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Harrison TC, Blozis SA, Taylor J, Mukherjee N, Ortega LC, Blanco N, Garcia AA, Brown SA. Mixed-Methods Study of Disability Self-Management in Mexican Americans With Osteoarthritis. Nurs Res 2024; 73:203-215. [PMID: 38652692 PMCID: PMC11045046 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health disparities in osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes exist both in the occurrence and treatment of functional limitation and disability for Mexican Americans. Although the effect of self-management of chronic illness is well established, studies demonstrate little attention to self-management of function or disability, despite the strong potential effect on both and, consequently, on patients' lives. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study pilot was to develop and test key variable relationships for a measure of disability self-management among Mexican Americans. METHODS In this sequential, two-phased, mixed-methods, biobehavioral pilot study of Mexican American women and men with OA, a culturally tailored measure of disability self-management was created, and initial relationships among key variables were explored. RESULTS First, a qualitative study of 19 adults of Mexican American descent born in Texas (United States) or Mexico was conducted. The Mexican American Disability Self-Management Scale was created using a descriptive content analysis of interview data. The scale was tested and refined, resulting in 18 items and a descriptive frequency of therapeutic management efforts. Second, correlations between study variables were estimated: Disability and function were negatively correlated. Disability correlated positively with social support and activity effort. Disability correlated negatively with disability self-management, pain, and C-reactive protein. Function was positively correlated with age, pain, and depression. Liver enzymes (alanine transaminase) correlated positively with pain and anxiety. DISCUSSION This mixed-methods study indicates directions for further testing and interventions for disability outcomes among Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nandini Mukherjee
- College of Public Health the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | | | - Nancy Blanco
- School of Nursing Universidad de Guanajuato
- School of Nursing The University of Texas at Austin
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Brown SA, Winter MA, Becker HA, García AA, Velasquez MM, Tanaka H, Perkison WB, Brown EL, Aguilar D, Hanis CL. Transitioning From an In-Person Intervention to Augmented Text Messaging During COVID-19 in Mexican Americans With Prediabetes: The Starr County Diabetes Prevention Randomized Clinical Trial. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care 2024; 50:107-115. [PMID: 38454633 PMCID: PMC11062239 DOI: 10.1177/26350106241233475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to explore the feasibility of using commonly available technology, such as text messaging, for diabetes prevention in rural Mexican American communities during COVID-19. METHODS Participants were selected from a diabetes prevention study funded by the National Institutes of Health that, prior to COVID-19, involved in-person group intervention sessions. Participants were predominantly female adults born in Mexico and Spanish-speaking. A subsample (n = 140) was divided into 3 cohorts: (1) 50 who completed the initial in-person intervention prior to the COVID-19 research pause, (2) 60 who needed additional support sessions to complete the intervention and thus received 10 text messages with links to relevant online diabetes prevention videos (TM+), and (3) 30 who received enhanced usual care involving health guidance offered during data collection (control). Repeated measures analysis of covariance was used to evaluate cohort differences at 24 months post baseline. RESULTS No significant cohort differences were found for depression, eating self-efficacy, alcohol intake, fat avoidance, or sedentary behaviors. Differences in A1C showed both in-person and TM+ cohorts having lower mean A1C levels (5.5%) than the control cohort (5.7%). The TM+ cohort had lower body mass index than other cohorts and a lower diabetes conversion rate (22.2%) compared to the control cohort (28%). Participants indicated preferences for in-person/TM+ combination interventions. The strongest positive feedback was for the TM+ intervention cooking demonstration videos. CONCLUSIONS Augmented text messaging combined with in-person sessions had similar outcomes to the all in-person strategy and thus has the potential for expanding the reach of diabetes prevention to many Mexican American communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Brown
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas
| | - Mary A. Winter
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | - Mary M. Velasquez
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work, Austin, Texas
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- The University of Texas at Austin Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, Austin, Texas
| | - William B. Perkison
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric L. Brown
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - David Aguilar
- LSU Health New Orleans School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
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Afunugo WE, Li CY, Chou LN, Ward F, Snih SA. Pain, obesity, and physical function in Mexican American older adults during 20 years of follow-up. PM R 2023; 15:331-341. [PMID: 35322569 PMCID: PMC9500111 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain remains largely undertreated in older adults irrespective of health care setting. Mexican American adults in the United States have a high age-adjusted prevalence of obesity. However, the association of pain and obesity with physical function is understudied in this population. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of co-occurring pain and obesity with physical function over 20 years of follow-up in a cohort of older Mexican Americans who scored ≥7 (moderate to high) in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test and were nondisabled at baseline. DESIGN Longitudinal population-based study. SETTING Community-dwelling older adults from Southwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS Mexican American adults age 65 years and older. INTERVENTIONS Not Applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Physical function was assessed with the SPPB test (standing balance, timed 8-ft walk, and five repeated timed chair stands). Participants at baseline were divided into four groups: no pain-no obesity (n = 869), obesity only (n = 282), pain only (n = 216), and pain-obesity (n = 159). Generalized Estimating Equation models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of lower performance in physical function over 20 years as a function of pain-obesity grouping. RESULTS Participants with pain only (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.34-1.95) and with co-occurring pain and obesity (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.83-2.95) had significantly greater odds of physical function impairment over those with no pain-no obesity or obesity only, after controlling for all covariates. CONCLUSION Older Mexican American adults were at high risk for physical function impairment over time if they had pain or co-occurring pain and obesity. Early assessment and proper pain management as well as maintaining a healthy weight may reduce declines in physical function in older Mexican American adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma E. Afunugo
- School of Medicine. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Ying Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Lin-Na Chou
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Frank Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Soham Al Snih
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Rehabilitation Sciences. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Division of Geriatrics & Palliative Medicine/Department of Internal Medicine. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Center on Aging. The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Al Snih S, Chen NW, Chou LN, Markides KS, Ottenbacher KJ. Life Expectancy in Pre-Frail and Frail States with and without Disability: 18-Years of Follow-Up Data from the HEPESE Study Using the Markov Chain Method. J Frailty Aging 2023; 12:311-315. [PMID: 38008982 PMCID: PMC10682511 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2023.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
We estimated the total life expectancy (TLE), frailty-free life expectancy (FFLE), frail life expectancy (FLE), pre-frail life expectancy (PFLE), and FLE with and without disability among 2,000 Mexican Americans aged ≥67 years over an 18-year period. Frailty was defined as the presence of ≥2 criteria (weight loss, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, slowness). We used the Markov chain method to estimate the TLE, FFLE, FLE, PFLE, and FLE with and without disability by age and gender. TLE at age 67 was 17.49 years (women) and 15.54 years (men); FFLE was 6.50 years (women) and 6.45 years (men); PFLE was 6.48 years (women) and 5.42 years (men); FLE was 4.51 years (women) and 3.67 years (men); and FLE with disability was 2.13 years (women) and 1.13 years (men). In conclusion, Mexican American older women had fewer years of non-frail LE, more pre-frail or frail years, and more years with disability than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Al Snih
- Soham Al Snih, MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Population Health and Health Disparities. 301 University Blvd Rt. 0177. Phone: 409-266-9691. Fax: 409-772-8931.
