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Gagnon E, Arsenault BJ. Drug target Mendelian randomization supports apolipoprotein C3-lowering for lipoprotein-lipid levels reductions and cardiovascular diseases prevention. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117501. [PMID: 38547584 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inhibitors of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC3) are currently approved for the reduction of triglyceride levels in patients with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome. We used drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effect of genetically predicted decrease in apoC3 blood protein levels on cardiometabolic traits and diseases. METHODS We quantified lifelong reductions in apoC3 blood levels by selecting all genome wide significant and independent (r2<0.1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOC3 gene region ±1 Mb, from three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of apoC3 blood protein levels (deCODE, n = 35,378, Fenland, n = 10,708 and ARIC, n = 7213). We included the largest GWASes on 18 cardiometabolic traits and 9 cardiometabolic diseases as study outcomes. RESULTS A one standard deviation lowering in apoC3 blood protein levels was associated with lower triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and glomerular filtration rate as well as higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. ApoC3 lowering was also associated with lower risk of acute pancreatitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91 95% CI = 0.82 to 1.00), aortic stenosis (OR = 0.82 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.93), and coronary artery disease (OR = 0.86 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.93), and was associated with increased parental lifespan (0.06 95% CI = 0.03-0.09 years). These results were concordant across robust MR methods, the three protein datasets and upon adjustment for APOA1, APOA4 and APOA5 using a multivariable MR framework. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that apoC3 lowering could result in widespread benefits for cardiometabolic health and encourage the launch of trials on apoC3 inhibition for coronary artery disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Chebli J, Larouche M, Gaudet D. APOC3 siRNA and ASO therapy for dyslipidemia. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2024; 31:70-77. [PMID: 38334488 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to present the clinical indications of apolipoprotein C-III (apoC3) inhibition in the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of lipid disorders and associated risks and to compare the most advanced modalities of apoC3 inhibition currently available or in development, specifically APOC3 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). RECENT FINDINGS ApoC3 inhibition significantly decreases triglyceride levels by mechanisms coupling both lipoprotein lipase (LPL) upregulation and LPL-independent mechanisms. The main apoC3 inhibitors in advanced clinical development are the GalNAc-ASO olezarsen and the GalNAc-siRNA plozasiran. Clinical studies conducted with volanesorsen, the olezarsen precursor, showed a favorable effect on hepatic steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). Olezarsen does not appear to be associated with the main side effects attributed to volanesorsen including thrombocytopenia. Plozasiran is in advanced clinical development and requires subcutaneous injection every 3 months and present to-date an efficacy and safety profile comparable to that of the monthly ASO. SUMMARY Inhibition of apoC3 is effective across all the spectrum of hypertriglyceridemia, might have a favorable effect on hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) and the effect of apoC3 inhibition on cardiovascular risk is not limited to its effect on plasma triglycerides. APOC3 GalNAc-conjugated ASO and siRNA are both effective in decreasing plasma apoC3 and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chebli
- Clinical lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Community Gene Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
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Packard CJ, Pirillo A, Tsimikas S, Ference BA, Catapano AL. Exploring apolipoprotein C-III: pathophysiological and pharmacological relevance. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 119:2843-2857. [PMID: 38039351 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of pharmacological approaches able to effectively reduce circulating LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) has led to a substantial reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a residual cardiovascular (CV) risk persists in treated individuals with optimal levels of LDL-C. Additional risk factors beyond LDL-C are involved, and among these, elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs) and TG-rich lipoproteins are causally associated with an increased CV risk. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a key regulator of TG metabolism and hence circulating levels through several mechanisms including the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity and alterations in the affinity of apoC-III-containing lipoproteins for both the hepatic receptors involved in their removal and extracellular matrix in the arterial wall. Genetic studies have clarified the role of apoC-III in humans, establishing a causal link with CVD and showing that loss-of-function mutations in the APOC3 gene are associated with reduced TG levels and reduced risk of coronary heart disease. Currently available hypolipidaemic drugs can reduce TG levels, although to a limited extent. Substantial reductions in TG levels can be obtained with new drugs that target specifically apoC-III; these include two antisense oligonucleotides, one small interfering RNA and an antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Center for the Study of Dyslipidaemias, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, 20099 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Yan S, Ding ZY, Gao Y, Mao WJ, Cheng XY. [The role of apolipoprotein C3 in the regulation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, glucose and lipid metabolism, and islet β cell function]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2023; 75:767-778. [PMID: 38151342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
As a member of the apolipoprotein C (ApoC) family with a relatively high content, ApoC3 plays a major role in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to the accumulation of a large amount of fat in the liver in the absence of a history of chronic alcohol consumption or other damage to the liver. A large number of previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between the gene polymorphism and high expression of ApoC3 and NAFLD. In the context of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), this article reviews the relationship between ApoC3 and NAFLD, glucose and lipid metabolism, and islet β cell function, showing that ApoC3 can not only inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activity, delay the decomposition of triglyceride in plasma to maintain the body's energy metabolism during fasting, but also be significantly increased under insulin resistance, prompting the liver to secrete a large amount of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) to induce HTG. Therefore, targeting and inhibiting ApoC3 might become a new approach to treat HTG. Increasing evidence suggests that ApoC3 does not appear to be an independent "contributor" to NAFLD. Similarly, our previous studies have shown that ApoC3 is not an independent factor triggering islet β cell dysfunction in ApoC3 transgenic mice, but in a state of excess nutrition, HTG triggered by ApoC3 high expression may exacerbate the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance on islet β cell function, and the underlying mechanism remains to be further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chongming Branch, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 202157, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the People's Hospital of Guangrao, Dongying 257300, China
| | - Wang-Jia Mao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chongming Branch, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 202157, China.
