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Shishkova DK, Velikanova EA, Bogdanov LA, Sinitsky MY, Kostyunin AE, Tsepokina AV, Gruzdeva OV, Mironov AV, Mukhamadiyarov RA, Glushkova TV, Krivkina EO, Matveeva VG, Hryachkova ON, Markova VE, Dyleva YA, Belik EV, Frolov AV, Shabaev AR, Efimova OS, Popova AN, Malysheva VY, Kolmykov RP, Sevostyanov OG, Russakov DM, Dolganyuk VF, Gutakovsky AK, Zhivodkov YA, Kozhukhov AS, Brusina EB, Ismagilov ZR, Barbarash OL, Yuzhalin AE, Kutikhin AG. Calciprotein Particles Link Disturbed Mineral Homeostasis with Cardiovascular Disease by Causing Endothelial Dysfunction and Vascular Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212458. [PMID: 34830334 PMCID: PMC8626027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between high serum calcium/phosphate and cardiovascular events or death is well-established. However, a mechanistic explanation of this correlation is lacking. Here, we examined the role of calciprotein particles (CPPs), nanoscale bodies forming in the human blood upon its supersaturation with calcium and phosphate, in cardiovascular disease. The serum of patients with coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease displayed an increased propensity to form CPPs in combination with elevated ionised calcium as well as reduced albumin levels, altogether indicative of reduced Ca2+-binding capacity. Intravenous administration of CPPs to normolipidemic and normotensive Wistar rats provoked intimal hyperplasia and adventitial/perivascular inflammation in both balloon-injured and intact aortas in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Upon the addition to primary human arterial endothelial cells, CPPs induced lysosome-dependent cell death, promoted the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, stimulated leukocyte adhesion, and triggered endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We concluded that CPPs, which are formed in the blood as a result of altered mineral homeostasis, cause endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, thereby contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria K. Shishkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Elena A. Velikanova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Leo A. Bogdanov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Maxim Yu. Sinitsky
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Alexander E. Kostyunin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Anna V. Tsepokina
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Olga V. Gruzdeva
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Andrey V. Mironov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Rinat A. Mukhamadiyarov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Tatiana V. Glushkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Evgenia O. Krivkina
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Vera G. Matveeva
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Oksana N. Hryachkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Victoria E. Markova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Yulia A. Dyleva
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Belik
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Alexey V. Frolov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Amin R. Shabaev
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Olga S. Efimova
- Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
| | - Anna N. Popova
- Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
| | - Valentina Yu. Malysheva
- Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
| | - Roman P. Kolmykov
- Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
| | - Oleg G. Sevostyanov
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.G.S.); (D.M.R.); (V.F.D.)
| | - Dmitriy M. Russakov
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.G.S.); (D.M.R.); (V.F.D.)
| | - Viatcheslav F. Dolganyuk
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Kemerovo State University, 6 Krasnaya Street, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.G.S.); (D.M.R.); (V.F.D.)
| | - Anton K. Gutakovsky
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.G.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Yuriy A. Zhivodkov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.G.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Anton S. Kozhukhov
- Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Akademika Lavrentieva Avenue, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.K.G.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Elena B. Brusina
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Zinfer R. Ismagilov
- Institute of Coal Chemistry and Material Science, Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Sovetskiy Avenue, 650000 Kemerovo, Russia; (O.S.E.); (A.N.P.); (V.Y.M.); (R.P.K.); (Z.R.I.)
| | - Olga L. Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
| | - Anton G. Kutikhin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia; (D.K.S.); (E.A.V.); (L.A.B.); (M.Y.S.); (A.E.K.); (A.V.T.); (O.V.G.); (A.V.M.); (R.A.M.); (T.V.G.); (E.O.K.); (V.G.M.); (O.N.H.); (V.E.M.); (Y.A.D.); (E.V.B.); (A.V.F.); (A.R.S.); (E.B.B.); (O.L.B.); (A.E.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-960-907-7067
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Wu B, Wang G, Xin L, Li Q, Lu X, Su Y, Huang P. Network pharmacology-based therapeutic mechanism of Kuanxiong aerosol for angina pectoris. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 261:113079. [PMID: 32526337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kuanxiong aerosol has been reported to be an effective and safe clinical treatment for angina pectoris (AP). AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the potential pharmacological mechanism of Kuanxiong aerosol by combined methods of network pharmacology prediction and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Networks of Kuanxiong aerosol-associated targets and AP-related genes were constructed through STRING database. Potential targets and pathway enrichment analysis related to the therapeutic efficacy of Kuanxiong aerosol were identified using Cytoscape and Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). To explore the mechanism of action of Kuanxiong aerosol, its in vitro effects on myocardial hypoxia, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative injury, and its in vivo pharmacological effects on myocardial ischemia and cardiac fibrosis were studied in rat models. RESULTS Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the potential targets mainly include the Fas ligand (FASLG), interleukin 4 (IL4), and catalase (CAT), which mediated the processes of apoptosis, and cellular responses to hypoxia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mechanical stimulus. Multiple pathways, such as the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathways were found to be closely related to the pharmacological protective mechanism of Kuanxiong aerosol against AP. In addition, Kuanxiong aerosol suppressed the hypoxia, LPS, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injuries of H9c2 cardiomyocytes through the regulation of HIF1A, suppressed expression of IL6 and TNF, and antioxidant property. In the rat model of myocardial ischemia, Kuanxiong aerosol was found to lower the creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, without altering the hemodynamic function. Kuanxiong aerosol was capable of attenuating cardiac fibrosis and improving cardiac function in a cardiac fibrosis rat model. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the pharmacological mechanisms of Kuanxiong aerosol for AP therapy were related to anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation via a non-hemodynamic manner, indicating that Kuanxiong aerosol is a preferable drug clinically for AP treatment due to its both preventive and protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Hangzhou Supor South Ocean Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311225, China
| | - Yan Su
- Hangzhou Supor South Ocean Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311225, China
| | - Pintong Huang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Grinshtein YI, Kosinova AA, Grinshtein IY, Subbotina TN, Savchenko AA. [Possible Genetic Predictors of Cardiovascular Complications After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery]. Kardiologiia 2018; 58:77-84. [PMID: 30081812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE to investigate associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2046934, rs1126643, rs5918, rs6065, rs4244285; rs4986893 with cardiovascular complications (CVC) in patients after CABG. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled in this study 130 patients with stable functional class II-IV angina. After CABG 69 patients received ASA (100 mg of enteric form), 61 patients received dual antiplatelet therapy (ASA 100 mg + clopidogrel 75 mg). Mean follow up period was 10.9±5.2 months. The primary composite endpoint included all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke. The control group comprised 185 healthy volunteers. Platelet function was assessed using light transmission aggregometry with ADP (5μM) and arachidonic acid (1 mM). The following single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by real-time PCR: rs2046934 (H1/H2) on P2RY12 [encoding platelet ADP receptor] (n=100); rs1126643 (C807T, Phe224Phe) on ITGA2 [encoding collagen receptor] (n=87); rs5918 (176T>C, Leu33Pro) on ITGB3 [encoding fibrinogen receptor) (n=91); rs6065 (Thr145Met) on GP1BA [encoding platelet receptor for Von Willebrand factor] (n=114); rs4244285 (*2) (n=84), and rs4986893 (*3) (n=83) on СYP2C19 [encoding cytochrome P450 activity]. RESULTS The prevalence of rs5918, rs6065, rs4244285, rs4986893, rs2046934 did not differ significantly between patients and healthy volunteers. The mutant allele (T) of ITGA2 was detected more often in healthy volunteers: 67.2 % vs 51.7 % (р=0.021). Before and after CABG there was no significant difference in platelet aggregation between carries and non-carries of the mutant ITGA2 allele. Number of CVCs registered during follow-up was 12: 3 strokes, 6 MIs, 3 deaths. Patients with composite mutant alleles of ITGB3+СYP2C19*2 or СYP2C19*2+ITGA2, and with the mutant allele (*2) of СYP2C19 met end points more often than patients with other gene combinations (wild type homozygotes, presence of one mutant allele of ITGB3 or ITGA2, the composite of mutant alleles of ITGB3+ITGA2 or ITGB3+ITGA2+ СYP2C19*2) (hazard ratio 4.0, 95 % confidence interval 2,19-7.29, р=0.008). Carriers of ITGB3 mutant allele showed higher AA-induced platelet reactivity on the 1st-3rd day after CABG. Amplitude of platelet aggregation in carriers of mutant allele was 27.5 % vs 12.7 % in wild type (p=0.016). No differences in platelet reactivity among carriers of other mentioned mutant alleles and wild types were observed. CONCLUSION Carriage of the combination of mutant alleles ITGB3+СYP2C19*2 or СYP2C19*2+ITGA2 or СYP2C19*2 is possible predictor of CVC in patients after CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Grinshtein
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Vojno-Yasenetsky
| | - A A Kosinova
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Vojno-Yasenetsky
| | - I Y Grinshtein
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V. F. Vojno-Yasenetsky
| | | | - A A Savchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, "Research Institute for Medical Problems of the North" at the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences
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van Hecke O, Hocking LJ, Torrance N, Campbell A, Padmanabhan S, Porteous DJ, McIntosh AM, Burri AV, Tanaka H, Williams FMK, Smith BH. Chronic pain, depression and cardiovascular disease linked through a shared genetic predisposition: Analysis of a family-based cohort and twin study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170653. [PMID: 28225781 PMCID: PMC5321424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and chronic pain are the two most important causes of disability (Global Burden of Disease Study 2013). They occur together more frequently than expected and both conditions have been shown to be co-morbid with cardiovascular disease. Although shared socio-demographic risk factors (e.g. gender, deprivation) might explain the co-morbidity of these three conditions, we hypothesised that these three long-term, highly prevalent conditions co-occur and may be due to shared familial risk, and/or genetic factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS We employed three different study designs in two independent cohorts, namely Generation Scotland and TwinsUK, having standardised, validated questionnaire data on the three traits of interest. First, we estimated the prevalence and co-occurrence of chronic pain, depression and angina among 24,024 participants of a population-based cohort of extended families (Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study), adjusting for age, gender, education, smoking status, and deprivation. Secondly, we compared the odds of co-morbidity in sibling-pairs with the odds in unrelated individuals for the three conditions in the same cohort. Lastly, examination of similar traits in a sample of female twins (TwinsUK, n = 2,902), adjusting for age and BMI, allowed independent replication of the findings and exploration of the influence of additive genetic (A) factors and shared (C) and non-shared (E) environmental factors predisposing to co-occurring chronic widespread pain (CWP) and cardiovascular disease (hypertension, angina, stroke, heart attack, elevated cholesterol, angioplasty or bypass surgery). In the Generation Scotland cohort, individuals with depression were more than twice as likely to have chronic pain as those without depression (adjusted OR 2·64 [95% CI 2·34-2·97]); those with angina were four times more likely to have chronic pain (OR 4·19 [3·64-4·82]); those with depression were twice as likely to have angina (OR 2·20 [1·90-2·54]). Similar odds were obtained when the outcomes and predictors were reversed and similar effects seen among sibling pairs; depression in one sibling predicted chronic pain in the other (OR 1·34 [1·05-1·71]), angina predicted chronic pain in the other (OR 2·19 [1·63-2·95]), and depression, angina (OR 1·98 [1·49-2·65]). Individuals with chronic pain and angina showed almost four-fold greater odds of depression compared with those manifesting neither trait (OR 3·78 [2·99-4·78]); angina showed seven-fold increased odds in the presence of chronic pain and depression (OR 7·76 [6·05-9·95]) and chronic pain nine-fold in the presence of depression and angina (OR 9·43 [6·85-12·98]). In TwinsUK, the relationship between CWP and depression has been published (R = 0.34, p<0.01). Considering the CWP-cardiovascular relationship, the most suitable model to describe the observed data was a combination of A, C and E, with a small but significant genetic predisposition, shared between the two traits (2·2% [95% CI 0·06-0·23]). CONCLUSION We found an increased co-occurrence of chronic pain, depression and cardiovascular disease in two independent cohorts (general population-based cohort, twins cohort) suggesting a shared genetic contribution. Adjustment for known environmental influences, particularly those relating to socio-economic status (Generation Scotland: age, gender, deprivation, smoking, education; Twins UK: age,BMI) did not explain the relationship observed between chronic pain, depression and cardiovascular disease. Our findings from two independent cohorts challenge the concept of traditional disease boundaries and warrant further investigation of shared biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver van Hecke