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Briceño EM, Mehdipanah R, Gonzales XF, Heeringa SG, Levine DA, Langa KM, Zahs D, Garcia N, Longoria R, Vargas A, Morgenstern LB. Differential Relationships Between the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Informant-Rated Cognitive Decline Among Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2022; 35:555-564. [PMID: 34291678 PMCID: PMC8782915 DOI: 10.1177/08919887211029383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the concurrent validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with other cognitive screening instruments among Mexican Americans (MA) and non-Hispanic whites (NHW). METHODS In a community-based study in Nueces county, Texas (5/2/18-2/26/20), participants 65+ with MoCA ≤25 completed the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Regressions examined associations between MoCA and: 1) Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); 2) abbreviated Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSI-D); 3) Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). RESULTS MA (n = 229) and NHW (n = 81) differed by education but not age or sex. MoCA and cognitive performance associations (MMSE, CSI-D-Respondent) did not differ between MA and NHW (p's > .16). MoCA and informant rating associations (IQCODE, CSI-D-Informant) were stronger in NHW than MA (NHW R2 = 0.39 and 0.38, respectively; MA R2 = 0.30 and 0.28, respectively). DISCUSSION Our findings suggest non-equivalence across cognitive screening instruments among MAs and NHWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Briceño
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Roshanak Mehdipanah
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
| | | | | | - Deborah A. Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Kenneth M. Langa
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School,Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation
| | - Daniel Zahs
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Nelda Garcia
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Ruth Longoria
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School
| | - Alejandro Vargas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center
| | - Lewis B. Morgenstern
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School,Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
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Hall JR, Johnson LA, Peterson M, Julovich D, Como T, O'Bryant SE. Relationship of Neurofilament Light (NfL) and Cognitive Performance in a Sample of Mexican Americans with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:1214-1220. [PMID: 33605860 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210219105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study characterized the relationship between plasma NfL and cognition in a community-based sample of older Mexican Americans. METHODS 544 participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests and were diagnosed using clinical criteria. NfL was assayed using Simoa. NfL levels across groups and tests were analyzed. RESULTS Difference in NfL was found between normal and impaired groups and was related to global cognition, processing speed, executive functions and a list of learning tasks with a significant negative effect for all diagnostic groups. NfL had a negative impact on processing speed, attention, executive functions and delayed and recognition memory for both normal and MCI groups. CONCLUSION The research supports plasma NfL as a marker of cognitive impairment related to neurodegenerative processes in Mexican Americans and may be a marker of early changes in cognition in those with normal cognition and at risk for developing MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hall
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Leigh A Johnson
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Melissa Peterson
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - David Julovich
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Tori Como
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Sid E O'Bryant
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Residential time in the United States appears to be a risk factor for mental health problems among Latinos, according to studies of the immigrant paradox, or a pattern of findings documenting better health for immigrants relative to U.S.-born Latinos. The present study used an acculturative stress model to examine the immigrant paradox with a sample of Mexican-origin mothers. METHOD Mothers [N = 175; age = 33.52 (10.75)], who were foreign- or U.S.-born, were categorized as more acculturated or less acculturated based on cluster analyses using demographic and language proficiency variables. The association between acculturative status and depressive symptoms approximately 9 months later was tested with two models: with both cultural stressors (i.e., perceived discrimination, acculturative stress) and cultural assets (i.e., familismo, ethnic identity) as mediators, and with the effects of cultural stressors moderated by cultural assets. RESULTS Data provide some support for the validity of the mediation model. Less acculturated mothers reported (a) a stronger ethnic identity, which appears to have protected them from later depression, and (b) stronger familismo, which increased risk for later depression. In addition, discrimination was negatively related to later depression. CONCLUSIONS We found support for the mediating role of cultural assets in the link between acculturation and depression, but some associations were in unexpected directions. These findings highlight the complexities of preserving core cultural characteristics among Mexican-origin mothers living in the United States, and the need to consider the context in which cultural processes unfold. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Calzada
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Adam Sales
- College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
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Schofield TJ, Toro RI, Parke RD, Cookston JT, Fabricius WV, Coltrane S. Parenting and later substance use among Mexican-origin youth: Moderation by preference for a common language. Dev Psychol 2017; 53:778-786. [PMID: 28080082 PMCID: PMC5364051 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of the current study was to test whether parent and adolescent preference for a common language moderates the association between parenting and rank-order change over time in offspring substance use. A sample of Mexican-origin 7th-grade adolescents (Mage = 12.5 years, N = 194, 52% female) was measured longitudinally on use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents all reported on consistent discipline and monitoring of adolescents. Both consistent discipline and monitoring predicted relative decreases in substance use into early adulthood but only among parent-offspring dyads who expressed preference for the same language (either English or Spanish). This moderation held after controlling for parent substance use, family structure, having completed schooling in Mexico, years lived in the United States, family income, and cultural values. An unintended consequence of the immigration process may be the loss of parenting effectiveness that is normally present when parents and adolescents prefer to communicate in a common language. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Schofield
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Rosa I Toro
- Department of Psychology, Fresno State University
| | - Ross D Parke
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
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Kim SY, Hou Y, Shen Y, Zhang M. Longitudinal measurement equivalence of subjective language brokering experiences scale in Mexican American adolescents. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2017; 23:230-243. [PMID: 27362872 PMCID: PMC5201456 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Language brokering occurs frequently in immigrant families and can have significant implications for the well-being of family members involved. The present study aimed to develop and validate a measure that can be used to assess multiple dimensions of subjective language brokering experiences among Mexican American adolescents. METHOD Participants were 557 adolescent language brokers (54.2% female, Mage.wave1 = 12.96, SD = .94) in Mexican American families. RESULTS Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we were able to identify 7 reliable subscales of language brokering: linguistic benefits, socioemotional benefits, efficacy, positive parent-child relationships, parental dependence, negative feelings, and centrality. Tests of factorial invariance show that these subscales demonstrate, at minimum, partial strict invariance across time and across experiences of translating for mothers and fathers, and in most cases, also across adolescent gender, nativity, and translation frequency. Thus, in general, the means of the subscales and the relations among the subscales with other variables can be compared across these different occasions and groups. Tests of criterion-related validity demonstrated that these subscales correlated, concurrently and longitudinally, with parental warmth and hostility, parent-child alienation, adolescent family obligation, depressive symptoms, resilience, and life meaning. CONCLUSION This reliable and valid subjective language brokering experiences scale will be helpful for gaining a better understanding of adolescents' language brokering experiences with their mothers and fathers, and how such experiences may influence their development. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Yishan Shen
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University
| | - Minyu Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
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Nishimura KK, Iwanaga K, Oh SS, Pino-Yanes M, Eng C, Keswani A, Roth LA, Nguyen EA, Thyne SM, Farber HJ, Serebrisky D, Meade K, LeNoir MA, Rodriguez-Cintron W, Borrell LN, Bibbins-Domingo K, Lurmann F, Sen Ś, Rodriguez-Santana JR, Brigino-Buenaventura E, Avila PC, Balmes JR, Kumar R, Burchard EG. Early-life ozone exposure associated with asthma without sensitization in Latino children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1703-1706.e1. [PMID: 27423496 PMCID: PMC5148667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine K Nishimura
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kensho Iwanaga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Sam S Oh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Maria Pino-Yanes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celeste Eng
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Lindsey A Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | - Shannon M Thyne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Harold J Farber
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Denise Serebrisky
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Kelley Meade
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, Calif
| | | | | | - Luisa N Borrell
- Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College-City University of New York, Bronx, NY
| | | | | | - Śaunak Sen
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif
| | | | | | - Pedro C Avila
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - John R Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Calif
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | - Esteban G Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.
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Goergen AF, Ashida S, Skapinsky K, de Heer HD, Wilkinson AV, Koehly LM. What You Don't Know: Improving Family Health History Knowledge among Multigenerational Families of Mexican Origin. Public Health Genomics 2016; 19:93-101. [PMID: 26854931 PMCID: PMC5007856 DOI: 10.1159/000443473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated diabetes and heart disease family health history (FHH) knowledge and changes after providing personalized disease risk feedback. METHODS A total of 497 adults from 162 families of Mexican origin were randomized by household to conditions based on feedback recipient and content. Each provided personal and relatives' diabetes and heart disease diagnoses and received feedback materials following baseline assessment. Multivariate models were fitted to identify factors associated with the rate of 'don't know' FHH responses. RESULTS At baseline, US nativity was associated with a higher 'don't know' response rate (p = 0.002). Though confounded by country of birth, younger age showed a trend toward higher 'don't know' response rates. Overall, average 'don't know' response rates dropped from 20 to 15% following receipt of feedback (p < 0.001). An intervention effect was noted, as 'don't know' response rates decreased more in households where one family member (vs. all) received supplementary risk assessments (without behavioral recommendations; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Limited FHH knowledge was noted among those born in the US and younger participants, representing a key population to reach with intervention efforts. The intervention effect suggests that 'less is more', indicating the potential for too much information to limit health education program effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Goergen
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA
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Ehlers CL, Stouffer GM, Corey L, Gilder DA. The clinical course of DSM-5 alcohol use disorders in young adult native and Mexican Americans. Am J Addict 2015; 24:713-21. [PMID: 26346282 PMCID: PMC4715470 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To determine if the clinical course of DSM-5 alcohol use disorders (AUD) in select populations of young adults (18-30 years) differed based on gender, diagnostic severity (mild, moderate, severe), and ethnicity. METHODS Native Americans (NA) and Mexican Americans (MA) (n = 1,129) were recruited from the community and completed a structured diagnostic interview. Participants with DSM-5 AUDs were compared based on gender, severity of the disorder (mild, moderate, severe), and ethnicity for differences in drinking levels, as well as the clinical course of AUD as defined by the occurrence and sequence of 36 alcohol-related life events. RESULTS Seventy percent of the NA men, 64% of the NA women, 56% of the MA men, and 42% of the MA women met lifetime diagnostic criteria for a DSM-5 AUD. NA reported more alcohol-related life events and at an earlier age than MA. A high degree of similarity in the clinical course was found between men and women and between those with severe or moderate disorder, but not with those with mild disorder. CONCLUSIONS NA had higher drinking levels and more alcohol problems at an earlier age than MA. A similar clinical course was seen based on gender and ethnicity in these young adults, but not based on diagnostic severity. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE The DSM-5 mild AUD category differs from the moderate and severe categories on drinking history, clinical course, gender, and ethnic distribution. Mild AUD may not be in the same clinical continuum as moderate and severe AUD in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L. Ehlers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gina M. Stouffer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Linda Corey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - David A. Gilder
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Kuo SIC, Updegraff KA, Zeiders KH, McHale SM, Umaña-Taylor AJ, De Jesús SAR. Mexican American adolescents' sleep patterns: contextual correlates and implications for health and adjustment in young adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 44:346-61. [PMID: 25047598 PMCID: PMC4294970 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Late adolescence is a period of substantial risk for unhealthy sleep patterns. This study investigated the contextual correlates and health and adjustment implications of sleep patterns among Mexican American youth (N = 246; 51% female). We focused on Mexican American youth because they represent a large and rapidly increasing subgroup of the US population that is at higher risk for health and adjustment problems; this higher risk may be explained, in part, by sleep patterns. Using data from seven phone diary interviews conducted when youth averaged 18 years of age, we assessed average nighttime sleep duration and night-to-night variability in sleep duration. Guided by socio-ecological models, we first examined how experiences in the family context (time spent and quality of relationships with parents, parents' familism values) and in extra-familial contexts (school, work, peers) were related to sleep duration and variability. The findings revealed that time spent in school, work, and with peers linked to less sleep. Further, conflict with mothers was related to greater sleep variability. Next, we tested the implications of sleep in late adolescence for health (perceived physical health, body mass index) and adjustment (depressive symptoms, risky behaviors) in young adulthood. These findings indicated that more sleep variability predicted relative decreases in health and increases in risky behaviors, and shorter sleep duration predicted relative decreases in poorer perceived health for males. The discussion highlights the significance of the transition to young adulthood as a target for sleep research and the importance of studying sleep within its socio-cultural context.