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Gaudet D, Clifton P, Sullivan D, Baker J, Schwabe C, Thackwray S, Scott R, Hamilton J, Given B, Melquist S, Zhou R, Chang T, San Martin J, Watts GF, Goldberg IJ, Knowles JW, Hegele RA, Ballantyne CM. RNA Interference Therapy Targeting Apolipoprotein C-III in Hypertriglyceridemia. NEJM Evid 2023; 2:EVIDoa2200325. [PMID: 38320498 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2200325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
APOC3-Targeting RNAi for HypertriglyceridemiaThis randomized controlled trial examined the safety and side effects of the small interfering RNA ARO-APOC3 in healthy volunteers and patients with hypertriglyceridemia and chylomicronemia. ARO-APOC3 was associated with few adverse events and no dose-limiting toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gaudet
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - David Sullivan
- NSW Health Pathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney
| | - John Baker
- Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Susan Thackwray
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Bruce Given
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Rong Zhou
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pasadena, CA
| | - Ting Chang
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Abstract
In this issue of NEJM Evidence, Gaudet et al.1 report on safety and efficacy of a strategy targeting apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) using a silencing ribonucleic acid (RNA; ARO-APOC3). In a phase I trial comprising 52 healthy volunteers (triglycerides [TG], >80 mg/dl), 40 patients with hypertriglyceridemia (TG, >300 mg/dl), and 20 patients with chylomicronemia (TG, >880 mg/dl), ARO-APOC3 or placebo was administered subcutaneously either once or twice, with doses given on days 1 and 29. The primary goal was to examine the safety of ARO-APOC3. Injection site reactions were the most commonly observed adverse clinical event; no adverse effects led to discontinuation of the study drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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Larouche M, Khoury E, Brisson D, Gaudet D. Inhibition of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 or 3/8 Complex and ApoC-III in Severe Hypertriglyceridemia. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:1101-1111. [PMID: 38095804 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The role of the inhibition of ANGPTL3 in severe or refractory hypercholesterolemia is well documented, less in severe hyperTG. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical development of ApoC-III inhibitors and ANGPTL3, 4, and 3/8 complex inhibitors for the treatment of severe or refractory forms of hypertriglyceridemia to prevent cardiovascular disease or other morbidities. RECENT FINDINGS APOC3 and ANGPTL3 became targets for drug development following the identification of naturally occurring loss of function variants in families with a favorable lipid profile and low cardiovascular risk. The inhibition of ANGPTL3 covers a broad spectrum of lipid disorders from severe hypercholesterolemia to severe hypertriglyceridemia, while the inhibition of ApoC-III can treat hypertriglyceridemia regardless of the severity. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that ApoC-III inhibitors, ANGPTL3 inhibitors, and inhibitors of the ANGPTL3/8 complex that is formed postprandially are highly effective for the treatment of severe or refractory hypertriglyceridemia. Inhibition of ANGPTL3 or the ANGPTL3/8 complex upregulates LPL and facilitates the hydrolysis and clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) (LPL-dependent mechanisms), whereas ApoC-III inhibitors contribute to the management and clearance of TRL through both LPL-dependent and LPL-independent mechanisms making it possible to successfully lower TG in subjects completely lacking LPL (familial chylomicronemia syndrome). Most of these agents are biologicals including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antisense nucleotides (ASO), small interfering RNA (siRNA), or CRISPR-cas gene editing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Larouche
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Khoury
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Brisson
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Lipidology Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21 Clinical Research Center, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada.
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Syed-Abdul MM, Tian L, Lewis GF. Unanticipated Enhancement of Intestinal TG Output by Apoc3 ASO Inhibition. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2133-2142. [PMID: 37675633 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate whether apoC3 (apolipoprotein C3) inhibition with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) modulates intestinal triglyceride secretion. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of apoC3 ASO 25 mg/kg twice weekly or inactive ASO for 4 weeks before the assessment of lymph flow, triglyceride and apoB48 (apolipoprotein B48) appearance in the lymph. Rats were surgically implanted with catheters in the mesenteric lymph duct and duodenum. Following an overnight fast, an intraduodenal lipid bolus (1.5-mL intralipid) was administered. Lymph fluid was collected for the following 4 hours to compare effects on lymph flow, lymph triglyceride and apoB48 concentration, and secretion. To assess suppression of apoC3 expression and protein abundance by apoC3 ASO compared with inactive ASO (placebo), intestinal and hepatic tissues were collected from a subset of animals before (fasting) and after an enteral lipid bolus (post-lipid). RESULTS ApoC3 ASO significantly reduced apoC3 mRNA expression in the liver compared with inactive ASO (fasting: 42%, P=0.0048; post-lipid: 66%, P<0.001) and in the duodenum (fasting: 29%, P=0.0424; post-lipid: 53%, P=0.0120). As expected, plasma triglyceride also decreased significantly (fasting: 74%, P<0.001; post-lipid: 33%, P=0.0276). Lymph flow and cumulative lymph volume remained unchanged following apoC3 ASO therapy; however, lymph triglyceride, but not apoB48 output, increased by 38% (ANOVA, P<0.001). Last, no changes were observed in stool triglyceride, intestinal fat (quantified via oil red O staining), and expression of mRNAs involved in triglyceride synthesis, lipid droplet formation, and chylomicron transport and secretion. CONCLUSIONS Despite the marked reduction in plasma triglyceride concentration that occurs with apoC3 ASO inhibition, intestinal triglyceride output surprisingly increased rather than decreased. These data demonstrate that the reduction of intestinal triglyceride output does not contribute to the potent plasma triglyceride-lowering observed with this novel therapy for hypertriglyceridemia. Further studies are required to explore the mechanism of this intestinal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lili Tian
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Naber A, Demus D, Slieker R, Nicolardi S, Beulens JWJ, Elders PJM, Lieverse AG, Sijbrands EJG, 't Hart LM, Wuhrer M, van Hoek M. Apolipoprotein-CIII O-Glycosylation, a Link between GALNT2 and Plasma Lipids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14844. [PMID: 37834292 PMCID: PMC10573541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein-CIII (apo-CIII) is involved in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and linked to beta-cell damage, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Apo-CIII exists in four main proteoforms: non-glycosylated (apo-CIII0a), and glycosylated apo-CIII with zero, one, or two sialic acids (apo-CIII0c, apo-CIII1 and apo-CIII2). Our objective is to determine how apo-CIII glycosylation affects lipid traits and type 2 diabetes prevalence, and to investigate the genetic basis of these relations with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on apo-CIII glycosylation. We conducted GWAS on the four apo-CIII proteoforms in the DiaGene study in people with and without type 2 diabetes (n = 2318). We investigated the relations of the identified genetic loci and apo-CIII glycosylation with lipids and type 2 diabetes. The associations of the genetic variants with lipids were replicated in the Diabetes Care System (n = 5409). Rs4846913-A, in the GALNT2-gene, was associated with decreased apo-CIII0a. This variant was associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides, while high apo-CIII0a was associated with raised high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides. Rs67086575-G, located in the IFT172-gene, was associated with decreased apo-CIII2 and with hypertriglyceridemia. In line, apo-CIII2 was associated with low triglycerides. On a genome-wide scale, we confirmed that the GALNT2-gene plays a major role i O-glycosylation of apolipoprotein-CIII, with subsequent associations with lipid parameters. We newly identified the IFT172/NRBP1 region, in the literature previously associated with hypertriglyceridemia, as involved in apolipoprotein-CIII sialylation and hypertriglyceridemia. These results link genomics, glycosylation, and lipid metabolism, and represent a key step towards unravelling the importance of O-glycosylation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Naber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Demus
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Nicolardi
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aloysius G Lieverse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Center, P.O. Box 90052, 5600 PD Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy van Hoek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Qi Y, Chen C, Li X, Liu Y, Qi H, Xue Y, Yang F. Silencing ApoC3 alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TLR signaling pathway. Immunol Res 2023; 71:687-697. [PMID: 37036635 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to confirm whether apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) can regulate the inflammatory response and tissue damage in acute lung injury (ALI) and explore its regulatory pathway. ALI mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ApoC3 levels were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assays. The levels of various inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. Finally, the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related protein [TLR2, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), NF-κB p65, and inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα)], SLP adaptor and CSK interacting membrane protein (SCIMP), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and phosphorylated (p)-Syk was detected by western blot analysis. ApoC3 was overexpressed in ALI mouse lung tissue and cell inflammation model. Silencing ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and alleviated lung tissue damage in ALI mice. Silencing ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and downregulated the expression of TLR2, MyD88, IRAK1, NF-κB p65, and increased IκBα expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, co-transfection of si-TLR2 and shApoC3 further enhanced the inhibitory effects on the levels of inflammatory factors induced by silencing ApoC3. ApoC3 overexpression increased the levels of inflammatory factors and protein expression of SCIMP and p-Syk, while silencing TLR2 reversed the promotive effects of ApoC3 overexpression on above factors. In LPS-induced ALI mouse model and inflammatory cell model, downregulation of ApoC3 reduced inflammatory factors and relieved tissue damage. This process might be achieved through the TLR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Qi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqin Qi