- Division of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne J. Hocking
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Torrance
- Division of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Archie Campbell
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Porteous
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomics and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea V. Burri
- Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Dept of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Frances M. K. Williams
- Dept of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Look AHEAD Research Group. Prospective Association of GLUL rs10911021 With Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study. Diabetes 2016; 65:297-302. [PMID: 26395743 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have identified a glutamate-ammonia ligase gene (GLUL) polymorphism associated with cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We sought to determine whether GLUL rs10911021 is associated prospectively with adjudicated cardiovascular composite end points among overweight/obese individuals with T2D and whether a lifestyle intervention resulting in weight loss could diminish this association. Look AHEAD is a randomized, controlled trial to determine the effects of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), including weight loss and physical activity, relative to diabetes support and education, on cardiovascular outcomes. Look AHEAD participants included in this report were 3,845 overweight/obese individuals with T2D who provided consent for genetic analyses. Over a median of 9.6 years of follow-up, the risk (C) allele for GLUL rs10911021 was significantly associated with the primary composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for angina among individuals with no history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline using additive genetic models (hazard ratio 1.17 [95% CI 1.01-1.36]; P = 0.032). Results appeared more consistent in recessive models and among individuals with no known history of CVD at baseline; ILI did not alter these associations. These results extend the association of GLUL rs10911021 to incident CVD morbidity and mortality in the setting of T2D.
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Miyamoto S, Usami S, Kuwabara Y, Horie T, Baba O, Hakuno D, Nakashima Y, Nishiga M, Izuhara M, Nakao T, Nishino T, Ide Y, Nakazeki F, Wang J, Ueyama K, Kimura T, Ono K. Expression Patterns of miRNA-423-5p in the Serum and Pericardial Fluid in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142904. [PMID: 26562412 PMCID: PMC4642962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been reported that specific microRNA (miRNA) levels are elevated in serum and can be used as biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, miRNAs expression profiles and their sources in pericardial fluid (PF) are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of miRNAs in PF in relation to those in the serum in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Serum (S) and PF from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) due to stable angina pectoris (sAP) and unstable AP (uAP) and aortic valve replacement due to aortic stenosis (AS) were analyzed for the detection of miRNAs. We named these samples S-sAP, S-uAP, S-AS, PF-sAP, PF-uAP, and PF-AS, respectively. We first measured the levels of miR-423-5p, which was recognized previously as a biomarker for heart failure. miR-423-5p levels were significantly higher in PF than serum. Although there was no difference in miR-423-5p levels among the PF-AS, PF-sAP, and PF-uAP, its levels were significantly elevated in S-uAP compared with those in S-AS and S-sAP. In order to clarify the source of miR-423-5p in PF, we measured the levels of muscle-enriched miR-133a and vascular-enriched miR-126 and miR-92a in the same samples. miR-133a levels were significantly higher in serum than in PF, and it was elevated in S-uAP compared with S-AS. miR-126 level was significantly increased in serum compared with PF, and the level of miR-92a the similar tendency. miR-423-5p is located in the first intron of NSRP1. There is another miRNA, miR-3184, encoded in the opposite direction in the same region. In vitro experiments indicated that the duplex of miR-423-5p and miR-3184-3p was more resistant to RNase than the duplex of miR-423-5p and miR-133-3p, which may help to stabilize miR-423-5p in the PF. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that miR-423-5p is enriched in PF, and serum miR-423-5p may be associate with uAP. Its expression pattern was different to that of muscle- and vascular-enriched miRNAs, miR-133a, miR-126, and miR-92a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Miyamoto
- Cardiovascular Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Usami
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daihiko Hakuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayasu Izuhara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Ueyama
- Cardiovascular Center, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Lee IT, Liang KW, Wang JS, Lee WJ, Chen YDI, Lin SY, Lee WL, Sheu WHH. Value of Chromosome 9p21 Polymorphism for Prediction of Cardiovascular Mortality in Han Chinese Without Coronary Lesions: An Observational Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1538. [PMID: 26426617 PMCID: PMC4616868 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants at chromosome 9p21 are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the longitudinal effects of 9p21 variants on cardiovascular mortality remain controversial and may depend on whether the patient has CAD. We tested the hypothesis that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4977574 is associated longitudinally with cardiovascular death in patients without detectable coronary lesions. We enrolled patients who underwent coronary angiography for angina pectoris but had normal angiographic findings. Laboratory analyses and rs4977574 TaqMan genotyping were performed using fasting blood samples collected during hospitalization. Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality rates were acquired from a national database. Among the 679 enrolled subjects with neither myocardial infarction nor an angiographic coronary lesion, 28 (19.0%) of the 147 homozygous GG carriers suffered a cardiovascular death, compared with 63 (11.8%) of the 532 subjects with the AG or AA genotype during the median 12.3 years (interquartile range 8.6-12.7 years) of follow-up. In a recessive model, cardiovascular mortality was significantly higher in subjects with the GG genotype than in those with the other genotypes (hazard ratio, 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.64; P = 0.021). In this follow-up study, rs4977574, a tag SNP at chromosome 9p21, was shown to be associated with cardiovascular mortality in Taiwanese patients with angina pectoris but no coronary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Lee
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung (ITL, JSW, SYL, WHHS); School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei (ITL, KWL, SYL, WLL, WHHS); School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University (ITL, WHHS); Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital (KWL, WLL); Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (WJL); and Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA (YDIC)
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Gravel A, Dubuc I, Morissette G, Sedlak RH, Jerome KR, Flamand L. Inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 as a predisposing risk factor for the development of angina pectoris. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8058-63. [PMID: 26080419 PMCID: PMC4491735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502741112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6 (iciHHV-6) results in the germ-line transmission of the HHV-6 genome. Every somatic cell of iciHHV-6+ individuals contains the HHV-6 genome integrated in the telomere of chromosomes. Whether having iciHHV-6 predisposes humans to diseases remains undefined. DNA from 19,597 participants between 40 and 69 years of age were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the presence of iciHHV-6. Telomere lengths were determined by qPCR. Medical records, hematological, biochemical, and anthropometric measurements and telomere lengths were compared between iciHHV-6+ and iciHHV-6- subjects. The prevalence of iciHHV-6 was 0.58%. Two-way ANOVA with a Holm-Bonferroni correction was used to determine the effects of iciHHV6, sex, and their interaction on continuous outcomes. Two-way logistic regression with a Holm-Bonferroni correction was used to determine the effects of iciHHV6, sex, and their interaction on disease prevalence. Of 50 diseases monitored, a single one, angina pectoris, is significantly elevated (3.3×) in iciHHV-6+ individuals relative to iciHHV-6- subjects (P = 0.017; 95% CI, 1.73-6.35). When adjusted for potential confounding factors (age, body mass index, percent body fat, and systolic blood pressure), the prevalence of angina remained three times greater in iciHHV-6+ subjects (P = 0.015; 95%CI, 1.23-7.15). Analyses of telomere lengths between iciHHV-6- without angina, iciHHV-6- with angina, and iciHHV-6+ with angina indicate that iciHHV-6+ with angina have shorter telomeres than age-matched iciHHV-6- subjects (P = 0.006). Our study represents, to our knowledge, the first large-scale analysis of disease association with iciHHV-6. Our results are consistent with iciHHV-6 representing a risk factor for the development of angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Gravel
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Isabelle Dubuc
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Guillaume Morissette
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Ruth H Sedlak
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98102; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98102
| | - Louis Flamand
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 4G2; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
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Suchkova IO, Pavlinova LI, Larionova EE, Alenina NV, Solov'ev KV, Baranova TV, Belotserkovskaia EV, Sasina LK, Bader M, Denisenko AD, Mustafina OE, Khusnutdinova EK, Patkin EL. [[Length polymorphism of minisatellite repeat B2-VNTR of the bradykinin B2 receptor gene in healthy Russians and in patients with coronary heart disease]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2014; 48:752-762. [PMID: 25842860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin B2 receptor is involved in many processes, including the regulation of blood pressure and smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, inflammation, edema, cell proliferation, pain. It is suggested that this receptor may be one of the factors that have cardioprotective and infarct-limiting effects. It is assumed that certain genetic variants in both coding and non-coding regions ofBDKRB2 gene may influence its expression. In the 3'-untranslated region of BDKRB2 exon 3 the minisatellite repeat B2-VNTR is located. B2-VNTR has previously been shown to affect the BDKRB2 mRNA stability. Therefore, it is important to perform the molecular genetic analysis of this minisatellite in patients with different forms of coronary heart disease in order to reveal possible associations between specific B2-VNTR alleles and certain clinical forms of coronary heart disease. In the present study, a comparative analysis of the allele and genotype frequencies of B2-VNTR was carried out in groups of healthy individuals and patients with two clinical forms of coronary heart disease (angina pectoris and myocardial infarction), ethnically Russian. The results of the B2-VNTR length polymorphism analysis indicate that this tandem repeat may be attributed to a class of low polymorphic and non-hypervariable minisatellite. In all analyzed groups we revealed three B2-VNTR alleles, consisting of 43, 38 and 33 repeat units. Alleles of 43 and 33 repeats were major in all investigated groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the B2-VNTR allele and genotype frequencies between men and women in control group, and also between healthy men and men with angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. Thus, B2-VNTR length polymorphism was not associated with these clinical forms of coronary heart disease in Russian men. However, we do not exclude the possibility of association between the B2-VNTR short alleles (38 and 33 repeats) and cardioprotective effects of bradykinin B2 receptor in women with coronary heart disease. This hypothesis requires further investigation.
