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Eikenbary B, Devaraju P, Chakkravarthi A, Sihag KK, Nathan T, Thangaraj G, Srinivasan L, Kumar A. A molecular survey of zoonotic pathogens of public health importance in rodents/shrews and their ectoparasites trapped in Puducherry, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024:trae033. [PMID: 38768316 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, India has a high zoonotic disease burden and lacks surveillance data in humans and animals. Rodents are known reservoirs for many zoonotic diseases and their synanthropic behavior poses a great public health threat. METHODS In this study, trapped rodents/shrews from randomly selected villages within Puducherry, India, and their ectoparasites were screened for zoonotic pathogens, namely, Orientia tsutsugamushi, other pathogenic rickettsiae, Leptospira spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Coxiella burnetii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using conventional PCR. A total of 58 rodents/shrews were trapped from 11 villages. The species trapped were Suncus murinus (49/58, 84.48%), Rattus rattus (8/58, 13.79%) and Rattus norvegicus (1/58, 1.72%). All ectoparasites collected were identified as mites and its infestation rate was 46.55% (27/58). RESULTS Real-time PCR targeting the 47 kDa gene of O. tsutsugamushi revealed positivity in one rodent and one shrew (3.45%) and two mite pools (7.41%). Conventional PCR targeting the 56 kDa gene revealed positivity in one shrew and two mite pools and the phylogenetic analysis of all three amplicons indicated the circulation of the Gilliam-related serotype. MRSA was detected in the alimentary tract of a shrew (1/32, 3.13%). Leptospira spp., Rickettsia, Cryptosporidium spp. and Co. burnetii tested negative. CONCLUSIONS The detection of zoonotic pathogens within reservoir hosts and vectors poses a risk of transmission to humans. This study signifies the need for zoonotic pathogen surveillance in synanthropic rodents/shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Eikenbary
- Department of Global Health, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- Unit of One Health, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Puducherry 605006, India
| | | | - Krishan Kumar Sihag
- Unit of One Health, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Terence Nathan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Gowdham Thangaraj
- Unit of One Health, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Lakshmy Srinivasan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Puducherry 605006, India
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Amponsah AS, Ankar-Brewoo GM, Lutterodt HE, Ofosu IW. Assessing the microbial diversity and proximate composition of smoked-fermented bushmeat from four different bushmeat samples. BioTechnologia (Pozn) 2024; 105:5-17. [PMID: 38633890 PMCID: PMC11020155 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2024.135637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for wildlife-derived raw or processed meat commonly known as bushmeat, has been identified as one of the critical factors driving the emergence of infectious diseases. This study focused on examining the bacterial community composition of smoked and fermented bushmeats, specifically grasscutter, rat, rabbit, and mona monkey. The analysis involved exploring 16Sr RNA amplicon sequences isolated from bushmeat using QIIME2. Microbiome profiles and their correlation with proximate components (PLS regression) were computed in STAMP and XLSTAT, respectively. Results indicate the predominance of Firmicutes (70.9%), Actinobacteria (18.58%), and Proteobacteria (9.12%) in bushmeat samples at the phylum level. Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Macrococcus, and Proteus constituted the core microbiomes in bushmeat samples, ranked in descending order. Notably, significant differences were observed between the bacterial communities of bushmeat obtained from omnivores and herbivores (rat and mona monkey, and grasscutter and mona monkey), as well as those with similar feeding habits (rat and monkey, and grasscutter and rabbit) at the family and genus levels. Each type of bushmeat possessed unique microbial diversity, with some proximate components such as fat in rat samples correlating with Staphylococcus, while proteins in Mona monkey correlated with Arthrobacter and Brevibacterium, respectively. The study underscores public health concerns and highlights probiotic benefits, as bushmeat samples contained both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Therefore, future research efforts could focus on improving bushmeat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Sakyiwaa Amponsah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Sunyani Technical University, Sunyani, Ghana
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Floris I, Vannuccini A, Ligotti C, Musolino N, Romano A, Viani A, Bianchi DM, Robetto S, Decastelli L. Detection and Characterization of Zoonotic Pathogens in Game Meat Hunted in Northwestern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:562. [PMID: 38396530 PMCID: PMC10886018 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildlife can represent a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens and a public health problem. In the present study, we investigated the spread of zoonotic pathogens (Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and hepatitis E virus (HEV)) considering the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in game meat from animals hunted in northwest Italy. During two hunting seasons (2020 to 2022), samples of liver and/or muscle tissue were collected from chamois (n = 48), roe deer (n = 26), deer (n = 39), and wild boar (n = 35). Conventional microbiology and biomolecular methods were used for the detection, isolation, and characterization of the investigated pathogens. Two L. monocytogenes serotype IIa strains were isolated from wild boar liver; both presented fosfomycin resistance gene and a total of 22 virulence genes were detected and specified in the text. Eight Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains were isolated from chamois (2), wild boar (5), and deer (1) liver samples; all showed streptogramin and beta-lactam resistance genes; the virulence genes found were myfA (8/8 strains), ymoA (8/8), invA (8/8), ystB (8/8), and ail (4/8). Our data underscore the potential role of wildlife as a carrier of zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant pathogens in northwest Italy and a food safety risk for game meat consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Floris
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (A.V.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Andrea Vannuccini
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (A.V.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.M.B.); (L.D.)
- Posto di Controllo Frontaliero (PCF), Ponte Caracciolo MONTITAL, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Carmela Ligotti
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (A.V.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Noemi Musolino
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (A.V.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Angelo Romano
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (A.V.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Annalisa Viani
- National Reference Centre for Wild Animals Diseases (CeRMAS), SC Valle d’Aosta, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), 11020 Aosta, Italy; (A.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Daniela Manila Bianchi
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (A.V.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Serena Robetto
- National Reference Centre for Wild Animals Diseases (CeRMAS), SC Valle d’Aosta, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), 11020 Aosta, Italy; (A.V.); (S.R.)
- SS Patologie della Fauna Selvatica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), 11020 Aosta, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- SC Sicurezza e Qualità degli Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy; (I.F.); (A.V.); (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.M.B.); (L.D.)
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Gigot C, Lowman A, Ceryes CA, Hall DJ, Heaney CD. Industrial Hog Operation Workers' Perspectives on Occupational Exposure to Zoonotic Pathogens: A Qualitative Pilot Study in North Carolina, USA. New Solut 2024; 33:209-219. [PMID: 38062664 DOI: 10.1177/10482911231217055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Industrial hog operation (IHO) workers face a range of occupational hazards, including exposure to zoonotic pathogens such as livestock-associated antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and swine-origin influenza viruses with epidemic or pandemic potential. To better understand this population's occupational exposure to zoonotic pathogens, we conducted a community-driven qualitative research study in eastern North Carolina. We completed in-depth interviews with ten IHO workers and used thematic analysis to identify and analyze patterns of responses. Workers described direct and indirect occupational contact with hogs, with accompanying potential for dermal, ingestion, and inhalation exposures to zoonotic pathogens. Workers also described potential take-home pathways, wherein they could transfer livestock-associated pathogens and other contaminants from IHOs to their families and communities. Findings warrant future research, and suggest that more restrictive policies on antimicrobials, stronger health and safety regulations, and better policies and practices across all IHOs could afford greater protection against worker and take-home zoonotic pathogen exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Gigot
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Lowman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin A Ceryes
- Department of Health Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Devon J Hall
- Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help, Warsaw, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Community Science and Innovation for Environmental Justice Initiative, Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MA, USA
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Cheng G, Fang LX, Feng J, Li X, Wu Z. Editorial: Antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1362380. [PMID: 38322320 PMCID: PMC10844548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1362380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guyue Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang-xing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xunde Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zuowei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Yao X, Yin Q, Tian X, Zheng Y, Li H, Fu S, Lian Z, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhang W, He Y, Wang R, Wu B, Nie K, Xu S, Cheng J, Li X, Wang H, Liang G. Human and animal exposure to newly discovered sand fly viruses, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1291937. [PMID: 38235489 PMCID: PMC10791927 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1291937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Hedi virus (HEDV) and Wuxiang virus (WUXV) are newly discovered Bunyaviruses transmitted by sandflies. The geographical distribution of isolation of these two viruses continues to expand and it has been reported that WUXV causes neurological symptoms and even death in suckling mice. However, little is known about the prevalence of the two viruses in mammalian infections. Methods In order to understand the infection status of HEDV and WUXV in humans and animals from regions where the viruses have been isolated, this study used Western blotting to detect the positive rates of HEDV and WUXV IgG antibodies in serum samples from febrile patients, dogs, and chickens in the forementioned regions. Results The results showed that of the 29 human serum samples, 17.24% (5/29) tested positive for HEDV, while 68.96% (20/29) were positive for WUXV. In the 31 dog serum samples, 87.10% (27/31) were positive for HEDV and 70.97% (22/31) were positive for WUXV, while in the 36 chicken serum samples, 47.22% (17/36) were positive for HEDV, and 52.78% (19/36) were positive for WUXV. Discussion These findings suggest there are widespread infections of HEDV and WUXV in mammals (dogs, chickens) and humans from the regions where these viruses have been isolated. Moreover, the positive rate of HEDV infections was higher in local animals compared to that measured in human specimens. This is the first seroepidemiological study of these two sandfly-transmitted viruses. The findings of the study have practical implications for vector-borne viral infections and related zoonotic infections in China, as well as providing an important reference for studies on the relationship between sandfly-transmitted viruses and zoonotic infections outside of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yao
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qikai Yin
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of Vector Biology, Shanxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuke Zheng
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Yangquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangquan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shihong Fu
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Lian
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Wang
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Yangquan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangquan, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai Nie