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchang Xue
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, 271199, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyong Yang
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Key Laboratory of Acute Lung Injury Prevention and Treatment, Jinan Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Medicine, Jinan Clinical Research Center of Critical Care Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, 271199, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an insight into the new pharmacological options for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG). RECENT FINDINGS sHTG is difficult to treat. The majority of the traditional pharmacological agents available have limited success in both robustly decreasing triglyceride levels and/or in reducing the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP), the most severe complication of sHTG. Therapeutic options with novel mechanisms of action have been developed, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting APOC3 and ANGPTL3. The review discusses also 2 abandoned drugs for sHTG treatment, evinacumab and vupanorsen. The ASO targeting APOC3, volanesorsen, is approved for use in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) in Europe. Olezarsen, an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated ASO with the same target, seems to have a better safety and efficacy profile. siRNA targeting APOC3 and ANGPTL3, namely ARO-APOC3 and ARO-ANG3, are also promising for the treatment of sHTG. However, the ultimate clinical goal of any sHTG treatment, the decrease in the risk of AP, has not been definitively achieved till now by any pharmacotherapy, either approved or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Kerpener Str. 6, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Schwarz
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Kerpener Str. 6, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiner K. Berthold
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Bethel Clinic (EvKB) and Medical School EWL, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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Zhou J, Mo H, Feng Q, Li L, La J. ApoC3 is expressed in oocytes and increased expression is associated with PCOS progression. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:188. [PMID: 37689737 PMCID: PMC10493025 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong metabolic disorder and the most common cause of anovulatory infertility affecting women in reproductive age. Our recent study reported that apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) could be a potential diagnostic serum marker for metabolism disturbance in PCOS patients, but whether it is present in the ovaries and what role it plays has not yet been described. OBJECTIVE Aimed to investigate ApoC3 expression in ovary of PCOS, and to discuss its potential role in PCOS progression. METHODS ApoC3 expression in ovarian tissue samples from 12 PCOS patients along with 12 healthy controls were measured via immunohistochemistry (IHC). Also, the level of ApoC3 in follicular fluid from 14 patients diagnosed with PCOS and 13 control subjects were detected by ELISA. The expression and location of ApoC3 in ovaries of PCOS mice were tested weekly for three consecutive weeks during PCOS formation using real time PCR, Western Blot, IHC and immunofluorescence. The relation of ApoC3 and sex hormones was analyzed in mouse plasma. Additionally, the dynamic changes of ApoC3 level in ovaries of healthy mice during postnatal development was also investigated. RESULTS ApoC3 levels in ovarian tissue and follicular fluid were significantly higher in PCOS patients than in controls (33.87 ± 4.11 vs. 27.71 ± 3.65, P < 0.01; 0.87 ± 0.09 vs. 0.51 ± 0.32 ng/mL, P < 0.05), respectively. In ovary, ApoC3 was found to be located in the cytoplasm of oocyte, and its expression gradually increased with PCOS progression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that plasma ApoC3 level was closely associated with luteinizing hormone (r = 0.709, P = 0.001), testosterone (r = 0.627, P = 0.005) and anti-mullerian hormone (r = 0.680, P = 0.002) in PCOS mice. In addition, ApoC3 level in oocyte was physiologically increased and peaked on postnatal age 21 (P21), then decreased following P21 in healthy mice. CONCLUSIONS We identified ApoC3 expression in oocyte. It may be involved in PCOS progression and possibly participate in the regulation of oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Zhou
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hui Mo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, 000853, China
| | - Qian Feng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Jiahui La
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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唐 芳, 白 怀, 关 林, 刘 兴, 范 平, 周 密, 吴 玉, 刘 思, 王 玉, 李 德. [Association Between Apolipoprotein C-3 SstⅠ Polymorphism and Serum Lipids in Patients With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 54:994-999. [PMID: 37866958 PMCID: PMC10579069 DOI: 10.12182/20230960505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the apolipoprotein C-3 (APOC3) gene Sst Ⅰ polymorphism and its relationship with changes in serum lipids in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 630 pregnant women with GDM and 1027 normal pregnant controls were covered in the study. The genotype and allele frequencies of APOC3 Sst Ⅰ polymorphism were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose (Glu) were measured by enzymatic methods. Plasma insulin (INS) was measured by chemiluminescence. Apolipoproteins A 1 (apoA1) and B (apoB) levels were measured by turbidimetric immunoassay. Results The allele frequencies of S1 and S2 of the APOC3 polymorphism at the SstⅠ locus were 0.704 and 0.296 in the GDM group and 0.721 and 0.279 in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference in genotype frequency and allele frequency of APOC3 Sst Ⅰ polymorphism between the GDM and the control groups ( P>0.05). In the GDM group, those with S2S2 and S1S2 genotypes had higher plasma HDL-C levels and lower atherogenic index (AI) values than those with S1S1 genotype did, with the differences being statistically significant (all P<0.05). GDM patients were then divided into obesity and non-obesity subgroups. Further subgroup analysis showed that the association of APOC3 genotype with changes in HDL-C levels was observed only in obese GDM patients, while the association of APOC3 genotype with changes in AI values was observed in both obese and nonobese patients. In addition, in obese GDM patients, those with S2S2 genotype had significantly higher plasma TG levels than those with S1S1 and S1S2 genotypes did ( P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). In non-obese GDM patients, those with S2S2 genotype had significantly lower apoB/apoA1 ratio than S2S2 carriers did ( P<0.05). No genotype-related effect on lipid and apolipoprotein variations was evident in the normal controls. Conclusion APOC3 Sst Ⅰ polymorphism in GDM patients is associated with HDL-C and TG levels as well as AI value and apoB/apoA1 ratio. The changes in lipid levels and apolipoprotein ratio showed BMI-dependent features. However, association between polymorphism at the locus and the development of GDM was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- 芳梅 唐
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 怀 白
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 林波 关
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 兴会 刘
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 平 范
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 密 周
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 玉洁 吴
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 思旭 刘
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 玉峰 王
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 德华 李
- 四川大学华西护理学院 /四川大学华西第二医院 质量控制办公室 (成都 610041)West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University/Quality Control Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Pos Z, Khedr M, Radvanszky J, Penesova A, Hekel R, Szemes T, Ranganath LR, Zatkova A. APOC3 and ABCA1 variants in unusual combined hypolipidaemia showing premature peripheral vascular disease. BRATISL MED J 2023; 124:351-355. [PMID: 36876364 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2023_053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial combined hypolipidaemia is a condition characterised by very low concentrations of circulating very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). It is thought that low LDL/combined hypolipidaemia can protect from cardiovascular disease (CVD), but this is not what we found in a case we present. OBJECTIVE We report on a 57-years-old male patient with combined hypolipidaemia who presented with premature peripheral vascular disease. We investigated also his two sons, 32- and 27-years-old, who manifested a tendency to low lipid levels. METHODS AND RESULTS We used Illumina exome analysis in all three individuals and in all of them we could exclude the major effect of the variants within the genes most frequently mutated in hypolipidaemia, including recently reported LIPC gene variant. Instead, in all three individuals we identified a novel ABCA1 variant, possibly responsible for the decreased HDL levels. The proband and one of his sons also share the splicing APOC3 variant rs138326449, known to be associated with decreased TG levels. CONCLUSION The heterogeneous nature and the risk of atherosclerosis in combined hypolipidaemia seems to be variable, based on an interplay between low HDL and LDL levels, and it depends on the combination of variants that cause it (Tab. 2, Ref. 38).