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Mizuno Y, Morita S, Harada E, Shono M, Morikawa Y, Murohara T, Yasue H. Alcohol flushing and positive ethanol patch test in patients with coronary spastic angina: possible role of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphisms. Intern Med 2013; 52:2593-8. [PMID: 24292747 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary spasm plays an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris caused by coronary spasm or coronary spastic angina (CSA) is prevalent in Japan. However, the precise mechanisms underlying coronary spasm are unclear. Alcohol intolerance is prevalent among East Asians, and we previously reported that coronary spasm could be induced by alcohol intake in CSA patients. We herein examined whether CSA is associated with alcohol intolerance in Japanese subjects. METHODS The study subjects consisted of 80 CSA patients (57 men/ 23 women, mean age 62 ± 12) and 52 non-CSA patients (25 men/27 women, mean age 63 ± 10). The ethanol patch test (EPT) and questionnaire which evaluates flushing after ethanol intake, along with an examination of clinical features and laboratory chemistry data for CHD risk factors were done. Gender (male) and smoking were higher (p=0.007, and p=0.019, respectively) and plasma HDL cholesterol level was lower (p=0.035) in the CSA patients than in the non-CSA patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis including age, EPT, smoking, and plasma HDL cholesterol level as independent variables revealed that positive EPT and smoking were significant predictors of CSA (p=0.011 and p=0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION Positive EPT and alcohol flushing following alcohol intake, as well as smoking and plasma levels of HDL cholesterol, were significantly associated with CSA in Japanese patients. Therefore, alcohol ingestion as well as smoking is a significant risk factor for CSA in Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mizuno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Japan
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Abstract
More than 6 million people in the United States are affected by chronic angina. On January 27, 2006, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a new medication for the treatment of chronic stable angina called ranolazine (Ranexa). This is the first angina drug approved by the FDA in over a decade. The unique thing about this drug is that it falls into a new class of therapies in that it works at the level of cellular metabolism in decreasing demand on the cardiac tissue. There are many factors to consider when prescribing this medication including past studies, dosing, and education. There is also evidence that this drug may also benefit diabetic patients with glycemic control.
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Bucova M, Lietava J, Penz P, Mrazek F, Petrkova J, Bernadic M, Petrek M. Association of MCP-1 -2518 A/G single nucleotide polymorphism with the serum level of CRP in Slovak patients with ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Mediators Inflamm 2009; 2009:390951. [PMID: 19639050 PMCID: PMC2715824 DOI: 10.1155/2009/390951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our work was to find if MCP-1 -2518 (A/G) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influences somehow the serum concentrations of high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) both in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris (AP), and hypertension (HT) and in control group of healthy subjects. Totally, 263 patients with the diagnosis of IHD, out of them 89 with MI, 145 with AP, 205 with HT, and also 67 healthy subjects were included in the study. First, we estimated the serum levels of hsCRP. We found that patients with AP had significantly higher serum level of hsCRP than both control group of healthy subjects (P = .043) and IHD patients without AP (P = .026). The presence of the mutant G allele statistically significantly correlated with the higher serum levels of hsCRP in patients with IHD (P = .016), AP (P = .004), and HT (P = .013). Higher correlations were found in men (AP: P = .019; HT: P = .047). In all cases the highest levels of hsCRP were found both in patients and healthy controls with homozygous GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bucova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Sun A, Ma H, Xu D, Wang Y, Liu M, Xu L, Chen J, Hu T, Wang Z, Wang K, Zou Y, Huang W, Ge J. Association between -455G/A and fibrinogen in a Chinese population. Acta Cardiol 2009; 64:357-61. [PMID: 19593947 DOI: 10.2143/ac.64.3.2038022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between beta-fibrinogen gene -455G/A polymorphism and the plasma fibrinogen level in Chinese patients with different subtypes of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated beta-fibrinogen gene -455G/A polymorphism and plasma fibrinogen level in non-CHD control subjects (n = 466) and CHD patients (n = 1,019) including patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) (n = 674), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n = 345). Increased plasma fibrinogen levels were observed in the CHD groups compared with the control subjects (ACS: 380.92 +/- 92.35 mg/dl, SAP: 352.49 +/- 94.89 mg/dl, control: 311.72 +/- 87.09* mg/dl, *P < 0.001 vs. ACS and SAP). Individuals with the -455A/A genotype were associated with the highest plasma fibrinogen in the control subjects (P < 0.001) and patients with SAP (P < 0.001) but not in patients with ACS (P > 0.05). Allele frequency and genotype distribution were similar among the three groups (P = 0.314). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that elevated plasma fibrinogen level is related to increased CHD risk. The presence of -455A allele is significantly associated with higher fibrinogen in non-CHD control subjects and SAP patients but not in ACS patients while -455G/A polymorphism is not a risk factor for CHD in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Occurrence of different clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease (CHD) was assessed among the parents and siblings of 309 men with CHD (case probands), including 103 men with fatal and 100 with nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and 106 men with angina pectoris (AP) and among the relatives of 106 reference men. CHD was equally common among relatives of all case probands. It was four times as common in case brothers and twice as common in case sisters as in the respective reference siblings. There were differences between the various case groups as to the predominant clinical manifestation of CHD. Cardiac deaths were commonest in the sibs of men with fatal MI, and uncomplicated angina in the men with AP. The familial resemblance in the clinical manifestations of CHD suggests familial influence in the mechanisms determining the clinical expression of the disease.
