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Polónia J, Marques Pereira R. Guidelines-based therapeutic strategies for controlling hypertension in non-controlled hypertensive patients followed by family physicians in primary health care in Portugal: the GPHT-PT study. Blood Press 2024; 33:2345887. [PMID: 38680045 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2345887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a prospective open study, with intervention, conducted in Primary Health Care Units by General Practitioners (GPs) in Portugal, the effectiveness of a single pill of candesartan/amlodipine (ARB/amlodipine), as the only anti-hypertension (anti-HTN) medication, in adult patients with uncontrolled HTN (BP > 140/or > 90 mm Hg), either previously being treated with anti-HTN monotherapies (Group I), or combinations with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (Group II), or not receiving medication at all (Group III), was evaluated across 12-weeks after implementation of the new therapeutic measure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 118 GPs recruited patients with uncontrolled HTN who met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Participants were assigned, according to severity, one of 3 (morning) fixed combination candesartan/amlodipine dosage (8/5 or 16/5 or 16/10 mg/day) and longitudinally evaluated in 3 visits (v0, v6 and v12 weeks). Office blood pressure was measured in each visit, and control of HTN was defined per guidelines (BP< 140/90 mmHg). RESULTS Of the 1234 patients approached, 752 (age 61 ± 10 years, 52% women) participated in the study and were assigned to groups according to previous treatment conditions. The 3 groups exhibited a statistically significant increased control of blood pressure after receiving the fixed combination candesartan/amlodipine dosage. The overall proportion of controlled HTN participants increased from 0,8% at v0 to 82% at v12. The mean arterial blood pressure values decreased from SBP= 159.0 (± 13.0) and DBP= 91.1 (± 9.6) at baseline to SBP= 132,1 (± 11.3) and DBP= 77,5 (± 8.8) at 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Results remained consistent when controlling for age and sex. CONCLUSION In patients with uncontrolled HTN, therapeutic measures in accordance with guidelines, with a fixed combination candesartan/amlodipine, allowed to overall achieve HTN control at 12 weeks in 82% of previously uncontrolled HTN patients, reinforcing the advantages of these strategies in primary clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Polónia
- RISE & Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Blood Pressure Unit & CV Risk, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raul Marques Pereira
- School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Association P5 Digital Medical Center (ACMP5), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Wang T, Jiang R, Yao Y, Xu T, Li N. Anti-hypertensive therapy for preeclampsia: a network meta-analysis and systematic review. Hypertens Pregnancy 2024; 43:2329068. [PMID: 38488570 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2024.2329068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder that represents a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. METHODS This network meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO. We searched the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov. and Embase databases for studies published from inception to the 31st of March 2023. RevMan5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration was used for direct meta-analysis (DMA) statistical analysis. Funnel maps, network meta-analysis (NMA), the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to rank the different interventions and publication bias were generated by STATA 17.0 software. RESULTS We included eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving a total of 1192 women with PE; two studies were of high quality and six were of moderate quality. Eight interventions were addressed in the NMA. In the DMA, we found that blood pressure in the Ketanserin group were significantly higher than those in the Nicardipine group. NMA showed that blood pressure in the Dihydralazine group was significantly higher than that in the Methyldopa, Labetalol, Nicardipine and Diltiazem groups. And the blood pressure in the Labetalol group was significantly lower than that in the Nicardipine group. SUCRA values showed that Diltiazem was more effective in lowering blood pressure than other drugs looked at in this study. CONCLUSION According to the eight RCTs included in this study, Diltiazem was the most effective in reducing blood pressure in PE patients; Labetalol and Nicardipine also had good effects. Diltiazem is preferred for the treatment of patients with severe PE and high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoan Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine for Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingsha Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Sweeney LC, Lundsberg LS, Culhane JF, Partridge C, Son M. Co-existing chronic hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2305675. [PMID: 38290827 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2305675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic hypertension (CHTN) causes vascular damage and resistance in the pregnant person and malperfusion in the placenta which may worsen the endothelial dysfunction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). These conditions frequently co-exist. A cumulative effect has been inconsistently demonstrated in prior studies, and it is unclear how co-existing hypertensive conditions affect pregnancy outcomes. We sought to examine maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies affected by co-existing CHTN and HDP and compare these outcomes to those of pregnancies which were unaffected or affected by either condition alone. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of singleton deliveries at a single institution 1 October 2013 to 1 October 2021. Data were extracted from the electronic medical record using standardized definitions and billing and diagnosis codes. Pregnant people with no evidence of hypertensive condition were compared to those with CHTN only, HDP only, and co-existing CHTN and HDP. Demographics, baseline clinical data, and use of aspirin or antihypertensive medications were assessed. Maternal outcomes included cesarean delivery, critical range blood pressure, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death. Neonatal outcomes included preterm birth <37 weeks' gestation, small for gestational age (SGA) birthweight, ICU admission, and a morbidity composite. Bivariate tests of association were performed using Chi-square test. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using logistic regression for three maternal and four neonatal outcomes. Descriptive statistics and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS Of 40,840 eligible people, 1451 (3.6%) had CHTN only; 5213 (12.8%) had HDP only; and 1890 (4.6%) had co-existing CHTN and HDP. Though odds of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were significantly increased for all hypertensive groups relative to the unaffected referent group, co-existing CHTN and HDP had the highest odds of cesarean delivery (aOR 1.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-1.77), critical blood pressure (OR 41.54; 95% CI 35.96-47.99), maternal ICU admission or death (aOR 3.52; 95% CI 2.65-4.67), preterm birth (aOR 2.76; 95% CI 2.41-3.16), and SGA birthweight (aOR 1.61; 95% CI 1.39-1.87). CONCLUSIONS Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the setting of CHTN are associated with the highest odds of serious consequences on the pregnant person and neonate independent of maternal comorbidities and prematurity. Antihypertensive medication use lowers the odds of some adverse outcomes. Patients should be informed of heightened risks, but optimal management remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena C Sweeney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lisbet S Lundsberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer F Culhane
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Moeun Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Girigoswami K, Arunkumar R, Girigoswami A. Management of hypertension addressing hyperuricaemia: introduction of nano-based approaches. Ann Med 2024; 56:2352022. [PMID: 38753584 PMCID: PMC11100442 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2352022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) levels in blood serum have been associated with hypertension, indicating a potential causal relationship between high serum UA levels and the progression of hypertension. Therefore, the reduction of serum UA level is considered a potential strategy for lowering and mitigating blood pressure. If an individual is at risk of developing or already manifesting elevated blood pressure, this intervention could be an integral part of a comprehensive treatment plan. By addressing hyperuricaemia, practitioners may subsidize the optimization of blood pressure regulation, which illustrates the importance of addressing UA levels as a valuable strategy within the broader context of hypertension management. In this analysis, we outlined the operational principles of effective xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricaemia and hypertension, along with an exploration of the contribution of nanotechnology to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyeli Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Arunkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
| | - Agnishwar Girigoswami
- Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, India
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Kjeldsen SE, Egan BM, Burnier M, Narkiewicz K, Kreutz R, Mancia G. Highlights of the 2023 European Society of Hypertension Guidelines: what has changed in the management of hypertension in patients with cardiac diseases? Blood Press 2024; 33:2329571. [PMID: 38555859 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2329571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sverre E Kjeldsen
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, University of Oslo Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brent M Egan
- American Medical Association, University of SC, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Michel Burnier
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Narkiewicz
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Department of Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Eilertsen RK, Midtbø H, Sindre RB, Waje-Andreassen U, Gerdts E. Factors associated with progression of arterial stiffness in ischemic stroke survivors: the Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study. Blood Press 2024; 33:2298308. [PMID: 38185939 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2023.2298308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive arterial stiffening may increase the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in ischemic stroke survivors. Information about factors associated with progressive arterial stiffening during the follow-up of young patients with ischemic stroke is lacking. METHODS Arterial stiffness by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure (24hBP) were assessed in 81 women and 190 men ≤60 years of age included in the Norwegian Stroke in the Young (NOR-SYS) study 3 months and 5.5 years after the incident ischemic stroke, representing baseline and follow-up. Covariables of change in cf-PWV were identified using linear regression analysis. RESULTS At baseline, women had less prevalent hypertension (53% vs. 69%, p < 0.05), and lower clinic and 24hBP than men, whereas age, obesity, and prevalence of smoking and antihypertensive drug treatment did not differ. During follow-up, systolic 24hBP remained unchanged, while diastolic 24hBP fell significantly (p < 0.01). Cf-PWV was lower in women both at baseline (7.3 m/s vs. 8.1 m/s) and at follow-up (7.3 m/s vs. 8.0 m/s, both p < 0.001), but the average change during follow-up did not differ between genders. In linear regression analysis, an increase in cf-PWV at the 5-year follow-up was associated with the presence of hypertension and lower cf-PWV at baseline, and higher systolic 24hBP and lack of use of antihypertensive treatment at follow-up (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In ischemic stroke survivors participating in the NOR-SYS study, the 5-year increase in cf-PWV did not differ between genders and was associated with higher systolic 24hBP and lack of antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Krogh Eilertsen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Helga Midtbø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Eva Gerdts
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Redon J, Carmena R. Present and future of drug therapy in hypertension: an overview. Blood Press 2024; 33:2320401. [PMID: 38444381 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2320401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: High blood pressure (HBP) is the leading cause of mortality and years of disability, and its prevalence is increasing. Therefore, diagnosis and effective treatment of HBP is one of the main goals to prevent and reduce its complications, and pharmacological treatment is the cornerstone of hypertension management.Materials and Methods: The gradual introduction of different drug families has led to the development of new molecules that have improved efficacy and reduced adverse effects. Results: Current drugs include a large number that target key mechanisms of blood pressure regulation as well as those that contribute to hypertension-induced organ damage. Recently, new antihypertensive drugs have been introduced that not only aim to lower blood pressure but also provide additional protection against organ damage and metabolic disorders. Some of them were introduced for specific indications other than hypertension and other are based in a pharmacogenomic approach. Other routes of administration, such subcutaneous injection, are also being explored to improve protection and compliance.Conclusions: The main characteristics of each class of antihypertensive drug are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Redon