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Ren J, Xiang AH, Trigo E, Takayanagi M, Beale E, Lawrence JM, Hartiala J, Richey JM, Allayee H, Buchanan TA, Watanabe RM. Genetic variation in MTNR1B is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and contributes only to the absolute level of beta cell compensation in Mexican Americans. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1391-9. [PMID: 24728128 PMCID: PMC4117246 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS MTNR1B is a type 2 diabetes susceptibility locus associated with cross-sectional measures of insulin secretion. We hypothesised that variation in MTNR1B contributes to the absolute level of a diabetes-related trait, temporal rate of change in that trait, or both. METHODS We tested rs10830963 for association with cross-sectional diabetes-related traits in up to 1,383 individuals or with rate of change in the same phenotypes over a 3-5 year follow-up in up to 374 individuals from the family-based BetaGene study of Mexican Americans. RESULTS rs10830963 was associated cross-sectionally with fasting glucose (p = 0.0069), acute insulin response (AIR; p = 0.0013), disposition index (p = 0.00078), glucose effectiveness (p = 0.018) and gestational diabetes mellitus (OR 1.48; p = 0.012), but not with OGTT 30 min Δinsulin (the difference between the 30 min and fasting plasma insulin concentration) or 30 min insulin-based disposition index. rs10830963 was also associated with rate of change in fasting glucose (p = 0.043), OGTT 30 min Δinsulin (p = 0.01) and AIR (p = 0.037). There was no evidence for an association with the rate of change in beta cell compensation for insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We conclude that variation in MTNR1B contributes to the absolute level of insulin secretion but not to differences in the temporal rate of change in insulin secretion. The observed association with the rate of change in insulin secretion reflects the natural physiological response to changes in underlying insulin sensitivity and is not a direct effect of the variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, 2250 Alcazar St, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9073, USA
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15
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Mamtani M, Kulkarni H, Dyer TD, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Duggirala R, Comuzzie AG, Samollow PB, Blangero J, Curran JE. Increased waist circumference is independently associated with hypothyroidism in Mexican Americans: replicative evidence from two large, population-based studies. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:46. [PMID: 24913450 PMCID: PMC4057819 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexican Americans are at an increased risk of both thyroid dysfunction and metabolic syndrome (MS). Thus it is conceivable that some components of the MS may be associated with the risk of thyroid dysfunction in these individuals. Our objective was to investigate and replicate the potential association of MS traits with thyroid dysfunction in Mexican Americans. METHODS We conducted association testing for 18 MS traits in two large studies on Mexican Americans - the San Antonio Family Heart Study (SAFHS) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-10. A total of 907 participants from 42 families in SAFHS and 1633 unrelated participants from NHANES 2007-10 were included in this study. The outcome measures were prevalence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid function index (TFI) - a measure of thyroid function. For the SAFHS, we used polygenic regression analyses with multiple covariates to test associations in setting of family studies. For the NHANES 2007-10, we corrected for the survey design variables as needed for association analyses in survey data. In both datasets, we corrected for age, sex and their linear and quadratic interactions. RESULTS TFI was an accurate indicator of clinical thyroid status (area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve to detect clinical hypothyroidism, 0.98) in both SAFHS and NHANES 2007-10. Of the 18 MS traits, waist circumference (WC) showed the most consistent association with TFI in both studies independently of age, sex and body mass index (BMI). In the SAFHS and NHANES 2007-10 datasets, each standard deviation increase in WC was associated with 0.13 (p < 0.001) and 0.11 (p < 0.001) unit increase in the TFI, respectively. In a series of polygenic and linear regression models, central obesity (defined as WC ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women) was associated with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism independent of age, sex, BMI and type 2 diabetes in both datasets. Estimated prevalence of hypothyroidism was consistently high in those with central obesity, especially below 45y of age. CONCLUSIONS WC independently associates with increased risk of thyroid dysfunction. Use of WC to identify Mexican American subjects at high risk of thyroid dysfunction should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mamtani
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hemant Kulkarni
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael C Mahaney
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anthony G Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Paul B Samollow
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Flores DV, Torres LR, Torres-Vigil I, Bordnick PS, Ren Y, Torres MIM, Deleon F, Pericot-Valverde I, Lopez T. From "Kickeando las malias" (kicking the withdrawals) to "Staying clean": The impact of cultural values on cessation of injection drug use in aging Mexican-American men. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:941-54. [PMID: 24779493 PMCID: PMC4008722 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.776084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug use among older adults is a growing concern, particularly for the burgeoning Hispanic population. Older adults seeking drug treatment will double over the next decade to almost 6 million. Cultural factors influence drug use, and more specifically, Hispanic cultural values influence heroin use. This study explored Mexican-American injection drug users' adherence to traditional Hispanic cultural values and their impact on cessation. Ethnographic interviews endorsed contextualized influences of values on heroin use. Cultural values functioned dichotomously, influencing both initiation and cessation. Understanding the impact of cultural values on substance abuse is critical given the changing demographics in American society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Flores
- 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, Mexico was the most common (22.9%) country of origin for foreign-born persons with tuberculosis in the United States, and overall trends in tuberculosis morbidity are substantially influenced by the Mexico-born population. OBJECTIVES To determine the risk of tuberculosis disease among Mexico-born persons living in the United States. METHODS Using data from the U.S. National Tuberculosis Surveillance System and the American Community Survey, we examined tuberculosis case counts and case rates stratified by years since entry into the United States and geographic proximity to the United States-Mexico border. We calculated trends in case rates over time measured by average annual percent change. RESULTS The total tuberculosis case count (-14.5%) and annual tuberculosis case rate (average annual percent change -5.1%) declined among Mexico-born persons. Among those diagnosed with tuberculosis less than 1 year since entry into the United States (newly arrived persons), there was a decrease in tuberculosis cases (-60.4%), no change in tuberculosis case rate (average annual percent change of 0.0%), and a decrease in population (-60.7%). Among those living in the United States for more than 5 years (non-recently arrived persons), there was an increase in tuberculosis cases (+3.4%), a decrease in tuberculosis case rate (average annual percent change of -4.9%), and an increase in population (+62.7%). In 2010, 66.7% of Mexico-born cases were among non-recently arrived persons, compared with 51.1% in 2000. Although border states reported the highest proportions (>15%) of tuberculosis cases that were Mexico-born, the highest Mexico-born-specific tuberculosis case rates (>20/100,000 population) were in states in the eastern and southeastern regions of the United States. CONCLUSIONS The decline in tuberculosis morbidity among Mexico-born persons may be attributed to fewer newly arrived persons from Mexico and lower tuberculosis case rates among non-recently arrived Mexico-born persons. The extent of the decline was dampened by an unchanged tuberculosis case rate among newly arrived persons from Mexico and a large increase in the non-recently arrived Mexico-born population. If current trends continue, tuberculosis morbidity among Mexico-born persons will be increasingly driven by those who have been living in the United States for more than 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Baker
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Patrick K. Moonan
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Mamtani M, Meikle PJ, Kulkarni H, Weir JM, Barlow CK, Jowett JB, Bellis C, Dyer TD, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Duggirala R, Comuzzie AG, Blangero J, Curran JE. Plasma dihydroceramide species associate with waist circumference in Mexican American families. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:950-6. [PMID: 23929697 PMCID: PMC3918249 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Waist circumference (WC), the clinical marker of central obesity, is gaining popularity as a screening tool for type 2 diabetes (T2D). While there is epidemiologic evidence favoring the WC-T2D association, its biological substantiation is generally weak. Our objective was to determine the independent association of plasma lipid repertoire with WC. METHODS Samples and data from the San Antonio Family Heart Study of 1208 Mexican Americans from 42 extended families were used. Association of plasma lipidomic profiles with the cross-sectionally assessed WC was determined. Plasma lipidomic profiling entailed liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included multivariable polygenic regression models and bivariate trait analyses using the SOLAR software. RESULTS After adjusting for age and sex interactions, body mass index, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins and use of lipid lowering drugs, dihydroceramides as a class were associated with WC. Dihydroceramide species 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:1 were significantly associated and genetically correlated with WC. Two sphingomyelin species (31:1 and 41:1) were also associated with WC. CONCLUSIONS Plasma dihydroceramide levels independently associate with WC. Thus, high resolution plasma lipidomic studies can provide further credence to the biological underpinnings of the association of WC with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Mamtani
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Hemant Kulkarni
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M. Weir
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Jeremy B. Jowett
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Claire Bellis
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Michael C. Mahaney