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Recio-López P, Valladolid-Acebes I, Hadwiger P, Hossbach M, Krampert M, Prata C, Berggren PO, Juntti-Berggren L. Treatment of the metabolic syndrome by siRNA targeting apolipoprotein CIII. Biofactors 2023; 49:153-172. [PMID: 36039858 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is increased in obesity-induced insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Emerging evidences support the advantages of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target disease-causing genes. The aim of this study was to develop siRNAs for in vivo silencing of apoCIII and investigate if this results in metabolic improvements comparable to what we have seen using antisense oligonucelotides against apoCIII. Twenty-four siRNAs were synthesized and tested in a dual luciferase reporter assay. The eight best were selected, based on knockdown at 20 nM, and of these, two were selected based on IC50 values. In vivo experiments were performed in ob/ob mice, an obese animal model for diabetes. To determine the dose-dependency, efficacy, duration of effect and therapeutic dose we used a short protocol giving the apoCIII-siRNA mix for three days. To evaluate long-term metabolic effects mice were treated for three days, every second week for eight weeks. The siRNA mix effectively and selectively reduced expression of apoCIII in liver in vivo. Treatment had to be repeated every two weeks to maintain a suppression of apoCIII. The reduction of apoCIII resulted in increased LPL activity, lower triglycerides, reduced liver fat, ceased weight gain, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose homeostasis. No off-target or side effects were observed during the eight-week treatment period. These results suggest that in vivo silencing of apoCIII with siRNA, is a promising approach with the potential to be used in the battle against obesity-induced metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Recio-López
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ismael Valladolid-Acebes
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Juntti-Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, Stockholm, Sweden
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Taşkin E, Bağci H, Turan MK. Investigation of associations between apolipoprotein A5 and C3 gene polymorphisms with plasma triglyceride and lipid levels. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2023; 69:415-420. [PMID: 36921196 PMCID: PMC10004291 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20221016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine frequency and associations between APOA5 c.56C>G, -1131T>C, c.553G>T, and APOC3 -482C>T and SstI gene polymorphisms with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS Under a case-control study model, 135 hypertriglyceridemic and 178 normotriglyceridemic control participants were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were utilized for genotyping. Statistical calculations were performed by comparing allele and genotype frequencies between groups. Clinical characteristics were compared between groups and intra-group genotypes. RESULTS APOC3 gene -482C>T and SstI polymorphic genotypes and allele frequencies were significantly higher in hypertriglyceridemic group (genotype frequencies, p=0.035, p=0.028, respectively). Regression analysis under unadjusted model confirmed that APOC3 -482C>T and SstI polymorphisms were significantly contributing to have hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.02, odds ratio [OR]=1.831 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.095-3.060); p=0.04, OR=1.812 (1.031-3.183), respectively). APOA5 c.56C>G was in complete linkage disequilibrium with APOA5 c.553G>T polymorphism (D'=1). CONCLUSION For the first time in a population sample from Turkey, among the five polymorphisms of APOA5 and APOC3 genes investigated, APOC3 -482C>T and SstI polymorphisms were associated with elevated serum TG levels, while APOA5 c.56C>G, -1131T>C, and c.553G>T polymorphisms were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Taşkin
- Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Genetics – Bandırma, Turkey
- Corresponding author:
| | - Hasan Bağci
- Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology – Samsun, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kamil Turan
- Karabük Üniversitesi, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology – Samsun, Turkey
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Qi N, Wen L, Li S, Li J, Feng C. SP1 transcriptionally upregulates the expression of APOC3 in KGN cells to promote disease progression by regulating TLR2/NF-κB signalling pathway. Endokrynol Pol 2023; 74:553-560. [PMID: 37902017 DOI: 10.5603/ep.95250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) is known for its important functions in metabolism-related diseases. However, the function and molecular mechanism of APOC3 in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have not been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to detect the expression of APOC3 in KGN cells. Small interference APOC3 (siAPOC3) was applied to reduce APOC3 expression, and the proliferation ability of human granulosa cell line (KGN cells) was measured by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. The protein levels of key genes related to apoptosis were detected by western blot assay. The transcriptional regulator of APOC3 was predicted by the UCSC and PROMO website, and verified by dual luciferase assay. siAPOC3 and pcDNA3.1-specific protein 1 (SP1) vector were co-transfected into KGN cells to detect the function of SP1 and APOC3 in KGN cells. RESULTS APOC3 was overexpressed in KGN cells, and siAPOC3 transfection significantly reduced the growth ability of KGN cells and increased the apoptosis ability of KGN cells. SP1 directly bound to the promoter of APOC3 and transcriptional regulated APOC3 expression. Overexpression of SP1 increased the growth ability of KGN cells and decreased the apoptosis ability of KGN cells, which were reversed after siAPOC3 transfection. The increased levels of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and p65 phosphorylation (p-P65) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) caused by SP1 overexpression were inhibited by siAPOC3 transfection. APOC3, transcriptionally regulated by SP1, promoted the growth of KGN cells, and inhibited the apoptosis by regulating TLR2/NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Qi
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Diamond Waterfront of Haidian Island, Meilan District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China
| | - Liyang Wen
- Epilepsy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- The Third Gynaecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- The Third Gynaecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cong Feng
- The First Gynaecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangfang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Hernández-Camba A, Carrillo-Palau M, Ramos L, de Armas-Rillo L, Vela M, Arranz L, González-Gay MÁ, Ferraz-Amaro I. Apolipoprotein C3 Is Downregulated in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00500. [PMID: 35584319 PMCID: PMC9236603 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with an abnormal lipid profile. Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC3) is a key molecule of triglyceride metabolism that is known to be related to inflammation and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we aim to study whether ApoC3 serum levels differ between patients with IBD and controls and whether the hypothetical disturbance of ApoC3 can be explained by IBD characteristics. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that included 405 individuals, 197 patients with IBD and 208 age-matched and sex-matched controls. ApoC3 and standard lipid profiles were assessed in patients and controls. A multivariable analysis was performed to analyze whether ApoC3 serum levels were altered in IBD and to study their relationship to IBD characteristics. RESULTS After fully multivariable analysis including cardiovascular risk factors, use of statins, and changes in lipid profile caused by the disease itself, patients with IBD showed significant lower serum levels of ApoC3 (beta coef. -1.6 [95% confidence interval -2.5 to -0.7] mg/dL, P = 0.001). Despite this, inflammatory markers, disease phenotypes, or disease activity of IBD was not found to be responsible for this downregulation. DISCUSSION Apolipoprotein C3 is downregulated in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Hernández-Camba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Marta Carrillo-Palau
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Laura Ramos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Milagros Vela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Laura Arranz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