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Kuroki S, Ikeda U, Maeda Y, Sekiguchi H, Shimada K. Lack of association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and vasospastic angina. Clin Cardiol 2009; 20:873-6. [PMID: 9377825 PMCID: PMC6655318 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960201015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS It has been suggested that the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, but its relation to vasospastic angina has not been fully proven. In the present study, we investigated the possible relationship between the ACE I/D genotype and vasospastic angina. METHODS We explored the distribution of the ACE genotype in 20 patients with vasospastic angina without fixed coronary artery stenosis, 55 angina patients with fixed coronary artery stenosis, and 30 control subjects without coronary artery disease. RESULTS The frequency of the DD genotype in patients with vasospastic angina (DD: 30.0%, ID: 20.0%, II: 50.0%) did not differ from that in the control subjects (DD: 23.3%, ID: 26.7%, II: 50.0%), while the frequency in patients with coronary artery stenosis (DD: 43.7%, ID: 21.8%, II: 34.5%) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects. The frequency of the D allele also did not differ between patients with vasospastic angina (0.40) and control subjects (0.37), while the frequency was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery stenosis (0.55). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the ACE DD genotype is a potent genetic risk factor for organic coronary artery disease, while it confers no appreciable increase in risk of vasospastic angina. These results also suggest the diversity of the pathogenesis of vascular lesions in these two types of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuroki
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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16
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Corsetti JP, Ryan D, Rainwater DL, Moss AJ, Zareba W, Block RC, Sparks CE. Lp(a) and risk of recurrent cardiac events in obese postinfarction patients. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:2717-22. [PMID: 18927546 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies of recurrent coronary events in obese postinfarction patients show mixed results despite potential importance of obesity-related pathophysiologic processes and associated markers in establishing and predicting risk. The study aim was to determine specific markers of recurrent risk in obese postinfarction patients. Nondiabetic patients of the Thrombogenic Factors and Recurrent Coronary Events (THROMBO) postinfarction study were classified according to BMI as normal weight (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)), and obese (> or = 30 kg/m(2)). Cox multivariable regression with adjustment for significant clinical covariates was performed in each group monitoring outcome (cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or unstable angina with 26 months follow-up) as a function of 17 thrombogenic, inflammatory, and metabolic blood markers and 17 cardiovascular disease-associated genetic polymorphisms. Results revealed no statistically significant genetic or blood marker variables in normal or overweight patients. For obese postinfarction patients, elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))was found to be a highly significant risk marker with hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of 3.94 (2.11-7.35), P = 0.000017 (upper tertile vs. lower two tertiles). Additionally, elevated Lp(a) was found to interact with the -75G>A polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A-I gene and the -250G>A polymorphism of the hepatic lipase gene in establishing risk. We conclude that interactions of elevated Lp(a) with polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein A-I and hepatic lipase genes, primarily reflective of altered lipoprotein metabolism, play an important role in the establishment of recurrent coronary event risk in obese, nondiabetic postinfarction patients. These findings suggest close monitoring and consideration of weight reduction for obese postinfarction patients with elevated Lp(a) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Corsetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
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17
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Zhang H, Chen YG, Xu F, Xue L, Jiang CX, Zhang Y. [The relationship between aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 gene polymorphisms and efficacy of nitroglycerin]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2007; 46:629-632. [PMID: 17967228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association among aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms, alcohol flushing and efficacy of nitroglycerin (GTN) in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS One hundred and forty two patients with coronary heart disease, who were confirmed by coronary angiography and consistent with the criteria of selection were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to flushing or not after drinking wine: non-flushing group (n = 88) and flushing group (n = 54). The genotypes of ALDH2 were determined with polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The efficacy of nitroglycerin on angina pectoris attacks for all the patients were obtained by observation and inquiry. Basal clinical data and nitroglycerin efficacy between the two groups were compared. RESULTS The rate of efficacious response to GTN and ALDH2*1 genotype in non-flushing group were significantly higher than those in the flushing group (89.8% vs 37.0%, P < 0.01; 93.2% vs 44.4%, P < 0.01). The number of patients with angina pectoris attacks ameliorated by GTN in 5 minutes in the non-flushing group were remarkably higher than that in the flushing group (67.1% vs 20.4%, P < 0.01). The rate of efficacious response to GTN was significantly higher in the patients with ALDH2*1 genotype than the patients with ALDH2*2 genotype (81.1% vs 36.1%, P < 0.01) and the efficacious response to GTN in 5 minutes was higher in the patients with ALDH2*1 genotype than those with ALDH2*2 genotype (57.5% vs 11.1%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS There is relationship among ALDH2 gene polymorphisms, alcohol flushing and efficacy of nitroglycerin. The rate of efficacious response to GTN is significantly higher in non-flushing patients; this may be explained by the effect of gene polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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18
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Abstract
As functional properties of the coronaries may differ between coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with or without angina pectoris (AP), it is possible that different genetic mechanisms could be involved in the various CHD phenotypes. The primary aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the relative importance of genetic factors for AP as well as the impact of AP on CHD death in general. All same-sexed twins born between 1886 and 1958 included in the Swedish Twin Registry served as a base for this study. Information from the Swedish Cause of Death Register was used for diagnosing CHD death. Standard methods applied in twin research such as survival and quantitative genetic models were used. The impact of AP on CHD death was significant among both sexes, with larger estimates for males (hazard ratio and 95% CI 2.0 (1.8-2.3)) than females (1.6 (1.4-1.8)). Probandwise concordances and intraclass correlations for AP and CHD death were in general greater in monozygotic than dizygotic twins among both sexes. Heritability analyses resulted in moderate heritability estimates for AP in both sexes (0.39 (0.29-0.49) for males and 0.43 (0.08-0.51) for females). The correlation between AP and CHD was exclusively explained by the influence of familial factors in both sexes. In conclusion, our data imply genetic influences for AP and CHD death among both sexes and that AP is important as a risk factor for CHD death in both males and females, due in part to shared genetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan Zdravkovic
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Arason GJ, Kramer J, Blaskó B, Kolka R, Thorbjornsdottir P, Einarsdóttir K, Sigfúsdóttir A, Sigurdarson ST, Sigurdsson G, Rónai Z, Prohászka Z, Sasvári-Székely M, Bödvarsson S, Thorgeirsson G, Füst G. Smoking and a complement gene polymorphism interact in promoting cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Clin Exp Immunol 2007; 149:132-8. [PMID: 17425651 PMCID: PMC1942025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that carriers of a genotype called C4B*Q0 (silent allele of the C4B gene) have a substantially increased risk to suffer from myocardial infarction or stroke, and are selected out from the healthy elderly population. Because smoking carries a major risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), it seemed worthwhile to study if these two factors interact. Study 1 involved 74 patients with angina pectoris (AP), 85 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 112 survivors of a previous AMI and 382 controls from Iceland. Study 2 involved 233 patients with severe CVD and 274 controls from Hungary. Smoking habits were registered for each subject. The number of C4A and C4B genes was determined by phenotyping or genotyping. Compared to controls, C4B*Q0 carrier frequency was significantly higher at diagnosis in Icelandic smokers with AP (P = 0.005) and AMI (P = 0.0003) and Hungarian smokers with severe coronary artery disease (P = 0.023), while no such difference was observed in non-smoking subjects. Age-associated decrease in C4B*Q0 observed previously in two remote Caucasian populations was found, in the present study, to be associated strongly with smoking, and to already occur in smokers after age 50 years both in Iceland and Hungary. Our findings indicate that the C4B*Q0 genotype can be considered as a major covariate of smoking in precipitating the risk for AMI and associated deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Arason
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Medical Laboratory Sciences, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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20
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Murphy A, White A, Nair R, Kingwell B, Duffy S, Chin-Dusting J, Woollard K. C-reactive protein and Fc gamma RIIa functional polymorphisms are not associated with clinical presentation of stable and unstable angina. Thromb Haemost 2007; 97:681-2. [PMID: 17393036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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21
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Solà R, Godàs G, Ribalta J, Vallvé JC, Girona J, Anguera A, Ostos M, Recalde D, Salazar J, Caslake M, Martín-Luján F, Salas-Salvadó J, Masana L. Effects of soluble fiber (Plantago ovata husk) on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in men with ischemic heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85:1157-63. [PMID: 17413119 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.4.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New dietary strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk include the addition of fiber to the diet. The effect of soluble-fiber consumption derived from Plantago ovata husk on lipid risk factors in patients with CVD is unknown. OBJECTIVE We compared the effects of soluble fiber (P. ovata husk) with those of insoluble fiber (P. ovata seeds) on plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein (apo) concentrations within a CVD secondary prevention program. DESIGN In a randomized, crossover, controlled, single-blind design, 28 men with CVD (myocardial infarction or stable angina) and an LDL-cholesterol concentration </=3.35 mmol/L consumed for 8 wk, under controlled conditions, a low-saturated-fat diet supplemented with 10.5 g P. ovata husk/d or 10.5 g P. ovata seeds/d. Fasting plasma lipid concentrations and polymorphisms of genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as apo A-IV, apo E, and fatty acid-binding protein, were measured. RESULTS Plasma triacylglycerol decreased (6.7%; P < 0.02), the ratio of apo B 100 to apo A-I decreased (4.7%; P < 0.02), and apo A-I increased (4.3%; P < 0.01) in the P. ovata husk consumers. Compared with the intake of insoluble fiber, the intake of P. ovata husk increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations by 6.7% (P = 0.006) and decreased the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol and of LDL to HDL cholesterol by 10.6% (P = 0.002) and 14.2% (P = 0.003), respectively. CONCLUSION In the secondary prevention of CVD, P. ovata husk intake induces a more beneficial effect on the cardiovascular lipid risk-factor profile than does an equivalent intake of insoluble fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Solà
- Unitat de Recerca de Lípids i Arteriosclerosi, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IRCIS, Reus, Spain.
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22
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Guo Z, Niu YL, Zhang JW, Yao TP. Coronary artery occlusion alters expression of substance P and its mRNA in spinal dorsal horn in rats. Neuroscience 2006; 145:669-75. [PMID: 17258861 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The painful sensation during acute myocardial ischemia or infarction is a common symptom and results from neural activity in humans. Little is known about the role of neuropeptides in this effect of myocardial ischemia. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of substance P in mediating the noxious neural signals in spinal cord in acute myocardial ischemia by exploring the change in substance P and its mRNA in thoracic dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn (T1-T5) after coronary artery occlusion. The experiment was performed with immunohistochemistry, enzyme immunoassay and real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction techniques on rats' hearts. In acute myocardial ischemia (<6 h), substance P and preprotachykinin mRNA were up-regulated in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn. The increase in the density of immunoreactive material was mainly observed in small-diameter neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and the superficial laminae (I and II) of the spinal cord. The increase in the expressions was statistically significant compared with the control and the sham surgery groups (P<0.05). The results suggest that substance P is involved in the mediation of the noxious neural signals of acute myocardial ischemia in spinal cord. The pathophysiological role and significance need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Guo
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Medical University and Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 86 South Xinjian Nan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China.
