identified decreased levels of PRG4 in SS patients' tear wash compared to normal samples. Conversely, in saliva, we found elevated levels of PRG4 concentration and visualized PRG4 expression in human parotid gland via immunohistological staining. These findings will improve our mechanistic understanding of the disease and changes in SS patients' protein expression will help identify new potential drug targets. PRG4 is among the promising targets, which we identified here, in saliva, for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabangshu Das
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nikhil G. Menon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Luiz G. N. de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paige S. Woods
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Miriam L. Heynen
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- McCaig Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pathology of the facet and sacroiliac (SI) joints contributes to 15% to 45% and 10% to 27% of lower back pain cases, respectively. Although tissue engineering may offer novel treatment options to patients suffering from cartilage degeneration in these joints, the tribological characteristics of the facet and SI joints have not been studied in either the human or relevant large animal models, which hinders the development of joint-specific cartilage implants. DESIGN Cartilage was isolated from the knee, cervical facet, thoracic facet, lumbar facet, and SI joints of 6 skeletally mature Yucatan minipigs (Sus scrofa). Tribological characteristics were assessed via coefficient of friction testing, interferometry, and immunohistochemistry for lubricin organization. RESULTS Compared with the knee, the coefficient of friction was higher by 43% in the cervical facet, 77% in the thoracic facet, 37% in the lumbar facet, and 28% in the SI joint. Likewise, topographical features of the facet and SI joints varied significantly, ranging from a 114% to 384% increase and a 48% to 107% increase in global and local surface roughness measures, respectively, compared with the knee. Additionally, the amount of lubricin in the SI joint was substantially greater than in the knee. Statistical correlations among the various tribological parameters revealed that there was a significant correlation between local roughness and coefficient of friction, but not global roughness or the presence of lubricin. CONCLUSION These location-specific tribological characteristics of the articular cartilages of the spine will need to be taken into consideration during the development of physiologically relevant, functional, and durable tissue-engineered replacements for these joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Nordberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Jerry C. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, CA, USA,Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 3418 Engineering Hall, Irvine,
CA 92617, USA.
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12
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Li C, Xia Y, Liu C, Huang R, Qi W, He Z, Su R. Lubricin-Inspired Loop Zwitterionic Peptide for Fabrication of Superior Antifouling Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:41978-41986. [PMID: 34448564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling represents great challenges in many applications, and zwitterionic peptides have been a promising candidate due to their biocompatibility and excellent antifouling performance. Inspired by lubricin, we designed a loop-like zwitterionic peptide and investigated the effect of conformation (linear or loop) on the antifouling properties using a combination of surface plasma resonance (SPR), surface force apparatus (SFA), and all atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Our results demonstrate that the loop-like zwitterionic peptides perform better in resisting the adsorption of proteins and bacteria. SFA measurements show that the loop-like peptides reduce the adhesion between the modified surface and the modeling foulant lysozyme. All atomistic MD simulations reveal that the loop-like zwitterionic peptides are more rigid than the linear-like zwitterionic peptides and avoid the penetration of the terminus into the foulants, which lower the interaction between the zwitterionic peptides and foulants. Besides, the loop-like zwitterionic peptides avoid the aggregation of the chains and bind more water, improving the hydrophilicity and antifouling performance. Altogether, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the conformation effect of zwitterionic peptides on their antifouling properties, which may contribute to designing novel antifouling materials in various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yinqiang Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Renliang Huang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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13
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Liu C, Madl AC, Cirera‐Salinas D, Kress W, Straube F, Myung D, Fuller GG. Mucin-Like Glycoproteins Modulate Interfacial Properties of a Mimetic Ocular Epithelial Surface. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100841. [PMID: 34184839 PMCID: PMC8373091 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) has high personal and societal costs, but its pathology remains elusive due to intertwined biophysical and biochemical processes at the ocular surface. Specifically, mucin deficiency is reported in a subset of DED patients, but its effects on ocular interfacial properties remain unclear. Herein a novel in vitro mucin-deficient mimetic ocular surface (Mu-DeMOS) with a controllable amount of membrane-tethered mucin molecules is developed to represent the diseased ocular surfaces. Contact angle goniometry on mimetic ocular surfaces reveals that high surface roughness, but not the presence of hydrophilic mucin molecules, delivers constant hydration over native ocular surface epithelia. Live-cell rheometry confirms that the presence of mucin-like glycoproteins on ocular epithelial cells reduces shear adhesive strength at cellular interfaces. Together, optimal surface roughness and surface chemistry facilitate sustainable lubrication for healthy ocular surfaces, while an imbalance between them contributes to lubrication-related dysfunction at diseased ocular epithelial surfaces. Furthermore, the restoration of low adhesive strength at Mu-DeMOS interfaces through a mucin-like glycoprotein, recombinant human lubricin, suggests that increased frictional damage at mucin-deficient cellular surfaces may be reversible. More broadly, these results demonstrate that Mu-DeMOS is a promising platform for drug screening assays and fundamental studies on ocular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzi Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Amy C. Madl
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Daniel Cirera‐Salinas
- Global Drug DevelopmentBiopharmaceutical Process & Product DevelopmentNovartis PharmaBaselAG 4002Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Kress
- Global Drug DevelopmentBiopharmaceutical Process & Product DevelopmentNovartis PharmaBaselAG 4002Switzerland
| | - Frank Straube
- Global Drug DevelopmentBiopharmaceutical Process & Product DevelopmentNovartis PharmaBaselAG 4002Switzerland
| | - David Myung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of OphthalmologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Gerald G. Fuller
- Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
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14
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Szin N, Silva SM, Moulton SE, Kapsa RMI, Quigley AF, Greene GW. Cellular Interactions with Lubricin and Hyaluronic Acid-Lubricin Composite Coatings on Gold Electrodes in Passive and Electrically Stimulated Environments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3696-3708. [PMID: 34283570 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the field of bionics, the long-term effectiveness of implantable bionic interfaces depends upon maintaining a "clean" and unfouled electrical interface with biological tissues. Lubricin (LUB) is an innately biocompatible glycoprotein with impressive antifouling properties. Unlike traditional antiadhesive coatings, LUB coatings do not passivate electrode surfaces, giving LUB coatings great potential for controlling surface fouling of implantable electrode interfaces. This study characterizes the antifouling properties of bovine native LUB (N-LUB), recombinant human LUB (R-LUB), hyaluronic acid (HA), and composite coatings of HA and R-LUB (HA/R-LUB) on gold electrodes against human primary fibroblasts and chondrocytes in passive and electrically stimulated environments for up to 96 h. R-LUB coatings demonstrated highly effective antifouling properties, preventing nearly all adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts and chondrocytes even under biphasic electrical stimulation. N-LUB coatings, while showing efficacy in the short term, failed to produce sustained antifouling properties against fibroblasts or chondrocytes over longer periods of time. HA/R-LUB composite films also demonstrated highly effective antifouling performance equal to the R-LUB coatings in both passive and electrically stimulated environments. The high electrochemical stability and long-lasting antifouling properties of R-LUB and HA/R-LUB coatings in electrically stimulating environments reveal the potential of these coatings for controlling unwanted cell adhesion in implantable bionic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Szin
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia.,School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - George W Greene
- Institute for Frontier Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3216, Australia
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15
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Shekhawat VK, Hamilton JL, Pacione CA, Schmid TM, Wimmer MA. A MOVING CONTACT OF ARTICULATION ENHANCES THE BIOSYNTHETIC AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 33898693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotri.2021.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical influences play a fundamental role in the structural, functional, and biosynthetic properties of articular cartilage. During physiologic joint loading, the contact area between two surfaces migrates due to the primary and secondary motions of the joint. It has been demonstrated that a migratory contact area plays a critical role in reducing the coefficient of friction at the cartilage surface. However, a detailed analysis of the influences that a migratory contact area plays on the structural, functional, and biosynthetic properties remain to be explored. In this study, bovine cartilage explants were placed in a biotribometer. Explants were subjected to compression and shear forces of migratory contact area, namely moving contact (MC) articulation, or stationary contact area, namely stationary contact (SC) articulation. Free swelling explants were used as control. In a separate study, bovine cartilage-bone grafts were used for frictional testing. On histologic analysis, the SC group had evidence of surface fibrillations, which was not evident in the MC group. Compared to the SC group, the MC group cartilage explants had increased chondrocyte viability, increased lubricin synthesis, and comparable proteoglycan synthesis and release. MC articulation had reduced coefficient of friction as compared to SC articulation. MC articulation led to reduced surface roughness as compared to SC articulation. In conclusion, a migratory contact area can play an important role in maintaining the structural, function, and biosynthetic properties of articular cartilage. This study provides further evidence of the importance of migratory contact area and in vitro assessment of natural joint movement, which can be further evaluated in the context of cartilage homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Shekhawat
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John L Hamilton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Carol A Pacione
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Thomas M Schmid
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Markus A Wimmer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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16