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Songtao Xu
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Cheng
- Department of Vector Biology, Shanxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- Department of Arbovirus, National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Zhao J, Pang B, Liu C, Wang X, Chen S, Feng H, Kou Z, Wu T, Xu C, Yang L. Infections and Influencing Factors of Pathogens in Rattus norvegicus along the Zengjiang River in Guangzhou, China. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:46-54. [PMID: 38193886 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Rattus norvegicus can carry and transmit various zoonotic pathogens. Some studies were conducted to investigate a few zoonotic pathogens in Guangzhou, China, but no coinfections were investigated or specifically mentioned. Studies on the infections and the influencing factors of various zoonotic pathogens in R. norvegicus along the Zengjiang River in Guangzhou have not been carried out. Materials and Methods: In this study, R. norvegicus was captured in November 2020 and September 2021 along the Zengjiang River, and was tested for Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., Orientia tsutsugamushi, Borrelia burgdorferi, Hantavirus (HV), Ehrlichia spp., and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) by the RT-PCR. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the impact of habitat and demographic factors on the infections and coinfections of the surveyed pathogens. Results: In 119 R. norvegicus, the detection rates of Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., O. tsutsugamushi, B. burgdorferi, and HV were 46.2%, 31.9%, 5%, 0.8%, and 18.5%, respectively. Ehrlichia spp. and SFTSV were negative. The triple coinfection rate of Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., and HV was 11.8%. In addition, the coinfection of Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., and B. burgdorferi was 0.8%. Dual coinfection of Bartonella spp. and Leptospira spp., Leptospira spp. and HV, Bartonella spp. and O. tsutsugamushi, Leptospira spp. and O. tsutsugamushi, and HV and O. tsutsugamushi was 9.2%, 3.4%, 1.7%, 1.7%, and 0.8%, respectively. Infections of these pathogens in R. norvegicus were found in habitats of banana plantation, grassland, and bush. Weight affected the infection of Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., or HV in R. norvegicus. Conclusions: R. norvegicus along the Zengjiang River not only carried various potentially zoonotic pathogens but also had a variety of coinfections. Surveillance of the density and pathogens in R. norvegicus should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of relevant zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Feng
- Zengcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengqiang Kou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Taoyu Wu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Conghui Xu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Siddi G, Piras F, Meloni MP, Gymoese P, Torpdahl M, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Migoni M, Cabras D, Cuccu M, De Santis EPL, Scarano C. Hunted Wild Boars in Sardinia: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Analysis of Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica. Foods 2023; 13:65. [PMID: 38201093 PMCID: PMC10778173 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica prevalence in wild boars hunted in Sardinia and further characterize the isolates and analyse antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. In order to assess slaughtering hygiene, an evaluation of carcasses microbial contamination was also carried out. Between 2020 and 2022, samples were collected from 66 wild boars hunted during two hunting seasons from the area of two provinces in northern and central Sardinia (Italy). Samples collected included colon content samples, mesenteric lymph nodes samples and carcass surface samples. Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica detection was conducted on each sample; also, on carcass surface samples, total aerobic mesophilic count and Enterobacteriaceae count were evaluated. On Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility was tested and whole genome sequencing was applied. Salmonella was identified in the colon content samples of 3/66 (4.5%) wild boars; isolates were S. enterica subs. salamae, S. ser. elomrane and S. enterica subs. enterica. Y. enterocolitica was detected from 20/66 (30.3%) wild boars: in 18/66 (27.3%) colon contents, in 3/66 (4.5%) mesenteric lymph nodes and in 3/49 (6.1%) carcass surface samples. In all, 24 Y. enterocolitica isolates were analysed and 20 different sequence types were detected, with the most common being ST860. Regarding AMR, no resistance was detected in Salmonella isolates, while expected resistance towards β-lactams (blaA gene) and streptogramin (vatF gene) was observed in Y. enterocolitica isolates (91.7% and 4.2%, respectively). The low presence of AMR is probably due to the low anthropic impact in the wild areas. Regarding the surface contamination of carcasses, values (mean ± standard deviation log10 CFU/cm2) were 2.46 ± 0.97 for ACC and 1.07 ± 1.18 for Enterobacteriaceae. The results of our study confirm that wild boars can serve as reservoirs and spreaders of Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica; the finding of Y. enterocolitica presence on carcass surface highlights how meat may become superficially contaminated, especially considering that contamination is linked to the conditions related to the hunting, handling and processing of game animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Siddi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Francesca Piras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Maria Pina Meloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Pernille Gymoese
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Mia Torpdahl
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (P.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Mattia Migoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Daniela Cabras
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mario Cuccu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Enrico Pietro Luigi De Santis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Christian Scarano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.S.); (M.P.M.); (M.M.); (D.C.); (M.C.); (E.P.L.D.S.); (C.S.)
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9
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Kim KW, Pou S, Sunkara N, Baker MH. To Lick One's Wounds: A Case of Pasteurella canis oralis Osteomyelitis and Neisseria animaloris Infection from Canine Saliva. R I Med J (2013) 2023; 106:42-43. [PMID: 38015784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The complications of wound infections caused by animal related trauma are well known and explored. Of the numerous polymicrobial etiologies, Neisseria animaloris and Pasteurella canis oralis have been reported only in a limited number of cases. This manuscript explores the rare finding of these species in the case of an 83-year-old male with a diabetic foot wound complicated by infection from the saliva of his pet dog. The case highlights the first instance of P. canis oralis without the setting of a penetrating animal bite, emphasizing the vulnerability of open lesions in patients whose comorbidities impair proper wound healing. These bacteria are susceptible to beta-lactams with beta-lactamase inhibitors and can be treated once identified. It is crucial to recognize rare pathogens and initiate appropriate treatment early, and to emphasize proper wound care, especially in the context of pet interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Woo Kim
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sovijja Pou
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
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10
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Lu J, Long Y, Sun J, Gong L. Towards a comprehensive view of the herpes B virus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1281384. [PMID: 38035092 PMCID: PMC10687423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1281384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes B virus is a biosafety level 4 pathogen and widespread in its natural host species, macaques. Although most infected monkeys show asymptomatic or mild symptoms, human infections with this virus can cause serious neurological symptoms or fatal encephalomyelitis with a high mortality rate. Herpes B virus can be latent in the sensory ganglia of monkeys and humans, often leading to missed diagnoses. Furthermore, the herpes B virus has extensive antigen crossover with HSV, SA8, and HVP-2, causing false-positive results frequently. Timely diagnosis, along with methods with sensitivity and specificity, are urgent for research on the herpes B virus. The lack of a clear understanding of the host invasion and life cycle of the herpes B virus has led to slow progress in the development of effective vaccines and drugs. This review discusses the research progress and problems of the epidemiology of herpes B virus, detection methods and therapy, hoping to inspire further investigation into important factors associated with transmission of herpes B virus in macaques and humans, and arouse the development of effective vaccines or drugs, to promote the establishment of specific pathogen-free (SPF) monkeys and protect humans to effectively avoid herpes B virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Yiru Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Likun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
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11
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Tian S, Jiang BG, Liu WS, Chen HR, Gao ZH, Pu EN, Li YQ, Chen JJ, Fang LQ, Wang GL, Du CH, Wei YH. Zoonotic pathogens identified in rodents and shrews from four provinces, China, 2015-2022. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e174. [PMID: 37675640 PMCID: PMC10600915 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents and shrews are major reservoirs of various pathogens that are related to zoonotic infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate co-infections of zoonotic pathogens in rodents and shrews trapped in four provinces of China. We sampled different rodent and shrew communities within and around human settlements in four provinces of China and characterised several important zoonotic viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens by PCR methods and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 864 rodents and shrews belonging to 24 and 13 species from RODENTIA and EULIPOTYPHLA orders were captured, respectively. For viral pathogens, two species of hantavirus (Hantaan orthohantavirus and Caobang orthohantavirus) were identified in 3.47% of rodents and shrews. The overall prevalence of Bartonella spp., Anaplasmataceae, Babesia spp., Leptospira spp., Spotted fever group Rickettsiae, Borrelia spp., and Coxiella burnetii were 31.25%, 8.91%, 4.17%, 3.94%, 3.59%, 3.47%, and 0.58%, respectively. Furthermore, the highest co-infection status of three pathogens was observed among Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., and Anaplasmataceae with a co-infection rate of 0.46%. Our results suggested that species distribution and co-infections of zoonotic pathogens were prevalent in rodents and shrews, highlighting the necessity of active surveillance for zoonotic pathogens in wild mammals in wider regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tian
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Hou Gao
- Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control technology, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - En-Nian Pu
- Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control technology, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qiong Li
- Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control technology, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hong Du
- Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control technology, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Wei
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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12
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Srednik ME, Abatcha MG, Chiapparrone ML. Editorial: Antimicrobial resistance genomics in bacterial zoonotic pathogens. Front Genet 2023; 14:1277081. [PMID: 37674480 PMCID: PMC10478081 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1277081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela E. Srednik
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mustapha Goni Abatcha
- Veterinary Service Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Damaturu, Yobe, Nigeria
| | - María Laura Chiapparrone