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Bautista-Martínez JS, Mata-Marín JA, Sandoval-Ramírez JL, Chaparro-Sánchez A, Manjarrez-Téllez B, Uribe-Noguez LA, Gaytán-Martínez J, Núñez-Armendáriz M, Cruz-Sánchez A, Núñez-Rodríguez N, Iván MA, Morales-González GS, Álvarez-Mendoza JP, Pérez-Barragán E, Ríos-De Los Ríos J, Contreras-Chávez GG, Tapia-Magallanes DM, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Díaz-López M, Olivares-Labastida A, Gómez-Delgado A, Torres J, Miranda-Duarte A, Zenteno JC, Pompa-Mera EN. Contribution of APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ABCA1 and SIK3 genetic variants to hypertriglyceridemia development in Mexican HIV-patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2022; 32:101-110. [PMID: 34693928 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from APOA5, APOC3, CETP, ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and SIK3 genes in the development of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV patients under antiretroviral therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control study was developed. Leukocytic genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping for SNPs rs662799, rs964184, rs5128, rs2854116, rs2854117, rs3764261, rs4149310, rs4149267 and rs139961185 was performed by real time-PCR using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays, in Mexican mestizo patients with HIV infection, with hypertriglyceridemia (>1.7 mmol/L) under antiretroviral therapy. Genetic variants were also investigated in a control group of normolipidemic HIV patients (≤ 1.7 mmol/L). Haplotypes and gene interactions were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 602 HIV patients were genotyped (316 cases and 286 controls). Age and antiretroviral regimen based on protease inhibitors were associated with hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0002. respectively). SNP rs964184 GG genotype in APOA5 gene exhibited the highest association with hypertriglyceridemia risk (OR, 3.2, 95% CI, 1.7-5.8, P = 0.0001); followed by SNP rs139961185 in SIK3 gene (OR = 2.3; (95% CI, 1.1-4.8; P = 0.03 for AA vs. AG genotype; and APOC3 rs5128 GG genotype, (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.9; P = 0.04) under codominant models. These associations were maintained in the adjusted analysis by age and protease inhibitors based antiretroviral regimens. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals an association between rs964184 in APOA5; rs5128 in APOC3 and rs139961185 in SIK3 and high triglyceride concentrations in Mexican HIV-patients receiving protease inhibitors. These genetic factors may influence the adverse effects related to antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Saúl Bautista-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - José Antonio Mata-Marín
- Servicio de Infectología de Adultos, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza"
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Gaytán-Martínez
- Servicio de Infectología de Adultos, Hospital de Infectología, Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza"
| | | | | | | | - Martínez-Abarca Iván
- Hospital General Regional 72, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS. Tlalnepantla, Estado de México
| | | | | | | | - Jussara Ríos-De Los Ríos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Gerson Gabriel Contreras-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Denisse Marielle Tapia-Magallanes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Rosa Maria Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Mónica Díaz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Azucena Olivares-Labastida
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
| | - Antonio Miranda-Duarte
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra"
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana"
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ericka Nelly Pompa-Mera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS
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Hussain A, Sun C, Selvin E, Nambi V, Coresh J, Jia X, Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, apolipoprotein C-III, angiopoietin-like protein 3, and cardiovascular events in older adults: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:e53-e64. [PMID: 33580780 PMCID: PMC8277878 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite statin and antihypertensive therapies, older Americans have high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Novel measures of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (LDL-TG), and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C), are associated with ASCVD in middle-aged adults. Polymorphisms in genes encoding angiopoietin-related protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III), two proteins involved in triglyceride catabolism, are associated with increased risk for hypertriglyceridaemia and ASCVD and are potential therapeutic targets. We examined associations of LDL-TG, RLP-C, apoC-III, and ANGPTL3 levels with ASCVD events in older adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. METHODS AND RESULTS In 6359 participants (mean age 75.8 ± 5.3 years) followed for ASCVD events [coronary heart disease (CHD) or ischaemic stroke] up to 6 years, associations between LDL-TG, RLP-C, apoC-III, and ANGPTL3 and ASCVD events were assessed using Cox regression. With adjustment for age, sex, and race, RLP-C, LDL-TG, apoC-III, and ANGPTL3 (as continuous variables) were significantly associated with CHD. However, after adjustment for traditional risk factors and lipid-lowering medications, only LDL-TG and ANGPTL3 were significantly associated with ASCVD events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.37 per log unit increase in LDL-TG; HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.17-2.28 per log unit increase in ANGPTL3]. CONCLUSIONS In older adults, LDL-TG, RLP-C, apoC-III, and ANGPTL3 were associated with CHD events in minimally adjusted models; LDL-TG and ANGPTL3 remained independent predictors of ASCVD events with further adjustment. Future studies should assess potential benefit of lowering hepatic apoC-III or ANGPTL3 expression in patients with elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Hussain
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Caroline Sun
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland (MD), 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas (TX), 77030, USA
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 East Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland (MD), 21287, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoming Jia
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention, Baylor College of Medicine, 6565 Fannin Street, MS F701, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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de la Parra Soto LG, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Sharma A, Ramírez-Jiménez AK. Is Apo-CIII the new cardiovascular target? An analysis of its current clinical and dietetic therapies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:295-308. [PMID: 34895805 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recently, Apolipoprotein CIII (Apo-CIII) has gained remarkable attention since its overexpression has been strongly correlated to cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurrence. The aim of this review was to summarize the latest findings of Apo-CIII as a CVDs and diabetes risk factor, as well as the plausible mechanisms involved in the development of these pathologies, with particular emphasis on current clinical and dietetic therapies. DATA SYNTHESIS Apo-CIII is a small protein (∼8.8 kDa) that, among other functions, inhibits lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in lipid metabolism. Apo-CIII plays a fundamental role in the physiopathology of atherosclerosis, type-1, and type-2 diabetes. Apo-CIII has become a potential clinical target to tackle these multifactorial diseases. Dietetic (omega-3 fatty acids, stanols, polyphenols, lycopene) and non-dietetic (fibrates, statins, and antisense oligonucleotides) therapies have shown promising results to regulate Apo-CIII and triglyceride levels. However, more information from clinical trials is required to validate it as a new target for atherosclerosis and diabetes types 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS There are still several pathways involving Apo-CIII regulation that might be affected by bioactive compounds that need further research. The mechanisms that trigger metabolic responses following bioactive compounds consumption are mainly related to higher LPL expression and PPARα activation, although the complete pathways are yet to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo G de la Parra Soto
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Janet A Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Centre of Bioengineering, Campus Queretaro, Av. Epigmenio González, No. 500, Fracc. San Pablo, 76130, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Aurea K Ramírez-Jiménez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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22