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | | | - Anthony G. Comuzzie
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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McElligott K, McElligott J, Rivell G, Rolfe R, Sharpe R, Lambright K, Charles L. Assessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the coastal region of South Carolina. Ethn Dis 2014; 24:155-161. [PMID: 24804360 PMCID: PMC4487604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess risk factors for cardiovascular disease, barriers to health care, and desired health care education topics for Hispanics in the coastal region of South Carolina known as the Lowcountry. METHODS 174 Hispanic adults were surveyed at visits at the Mexican consulate using a novel interview instrument. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was compared to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual telephone survey, to evaluate the validity of the survey instrument. RESULTS Results are comparable to the BRFSS telephone study of the Hispanics in the same area. However, participants in our study were older (Age > 35 = 41.4% vs. 34.9%) and reported fewer years of formal education (higher level education = 12.9% vs. 44.2%). Cost of care (72.8%) and language barriers (46.8%) were the main difficulties reported in obtaining health care access. The main educational topics of interest were diabetes (61.5%), hypertension (43.7%), stress (42.5%), and cardiac disease (40.2%). CONCLUSION Our study supports the evidence that there is a demand and need for cardiovascular disease and diabetes education among Hispanics. Our study also shows that a large proportion of Hispanics experience barriers to health care. and that large telephone studies may underrepresent higher risk Hispanic populations.
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Thomson EF, Nuru-Jeter A, Richardson D, Raza F, Minkler M. The Hispanic Paradox and older adults' disabilities: is there a healthy migrant effect? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013; 10:1786-814. [PMID: 23644828 PMCID: PMC3709349 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10051786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The "Hispanic Paradox" suggests that despite rates of poverty similar to African Americans, Hispanics have far better health and mortality outcomes, more comparable to non-Hispanic White Americans. Three prominent possible explanations for the Hispanic Paradox have emerged. The "Healthy Migrant Effect" suggests a health selection effect due to the demands of migration. The Hispanic lifestyle hypothesis focuses on Hispanics' strong social ties and better health behaviors. The reverse migration argument suggests that the morbidity profile in the USA is affected when many Hispanic immigrants return to their native countries after developing a serious illness. We analyzed data from respondents aged 55 and over from the nationally representative 2006 American Community Survey including Mexican Americans (13,167 U.S. born; 11,378 immigrants), Cuban Americans (314 U.S. born; 3,730 immigrants), and non-Hispanic White Americans (629,341 U.S. born; 31,164 immigrants). The healthy migrant effect was supported with SES-adjusted disability comparable between Mexican, Cuban and non-Hispanic Whites born in the USA and all immigrants having lower adjusted odds of functional limitations than U.S. born non-Hispanic Whites. The reverse migration hypothesis was partially supported, with citizenship and longer duration in the USA associated with higher rates of SES-adjusted disability for Mexican Americans. The Hispanic healthy life-style explanation had little support in this study. Our findings underline the importance of considering nativity when planning for health interventions to address the needs of the growing Hispanic American older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Amani Nuru-Jeter
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (A.N.-J.); (M.M.)
| | - Dawn Richardson
- College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Ferrah Raza
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Meredith Minkler
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; E-Mails: (A.N.-J.); (M.M.)
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Herrera AP, Mendez-Luck CA, Crist JD, Smith ML, Warre R, Ory MG, Markides K. Psychosocial and cognitive health differences by caregiver status among older Mexican Americans. Community Ment Health J 2013; 49:61-72. [PMID: 22311331 PMCID: PMC3491112 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-012-9494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study identifies the risk and protective factors associated with informal caregiving by older (≥70 years) Mexican Americans and profiles caregiving arrangements. Overall, a greater number of informal caregivers (n = 92) were married and female. They also had higher physical functioning and better cognition than non-caregivers (n = 1,888) but fewer visited a physician regularly. Informal caregivers also showed an increased risk of depressive symptoms. A third of caregivers spent more than 20 h/day caregiving and the majority (84%) of care recipients were family members. In order to support the efforts of this disproportionately burdened caregiver group, increased social support and healthcare services are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica P Herrera
- Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Schofield T, Beaumont K, Widaman K, Jochem R, Robins R, Conger R. Parent and child fluency in a common language: implications for the parent-child relationship and later academic success in Mexican American families. J Fam Psychol 2012; 26:869-879. [PMID: 23244454 PMCID: PMC3714171 DOI: 10.1037/a0030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study tested elements of the theoretical model of Portes and Rumbaut (1996), which proposes that parent-child differences in English fluency in immigrant families affect various family processes that, in turn, relate to changes in academic success. The current study of 674 Mexican- origin families provided support for the model in that parent-child fluency in a common language was associated with several dimensions of the parent-child relationship, including communication, role reversal, and conflict. In turn, these family processes predicted child academic performance, school problems, and academic aspirations and expectations. The current findings extend the Portes and Rumbaut (1996) model, however, inasmuch as joint fluency in either English or Spanish was associated with better parent-child relationships. The findings have implications for educational and human service issues involving Mexican Americans and other immigrant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schofield
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California-Davis, USA
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Skolarus LE, Lisabeth LD, Sánchez BN, Smith MA, Garcia NM, Risser JMH, Morgenstern LB. The prevalence of spirituality, optimism, depression, and fatalism in a bi-ethnic stroke population. J Relig Health 2012; 51:1293-1305. [PMID: 21184281 PMCID: PMC3094744 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To provide insight into the reduced post-stroke all-cause mortality among Mexican Americans, we explored ethnic differences in the pre-stroke prevalence of (1) spirituality, (2) optimism, (3) depression, and (4) fatalism in a Mexican American and non-Hispanic white stroke population. The Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project is a population-based stroke surveillance study in Nueces County, Texas. Seven hundred ten stroke patients were queried. For fatalism, optimism, and depression scales, unadjusted ethnic comparisons were made using linear regression models. Regression models were also used to explore how age and gender modify the ethnic associations after adjustment for education. For the categorical spirituality variables, ethnic comparisons were made using Fisher's exact tests. Mexican Americans reported significantly more spirituality than non-Hispanic whites. Among women, age modified the ethnic associations with pre-stroke depression and fatalism but not optimism. Mexican American women had more optimism than non-Hispanic white women. With age, Mexican American women had less depression and fatalism, while non-Hispanic white women had more fatalism and similar depression. Among men, after adjustment for education and age, there was no ethnic association with fatalism, depression, and optimism. Spirituality requires further study as a potential mediator of increased survival following stroke among Mexican Americans. Among women, evaluation of the role of optimism, depression, and fatalism as they relate to ethnic differences in post-stroke mortality should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesli E Skolarus
- Stroke Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to see if contact with the dead is associated with lower death anxiety among older Mexican Americans. The data come from a nationwide survey of older Mexican Americans (N = 1,005). The study model specifies that (a) older Mexican Americans who have experienced contact with the dead are more likely to see the connectedness that exists among all people; (b) seeing that all people are one promotes feelings of grateful to God; (c) gratitude toward God is, in turn, associated with lower death anxiety. The findings support each of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Krause
- Neal Krause is the Marshal H. Becker Collegiate Professor in the Department of Health Education and Behavior, School of Public Health, the University of Michigan, 1420 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029
| | - Elena Bastida
- Elena Bastida is a Professor and Chair of the Department of Health Promotion and DiseasePrevention, Robert Stemple College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida InternationalUniversity, 11200 S. W. 8 St., Miami, FL, 33199
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Farook VS, Puppala S, Schneider J, Fowler SP, Chittoor G, Dyer TD, Allayee H, Cole SA, Arya R, Black MH, Curran JE, Almasy L, Buchanan TA, Jenkinson CP, Lehman DM, Watanabe RM, Blangero J, Duggirala R. Metabolic syndrome is linked to chromosome 7q21 and associated with genetic variants in CD36 and GNAT3 in Mexican Americans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:2083-92. [PMID: 22456541 PMCID: PMC4287372 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2012.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) has been rising alarmingly worldwide, including in the United States, but knowledge on specific genetic determinants of MS is very limited. Therefore, we planned to identify the genetic determinants of MS as defined by National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII) criteria. We performed linkage screen for MS using data from 692 Mexican Americans, who participated in the San Antonio Family Diabetes/Gallbladder Study (SAFDGS). We found strong evidence for linkage of MS on chromosome 7q (LOD = 3.6, empirical P = 6.0 × 10(-5)), between markers D7S2212 and D7S821. In addition, six chromosomal regions exhibited potential evidence for linkage (LOD ≥1.2) with MS. Furthermore, we examined 29 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the fatty acid translocase (FAT or CD36, 18 SNPs) gene and guanine nucleotide binding protein, α transducing 3 (GNAT3, 11 SNPs) gene, located within the 1-LOD support interval region for their association with MS and its related traits. Several SNPs were associated with MS and its related traits. Remarkably, rs11760281 in GNAT3 and rs1194197 near CD36 exhibited the strongest associations with MS (P = 0.0003, relative risk (RR) = 1.6 and P = 0.004, RR = 1.7, respectively) and several other related traits. These two variants explained ~18% of the MS linkage evidence on chromosome 7q21, and together conferred approximately threefold increase in MS risk (RR = 2.7). In conclusion, our linkage and subsequent association studies implicate a region on chromosome 7q21 to influence MS in Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya S Farook