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Matheson A, Regmi SC, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Scott WM. The Effect of Intense Exercise on Equine Serum Proteoglycan-4/ Lubricin. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:599287. [PMID: 33392293 PMCID: PMC7772952 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.599287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Local biological and biomechanical-stimuli modulate proteoglycan-4 secretion within synovial joints. For the horse, changes to proteoglycan-4 concentration and function are notable in acute joint injury and osteoarthritis. Proteoglycan-4 (also known as Lubricin) is present in the blood, however the effect of exercise on equine serum levels is unknown. The overall objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of intense exercise on serum proteoglycan-4 in thoroughbred horses. Methods: Samples of blood were taken from thoroughbreds (n = 12) during a chuckwagon racing event (Alberta, Canada). The chuckwagon race is a sprint racing event where teams of horses pull a combined 1,325 lbs (601 kg) of wagon and driver around a 5/8th mile (1 km) of dirt track, racing at full gallop to the finish. Blood samples were collected 30-min before the race start, and several timepoints post-race: 5-min, 90-min, 3-h, 12-h, and 23-h. Proteoglycan-4 concentrations in serum were quantified by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay using recombinant-human proteoglycan-4 standards and anti-proteoglycan-4 mAb 9G3. The molecular weight of immunoreactive proteoglycan-4 in serum was assessed by western blot. Results: Proteoglyan-4 in serum demonstrated the expected high MW immunoreactivity to mAb 9G3, consistent with that of full length PRG4. Serum proteoglycan-4 decreased five-minutes post-race from baseline concentration (0.815 ± 0.175 to 0.466 ± 0.090 μg/mL, μ ± SEM, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The concentration of serum proteoglycan-4 in horses decreased significantly five min post-exercise. A potential explanation for this finding could be increased proteoglycan-4 clearance from the circulation. Further investigations could extend to complete the detailed characterization of proteoglycan-4 structure and its potential function within the blood as it relates to joint health and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austyn Matheson
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - W Michael Scott
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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17
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Flowers SA, Thomsson KA, Ali L, Huang S, Mthembu Y, Regmi SC, Holgersson J, Schmidt TA, Rolfson O, Björkman LI, Sundqvist M, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Jay GD, Eisler T, Krawetz R, Karlsson NG. Decrease of core 2 O-glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16023-16036. [PMID: 32928962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovial fluid glycoprotein lubricin (also known as proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type O-linked glycosylated biological lubricant implicated to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin's ability to reduce friction is related to its glycosylation consisting of sialylated and unsialylated Tn-antigens and core 1 and core 2 structures. The glycans on lubricin have also been suggested to be involved in crosslinking and stabilization of the lubricating superficial layer of cartilage by mediating interaction between lubricin and galectin-3. However, with the spectrum of glycans being found on lubricin, the glycan candidates involved in this interaction were unknown. Here, we confirm that the core 2 O-linked glycans mediate this lubricin-galectin-3 interaction, shown by surface plasmon resonance data indicating that recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core 2 structures did not bind to recombinant galectin-3. Conversely, transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the core 2 GlcNAc transferase acting on a mucin-type O-glycoprotein displayed increased galectin-3 binding. Both the level of galectin-3 and the galectin-3 interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients, coinciding with an increase in unsialylated core 1 O-glycans (T-antigens) and Tn-antigens. These data suggest a defect in crosslinking of surface-active molecules in OA and provide novel insights into OA molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Flowers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina A Thomsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Mthembu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ola Rolfson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena I Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas Eisler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Nemirov D, Nakagawa Y, Sun Z, Lebaschi A, Wada S, Carballo C, Deng XH, Putnam D, Bonassar LJ, Rodeo SA. Effect of Lubricin Mimetics on the Inhibition of Osteoarthritis in a Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:624-634. [PMID: 32004084 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519898691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein, plays a chondroprotective role as a constituent of synovial fluid. Structural analogs have been synthesized to mimic the structure and function of native lubricin in an effort to recapitulate this effect with the goal of delaying progression of osteoarthritis (OA). PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of intra-articular injections of lubricin mimetics in slowing or preventing the progression of posttraumatic OA by using a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory design. METHODS Four lubricin mimetics were investigated, differing from one another in their binding orientations and steric interactions. Eighty skeletally mature Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transections and were randomly allocated to receive intra-articular injections (50 µL/injection) of 1 of the 4 mimetics in the right knee and equal volumes of saline injection in the contralateral knee (control). All rats were euthanized 8 weeks postoperatively and assessed via biomechanical analysis, which evaluated comparative friction coefficients across the 4 groups, and histological evaluation of articular cartilage, osteophytes, and synovitis. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histopathological assessment system was used to evaluate the degree of articular cartilage degeneration and osteophytes, while synovitis was assessed through a semiquantitative scoring system. Binding efficacy of the 4 mimetics was assessed in vitro and in vivo through the immunohistochemical localization of polyethylene glycol. Articular cartilage degeneration and synovitis scoring data analyses were performed with generalized estimating equation modeling. RESULTS Injection of the group 3 mimetic (random 24 + 400 + 30) directly correlated with improved OARSI scores for femoral articular cartilage degeneration when compared with saline-injected contralateral control knees (P = .0410). No lubricin mimetic group demonstrated statistically significant differences in OARSI scores for tibial articular cartilage degeneration. Injection of the group 4 mimetic (AB 24 + 400 + 30) led to a statistically significant difference in osteophyte OARSI score (P = .0019). None of the 4 lubricin mimetics injections incited an additive synovial inflammatory response. Immunohistochemical staining substantiated the binding capacity of all 4 mimetics, while in vivo experimentation revealed that the group 1 and 3 mimetics were still retained within the joint 4 weeks after injection. There were no differences in friction coefficients between any pair of groups and no significant trends based on lubricin mimetic structure. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the tribosupplementation of a traumatically injured knee with a specific lubricin structural analog may attenuate the natural progression of OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current lack of efficacious clinical options to counter the onset and subsequent development of OA suggests that further investigation into the synthesis and behavior of lubricin analogs could yield novel translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nemirov
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhexun Sun
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amir Lebaschi
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susumu Wada
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camila Carballo
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang-Hua Deng
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Ravalli S, Szychlinska MA, Lauretta G, Di Rosa M, Musumeci G. Investigating lubricin and known cartilage-based biomarkers of osteoarthritis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:443-452. [PMID: 32085680 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1733978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease which primarily affects hyaline cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness and loss of mobility of the entire articulation. Diagnosis is commonly based on symptoms and radiographs, but there is a growing interest in detecting novel biomarkers, in serum, urine and synovial fluid, which can be predictors of disease onset and progression.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the main biomarkers currently used in OA clinical practice, with a focus on lubricin, a surface glycoprotein secreted in the synovial fluid that lubricates the cartilage and reduces the coefficient of friction within the joint. Key findings of the last years are presented throughout the article.Expert opinion: Analysis of biomarkers might suggest personalized protocols of treatment, guide the classification of OA phenotypes, contribute to precision medicine, avoid further unnecessary exams, facilitate drug discovery or refine treatment guidelines. For all these reasons, the investigation of novel cartilage-based biomarker of osteoarthritis needs to be promoted and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lauretta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Anatomy, Histology and Movement Sciences Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Italy.,Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Catania, Via Santa Sofia, Italy.,Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Cheung S, Subbaraman LN, Ngo W, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Jones L. Localization of full-length recombinant human proteoglycan-4 in commercial contact lenses using confocal microscopy. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2019; 31:110-122. [PMID: 31594478 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1678454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the sorption location of full-length recombinant human proteoglycan 4 (rhPRG4) tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to four silicone hydrogel contact lenses [balafilcon A (PureVision, Bausch + Lomb), senofilcon A (Acuvue Oasys, Johnson & Johnson), comfilcon A (Biofinity, CooperVision), lotrafilcon B (Air Optix, Alcon)] and one conventional hydrogel lens [etafilcon A (Acuvue 2, Johnson & Johnson)], using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Lenses (n = 3 each) were incubated under two conditions: (1) FITC-rhPRG4 solution at 300 μg/mL and (2) phosphate-buffered saline, for 1 h at 37 °C in darkness with gentle shaking. The central 4 mm of each lens was removed and viewed with the Zeiss 510 CLSM using an argon laser at 488 nm (FITC excitation 495 nm, emission 521 nm). Depth scans were taken at 1 μm intervals to a maximum depth of 100 μm. All lens materials demonstrated sorption of rhPRG4. Both senofilcon A and balafilcon A revealed FITC-rhPRG4 penetration into the bulk of the lens, generally favoring the surface. rhPRG4 was observed exclusively on the surface of lotrafilcon B, with no presence within the bulk of the lens. rhPRG4 was evenly distributed throughout the bulk of the lens, as well as on the surface, for comfilcon A and etafilcon A. The sorption profile of FITC-rhPRG4 was successfully visualized using CLSM in various contact lens materials. The polymer composition, surface treatment and pore size of the material can influence the sorption of rhPRG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Cheung
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshman N Subbaraman
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Ngo