- INCLIVA Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Takase H, Sugiura T, Yamashita S, Kawakatsu N, Hayashi K, Kin F, Isogaki T, Dohi Y. Significance of blood pressure variability in normotensive individuals as a risk factor of developing hypertension. Blood Press 2024; 33:2323967. [PMID: 38465635 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2323967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is a strong predictor of the incidence of cardiovascular events and target organ damage due to hypertension. The present study investigated whether year-to-year blood pressure variability predicts the risk of hypertension in the Japanese general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analysed 2806 normotensive individuals who participated in our physical check-up program for five years in a row from 2008 to 2013. The average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, average real variability, and highest value of systolic blood pressure in the five consecutive visits were determined and used as baseline data. The participants were followed up for the next 6 years with the development of 'high blood pressure', an average blood pressure level of ≥140/90 mmHg or the use of antihypertensive medications, as the endpoint. RESULT During follow-up, 'high blood pressure' developed in 389 participants (13.9%, 29.5 per 1 000 person-years). The incidence increased across the quartiles of standard deviation and average real variability, while the average and highest systolic blood pressure had the most prominent impact on the development of 'high blood pressure'. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible risk factors indicated that the average, standard deviation, average real variability, and highest blood pressure, but not the coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure, were significant predictors of 'high blood pressure'. CONCLUSION Increased year-to-year blood pressure variability predicts the risk of hypertension in the general normotensive population. The highest blood pressure in the preceding years may also be a strong predictor of the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | | | - Sumiyo Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Mirai Kousei Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naomi Kawakatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazusa Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takeru Isogaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Enshu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Dohi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Wu W, Liu R, Guo S, Song W, Hua Y, Hong M, Zheng J, Zhu Y, Cao P, Duan JA. Mechanism and functional substances of Saiga antelope horn in treating hypertension with liver-yang hyperactivity syndrome explored using network pharmacology and metabolomics. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 330:118193. [PMID: 38636578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saiga antelope horn (SAH) is a traditional Chinese medicine for treating hypertension with liver-yang hyperactivity syndrome (Gan-Yang-Shang-Kang, GYSK), that has a long history of clinical application and precise efficacy, but its mechanism and functional substances are still unknown. Based on the demand for alternative research on the rare and endangered SAH, the group designed and carried out the following studies. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this research was to demonstrate the functional substances and mechanisms of SAH in the treatment of GYSK hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GYSK-SHR model was constructed by administering a decoction of aconite to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Blood pressure (BP), behavioural tests related to GYSK, and pathological changes in the kidneys, heart and aorta were measured to investigate the effects of SAH on GYSK-SHRs. Proteomic analysis was used to identify the keratins and peptides of SAH. Moreover, network pharmacology and plasma metabolomics studies were carried out to reveal the mechanisms by which functional peptides in SAH regulate GYSK-hypertension. RESULTS SAH has a significant antihypertensive effect on GYSK hypertensive animals. It has also been proven to be effective in protecting the function and structural integrity of the kidneys, heart and aorta. Moreover, SAH improved the abnormalities of 31 plasma biomarkers in rats. By constructing a "biomarker-target-peptide" network, 10 functional peptides and two key targets were screened for antihypertensive effects of SAH. The results indicated that SAH may exert a therapeutic effect by re-establishing the imbalance of renin-angiotensin (RAS) system. CONCLUSIONS Functional peptides from keratin contained in SAH are the main material basis for the treatment of GYSK-hypertension and exhibited the protective effect on the GYSK-SHR model through the RAS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui Liu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wencong Song
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongqing Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Animal-Derived Chinese Medicine and Functional Peptides International Collaboration Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Manzi G, Recchioni T, Badagliacca R, Papa S, Vizza CD. Fixed-dose combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Pros & cons. Int J Cardiol 2024; 406:132003. [PMID: 38561109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Quality of life of patients suffering from chronic diseases is inevitably conditioned by the number of pills taken during the day. To improve patients' tolerability, compliance and quality of life and reduce healthcare costs, pharmaceutical companies are focusing on the commercialization of fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies. The last ESC/ERS guidelines for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) recommend initial dual combination therapy for newly diagnosed patients at low or intermediate mortality risk. In this regard, polypills including an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5-i) could represent an useful therapeutic strategy, although with some limitations. To date, evidence about the use of FDCs in PAH is limited but future studies evaluating their safety and efficacy are welcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Manzi
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Recchioni
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Papa
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Yang S, Li Z, Yi J, Pan M, Cao W, Ma J, Zhang P. Nebivolol, an antihypertensive agent, has new application in inhibiting melanoma. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:512-524. [PMID: 38602174 PMCID: PMC11078289 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Repurposing existing drugs for cancer therapy has become an important strategy because of its advantages, such as cost reduction, effect and safety. The present study was designed to investigate the antimelanoma effect and possible mechanisms of action of nebivolol, which is an approved and widely prescribed antihypertensive agent. In this study, we explored the effect of nebivolol on cell proliferation and cell activity in melanoma in vitro and the potential antimelanoma mechanism of nebivolol through a series of experiments, including the analysis of the effects with regard to cell apoptosis and metastasis. Furthermore, we evaluated the antimelanoma effect on xenograft tumor models and inspected the antimelanoma mechanism of nebivolol in vivo using immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining assays. As results in this work, in vitro , nebivolol possessed a strong activity for suppression proliferation and cell cycle arrest on melanoma. Moreover, nebivolol significantly induced cell apoptosis in melanoma through a mitochondrial-mediated endogenous apoptosis pathway. Additionally, nebivolol inhibited melanoma cell metastasis. More importantly, nebivolol exhibited significantly effective melanoma xenograft models in vivo , which related to the mechanism of apoptosis induction, proliferation inhibition, metastasis blocking and angiogenesis arrest. Overall, the data of the present study recommend that nebivolol holds great potential in application as a novel agent for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Jiamei Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Mingyue Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Weiling Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong
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12
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Sanusi AA, Sinkey RG, Tita ATN. Clinical Trials That Have Changed Obstetric Practice: The Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy (CHAP) Trial. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 67:411-417. [PMID: 38465909 PMCID: PMC11062801 DOI: 10.1097/grf.0000000000000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We describe the evolution of treatment recommendations for chronic hypertension (CHTN) in pregnancy, the CHTN and pregnancy (CHAP) trial, and its impact on obstetric practice. The US multicenter CHAP trial showed that antihypertensive treatment for mild CHTN in pregnancy [blood pressures (BP)<160/105 mm Hg] to goal<140/90 mm Hg, primarily with labetalol or nifedipine compared with no treatment unless BP were severe reduced the composite risk of superimposed severe preeclampsia, indicated preterm birth <35 weeks, placental abruption, and fetal/neonatal death. As a result of this trial, professional societies in the United States recommended treatment of patients with CHTN in pregnancy to BP goal<140/90 mm Hg.
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13
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Bridgeman MB, Dalal KS. Combination medications for hypertension. Nursing 2024; 54:61. [PMID: 38758001 DOI: 10.1097/nsg.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Barna Bridgeman
- Mary Barna Bridgeman is a clinical professor at the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. She maintains a clinical practice as an adult internal medicine clinical pharmacist at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in New Brunswick, N.J. Kavitha S. Dalal is a critical care clinical pharmacist at Virtual Hospital - Marlton Campus
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14
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Kreutz R, Brunström M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, Kjeldsen SE, Muiesan ML, Thomopoulos C, Tsioufis K, Mancia G. Beta-blocker bashing and downgrading in hypertension management: a fashionable trend representing a matter of concern. J Hypertens 2024; 42:966-967. [PMID: 38690902 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold Kreutz
- Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Mattias Brunström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden
| | - Michel Burnier
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrzej Januszewicz
- Department of Hypertension, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sverre E Kjeldsen
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Ullevaal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria L Muiesan
- OC 2 Medicina, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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15
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Wald NJ, Hingorani AD, Vale SH, Bestwick JP, Morris J. Comparing screening based on the NHS Health Check and Polypill Prevention Programmes in the primary prevention of heart attacks and strokes. J Med Screen 2024; 31:59-65. [PMID: 38486473 PMCID: PMC11083722 DOI: 10.1177/09691413241235488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the NHS Health Check Programme with the Polypill Prevention Programme in the primary prevention of heart attacks and strokes. DESIGN Use of published data and methodology to produce flow charts of the two programmes to determine screening performance and heart attacks and strokes prevented. SETTING The UK population. INTERVENTION The NHS Health Check Programme using a QRISK score on people aged 40-74 to select those eligible for a statin is compared with the Polypill Prevention Programme in people aged 50 or more to select people for a combination of a statin and three low-dose blood pressure lowering agents. In both programmes, people had no history of heart attack or stroke. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In 1000 people, the number of heart attacks and strokes prevented in the two programmes. RESULTS In the hypothetical perfect situation with 100% uptake and adherence to the screening protocol, in every 1000 persons, the NHS Health Check would prevent 287 cases of a heart attack or stroke in individuals who would gain on average about 4 years of life without a heart attack or stroke amounting to 1148 years in total, the precise gain depending on the extent of treatment for those with raised blood pressure, and 136 would be prescribed statins with no benefit. The corresponding figures for the Polypill Prevention Programme are 316 individuals who would, on average, gain 8 years of life without a heart attack or stroke, amounting to 2528 years in total, and 260 prescribed the polypill with no benefit. Based on published estimates of uptake and adherence in the NHS Health Check Programme, in practice only 24 cases per 1000 are currently benefitting instead of 287, amounting to 96 years gained without a heart attack or stroke. CONCLUSIONS The Polypill Prevention Programme is by design simpler with the potential of preventing many more heart attacks and strokes than the NHS Health Check Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Wald
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Population Health Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan P Bestwick
- Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joan Morris
- Population Health Research Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
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16
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Pham AT, Bradley C, Hou K, Herbert P, Boland MV, Ramulu PY, Yohannan J. The Impact of Achieving Target Intraocular Pressure on Glaucomatous Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in a Treated Clinical Population. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 262:213-221. [PMID: 38035974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the effect of being below and above the clinician-set target intraocular pressure (IOP) on rates of glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in a treated real-world clinical population. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS A total of 3256 eyes (1923 patients) with ≥5 reliable optical coherence tomography scans and 1 baseline visual field test were included. Linear mixed-effects modeling estimated the effects of the primary independent variables (mean target difference [measured IOP - target IOP] and mean IOP, mm Hg) on the primary dependent variable (RNFL slope, µm/y) while accounting for additional confounding variables (age, biological sex, race, baseline RNFL, baseline pachymetry, and disease severity). A spline term accounted for differential effects when above (target difference >0 mm Hg) and below (target difference ≤0 mm Hg) target pressure. RESULTS Eyes below and above target had significantly different mean RNFL slopes (-0.44 vs -0.71 µm/y, P < .001). Each 1 mm Hg increase above target had a 0.143 µm/y faster rate of RNFL thinning (P < .001). Separating by disease severity, suspect, mild, moderate, and advanced glaucoma had 0.135 (P = .002), 0.116 (P = .009), 0.203 (P = .02), and 0.65 (P = .22) µm/y faster rates of RNFL thinning per 1 mm Hg increase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Being above the clinician-set target pressure is associated with more rapid RNFL thinning in suspect, mild, and moderate glaucoma. Faster rates of thinning were also present in advanced glaucoma, but statistical significance was limited by the lower sample size of eyes above target and the optical coherence tomography floor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex T Pham
- From the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (A.T.P., C.B., P.Y.R., J.Y.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chris Bradley
- From the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (A.T.P., C.B., P.Y.R., J.Y.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kaihua Hou
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University (K.H., P.H., J.Y.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick Herbert
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University (K.H., P.H., J.Y.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael V Boland
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (M. V. B.), USA
| | - Pradeep Y Ramulu
- From the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (A.T.P., C.B., P.Y.R., J.Y.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jithin Yohannan
- From the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (A.T.P., C.B., P.Y.R., J.Y.), Baltimore, Maryland; Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University (K.H., P.H., J.Y.), Baltimore, Maryland.