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23
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Tziakas DN, Chalikias GK, Antonoglou CO, Veletza S, Tentes IK, Kortsaris AX, Hatseras DI, Kaski JC. Apolipoprotein E genotype and circulating interleukin-10 levels in patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:2471-81. [PMID: 17174184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to assess the relation between apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype and serum interleukin (IL)-10 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and chronic stable angina (CSA). BACKGROUND Genetic variations in the apoE gene affect the risk for coronary artery disease (i.e., carriers of the e4 allele have an increased risk). Increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker, correlate with an increased risk of acute coronary events, whereas increased IL-10 concentrations have an atheroprotective role. Studies have reported a negative association between the apoE e4 allele and CRP levels. METHODS Apolipoprotein E genotypes were assessed in 166 consecutive ACS patients (119 men, mean age 68 years, interquartile range [IQR] 60 to 74 years) and 70 CSA patients (54 men, mean age 65 years, IQR 62 to 68 years). Serum IL-10 and CRP were assessed at study entry. RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed that genetic variation in the apoE gene locus significantly influences serum IL-10 levels in both ACS (p = 0.009) and CSA patients (p = 0.013). Among ACS patients, IL-10 levels were lower in E3/E4 carriers compared with E3/E3 carriers (p = 0.01) and marginally lower compared with E2/E3 carriers (p = 0.065). Among CSA patients, IL-10 levels were lower in E3/E4 carriers compared with E2/E3 carriers (p = 0.004) and marginally lower compared with E3/E3 carriers (p = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS The IL-10 concentrations differ in ACS and in CSA patients with different apoE genotypes. The e4 allele was associated with a trend toward lower IL-10 serum levels. Our results may provide an explanation of findings in previous studies that cardiovascular risk is higher in e4 carriers despite the presence of low CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios N Tziakas
- University Cardiology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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24
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Abstract
There are two distinct models to explain how genetic variants contributing to cardiovascular disease may have arisen. Firstly, variants may result from random, initially neutral, mutations whose effects are largely revealed in post-reproductive individuals in industrialized societies. Alternatively, the introduced variants may confer an adaptive advantage in certain circumstances. Resistance to pathogens is one of the strongest selection pressures on human proteins. To determine whether this evolutionary pressure has made a large contribution to heart disease we tested whether seventeen polymorphisms in fourteen innate-immunity genes, with documented evidence of modulating response to pathogens, had an impact on heart disease. Genotyping was performed in 1,598 CAD subjects (ACS or stable angina) and 332 controls. The TLR4 399Ile allele had the greatest impact on ACS risk (uncorrected p = 0.006); however there was no evidence overall that the resistance alleles cumulatively influenced the risk of ACS compared to controls or stable angina patients (p = 0.12, and p = 0.40, respectively). We did note a significant interaction between age at onset of disease and combined resistance allele carriership when the ACS and non-thrombotic, stable angina groups were compared (p = 0.04, 16 d.f.). This suggests that innate immunity factors could have a greater impact on thrombus formation among younger CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M O'Halloran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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25
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Tomita H, Sasaki S, Osanai T, Nakano T, Higuma T, Yokoyama J, Hanada H, Yasujima M, Okumura K. Mutational analysis of Kir6.1 in Japanese patients with coronary spastic angina. Int J Mol Med 2006; 18:589-91. [PMID: 16964409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of coronary spastic angina (CSA) remains uncertain. Mice lacking the gene encoding the inwardly rectifying K(+) channel Kir6.1 were developed as an animal model of CSA. We investigated whether mutation in the coding region of the Kir6.1 gene is detected in Japanese patients with CSA. The study population included 19 Japanese patients with CSA (10 men and 9 women with a mean age of 61+/-14 years). Mutational analysis of the coding region of Kir6.1 was performed by direct sequencing. We found no missense or nonsense mutations in these samples, but we found in one female CSA patient, a single base substitution (C to T) at nucleotide position 111 in exon 2 of the coding region, which was heterozygous and did not cause amino acid substitution (Ile37Ile, silent mutation). In the remaining 18 patients, no base substitution was detected in the coding region of the Kir6.1 gene. No mutation that alters primary structure of Kir6.1 was detected in Japanese patients with CSA. The results indicate that abnormality in the primary structure of Kir6.1 may not be involved in the genetic pathogenesis of CSA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tomita
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Kumamoto T, Kawai Y, Arakawa K, Morikawa N, Kuribara J, Tada H, Taniguchi K, Tatami R, Miyamori I, Kominato Y, Kishi K, Yasuda T. Association of Gln222Arg polymorphism in the deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) gene with myocardial infarction in Japanese patients. Eur Heart J 2006; 27:2081-7. [PMID: 16877481 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We have recently reported that serum deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) activity, which may be involved in apoptosis, increases abruptly in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction (MI) [Kawai Y, Yoshida M, Arakawa K, Kumamoto T, Morikawa N, Masamura K, Tada H, Ito S, Hoshizaki H, Oshima S, Taniguchi K, Terasawa H, Miyamori I, Kishi K, Yasuda T. Diagnostic use of serum deoxyribonuclease I activity as a novel early-phase marker in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004;109:2398-2400]. Death of vascular smooth muscle cells, in part because of apoptosis, is postulated to heighten susceptibility to disruption of vulnerable plaque, resulting in onset of MI. The present study evaluated the possibility that Gln222Arg polymorphism of the DNase I gene may be one of the factors involved in predisposition to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed 611 Japanese patients: 311 with MI and 300 with stable angina pectoris (AP). Three common phenotypes determined by two common codominant alleles, DNASE1*1 and *2, whose corresponding gene products exhibit different properties, were found in these patient groups. The prevalence of DNASE1*2 was significantly higher in patients with MI than in those with AP (0.543 vs. 0.428, P < 0.001), being confirmed by phenotyping of the second study population. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of DNASE1*2 was 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-2.18]. The association of the DNASE1*2 allele with MI was statistically significant, being independent of other conventional risk factors. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that Gln222Arg polymorphism in the DNase I gene is associated with MI in the Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Kumamoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Tassiopoulos S, Deftereos S, Konstantopoulos K, Farmakis D, Tsironi M, Kyriakidis M, Aessopos A. Does heterozygous beta-thalassemia confer a protection against coronary artery disease? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1054:467-70. [PMID: 16339699 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1345.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Six hundred and thirty-eight patients who presented with clinical symptoms and/or electrocardiographic findings suggestive of stable angina pectoris were studied; they were also investigated by coronary arteriography. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed on all patients to detect the presence of the beta-thalassemia trait. Results were analyzed by logistic regression analysis to determine whether the latter confers any protective effect against advanced coronary artery disease (aCAD; defined as the presence of atheromas in coronary arteries, resulting in stenosis at least 70%). The role of the currently accepted risk factors (smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes) in developing aCAD were reconfirmed, while at the same time it was found that beta-thalassemia heterozygosity is associated with a reduced risk against aCAD (odds ratio 0.39, 95% confidence interval 0.16-0.98). The lipoprotein and blood rheology profile of these individuals may be the underlying causes of this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Tassiopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
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28
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Michalsen A, Knoblauch NTM, Lehmann N, Grossman P, Kerkhoff G, Wilhelm FH, Moebus S, Konstantinides S, Binder L, Heusch G, Siffert W, Budde T, Dobos GJ. Effects of lifestyle modification on the progression of coronary atherosclerosis, autonomic function, and angina--the role of GNB3 C825T polymorphism. Am Heart J 2006; 151:870-7. [PMID: 16569552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the multimodal medical and interventional treatment options in coronary artery disease, the additional value of intensified lifestyle modification is unclear. We have therefore examined the effects of lifestyle modification on top of current treatment and also associated with the GNB3 C825T polymorphism, which has established association to sympathetic activation and the precipitation of angina. METHODS One hundred one patients with established coronary artery disease were randomized to a 1-year lifestyle modification group (lifestyle group [LG]) or an advice group. Risk factors, coronary calcification (electron beam tomography), heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, anginal symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) were assessed on entry and after 1 year. RESULTS Patients in LG had excellent program adherence, but lifestyle modification had no impact on metabolic risk factors and coronary calcification. Changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure were only slightly favoring LG. Baroreflex sensitivity increased by 2 (0.79-3.13) ms/mm Hg in the LG but decreased by -0.10 (-1.11 to 0.92) in the advice group (P = .013). Lifestyle modification led to improved physical QOL, reductions of anginal attacks (-54% vs 11%, P = .01), and dose reductions in 30% of anti-ischemic medications (P = .004). *825T allele carriers had a more pronounced reduction of heart rate and improvement of angina and QOL. The beneficial effect on reduction of medication was seen in *825T allele carriers only. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of modern treatments, comprehensive lifestyle modification provides no additional benefits on progression of atherosclerosis but improves autonomic function, angina, and QOL with concomitant reduced need of medication. These responses are more pronounced in GNB3*825T allele carriers.
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Monraats PS, Pires NMM, Schepers A, Agema WRP, Boesten LSM, de Vries MR, Zwinderman AH, de Maat MPM, Doevendans PAFM, de Winter RJ, Tio RA, Waltenberger J, 't Hart LM, Frants RR, Quax PHA, van Vlijmen BJM, Havekes LM, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE, Jukema JW. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays an important role in restenosis development. FASEB J 2006; 19:1998-2004. [PMID: 16319143 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4634com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors appear to be important in the restenotic process after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as in inflammation, a pivotal factor in restenosis. TNFalpha, a key regulator of inflammatory responses, may exert critical influence on the development of restenosis after PCI. The GENetic DEterminants of Restenosis (GENDER) project included 3104 patients who underwent a successful PCI. Systematic genotyping for six polymorphisms in the TNFalpha gene was performed. The role of TNFalpha in restenosis was also assessed in ApoE*3-Leiden mice, TNFalpha knockout mice, and by local delivery of a TNFalpha biosynthesis inhibitor, thalidomide. The -238G-1031T haplotype of the TNFalpha gene increased clinical and angiographic risk of restenosis (P=0.02 and P=0.002, respectively). In a mouse model of reactive stenosis, arterial TNFalpha mRNA was significantly time-dependently up-regulated. Mice lacking TNFalpha or treated locally with thalidomide showed a reduction in reactive stenosis (P=0.01 and P=0.005, respectively). Clinical and preclinical data indicate that TNFalpha plays an important role in restenosis. Therefore, TNFalpha genotype may be used as a risk marker for restenosis and may contribute to individual patient screening prior to PCI in clinical practice. Inhibition of TNFalpha may be an anti-restenotic target strategy.