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School & School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Thorson C, Galicia K, Burleson A, Bouchard O, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Hopkinson W. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors and Proteoglycan 4 in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2019; 25:1076029619828113. [PMID: 30754994 PMCID: PMC6714937 DOI: 10.1177/1076029619828113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, a degenerative disease of the joints, is the most common form of arthritis in the knee. Total joint arthoplasty is a commonly used treatment for joint degeneration and osteoarthritis, and due to these factors, TJA for hip and knee joints is projected to grow by 137% and 601% between 2005 and 2030. Matrix metalloproteases are enzymes found in the extracellular matrix that cleave matrix components. Normally MMPs are downregulated in tissues by Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteases, or TIMPs. The relative concentration of TIMPs also may denote some of the activity of the MMPs found in serum. Lubricin (proteoglycan 4) is a molecule found in the synovial fluid that protects joints by dissipating strain energy during locomotion. Lubricin synovial fluid concentration is also diminished in many patients with osteoarthritis, but not all. Given the importance of these three sets of molecules, our lab investigated the correlation between circulating lubricin, MMP levels and TIMPs levels. Blood plasma samples were obtained from de-identified subjects undergoing total joint arthroplasty at Loyola University Medical Center and the University of Utah. Normal blood plasma from pooled healthy individuals served as a control. We analyzed biomarker levels in plasma using ELISA. Our data show that MMP-1 and 9 were increased in TJA patients compared to normal controls, while MMP-2 and 13 were decreased. We also found decreased lubricin and tissue factor in surgical patients relative to controls. These data support the idea that lubricin is vital in protecting the synovial joint and that MMPs play a complex role in the destruction of the joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase Thorson
- 1 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Galicia
- 1 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Burleson
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Olivia Bouchard
- 1 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- 1 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- 1 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - William Hopkinson
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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22
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Sun Z, Feeney E, Guan Y, Cook SG, Gourdon D, Bonassar LJ, Putnam D. Boundary mode lubrication of articular cartilage with a biomimetic diblock copolymer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12437-41. [PMID: 31164421 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900716116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design of a diblock copolymer with architecture and function inspired by the lubricating glycoprotein lubricin. This diblock copolymer, synthesized by sequential reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, consists of a cationic cartilage-binding domain and a brush-lubricating domain. It reduces the coefficient of friction of articular cartilage under boundary mode conditions (0.088 ± 0.039) to a level equivalent to that provided by lubricin (0.093 ± 0.011). Additionally, both the EC50 (0.404 mg/mL) and cartilage-binding time constant (7.19 min) of the polymer are comparable to purified human and recombinant lubricin. Like lubricin, the tribological properties of this polymer are dependent on molecular architecture. When the same monomer composition was evaluated either as an AB diblock copolymer or as a random copolymer, the diblock effectively lubricated cartilage under boundary mode conditions whereas the random copolymer did not. Additionally, the individual polymer blocks did not lubricate independently, and lubrication could be competitively inhibited with an excess of binding domain. This diblock copolymer is an example of a synthetic polymer with lubrication properties equal to lubricin under boundary mode conditions, suggesting its potential utility as a therapy for joint pathologies like osteoarthritis.
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23
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Shurer CR, Wang Y, Feeney E, Head SE, Zhang VX, Su J, Cheng Z, Stark MA, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL, Paszek MJ. Stable recombinant production of codon-scrambled lubricin and mucin in human cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1292-1303. [PMID: 30684357 PMCID: PMC6764099 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Widespread therapeutic and commercial interest in recombinant mucin technology has emerged due to the unique ability of mucin glycoproteins to hydrate, protect, and lubricate biological surfaces. However, recombinant production of the large, highly repetitive domains that are characteristic of mucins remains a challenge in biomanufacturing likely due, at least in part, to the inherent instability of DNA repeats in the cellular genome. To overcome this challenge, we exploit codon redundancy to encode desired mucin polypeptides with minimal nucleotide repetition. The codon-scrambling strategy was applied to generate synonymous genes, or "synDNAs," for two mucins of commercial interest: lubricin and mucin 1. Stable, long-term recombinant production in suspension-adapted human 293-F cells was demonstrated for the synonymous lubricin complementary DNA (cDNA), which we refer to as SynLubricin. Under optimal conditions, a 293-F subpopulation produced recombinant SynLubricin at more than 200 mg/L of media and was stable throughout 2 months of continuous culture. Functionality tests confirmed that the recombinant lubricin could effectively inhibit cell adhesion and lubricate cartilage explants. Together, our work provides a viable workflow for cDNA design and stable mucin production in mammalian host production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn R. Shurer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Elizabeth Feeney
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shelby E. Head
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Victoria X. Zhang
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Zhu Cheng
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Morgan A. Stark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matthew J. Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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24
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Ye H, Han M, Huang R, Schmidt TA, Qi W, He Z, Martin LL, Jay GD, Su R, Greene GW. Interactions between Lubricin and Hyaluronic Acid Synergistically Enhance Antiadhesive Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:18090-18102. [PMID: 31026132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Preventing the unwanted adsorption of proteins and cells at articular cartilage surfaces plays a critical role in maintaining healthy joints and avoiding degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis. Immobilized at the surface of healthy articular cartilage is a thin, interfacial layer of macromolecules consisting mainly of hyaluronic acid (HA) and lubricin (LUB; a.k.a. PRG4) that is believed to form a co-adsorbed, composite film now known to exhibit synergistic tribological properties. Bioinspired by the composition of cartilage surfaces, composite layers of HA and LUB were grafted to Au surfaces and the antiadhesive properties were assessed using surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance. A clear synergistic enhancement in antiadhesive properties was observed in the composite films relative to grafted HA and LUB layers alone. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) normal force measurements provide insight into the architecture of the HA/LUB composite layer and implicate a strong contribution of hydrophobic interactions in the binding of LUB end-domains directly to HA chains. These AFM force measurements indicate that the adhesion of LUB to HA is strong and indicate that the hydrophobic coupling of LUB to HA shields the hydrophobic domains in these molecules from interactions with other proteins or molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mingyu Han
- Institute of Frontier Materials, Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science , Deakin University , 75 Pigdons Road , Waurn Ponds , VIC 3216 , Australia
| | | | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department , University of Connecticut , 263 Farmington Avenue , Farmington , Connecticut 06030 , United States
| | | | | | - Lisandra L Martin
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , Wellington Road , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | | | - George W Greene
- Institute of Frontier Materials, Australian Centre of Excellence in Electromaterials Science , Deakin University , 75 Pigdons Road , Waurn Ponds , VIC 3216 , Australia
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25
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Hurtig M, Zaghoul I, Sheardown H, Schmidt TA, Liu L, Zhang L, Elsaid KA, Jay GD. Two compartment pharmacokinetic model describes the intra-articular delivery and retention of rhprg4 following ACL transection in the Yucatan mini pig. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:386-396. [PMID: 30488470 PMCID: PMC7201402 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the injured joint with rhPRG4 is based on recent observations that inflammation diminishes expression of native PRG4. Re-establishing lubrication between pressurized and sliding cartilage surfaces during locomotion promotes the nascent expression of PRG4 and thus intra-articular (IA) treatment strategies should be supported by pharmacokinetic evidence establishing the residence time of rhPRG4. A total of 21 Yucatan minipigs weighing ∼55 kg each received 4 mg of 131 I-rhPRG4 delivered by IA injection 5 days following surgical ACL transection. Animals were sequentially euthanized following IA rhPRG4 at 10 min (time zero), 24, 72 h, 6, 13 and 20 days later. The decay of the 131 I-rhPRG4 was measured relative to a non-injected aliquot and normalized to the weight of cartilage samples, menisci and synovium, and known cartilage volumes from each compartment surface obtained from representative Yucatan minipig knees. Decay of 131 I-rhPRG4 from joint tissues best fit a two-compartment model with an α half-life (t1/2α ) of 11.28 h and β half-life (t1/2β ) of 4.81 days. The tibial and femoral cartilage, meniscii, and synovium retained 7.7% of dose at 24 h. High concentrations of rhPRG4 were found in synovial fluid (SF) that was non-aspiratable and resided on the articular surfaces, removable by irrigation, at 10 min following 131 I-rhPRG4 injection. Synovial fluid K21 exceeded K12 and SF t1/2β was 28 days indicating SF is the reservoir for rhPRG4 following IA injection. Clinical Significance: rhPRG4 following IA delivery in a traumatized joint populates articular surfaces for a considerable period and may promote the native expression of PRG4. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:386-396, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hurtig
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iman Zaghoul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut,,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,,Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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26
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Castrogiovanni P, Di Rosa M, Ravalli S, Castorina A, Guglielmino C, Imbesi R, Vecchio M, Drago F, Szychlinska MA, Musumeci G. Moderate Physical Activity as a Prevention Method for Knee Osteoarthritis and the Role of Synoviocytes as Biological Key. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030511. [PMID: 30691048 PMCID: PMC6387266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate physical activity (MPA) on the expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-related (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-13) and anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective (IL-4, IL-10, lubricin) biomarkers in the synovium of an OA-induced rat model. A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: Control rats (Group 1); rats performing MPA (Group 2); anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-rats with OA (Group 3); and, ACLT-rats performing MPA (Group 4). Analyses were performed using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. In Group 3, OA biomarkers were significantly increased, whereas, IL-4, IL-10, and lubricin were significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. We hypothesize that MPA might partake in rescuing type B synoviocyte dysfunction at the early stages of OA, delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Claudia Guglielmino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 67, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 67, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
- School of the Sport of the Italian National Olympic Committee "CONI" Sicily, Via Emanuele Notarbartolo, 90141 Palermo, Italy.