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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Schofield TJ, Conger RD, Conger KJ, Martin MJ, Brody G, Simons R, Cutrona C. Neighborhood disorder and children's antisocial behavior: the protective effect of family support among Mexican American and African American Families. Am J Community Psychol 2012; 50:101-13. [PMID: 22089092 PMCID: PMC3496766 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-011-9481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a sample of 673 Mexican Origin families, the current investigation examined the degree to which family supportiveness acted as a protective buffer between neighborhood disorder and antisocial behavior during late childhood (i.e. intent to use controlled substances, externalizing, and association with deviant peers). Children's perceptions of neighborhood disorder fully mediated associations between census and observer measures of neighborhood disorder and their antisocial behavior. Family support buffered children from the higher rates of antisocial behavior generally associated with living in disorderly neighborhoods. An additional goal of the current study was to replicate these findings in a second sample of 897 African American families, and that replication was successful. These findings suggest that family support may play a protective role for children living in dangerous or disadvantaged neighborhoods. They also suggest that neighborhood interventions should consider several points of entry including structural changes, resident perceptions of their neighborhood and family support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Schofield
- Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, 202 Cousteau Place Suite 100, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Heck JE, Lombardi CA, Meyers TJ, Cockburn M, Wilhelm M, Ritz B. Perinatal characteristics and retinoblastoma. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1567-75. [PMID: 22843021 PMCID: PMC3429932 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The etiology of retinoblastoma remains poorly understood. In the present study, we examined associations between perinatal factors and retinoblastoma risk in California children. METHODS We identified 609 retinoblastoma cases (420 unilateral, 187 bilateral, and 2 with laterality unknown) from California Cancer Registry records of diagnoses 1988-2007 among children < 6 years of age. We randomly selected 209,051 controls from California birth rolls. The source of most study data was birth certificates. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between retinoblastoma and perinatal characteristics. RESULTS Bilateral retinoblastoma was associated with greater paternal age [for fathers over 35, crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.20, 2.47] and with twin births (OR = 1.93, 95 % CI 0.99, 3.79). Among unilateral cases, we observed an increased risk among children of US-born Hispanic mothers (OR = 1.34, 95 % CI 1.01, 1.77) while a decreased risk was observed for infants born to mothers with less than 9 years of education (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI 0.49, 1.00), a group that consisted primarily of mothers born in Mexico. We observed that maternal infection in pregnancy with any STD (OR = 3.59, 95 % CI 1.58, 8.15) was associated with bilateral retinoblastoma. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the findings of previous investigations reporting associations between parental age, HPV infection, and retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Box 951772, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In comparison to non-Hispanic whites, a number of health-care disparities, including poor oral health, have been identified among Hispanics in general and Mexican Americans in particular. We hypothesized that Mexican Americans with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would have higher prevalence of chronic periodontitis compared with Mexican Americans with normal kidney function, and that the level of kidney function would be inversely related to the prevalence of periodontal disease. METHODS We examined this hypothesis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (NHANES III) data set. We followed the American Academy of Periodontology/Center for Disease Control and Prevention case definition for periodontitis. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the CKD-Epidemiology equation for Hispanic populations. The classification to CKD stages was based on the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. RESULTS Periodontitis prevalence increased across the kidney function groups showing a statistically significant dose-response association (P<0.001). Mexican Americans with reduced kidney function were twofold more likely to have periodontitis compared with Mexican Americans with normal kidney function after adjusting for potential confounders such as smoking, diabetes, and socioeconomic status. Multivariate adjusted odds ratio for periodontitis significantly increased with 1, 5, and 10 mL/minute estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction from the mean. CONCLUSION This is the first report, to the best our knowledge, that showed an increase of periodontitis prevalence with decreased kidney function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie Ioannidou
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-1710, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acculturation to life in the United States is a known predictor of Hispanic drinking behavior. We compare the ability of 2 theoretical models of this effect-sociocultural theory and general stress theory-to account for associations between acculturation and drinking in a sample of Mexican Americans. Limitations of previous evaluations of these theoretical models are addressed using a broader range of hypothesized cognitive mediators and a more direct measure of acculturative stress. In addition, we explore nonlinearities as possible underpinnings of attenuated acculturation effects among men. METHODS Respondents (N = 2,595, current drinker N = 1,351) were interviewed as part of 2 recent multistage probability samples in a study of drinking behavior among Mexican Americans in the United States. The ability of norms, drinking motives, alcohol expectancies, and acculturation stress to account for relations between acculturation and drinking outcomes (volume and heavy drinking days) were assessed with a hierarchical linear regression strategy. Nonlinear trends were assessed by modeling quadratic effects of acculturation and acculturation stress on cognitive mediators and drinking outcomes. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, acculturation effects on drinking outcomes were stronger for women than men. Among women, only drinking motives explained acculturation associations with volume or heavy drinking days. Among men, acculturation was linked to increases in norms, and norms were positive predictors of drinking outcomes. However, adjusted effects of acculturation were nonexistent or trending in a negative direction, which counteracted this indirect normative influence. Acculturation stress did not explain the positive associations between acculturation and drinking. CONCLUSIONS Stress and alcohol outcome expectancies play little role in the positive linear association between acculturation and drinking outcomes, but drinking motives appear to at least partially account for this effect. Consistent with recent reports, these results challenge stress models of linear acculturation effects on drinking outcomes and provide (partial) support for sociocultural models. Inconsistent mediation patterns-rather than nonlinearities-represented a more plausible statistical description of why acculturation-drinking associations are weakened among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britain A Mills
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75390-9128, USA.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence the amount of volunteer work that older Mexican Americans perform in the place where they worship. The relationship between religion and volunteering is viewed from a social identity perspective. Data from a nationally representative sample of older Mexican Americans suggest that Evangelical/Pentecostal church members spend more time performing volunteer work at church than older Mexican Americans who affiliate with other denominations. Moreover, the findings indicate that the difference in the amount of volunteering between the two groups can largely be explained by differences in the nature of the spiritual support that Evangelical/Pentecostal receive from their fellow church members as well as depth of their commitment to their faith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Krause
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Roosa MW, O'Donnell M, Cham H, Gonzales NA, Zeiders KH, Tein JY, Knight GP, Umaña-Taylor A. A prospective study of Mexican American adolescents' academic success: considering family and individual factors. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 41:307-19. [PMID: 21863379 PMCID: PMC3244570 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Mexican American youth are at greater risk of school failure than their peers. To identify factors that may contribute to academic success in this population, this study examined the prospective relationships from 5th grade to 7th grade of family (i.e., human capital [a parent with at least a high school education], residential stability, academically and occupationally positive family role models, and family structure) and individual characteristics (i.e., externalizing symptoms, bilingualism, gender, and immigrant status) to the academic performance of 749 Mexican American early adolescents (average age = 10.4 years and 48.7% were girls in 5th grade) from economically and culturally diverse families as these youth made the transition to junior high school. Results indicated that while controlling for prior academic performance, human capital and positive family role models assessed when adolescents were in 5th grade positively related to academic performance in 7th grade. Further, being a girl also was related to greater 7th grade academic success, whereas externalizing symptoms were negatively related to 7th grade academic performance. No other variables in the model were significantly and prospectively related to 7th grade academic performance. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Roosa
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University's Prevention Research Center, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701, USA.