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Chen BF, Chien Y, Tsai PH, Perng PC, Yang YP, Hsueh KC, Liu CH, Wang YH. A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of apolipoprotein C3 polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:923-929. [PMID: 34108427 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) gene polymorphisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) risk has been investigated in many studies, with inconclusive findings. This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of APOC3 promoter region polymorphisms (-455T/C and -482C/T) on NAFLD susceptibility. METHODS A comprehensive search of eligible studies up to October 2020 was performed on Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. No restriction was imposed on language, publication date, or publication status. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the combined effect sizes. The levels of heterogeneity, sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias were analyzed subsequently. RESULTS This meta-analysis included eight studies, consisting of 1,511 patients with NAFLD and 1,900 controls fulfilling the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The pooled analysis showed significant associations between APOC3 -455T/C polymorphism and NAFLD risk in allelic (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.05-1.67), dominant (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.04-1.72), and recessive (OR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.06-2.40) models. Ethnicity-based stratification showed that -455T/C polymorphism was significantly associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. No association was evident between -482C/T polymorphism and NAFLD risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that APOC3 promoter region polymorphism -455T/C may be associated with NAFLD risk in the non-Asian but not in the Asian population. Additional studies with other functional polymorphisms are needed to discover APOC3 gene effects on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Feng Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeuh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Hsing Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pang-Chung Perng
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Medicine School, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Chun Hsueh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Hung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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23
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Goyal S, Tanigawa Y, Zhang W, Chai JF, Almeida M, Sim X, Lerner M, Chainakul J, Ramiu JG, Seraphin C, Apple B, Vaughan A, Muniu J, Peralta J, Lehman DM, Ralhan S, Wander GS, Singh JR, Mehra NK, Sidorov E, Peyton MD, Blackett PR, Curran JE, Tai ES, van Dam R, Cheng CY, Duggirala R, Blangero J, Chambers JC, Sabanayagam C, Kooner JS, Rivas MA, Aston CE, Sanghera DK. APOC3 genetic variation, serum triglycerides, and risk of coronary artery disease in Asian Indians, Europeans, and other ethnic groups. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:113. [PMID: 34548093 PMCID: PMC8456544 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia has emerged as a critical coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor. Rare loss-of-function (LoF) variants in apolipoprotein C-III have been reported to reduce triglycerides (TG) and are cardioprotective in American Indians and Europeans. However, there is a lack of data in other Europeans and non-Europeans. Also, whether genetically increased plasma TG due to ApoC-III is causally associated with increased CAD risk is still unclear and inconsistent. The objectives of this study were to verify the cardioprotective role of earlier reported six LoF variants of APOC3 in South Asians and other multi-ethnic cohorts and to evaluate the causal association of TG raising common variants for increasing CAD risk. METHODS We performed gene-centric and Mendelian randomization analyses and evaluated the role of genetic variation encompassing APOC3 for affecting circulating TG and the risk for developing CAD. RESULTS One rare LoF variant (rs138326449) with a 37% reduction in TG was associated with lowered risk for CAD in Europeans (p = 0.007), but we could not confirm this association in Asian Indians (p = 0.641). Our data could not validate the cardioprotective role of other five LoF variants analysed. A common variant rs5128 in the APOC3 was strongly associated with elevated TG levels showing a p-value 2.8 × 10- 424. Measures of plasma ApoC-III in a small subset of Sikhs revealed a 37% increase in ApoC-III concentrations among homozygous mutant carriers than the wild-type carriers of rs5128. A genetically instrumented per 1SD increment of plasma TG level of 15 mg/dL would cause a mild increase (3%) in the risk for CAD (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the challenges of inclusion of rare variant information in clinical risk assessment and the generalizability of implementation of ApoC-III inhibition for treating atherosclerotic disease. More studies would be needed to confirm whether genetically raised TG and ApoC-III concentrations would increase CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwali Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Yosuke Tanigawa
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Jin-Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore , 117549, Singapore
| | - Marcio Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore , 117549, Singapore
| | - Megan Lerner
- Department of Surgery, Oklahoma University of Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Juliane Chainakul
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S. L Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jonathan Garcia Ramiu
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S. L Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Chanel Seraphin
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S. L Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Blair Apple
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S. L Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - April Vaughan
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S. L Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - James Muniu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Juan Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sarju Ralhan
- Hero DMC Heart Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | - Jai Rup Singh
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Narinder K Mehra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Evgeny Sidorov
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 920 S. L Young Blvd #2040, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Marvin D Peyton
- Department of Surgery, Oklahoma University of Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Piers R Blackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, Oklahoma University of Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore , 117549, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore , 119228, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Rob van Dam
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore , 119228, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Lee Kong Chan School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher E Aston
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dharambir K Sanghera
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd., Rm 317 BMSB, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Attie AD, Schueler KM, Keller MP, Mitok KA, Simonett SP, Hudkins KL, Mehrotra K, Graham MJ, Lee RG, Alpers CE. Reversal of hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic BTBR ob/ob mice does not prevent nephropathy. J Transl Med 2021; 101:935-941. [PMID: 33911188 PMCID: PMC9093019 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes is multifactorial. Sustained hyperglycemia is a major contributor, but additional contributions come from the hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia that are also commonly present in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. The leptin deficient BTBR ob/ob mouse is a model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy in which hyperglycemia, obesity, and hyperlipidemia, but not hypertension, are present. We have shown that reversal of the constellation of these metabolic abnormalities with leptin replacement can reverse the morphologic and functional manifestations of diabetic nephropathy. Here we tested the hypothesis that reversal specifically of the hypertriglyceridemia, using an antisense oligonucleotide directed against ApoC-III, an apolipoprotein that regulates the interactions of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) with the LDL receptor, is sufficient to ameliorate the nephropathy of Type 2 diabetes. Antisense treatment resulted in reduction of circulating ApoC-III protein levels and resulted in substantial lowering of triglycerides to near-normal levels in diabetic mice versus controls. Antisense treatment did not ameliorate proteinuria or pathologic manifestations of diabetic nephropathy, including podocyte loss. These studies indicate that pathologic manifestations of diabetic nephropathy are unlikely to be reduced by lipid-lowering therapeutics alone, but does not preclude a role for such interventions to be used in conjunction with other therapeutics commonly employed in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Kathryn M Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark P Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly A Mitok