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Gyöngyösi M, Khorsand A, Zamini S, Sperker W, Strehblow C, Kastrup J, Jorgensen E, Hesse B, Tägil K, Bøtker HE, Ruzyllo W, Teresiñska A, Dudek D, Hubalewska A, Rück A, Nielsen SS, Graf S, Mundigler G, Novak J, Sochor H, Maurer G, Glogar D, Sylven C. NOGA-guided analysis of regional myocardial perfusion abnormalities treated with intramyocardial injections of plasmid encoding vascular endothelial growth factor A-165 in patients with chronic myocardial ischemia: subanalysis of the EUROINJECT-ONE multicenter double-blind randomized study. Circulation 2006; 112:I157-65. [PMID: 16159809 DOI: 10.1161/01.circulationaha.105.525782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this substudy of the EUROINJECT-ONE double-blind randomized trial was to analyze changes in myocardial perfusion in NOGA-defined regions with intramyocardial injections of plasmid encoding plasmid human (ph)VEGF-A(165) using an elaborated transformation algorithm. METHODS AND RESULTS After randomization, 80 no-option patients received either active, phVEGF-A165 (n=40), or placebo plasmid (n=40) percutaneously via NOGA-Myostar injections. The injected area (region of interest, ROI) was delineated as a best polygon by connecting of the injection points marked on NOGA polar maps. The ROI was projected onto the baseline and follow-up rest and stress polar maps of the 99m-Tc-sestamibi/tetrofosmin single-photon emission computed tomography scintigraphy calculating the extent and severity (expressed as the mean normalized tracer uptake) of the ROI automatically. The extents of the ROI were similar in the VEGF and placebo groups (19.4+/-4.2% versus 21.5+/-5.4% of entire myocardium). No differences were found between VEGF and placebo groups at baseline with regard to the perfusion defect severity (rest: 69+/-11.7% versus 68.7+/-13.3%; stress: 63+/-13.3% versus 62.6+/-13.6%; and reversibility: 6.0+/-7.7% versus 6.7+/-9.0%). At follow-up, a trend toward improvement in perfusion defect severity at stress was observed in VEGF group as compared with placebo (68.5+/-11.9% versus 62.5+/-13.5%, P=0.072) without reaching normal values. The reversibility of the ROI decreased significantly at follow-up in VEGF group as compared with the placebo group (1.2+/-9.0% versus 7.1+/-9.0%, P=0.016). Twenty-one patients in VEGF and 8 patients in placebo group (P<0.01) exhibited an improvement in tracer uptake during stress, defined as a >or =5% increase in the normalized tracer uptake of the ROI. CONCLUSIONS Projection of the NOGA-guided injection area onto the single-photon emission computed tomography polar maps permits quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion in regions treated with angiogenic substances. Injections of phVEGF A165 plasmid improve, but do not normalize, the stress-induced perfusion abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Vienna, Wahringer Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Despite tremendous success of growth factor therapy in animal models, clinical trials have demonstrated minimal success. Vascular endothelial growth factors are perhaps the most potent inducers of angiogenesis in these animal models. This review outlines the biology of vascular endothelial growth factors in the context of myocardial angiogenesis with an emphasis on its effects on the endothelium. It also provides an overview of delivery strategies and summarises the preclinical and clinical evidence relating to exogenous growth factor delivery for myocardial angiogenesis with an emphasis on the key future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Boodhwani
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Andrikovics H, Pongrácz E, Kalina E, Szilvási A, Aslanidis C, Schmitz G, Tordai A. Decreased frequencies of ABCA1 polymorphisms R219K and V771M in Hungarian patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006; 21:254-9. [PMID: 16446539 DOI: 10.1159/000091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Genetic polymorphisms in ABC transporter A1 (ABCA1) may alter the regulation of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), promoting or protecting from vascular diseases. METHODS We investigated 244 unrelated, consecutively enrolled patients with ischemic stroke, 150 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 193 blood donors for allele frequencies (AFs) of three common ABCA1 polymorphisms (R219K, V771M and I883M). RESULTS Compared to controls (30.8 +/- 4.7 and 4.9 +/- 2.2%, respectively), decreased AFs were found in both patient groups for R219K and V771M (28.7 +/- 4.1 and 3.1 +/- 1.6% in stroke, and 25.7 +/- 5.0%; 1.3 +/- 1.3% in CHD patients, respectively). In a subset of stroke patients younger than 50, both variants occurred in significantly lower frequencies (22.4 +/- 5.5 and 1.8 +/- 1.7%, respectively). Similarly, among CHD patients younger than 60, AFs of R219K and V771M (22.6 +/- 7.5 and 0 +/- 1.6%, respectively) were decreased. V771M was almost exclusively (35/36) found in individuals carrying the R219K allele. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm earlier observations that ABCA1 R219K and V771M polymorphisms may be associated with a protective role against CHD and extend those to another important pathologic condition, namely stroke.
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Schettert IT, Pereira AC, Lopes NH, Hueb WA, Krieger JE. Association between platelet P2Y12 haplotype and risk of cardiovascular events in chronic coronary disease. Thromb Res 2006; 118:679-83. [PMID: 16405973 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A positive association was recently described between P2Y12 platelet receptor H1 and H2 haplotypes and peripheral artery disease. We tested the described P2Y12 receptor haplotypes in a group of patients with coronary artery disease. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The P2Y12 platelet receptor H1 and H2 haplotypes was tested in a group of 540 patients enrolled in the Medical, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study II (MASS II), a randomized trial comparing treatments for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved left ventricular function. After a 3-year follow-up period, the incidence of the composite end point of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and refractory angina requiring revascularization was determined in the H1/H1, H1/H2 and H2/H2 haplotype groups. We used Student's t-test and the chi-square test to analyze the differences among groups and Kaplan-Meier method to calculate survival curves. Risk was assessed with the use of a Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS The frequency of haplotypes among studied patients were 410 (75.9%) H1/H1, 119 (22.0%) H1/H2 and 11 (2.1%) H2/H2. The baseline clinical characteristics, mean clinical follow-up time and received treatment of each genotype group were similar. We did not disclose any association between haplotype groups regarding the incidence of any of the studied cardiovascular end-points. CONCLUSION This is the first report studying the association of P2Y12 platelet receptor H1 and H2 haplotype and cardiovascular events. Our findings do not provide evidence for a strong association between H1/H1 and H1/H2 haplotypes and a increased risk of cardiovascular events in a population with CAD. Future works should address the role of the H2/H2 haplotype as a genetic marker for cardiovascular events.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fetal insulin hypothesis proposes that the inverse relationship between birthweight and risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease is partly as a result of inherited factors which influence the effect of insulin and insulin-like growth factors. It has been proposed that an inverse relationship between birthweight and parental risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease is evidence in support of this hypothesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from a prospective birth cohort study, followed up to age 50, was used to assess the relationship between birthweight and reported parental diabetes, hypertension, angina and stroke using logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 832 cohort members traced at age 50, 574 (69%) returned questionnaires that included questions on parental illness. Complete data was available for 541 (94%) of these on maternal illness and for 531 (92%) on paternal illness. Birthweight, standardized for sex and gestational age and adjusted for social class at birth, was inversely associated with maternal stroke (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence intervals 0.60-0.95). There were no other statistically significant associations between birthweight and risk of parental illness. DISCUSSION We found little evidence of a consistent inverse relationship between birthweight and parental risk of diabetes or cardiovascular disease. This may be because of the quality of our data--which is limited by the problems of collecting robust data over two generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adams
- School of Population and Health Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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35
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36
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Jeffery S, Poloniecki J, Leatham E, Bevan D, Ireson N, Talbot S, Cole D, Kaski JC. A protective contribution of the Q allele of the R353Q polymorphism of the Factor VII gene in individuals with chronic stable angina? Int J Cardiol 2005; 100:395-9. [PMID: 15837082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor VII polymorphisms have been suggested in some studies to show an association with some aspects of coronary disease, and there is a known association between FVII levels and polymorphic variants in the gene. The aim of the study was to assess whether Factor VII polymorphism R353Q is associated with the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic stable angina. METHODS AND RESULTS There is evidence that Factor VII polymorphisms are markers of susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD), but two studies have suggested that there is no association between the degree of vessel disease and these polymorphisms. One of these studies did not exclude patients with unstable angina or MI. We therefore set up a prospective cohort study to determine Factor VIIa, VIIc and VIIAg levels, genotype for R353Q, lipid status, smoking history and the degree of vessel disease, in patients attending the hospital for routine day case angiography over a 20 month period. From 519 cases, 400 had no previous MI or revascularisation, including 153 with zero vessel disease, and were successfully genotyped: 9 (2%) QQ, 78 (20%) RQ and 313 (78%) RR. Compared with RR subjects, heterozygotes were 2.7 years older (95% CI: 0.3, 5.0; p=0.027), but were not significantly different regarding gender, cholesterol, extent of vessel disease or smoking history. If those with vessel disease were considered, then the heterozygotes were 3.5 years older than the RR homozygotes (95% CI: 0.6-6.4, p=0.016). There was a significant association between all measures of Factor VII and the R353Q polymorphism, with the Q allele associating with lower levels. There was no significant association between the degree of vessel disease and genotype. CONCLUSIONS The degree of vessel disease as seen at day case angiography is independent of polymorphism status, but there appears nonetheless to be a moderate protective effect of the Q allele against stable angina, in that angiographic investigation occurs a few years later for RQ heterozygotes than RR homozygotes. The effect may be mediated by reduced levels of Factor VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Jeffery
- Department of Clinical Developmental Sciences (Medical Genetics Unit), St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, England, UK.