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Abstract
The family stress model posits that contextual stressors, such as neighborhood danger, negatively influence youth adjustment, including internalizing symptoms, via disruptions in parenting and family processes. The current study examined a culturally and contextually modified family stress model in a diverse sample of Mexican origin fathers and their children (N = 463) from the Southwestern U.S. Results supported the hypothesized negative influence of neighborhood danger on youth internalizing symptoms via disruptions in family cohesion. Paternal warmth did not play a role in linking contextual stress to outcomes. The role of harsh parenting was highly nuanced. Results suggest that both culture and context have the potential to moderate putative family stress model associations for specific parenting behaviors and further our understanding of the ways that culture and context may operate in models of family stress and youth outcomes.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the association between frailty and cognitive impairment as predictors of mortality over a 10-year period in a selected sample of older Mexican Americans. DESIGN Longitudinal analyses using data from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1995-96/2004-05). SETTING Five southwestern states: Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and California. PARTICIPANTS Mexican Americans aged 67 and older with complete information on the frailty index and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) (n=1,815). MEASUREMENTS Cognitive impairment determined by a score in the MMSE < 21. Frailty defined as three or more of the following components: 1) weight-loss, 2) weakness, 3) self-reported exhaustion, 4) slow walking speed, and 5) low physical activity level. Sociodemographic characteristics and chronic medical conditions were used as covariates. Mortality was determined using the National Death Index or by proxy. RESULTS As MMSE score declines over time, the percent of frail individuals increases in a linear fashion. Frailty and cognitive impairment are independent risk factors for mortality after controlling for all covariates (HR 2.03 95% CI 1.57-2.62; HR 1.26 95% CI 1.05-1.52, respectively). When both cognitive impairment and frailty were added to the model, HR for individuals with cognitive impairment was no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION The relation between frailty and cognitive impairment needs careful analysis in this population to establish pathways increasing mortality and decreasing quality of life. Our results suggest frailty is a stronger predictor of mortality for older Mexican Americans than cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cano
- Institute on Aging, Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Samper-Ternent
- Institute on Aging, Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Soham Al Snih
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Kyriakos Markides
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Kenneth J. Ottenbacher
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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Al Hazzouri AZ, Haan MN, Whitmer RA, Yaffe K, Neuhaus J. Central obesity, leptin and cognitive decline: the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2012; 33:400-9. [PMID: 22814127 PMCID: PMC3483312 DOI: 10.1159/000339957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Central obesity is a risk factor for cognitive decline. Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and has been associated with better cognitive function. Aging Mexican Americans have higher levels of obesity than non-Hispanic Whites, but no investigations examined the relationship between leptin and cognitive decline among them or the role of central obesity in this association. METHODS We analyzed 1,480 dementia-free older Mexican Americans who were followed over 10 years. Cognitive function was assessed every 12-15 months with the Modified Mini Mental State Exam (3MSE) and the Spanish and English Verbal Learning Test (SEVLT). RESULTS For females with a small waist circumference (≤35 inches), an interquartile range difference in leptin was associated with 35% less 3MSE errors and 22% less decline in the SEVLT score over 10 years. For males with a small waist circumference (≤40 inches), an interquartile range difference in leptin was associated with 44% less 3MSE errors and 30% less decline in the SEVLT score over 10 years. There was no association between leptin and cognitive decline among females or males with a large waist circumference. CONCLUSION Leptin interacts with central obesity in shaping cognitive decline. Our findings provide valuable information about the effects of metabolic risk factors on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary N. Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Garcia L, Gold EB, Wang L, Yang X, Mao M, Schwartz AV. The relation of acculturation to overweight, obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes among U.S. Mexican-American women and men. Ethn Dis 2012; 22:58-64. [PMID: 22774310 PMCID: PMC4203316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate and compare the prevalences of overweight, obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes among a nationally representative sample of Mexican-American, non-Latino white and black adults, and by acculturation for Mexican-Americans. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS The NHANES 1999-2008 data sets were used. Binomial regression models were used to compute prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals to assess the relationships of race/ethnicity and acculturation with obesity, overweight, pre-diabetes and diabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overweight, obesity, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. RESULTS Mexican Americans had a higher prevalence of overweight than white non-Latinos and Black non-Latinos. Obesity was significantly more prevalent among the most acculturated Mexican Americans but not the least acculturated. In contrast, the least acculturated Mexican Americans had the highest prevalence of overweight. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher among Mexican Americans than white non-Latinos and black non-Latinos. The most acculturated Mexican Americans had a higher prevalence of diabetes and the prevalence of pre-diabetes was elevated in less acculturated Mexican Americans. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, the less acculturated were significantly more likely to be overweight and significantly less likely to be obese, compared to more acculturated Mexican Americans, and acculturation was not associated with diabetes or prediabetes in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that obesity was less prevalent among the least acculturated Mexican-Americans but overweight was more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Garcia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 95616, USA.