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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López J, Mogedas M, Ballesteros C, Martín-Maldonado B, Sacristán I, García R, Ortiz JC, Esperón F. Infectious agents present in monk parakeet ( Myiopsitta monachus) and rose-ringed parakeet ( Psittacula krameri) invasive species in the parks of Madrid and Seville, Spain. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1162402. [PMID: 37609055 PMCID: PMC10441216 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1162402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The introduction of invasive species into an ecosystem could result in biodiversity loss and the spread of infectious agents that could cause re-emergent or emergent zoonotic diseases. Monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) and rose-ringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) are considered widespread invasive exotic species in urban habitats from the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of relevant infectious agents in wild parakeets captured in urban parks in Madrid and Seville (Spain). Methods A total of 81 cloacal samples were collected and analysed using molecular techniques. Results The prevalence of infectious agents varied between parakeet species: 9.5% of monk parakeets and 15% of rose-ringed parakeets were positive for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 13.3% of rose-ringed parakeets for avian influenza virus (AIV), 3.3% of rose-ringed parakeets for Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and a 23.8% of monk parakeets for Chlamydia psittaci. Discussion All C. psittaci-identified isolates were classified as B, E, or E/B genotypes, indicating transmission from wild urban pigeons to parakeets. These results highlight the need for monitoring parakeet populations due to the implications for human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan López
- Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio Avenida de la Universidad 1, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Consultoría para la Recuperación y Ordenación de la Fauna y su Ambiente S. L. (SCROFA), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mogedas
- Veterinary Faculty, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio Avenida de la Universidad 1, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ballesteros
- Servicio de Consultoría para la Recuperación y Ordenación de la Fauna y su Ambiente S. L. (SCROFA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Martín-Maldonado
- Servicio de Consultoría para la Recuperación y Ordenación de la Fauna y su Ambiente S. L. (SCROFA), Madrid, Spain
- Veterinary Department, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (SIC-INIA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Raúl García
- Servicio de Consultoría para la Recuperación y Ordenación de la Fauna y su Ambiente S. L. (SCROFA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ortiz
- Departamento de Fauna y Biodiversidad, Área de Gobierno de Medio Ambiente, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Esperón
- Veterinary Department, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Enabulele EE, Le Clec'h W, Roberts EK, Thompson CW, McDonough MM, Ferguson AW, Bradley RD, Anderson TJC, Platt RN. Prospecting for Zoonotic Pathogens by Using Targeted DNA Enrichment. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1566-1579. [PMID: 37486179 PMCID: PMC10370864 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.221818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 60 zoonoses are linked to small mammals, including some of the most devastating pathogens in human history. Millions of museum-archived tissues are available to understand natural history of those pathogens. Our goal was to maximize the value of museum collections for pathogen-based research by using targeted sequence capture. We generated a probe panel that includes 39,916 80-bp RNA probes targeting 32 pathogen groups, including bacteria, helminths, fungi, and protozoans. Laboratory-generated, mock-control samples showed that we are capable of enriching targeted loci from pathogen DNA 2,882‒6,746-fold. We identified bacterial species in museum-archived samples, including Bartonella, a known human zoonosis. These results showed that probe-based enrichment of pathogens is a highly customizable and efficient method for identifying pathogens from museum-archived tissues.
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15
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Abdugheni R, Li L, Yang ZN, Huang Y, Fang BZ, Shurigin V, Mohamad OAA, Liu YH, Li WJ. Microbial Risks Caused by Livestock Excrement: Current Research Status and Prospects. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1897. [PMID: 37630456 PMCID: PMC10456746 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock excrement is a major pollutant yielded from husbandry and it has been constantly imported into various related environments. Livestock excrement comprises a variety of microorganisms including certain units with health risks and these microorganisms are transferred synchronically during the management and utilization processes of livestock excrement. The livestock excrement microbiome is extensively affecting the microbiome of humans and the relevant environments and it could be altered by related environmental factors as well. The zoonotic microorganisms, extremely zoonotic pathogens, and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are posing threats to human health and environmental safety. In this review, we highlight the main feature of the microbiome of livestock excrement and elucidate the composition and structure of the repertoire of microbes, how these microbes transfer from different spots, and they then affect the microbiomes of related habitants as a whole. Overall, the environmental problems caused by the microbiome of livestock excrement and the potential risks it may cause are summarized from the microbial perspective and the strategies for prediction, prevention, and management are discussed so as to provide a reference for further studies regarding potential microbial risks of livestock excrement microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidin Abdugheni
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Yang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Vyacheslav Shurigin
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Osama Abdalla Abdelshafy Mohamad
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Yong-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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16
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Petrosyan V, Dinets V, Osipov F, Dergunova N, Khlyap L. Range Dynamics of Striped Field Mouse ( Apodemus agrarius) in Northern Eurasia under Global Climate Change Based on Ensemble Species Distribution Models. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1034. [PMID: 37508463 PMCID: PMC10376031 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771) is a widespread species in Northern Eurasia. It damages crops and carries zoonotic pathogens. Its current and future range expansion under climate change may negatively affect public health and the economy, warranting further research to understand the ecological and invasive characteristics of the species. In our study, we used seven algorithms (GLM, GAM, GBS, FDA, RF, ANN, and MaxEnt) to develop robust ensemble species distribution models (eSDMs) under current (1970-2000) and future climate conditions derived from global circulation models (GCMs) for 2021-2040, 2041-2060, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100. Simulation of climate change included high-, medium-, and low-sensitivity GCMs under four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). We analyzed the habitat suitability across GCMs and scenarios by constructing geographical ranges and calculating their centroids. The results showed that the range changes depended on both the sensitivity of GCMs and scenario. The main trends were range expansion to the northeast and partial loss of habitat in the steppe area. The striped field mouse may form a continuous range from Central Europe to East Asia, closing the range gap that has existed for 12 thousand years. We present 49 eSDMs for the current and future distribution of A. agrarius (for 2000-2100) with quantitative metrics (gain, loss, change) of the range dynamics under global climate change. The most important predictor variables determining eSDMs are mean annual temperature, mean diurnal range of temperatures, the highest temperature of the warmest month, annual precipitation, and precipitation in the coldest month. These findings could help limit the population of the striped field mouse and predict distribution of the species under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varos Petrosyan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir Dinets
- Psychology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Fedor Osipov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Natalia Dergunova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Khlyap
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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Anderson C, Baha H, Boghdeh N, Barrera M, Alem F, Narayanan A. Interactions of Equine Viruses with the Host Kinase Machinery and Implications for One Health and Human Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051163. [PMID: 37243249 DOI: 10.3390/v15051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens that are vector-transmitted have and continue to contribute to several emerging infections globally. In recent years, spillover events of such zoonotic pathogens have increased in frequency as a result of direct contact with livestock, wildlife, and urbanization, forcing animals from their natural habitats. Equines serve as reservoir hosts for vector-transmitted zoonotic viruses that are also capable of infecting humans and causing disease. From a One Health perspective, equine viruses, therefore, pose major concerns for periodic outbreaks globally. Several equine viruses have spread out of their indigenous regions, such as West Nile virus (WNV) and equine encephalitis viruses (EEVs), making them of paramount concern to public health. Viruses have evolved many mechanisms to support the establishment of productive infection and to avoid host defense mechanisms, including promoting or decreasing inflammatory responses and regulating host machinery for protein synthesis. Viral interactions with the host enzymatic machinery, specifically kinases, can support the viral infectious process and downplay innate immune mechanisms, cumulatively leading to a more severe course of the disease. In this review, we will focus on how select equine viruses interact with host kinases to support viral multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Anderson
- School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Haseebullah Baha
- School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Niloufar Boghdeh
- Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Michael Barrera
- School of Systems Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Farhang Alem
- Institute of Biohealth Innovation, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
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18
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Cocco A, Alessiani A, Salini R, Iapaolo F, Averaimo D, Pompilii C, Foschi G, Bellucci F, Iannino F, Dalla Villa P, Janowicz A, Caporale M. Detection of Potential Zoonotic Agents Isolated in Italian Shelters and the Assessment of Animal Welfare Correlation with Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050863. [PMID: 37237766 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Welfare conditions in shelters, where dogs might be housed for a long period of time, may have a possible correlation with the occurrence of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this study, we assessed the occurrence of AMR in 54 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from dogs housed in 15 Italian shelters and we correlated the resistance patterns to animal welfare. We also aimed to evaluate the presence of specific pathogens with zoonotic potential in sheltered dogs. Thus, nasopharyngeal, rectal, and oral swabs were collected from a group of 20 dogs in each shelter and totaled 758 swabs. We identified 9 Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, 1 Pasteurella multocida, 9 Staphylococcus aureus, 12 Campylobacter spp., 54 Escherichia coli, 2 Salmonella enterica, and 246 Capnocytophaga spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed for the E. coli isolates using a panel of 14 antibiotics. The highest level of relative AMR was recorded for ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole. The association found between AMR and the levels of animal welfare scores in shelters was evident although not statistically significant. These results support the hypothesis that the good management of shelters can increase the level of animal welfare, thus reducing the use of antibiotics and, as a consequence, the AMR occurrence found in dogs that share their domestic environment with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cocco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alessiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy
| | - Romolo Salini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Iapaolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Averaimo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Pompilii
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Foschi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bellucci
- Ministero della Salute, Direzione Generale della Sanità e dei Farmaci Veterinari, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Filomena Iannino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo Dalla Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Janowicz