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17
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Kramer T, Nattmann P, Gerhardt F, Stafiej P, Dumitrescu D, ten Freyhaus H, Wißmüller M, Hohmann C, Baldus S, Rosenkranz S. Impact of rapid sequential combination therapy on distinct haemodynamic measures in newly diagnosed pulmonary arterial hypertension. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1540-1552. [PMID: 38224960 PMCID: PMC11098663 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), upfront combination therapy with ERA and PDE5i is associated with a reduction in morbidity and mortality events and improves standard haemodynamics, but data remain limited. Aims of this study were (i) to capture detailed haemodynamic effects of rapid sequential dual combination therapy in patients with newly diagnosed PAH; (ii) to monitor the impact of treatment initiation on clinical variables and patients' risk status, and (iii) to compare the treatment effect in patients with 'classical PAH' and 'PAH with co-morbidities'. METHODS Fifty patients (median age 57 [42-71] years, 66% female) with newly diagnosed PAH (76% idiopathic) were treated with a PD5i/sGC-S or ERA, followed by addition of the respective other drug class within 4 weeks. All patients underwent repeat right heart catheterization (RHC) during early follow-up. RESULTS At early repeat RHC (7 ± 2 months), there were substantial reductions in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP: 52.2 ± 13.5 to 39.0 ± 10.6 mmHg; -25.3%), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR: 12.1 ± 5.7 to 5.8 ± 3.1 WU; -52.1%), and an increase in cardiac index (2.1 ± 0.4 to 2.7 ± 0.7 mL/min/m2; +32.2%) (all P < 0.05). Haemodynamic improvements correlated with improved clinical parameters including 6-min walking distance (336 ± 315 to 389 ± 120 m), NTproBNP levels (1.712 ± 2.024 to 506 ± 550 ng/L, both P < 0.05) and WHO-FC at 12 months, resulting in improved risk status, and were found in patients with few (n = 37) or multiple cardiovascular co-morbidities (BMI > 30 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease [≥3]; n = 13), albeit baseline PVR in PAH patients with multiple co-morbidities was lower (9.3 ± 4.4 vs. 13.1 ± 5.9 WU) and PVR reduction less pronounced compared with those with few co-morbidities (-42.7% vs. -54.7%). However, comprehensive haemodynamic assessment considering further variables of prognostic relevance such as stroke volume index and pulmonary artery compliance showed similar improvements among the two groups (SVI: +50.0% vs. +49.2%; PAC: 91.7% vs. 100.0%). Finally, the 4-strata risk assessment approach was better able to capture treatment response as compared with other approaches, particularly in patients with co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS Rapid sequential combination therapy with PDE5i/sGC-S and ERA substantially ameliorates cardiopulmonary haemodynamics at early follow-up in patients without, and to a lesser extent, with cardiovascular co-morbidities. This occurs in line with improvements of clinical parameters and risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Kramer
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Phillip Nattmann
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Felix Gerhardt
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Patrycja Stafiej
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Daniel Dumitrescu
- Klinik für Allgemeine und Interventionelle KardiologieHerz‐ und Diabeteszentrum NRWBad OeynhausenGermany
| | - Henrik ten Freyhaus
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC)Klinikum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Max Wißmüller
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Christopher Hohmann
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC)Klinikum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Klinik III für Innere MedizinHerzzentrum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC)Klinikum der Universität zu KölnCologneGermany
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18
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Novack GD. Regulation of Ophthalmic Ocular Hypotensive Drug Approval in the United States Over the Past 140 Years. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 262:A1-A3. [PMID: 38417571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Novack
- From the Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; PharmaLogic Development, Inc., San Rafael, California, USA.
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19
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Rubin D, Lo DF, Jammula S, Carroll N, Vasudevan M. Optimizing treatment outcomes: integrating antihypertensive drug concentration measurement, personalized feedback, and psychosocial factors in resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1105-1106. [PMID: 38690909 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rubin
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick
- Future Forward Research Institute 501(c)3, Toms River
| | - David F Lo
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford
- School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick
- Future Forward Research Institute 501(c)3, Toms River
| | - Sriharsha Jammula
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virtua Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Camden
| | - Nathan Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune Township
| | - Mahesh Vasudevan
- Department of Psychiatry, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mount Laurel, New Jersey, USA
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20
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Nolde JM, Atkins E, Marschner S, Hillis GS, Chalmers J, Billiot L, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Hay P, Burke M, Jansen S, Usherwood T, Rodgers A, Chow CK, Schlaich MP. Ambulatory blood pressure after 12 weeks of quadruple combination of quarter doses of blood pressure medication vs. standard medication. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1009-1018. [PMID: 38501351 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of four ultra-low-dose blood pressure (BP) medications lowered office BP more effectively than initial monotherapy in the QUARTET trial. The effects on average ambulatory BP changes at 12 weeks have not yet been reported in detail. METHODS Adults with hypertension who were untreated or on monotherapy were eligible for participation. Overall, 591 participants were randomized to either the quadpill (irbesartan 37.5 mg, amlodipine 1.25 mg, indapamide 0.625 mg, and bisoprolol 2.5 mg) or monotherapy control (irbesartan 150 mg). The difference in 24-h, daytime, and night-time systolic and diastolic ambulatory BP at 12 weeks along further metrics were predefined secondary outcomes. RESULTS Of 576 participants, 289 were randomized to the quadpill group and 287 to the monotherapy group. At 12 weeks, mean 24-h ambulatory SBP and DBP were 7.7 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 9.6-5.8] and 5.3 (95% CI: 6.5-4.1) mmHg lower in the quadpill vs. monotherapy group ( P < 0.001 for both). Similar reductions in the quadpill group were observed for daytime (8.1/5.7 mmHg lower) and night-time (6.3/4.0 mmHg lower) BP at 12 weeks (all P < 0.001) compared to monotherapy. The rate of BP control (24-h average BP < 130/80 mmHg) at 12 weeks was higher in the quadpill group (77 vs. 50%; P < 0.001). The reduction in BP load was also more pronounced with the quadpill. CONCLUSION A quadruple quarter-dose combination compared with monotherapy resulted in greater ambulatory BP lowering across the entire 24-h period with higher ambulatory BP control rates and reduced BP variability at 12 weeks. These findings further substantiate the efficacy of an ultra-low-dose quadpill-based BP lowering strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Emily Atkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Simone Marschner
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Graham S Hillis
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Laurent Billiot
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine Monash University, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | | | - Michael Burke
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales
| | | | - Tim Usherwood
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Clara K Chow
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, University of Sydney
- Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
- Neurovascular Hypertension & Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Peeters LEJ, Koch BCP, Versmissen J. Reply to 'optimizing treatment outcomes: integrating antihypertensive drug concentration measurement, personalized feedback, and psychosocial factors in resistant hypertension'. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1106-1107. [PMID: 38690910 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L E J Peeters
- Erasmus MC, Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Center Rotterdam
- Maasstad Hospital, Department of Hospital Pharmacy
| | - B C P Koch
- Erasmus MC, Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Center Rotterdam
| | - J Versmissen
- Erasmus MC, Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Center Rotterdam
- Erasmus MC, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Zhao S, Xie Y, Ding X, Zheng C, Chen J, Zhao N, Ji Y, Wang Q, Liu Y, Cheng C. Exploring the causal relationship between antihypertensive drugs and glioblastoma by combining drug target Mendelian randomization study, eQTL colocalization, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:3425-3433. [PMID: 38450887 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate a potential oncogenic role of antihypertensive drugs in common cancers. However, it remains uncertain whether this phenomenon influences the risk of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This study aimed to assess the potential causal effects of blood pressure (BP) and antihypertensive drugs on GBM. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and GBM in Europeans were downloaded. To represent the effects of antihypertensive drugs, we utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SBP/DBP adjacent to the coding regions of different antihypertensive drugs as instrumental variables to model five antihypertensive drugs, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, β-receptor blockers (BBs), and thiazide diuretics. Positive control studies were performed using GWAS data in chronic heart failure. The primary method for causality estimation was the inverse-variance-weighted method. Mendelian randomization analysis showed that BBs with the β1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) as a therapeutic target could significantly reduce the risk of GBM by mediating DBP (OR = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.267-0.697, p < .001) and that they could also significantly reduce the risk of GBM by mediating SBP (OR = 0.595, 95% CI: 0.422-0.837, p = .003). Sensitivity analysis and colocalization analysis reinforced the robustness of these findings. Finally, the low expression of the ADRB1 gene in malignant gliomas was found by GBM data from TCGA and single-cell RNA sequencing, which most likely contributed to the poor prognosis of GBM patients. In summary, our study provides preliminary evidence of some causal relationship between ADRB1-targeted BBs and glioblastoma development. However, more studies are needed to validate these findings and further reveal the complex relationship between BP and GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Ding
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chuanhua Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuankun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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23
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Frösen J, Räisänen S, Lindgren A. Reply to the letter by Yin et al. 'Reevaluating the impact of antihypertensive medication on intracranial aneurysm formation: a call for clarification and further study'. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16272. [PMID: 38445774 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhana Frösen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University and University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Räisänen
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Lindgren
- Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Balgobin S, Basak S, Teoh CW, Noone D. Hypertension in diabetes. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1739-1758. [PMID: 37831122 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, is increasing in prevalence in all age groups, including children and adolescents. Much of the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes is closely related to hypertension, often coincident with diabetes. Comorbid hypertension and diabetes often worsen the outcomes of each other, likely rooted in some overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. In this educational review, we will discuss the shared pathophysiology of diabetes and hypertension, particularly in regard to inflammation and oxidative stress, the sympathetic nervous system, vascular remodeling, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We will also review current hypertension diagnosis and management guidelines from many international jurisdictions for both adult and paediatric populations in the setting of diabetes. Many of these guidelines highlight the use and utility of RAAS blockers in this clinical scenario; however, on review of the evidence for their use, several meta-analyses and systematic reviews fail to demonstrate superiority of RAAS blockers over other anti-hypertensive medications. Finally, we discuss several new anti-hypertensive medications, review their mechanisms of action, and highlight some of the evidence for their use in the setting of hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Balgobin
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sanjukta Basak
- Pediatric Endocrinologist, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chia Wei Teoh
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Damien Noone