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Ogimoto A, Shigematsu Y, Nakura J, Hara Y, Ohtsuka T, Kohara K, Hamada M, Miki T, Higaki J. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp) in patients with coexistent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary spastic angina. J Mol Med (Berl) 2005; 83:619-25. [PMID: 15778808 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-005-0641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronary vasospasm appears to play a significant role in the etiology of myocardial ischemia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Furthermore, the management of patients with coexistent HCM and coronary spastic angina (CSA) presents a therapeutic challenge. The purpose of this study was to examine the Glu298Asp variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene to determine whether this polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to CSA in patients with HCM. The eNOS gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp) was genotyped in 150 HCM patients by the TaqMan chemical method. Patients were classified into group A (n=12) if they had CSA provoked by intracoronary acetylcholine, and group B (n=138) if they did not. In group A, the frequency of Glu/Glu, Glu/Asp, and Asp/Asp genotypes was 5 (41.7%), 6 (50%), and 1 (8.3%), respectively. In group B, it was 119 (86.2%), 17 (12.3%), and 2 (1.5%), respectively. The frequency of the Asp298 variant was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the Asp298 variant was a significant risk factor for CSA (odds ratio 11.8; P<0.001) that was independent of age, gender, smoking status or body mass index. Significantly more drugs were used by the patients in group A than those in group B and the patients with the Asp298 variant were treated with significantly more drugs than those without it. In conclusion, the Asp298 variant of the eNOS gene may be associated with CSA in HCM patients. HCM patients with CSA or the Asp298 variant may need more drugs to relieve their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Ogimoto
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295 Japan.
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Nagano M, Nakamura M, Kobayashi N, Kamata J, Hiramori K. Effort Angina in a Middle-Aged Woman With Abnormally High Levels of Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol A Case of Cholesteryl-Ester Transfer Protein Deficiency. Circ J 2005; 69:609-12. [PMID: 15849450 DOI: 10.1253/circj.69.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 54-year-old female was admitted to hospital complaining of oppressive anterior chest pain during exercise. Treadmill exercise ECG testing showed significant ischemic ECG changes, and electron-beam computed tomography demonstrated patchy calcifications in the coronary artery. Coronary angiography revealed a significant stenotic lesion of the right coronary artery. On routine investigations, no classical coronary risk factors were found, although a very high concentration (209 mg/dl) of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was detected. The serum concentration of cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP), which plays a central role in the reverse cholesterol transport system, was measured and found to be less than the measurable minimum. The patient showed one of the typical genetic CETP mutations (intone 14 splicing defect), and her lipid profile was improved by administration of probucol for 3 months. A very high concentration of HDL-C with a defect of CETP activity may be a specific biochemical indicator pointing to an increased risk of premature coronary artery disease, and the lipid profile can be improved by use of lipid-lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Nagano
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
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Smith FB, Connor JM, Lee AJ, Cooke A, Lowe GDO, Rumley A, Fowkes FG. Relationship of the platelet glycoprotein PlA and fibrinogen T/G+1689 polymorphisms with peripheral arterial disease and ischaemic heart disease. Thromb Res 2004; 112:209-16. [PMID: 14987913 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2003.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2003] [Revised: 11/25/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic variation in plasma fibrinogen and the platelet receptor GP IIIa locus has been independently associated with increased risks of ischaemic heart disease, but there have been few reports on the relationship with peripheral arterial disease. This study determined the risk of peripheral arterial disease and ischaemic heart disease associated with polymorphisms of fibrinogen T/G(+1689) and platelet glycoprotein Pl(A) genes and the effects of cigarette smoking and fibrinogen. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the 5-year follow-up phase of the Edinburgh Artery Study, 939 subjects (60-79 years) had DNA extracted from a venous blood sample. One hundred sixteen subjects were identified as having angina, 87 a myocardial infarction, 104 had intermittent claudication and 663 subjects comprised a healthy group. RESULTS Distribution of the fibrinogen genotype was similar across the disease and healthy groups. Logistic regression analyses found no significant association between fibrinogen genotype and ischaemic heart disease and peripheral arterial disease. A lower percentage of claudicants had the Pl(A2) allele (8.3% vs. 15.2%, p=0.025). After adjustment for age and sex, the risk of IC associated with the Pl(A2) was half that of the homozygous Pl(A1) genotype (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25, 0.88; p<==0.05). Adjustment for lifetime smoking and fibrinogen levels increased the odds slightly to nonsignificance. CONCLUSIONS The Pl(A2) genotype was associated with a decreased risk of developing IC. There was no significant relationship between fibrinogen T/G(+1689) genotype and ischaemic and peripheral heart disease in this older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity B Smith
- Wolfson Unit for Prevention of Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
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Feeney GP, Ashfield-Watt PAL, Burr ML, Dunstan FDJ, McDowell IFW, Worwood M. Heterozygosity for the haemochromatosis mutation HFE C282Y is not a risk factor for angina. Heart 2004; 90:939-40. [PMID: 15253976 PMCID: PMC1768358 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.014480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rossi ML, Marziliano N, Merlini PA, Bramucci E, Canosi U, Belli G, Parenti DZ, Mannucci PM, Ardissino D. Different quantitative apoptotic traits in coronary atherosclerotic plaques from patients with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2004; 110:1767-73. [PMID: 15364800 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000142865.04816.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis in human atherosclerotic coronary plaques possibly causes plaque destabilization by contributing to the weakening and breaking down of the fibrous cap. We tested the hypothesis that apoptosis is quantitatively increased in unstable atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed the expression of apoptotic genes such as BAX, CASP1, FAS, FAS L, FOS, MDM2, NFkB2, P53, PCNA, TERT, and XRCC1 in coronary plaques collected with directional coronary atherectomy from 15 patients with stable angina and 15 with acute coronary syndromes without ST elevation (ACS). Total RNA was extracted and cDNA was amplified with a specific set of primers and TaqMan probes. Apoptosis was also revealed by DNA laddering. To clarify the source of mRNAs, we performed in situ reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction coupled with immunocytochemistry and found a substantial overlap between the mRNAs of the above genes and vascular smooth muscle cells. Gene expression analysis showed that the proapoptotic genes (ie, BAX, CASP1, FAS, FAS L, FOS, NFkB2, P53, PCNA) were significantly more expressed (P<0.001) in ACS plaques, whereas the antiapoptotic genes (ie, MDM2, TERT, XRCC1) were more transcribed (P<0.001) in stable angina plaques. Total gDNA gel electrophoresis identified a laddering pattern in the ACS plaques as evidence of end-point apoptosis. Western blotting substantially confirmed the above data. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the idea that ACS plaques are committed to apoptosis through an established meshwork of gene activation and inactivation, whereas stable angina plaques retain active cell homeostasis and repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco L Rossi
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Italy.
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Trevelyan J, Brull DJ, Needham EWA, Montgomery HE, Morris A, Mattu RK. Effect of enalapril and losartan on cytokines in patients with stable angina pectoris awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting and their interaction with polymorphisms in the interleukin-6 gene. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94:564-9. [PMID: 15342284 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Revised: 05/08/2004] [Accepted: 05/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may have anti-inflammatory actions, an effect that could explain some of their beneficial effects on cardiovascular events in clinical trials. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with a systemic inflammatory response and provides a convenient model to examine the effects of such agents. Genetic polymorphisms may be important in influencing the expression of cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). We randomized men awaiting CABG to treatment with enalapril, losartan, or control for 2 months before surgery. Systemic IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor agonists were measured before and after surgery, and genotypes for the -174 G/C and -572 G/C IL-6 gene polymorphisms were determined. Total release of the IL-1 receptor agonist was decreased 29% by enalapril and 31% by losartan (adjusted p = 0.041). IL-6 was decreased 17% by enalapril and 20% by losartan. Subjects possessing the -174 GG genotype produced 20% more IL-6 (adjusted p = 0.029). In these high producers of IL-6, release of IL-6 was decreased 51% by enalapril (adjusted p = 0.001) and 32% by losartan (adjusted p = 0.068). Release of IL-10 was nonsignificantly decreased 26% by enalapril and 21% by losartan, whereas IL-8 was not detected. In conclusion, enalapril and losartan significantly decreased release of the IL-1 receptor agonist after CABG. Enalapril produced a highly significant decrease of 51% in the release of IL-6 in patients identified as high producers of IL-6 by the -174 G/C polymorphism, whereas losartan has a similar but less marked effect. The production of IL-6 in this setting is influenced by the -174 G/C polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Trevelyan
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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Mao YL, Yuan ZK, Huang XP, Lu F, Tan G, Hu Z. [Study on relationship between the polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene and blood stasis syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2004; 24:776-80. [PMID: 15495818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS The ACE gene type in 48 patients of CHD of BSS type, 52 CHD patients of non-BSS type and 54 healthy subjects (control) was determined by PCR assay, also levels of endothelin (ET), angiotensin II (Ag II), and nitric oxide (NO) were determined. RESULTS Occurrence of DD genotype and allele genotype of ACE gene was higher in patients of BSS than that in patients of non-BSS and control (P < 0.01). ET/NO level was higher in patients of BSS than that in control (P < 0.01). ET and Ag II levels in patients of BSS were significantly higher than those in patients of non-BSS (P < 0.05) and control (P < 0.01). Levels of ET/NO and Ag II in subjects with DD genotype in various groups were higher than those in subjects with Ag II or ID genotype, the highest level occurred in patients of BSS with DD genotype, when compared with the other two groups, the difference in Ag II was significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), when compared with control, the difference in ET/NO was significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION DD genotype of ACE gene may be the susceptible gene of CHD in patients of BSS type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-lin Mao
- Discipline of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan TCM College, Changsha (410005)
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Matsumoto N, Nomura S, Kamihata H, Kimura Y, Iwasaka T. Increased level of oxidized LDL-dependent monocyte-derived microparticles in acute coronary syndrome. Thromb Haemost 2004; 91:146-54. [PMID: 14691580 DOI: 10.1160/th03-04-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We measured and compared the levels of plasma soluble (s) P-selectin, sCD40L, platelet-derived microparticles (PDMP), monocyte-derived microparticles (MDMP), and anti-oxidized LDL antibody, to obtain a better understanding of their potential contribution to vascular complications in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The concentrations of sP-selectin, sCD40L, PDMP, and MDMP in ACS patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls and patients with stable angina. When levels of these markers were compared with differences in concentration of anti-oxidized LDL antibody, all markers were significantly higher in ACS patients with a high level of anti-oxidized LDL antibody. Next, a monocytic cell line (THP-1) was incubated with high shear stress-induced platelet aggregates and PDMP. After incubation,THP-1 cells generated tissue factor-expressing MDMPs. This finding was particularly significant in the presence of oxidized LDL. These findings suggest that elevated levels of MDMPs may be a sign of atherosclerotic development in ACS patients, particularly those who exhibit anti-oxidized LDL antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Matsumoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 570-8507, Japan
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Robinson DM, Schwahn C, Alte D, John U, Felix SB, Völzke H. Plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with a strong family history of myocardial infarction. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2004; 15:497-502. [PMID: 15311159 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200408000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Family history of myocardial infarction (MI) is a known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a specific risk factor profile for CAD in individuals with a strong family history of MI occurring at any age. The Study of Health in Pomerania is a cross-sectional, population-based study in the north-east of Germany. A random sample was drawn from the population aged 20-79 years. From 3793 subjects with siblings, 34 (0.9%) reported a history of MI in at least one parent and one sibling. We matched these cases with 136 controls (1 : 4 matching for age, sex and presence of sibling). We then compared cases and controls with respect to known risk factors for MI. Subjects with a dual parental and sibling history of MI had higher plasma fibrinogen levels (3.5 versus 3.0 g/l, respectively), and also more often angina pectoris than the matched controls (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis revealed an independent association between dual parental and sibling history of MI and plasma fibrinogen levels. We conclude that plasma fibrinogen levels may indicate an inheritable risk for CAD in subjects with a strong family history of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Robinson
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Germany.