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shane P Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelly L Hudkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kunaal Mehrotra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Hu X, Jia X, Xu C, Wei Y, Wang Z, Liu G, You Q, Lu G, Gong W. Downregulation of NK cell activities in Apolipoprotein C-III-induced hyperlipidemia resulting from lipid-induced metabolic reprogramming and crosstalk with lipid-laden dendritic cells. Metabolism 2021; 120:154800. [PMID: 34051224 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein C-III (Apoc3) is a key component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). The Apoc3-transgenic mice are characterized by high levels of plasma triglyceride and free fatty acids (FFAs). Apoc3 stimulates human monocytes via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Considering the NK cell downregulation in obese individuals and the possible stimulatory-effects of macrophages, variations of NK cell functions and underlying mechanisms were investigated in mice with Apoc3-induced hyperlipidemia. METHODS Variations of activities and glycolipid metabolism in NK cells of the Apoc3-transgenic mice with hyperlipidemia were detected. Molecular mechanisms of lipid-induced metabolic-reprogramming in NK cells were analyzed based on the transcriptome sequencing. Finally, effects of DCs in mice with hyperlipidemia on NK cell functions were determined. RESULTS Impaired number and function of NK cells in Apoc3TG mice was involved with the increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased glycolysis. Increased uptake of FFAs in Apoc3TG-NK cells contributed to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activation and the downstream PTEN-AKT-mTOR/FOXO1 signaling pathway. Inhibition of PPAR or CPT1α only partly reversed the IFN-γ production of Apoc3TG-NK cells, but completely restored IFN-γ secretion by palmitic acid-treated NK cells ex vivo, indicating that other factors contributed to the Apoc3TG-NK cell downregulation. Meanwhile, Apoc3TG-DCs, which contained more lipids in the cytoplasm, depended on reactive oxygen species (ROS) to increase the expressions PD-L1, TGF-β1, and NKG2D ligands and suppress NK cell activities. DCs of the Apoc3TG-CD36-/+ hybrid mice with less intracellular lipids and ROS production could not inhibit NK cells, indicating that intracellular FFAs promoted the immune-modulatory function of DCs. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of NK cell activities in individuals with Apoc3-induced hyperlipidemia was due to the increased fatty acid oxidation in NK cells and the bystander suppression caused by lipid-laden DCs. The dual recovery function of NK cells and DCs would improve the prognosis of patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Zhengbing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - George Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang You
- Department of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Weijuan Gong
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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26
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Wang H, Huang X, Xu P, Liu X, Zhou Z, Wang F, Li J, Wang Y, Xian X, Liu G, Huang W. Apolipoprotein C3 aggravates diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes by activating the renal TLR2/NF-κB pathway. Metabolism 2021; 119:154740. [PMID: 33639183 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) is a regulator of triglyceride metabolism and inflammation, and its plasma levels are positively correlated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients. However, the role and underlying mechanism of ApoC3 in DN remain unclear. METHODS Diabetes was induced in ApoC3 transgenic (Tg) and knockout (KO) mice by injection of streptozotocin. We studied the effect of ApoC3 on type 1 DN after 4 months of diabetes. Plasma glucose and lipid levels, renal function parameters and inflammation- and fibrogenesis-related gene and protein expression levels were studied. In vitro, human mesangial cells (HMCs) were incubated with high levels of glucose or/and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) with a high or low ApoC3 content isolated from Tg or wild-type (WT) mice, respectively, to explore the mechanisms of ApoC3 on development of DN. RESULTS We found that compared to WT mice, Tg mice exhibited hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), aggravated early renal function injury and inflammation, enlarged glomerular and mesangial surface areas, renal lipid deposition and elevated fibrogenesis-related gene expression levels after 4 months of diabetes. ApoC3 overexpression activated the renal Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and increased the renal gene and protein expression levels of the downstream inflammatory factors TNF-α, VCAM-1 and MCP-1. Unfortunately, we did not find that ApoC3 deficiency had an obvious protective effect against DN. In vitro, we found that TRLs with a high ApoC3 content increased the gene and protein expression levels of inflammation- and fibrogenesis-related factors in HMCs compared to those following administration of the same concentration of TRLs with a low ApoC3 content. These effects of ApoC3 were inhibited by blockade of TLR2 or NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ApoC3 aggravates early-stage DN by activating the renal TLR2/NF-κB pathway which is partially independent of HTG.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apolipoprotein C-III/genetics
- Apolipoprotein C-III/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Streptozocin
- Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Valladolid-Acebes I, Berggren PO, Juntti-Berggren L. Apolipoprotein CIII Is an Important Piece in the Type-1 Diabetes Jigsaw Puzzle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020932. [PMID: 33477763 PMCID: PMC7832341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increasing worldwide, but also the autoimmune form, type-1 diabetes (T1D), is affecting more people. The latest estimation from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) is that 1.1 million children and adolescents below 20 years of age have T1D. At present, we have no primary, secondary or tertiary prevention or treatment available, although many efforts testing different strategies have been made. This review is based on the findings that apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is increased in T1D and that in vitro studies revealed that healthy β-cells exposed to apoCIII became apoptotic, together with the observation that humans with higher levels of the apolipoprotein, due to mutations in the gene, are more susceptible to developing T1D. We have summarized what is known about apoCIII in relation to inflammation and autoimmunity in in vitro and in vivo studies of T1D. The aim is to highlight the need for exploring this field as we still are only seeing the top of the iceberg.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) polymorphism has been reported to predispose to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to provide insights into the association between APOC3 polymorphisms and NAFLD risk. METHODS Studies with terms "NALFD" and "APOC3" were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to August 1, 2019. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association of APOC3 polymorphisms and NAFLD risk were calculated using fixed and random-effects models. RESULTS A total of twelve studies from eleven articles were included. Of them, eight studies (1750 cases and 2181 controls) reported the strong association of variant rs2854116 with NAFLD and six studies (1523 cases and 1568 controls) found the association of rs2854117 polymorphism with NAFLD. Overall, a statistically significant association between rs2854116 polymorphism of APOC3 gene and NAFLD risk was found only under dominant model. However, association of rs2854117 polymorphism with NAFLD risk was not detected under all four genetic models. In sub-group analysis of NAFLD subjects based on country, no association among them in China was detected. Besides, four studies analyze the association between the two polymorphisms and clinical characteristics in all subjects or NAFLD patients, and we also failed detect any association between the wild carriers and variant carriers. CONCLUSION The meta-analyses suggests that the rs2854116 polymorphism but not rs2854117 polymorphism in APOC3 gene might be a risk factor for NAFLD among Asians. That is, individuals with CT+CC genotype have higher risk of developing NAFLD. However, studies with sufficient sample size are needed for the further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuncui Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sujuan Fei
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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D'Erasmo L, Di Costanzo A, Gallo A, Bruckert E, Arca M. ApoCIII: A multifaceted protein in cardiometabolic disease. Metabolism 2020; 113:154395. [PMID: 33058850 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ApoCIII has a well-recognized role in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins metabolism. A considerable amount of data has clearly highlighted that high levels of ApoCIII lead to hypertriglyceridemia and, thereby, may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, recent findings indicate that ApoCIII might also act beyond lipid metabolism. Indeed, ApoCIII has been implicated in other physiological processes such as glucose homeostasis, monocyte adhesion, activation of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of the coagulation cascade. As the inhibition of ApoCIII is emerging as a new promising therapeutic strategy, the complete understanding of multifaceted pathophysiological role of this apoprotein may be relevant. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to review available evidences not only related to genetics and biochemistry of ApoCIII, but also highlighting the role of this apoprotein in triglyceride and glucose metabolism, in the inflammatory process and coagulation cascade as well as in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris, France.