- Division of Paediatric Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Legrand F, Motiejunaite J, Arnoult F, Lahens A, Tabibzadeh N, Robert-Mercier T, Rouzet F, De Pinho NA, Vrtovsnik F, Flamant M, Vidal-Petiot E. Prevalence and factors associated with masked hypertension in chronic kidney disease. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1000-1008. [PMID: 38647162 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optimal blood pressure (BP) control is key to prevent cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We described the prevalence and factors associated with masked hypertension in CKD. METHODS We analyzed 1113 ambulatory 24-h BP monitoring (ABPM) records of 632 patients referred for kidney function evaluation. Masked hypertension was defined as office BP less than 140/90 mmHg but daytime BP at least 135/85 mmHg or nighttime BP at least 120/70 mmHg. Factors associated with masked hypertension were assessed with mixed logistic regression models. RESULTS At inclusion, 424 patients (67%) had controlled office BP, of whom 56% had masked hypertension. In multivariable analysis conducted in all visits with controlled office BP ( n = 782), masked hypertension was positively associated with male sex [adjusted OR (95% confidence interval) 1.91 (1.16-3.27)], sub-Saharan African origin [2.51 (1.32-4.63)], BMI [1.11 (1.01-1.17) per 1 kg/m 2 ], and albuminuria [1.29 [1.12 - 1.47] per 1 log unit), and was negatively associated with plasma potassium (0.42 [0.29 - 0.71] per 1 mmol/L) and 24-h urinary potassium excretion (0.91 [0.82 - 0.99] per 10 mmol/24 h) as well as the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) blockers (0.56 [0.31 - 0.97]) and diuretics (0.41 [0.27 - 0.72]). CONCLUSION Our findings support the routine use of ABPM in CKD, as more than half of the patients with controlled office BP had masked hypertension. Weight control, higher potassium intake (with caution in advanced CKD), correction of hypokalemia, and larger use of diuretics and RAAS blockers could be potential levers for better out-of-office BP control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justina Motiejunaite
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FHU APOLLO, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris
- Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Inserm U1018, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif
| | - Florence Arnoult
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FHU APOLLO, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard
| | - Alexandre Lahens
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FHU APOLLO, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris
| | - Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FHU APOLLO, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris
- Université Paris Cité, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1138, Cordeliers Research Center
| | - Tiphaine Robert-Mercier
- Departement de Biochimie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - François Rouzet
- Université Paris Cité, Paris
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS
| | - Natalia Alencar De Pinho
- Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Paris-Saclay University, Inserm U1018, Versailles Saint-Quentin University, Clinical Epidemiology Team, Villejuif
| | - François Vrtovsnik
- Université Paris Cité, Paris
- Center for Research on Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1149
- Service de Néphrologie, FHU APOLLO, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Martin Flamant
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FHU APOLLO, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris
- Center for Research on Inflammation, Université Paris Cité, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1149
| | - Emmanuelle Vidal-Petiot
- Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, FHU APOLLO, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard
- Université Paris Cité, Paris
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS
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Yin Z, Wang A, Zhao J. Reevaluating the impact of antihypertensive medication on intracranial aneurysm formation: a call for clarification and further study. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16271. [PMID: 38419557 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Anjie Wang
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Guangyuan, Guangyuan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
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Quester R, Björck S, Manhem K, Nåtman J, Andersson S, Hjerpe P. Improving cardiovascular control in a hypertensive population in primary care. Results from a staff training intervention. Scand J Prim Health Care 2024; 42:347-354. [PMID: 38456742 PMCID: PMC11003316 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2024.2326470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A pilot study to evaluate a staff training intervention implementing a nurse-led hypertension care model. DESIGN AND SETTING Clinical and laboratory data from all primary care centres (PCCs) in the Swedish region Västra Götaland (VGR), retrieved from regional registers. Intervention started 2018 in 11 PCCs. A total of 190 PCCs served as controls. Change from baseline was assessed 2 years after start of intervention. INTERVENTION Training of selected personnel, primarily in drug choice, team-based care, measurement techniques, and use of standardized medical treatment protocols. PATIENTS Hypertensive patients without diabetes or ischemic heart disease were included. The intervention and control groups contained approximately 10,000 and 145,000 individuals, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mmHg, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) <3.0 mmol/L, BP ending on -0 mmHg (digit preference, an indirect sign of manual measuring technique), choice of antihypertensive drugs, cholesterol lowering therapy and attendance patterns were measured. RESULTS In the intervention group, the percentage of patients reaching the BP target did not change significantly, 56%-61% (control 50%-52%), non-significant. However, the percentage of patients with LDL-C < 3.0 mmol/L increased from 34%-40% (control 36%-36%), p = .043, and digit preference decreased, 39%-27% (control 41%-35%), p = 0.000. The number of antihypertensive drugs was constant, 1.63 - 1.64 (control 1.62 - 1.62), non-significant, but drug choice changed in line with recommendations. CONCLUSION Although this primary care intervention based on staff training failed to improve BP control, it resulted in improved cardiovascular control by improved cholesterol lowering treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Quester
- Närhälsan Bollebygd Health Care Centre, Bollebygd, Sweden
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Manhem
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Per Hjerpe
- Primary Health Care, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Regionhälsan R&D Centre, Skaraborg Primary Care, Skövde, Sweden
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Shantsila E, Beevers DG, Lip GY. For Debate: The 2023 European Society of Hypertension guidelines - cause for concern. J Hypertens 2024; 42:948-950. [PMID: 38634468 PMCID: PMC11064907 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Originally, the beta-blockers were equally ranked alongside the other antihypertensive drug classes. Things changed when two major long-term randomized controlled trials, ASCOT-BPLA and LIFE showed that the patients receiving the beta-blockers based regimes suffered 25-30% more strokes than those receiving a calcium channel blocker based regime or an angiotensin receptor blocker based regime. The inferiority of the beta-blockers at stroke prevention was not due to differences in blood pressure control during the follow-up period in both trials. The 2023 European Society of Hypertension (ESH) guidelines still argue in favour of beta-blockers that their clinical inferiority was simply to lesser blood pressure reduction rather than class effect. The analysis argues that the return of beta-blockers as a first-line option for the management of uncomplicated hypertension by the ESH is a cause for concern and should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Shantsila
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool
| | - D. Gareth Beevers
- University of Birmingham Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gregory Y.H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Kokko E, Choudhary MK, Mutanen A, Honkonen M, Tikkakoski A, Koskela JK, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen E, Viukari M, Matikainen N, Nevalainen PI, Pörsti I. Volume overload is a major characteristic in primary aldosteronism: a 3-year follow-up study. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1057-1065. [PMID: 38406920 PMCID: PMC11064919 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined haemodynamics, focusing on volume balance and forward and backward wave amplitudes, before and after 2.8 years of targeted treatment of primary aldosteronism. Patients with essential hypertension and normotensive individuals were examined for comparison ( n = 40 in each group). METHODS Recordings were performed using radial artery pulse wave analysis and whole-body impedance cardiography. Unilateral aldosteronism was treated with adrenalectomy ( n = 20), bilateral aldosteronism with spironolactone-based medication ( n = 20), and essential hypertension with standard antihypertensive agents. RESULTS Aortic SBP and DBP, forward and backward wave amplitudes, and systemic vascular resistance were equally elevated in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension. All these haemodynamic variables were similarly reduced by the treatments. Primary aldosteronism presented with 1 litre (∼10%) extracellular water excess ( P < 0.001) versus the other groups, and this excess was normalized by treatment. Initial pulse wave velocity (PWV) was similarly increased in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension, but final values remained higher in primary aldosteronism ( P < 0.001). In regression analyses, significant explanatory factors for treatment-induced forward wave amplitude reduction were decreased systemic vascular resistance ( β = 0.380) and reduced extracellular water volume ( β = 0.183). Explanatory factors for backward wave amplitude reduction were changes in forward wave amplitude ( β = 0.599), heart rate ( β = -0.427), and PWV ( β = 0.252). CONCLUSION Compared with essential hypertension, the principal haemodynamic difference in primary aldosteronism was higher volume load. Volume excess elevated forward wave amplitude, which was subsequently reduced by targeted treatment of primary aldosteronism, along with normalization of volume load. We propose that incorporating extracellular water evaluation alongside routine diagnostics could enhance the identification and diagnosis of primary aldosteronism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Kokko
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
| | | | - Aapo Mutanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
| | - Milja Honkonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
| | - Antti Tikkakoski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine
| | - Jenni K. Koskela
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
- Immunopharmacology Research Group, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
- Immunopharmacology Research Group, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere
| | - Marianna Viukari
- Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Matikainen
- Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ilkka Pörsti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital
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Wang J, Xu J, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu R, Wang W, Gao C. Heart rate deceleration and acceleration capacities associated with circadian rhythm of blood pressure in essential hypertension. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:257. [PMID: 38760695 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the potential association between the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and deceleration capacity (DC)/acceleration capacity (AC) in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS This study included 318 patients with essential hypertension, whether or not they were being treated with anti-hypertensive drugs, who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Patients were categorized into three groups based on the percentage of nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) dipping: the dipper, non-dipper and reverse dipper groups. Baseline demographic characteristics, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring parameters, Holter recordings (including DC and AC), and echocardiographic parameters were collected. RESULTS In this study, the lowest DC values were observed in the reverse dipper group, followed by the non-dipper and dipper groups (6.46 ± 2.06 vs. 6.65 ± 1.95 vs. 8.07 ± 1.79 ms, P < .001). Additionally, the AC gradually decreased (-6.32 ± 2.02 vs. -6.55 ± 1.95 vs. -7.80 ± 1.73 ms, P < .001). There was a significant association between DC (r = .307, P < .001), AC (r=-.303, P < .001) and nocturnal SBP decline. Furthermore, DC (β = 0.785, P = .001) was positively associated with nocturnal SBP decline, whereas AC was negatively associated with nocturnal SBP (β = -0.753, P = .002). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, deceleration capacity [OR (95% CI): 0.705 (0.594-0.836), p < .001], and acceleration capacity [OR (95% CI): 1.357 (1.141-1.614), p = .001] were identified as independent risk factors for blood pressure nondipper status. The analysis of ROC curves revealed that the area under the curve for DC/AC in predicting the circadian rhythm of blood pressure was 0.711/0.697, with a sensitivity of 73.4%/65.1% and specificity of 66.7%/71.2%. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal DC and AC density were correlated with a blunted decline in nighttime SBP, suggesting a potential association between the circadian rhythm of blood pressure in essential hypertension patients and autonomic nervous dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijing Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - You Zhang
- Henan Institute of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Heart Center, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Heart Center, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Function, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Heart Center, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital Heart Center, No. 1 Fuwai Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451464, China.