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Lopes NHM, Pereira AC, Hueb W, Soares PR, Lanz JR, Gersh BJ, de Oliveira S, Cesar LAM, Ramires JF, Krieger JE. Effect of glycoprotein IIIa PlA2 polymorphism on outcome of patients with stable coronary artery disease and effect of smoking. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93:1469-72. [PMID: 15194015 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2003] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A polymorphism of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa has been associated with myocardial infarction and restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. The influence on outcome and the interaction of the Pl(A1) genotype with classic risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) were characterized in patients with chronic CAD followed prospectively for 3 years. Pl(A1) genotypes were assessed in 592 patients enrolled in the Medical, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study II, a randomized trial comparing treatments for patients with CAD and preserved left ventricular function. The incidence of the composite end point of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and refractory angina requiring revascularization were determined in each genotype group. Risk was assessed with the Cox proportional-hazards model. The clinical characteristics and treatment of each genotype were similar. Although the composite end point tended to be more common in patients with the Pl(A2) allele, only smokers with the Pl(A2) allele had a significantly increased incidence of the composite end point (p = 0.01). Moreover, a 2.2-fold increased risk was apparent in smokers with the Pl(A2) allele (p = 0.03). Thus, taken together, these data provide support for the interaction effect between smoking and the Pl(A1) gene variant. Smokers with the Pl(A2) polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein IIIa are at greater risk for subsequent cardiac events in stable coronary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neuza H M Lopes
- Heart Institute (InCor) of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang SL, He BX, Liu HL, He ZY, Zhang H, Luo JP, Hong XF, Zou YC. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms and risk for coronary artery disease in Chinese Xinjiang Uygur and Han population. Chin Med Sci J 2004; 19:150-4. [PMID: 15250257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphism and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), analyzing association of polymorphism with classical risk factors. METHODS A total of 124 patients (including 84 Han population and 40 Uygur population) with angiographically verified CAD or myocardial infarction were prospectively evaluated. Data referring to hypertension, diabetes, and tobacco consumption were recorded. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, Apo A1 and B, and triglycerides (TG) were determined. DNA was obtained from 124 patients and 70 controls. In order to determine Apo E genotypes, DNA was PCR amplified and digested with HhaI. The genetic polymorphism of Apo E is due to three common alleles, epsilon (epsilon) 2, epsilon3, epsilon4, at a single autosomal gene locus. These alleles determine the six phenotypes E2/2, E3/3, E4/4, E4/2, E4/3, and E3/2. RESULTS In Uygur population, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.155, 0.648, and 0.197 respectively. In Han population, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.081, 0.772, and 0.146 respectively. In the patient group, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.060, 0.758, and 0.182 respectively. In the control group, the frequency of the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 was 0.193, 0.671, and 0.136 respectively. epsilon2 frequency of Uygur' patients and controls was 0.050 and 0.290 respectively. Serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, TC, and TG values tended to decrease from the Apo E-4 phenotypes to Apo E-2 phenotypes. When deletion polymorphism of epsilon2 was compared with the common risk factors for CAD, its risk ratio (RR) is 4.38. CONCLUSIONS These studies confirm and find that Apo E phenotype distribution in Uygur population differs significantly from that in Han population in Xinjiang. CAD patients have significantly lower epsilon2 allele and slightly higher epsilon3 or epsilon4 allele frequency than controls, especially in Uygur population. It shows protective effects of epsilon2 on CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Yang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039.
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Muñoz X, Sumoy L, Ramírez-Lorca R, Villar J, de Frutos PG, Sala N. Human vitamin K-dependentGAS6: Gene structure, allelic variation, and association with stroke. Hum Mutat 2004; 23:506-12. [PMID: 15108283 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The product of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6), a ligand for the Axl, Sky, and Mer tyrosine kinase receptors, is a vitamin K-dependent protein, structurally related to anticoagulant protein S. Gas6-deficient mice are protected against thrombosis, demonstrating the importance of this protein in the cardiovascular system. The present study was aimed at determining the human GAS6 intron-exon structure and analyzing the gene for the presence of allelic variants that could be associated with atherothrombotic disease. Online analyses allowed us to localize 15 GAS6 exons and to determine the sequence of their intron-flanking regions, in a chromosome 13 region spanning 43.8 kb of DNA. SSCP analysis of PCR-amplified GAS6 exons with their intron-flanking regions from a minimum of 12 control DNA samples, revealed the presence of eight different variants, which were confirmed to be single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Three of them (c.1263G>C, c.1332C>T, and c.1869T>C) are localized in exons 11, 12, and 14, and appear to be neutral since they do not modify the encoded amino acid. The other SNPs (c.280+170C>G, c.712+26G>A, c.713-155C>T, c.834+7G>A, and c.1478-94C>G) are in introns 3, 7, 8, and 12. A preliminary analysis of five of these SNPs in a group of 110 healthy controls and 188 patients with atherothrombotic disease has revealed statistically significant differences between controls and stroke patients in the allelic distributions of one of these variants (c.834+7G>A in intron 8). The SNP identification in GAS6 reported here would be very useful in future association studies aimed at determining the physiologic role of GAS6 in stroke and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Muñoz
- Centre de Genètica Mèdica i Molecular, Institut de Recerca Oncològica, Barcelona, Spain
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Waehre T, Yndestad A, Smith C, Haug T, Tunheim SH, Gullestad L, Frøland SS, Semb AG, Aukrust P, Damås JK. Increased Expression of Interleukin-1 in Coronary Artery Disease With Downregulatory Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors. Circulation 2004; 109:1966-72. [PMID: 15051633 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000125700.33637.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Inflammation is important in atherogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-1 is the prototypic inflammatory cytokine. We hypothesized a dysbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in the IL-1 family in coronary artery disease (CAD) and a possible modulation of these mediators by HMG-CoA inhibitors (statins).
Methods and Results—
In a microarray screening experiment examining peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 6 CAD patients and 4 healthy control subjects, IL-1β was identified as 1 of 25 genes whose expression were upregulated in CAD and downregulated by statins. In the following, we studied the role of IL-1β and related mediators in CAD. Our major findings were as follows. (1) Although mRNA levels of IL-1α and IL-1β were markedly reduced in PBMCs from CAD patients after 6 months of simvastatin (20 mg/d, n=15) and atorvastatin (80 mg/d, n=15) therapy, the reduction in IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was more modest. Statins also reduced the spontaneous release of IL-1β and IL-1Ra from PBMCs in CAD patients. (2) mRNA levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra were increased in PBMCs from patients with stable (n=20) and unstable (n=20) angina compared with healthy control subjects (n=15). Although the unstable patients had particularly high levels of IL-1β and IL-1α, IL-1Ra was not correspondingly increased. (3) IL-1β induced release of proatherogenic cytokines from PBMCs, whereas atorvastatin partly abolished this effect.
Conclusions—
Our findings suggest that cytokines in the IL-1 family may represent therapeutic targets in CAD. The ability of statins to modulate these cytokines in an anti-inflammatory direction underscores their immunomodulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torgun Waehre
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
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Asselbergs FW, Tervaert JWC, Tio RA. Prognostic value of myeloperoxidase in patients with chest pain. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:516-8; author reply 516-8. [PMID: 14752891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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