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Abstract
Despite elevated levels of substance use among many Latino youths, there has been little research on protective factors against such use. In keeping with federal commitments to address health disparities, this prospective study examined the protective influence of religion on substance use among a school-based sample (N = 804) of youths of Mexican heritage in the American Southwest. Drawing from the social capital literature, the authors posited that both integration into religious networks and trust in religious values at time 1 (Tl) would predict less likelihood of using substances at time 2 (T2) but that exposure to religious norms at Tl would not predict subsequent substance use at T2. The hypotheses regarding religious networks and religious norms were largely confirmed, whereas little support emerged for the hypothesis regarding religious values. The results are discussed in light of the various pathways through which religion may exhibit a protective influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Hodge
- Associate professor, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, and senior nonresident fellow, Program for Research on Religion and Urban Civil Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Hoeft KS, Barker JC, Masterson EE. Maternal beliefs and motivations for first dental visit by low-income Mexican American children in California. Pediatr Dent 2011; 33:392-398. [PMID: 22104706 PMCID: PMC3536823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine Mexican American immigrant caregivers' beliefs and motivations surrounding the first dental visit for their young children (median age=5-years-old). METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted among a convenience sample of 48 low-income, Mexican American mothers about their young children's oral health. Transcripts were independently read, coded, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS Half (51%) of first dental visits were for parent-initiated reasons, including: for pain or visible dental problems; for parent's proactive desire to get a checkup; or to avoid future dental problems. The other half was initiated by external prompts, especially pediatrician recommendations and school requirements. Once a child went to the dentist for his/her first visit, 94% continued with regular checkups. The mean age for a first dental visit was 3-years-old. Three parents reported cases in which dentists discouraged visits for symptomatic children before they were 3-years-old. CONCLUSIONS The low-income, urban Mexican American parents interviewed take their children to their first dental visit when they are approximately 3-years-old, much later than the recommended 1-year-old first visit for this at-risk population. Physicians are well positioned to play an important role in prompting first dental visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin S Hoeft
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, History and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Ehlers CL, Phillips E, Criado JR, Gilder DA. N4 component responses to pre-pulse startle stimuli in young adults: relationship to alcohol dependence. Psychiatry Res 2011; 188:237-44. [PMID: 21550123 PMCID: PMC3114177 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Both physiological and behavioral studies provide evidence to suggest that deficits in frontal cortical control circuits may contribute to the risk for developing alcohol dependence. Event-related potential (ERP) and eye blink responses to startle and short delay prepulse-plus-startle stimuli, and psychiatric diagnoses were investigated in young adult (age 18-30 years) men (n=135) and women (n=205) Mexican Americans. Women displayed a significant increase in the amplitude of the eye blink response to both the startle and pre-pulse-plus-startle stimuli. None of the psychiatric diagnoses were associated with differences in eye blink responses. ERP responses to the startle and prepulse-plus startle stimuli included a negative polarity wave at approximately 400 ms that was of the highest amplitude in the frontal leads (N4S). Women were found to have significantly higher amplitude N4S responses than men. Participants with alcohol dependence demonstrated significantly less inhibition and more facilitation of the N4S component by the pre-pulse stimuli. This finding was not associated with a diagnosis of: any other drug dependence disorder (including nicotine), anxiety or affective disorder, or conduct/antisocial personality disorder. The present study suggests that gender and a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol dependence may selectively contribute to this frontal late wave electrophysiological response to prepulse-plus-startle stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Louise Ehlers
- The Scripps Research Institute, Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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Mangold D, Marino E, Javors M. The cortisol awakening response predicts subclinical depressive symptomatology in Mexican American adults. J Psychiatr Res 2011; 45:902-9. [PMID: 21300376 PMCID: PMC3270584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While childhood trauma appears to be a risk factor for the onset of depression and subclinical depressive symptomatology in Mexican Americans, the specific physiological mechanisms contributing to this relationship remain to be clarified. Stress-induced dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is associated with depressive symptomatology in non-Hispanics. The current study assessed the extent to which the cortisol awakening response (CAR) predicts subclinical depressive symptomatology beyond the influence of childhood trauma in a sample of 55 Mexican American males and females ages 18-38 years, without a diagnosis of clinical depression. Participants were assessed for exposure to early trauma and current depressive symptomatology. Salivary cortisol samples were collected on two consecutive days at awakening, 30, 45, and 60 min thereafter, and again at 3 p.m., 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Data were analyzed using general linear models with repeated measures at four morning time points, and again, at three afternoon and evening time points. Results indicated a significant Symptoms×Time interaction for the CAR(p<0.05). The Symptom×Time interaction was not significant for afternoon and evening cortisol concentrations. Moreover, subclinical symptomatology was associated with attenuation of the initial rise in CAR, after controlling for the total frequency of exposure to childhood traumas. Hierarchical analyses show attenuation of the initial rise in the CAR was the best predictor of greater subclinical depressive symptomatology beyond the influence of trauma, and independent of a current diagnosis of major depression in a sample of adult Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Mangold
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249,Corresponding Author Deborah L. Mangold, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, HSS 4.04.21, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, Texas 78249, Tele: (210) 458-7405, Fax: (210) 458-5728,
| | - E. Marino
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - M. Javors
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
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Valdez A, Neaigus A, Kaplan C, Cepeda A. High rates of transitions to injecting drug use among Mexican American non-injecting heroin users in San Antonio, Texas (never and former injectors). Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 114:233-6. [PMID: 21075561 PMCID: PMC3060287 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence and rate of transition to injecting among Mexican American noninjecting heroin users. METHODS In a prospective cohort study of street-recruited MA-NIU in San Antonio, Texas, 2002-2005, participants were administered structured interviews and tested for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The analysis sample comprised former injection drug users (last injected >6 months ago, n=47) and those who had never injected drugs and tested HCV negative (n=219). A transition to injecting was defined as the first injection of illicit drugs since baseline interview. Transition rates were based on person-years at-risk (PYAR). Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted (for significant differences between former and never injectors) hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of injecting history on transitioning to injecting. RESULTS Sixty-three (24%) participants transitioned to injecting at a rate of 22.3/100 PYAR (95% CI: 17.2-28.2). Former-injectors were significantly more likely to transition than never injectors (43% or 20/47 vs. 20% or 43/219; p<0.001), and did so at a faster rate (40.4/100 PYAR, 95% CI: 24.6-60.0 vs. 18.5/100 PYAR, 95% CI: 13.4-24.4), with the crude HR=1.931 (95% CI: 1.116, 3.341) and adjusted HR=2.263 (95% CI: 1.192-4.294). CONCLUSIONS The rate of transitioning to injecting was high and greater among former injectors. Of particular concern is the high rate of injecting initiation among never injectors. Future analyses will examine factors associated with injecting initiation, including individual susceptibility and behaviors, social networks, and the cultural and drug market context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelardo Valdez
- Graduate College of Social Work, Center for Drug & Social Policy Research, University of Houston, 110HA Social Work, Houston, TX 77204-4013, USA.
| | - Alan Neaigus
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles Kaplan
- Graduate College of Social Work, Center for Drug & Social Policy Research, University of Houston, 110HA Social Work, Houston, TX 77204-4013, USA
| | - Alice Cepeda
- Department of Sociology, Center for Drug & Social Policy Research, University of Houston, 110HA Social Work, Houston, TX 77204-4013, USA
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García AA. The Diabetes Symptom Self-Care Inventory: development and psychometric testing with Mexican Americans. J Pain Symptom Manage 2011; 41:715-27. [PMID: 21276705 PMCID: PMC3075383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes is prevalent throughout the world. In previous studies of Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes, 95%-97% of those sampled reported having symptoms they believe were caused by diabetes and most self-treated their symptoms. To more accurately capture Mexican Americans' symptom prevalence and their self-treatments, the Diabetes Symptom Self-Care Inventory (DSSCI) was adapted from the Diabetes Self-Care Instrument. OBJECTIVES This article describes the modification process used to perfect the DSSCI for use in improving self-care among people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This instrumentation study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The study was completed in four phases that used focus groups, cognitive interviews, and survey administration. Four convenience samples were drawn from community-dwelling Mexican American adults, aged 25-75 years, with type 2 diabetes in an urban area and a rural location in Texas. RESULTS Phase I: Seven focus groups (n=45) generated data for revising items. Phase II: Cognitive interviews with 16 participants were used to evaluate four revisions of the questionnaire. Phase III: Surveys were administered to 81 participants. Total number of symptoms on the DSSCI correlated with scores on the Centers for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (r=0.65, P<0.001), Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised Diabetes Symptom subscale (r=0.57, P<0.001), and Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life scale (r=-0.42, P<0.001). Minor revisions followed. Phase IV: Test-retest stability was demonstrated (n=44). CONCLUSION The DSSCI is a culturally relevant, sound measure of Mexican Americans' diabetes symptoms and the actions they take to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A García
- The University of Texas at Austin School of Nursing, Austin, Texas 78701, USA.