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Caporale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise "G. Caporale", 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Masudi B, Litvinchuk T, Byrd J. Lactococcus garvieae in Rural Alabama: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e39560. [PMID: 37378249 PMCID: PMC10292092 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus (L.) garvieae is a gram-positive coccus that has been found in various aquatic and terrestrial animals, as well as in dairy products, and is considered a potential zoonotic bacterium. The pathogen has been recognized as an emerging opportunistic human pathogen, often associated with the ingestion of raw seafood. The most common presentation of L. garvieae infection in humans is infective endocarditis, but it has also been found to have associations with other clinical manifestations. The following is a case report of a 6-year-old male with infected bilateral leg abrasions that occurred after playing in a local creek near his home in northern Alabama, which had livestock including goats, cows, and horses. Wound culture indicated that the bacteria was L. garvieae, which was found to be sensitive to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, linezolid, tetracycline, tigecycline, and vancomycin and resistant to clindamycin. The patient was treated with oral cephalexin and topical gentamicin for ten days, after which there appeared to be an overall improvement in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Masudi
- Osteopathic Medical Student-III, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | | | - Jessica Byrd
- Pediatrics, Hellen Keller Hospital, Sheffield, USA
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Krishnan SR, Soares RRG, Madaboosi N, Gromiha MM. AutoPLP: A Padlock Probe Design Pipeline for Zoonotic Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:459-469. [PMID: 36790094 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of novel zoonotic infections among the human population has increased the burden on global healthcare systems to curb their spread. To meet the evolutionary agility of pathogens, it is essential to revamp the existing diagnostic methods for early detection and characterization of the pathogens at the molecular level. Padlock probes (PLPs), which can leverage the power of isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAAT) such as rolling circle amplification (RCA), are known for their high sensitivity and specificity in detecting a diverse pathogen panel of interest. However, due to the complexity involved in deciding the target regions for PLP design and the need for optimization of multiple experimental parameters, the applicability of RCA has been limited in point-of-care testing for pathogen detection. To address this gap, we have developed a novel and integrated PLP design pipeline named AutoPLP, which can automate the probe design process for a diverse pathogen panel of interest. The pipeline is composed of three modules which can perform sequence data curation, multiple sequence alignment, conservation analysis, filtration based on experimental parameters (Tm, GC content, and secondary structure formation), and in silico probe validation via potential cross-hybridization check with host genome. The modules can also take into account the backbone and restriction site information, appropriate combinations of which are incorporated along with the probe arms to design a complete probe sequence. The potential applications of AutoPLP are showcased through the design of PLPs for the detection of rabies virus and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.,TCS Research (Life Sciences Division), Tata Consultancy Services, Hyderabad 500081, India
| | - Ruben R G Soares
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna SE-17121, Sweden
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Protein Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.,International Research Frontiers Initiative, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Jota Baptista C, Oliveira PA, Gonzalo-Orden JM, Seixas F. Do Urban Hedgehogs ( Erinaceus europaeus) Represent a Relevant Source of Zoonotic Diseases? Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020268. [PMID: 36839540 PMCID: PMC9961789 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban fauna is defined as animal species that can live in urban environments. Several species, including the western-European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), have now been identified as part of this urban fauna, becoming permanent residents of parks and gardens in different cities across Europe. Due to the importance that this phenomenon represents for zoonotic disease surveillance, several authors have been conducting zoonotic agents' surveys on hedgehog. The aim of this study is to compare zoonotic diseases' prevalence in hedgehogs in urban environments with those from more rural areas. A systematic review with meta-analysis of twelve studied of zoonotic diseases' (in urban and rural areas of Europe) was therefore conducted for this purpose. Fifteen different zoonoses have been assessed in urban environments and six in rural areas. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was the most prevalent zoonotic agent found in urban habitats (96%). Dermatophytosis shows statistically significant differences between locations (p-value < 0.001), with a higher prevalence in urban Poland (55%; n = 182). Our results suggest further research and a standardized monitoring of different hedgehog populations are essential to understanding the epidemiology of several zoonotic pathogens in different habitat types (urban, rural, natural, industrial, etc.) and preventing possible disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Jota Baptista
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.J.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Center (CECAV), AL4Animals, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.J.B.); (F.S.)
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Zhao J, Dellicour S, Yan Z, Veit M, Gill MS, He WT, Zhai X, Ji X, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Su S. Early Genomic Surveillance and Phylogeographic Analysis of Getah Virus, a Reemerging Arbovirus, in Livestock in China. J Virol 2023; 97:e0109122. [PMID: 36475767 PMCID: PMC9888209 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01091-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) mainly causes disease in livestock and may pose an epidemic risk due to its expanding host range and the potential of long-distance dispersal through animal trade. Here, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to identify GETV as the pathogen responsible for reemerging swine disease in China and subsequently estimated key epidemiological parameters using phylodynamic and spatially-explicit phylogeographic approaches. The GETV isolates were able to replicate in a variety of cell lines, including human cells, and showed high pathogenicity in a mouse model, suggesting the potential for more mammal hosts. We obtained 16 complete genomes and 79 E2 gene sequences from viral strains collected in China from 2016 to 2021 through large-scale surveillance among livestock, pets, and mosquitoes. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that three major GETV lineages are responsible for the current epidemic in livestock in China. We identified three potential positively selected sites and mutations of interest in E2, which may impact the transmissibility and pathogenicity of the virus. Phylodynamic inference of the GETV demographic dynamics identified an association between livestock meat consumption and the evolution of viral genetic diversity. Finally, phylogeographic reconstruction of GETV dispersal indicated that the sampled lineages have preferentially circulated within areas associated with relatively higher mean annual temperature and pig population density. Our results highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of GETV among livestock in southern Chinese regions associated with relatively high temperatures. IMPORTANCE Although livestock is known to be the primary reservoir of Getah virus (GETV) in Asian countries, where identification is largely based on serology, the evolutionary history and spatial epidemiology of GETV in these regions remain largely unknown. Through our sequencing efforts, we provided robust support for lineage delineation of GETV and identified three major lineages that are responsible for the current epidemic in livestock in China. We further analyzed genomic and epidemiological data to reconstruct the recent demographic and dispersal history of GETV in domestic animals in China and to explore the impact of environmental factors on its genetic diversity and its diffusion. Notably, except for livestock meat consumption, other pig-related factors such as the evolution of live pig transport and pork production do not show a significant association with the evolution of viral genetic diversity, pointing out that further studies should investigate the potential contribution of other host species to the GETV outbreak. Our analysis of GETV demonstrates the need for wider animal species surveillance and provides a baseline for future studies of the molecular epidemiology and early warning of emerging arboviruses in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ziqing Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Veit
- Institute for Virology, Center for Infection Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandev S. Gill
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wan-Ting He
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science & Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuo Su
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
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Tadele F, Demissie B, Amsalu A, Demelash H, Mengist Z, Ambelu A, Yenew C. Aflatoxin contamination of animal feeds and its predictors among dairy farms in Northwest Ethiopia: One Health approach implications. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1123573. [PMID: 37035821 PMCID: PMC10076730 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1123573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In dairy farming, animal feed is the first line of food safety. Animal feed can become contaminated and spoiled on farms or in storage facilities due to the diverse microorganisms that are naturally present around or on various animal feeds. This study aims to assess the level of aflatoxin and predictors in animal feeds among dairy farms in the South Gondar Zone of Ethiopia. Methods A total of 100 samples of each animal feed ingredient (atella, hay, commercial concentrates, and cut and carry pasture) were obtained. A total of 400 animal feed ingredient samples were tested separately among 100 randomly chosen dairy farmers for aflatoxin analysis. Simultaneously, swabs from cow udders and water samples were also collected. Using a structured and pretested questionnaire, the knowledge and practices of animal feed administrators responsible for managing animal feed were also evaluated. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to identify determinants. Results From the total animal feed analyzed, 96% was positive for aflatoxins. Feed storage facilities, feed storage duration, education of animal feed administrators, mixed concentrates, and previous training were found to be associated with aflatoxin contamination levels in animal feeds. Conclusions The levels of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds were found to be higher than the recommended limit; these findings suggest the spread of aflatoxin contamination between humans and animals. Furthermore, the occurrence of aflatoxins in the environment results from milk becoming contaminated with aflatoxins. A One Health strategy should therefore receive special consideration to tackle such problems and safeguard consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitalew Tadele
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk Demissie
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Amsalu
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Demelash
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Mengist
- Department of Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mekelle University, Mek'ele, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Division of Water and Health, Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Chalachew Yenew
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Gondar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Chalachew Yenew
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Cuperus T, de Vries A, Jaarsma RI, Sprong H, Maas M. Occurrence of Rickettsia spp., Hantaviridae, Bartonella spp. and Leptospira spp. in European Moles ( Talpa europaea) from the Netherlands. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010041. [PMID: 36677332 PMCID: PMC9861085 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The European mole (Talpa europaea) has a widespread distribution throughout Europe. However, little is known about the presence of zoonotic pathogens in European moles. We therefore tested 180 moles from the middle and the south of the Netherlands by (q)PCR for the presence of multiple (tick-borne) zoonotic pathogens. Spotted fever Rickettsia was found in one (0.6%), Leptospira spp. in three (1.7%), Bartonella spp. in 69 (38.3%) and Hantaviridae in 89 (49.4%) of the 180 moles. Infections with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Borrelia spp., Spiroplasma spp. and Francisella tularensis were not found. In addition, in a subset of 35 moles no antibodies against Tick-borne encephalitis virus were found. The obtained sequences of Bartonella spp. were closely related to Bartonella spp. sequences from moles in Spain and Hungary. The Hantaviridae were identified as the mole-borne Nova virus, with high sequence similarity to sequences from other European countries, and Bruges virus. Though the zoonotic risk from moles appears limited, our results indicate that these animals do play a role in multiple host-pathogen cycles.