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27
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Kobler JB, Tynan MA, Zeitels SM, Liss AS, Gianatasio MT, Morin AA, Schmidt TA. Lubricin/proteoglycan 4 detected in vocal folds of humans and five other mammals. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:E229-E237. [PMID: 30613972 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Lubricin/proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) lubricates connective tissues such as joints and tendon sheaths, enabling them to better withstand shearing and frictional forces during motion. We wondered whether PRG4 might play a role in phonation, as normal vocal folds withstand repetitive, high-velocity deformations remarkably well. As a first step, we tested whether PRG4 is expressed in vocal folds. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory study. METHODS Anatomical and molecular methods were applied to 47 larynges from humans, macaque (Macaca fascicularis), canines, pigs, calves, and rats. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) methods were used to test for the presence of PRG4. RESULTS In all species, the true vocal fold lamina propria (TVF-LP) was positive for PRG4 by IHC, whereas immunoreactivity of the false vocal fold was weak or absent, depending on the species. Human TVF-LP was strongly stained across all layers. Immunoreactivity was seen variably on the vocal fold surface and within the vocal fold epithelium, in the conus elasticus and thyroglottic ligament, and at the tip of vocal process. Western blots of four humans and six pigs demonstrated immunoreactivity at appropriate molecular weight. qRT-PCR of pig tissues confirmed PRG4 mRNA expression, which was highest in the TVF-LP. CONCLUSIONS PRG4 was found in phonatory tissues of six mammals. We suggest it might act as a lubricant within the lamina propria and possibly on the vocal fold surface, limiting phonation-related damage to vocal fold extracellular matrix and epithelium, and enhancing vocal efficiency by reducing internal friction (viscosity) within the vocal fold. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:E229-E237, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Kobler
- Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Monica A Tynan
- Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Steven M Zeitels
- Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Center for Laryngeal Surgery and Voice Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Maria T Gianatasio
- Cancer Center Histopathology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Alyssa A Morin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, U.S.A
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28
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Stone A, Grol MW, Ruan MZC, Dawson B, Chen Y, Jiang MM, Song IW, Jayaram P, Cela R, Gannon F, Lee BHL. Combinatorial Prg4 and Il-1ra Gene Therapy Protects Against Hyperalgesia and Cartilage Degeneration in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:225-235. [PMID: 30070147 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of synovial joints characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, subchondral bone remodeling, and intra-articular inflammation with synovitis that results in chronic pain and motor impairment. Despite the economic and health impacts, current medical therapies are targeted at symptomatic relief of OA and fail to alter its progression. Given the complexity of OA pathogenesis, we hypothesized that a combinatorial gene therapy approach, designed to inhibit inflammation with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) while promoting chondroprotection using lubricin (PRG4), would improve preservation of the joint compared to monotherapy alone. Employing two surgical techniques to model mild, moderate and severe posttraumatic OA, we found that combined delivery of helper-dependent adenoviruses (HDVs), expressing IL-1Ra and PRG4, preserved articular cartilage better than either monotherapy in both models as demonstrated by preservation of articular cartilage volume and surface area. This improved protection was associated with increased expression of proanabolic and cartilage matrix genes together with decreased expression of catabolic genes and inflammatory mediators. In addition to improvements in joint tissues, this combinatorial gene therapy prolonged protection against thermal hyperalgesia compared to either monotherapy. Taken together, our results show that a combinatorial strategy is superior to monotherapeutic approaches for treatment of posttraumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianne Stone
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,2 Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew W Grol
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Merry Z C Ruan
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian Dawson
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yuqing Chen
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - I-Wen Song
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Prathap Jayaram
- 3 H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Racel Cela
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Francis Gannon
- 5 Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brendan H L Lee
- 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Galicia K, Thorson C, Banos A, Rondina M, Hopkinson W, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Inflammatory Biomarker Profiling in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Its Relevance to Circulating Levels of Lubricin, a Novel Proteoglycan. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:950-959. [PMID: 29683034 PMCID: PMC6714720 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618765090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lubricin, also known as proteoglycan 4, acts as an antiadhesive and boundary lubricant to prevent cartilage damage in healthy joints. Following injury, a decrease in synovial fluid (SF) lubricin may lead to secondary osteoarthritis (OA). Inflammatory biomarkers, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, are also implicated in the pathophysiology of OA. Interestingly, they have been shown to suppress the expression and secretion of lubricin in SF. This study aims to compare circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and lubricin between total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients and healthy individuals. Doing so may better elucidate their roles in OA and extend the understanding of inflammation as a regulator of lubricin. Deidentified plasma samples were obtained 1 day preoperatively and 1 day postoperatively from patients undergoing TJA. Utilizing biochip array technology, they were profiled for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, EGF, and TNF-α. Circulating lubricin levels were also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared to healthy controls, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, IL-1β, MCP-1, EGF, and TNF-α were significantly increased pre- and postoperatively. Lubricin was significantly decreased. This may indicate that elevations in inflammatory cytokines initiate a cascade of events, leading to decreased lubricin, which places the joint at increased risk of developing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Galicia
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Chase Thorson
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Banos
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Rondina
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William Hopkinson
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Jawed Fareed
- 4 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Yilmaz S, Uludağ Alkaya D, Kasapçopur Ö, Barut K, Akdemir ES, Celen C, Youngblood MW, Yasuno K, Bilguvar K, Günel M, Tüysüz B. Genotype-phenotype investigation of 35 patients from 11 unrelated families with camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:230-248. [PMID: 29397575 PMCID: PMC5902402 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The camptodactyly–arthropathy–coxa vara–pericarditis syndrome (CACP) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by camptodactyly, noninflammatory arthropathy, coxa vara, and pericarditis. CACP is caused by mutations in the proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) gene, which encodes a lubricating glycoprotein present in the synovial fluid and at the surface of articular cartilage. Methods In the present study, we compared the clinical and molecular findings of CACP syndrome in 35 patients from 11 unrelated families. In 28 patients, whole exome sequencing was used to investigate genomic variations. Results We found that camptodactyly of hands was the first symptom presented by most patients. Swelling of wrists, knees, and elbows began before 4 years of age, while the age of joint involvement was variable. Patients reported an increased pain level after the age of 10, and severe hip involvement developed after 20 years old. All patients presented developmental coxa vara and seven patients (~22%) had pleural effusion, pericarditis, and/or ascites. We identified nine novel genomic alterations, including the first case of homozygous complete deletion of exon 1 in the PRG4 gene. Conclusion With this study, we contribute to the catalog of CACP causing variants. We confirm that the skeletal component of this disease worsens with age, and presents the potential mechanisms for interfamily variability, by discussing the influence of a modifier gene and escape from nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. We believe that this report will increase awareness of this familial arthropathic condition and the characteristic clinical and radiological findings will facilitate the differentiation from the common childhood rheumatic diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Yilmaz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kasapçopur
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kenan Barut
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekin S Akdemir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cemre Celen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Youngblood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katsuhito Yasuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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31