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Ueno M, Fujii W, Ono W, Murata H, Fujigaki Y, Shibata S. Renin Inhibition and the Long-Term Renal Function in Patients With Hypertensive Emergency: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:407-414. [PMID: 37819695 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rehospitalization rate in a hypertensive emergency is high, indicating the necessity for optimizing its long-term management. The role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade in this disorder remains uncertain. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis involving 20 admitted patients who received aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor (DRI), for the management of hypertensive emergency associated with elevated plasma renin activity (PRA). We analyzed the changes in blood pressure (BP), kidney function, and RAS activity in the subacute and chronic phases. RESULTS The use of DRI was associated with a marked reduction in PRA (median, from 25.0 to 1.2 ng/ml/h) and serum aldosterone levels (from 404 to 130 pg/ml) during the index admission. BP also decreased from 226/143 to 142/80 mm Hg. A comparison of clinical characteristics according to the renal function indicated that dialysis-dependent patients had higher aldosterone levels than non-dialysis-dependent patients at admission, despite comparable BP levels. After a median follow-up of 567 days in non-dialysis-dependent patients with DRI, eGFR levels were significantly increased from 14.3 to 23.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. PRA levels were consistently suppressed at 0.8 ng/ml/h. We found a significant correlation between the degree of PRA suppression and changes in eGFR (r = -0.58), indicating that the effective blockade of RAS is associated with the preservation of eGFR in the study subjects. CONCLUSIONS DRI can successfully suppress PRA in patients with high-renin hypertensive emergency in both subacute and chronic phases. An efficient RAS blockade is associated with preserved renal function in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Ono
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujigaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Cuspidi C, Facchetti R, Quarti-Trevano F, Dell'Oro R, Mancia G, Grassi G. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index as a Marker of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Treated Hypertensives: Findings From the Pamela Study. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:399-406. [PMID: 38441300 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings regarding the association between Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and cardiac hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD), such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) assessed by echocardiography, in elderly hypertensive patients are scanty. We sought to investigate this issue in the hypertensive fraction of the general population treated with anti-hypertensive drugs enrolled in the Pressioni Monitorate E Loro Associazioni (PAMELA) study. METHODS The study included 239 out of 562 participants who attended the second and third surveys of the PAMELA study performed after 10 and 25 years from the initial evaluation. Data collection included medical history, anthropometric parameters, office, home, ambulatory blood pressure (BP), blood examinations, echocardiography, and CAVI measurements. RESULTS In the whole study sample (age 69 ± 9 years, 54% males), CAVI was positively correlated with age, office, home, ambulatory systolic BP, LV mass (LVM) index, and negatively associated with body mass index (BMI). In multivariate analysis, CAVI was associated with the LVM index (P < 0.05) independently of major confounders. The participants with LVH exhibited significantly higher CAVI (10.6 ± 2.8 vs. 9.2 ± 1.8 m/s P < 0.001), larger left atrial diameter, and lower LV ejection fraction values than their counterparts without it. The CAVI value of 9.4 m/s was the best cut-off for prediction of LVH in the whole sample. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new evidence of an independent association between CAVI and LVH in treated elderly hypertensive patients and suggests that the use of this metric of arterial stiffness could not only be used to evaluate vascular damage but also to stratify the risk of LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Facchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Raffaella Dell'Oro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Shajahan S, Peters R, Carcel C, Woodward M, Harris K, Anderson CS. Hypertension and Mild Cognitive Impairment: State-of-the-Art Review. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:385-393. [PMID: 38214550 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-life hypertension is associated with cognitive decline and dementia in later life. Reducing high blood pressure (BP) with antihypertensive agents is a well-researched strategy to prevent dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there is still limited direct evidence to support the approach, and particularly for the treatment of the very old and those with existing MCI. METHODS This review presents an overview of the current evidence for the relationship between MCI and hypertension, and of the potential pathophysiological mechanisms related to cognitive decline and incidence dementia in relation to aging. RESULTS Although observational data are near consistent in showing an association between mid-life hypertension and MCI and/or dementia, the evidence in relation to hypertension in younger adults and the very old (age >80 years) is much more limited. Most of the commonly available antihypertensive agents appear to provide beneficial effects in reducing the risk dementia, but there is limited evidence to support such treatment in those with existing MCI. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are needed to determine the optimal levels of BP control across different age groups, especially in adults with MCI, and which class(es) of antihypertensive agents and duration of treatment best preserve cognitive function in those at risk of, or with established, MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultana Shajahan
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth Peters
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheryl Carcel
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Woodward
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Professorial Unit, The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Harris
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig S Anderson
- Brain Health Program, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Health Partners, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bakris G, Chen C, Campbell AK, Ashton V, Haskell L, Singhal M. Real-World Impact of Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Apparent Treatment-Resistant or Difficult-to-Control Hypertension and Stages 3 and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:438-446. [PMID: 38436491 PMCID: PMC11094384 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity in patients with apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH). We assessed clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization events, and costs in patients with aTRH or difficult-to-control hypertension and stage 3-4 CKD with uncontrolled vs. controlled BP. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used linked IQVIA Ambulatory EMR-US and IQVIA PharMetrics Plus claims databases. Adult patients had claims for ≥3 antihypertensive medication classes within 30 days between 01/01/2015 and 06/30/2021, 2 office BP measures recorded 1-90 days apart, ≥1 claim with ICD-9/10-CM diagnosis codes for CKD 3/4, and ≥1 year of continuous enrollment. Baseline BP was defined as uncontrolled (≥130/80 mm Hg) or controlled (<130/80 mm Hg) BP. Outcomes included risk of major adverse cardiovascular events plus (MACE+; stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), healthcare resource utilization events, and costs during follow-up. RESULTS Of 3,966 patients with stage 3-4 CKD using ≥3 antihypertensive medications, 2,479 had uncontrolled BP and 1,487 had controlled BP. After adjusting for baseline differences, patients with uncontrolled vs. controlled BP had a higher risk of MACE+ (HR [95% CI]: 1.18 [1.03-1.36]), ESRD (1.85 [1.44-2.39]), inpatient hospitalization (rate ratio [95% CI]: 1.35 [1.28-1.43]), and outpatient visits (1.12 [1.11-1.12]) and incurred higher total medical and pharmacy costs (mean difference [95% CI]: $10,055 [$6,741-$13,646] per patient per year). CONCLUSIONS Patients with aTRH and stage 3-4 CKD and uncontrolled BP despite treatment with ≥3 antihypertensive classes had an increased risk of MACE+ and ESRD and incurred greater healthcare resource utilization and medical expenditures compared with patients taking ≥3 antihypertensive classes with controlled BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bakris
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Veronica Ashton
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lloyd Haskell
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mukul Singhal
- Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
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Yum Y, Kim JH, Joo HJ, Kim YH, Kim EJ. Three-Year Cardiovascular Outcomes of Telmisartan in Patients With Hypertension: An Electronic Health Record-Based Cohort Study. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:429-437. [PMID: 38285627 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telmisartan exhibits superior efficacy in controlling 24-h blood pressure (BP) compared with other angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). However, data on its cardiovascular effects in patients with hypertension are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes in patients taking telmisartan compared to those taking other ARBs. METHODS This multicenter retrospective study used data from the Korea University Medical Center database, built from electronic health records. A total of 19,247 patients taking two or more antihypertensive medications were identified. Patients prescribed telmisartan (telmisartan users) were compared with those prescribed an ARB other than telmisartan (other ARB users). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hospitalizations due to heart failure. The adjusted outcomes were compared using 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching. RESULTS Overall, 3,437 (17.9%) patients were telmisartan users. These patients were more likely to be younger and male and less likely to have a history of chronic kidney disease, dialysis, or heart failure. In the PS-matched cohort, BP control was similar in both groups; however, telmisartan users exhibited significantly lower visit-to-visit BP variability. The adjusted 3-year MACE rate was similar between telmisartan users (4.6%) and other ARB users (4.7%, log-rank P = 0.75), with comparable safety profiles. CONCLUSIONS In real-world practice, telmisartan showed cardiovascular outcomes similar to those of other ARBs in patients with hypertension taking two or more antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjin Yum
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea University Research Institute for Medical Bigdata Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Ju Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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MacLaughlin EJ, Saseen JJ. It's About Blood Pressure Reduction and Control. Am J Hypertens 2024; 37:396-398. [PMID: 38447001 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J MacLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, Texas, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph J Saseen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Samples L, Voutsinas J, Fakhri B, Khajavian S, Spurgeon S, Stephens D, Skarbnik A, Mato A, Broome C, Gopal A, Smith S, Lynch R, Rainey M, Kim MS, Barrett-Campbell O, Hemond E, Tsang M, Ermann D, Malakhov N, Rao D, Shakib-Azar M, Morrigan B, Chauhan A, Plate T, Gooley T, Ryan K, Lansigan F, Hill B, Pongas G, Parikh SA, Roeker L, Allan JN, Cheng R, Ujjani C, Shadman M. Hypertension treatment for patients receiving ibrutinib: a multicenter retrospective study. Blood Adv 2024; 8:2085-2093. [PMID: 38315043 PMCID: PMC11063398 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) are generally well tolerated and less toxic than chemotherapy alternatives used to treat lymphoid malignancies, BTKis like ibrutinib have the potential to cause new or worsening hypertension (HTN). Little is known about the optimal treatment of BTKi-associated HTN. Randomly selected patients with lymphoid malignancies on a BTKi and antihypertensive drug(s) and with at least 3 months of follow-up data were sorted into 2 groups: those diagnosed with HTN before BTKi initiation (prior-HTN), and those diagnosed with HTN after BTKi initiation (de novo HTN). Generalized estimating equations assessed associations between time varying mean arterial pressures (MAPs) and individual anti-HTN drug categories. Of 196 patients included in the study, 118 had prior-HTN, and 78 developed de novo HTN. Statistically significant mean MAP reductions were observed in patients with prior-HTN who took β blockers (BBs) with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), (-5.05 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.0 to -0.0596; P = .047), and patients diagnosed with de novo HTN who took either an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) with HCTZ (-5.47 mmHg; 95% CI, 10.9 to -0.001; P = .05). These regimens also correlated with the greatest percentages of normotensive MAPs. Treatment of HTN in patients taking a BTKi is challenging and may require multiple antihypertensives. Patients with prior-HTN appear to benefit from combination regimens with BBs and HCTZ, whereas patients with de novo HTN appear to benefit from ACEi/ARBs with HCTZ. These results should be confirmed in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Samples
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jenna Voutsinas
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Bita Fakhri
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sirin Khajavian
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen Spurgeon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Deborah Stephens
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - Anthony Mato
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Catherine Broome
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Ajay Gopal
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen Smith
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ryan Lynch
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Magdalena Rainey
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Myung Sun Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Emily Hemond
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Mazie Tsang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel Ermann
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nikita Malakhov
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Danielle Rao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Beth Morrigan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ayushi Chauhan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Thomas Plate
- Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Ted Gooley
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Frederick Lansigan
- Hematology/Oncology Section, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Brian Hill
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Georgios Pongas
- Division of Hematology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | - Lindsey Roeker
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - John N. Allan
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Richard Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Chaitra Ujjani
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Mazyar Shadman
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Rubin LJ. Is There a Role for Calcium Channel Blockers in the Contemporary Treatment Paradigm for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Circulation 2024; 149:1565-1567. [PMID: 38739700 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY. Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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Rodriguez-Luna D, Pancorbo O, Llull L, Silva Y, Prats-Sanchez L, Muchada M, Rudilosso S, Terceño M, Ramos-Pachón A, Hernandez Guillamon M, Coscojuela P, Blasco J, Perez-Hoyos S, Chamorro A, Molina CA. Effects of Achieving Rapid, Intensive, and Sustained Blood Pressure Reduction in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion and Functional Outcome. Neurology 2024; 102:e209244. [PMID: 38598746 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The time taken to achieve blood pressure (BP) control could be pivotal in the benefits of reducing BP in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We aimed to assess the relationship between the rapid achievement and sustained maintenance of an intensive systolic BP (SBP) target with radiologic, clinical, and functional outcomes. METHODS Rapid, Intensive, and Sustained BP lowering in Acute ICH (RAINS) was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study of adult patients with ICH <6 hours and SBP ≥150 mm Hg at 4 Comprehensive Stroke Centers during a 4.5-year period. Patients underwent baseline and 24-hour CT scans and 24-hour noninvasive BP monitoring. BP was managed under a rapid (target achievement ≤60 minutes), intensive (target SBP <140 mm Hg), and sustained (target stability for 24 hours) BP protocol. SBP target achievement ≤60 minutes and 24-hour SBP variability were recorded. Outcomes included hematoma expansion (>6 mL or >33%) at 24 hours (primary outcome), early neurologic deterioration (END, 24-hour increase in NIH Stroke Scale score ≥4), and 90-day ordinal modified Rankin scale (mRS) score. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, anticoagulation, onset-to-imaging time, ICH volume, and intraventricular extension. RESULTS We included 312 patients (mean age 70.2 ± 13.3 years, 202 [64.7%] male). Hematoma expansion occurred in 70/274 (25.6%) patients, END in 58/291 (19.9%), and the median 90-day mRS score was 4 (interquartile range, 2-5). SBP target achievement ≤60 minutes (178/312 [57.1%]) associated with a lower risk of hematoma expansion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.77), lower END rate (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23-0.80), and lower 90-day mRS scores (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32-0.74). The mean 24-hour SBP variability was 21.0 ± 7.6 mm Hg. Higher 24-hour SBP variability was not related to expansion (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95-1.04) but associated with higher END rate (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09-1.21) and 90-day mRS scores (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.10). DISCUSSION Among patients with acute ICH, achieving an intensive SBP target within 60 minutes was associated with lower hematoma expansion risk. Rapid SBP reduction and stable sustention within 24 hours were related to improved clinical and functional outcomes. These findings warrant the design of randomized clinical trials examining the impact of effectively achieving rapid, intensive, and sustained BP control on hematoma expansion. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that in adults with spontaneous ICH and initial SBP ≥150 mm Hg, lowering SBP to <140 mm Hg within the first hour and maintaining this for 24 hours is associated with decreased hematoma expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodriguez-Luna
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olalla Pancorbo
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Llull
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Silva
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Prats-Sanchez
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marián Muchada
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvatore Rudilosso
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Terceño
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ramos-Pachón
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernandez Guillamon
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Coscojuela
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Blasco
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Perez-Hoyos
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Chamorro
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Molina
- From the Department of Neurology (D.R.-L., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Stroke Research Group (D.R.-L., O.P., M.M., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Medicine (D.R.-L., O.P.), Autonomous University of Barcelona; Department of Neuroscience (L.L., S.R., A.C.), Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona; Department of Neurology (Y.S., M.T.), Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona; Department of Neurology (L.P.-S., A.R.-P.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Neurovascular Research Group (M.H.G.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute; Department of Neuroradiology (P.C.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.B.), CDI, Hospital Clínic; and Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit (S.P.-H.), Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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Haring B, Andrews CA, Hovey K, Shadyab AH, LaCroix A, Martin LW, Rosal MC, Kuller LH, Salmoirago-Blotcher E, Saquib N, Koo P, Laddu D, Stefanick ML, Manson JE, Wassertheil-Smoller S, LaMonte MJ. Systolic Blood Pressure and Survival to Very Old Age: Results From the Women's Health Initiative. Circulation 2024; 149:1568-1577. [PMID: 38623761 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and longevity is not fully understood. We aimed to determine which SBP levels in women ≥65 years of age with or without blood pressure medication were associated with the highest probability of surviving to 90 years of age. METHODS The study population consisted of 16 570 participants enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative who were eligible to survive to 90 years of age by February 28, 2020, without a history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or cancer. Blood pressure was measured at baseline (1993 through 1998) and then annually through 2005. The outcome was defined as survival to 90 years of age with follow-up. Absolute probabilities of surviving to 90 years of age were estimated for all combinations of SBP and age using generalized additive logistic regression modeling. The SBP that maximized survival was estimated for each age, and a 95% CI was generated. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 19.8 years, 9723 of 16 570 women (59%) survived to 90 years of age. Women with an SBP between 110 and 130 mm Hg at attained ages of 65, 70, 75, and 80 years had a 38% (95% CI, 34%-48%), 54% (52%-56%), 66% (64%-67%), or 75% (73%-78%) absolute probability to survive to 90 years of age, respectively. The probability of surviving to 90 years of age was lower for greater SBP levels. Women at the attained age of 80 years with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, or 100% time in therapeutic range (defined as an SBP between 110 and 130 mm Hg) had a 66% (64%-69%), 68% (67%-70%), 71% (69%-72%), 73% (71%-74%), 75% (72%-77%), or 77% (74%-79%) absolute survival probability to 90 years of age. CONCLUSIONS For women >65 years of age with low cardiovascular disease and other chronic disease risk, an SBP level <130 mm Hg was found to be associated with longevity. These findings reinforce current guidelines targeting an SBP target <130 mm Hg in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Haring
- Department of Medicine III, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany (B.H.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (B.H., S.W.-S.)
| | - Chris A Andrews
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY (C.A.A., K.H., M.J.L.)
| | - Kathleen Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY (C.A.A., K.H., M.J.L.)
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine (A.H.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science (A.H.S., A.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Andrea LaCroix
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science (A.H.S., A.L.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC (L.W.M.)
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (M.C.R.)
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (L.H.K.)
| | | | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Saudi Arabia (N.S.)
| | - Patrick Koo
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Baroness Erlanger Hospital, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga (P.K.)
| | - Deepika Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago (D.L.)
| | - Marcia L Stefanick
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA (M.L.S.)
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA (M.L.S.)
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.E.M.)
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (B.H., S.W.-S.)
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo-SUNY, Buffalo, NY (C.A.A., K.H., M.J.L.)
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Gerhardt F, Fiessler E, Olsson KM, Kayser MZ, Kovacs G, Gall H, Ghofrani HA, Badr Eslam R, Lang IM, Benjamin N, Grünig E, Halank M, Lange TJ, Ulrich S, Leuchte H, Held M, Klose H, Ewert R, Wilkens H, Pizarro C, Skowasch D, Wissmüller M, Hellmich M, Olschewski H, Hoeper MM, Rosenkranz S. Positive Vasoreactivity Testing in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Therapeutic Consequences, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes in the Modern Management Era. Circulation 2024; 149:1549-1564. [PMID: 38606558 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), acute vasoreactivity testing during right heart catheterization may identify acute vasoresponders, for whom treatment with high-dose calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is recommended. However, long-term outcomes in the current era remain largely unknown. We sought to evaluate the implications of acute vasoreactivity response for long-term response to CCBs and other outcomes. METHODS Patients diagnosed with PAH between January 1999 and December 2018 at 15 pulmonary hypertension centers were included and analyzed retrospectively. In accordance with current guidelines, acute vasoreactivity response was defined by a decrease of mean pulmonary artery pressure by ≥10 mm Hg to reach <40 mm Hg, without a decrease in cardiac output. Long-term response to CCBs was defined as alive with unchanged initial CCB therapy with or without other initial PAH therapy and World Health Organization functional class I/II and/or low European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society risk status at 12 months after initiation of CCBs. Patients were followed for up to 5 years; clinical measures, outcome, and subsequent treatment patterns were captured. RESULTS Of 3702 patients undergoing right heart catheterization for PAH diagnosis, 2051 had idiopathic, heritable, or drug-induced PAH, of whom 1904 (92.8%) underwent acute vasoreactivity testing. A total of 162 patients fulfilled acute vasoreactivity response criteria and received an initial CCB alone (n=123) or in combination with another PAH therapy (n=39). The median follow-up time was 60.0 months (interquartile range, 30.8-60.0), during which overall survival was 86.7%. At 12 months, 53.2% remained on CCB monotherapy, 14.7% on initial CCB plus another initial PAH therapy, and the remaining patients had the CCB withdrawn and/or PAH therapy added. CCB long-term response was found in 54.3% of patients. Five-year survival was 98.5% in long-term responders versus 73.0% in nonresponders. In addition to established vasodilator responder criteria, pulmonary artery compliance at acute vasoreactivity testing, low risk status and NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) levels at early follow-up correlated with long-term response and predicted survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data display heterogeneity within the group of vasoresponders, with a large subset failing to show a sustained satisfactory clinical response to CCBs. This highlights the necessity for comprehensive reassessment during early follow-up. The use of pulmonary artery compliance in addition to current measures may better identify those likely to have a good long-term response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gerhardt
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University Hospital Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
| | - Eva Fiessler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University Hospital Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
| | - Karen M Olsson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., M.M.H.)
- German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., H.G., H.A.G., E.G., H.L., M.M.H.)
| | - Moritz Z Kayser
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., M.M.H.)
- German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., H.G., H.A.G., E.G., H.L., M.M.H.)
| | - Gabor Kovacs
- Klinische Abteilung für Lungenkrankheiten, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Lungengefäßforschung, Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Henning Gall
- German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., H.G., H.A.G., E.G., H.L., M.M.H.)
- Abteilung Pneumologie, Medizinische Klink II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Universities of Gießen & Marburg Lung Center, Standort Gießen, Germany (H.G., H.A.G.)
| | - H Ardeschir Ghofrani
- German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., H.G., H.A.G., E.G., H.L., M.M.H.)
- Abteilung Pneumologie, Medizinische Klink II, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Universities of Gießen & Marburg Lung Center, Standort Gießen, Germany (H.G., H.A.G.)
| | - Roza Badr Eslam
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Kardiologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria (R.B.E., I.M.L.)
| | - Irene M Lang
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Kardiologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria (R.B.E., I.M.L.)
| | - Nicola Benjamin
- Zentrum für Pulmonale Hypertonie, Thoraxklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (N.B., E.G.)
| | - Ekkehard Grünig
- German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., H.G., H.A.G., E.G., H.L., M.M.H.)