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Pinto DS, Prithvisagar KS, Rohit A, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I, Kumar BK. Genome analysis of clinical isolate of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus MMM01 from India reveals genetic determinants of pathogenesis and adaptation. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:332-344. [PMID: 36370369 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study we report the whole genome sequencing (WGS) based analysis of blood-borne Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus MMM01 isolated from a diabetic patient to obtain deeper insights in to the virulence and host adaptability. The sequenced genome of C. fetus subsp. fetus MMM01 along with reference genomes retrieved from NCBI was subjected to various in-silico analysis including JSpecies, MLST server, PATRIC server, VFanalyzer, CARD, PHASTER to understand their phylogenetic relation, virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile. The genome had a size of 1,788,790 bp, with a GC content of 33.09%, nearly identical to the reference strain C. fetus subsp. fetus 82-40. The MLST based phylogenetic tree constructed revealed the polyphyletic branching and MMM01 (ST25) was found to be closely related to ST11, both belong to the sap-A serotype which are more common in human infections. VFanalyzer identified 88 protein-coding genes coding for several virulence factors including Campylobacter adhesion to fibronectin, flagellar apparatus, cytolethal distending toxin operons and Campylobacter invasion antigen proteins which enhance the virulence of bacteria along with resistance genes against antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside in MMM01, which points to enhanced survival and pathogenicity of this zoonotic pathogen. It was interesting to find that MMM01 lacked FGI-II island found in most of the clinical isolates, which encoded CRISPR Cas and prophage II regions. More details about the complexity and evolution of this zoonotic pathogen could be learned from future studies that concentrate on comparative genome analysis using larger genome datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sebastian Pinto
- 1Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Kattapuni Suresh Prithvisagar
- 1Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha Rohit
- 2Department of Microbiology, The Madras Medical Mission, Mogappair, Chennai-600037, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- 1Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- 1Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- 1Nitte (Deemed to be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Deralakatte, Mangaluru-575018, Karnataka, India
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Davies YM, Cunha MPV, Dropa M, Lincopan N, Gomes VTM, Moreno LZ, Sato MIZ, Moreno AM, Knöbl T. Pandemic Clones of CTX-M-15 Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST15, ST147, and ST307 in Companion Parrots. Microorganisms 2022; 10. [PMID: 35889131 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Psittacine birds are commonly kept as companion birds and the maintenance of these birds in captivity may represent a zoonotic risk and contribute to the propagation of multidrug-resistant and β-lactamase extended-spectrum (ESBLs)-producing pathogens. This study aimed to identify and characterize strains of the Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolated from diseased psittacine birds, determining virulence and resistance profiles. K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from 16 birds (16/46). All strains carried more than three virulence genes, with a high frequency of fimH and kpn (93.75%), uge (87.52%), and irp-2 (81.25%) genes. The antimicrobial susceptibility revealed that 3/16 strains were ESBL producers. Genomic analysis revealed that CTX-M-15-positive strains belonged to sequence types (STs) ST15, ST147, and ST307, characterized as international clones associated with outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) worldwide.
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McKee CD, Islam A, Rahman MZ, Khan SU, Rahman M, Satter SM, Islam A, Yinda CK, Epstein JH, Daszak P, Munster VJ, Hudson PJ, Plowright RK, Luby SP, Gurley ES. Nipah Virus Detection at Bat Roosts after Spillover Events, Bangladesh, 2012-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1384-1392. [PMID: 35731130 PMCID: PMC9239894 DOI: 10.3201/eid2807.212614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the dynamics and genetic diversity of Nipah virus circulating in bats and at the human-animal interface is limited by current sampling efforts, which produce few detections of viral RNA. We report a series of investigations at Pteropus medius bat roosts identified near the locations of human Nipah cases in Bangladesh during 2012–2019. Pooled bat urine was collected from 23 roosts; 7 roosts (30%) had >1 sample in which Nipah RNA was detected from the first visit. In subsequent visits to these 7 roosts, RNA was detected in bat urine up to 52 days after the presumed exposure of the human case-patient, although the probability of detection declined rapidly with time. These results suggest that rapidly deployed investigations of Nipah virus shedding from bat roosts near human cases could increase the success of viral sequencing compared with background surveillance and could enhance understanding of Nipah virus ecology and evolution.
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Libera K, Konieczny K, Grabska J, Szopka W, Augustyniak A, Pomorska-Mól M. Selected Livestock-Associated Zoonoses as a Growing Challenge for Public Health. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:63-81. [PMID: 35076534 PMCID: PMC8788295 DOI: 10.3390/idr14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review the most significant livestock-associated zoonoses. Human and animal health are intimately connected. This idea has been known for more than a century but now it has gained special importance because of the increasing threat from zoonoses. Zoonosis is defined as any infection naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans. As the frequency and prevalence of zoonotic diseases increase worldwide, they become a real threat to public health. In addition, many of the newly discovered diseases have a zoonotic origin. Due to globalization and urbanization, some of these diseases have already spread all over the world, caused by the international flow of goods, people, and animals. However, special attention should be paid to farm animals since, apart from the direct contact, humans consume their products, such as meat, eggs, and milk. Therefore, zoonoses such as salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, swine and avian influenza, Q fever, brucellosis, STEC infections, and listeriosis are crucial for both veterinary and human medicine. Consequently, in the suspicion of any zoonoses outbreak, the medical and veterinary services should closely cooperate to protect the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Libera
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Kacper Konieczny
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Julia Grabska
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (J.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Wiktoria Szopka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (J.G.); (W.S.)
| | - Agata Augustyniak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (K.L.); (A.A.)