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Wanderling C, Liles J, Davis E, Schmitt D, Statz S, Guler N, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Hopkinson W. Levels of Matrix-Degrading Enzymes and Lubricin in Patients With Degenerative Joint Disease Requiring Arthroplasty. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:41-46. [PMID: 28877607 PMCID: PMC6709591 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617724231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) of the hip or knee (THA and TKA) is the primary surgical intervention for individuals with degenerative joint disease (DJD). Although it is commonly thought that shear force on the joint causes the degradation of articular cartilage, it is possible that there are other factors that contribute to the progression of DJD. It is plausible that specific enzymes that degrade the joint are upregulated, or conversely, there is downregulation of enzymes critical for joint lubrication. The aim of this study is to profile collagenase-1, elastase, heparanase, and lubricin levels in patients undergoing TJA in order to determine potential preexisting dysregulation that contributes to the pathogenesis of DJD. Deidentified blood samples were obtained from patients undergoing TJA 1 day pre- and 1 day postoperatively. Plasma samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for elastase, collagenase-1, heparanase, and lubricin. In comparison to healthy controls, there were significant increases in circulating collagenase-1, elastase, and lubricin levels in both the preoperative and postoperative samples. There were no significant differences in heparanase levels in the preoperative or postoperative samples. Comparing the preoperative versus postoperative patient samples, only lubricin demonstrated a significant change. The results of this study confirm that patients undergoing TJA have preexisting alterations in the levels of matrix-degrading enzymes and lubricin. The alterations observed in this study may provide insight into the pathogenesis of DJD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Liles
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Elissa Davis
- Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Stephen Statz
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Nil Guler
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
| | - William Hopkinson
- Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL,
USA
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Abstract
The major synovial joints such as hips and knees are uniquely efficient tribological systems, able to articulate over a wide range of shear rates with a friction coefficient between the sliding cartilage surfaces as low as 0.001 up to pressures of more than 100 atm. No human-made material can match this. The means by which such surfaces maintain their very low friction has been intensively studied for decades and has been attributed to fluid-film and boundary lubrication. Here, we focus especially on the latter: the reduction of friction by molecular layers at the sliding cartilage surfaces. In particular, we discuss such lubrication in the light of very recent advances in our understanding of boundary effects in aqueous media based on the paradigms of hydration lubrication and of the synergism between different molecular components of the synovial joints (namely hyaluronan, lubricin, and phospholipids) in enabling this lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jahn
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Jasmine Seror
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Jacob Klein
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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Waller KA, Zhang LX, Jay GD. Friction-Induced Mitochondrial Dysregulation Contributes to Joint Deterioration in Prg4 Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1252. [PMID: 28604608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of PRG4 (lubricin), the boundary lubricant in mammalian joints, contributes to increased joint friction accompanied by superficial and upper intermediate zone chondrocyte caspase-3 activation, as shown in lubricin-null (Prg4-/-) mice. Caspase-3 activity appears to be reversible upon the restitution of Prg4 either endogenously in vivo, in a gene trap mouse, or as an applied lubricant in vitro. In this study we show that intra-articular injection of human PRG4 in vivo in Prg4-/- mice prevented caspase-3 activation in superficial zone chondrocytes and was associated with a modest decrease in whole joint friction measured ex vivo using a joint pendulum method. Non-lubricated Prg4-/- mouse cartilage shows caspase cascade activation caused by mitochondrial dysregulation, and significantly higher levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO- and -OH) and superoxide (O-₂) compared to Prg4+/+ and Prg4+/- cartilage. Enzymatic activity levels of caspase 8 across Prg4 mutant mice were not significantly different, indicating no extrinsic apoptosis pathway activation. Western blots showed caspase-3 and 9 activation in Prg4-/- tissue extracts, and the appearance of nitrosylated Cys163 in the active cleft of caspase-3 which inhibits its enzymatic activity. These findings are relevant to patients at risk for arthrosis, from camptodactyl-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome and transient lubricin insufficiency due to trauma and inflammation.
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Waller KA, Chin KE, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Teeple E, McAllister S, Badger GJ, Schmidt TA, Fleming BC. Intra-articular Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Mitigates Cartilage Damage After Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus in the Yucatan Minipig. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:1512-1521. [PMID: 28129516 PMCID: PMC5453820 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516686965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lubricin, or proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), is a glycoprotein responsible for joint boundary lubrication. PRG4 has been shown previously to be down-regulated after traumatic joint injury such as a meniscal tear. Preliminary evidence suggests that intra-articular injection of PRG4 after injury will reduce cartilage damage in rat models of surgically induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of intra-articular injection of full-length recombinant human lubricin (rhPRG4) for reducing cartilage damage after medial meniscal destabilization (DMM) in a preclinical large animal model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Unilateral DMM was performed in 29 Yucatan minipigs. One week after DMM, animals received 3 weekly intra-articular injections (3 mL per injection): (1) rhPRG4 (1.3 mg/mL; n = 10); (2) rhPRG4+hyaluronan (1.3 mg/mL rhPRG4 and 3 mg/mL hyaluronan [~950 kDA]; n = 10); and (3) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; n = 9). Hindlimbs were harvested 26 weeks after surgery. Cartilage integrity was evaluated by use of macroscopic (India ink) and microscopic (safranin O-fast green and hematoxylin and eosin) scoring systems. Secondary outcomes evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) included PRG4 levels in synovial fluid, carboxy-terminal telepeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) concentrations in urine and serum, and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels in synovial fluid and serum. RESULTS The rhPRG4 group had significantly less macroscopic cartilage damage in the medial tibial plateau compared with the PBS group ( P = .002). No difference was found between the rhPRG4+hyaluronan and PBS groups ( P = .23). However, no differences in microscopic damage scores were observed between the 3 groups ( P = .70). PRG4 production was elevated in the rhPRG4 group synovial fluid compared with the PBS group ( P = .033). The rhPRG4 group presented significantly lower urinary CTX-II levels, but not serum levels, when compared with the PBS ( P = .013) and rhPRG4+hyaluronan ( P = .011) groups. In serum and synovial fluid, both rhPRG4 ( P = .006; P = .017) and rhPRG4+hyaluronan groups ( P = .009; P = .03) presented decreased IL-1β levels. CONCLUSION All groups exhibited significant cartilage degeneration after DMM surgery. However, animals treated with rhPRG4 had the least amount of cartilage damage and less inflammation, providing evidence that intra-articular injections of rhPRG4 may slow the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients with meniscal trauma are at high risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This study demonstrates that an intra-articular injection regimen of rhPRG4 may attenuate cartilage damage after meniscal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Waller
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Kaitlyn E. Chin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ling X. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Erin Teeple
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott McAllister
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI
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35
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Larson KM, Zhang L, Elsaid KA, Schmidt TA, Fleming BC, Badger GJ, Jay GD. Reduction of friction by recombinant human proteoglycan 4 in IL-1α stimulated bovine cartilage explants. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:580-589. [PMID: 27411036 PMCID: PMC5957283 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A boundary lubricant attaches and protects sliding bearing surfaces by preventing interlocking asperity-asperity contact. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is a boundary lubricant found in the synovial fluid that provides chondroprotection to articular surfaces. Inflammation of the diarthrodial joint modulates local PRG4 concentration. Thus, we measured the effects of inflammation, with Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) incubation, upon boundary lubrication and PRG4 expression in bovine cartilage explants. We further aimed to determine whether the addition of exogenous human recombinant PRG4 (rhPRG4) could mitigate the effects of inflammation on boundary lubrication and PRG4 expression in vitro. Cartilage explants, following a 7 day incubation with IL-1α, were tested in a disc-on-disc configuration using either rhPRG4 or saline (PBS control) as a lubricant. Following mechanical testing, explants were studied immunohistochemically or underwent RNA extraction for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that static coefficient of friction (COF) significantly decreased to 0.14 ± 0.065 from 0.21 ± 0.059 (p = 0.014) in IL-1α stimulated explants lubricated with rhPRG4, as compared to PBS. PRG4 expression was significantly up regulated from 30.8 ± 19 copies in control explants lubricated with PBS to 3330 ± 1760 copies in control explants lubricated with rhPRG4 (p < 0.001). Explants stimulated with IL-1α displayed no increase in PRG4 expression upon lubrication with rhPRG4, but with PBS as the lubricant, IL-1α stimulation significantly increased PRG4 expression compared to the control condition from 30.8 ± 19 copies to 401 ± 340 copies (p = 0.015). Overall, these data suggest that exogenous rhPRG4 may provide a therapeutic option for reducing friction in transient inflammatory conditions and increasing PRG4 expression. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:580-589, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Larson