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Gilliam ML, Neustadt A, Whitaker A, Kozloski M. Familial, cultural and psychosocial influences of use of effective methods of contraception among Mexican-American adolescents and young adults. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2011; 24:79-84. [PMID: 21126893 PMCID: PMC5145289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare culturally relevant factors associated with ever having used an effective method of contraception among a cohort of predominantly Mexican American females. DESIGN Face to face interviews were conducted in either English or Spanish. The survey used was developed directly for this study based on qualitative research with this population as well as the existing literature. Women were grouped as either adolescents (ages 13-20) or young adults (ages 21-25) for study purposes. SETTING Two community-based outpatient clinics on Chicago's West Side. PARTICIPANTS Non-pregnant Latina females between 13-25 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of familial, cultural and psychosocial factors associated with use of effective contraception using bivariate and multivariable analyses. RESULTS Final analysis included 267 participants. Multivariable models yielded three factors found to be statistically significant predictors of effective contraception use, but only one was significant for both age groups. Number of children was a strong predictor of effective contraceptive use among both Latina adolescents and young adults (P < 0.001 for adolescents and P = 0.049 for young adults). Partner communication predicted effective contraceptive use among Latina adolescents (P = 0.001). Acculturation level strongly predicted effective contraceptive use among Latina young adults (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate the need to tailor messages to Latina adolescent and young adults to reduce unintended pregnancy. Interventions to improve effective contraceptive use among Latina adolescents should promote effective forms of contraception in conjunction with communication with their partners about birth control. In contrast, efforts to address unintended pregnancy among Latina young adults should be sensitive to degree of acculturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Gilliam
- Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Abstract
Although there have been significant decreases in U.S. mortality rates, racial/ethnic disparities persist. The goals of this study are to: (1) elucidate a conceptual framework for the study of racial/ethnic differences in U.S. adult mortality, (2) estimate current racial/ethnic differences in adult mortality, (3) examine empirically the extent to which measures of socioeconomic status and other risk factors impact the mortality differences across groups, and (4) utilize findings to inform the policy community with regard to eliminating racial/ethnic disparities in mortality. Relative Black-White differences are modestly narrower when compared to a decade or so ago, but remain very wide. The majority of the Black-White adult mortality gap can be accounted for by measures of socioeconomic resources that reflect the historical and continuing significance of racial socioeconomic stratification. Further, when controlling for socioeconomic resources, MexicanAmericans and Mexican immigrants exhibit significantly lower mortality risk than non-Hispanic Whites. Without aggressive efforts to create equality in socioeconomic and social resources, Black-White disparities in mortality will remain wide, and mortality among the Mexican-origin population will remain higher than what would be the case if that population achieved socioeconomic equality with Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hummer
- Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
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Marks AR, Harley K, Bradman A, Kogut K, Barr DB, Johnson C, Calderon N, Eskenazi B. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and attention in young Mexican-American children: the CHAMACOS study. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:1768-74. [PMID: 21126939 PMCID: PMC3002198 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides, well-known neurotoxicants, has been associated with neurobehavioral deficits in children. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether OP exposure, as measured by urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites in pregnant women and their children, was associated with attention-related outcomes among Mexican-American children living in an agricultural region of California. METHODS Children were assessed at ages 3.5 years (n = 331) and 5 years (n = 323). Mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We administered the NEPSY-II visual attention subtest to children at 3.5 years and Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 5 years. The K-CPT yielded a standardized attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Confidence Index score. Psychometricians scored behavior of the 5-year-olds during testing using the Hillside Behavior Rating Scale. RESULTS Prenatal DAPs (nanomoles per liter) were nonsignificantly associated with maternal report of attention problems and ADHD at age 3.5 years but were significantly related at age 5 years [CBCL attention problems: β = 0.7 points; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2-1.2; ADHD: β = 1.3; 95% CI, 0.4-2.1]. Prenatal DAPs were associated with scores on the K-CPT ADHD Confidence Index > 70th percentile [odds ratio (OR) = 5.1; 95% CI, 1.7-15.7] and with a composite ADHD indicator of the various measures (OR = 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1-10.7). Some outcomes exhibited evidence of effect modification by sex, with associations found only among boys. There was also limited evidence of associations between child DAPs and attention. CONCLUSIONS In utero DAPs and, to a lesser extent, postnatal DAPs were associated adversely with attention as assessed by maternal report, psychometrician observation, and direct assessment. These associations were somewhat stronger at 5 years than at 3.5 years and were stronger in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Marks
- Center for Children’s Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kim Harley
- Center for Children’s Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Children’s Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Children’s Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caroline Johnson
- Center for Children’s Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Norma Calderon
- Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas, Clinica de Salud del Valle de Salinas, Salinas, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Children’s Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Address correspondence to B. Eskenazi, Center for Children’s Environmental Health Research, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, 1995 University Ave., Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Telephone: (510) 643-1337. Fax: (510) 642-9083. E-mail:
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Eskenazi B, Huen K, Marks A, Harley KG, Bradman A, Barr DB, Holland N. PON1 and neurodevelopment in children from the CHAMACOS study exposed to organophosphate pesticides in utero. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:1775-81. [PMID: 21126941 PMCID: PMC3002199 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) detoxifies oxon derivatives of some organophosphate (OP) pesticides, and its genetic polymorphisms influence enzyme activity and quantity. We previously reported that maternal urinary concentrations of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, a marker of OP pesticide exposure, were related to poorer mental development and maternally reported symptoms consistent with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) in 2-year-olds participating in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study. OBJECTIVE We determined whether PON1 genotypes and enzyme measurements were associated with child neurobehavioral development and whether PON1 modified the association of in utero exposure to OPs (as assessed by maternal DAPs) and neurobehavior. METHODS We measured DAP concentrations in maternal urine during pregnancy, PON1₁₉₂ and PON1₋₁₀₈ genotypes in mothers and children, and arylesterase (ARYase) and paraoxonase (POase) in maternal, cord, and 2-year-olds' blood. We assessed 353 2-year-olds on the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and queried their mothers on the Child Behavior Checklist to obtain a score for PDD. RESULTS Children with the PON1(-108T) allele had poorer MDI scores and somewhat poorer PDI scores. Children were less likely to display PDD when they or their mothers had higher ARYase activity and when their mothers had higher POase activity. The association between DAPs and MDI scores was strongest in children with PON1(-108T) allele, but this and other interactions between DAPs and PON1 polymorphisms or enzymes were not significant. CONCLUSION PON1 was associated with child neurobehavioral development, but additional research is needed to confirm whether it modifies the relation with in utero OP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94602, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB) regarding childhood obesity among parents of Latino preschoolers. METHODS Three hundred sixty-nine Mexican immigrant parents of children ages 2-5 were interviewed. Children were weighed and measured. RESULTS Parents underestimated their own child's weight status and had high levels of perceived control over their children's eating and activity behaviors. Parents of overweight (>95%ile-for-age-and-sex BMI) versus nonoverweight (<95%ile BMI) children did not differ in their beliefs about ideal child body size. CONCLUSION Latino parents of overweight children did not differ from parents of nonoverweight children with respect to their KAB about childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kersey
- Department of Pediatrics, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Gerst K, Al-Ghatrif M, Beard HA, Samper-Ternent R, Markides KS. High depressive symptomatology among older community-dwelling Mexican Americans: the impact of immigration. Aging Ment Health 2010; 14:347-54. [PMID: 20425654 PMCID: PMC2861795 DOI: 10.1080/13607860903292578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This analysis explores nativity differences in depressive symptoms among very old (75+) community-dwelling Mexican Americans. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis using the fifth wave (2004-2005) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (Hispanic EPESE). PARTICIPANTS The sample consisted of 1699 non-institutionalized Mexican American men and women aged 75 years and above. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Logistic regression was used to predict high depressive symptoms (CES-D score 16 or higher) and multinomial logistic regression was used to predict sub-threshold, moderate, and high depressive symptoms. RESULTS Results showed that elders born in Mexico had higher odds of more depressive symptoms compared to otherwise similar Mexican Americans born in the US. Age of arrival, gender, and other covariates did not modify that risk. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that older Mexican American immigrants are at higher risk of depressive symptomatology compared to persons born in the US, which has significant implications for research, policy, and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Gerst
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Majd Al-Ghatrif
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
,Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Holly A. Beard
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | | | - Kyriakos S. Markides
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
,Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Travis PB, Goodman KJ, O'Rourke KM, Groves FD, Sinha D, Nicholas JS, VanDerslice J, Lackland D, Mena KD. The association of drinking water quality and sewage disposal with Helicobacter pylori incidence in infants: the potential role of water-borne transmission. J Water Health 2010; 8:192-203. [PMID: 20009261 PMCID: PMC5663436 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2009.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium causing gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease, is unknown although waterborne transmission is a likely pathway. This study investigated the hypothesis that access to treated water and a sanitary sewerage system reduces the H. pylori incidence rate, using data from 472 participants in a cohort study that followed children in Juarez, Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, from April 1998, with caretaker interviews and the urea breath test for detecting H. pylori infection at target intervals of six months from birth through 24 months of age. The unadjusted hazard ratio comparing bottled/vending machine water to a municipal water supply was 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 1.01) and comparing a municipal sewer connection to a septic tank or cesspool, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.60, 1.20). After adjustment for maternal education and country, the hazard ratios decreased slightly to 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 1.00) and 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.50, 1.21), respectively. These results provide moderate support for potential waterborne transmission of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny B Travis
- Medical University of South Carolina, PO Box 1158, Folly Beach, South Carolina 29439, USA.
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Abstract
Mexican American (MA) girls are entering puberty earlier than in the past, yet few studies have explored the perceptions surrounding puberty among this group. We conducted separate focus groups for fathers, mothers, and daughters aged 6 to 12 years to explore perceptions of body image, pubertal development, communications, and sources of puberty-related information in MA participants. Our results revealed parental concerns about daughters' weight and pubertal development, as well as differences in their communication with their daughters. Although both parents willingly discussed pubertal issues concerning their daughters, mothers had a more active role in conveying pubertal information to daughters. Among the girls, there was a gap in knowledge about the pubertal process between the younger and older girls. Our findings present opportunities and challenges for addressing obesity as a pubertal risk factor in MA girls; however, more studies are needed to understand family beliefs and sociocultural dynamics surrounding puberty in MAs.
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Abstract
This article examines the complexity of street gang homicides and focuses on situational factors that lead to gang members' susceptibility to this violent behavior within the context of a disadvantaged minority community. This study is based on an analysis of 28 homicides involving Mexican American gang members. The absence of immigrant youth involvement in these types of violent crimes is discussed. Findings demonstrate how locally embedded social processes associated with specific gang types, ecology, drugs, circumstances, and motives unfold into homicidal events. These findings may contribute to the development of street-based social programs focused on gang mediation, dispute resolution, and crisis intervention.
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