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Black Z, Balta I, Black L, Naughton PJ, Dooley JSG, Corcionivoschi N. The Fate of Foodborne Pathogens in Manure Treated Soil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:781357. [PMID: 34956145 PMCID: PMC8702830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to provide an update on the complex relationship between manure application, altered pathogen levels and antibiotic resistance. This is necessary to protect health and improve the sustainability of this major farming practice in agricultural systems based on high levels of manure production. It is important to consider soil health in relation to environment and land management practices in the context of the soil microflora and the introduction of pathogens on the health of the soil microbiome. Viable pathogens in manure spread on agricultural land may be distributed by leaching, surface run-off, water source contamination and contaminated crop removal. Thus it is important to understand how multiple pathogens can persist in manures and on soil at farm-scale and how crops produced under these conditions could be a potential transfer route for zoonotic pathogens. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure is a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection with Escherichia coli, Listeria Salmonella, and Campylobacter. The ability of Campylobacter, E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella to combat environmental stress coupled with their survival on food crops and vegetables post-harvest emphasizes the need for further study of these pathogens along with the emerging pathogen Providencia given its link to disease in the immunocompromised and its’ high levels of antibiotic resistance. The management of pathogen load within livestock manure has been widely recognized as a potential mechanism for the reduction and prevention of outbreaks infection but any studies undertaken should be considered as region specific due to the variable nature of the factors influencing pathogen content and survival in manures and soil. Mediocre soils that require nutrients could be one template for research on manure inputs and their influence on soil health and on pathogen survival on grassland and in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Black
- Grassland and Plant Sciences Branch, AFBI Crossnacreevy, Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Igori Balta
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lisa Black
- Grassland and Plant Sciences Branch, AFBI Crossnacreevy, Sustainable Agri-Food Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Naughton
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - James S G Dooley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
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30
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Liang P, Wang M, Gottschalk M, Vela AI, Estrada AA, Wang J, Du P, Luo M, Zheng H, Wu Z. Genomic and pathogenic investigations of Streptococcus suis serotype 7 population derived from a human patient and pigs. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1960-1974. [PMID: 34635002 PMCID: PMC8525962 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1988725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is one of the important emerging zoonotic pathogens. Serotype 2 is most prevalent in patients worldwide. In the present study, we first isolated one S. suis serotype 7 strain GX69 from the blood culture of a patient with septicemia complicated with pneumonia in China. In order to deepen the understanding of S. suis serotype 7 population characteristics, we investigated the phylogenetic structure, genomic features, and virulence of S. suis serotype 7 population, including 35 strains and 79 genomes. Significant diversities were revealed in S. suis serotype 7 population, which were clustered into 22 sequence types (STs), five minimum core genome (MCG) groups, and six lineages. Lineages 1, 3a, and 6 were mainly constituted by genomes from Asia. Genomes of Lineages 2, 3b, and 5a were mainly from Northern America. Most of genomes from Europe (41/48) were clustered into Lineage 5b. In addition to strain GX69, 13 of 21 S. suis serotype 7 representative strains were classified as virulent strains using the C57BL/6 mouse model. Virulence-associated genes preferentially present in highly pathogenic S. suis serotype 2 strains were not suitable as virulence indicators for S. suis serotype 7 strains. Integrative mobilizable elements were widespread and may play a critical role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes of S. suis serotype 7 strains. Our study confirmed S. suis serotype 7 is a non-negligible pathotype and deepened the understanding of the population structure of S. suis serotype 7, which provided valuable information for the improved surveillance of this serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliu Wang
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana I. Vela
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria and Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - April A. Estrada
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Luo
- Yulin Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yulin, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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31
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Manhas PK, Quintela IA, Wu VCH. Enhanced Detection of Major Pathogens and Toxins in Poultry and Livestock With Zoonotic Risks Using Nanomaterials-Based Diagnostics. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:673718. [PMID: 34164454 PMCID: PMC8215196 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.673718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained prominence over the recent years in multiple research and application fields, including infectious diseases in healthcare, agriculture, and veterinary science. It remains an attractive and viable option for preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases in animals and humans. The apparent efficiency of nanomaterials is due to their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. With the persistence of pathogens and toxins in the poultry and livestock industries, rapid diagnostic tools are of utmost importance. Though there are many promising nanomaterials-based diagnostic tests specific to animal disease-causing agents, many have not achieved balanced sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness. This mini-review explores several types of nanomaterials, which provided enhancement on the sensitivity and specificity of recently reported diagnostic tools related to animal diseases. Recommendations are also provided to facilitate more targeted animal populations into the development of future diagnostic tools specifically for emerging and re-emerging animal diseases posing zoonotic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya K Manhas
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Irwin A Quintela
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Vivian C H Wu
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA, United States
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32
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Dedkov VG, Magassouba N, Stukolova OA, Savina VA, Camara J, Soropogui B, Safonova MV, Semizhon P, Platonov AE. Differential Laboratory Diagnosis of Acute Fever in Guinea: Preparedness for the Threat of Hemorrhagic Fevers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6022. [PMID: 34205104 PMCID: PMC8199941 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute febrile illnesses occur frequently in Guinea. Acute fever itself is not a unique, hallmark indication (pathognomonic sign) of any one illness or disease. In the infectious disease context, fever's underlying cause can be a wide range of viral or bacterial pathogens, including the Ebola virus. In this study, molecular and serological methods were used to analyze samples from patients hospitalized with acute febrile illness in various regions of Guinea. This analysis was undertaken with the goal of accomplishing differential diagnosis (determination of causative pathogen) in such cases. As a result, a number of pathogens, both viral and bacterial, were identified in Guinea as causative agents behind acute febrile illness. In approximately 60% of the studied samples, however, a definitive determination could not be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G. Dedkov
- Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.E.P.)
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - N’Faly Magassouba
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Projet de Recherche sur les Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, 001 B1568 Conakry, Guinea; (N.M.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Olga A. Stukolova
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 111123 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victoria A. Savina
- Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.E.P.)
| | - Jakob Camara
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Projet de Recherche sur les Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, 001 B1568 Conakry, Guinea; (N.M.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Barrè Soropogui
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Projet de Recherche sur les Fièvres Hémorragiques en Guinée, 001 B1568 Conakry, Guinea; (N.M.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Marina V. Safonova
- Anti-Plague Center, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Semizhon
- The Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 220114 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Alexander E. Platonov
- Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.A.S.); (A.E.P.)
- Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 111123 Moscow, Russia;
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33
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Wiemeyer GM, Plaza PI, Bustos CP, Muñoz AJ, Lambertucci SA. Exposure to Anthropogenic Areas May Influence Colonization by Zoonotic Microorganisms in Scavenging Birds. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5231. [PMID: 34069136 PMCID: PMC8156487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wild bird species have commonly been implicated as potential vectors of pathogens to other species, humans included. However, the habitat where birds live could influence the probability to acquire these pathogens. Here, we evaluated if the characteristics of the environment used by obligate scavenging birds (vultures) influence their colonization by zoonotic pathogens. For this, we particularly focused on Salmonella spp., a zoonotic pathogen commonly present in bird species. The occurrence of this bacteria was evaluated in free ranging Andean condors (Vultur gryphus) using natural environments from Argentina and compared with those obtained from condors under human care. In addition, we compared our results with those reported for other wild vultures using natural and anthropized environments at a global scale. We did not find Salmonella spp. in samples of wild condors. Captive condor samples presented Salmonella spp. with an occurrence of 2.8%, and one isolate of Meticilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, among other potential pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, some species of free ranging vultures from diverse geographical areas using anthropized environments tend to present higher occurrences of Salmonella spp. These results highlight the importance of pristine ecosystems to protect vultures' health toward pathogenic microorganisms that can produce disease in these birds, but also in other species. We call for more studies evaluating differences in occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in vultures according to the quality of the environment they use. Even when vultures have not been implicated in zoonotic pathogen spread, our results add information to evaluate potential events of pathogen spillover between vultures and from these birds to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo María Wiemeyer
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, San Carlos de Bariloche 1250 (R8400FRF), Argentina; (P.I.P.); (S.A.L.)
- The Peregrine Fund, 5668 West Flying Hawk Lane, Boise, ID 83709, USA
- Buenos Aires Zoo, República de la India 3000, CABA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1425, Argentina
- Hospital Escuela, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1427, Argentina
| | - Pablo Ignacio Plaza
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, San Carlos de Bariloche 1250 (R8400FRF), Argentina; (P.I.P.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Carla Paola Bustos
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio Escuela Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1427, Argentina; (C.P.B.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alejandra Jimena Muñoz
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Laboratorio Escuela Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires CP1427, Argentina; (C.P.B.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Sergio Agustín Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, San Carlos de Bariloche 1250 (R8400FRF), Argentina; (P.I.P.); (S.A.L.)
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34
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Abstract
The emergence and spread of infectious diseases with pandemic potential occurred regularly throughout history. Major pandemics and epidemics such as plague, cholera, flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have already afflicted humanity. The world is now facing the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many infectious diseases leading to pandemics are caused by zoonotic pathogens that were transmitted to humans due to increased contacts with animals through breeding, hunting and global trade activities. The understanding of the mechanisms of transmission of pathogens to humans allowed the establishment of methods to prevent and control infections. During centuries, implementation of public health measures such as isolation, quarantine and border control helped to contain the spread of infectious diseases and maintain the structure of the society. In the absence of pharmaceutical interventions, these containment methods have still been used nowadays to control COVID-19 pandemic. Global surveillance programs of water-borne pathogens, vector-borne diseases and zoonotic spillovers at the animal-human interface are of prime importance to rapidly detect the emergence of infectious threats. Novel technologies for rapid diagnostic testing, contact tracing, drug repurposing, biomarkers of disease severity as well as new platforms for the development and production of vaccines are needed for an effective response in case of pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne Piret
- CHU de Québec - Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- CHU de Québec - Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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35
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Souza DSM, Tápparo DC, Rogovski P, Cadamuro RD, de Souza EB, da Silva R, Degenhardt R, Lindner JDD, Viancelli A, Michelon W, Kunz A, Treichel H, Hernández M, Rodríguez-Lázaro D, Fongaro G. Hepatitis E Virus in Manure and Its Removal by Psychrophilic anaerobic Biodigestion in Intensive Production Farms, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2018-2019. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122045. [PMID: 33371202 PMCID: PMC7766788 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important enteric agent that can circulate in swine; it is excreted in manure, and of zoonotic interest. The present study investigated, by RT-qPCR, the circulation of HEV in swine manure from different types of pig farms (maternity, nursery, and grow-finish farms) in Santa Catarina State, the major pig production area of Brazil, and also evaluated the HEV removal efficiency of psychrophilic anaerobic biodigesters (PABs). While HEV was consistently detected in manure from grow-finish pig farms (>4 log HEV genome copies (GC) L−1), the virus was not detected in manure from maternity and nursery farms. These findings suggest a potential high biosafety status during primary-swine production, with a subsequent contamination in grow-finish production. The anaerobic biodigestion process reduced more than 2 log10 HEV GC in the processed swine manure. However, the virus concentration in final effluent remained high, with an average value of 3.85 log10 HEV GC L−1. Consequently, our results demonstrate that PABs can be a robust tool for effective inactivation of HEV, while reinforcing the need for sanitary surveillance and legislation of swine manure-derived biofertilizers, to avoid the spread of zoonotic enteric pathogens such as HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil; (R.D.); (J.D.D.L.)