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the anti-adhesive mechanisms of PXL01 in sodium hyaluronate (HA) by using the rabbit lactoferrin peptide, rabPXL01 in HA, in a rabbit model of healing tendons and tendon sheaths. The mechanism of action for PXL01 in HA is interesting since a recent clinical study of the human lactoferrin peptide PXL01 in HA administered around repaired tendons in the hand showed improved digit mobility. MATERIALS AND METHODS On days 1, 3, and 6 after tendon injury and surgical repair, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess mRNA expression levels for genes encoding the mucinous glycoprotein PRG4 (also called lubricin) and a subset of matrix proteins, cytokines, and growth factors involved in flexor tendon repair. RabPXL01 in HA was administered locally around the repaired tendons, and mRNA expression was compared with untreated repaired tendons and tendon sheaths. RESULTS We observed, at all time points, increased expression of PRG4 mRNA in tendons treated with rabPXL01 in HA, but not in tendon sheaths. In addition, treatment with rabPXL01 in HA led to repression of the mRNA levels for the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in tendon sheaths. CONCLUSIONS RabPXL01 in HA increased lubricin mRNA production while diminishing mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators, which in turn reduced the gliding resistance and inhibited the adhesion formation after flexor tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Edsfeldt
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Hand Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Holm
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Hand Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carol Reno
- Department of Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - David A. Hart
- Department of Surgery, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Monica Wiig
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Hand Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- CONTACT Monica Wiig, MD, PhD , Department of Surgical Sciences, Hand Surgery, Uppsala University, PO Box 256, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
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Samaroo KJ, Tan M, Putnam D, Bonassar LJ. Binding and lubrication of biomimetic boundary lubricants on articular cartilage. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:548-557. [PMID: 27419808 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The glycoprotein, lubricin, is the primary boundary lubricant of articular cartilage and has been shown to prevent cartilage damage after joint injury. In this study, a library of eight bottle-brush copolymers were synthesized to mimic the structure and function of lubricin. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted onto a polyacrylic acid (pAA) core mimicked the hydrophilic mucin-like domain of lubricin, and a thiol terminus anchored the polymers to cartilage surfaces much like lubricin's C-terminus. These copolymers, abbreviated as pAA-g-PEG, rapidly bound to cartilage surfaces with binding time constants ranging from 20 to 39 min, and affected lubrication under boundary mode conditions with coefficients of friction ranging from 0.140 ± 0.024 to 0.248 ± 0.030. Binding and lubrication were highly correlated (r2 = 0.89-0.99), showing that boundary lubrication in this case strongly depends on the binding of the lubricant to the surface. Along with time-dependent and dose-dependent behavior, lubrication and binding of the lubricin-mimetics also depended on copolymer structural parameters including pAA backbone length, PEG side chain length, and PEG:AA brush density. Polymers with larger backbone sizes, brush sizes, or brush densities took longer to bind (p < 0.05). Six of the eight polymers reduced friction relative to denuded cartilage plugs (p < 0.05), suggesting their potential to lubricate and protect cartilage in vivo. In copolymers with shorter pAA backbones, increasing hydrodynamic size inhibited lubrication (p < 0.08), while the opposite was observed in copolymers with longer backbones (p < 0.05). These polymers show similar in vitro lubricating efficacy as recombinant lubricins and as such have potential for in vivo treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:548-557, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk J Samaroo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Mingchee Tan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 149 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - David Putnam
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 149 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 149 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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Yoshida R, Alaee F, Dyrna F, Kronenberg MS, Maye P, Kalajzic I, Rowe DW, Mazzocca AD, Dyment NA. Murine supraspinatus tendon injury model to identify the cellular origins of rotator cuff healing. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:507-515. [PMID: 27184388 PMCID: PMC5149426 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1189910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose of this study: To elucidate the origin of cell populations that contribute to rotator cuff healing, we developed a mouse surgical model where a full-thickness, central detachment is created in the supraspinatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different inducible Cre transgenic mice with Ai9-tdTomato reporter expression (PRG4-9, αSMA-9, and AGC-9) were used to label different cell populations in the shoulder. The defect was created surgically in the supraspinatus. The mice were injected with tamoxifen at surgery to label the cells and sacrificed at 1, 2, and 5 weeks postoperatively. Frozen sections were fluorescently imaged then stained with Toluidine Blue and re-imaged. RESULTS Three notable changes were apparent postoperatively. (1) A long thin layer of tissue formed on the bursal side overlying the supraspinatus tendon. (2) The tendon proximal to the defect initially became hypercellular and disorganized. (3) The distal stump at the insertion underwent minimal remodeling. In the uninjured shoulder, tdTomato expression was seen in the tendon midsubstance and paratenon cell on the bursal side in PRG4-9, in paratenon, blood vessels, and periosteum of acromion in SMA-9, and in articular cartilage, unmineralized fibrocartilage of supraspinatus enthesis, and acromioclavicular joint in AGC-9 mice. In the injured PRG4-9 and SMA-9 mice, the healing tissues contained an abundant number of tdTomato+ cells, while minimal contribution of tdTomato+ cells was seen in AGC-9 mice. CONCLUSIONS The study supports the importance of the bursal side of the tendon to rotator cuff healing and PRG4 and αSMA may be markers for these progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryu Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Farhang Alaee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Felix Dyrna
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Mark S. Kronenberg
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Peter Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Ivo Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - David W Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Augustus D. Mazzocca
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
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Miyatake K, Iwasa K, McNary SM, Peng G, Reddi AH. Modulation of Superficial Zone Protein/ Lubricin/PRG4 by Kartogenin and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Surface Zone Chondrocytes in Bovine Articular Cartilage. Cartilage 2016; 7:388-97. [PMID: 27688846 PMCID: PMC5029568 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516630789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Superficial zone protein (SZP)/lubricin/PRG4 functions as a boundary lubricant in articular cartilage to decrease friction and wear. As articular cartilage lubrication is critical for normal joint function, the accumulation of SZP at the surface of cartilage is important for joint homeostasis. Recently, a heterocyclic compound called kartogenin (KGN) was found to induce chondrogenic differentiation and enhance mRNA expression of lubricin. The objective of this study was to determine whether KGN can stimulate synthesis of SZP in superficial zone, articular chondrocytes. DESIGN We investigated the effects of KGN and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) on articular cartilage and synovium of the bovine knee joint by evaluating SZP secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis. Monolayer, micromass, and explant cultures of articular cartilage, and monolayer culture of synoviocytes, were treated with KGN. SZP accumulation in the medium was evaluated and mRNA expression was measured through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS TGF-β1 stimulated SZP secretion by superficial zone chondrocytes in monolayer, explant, and micromass cultures as expected. In addition, SZP secretion was inhibited by IL-1β in explant cultures, and enhanced by TGF-β1 in synoviocyte monolayer cultures. Although KGN elicited a 1.2-fold increase in SZP mRNA expression in combination with TGF-β1, KGN neither stimulated any significant increases in SZP synthesis nor prevented catabolic decreases in SZP production from IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the chondrogenic effects of KGN depend on cellular phenotype and differentiation status, as KGN did not alter SZP synthesis in differentiated, superficial zone articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Miyatake
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kenjiro Iwasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sean M. McNary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gordon Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A. Hari Reddi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA,A. Hari Reddi, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Research Building I, Room 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Abstract
Lubricin is a secreted, mucin-like glycoprotein and proteoglycan abundant in synovial fluid that provides boundary lubrication and prevents cell adhesion in synovial joints. The antilubricin S6.79 monoclonal antibody recognizes an O-linked glycopeptide epitope in lubricin's mucin domain. The central, long mucin domain of lubricin is extensively O-glycosylated with Gal(β1-3)GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr, and about two thirds of the O-glycosylated sites are capped with sialic acid. Our aim was to determine whether removal of sialic acid by sialidase could improve the detection of lubricin in a number of human tissues using the S6.79 monoclonal antibody. Sialidase treatment caused a dramatic increase in antibody reactivity in human pericardium, splenic capsule and trabeculae, plasma, serum, eye sleep extract, and liver sinusoids. Sialidase had minimal effect on S6.79 antibody reactivity with lubricin in synovial fluid and synovial tissue. These observations suggest that the origin of lubricin in blood may be different from that in synovial fluid and that desialylation of lubricin is essential for unmasking epitopes within the mucin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Solka
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (KAS, TMS)
| | - Ira J Miller
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (IJM)
| | - Thomas M Schmid
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois (KAS, TMS)
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Abstract