- Zentrum für Pulmonale Hypertonie, Thoraxklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (N.B., E.G.)
| | - Michael Halank
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinik Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany (M. Halank)
| | - Tobias J Lange
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinik Regensburg, Germany (T.J.L.)
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Switzerland (S.U.)
| | - Hanno Leuchte
- German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., H.G., H.A.G., E.G., H.L., M.M.H.)
- Klinik der barmherzigen Schwestern, Krhs Neuwittelsbach, LMU München, Germany (H.L.)
| | - Matthias Held
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Missioklinik Würzburg, Germany (M. Held)
| | - Hans Klose
- Centrum für Pulmonale Hypertonie Hamburg, Sektion Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (H.K.)
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Pneumologie/Infektiologie, Universitätsklinik Greifswald, Germany (R.E.)
| | - Heinrike Wilkens
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany (H.W.)
| | - Carmen Pizarro
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany (C.P., D.S.)
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany (C.P., D.S.)
| | - Max Wissmüller
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University Hospital Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institut für Medizinische Statistik und Bioinformatik, Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Universität zu Köln, Germany (M. Hellmich)
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Klinische Abteilung für Lungenkrankheiten, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Medizinische Universität Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Lungengefäßforschung, Graz, Austria (G.K., H.O.)
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., M.M.H.)
- German Center for Lung Research, Neuherberg, Germany (K.M.O., M.Z.K., H.G., H.A.G., E.G., H.L., M.M.H.)
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at the University Hospital Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
- Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Cologne, Germany (F.G., E.F., M.W., S.R.)
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Skajaa N, Laugesen K, Lauffenburger JC, Schwamm LH, Sørensen HT, Patorno E. Trends in the Use of Medications for Secondary Ischemic Stroke Prevention in Denmark, 2005-2021. Neurology 2024; 102:e209309. [PMID: 38648572 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Understanding trends in the use of medications for secondary stroke prevention is crucial for identifying areas for improvement in stroke care. We examined the use of lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, glucose-lowering, oral anticoagulant, and antiplatelet medications after ischemic stroke hospitalization, from 2005 to 2021. METHODS Using nationwide registries in Denmark, we identified a cohort of patients discharged from hospital with a first-time or recurrent ischemic stroke (N = 150,744). Stratified by calendar year, we ascertained the 180-day probability of filling a prescription for the abovementioned medications after discharge. We further assessed factors associated with medication use. RESULTS From 2005 to 2021, lipid-lowering medication use increased from 58.3% to 82.0%; atorvastatin use rose from 2.1% to 64.8% and simvastatin use decreased from 55.7% to 8.6%. Antihypertensive medication use remained stable, at approximately 89%, and various antihypertensive classes were used comparably. Glucose-lowering medication use increased from 71.5% in 2005 to 84.1% in 2021, driven primarily by an increase in metformin use (from 28.0% to 59.5%). Use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors continually increased (from 1.7% to 17.5% and from 0.5% to 17.3%, respectively) between 2015 and 2021. Anticoagulant medication use rose from 45.9% in 2005 to 87.0% in 2021, primarily because of increased use of direct oral anticoagulant medications starting around 2010 and a decline in warfarin use. Antiplatelet use remained consistently high, at approximately 95%. Trends were consistent across subgroups of interest; however, overall medication use was lower in older patients (65 years and older), patients with severe stroke, and patients with neurologic and psychiatric comorbidities. DISCUSSION Despite increasing trends in the use of 3 of 5 medication classes, the overall use of lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, and oral anticoagulant medications was somewhat lower than expected according to clinical guidelines, particularly among older patients with more severe stroke and other comorbidities. The relatively low use in these subgroups may signify appropriate clinical decision making in consideration of frequent contraindications and reduced life expectancy or highlight potential areas of improvement for the care of patients with recent ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Skajaa
- From the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine (N.S., K.L., H.T.S.), Aarhus University; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (K.L.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine (J.C.L., E.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Yale School of Medicine (L.H.S.), New Haven, CT
| | - Kristina Laugesen
- From the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine (N.S., K.L., H.T.S.), Aarhus University; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (K.L.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine (J.C.L., E.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Yale School of Medicine (L.H.S.), New Haven, CT
| | - Julie C Lauffenburger
- From the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine (N.S., K.L., H.T.S.), Aarhus University; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (K.L.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine (J.C.L., E.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Yale School of Medicine (L.H.S.), New Haven, CT
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- From the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine (N.S., K.L., H.T.S.), Aarhus University; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (K.L.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine (J.C.L., E.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Yale School of Medicine (L.H.S.), New Haven, CT
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- From the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine (N.S., K.L., H.T.S.), Aarhus University; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (K.L.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine (J.C.L., E.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Yale School of Medicine (L.H.S.), New Haven, CT
| | - Elisabetta Patorno
- From the Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine (N.S., K.L., H.T.S.), Aarhus University; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (K.L.), Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine (J.C.L., E.P.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Yale School of Medicine (L.H.S.), New Haven, CT
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Sotatercept (Winrevair) for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Med Lett Drugs Ther 2024; 66:73-5. [PMID: 38696310 DOI: 10.58347/tml.2024.1702a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
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Zakraoui M, Outman A, Kinambamba MS, Bouhrim M, Ndjib RC, Al Kamaly O, Alshawwa SZ, Seid AB, Cordier J, Ngoupayo J, Longo-Mbenza B, Gressier B, Parvez MK, Pasković I, Hamrouni L, Eto B. Ifanosine: Olea europaea L. and Hyphaene thebaica L. combination, from traditional utilization to rational formulation: Preclinical and clinical efficacy on hypertensives patients. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 325:117834. [PMID: 38309486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Olea europaea L. and Hyphaene thebaica L. are commonly employed by traditional healers in Africa for treating and preventing hypertension, either individually or in a polyherbal preparation (Ifanosine). AIM OF THE STUDY The primary aim was to assess the antihypertensive effects of Olea europaea L. leaves aqueous extract (OEL), Hyphaene thebaica L. mesocarp extract (HT), and the Ifanosine on isolated rat aorta rings. The secondary objective was to evaluate the clinical benefits of a new oral formulation of Ifanosine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro studies using an isometric transducer examined the antihypertensive effects of HT, OEL, and Ifanosine on rat aorta. Ussing chambers technic were employed to measure mucosal to serosal fluxes and total transepithelial electrical conductance (Gt) to assess the intestinal bioavailability of HT, OEL, and Ifanosine. HPLC was utilized to determine the phytochemical composition of OEL and HT extracts. Subchronic toxicity investigations involved two groups of rats, treated with either water (control) or Ifanosine at 5 g/kg for 28 days. Clinical benefits of the new Ifanosine formulation were evaluated in an observational study with 32 hypertensive patients receiving a fixed oral dose of 3.5 mg three times a day for 30 days. RESULTS Aqueous extracts induced dose-dependent relaxation of rat aorta rings, with HT and OEL having higher IC50 values than Ifanosine (IC50 = 44.76 ± 1.35 ng/mL, 58.67 ± 1.02 ng/mL, and 29.46 ± 0.26 ng/mL, respectively). The pA2 values of OEL and HT were 1 and 0.6, respectively, while Ifanosine was 0.06. Intestinal bioavailability studies revealed better Prazosin bioavailability than plant extracts. Toxicological studies demonstrated the safety of Ifanosine, supported by histological examinations and biochemical parameters in rat blood. Biochemical analyses indicated flavonoids and phenolic acids as dominant active constituents. Clinical benefits in humans included reduced SBP, DBP, LDL-c, VLDL-c, and TAG, and increased HDL-c without overt adverse effects. CONCLUSION This study validates the traditional use of OEL and HT for hypertension and advocates for alternative and combinatorial polyphytotherapy (ACP) to enhance traditional remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Zakraoui
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000, Lille, France; Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory for the Management and development of Forest resources INRGREF, University of Carthage, Tunisia.
| | - Ahlam Outman
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Milène Simone Kinambamba
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000, Lille, France; Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Team of Functional and Pathological Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Beni Mellal, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal, 23000, Morocco.
| | - Rosette Christelle Ndjib
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000, Lille, France; Laboratory of Botany and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical research and Medicinal Plants Studies, B0 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abakar Bechir Seid
- Direction of Pharmacopeia and Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health and Prevention, B.P. 440, N'djamena, Chad; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Bo 1634, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Janine Cordier
- Chad-China Friendship Hospital Center, N'djamena. Chad, Chad.
| | - Joseph Ngoupayo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Bo 1634, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo and LOMO University for research, LIMETE, RDC, Kinshasa, Congo.
| | - Bernard Gressier
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Mohammad Khalid Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440, Poreč, Croatia.
| | - Lamia Hamrouni
- Laboratory for the Management and development of Forest resources INRGREF, University of Carthage, Tunisia.
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratories TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Lille, 3, rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, F-59000, Lille, France.
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Li H, Wang M, Qian F, Wu Z, Liu W, Wang A, Guo X. Association between untreated and treated blood pressure levels and cognitive decline in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal study. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:104. [PMID: 38730505 PMCID: PMC11083800 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal blood pressure (BP) levels to reduce the long-term risk of cognitive decline remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between BP and anti-hypertensive treatment status with cognitive decline in older adults. METHODS This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Cognitive function was assessed at year 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. Global cognitive Z-score was calculated as the average score of episodic memory and mental intactness. BP were measured at the first and second wave. Pulse pressure (PP) was calculated as systolic BP (SBP) minus diastolic BP. Cumulative BP was calculated as the area under the curve using BP measurements from 2011 to 2013. Linear mixed models were used to assess the longitudinal association between BP-related measurements and cognitive decline. RESULTS We included 11,671 participants (47.3% men and mean age 58.6 years). Individual with BP > 140/90 mm Hg or taking anti-hypertensive medication were independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline (β=-0.014, 95% CI: -0.020 to -0.007). Individuals with anti-hypertensive medication use, but with controlled SBP to less than 120 mm Hg did not have a significantly increased risk of cognitive decline compared with normotension (β=-0.003, 95% CI: -0.021 to 0.014). Individuals on anti-hypertensive treatment with PP of more than 70 mm Hg had a significantly higher risk of cognitive decline (β=-0.033, 95% CI: -0.045 to -0.020). Regardless of anti-hypertensive treatment status, both elevated baseline and cumulative SBP and PP were found to be independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively elevated SBP, PP and uncontrolled BP were associated with subsequent cognitive decline. Effectively controlling BP with anti-hypertensive treatment may be able to preserve cognitive decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu, Chaoyang District, 100020, Beijing, China.