| | | | - Paula Rogovski
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Estêvão Brasiliense de Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Raphael da Silva
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
| | - Roberto Degenhardt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil; (R.D.); (J.D.D.L.)
| | - Juliano De Dea Lindner
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil; (R.D.); (J.D.D.L.)
| | - Aline Viancelli
- PMPECSA-UnC, University of Contestado, Concórdia, SC 89711-330, Brazil; (A.V.); (W.M.)
| | - William Michelon
- PMPECSA-UnC, University of Contestado, Concórdia, SC 89711-330, Brazil; (A.V.); (W.M.)
| | - Airton Kunz
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC 89715-899, Brazil;
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocesses, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim, RS 99700-970, Brazil;
| | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, 47071 Valladolid, Spain;
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, 47071 Valladolid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (D.R.-L.); (G.F.); Tel.: +34-637-451-110 (D.R.-L.)
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; (D.S.M.S.); (P.R.); (R.D.C.); (E.B.d.S.); (R.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.R.-L.); (G.F.); Tel.: +34-637-451-110 (D.R.-L.)
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36
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Mota MI, Vázquez S, Cornejo C, D'Alessandro B, Braga V, Caetano A, Betancor L, Varela G. Does Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes Contribute Significantly to the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance in Uruguay? Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:583930. [PMID: 33240959 PMCID: PMC7677299 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.583930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes are worldwide recognized zoonotic pathogens. Recent reports have emerged about the circulation of antimicrobial-resistant STEC and L. monocytogenes isolates. To assess the frequency of antimicrobial resistance and related genes in these pathogens, we studied 45 STEC and 50 L. monocytogenes isolates locally recovered from different sources. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk-diffusion method, and the genomic sequences of three selected STEC and from all 50 L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed for antibiotic resistance genes. Four STEC and three L. monocytogenes isolates were phenotypically resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. Resistance genes aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, bla T EM-1B, sul2, mef (A), and tet(A) were found in a human STEC ampicillin-resistant isolate. All L. monocytogenes isolates harbored fosX, lin, mdrL, lde fepA, and norB. Overall resistance in L. monocytogenes and STEC was low or middle. However, the high load of resistance genes found, even in susceptible isolates, suggests that these pathogens could contribute to the burden of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Mota
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sylvia Vázquez
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Cornejo
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno D'Alessandro
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Braga
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Caetano
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Betancor
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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37
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Onyuok SO, Hu B, Li B, Fan Y, Kering K, Ochola GO, Zheng XS, Obanda V, Ommeh S, Yang XL, Agwanda B, Shi ZL. Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Novel RNA Viruses in Wild and Synanthropic Rodents and Shrews in Kenya. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2696. [PMID: 31824465 PMCID: PMC6881279 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of emerging and reemerging zoonotic viral pathogens are RNA viruses. Pathogen discovery programs of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in wildlife have implicated rodents and shrews as hosts of diverse human pathogens, such as hantaviruses, arenaviruses, paramyxoviruses, etc. Despite these threats, little is known about the diversity of viruses circulating among rodents and shrews in Kenya, meaning the risk of infectious disease outbreak from these small mammals could be oblivious. This study reports the first surveillance toward understanding the diversity of RNA viruses carried by rodents and shrews in areas of high-potential contact with humans in Kenya through molecular detection. A total of 617 samples comprising fecal, urine, and tissues from 138 rodents and 5 shrews were screened for eight different families of viruses using RT-PCR assays. The results highlight the presence of diverse astroviruses, paramyxoviruses, hepeviruses, and arenavirus, circulating in both wild and synanthropic Kenyan rodents and shrews. Most of the viruses detected in this study are novel strains and some belong to the families that contain important human viral pathogens. Notably, a novel arenavirus was detected in Grammomys macmillani, a rodent species newly identified to harbor arenavirus, and it potentially represent a novel arenavirus species. Our findings demonstrate the need for continued pathogen surveillance among these small mammals as well as among the vulnerable and exposed livestock and humans. This would help in development and implementation of effective preventive and control strategies on EIDs in countries with rich wildlife biodiversity like Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Omondi Onyuok
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Mammalogy Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Kelvin Kering
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Griphin Ochieng Ochola
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Mammalogy Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sheila Ommeh
- Institute of Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xing-Lou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bernard Agwanda
- Mammalogy Section, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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38
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Velikova N. The VraSR regulatory system contributes to virulence in Streptococcus suis via resistance to innate immune defenses. Virulence 2018; 9:681-682. [PMID: 29405824 PMCID: PMC5955441 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1430466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Velikova
- a Host-microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences Department , Wageningen University , De Elst 1, Wageningen , The Netherlands
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39
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Laurimäe T, Kinkar L, Moks E, Romig T, Omer RA, Casulli A, Umhang G, Bagrade G, Irshadullah M, Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Ponce-Gordo F, Soriano SV, Varcasia A, Rostami-Nejad M, Andresiuk V, Saarma U. Molecular phylogeny based on six nuclear genes suggests that Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes G6/G7 and G8/G10 can be regarded as two distinct species. Parasitology 2018; 145:1929-37. [PMID: 29781421 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182018000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the species complex of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) are the cause of a severe zoonotic disease - cystic echinococcosis, which is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases in humans and is prioritized by the World Health Organization. A stable taxonomy of E. granulosus s. l. is essential to the medical and veterinary communities for accurate and effective communication of the role of different species in this complex on human and animal health. E. granulosus s. l. displays high genetic diversity and has been divided into different species and genotypes. Despite several decades of research, the taxonomy of E. granulosus s. l. has remained controversial, especially the species status of genotypes G6-G10. Here the Bayesian phylogeny based on six nuclear loci (7387 bp in total) demonstrated, with very high support, the clustering of G6/G7 and G8/G10 into two separate clades. According to the evolutionary species concept, G6/G7 and G8/G10 can be regarded as two distinct species. Species differentiation can be attributed to the association with distinct host species, largely separate geographical distribution and low level of cross-fertilization. These factors have limited the gene flow between genotypic groups G6/G7 and G8/G10, resulting in the formation of distinct species. We discuss ecological and epidemiological differences that support the validity of these species.
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40
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Lama JK, Bachoon DS. Detection of Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Escherichia coli Strains in Feral Pig (Sus scrofa) Communities of Georgia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:350-355. [PMID: 29698123 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are an environmentally destructive invasive species that act as a reservoir for zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, and of Escherichia coli in feces of feral pigs from Georgia. Fecal samples were collected from 87 feral pigs from forested and agricultural regions of Georgia. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to screen for each of the four pathogens. The qPCR assays indicated that B. suis and eaeA-containing strains of E. coli was present in about 22% and 28% of the samples, respectively. C. jejuni was undetected in any of the feral pig fecal samples. The incidence of B. suis was higher in the pigs from forested region, whereas E. coli strains possessing eaeA gene incidence was higher in the pigs from agricultural regions. In Georgia, feral pigs harbor infectious agents and are a growing threat to the transmission of pathogens to native wildlife, humans, and food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti K Lama
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University , Milledgeville, Georgia
| | - Dave S Bachoon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University , Milledgeville, Georgia
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41
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Cantlay JC, Ingram DJ, Meredith AL. A Review of Zoonotic Infection Risks Associated with the Wild Meat Trade in Malaysia. Ecohealth 2017; 14:361-388. [PMID: 28332127 PMCID: PMC5486459 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The overhunting of wildlife for food and commercial gain presents a major threat to biodiversity in tropical forests and poses health risks to humans from contact with wild animals. Using a recent survey of wildlife offered at wild meat markets in Malaysia as a basis, we review the literature to determine the potential zoonotic infection risks from hunting, butchering and consuming the species offered. We also determine which taxa potentially host the highest number of pathogens and discuss the significant disease risks from traded wildlife, considering how cultural practices influence zoonotic transmission. We identify 51 zoonotic pathogens (16 viruses, 19 bacteria and 16 parasites) potentially hosted by wildlife and describe the human health risks. The Suidae and the Cervidae families potentially host the highest number of pathogens. We conclude that there are substantial gaps in our knowledge of zoonotic pathogens and recommend performing microbial food safety risk assessments to assess the hazards of wild meat consumption. Overall, there may be considerable zoonotic risks to people involved in the hunting, butchering or consumption of wild meat in Southeast Asia, and these should be considered in public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Caroline Cantlay
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
- Independent Researcher, Unit 6301, No 1, Lane 600, Central Yincheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daniel J Ingram
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9GQ, UK
| | - Anna L Meredith
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
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42
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Kinkar L, Laurimäe T, Simsek S, Balkaya I, Casulli A, Manfredi MT, Ponce-Gordo F, Varcasia A, Lavikainen A, González LM, Rehbein S, VAN DER Giessen J, Sprong H, Saarma U. High-resolution phylogeography of zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotype G1 with an emphasis on its distribution in Turkey, Italy and Spain. Parasitology 2016; 143:1790-801. [PMID: 27572265 DOI: 10.1017/S0031182016001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is the causative agent of cystic echinococcosis. The disease is a significant global public health concern and human infections are most commonly associated with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.) genotype G1. The objectives of this study were to: (i) analyse the genetic variation and phylogeography of E. granulosus s. s. G1 in part of its main distribution range in Europe using 8274 bp of mtDNA; (ii) compare the results with those derived from previously used shorter mtDNA sequences and highlight the major differences. We sequenced a total of 91 E. granulosus s. s. G1 isolates from six different intermediate host species, including humans. The isolates originated from seven countries representing primarily Turkey, Italy and Spain. Few samples were also from Albania, Greece, Romania and from a patient originating from Algeria, but diagnosed in Finland. The analysed 91 sequences were divided into 83 haplotypes, revealing complex phylogeography and high genetic variation of E. granulosus s. s. G1 in Europe, particularly in the high-diversity domestication centre of western Asia. Comparisons with shorter mtDNA datasets revealed that 8274 bp sequences provided significantly higher phylogenetic resolution and thus more power to reveal the genetic relations between different haplotypes.