A generalized thermomechanical model for adhesion was developed to elucidate the mechanisms of dissipation within the viscoelastic bulk of a hyperelastic hydrogel. Results show that in addition to the expected energy release rate of interface formation, as well as the viscous flow dissipation, the bulk composition exhibits dissipation due to phase inhomogeneity morphological changes. The mixing thermodynamics of the matrix and solvent determines the dynamics of the phase inhomogeneities, which can enhance or disrupt adhesion. The model also accounts for the time-dependent behaviour. A parameter is proposed to discern the dominant dissipation mechanism in hydrogel contact detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Torres
- Devices, Sensors and Materials R&D Branch, Sensors and SONAR Systems Department, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, USA; School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - G D Jay
- School of Engineering , Brown University , Providence, RI, USA
| | - K-S Kim
- School of Engineering , Brown University , Providence, RI, USA
| | - G D Bothun
- College of Engineering , University of Rhode Island , Kingston, RI, USA
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Zhao C, Ozasa Y, Shimura H, Reisdorf RL, Thoreson AR, Jay G, Moran SL, An KN, Amadio PC. Effects of lubricant and autologous bone marrow stromal cell augmentation on immobilized flexor tendon repairs. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:154-60. [PMID: 26177854 PMCID: PMC5166703 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to test a novel treatment that carbodiimide-derivatized-hyaluronic acid-lubricin (cd-HA-lubricin) combined cell-based therapy in an immobilized flexor tendon repair in a canine model. Seventy-eight flexor tendons from 39 dogs were transected. One tendon was treated with cd-HA-lubricin plus an interpositional graft of 8 × 10(5) BMSCs and GDF-5. The other tendon was repaired without treatment. After 21 day of immobilization, 19 dogs were sacrificed; the remaining 20 dogs underwent a 21-day rehabilitation protocol before euthanasia. The work of flexion, tendon gliding resistance, and adhesion score in treated tendons were significantly less than the untreated tendons (p < 0.05). The failure strength of the untreated tendons was higher than the treated tendons at 21 and 42 days (p < 0.05). However, there is no significant difference in stiffness between two groups at day 42. Histologic analysis of treated tendons showed a smooth surface and viable transplanted cells 42 days after the repair, whereas untreated tendons showed severe adhesion formation around the repair site. The combination of lubricant and cell treatment resulted in significantly improved digit function, reduced adhesion formation. This novel treatment can address the unmet needs of patients who are unable to commence an early mobilization protocol after flexor tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Zhao
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yasuhiro Ozasa
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Haruhiko Shimura
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ramona L. Reisdorf
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew R. Thoreson
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gregory Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Steven L. Moran
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kai-Nan An
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peter C. Amadio
- Division of Orthopedic Research Mayo Clinic, Biomechanics Laboratory and the Tendon & Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
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Abstract
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can improve pain, stiffness and physical function in osteoarthritis (OA) patients and have been proposed for the treatment of OA. However, the precise mechanisms involved in this process are still not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of exposure for different durations with 75 Hz, 2.3 mT sinusoidal EMFs (SEMFs) on the metabolism of lubricin of rat chondrocytes cultured in vitro. Our results showed that SEMFs exposure promoted lubricin synthesis in a time-dependent manner, and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was also enhanced after SEMFs treatment. The up-regulation effect of the expression of lubricin under SEMF was partly reduced by SB431542, an inhibitor of TGF-RI kinase. The Smad pathway was also investigated in our study. Smad2 synthesis was higher in EMF-exposed condition than in controls, whereas no effects were observed on inhibitory Smads (Smad6 and Smad7) production. Altogether, these data suggest that SEMF exposure can promote lubricin synthesis of rat chondrocytes in a time-dependent manner and that the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway plays a partial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Orthopedics, WuHan Orthopedics Hospital/Puai Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenkai Li
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Mingyu Song
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Sheng Wei
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Yong Yang
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Hua Wu
- a Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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Bechtold TE, Saunders C, Mundy C, Um H, Decker RS, Salhab I, Kurio N, Billings PC, Pacifici M, Nah HD, Koyama E. Excess BMP Signaling in Heterotopic Cartilage Forming in Prg4-null TMJ Discs. J Dent Res 2015; 95:292-301. [PMID: 26534931 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515613508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic cartilage develops in certain pathologic conditions, including those affecting the human temporomandibular joint (TMJ), but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. This is in part due to the fact that a reliable animal model of such TMJ diseases is not available. Here, we show that aberrant chondrocyte differentiation and ectopic cartilage formation occur spontaneously in proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) mutant TMJ discs without further invasive procedure. By 2 mo of age, mutant disc cells displayed chondrocyte transdifferentiation, accompanied by strong expression of cartilage master gene Sox9 and matrix genes aggrecan and type II collagen. By 6 mo, heterotopic cartilage had formed in the discs and expressed cartilage hypertrophic markers Runx2 and ColX. The ectopic tissue grew in size over time and exhibited regional mineralization by 12 mo. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling was activated with the ectopic chondrogenic cells and chondrocytes, as indicated by phosphorylated Smad 1/5/8 nuclear staining and by elevated expression of Bmp2, Bmpr1b, Bmpr2, and BMP signaling target genes. Likewise, we found that upon treatment with recombinant human BMP 2 in high-density micromass culture, mutant disc cells differentiated into chondrocytes and synthesized cartilage matrix more robustly than control cells. Importantly, a specific kinase inhibitor of BMP receptors drastically attenuated chondrogenesis in recombinant human BMP 2-treated mutant disc cultures. Unexpectedly, we found that Prg4 was expressed at joint-associated sites, including disc/muscle insertion and muscle/bone interface, and all these structures were abnormal in Prg4 mutants. Our data indicate that Prg4 is needed for TMJ disc integrity and function and that its absence leads to ectopic chondrogenesis and cartilage formation in conjunction with abnormal BMP signaling. Our findings imply that the BMP signaling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for prevention or inhibition of ectopic cartilage formation in TMJ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Bechtold
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Orthodontics and Orofacial Orthopaedics, Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Saunders
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Mundy
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Um
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R S Decker
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - I Salhab
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Kurio
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P C Billings
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Pacifici
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H D Nah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Koyama
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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45
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Schätti OR, Marková M, Torzilli PA, Gallo LM. Mechanical Loading of Cartilage Explants with Compression and Sliding Motion Modulates Gene Expression of Lubricin and Catabolic Enzymes. Cartilage 2015; 6:185-93. [PMID: 26175864 PMCID: PMC4481391 DOI: 10.1177/1947603515581680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Translation of the contact zone in articulating joints is an important component of joint kinematics, yet rarely investigated in a biological context. This study was designed to investigate how sliding contact areas affect cartilage mechanobiology. We hypothesized that higher sliding speeds would lead to increased extracellular matrix mechanical stress and the expression of catabolic genes. DESIGN A cylindrical Teflon indenter was used to apply 50 or 100 N normal forces at 10, 40, or 70 mm/s sliding speed. Mechanical parameters were correlated with gene expressions using a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS In both loading groups there was no significant effect of sliding speed on any of the mechanical parameters (strain, stress, modulus, tangential force). However, an increase in vertical force (from 50 to 100 N) led to a significant increase in extracellular matrix strain and stress. For 100 N, significant correlations between gene expression and mechanical parameters were found for TIMP-3 (r(2) = 0.89), ADAMTS-5 (r(2) = 0.73), and lubricin (r(2) = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS The sliding speeds applied do not have an effect on the mechanical response of the cartilage, this could be explained by a partial attainment of the "elastic limit" at and above a sliding speed of 10 mm/s. Nevertheless, we still found a relationship between sliding speed and gene expression when the tissue was loaded with 100 N normal force. Thus despite the absence of speed-dependent mechanical changes (strain, stress, modulus, tangential force), the sliding speed had an influence on gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Schätti
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biomechanics of the Masticatory System, Center for Oral Medicine, Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michala Marková
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biomechanics of the Masticatory System, Center for Oral Medicine, Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland,Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter A. Torzilli
- Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi M. Gallo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biomechanics of the Masticatory System, Center for Oral Medicine, Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sakata R, McNary SM, Miyatake K, Lee CA, Van den Bogaerde JM, Marder RA, Reddi AH. Stimulation of the superficial zone protein and lubrication in the articular cartilage by human platelet-rich plasma. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:1467-73. [PMID: 25813869 PMCID: PMC4930492 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515575023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of autologous growth factors that originate from platelets. Intra-articular injections of PRP have the potential to ameliorate the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the knee. Superficial zone protein (SZP) is a boundary lubricant in articular cartilage and plays an important role in reducing friction and wear and therefore is critical in cartilage homeostasis. PURPOSE To determine if PRP influences the production of SZP from human joint-derived cells and to evaluate the lubricating properties of PRP on normal bovine articular cartilage. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Cells were isolated from articular cartilage, synovium, and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) from 12 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. The concentrations of SZP in PRP and culture media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular proliferation was quantified by determination of cell numbers. The lubrication properties of PRP from healthy volunteers on bovine articular cartilage were investigated using a pin-on-disk tribometer. RESULTS In general, PRP stimulated proliferation in cells derived from articular cartilage, synovium, and ACL. It also significantly enhanced SZP secretion from synovium- and cartilage-derived cells. An unexpected finding was the presence of SZP in PRP (2.89 ± 1.23 μg/mL before activation and 3.02 ± 1.32 μg/mL after activation). In addition, under boundary mode conditions consisting of high loads and low sliding speeds, nonactivated and thrombin-activated PRP decreased the friction coefficient (μ = 0.012 and μ = 0.015, respectively) compared with saline (μ = 0.047, P < .004) and high molecular weight hyaluronan (μ = 0.080, P < .006). The friction coefficient of the cartilage with PRP was on par with that of synovial fluid. CONCLUSION PRP significantly stimulates cell proliferation and SZP secretion by articular cartilage and synovium of the human knee joint. Furthermore, PRP contains endogenous SZP and, in a functional bioassay, lubricates bovine articular cartilage explants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings provide evidence to explain the biochemical and biomechanical mechanisms underlying the efficacy of PRP treatment for osteoarthritis or damage in the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakata
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Sean M. McNary
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kazumasa Miyatake
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Cassandra A. Lee
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - James M. Van den Bogaerde
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Richard A. Marder
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - A. Hari Reddi
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Sun YL, Wei Z, Zhao C, Jay GD, Schmid TM, Amadio PC, An KN. Lubricin in human achilles tendon: The evidence of intratendinous sliding motion and shear force in achilles tendon. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:932-7. [PMID: 25864860 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendon is one of the most commonly injured tendons. Mechanical force is regarded as a major causative factor. However, the biomechanics of Achilles tendon and mechanical mechanism of the injuries are unclear. Lubricin expresses at regions exposed to sliding motion and shear force in a number of tissues. This study investigated the distribution and concentration of lubricin in human Achilles tendons for better understanding the biomechanics of Achilles tendon. Achilles tendons were harvested from nine cadavers. Lubricin was extracted from various locations proximal to the calcaneal insertion and quantified with ELISA. The distribution of lubricin was investigated with immunohistochemistry. Lubricin was mainly identified at the interfaces of tendon fascicles, especially in the mid-portion of the tendon. The concentration of lubricin in Achilles tendons varied by individual and the distance from its calcaneal insertion. The distal portion of the tendon had a higher concentration of lubricin than the proximal regions of the tendon. This study suggests the presence of intratendinous sliding motion of fascicles and shear force at interfaces of fascicles in human Achilles tendon. Shear force could be an important mechanical factor for the development of Achilles tendinopathy and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Sun
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong, China
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Musumeci G, Castrogiovanni P, Trovato FM, Imbesi R, Giunta S, Szychlinska MA, Loreto C, Castorina S, Mobasheri A. Physical activity ameliorates cartilage degeneration in a rat model of aging: a study on lubricin expression. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e222-30. [PMID: 25039883 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by slow progression and joint tissue degeneration. Aging is one of the most prominent risk factors for the development and progression of OA. OA is not, however, an inevitable consequence of aging and age-related changes in the joint can be distinguished from those that are the result of joint injury or inflammatory disease. The question that remains is whether OA can be prevented by undertaking regular physical activity. Would moderate physical activity in the elderly cartilage (and lubricin expression) comparable to a sedentary healthy adult? In this study we used physical exercise in healthy young, adult, and aged rats to evaluate the expression of lubricin as a novel biomarker of chondrocyte senescence. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of lubricin in articular cartilage, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify lubricin in synovial fluid. Morphological evaluation was done by histology to monitor possible tissue alterations. Our data suggest that moderate physical activity and normal mechanical joint loading in elderly rats improve tribology and lubricative properties of articular cartilage, promoting lubricin synthesis and its elevation in synovial fluid, thus preventing cartilage degradation compared with unexercised adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Musumeci
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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49
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Samsom ML, Morrison S, Masala N, Sullivan BD, Sullivan DA, Sheardown H, Schmidt TA. Characterization of full-length recombinant human Proteoglycan 4 as an ocular surface boundary lubricant. Exp Eye Res 2014; 127:14-9. [PMID: 24997456 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4, or lubricin) is a lubricating mucin-like glycoprotein recently discovered at the ocular surface, where it functions as a boundary lubricant and appears to play a protective role. Recent technological advances have enabled abundant expression of full-length recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4). The objectives of this study were to 1) biochemically characterize the gross structure and glycosylations of full-length rhPRG4, and 2) assess the ocular surface boundary lubricating ability of rhPRG4 at both human cornea-eyelid and human cornea-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) biointerfaces. rhPRG4 expressed by a Chinese hamster ovary cell line was characterized and compared to native bovine PRG4 by SDS-PAGE western blotting, and protein identity was assessed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Human corneas were articulated against PDMS or human eyelids, at effective sliding velocities of 0.3-30 mm/s under physiological loads of ∼15 kPa, to assess and compare the ocular lubricating ability of rhPRG4 to PRG4. Samples were tested serially in PRG4, rhPRG4 (both 300 μg/ml), then saline. Western blotting indicated that rhPRG4 had immunoreactivity at the appropriate apparent molecular weight, and possessed O-linked glycosylation consistent with that of PRG4. rhPRG4 protein identity was confirmed by MS/MS. Both PRG4 and rhPRG4 significantly, and similarly, reduced friction compared to saline at both human cornea - PDMS and human cornea-eyelid biointerfaces. In conclusion, the rhPRG4 studied here demonstrated appropriate higher order structure, O-linked glycosylations, and ocular surface boundary lubricating. Purified rhPRG4 may have clinical utility as a topical treatment of dry eye disease or contact lens biomaterial coating to promote more comfortable wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Samsom
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sheila Morrison
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nemanja Masala
- Schulich School of Engineering - Centre for Bioengineering Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - David A Sullivan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Schulich School of Engineering - Centre for Bioengineering Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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50
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Abstract
Excessive fibroblast adhesion and proliferation on the surface of medical implants (such as catheters, endotracheal tubes, intraocular lenses, etc) can lead to major postsurgical complications. This study showed that when coated on tissue culture polystyrene, lubricin, a nanostructured mucinous glycoprotein found in the synovial fluid of joints, decreased fibroblast density for up to 2 days of culture compared to controls treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). When examining why, similar antifibroblast density results were found when coating tissue culture polystyrene with bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), an even smaller protein closely related to the central subregion of lubricin. Additionally, results from this study demonstrated that in contrast to BSM or controls (PBS-coated and non-coated samples), lubricin was better at preserving the health of nonadherent or loosely adherent fibroblasts; fibroblasts that did not adhere or loosely adhered on the lubricin-coated tissue culture polystyrene adhered and proliferated well for up to an additional day when they were reseeded on uncoated tissue culture polystyrene. In summary, this study provides evidence for the promise of nanostructured lubricin (and to a lesser extent BSM) to inhibit fibroblast adhesion and growth when coated on medical devices; lubricin should be further explored for numerous medical device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ejiofor Aninwene
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zifan Yang
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Gregory D Jay
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA ; Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA ; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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