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Frank Qian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weida Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Jasińska-Stroschein M, Dymek J, Drozd M, Sierpniowska O, Jędra A, Stankiewicz A, Stasiak P, Cholewa S, Nowakowska M, Waszyk-Nowaczyk M. An evaluation of written materials for supporting hypertensive patient education and counselling when performing a new medicine service in Poland. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:521. [PMID: 38730316 PMCID: PMC11088063 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The New Medicine Service (NMS) was developed in England more than ten years ago, as a three-stage consultation led by community pharmacists to support patients taking new medication for a chronic disease. In Poland, the scheme was officially introduced in January 2023. However, its implementation into common practice has been presented with various obstacles, including the need to develop relationships with general practitioners, resolve the payment structure, and provide training with adequate supporting materials. Hence, written materials have been designed for use as an optional tool for counselling patients receiving an NMS in community pharmacies. METHODS The present study evaluates the ability of these materials to inform patients about the need to adhere to anti-hypertensive medication. A group of 401 randomly-selected adult visitors to pharmacies and/or healthcare centres were surveyed; one third had hypertension in their history. RESULTS The structure, grammar and readability of the text achieved the required threshold of 40% according to the Plain Language Index. The designed materials effectively informed the patients about anti-hypertensive medication, reflected in an increased score in a knowledge test, and were rated positively regarding information level, comprehensibility and presentation. CONCLUSION The proposed material may serve as an additional, "patient-friendly" educational tool for use as part of an NMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Dymek
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Mariola Drozd
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, Lublin, 20-059, Poland
| | - Olga Sierpniowska
- Hospital Pharmacy, Independent Public Health Care Institution in Szczebrzeszyn, Zygmunta Klukowskiego 3, Szczebrzeszyn, 22-460, Poland
| | - Artur Jędra
- Council of District Chamber of Pharmacy, Zeromskiego 77/6, Warsaw, 01-882, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stankiewicz
- Lubusz Pharmacy Chamber Council, Wojska Polskiego 37, Pharmacy, Zielona Góra, 65-077, Poland
| | - Paulina Stasiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, Lodz, 90-151, Poland
| | - Sylwia Cholewa
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, Lodz, 90-151, Poland
| | - Magdalena Nowakowska
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Care Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Magdalena Waszyk-Nowaczyk
- Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Care Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
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Zhou J, Xu B, He F, Shu Y, Chen X, Liu Z, Sun B, Zhang W. Association of RASGRP1 polymorphism with vascular complications in Chinese diabetic patients with glycemic control and antihypertensive treatment. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:166. [PMID: 38730425 PMCID: PMC11088008 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that RASGRP1 was potently associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and RASGRP1 rs7403531 was significantly correlated with islet function in T2DM patients. However, the effect of RASGRP1 polymorphism on blood glucose and blood pressure in T2DM patients after continuous treatment has yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the association between RASGRP1 genetic polymorphism and cardiovascular complications in T2DM patients, so as to provide more evidence for the individualized treatment of T2DM patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a large-scale multicenter drug clinical study cohort that based on a 2 × 2 factorial (glucose control axis and blood pressure lowering axis) randomized controlled design, with follow-up for 5 years. The major vascular endpoint events included cardiovascular death, non-fatal stroke, coronary heart disease, new-onset or worsening renal disease, and diabetic retinopathy. RASGRP1 rs12593201, rs56254815 and rs7403531 were finally selected as candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms. Mixed linear model and Cox hazard ratio (HR) model were used for data analysis with IBM SPSS (version 20.0 for windows; Chicago, IL). RESULTS Our study enrolled 1357 patients with high-risk diabetes, with a mean follow-up duration of 4.8 years. RASGRP1 rs7403531 was associated with vascular events in hypoglycemic and antihypertensive therapy. Specifically, compared with CC carriers, patients with CT/TT genotype had fewer major microvascular events (HR = 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.21-0.80, P = 0.009), and reduced the risk of major eye disease events (HR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.94, P = 0.03). For glucose lowering axis, CT/TT carriers had a lower risk of secondary nephropathy (HR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.92, P = 0.03) in patients with standard glycemic control. For blood pressure lowering axis, all cerebrovascular events (HR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.11-4.51, P = 0.025) and stroke events (HR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.15, P = 0.04) were increased in patients with CC genotype compared to those with CT/TT genotype in the placebo group, respectively. Furthermore, patients with CC genotype showed a reduced risk of major cerebrovascular events in antihypertensive group (HR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.86, P = 0.021). For RASGRP1 rs56254815, compared with the AA genotype carriers, the systolic blood pressure of AG/GG carriers in the antihypertensive group decreased by 1.5mmhg on average (P = 0.04). In the placebo group, the blood pressure of AG/GG carriers was 1.7mmHg higher than that of AA carriers (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION We found that patients with G allele of RASGRP1 (rs56254815) showed a better antihypertensive therapy efficacy in T2DM patients. The rs7403531 T allele could reduce the risk of major microvascular events and major eye diseases in T2DM patients receiving either hypoglycemic or antihypertensive therapy. Our findings suggest that RASGRP1 genetic polymorphism might predict the cardiovascular complications in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rode, Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fazhong He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rode, Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy-Quality control section of medical department, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rode, Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rode, Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rode, Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, People's Middle Street, Changsha, 410011, Hunan , P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Provincial Clinical Medical Research Center for Drug Evaluation of Major Chronic Diseases, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rode, Kaifu district, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.
- Pharmacogenetics Research Institute, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Brush JE, Lu Y, Liu Y, Asher JR, Li SX, Sawano M, Young P, Schulz WL, Anderson M, Burrows JS, Krumholz HM. Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033253. [PMID: 38686864 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The digital transformation of medical data enables health systems to leverage real-world data from electronic health records to gain actionable insights for improving hypertension care. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a serial cross-sectional analysis of outpatients of a large regional health system from 2010 to 2021. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or recorded treatment with antihypertension medications. We evaluated 4 methods of using blood pressure measurements in the electronic health record to define hypertension. The primary outcomes were age-adjusted prevalence rates and age-adjusted control rates. Hypertension prevalence varied depending on the definition used, ranging from 36.5% to 50.9% initially and increasing over time by ≈5%, regardless of the definition used. Control rates ranged from 61.2% to 71.3% initially, increased during 2018 to 2019, and decreased during 2020 to 2021. The proportion of patients with a hypertension diagnosis ranged from 45.5% to 60.2% initially and improved during the study period. Non-Hispanic Black patients represented 25% of our regional population and consistently had higher prevalence rates, higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower control rates compared with other racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS In a large regional health system, we leveraged the electronic health record to provide real-world insights. The findings largely reflected national trends but showed distinctive regional demographics and findings, with prevalence increasing, one-quarter of the patients not controlled, and marked disparities. This approach could be emulated by regional health systems seeking to improve hypertension care.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Brush
- Sentara Health Norfolk VA
- Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk VA
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Yuntian Liu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven CT
| | | | - Shu-Xia Li
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven CT
| | - Mitsuaki Sawano
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven CT
| | - Patrick Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Wade L Schulz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | | | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation Yale-New Haven Hospital New Haven CT
- Department of Health Policy and Management Yale School of Public Health New Haven CT
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Rivier CA, Acosta JN, Leasure AC, Forman R, Sharma R, de Havenon A, Spatz ES, Inzucchi SE, Kernan WN, Falcone GJ, Sheth KN. Secondary Prevention in Patients With Stroke Versus Myocardial Infarction: Analysis of 2 National Cohorts. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033322. [PMID: 38639369 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of preventive therapies among patients with stroke remains inadequately explored, especially when compared with patients with myocardial infarction (MI), despite sharing similar vascular risk profiles. We tested the hypothesis that participants with a history of stroke have a worse cardiovascular prevention profile in comparison to participants with MI. METHODS AND RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses within the UK Biobank and All of Us Research Program, involving 14 760 (9193 strokes, 5567 MIs) and 7315 (2948 strokes, 4367 MIs) participants, respectively, we evaluated cardiovascular prevention profiles assessing low-density lipoprotein (<100 mg/dL), blood pressure (systolic, <140 mm Hg; and diastolic, <90 mm Hg), statin and antiplatelet use, and a cardiovascular prevention score that required meeting at least 3 of these criteria. The results revealed that, within the UK Biobank, patients with stroke had significantly lower odds of meeting all the preventive criteria compared with patients with MI: low-density lipoprotein control (odds ratio [OR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.68-0.78]; P<0.001), blood pressure control (OR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.59-0.68]; P<0.001), statin use (OR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.42-0.48]; P<0.001), antiplatelet therapy use (OR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.27-0.32]; P<0.001), and cardiovascular prevention score (OR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.39-0.45]; P<0.001). Similar patterns were observed in the All of Us Research Program, with significant differences across all comparisons (P<0.05), and further analysis suggested that the odds of having a good cardiovascular prevention score were influenced by race and ethnicity as well as neighborhood deprivation levels (interaction P<0.05 in both cases). CONCLUSIONS In 2 independent national cohorts, patients with stroke showed poorer cardiovascular prevention profiles and lower adherence to guideline-directed therapies compared with patients with MI. These findings underscore the need to explore the reasons behind the underuse of secondary prevention in vulnerable stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyprien A Rivier
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Julian N Acosta
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | - Rachel Forman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Richa Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Adam de Havenon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Erica S Spatz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | - Walter N Kernan
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
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Ørbæk Andersen M, Diederichsen SZ, Svendsen JH, Carlsen J. Continuous heart monitoring to evaluate treatment effects in pulmonary hypertension. Open Heart 2024; 11:e002710. [PMID: 38719497 PMCID: PMC11086549 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2024-002710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has improved rapidly in recent decades. There is increasing evidence to support the role of early intervention and treatment in affecting clinical outcomes in PH. OBJECTIVES To assess treatment effects before and after the escalation of specific PH treatments using continuous heart monitoring with a Reveal LINQ loop recorder. METHODS Patients were compared before and after treatment escalation. Treatment escalation was defined as an additional pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) drug, pulmonary endarterectomy, percutaneous balloon angioplasty or bilateral lung transplantation. Specifically, changes in heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR) and physical activity were assessed. RESULTS In this prospective study, 41 patients (27 with PAH and 14 with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)) were enrolled. Among them, 15 (36.6%) patients underwent PH treatment escalation. Prior to escalation, patients were monitored for a median of 100 (range: 68-100) days and after therapy escalation for a median duration of 165 (range: 89-308) days. In the escalation group, there was a significant increase in HRV, physical activity indexed by daytime HR and a significant decrease in nighttime HR assessed at baseline and after treatment escalation in both the PAH and CTEPH groups. This was paralleled by significant improvements in WHO functional class, 6-min walking distance and N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate an association between specific PH therapies and changes in HRV, HR nighttime and physical activity. This indicates the potential of continuous monitoring in the evaluation of treatment effects in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Ørbæk Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Zoga Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia (DARC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagnen, Denmark
| | - Jørn Carlsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagnen, Denmark
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