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You Y, Leahy K, Resnick C, Howard T, Carroll KC, Silbergeld EK. Exposure to pathogens among workers in a poultry slaughter and processing plant. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:453-64. [PMID: 27169350 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working conditions in poultry slaughter/processing plants may expose workers to zoonotic pathogens. We explored exposure to pathogens among poultry slaughter/processing plant workers including job duties as risk factors. METHODS We collected questionnaire data on job duties and nasal swabs from 110 workers at one plant in South Carolina. Swabs were tested for Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative organisms. Isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility. RESULTS There was no differences in prevalence of S. aureus carriage based on job duties. As compared with office or packing workers, the adjusted odds of GNO carriage was 6.29 times (95% CI: 1.43, 27.71) higher in slaughter or carcass processing workers and 5.94 times (95% CI: 0.94, 37.50) higher in cleaning or maintenance workers. CONCLUSIONS Poultry processing plant workers may have increased exposure to GNOs, depending on job duties. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:453-464, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi You
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Kimberly Leahy
- Department of Epidemiology; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Carol Resnick
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Tracy Howard
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Karen Colleen Carroll
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Ellen Kovner Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
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44
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Smits SL, Bodewes R, Ruiz-González A, Baumgärtner W, Koopmans MP, Osterhaus ADME, Schürch AC. Recovering full-length viral genomes from metagenomes. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1069. [PMID: 26483782 PMCID: PMC4589665 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious disease metagenomics is driven by the question: “what is causing the disease?” in contrast to classical metagenome studies which are guided by “what is out there?” In case of a novel virus, a first step to eventually establishing etiology can be to recover a full-length viral genome from a metagenomic sample. However, retrieval of a full-length genome of a divergent virus is technically challenging and can be time-consuming and costly. Here we discuss different assembly and fragment linkage strategies such as iterative assembly, motif searches, k-mer frequency profiling, coverage profile binning, and other strategies used to recover genomes of potential viral pathogens in a timely and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia L Smits
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Bodewes
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aritz Ruiz-González
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ; Systematics, Biogeography and Population Dynamics Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain ; Conservation Genetics Laboratory, National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research Bologna, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion P Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands ; Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Screening, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands ; Center for Infection Medicine and Zoonoses Research Hannover, Germany
| | - Anita C Schürch
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands
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45
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Hellberg RS, Chu E. Effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: A review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:548-72. [PMID: 25612827 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2014.972335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Over the coming century, warming trends such as increased duration and frequency of heat waves and hot extremes are expected in some areas, as well as increased intensity of some storm systems. Climate-induced trends will impact the persistence and dispersal of foodborne pathogens in myriad ways, especially for environmentally ubiquitous and/or zoonotic microorganisms. Animal hosts of foodborne pathogens are also expected to be impacted by climate change through the introduction of increased physiological stress and, in some cases, altered geographic ranges and seasonality. This review article examines the effects of climatic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, drought and wind, on the environmental dispersal and persistence of bacterial foodborne pathogens, namely, Bacillus cereus, Brucella, Campylobacter, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio and Yersinia enterocolitica. These relationships are then used to predict how future climatic changes will impact the activity of these microorganisms in the outdoor environment and associated food safety issues. The development of predictive models that quantify these complex relationships will also be discussed, as well as the potential impacts of climate change on transmission of foodborne disease from animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalee S Hellberg
- a Food Science and Nutrition Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University , Orange , CA , USA
| | - Eric Chu
- a Food Science and Nutrition Program, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University , Orange , CA , USA
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46
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Kyeremateng-Amoah E, Nowell J, Lutty A, Lees PS, Silbergeld EK. Laceration injuries and infections among workers in the poultry processing and pork meatpacking industries. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:669-82. [PMID: 24800900 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers in poultry processing and pork meatpacking have high rates of acute injuries and chronic disease among. The presence of zoonotic pathogens in these workplaces may interact with injury. METHODS We investigated incidence of worker injuries, lacerations, and infections reported by 10 companies from 2004 to 2009 and calculated annual incidence rates by industry and company along with temporal trends and job-related risk factors. RESULTS Average annual mean total injury rates were 6.4 per 100 workers (poultry) and 13.2 per 100 workers (pork). Average annual mean rates for lacerations were 1.8 per 100 workers (poultry) and 1.9 per 100 (pork). Sharp tools and animal products were most frequently reported as sources for lacerations. Animal products were most frequently reported as sources of infected lacerations. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that these industries continue to have high injury rates. The results also suggest that zoonotic pathogens may be preventable health and safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kyeremateng-Amoah
- Division of Environmental Health Engineering; Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Jackie Nowell
- United Food and Commercial Workers Union; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Aurora Lutty
- United Food and Commercial Workers Union; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Peter S.J. Lees
- Division of Environmental Health Engineering; Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Ellen K. Silbergeld
- Division of Environmental Health Engineering; Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health; Baltimore Maryland
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Abstract
Antibiotics are antimicrobial compounds that can inhibit and even destroy bacterial and fungal growth. Antibiotics are used in both human diseases to kill bacterial and fungal pathogens and in farm animals to reduce incidences of animal diseases as veterinary drugs, promote animal weight gain, and control the zoonotic pathogens in milk, egg, meat, and meat products. Use of antibiotics in agricultural farm animals may aid bacterial antibiotic resistance. Though it is still a debatable topic, a comprehensive understanding of using antibiotics in farm animal production and the replacement of these antibiotics with some natural products is under pressure.
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48
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Syne SM, Ramsubhag A, Adesiyun AA. Microbiological hazard analysis of ready-to-eat meats processed at a food plant in Trinidad, West Indies. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2013; 3:20450. [PMID: 23878681 PMCID: PMC3717613 DOI: 10.3402/iee.v3i0.20450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bacteriological assessment of the environment and food products at different stages of processing was conducted during the manufacture of ready-to-eat (RTE) chicken franks, chicken bologna and bacon at a large meat processing plant in Trinidad, West Indies. METHODS Samples of air, surfaces (swabs), raw materials, and in-process and finished food products were collected during two separate visits for each product type and subjected to qualitative or quantitative analysis for bacterial zoonotic pathogens and fecal indicator organisms. RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen detected in pre-cooked products (mean counts = 0.66, 1.98, and 1.95 log10CFU/g for franks, bologna, and bacon, respectively). This pathogen was also found in unacceptable levels in 4 (16.7%) of 24 post-cooked samples. Fifty percent (10 of 20) of pre-cooked mixtures of bacon and bologna were contaminated with Listeria spp., including four with L. monocytogenes. Pre-cooked mixtures of franks and bologna also contained E. coli (35 and 0.72 log10 CFU/g, respectively) while 5 (12.5%) of 40 pre-cooked mixtures of chicken franks had Salmonella spp. Aerobic bacteria exceeded acceptable international standards in 46 (82.1%) of 56 pre-cooked and 6 (16.7%) of 36 post-cooked samples. Both pre-and post-cooking air and surfaces had relatively high levels of aerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms, including equipment and gloves of employees. A drastic decrease in aerobic counts and Staphylococcus aureus levels following heat treatment and subsequent increase in counts of these bacteria are suggestive of post-cooking contamination. CONCLUSION A relatively high level of risk exists for microbial contamination of RTE meats at the food plant investigated and there is a need for enhancing the quality assurance programs to ensure the safety of consumers of products manufactured at this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey-Marie Syne
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
| | - Adash Ramsubhag
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
| | - Abiodun A. Adesiyun
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad
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