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris, France
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University Paris, France
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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30
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Cheng X, Huang Y, Yang P, Bu L. miR-383 ameliorates high glucose-induced β-cells apoptosis and hyperglycemia in high-fat induced diabetic mice. Life Sci 2020; 263:118571. [PMID: 33058915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet beta-cell dysfunction is an important condition leading to the development of diabetes. Numerous studies have found that miRNA regulates islet β-cell function. In our previous research, the aberrant expression of miR-383 was revealed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) serum. Herein, we aimed to assess the function and underlying mechanism of miR-383 in β-cells through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Using high glucose media, the β-cell injury was induced and transfected miR-383 overexpression vector to detect cell function in MIN6. Moreover, miR-383 overexpression lentivirus was administrated into high-fat induced diabetes mice to assess the in vivo effect. Results showed that overexpressing miR-383 reversed the cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, induced by high glucose which targets Toll-like receptors (TLR4) and Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) genes. Furthermore, mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-383 targeted the TLR4 and ApoC3 3' UTR consequently inhibiting TLR4 and ApoC3 expression in MIN6 cells. Besides, overexpression of miR-383 ameliorated hyperglycemia and pancreatic apoptosis in high-fat induced diabetic mice. Conclusively, miR-383 potentially alleviate pancreatic β-cell injury induced by high glucose and ameliorates high-fat induced diabetes by suppressing TLR4 and ApoC3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai 10th People Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueye Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai 10th People Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai 10th People Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Bu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai 10th People Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Britt JL, Noorai RE, Duckett SK. Differentially expressed genes in cotyledon of ewes fed mycotoxins. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:680. [PMID: 32998709 PMCID: PMC7528493 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ergot alkaloids (E+) are mycotoxins produced by the endophytic fungus, Epichloë coenophiala, in tall fescue that are associated with ergotism in animals. Exposure to ergot alkaloids during gestation reduces fetal weight and placental mass in sheep. These reductions are related to vasoconstrictive effects of ergot alkaloids and potential alterations in nutrient transport to the fetus. Cotyledon samples were obtained from eight ewes that were fed E+ (n = 4; E+/E+) or E- (endophyte-free without ergot alkaloids; n = 4; E-/E-) seed during both mid (d 35 to 85) and late (d 85-133) gestation to assess differentially expressed genes associated with ergot alkaloid induced reductions in placental mass and fetal weight, and discover potential adaptive mechanisms to alter nutrient supply to fetus. RESULTS Ewes fed E+/E+ fescue seed during both mid and late gestation had 20% reduction in fetal body weight and 33% reduction in cotyledon mass compared to controls (E-/E-). Over 13,000 genes were identified with 110 upregulated and 33 downregulated. Four genes had a |log2FC| > 5 for ewes consuming E+/E+ treatment compared to controls: LECT2, SLC22A9, APOC3, and MBL2. REViGO revealed clusters of upregulated genes associated glucose, carbohydrates, lipid, protein, macromolecular and cellular metabolism, regulation of wound healing and response to starvation. For downregulated genes, no clusters were present, but all enriched GO terms were associated with anion and monocarboxylic acid transport. The complement and coagulation cascade and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway were found to be enriched for ewes consuming E+/E+ treatment. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of ergot alkaloids during gestation altered the cotyledonary transcriptome specifically related to macronutrient metabolism, wound healing and starvation. These results show that ergot alkaloid exposure upregulates genes involved in nutrient metabolism to supply the fetus with additional substrates in attempts to rescue fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Britt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - R E Noorai
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - S K Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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32
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Corbin LJ, Hughes DA, Chetwynd AJ, Taylor AE, Southam AD, Jankevics A, Weber RJM, Groom A, Dunn WB, Timpson NJ. Metabolic characterisation of disturbances in the APOC3/triglyceride-rich lipoprotein pathway through sample-based recall by genotype. Metabolomics 2020; 16:69. [PMID: 32494907 PMCID: PMC7270992 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High plasma triacylglyceride levels are known to be associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is a key regulator of plasma triacylglyceride levels and is associated with hypertriglyceridemia via a number of pathways. There is consistent evidence for an association of cardiovascular events with blood apoC-III level, with support from human genetic studies of APOC3 variants. As such, apoC-III has been recognised as a potential therapeutic target for patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia with one of the most promising apoC-III-targeting drugs, volanesorsen, having recently progressed through Phase III trials. OBJECTIVES To exploit a rare loss of function variant in APOC3 (rs138326449) to characterise the potential long-term treatment effects of apoC-III targeting interventions on the metabolome. METHODS In a recall-by-genotype study, 115 plasma samples were analysed by UHPLC-MS to acquire non-targeted metabolomics data. The study included samples from 57 adolescents and 33 adults. Overall, 12 985 metabolic features were tested for an association with APOC3 genotype. RESULTS 161 uniquely annotated metabolites were found to be associated with rs138326449(APOC3). The highest proportion of associated metabolites belonged to the acyl-acyl glycerophospholipid and triacylglyceride metabolite classes. In addition to the anticipated (on-target) reduction of metabolites in the triacylglyceride and related classes, carriers of the rare variant exhibited previously unreported increases in levels of a number of metabolites from the acyl-alkyl glycerophospholipid class. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that therapies targeting apoC-III may potentially achieve a broad shift in lipid profile that favours better metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Andrew J Chetwynd
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Amy E Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Andrew D Southam
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andris Jankevics
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ralf J M Weber
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alix Groom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
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Reeskamp LF, Tromp TR, Stroes ESG. The next generation of triglyceride-lowering drugs: will reducing apolipoprotein C-III or angiopoietin like protein 3 reduce cardiovascular disease? Curr Opin Lipidol 2020; 31:140-146. [PMID: 32324598 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) and angiopoietin like protein 3 (angptl3) have emerged as key regulators of triglyceride metabolism. Based on Mendelian randomisation studies, novel therapeutic strategies inhibiting these proteins using monoclonal antibodies or gene silencing techniques might reduce residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in dyslipidemic patients. This article aims to review the role of apoC-III and angptl3 in triglyceride metabolism and combine early clinical evidence of CVD reducing potential of these new therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Angptl3 inhibition by mAb or antisense therapy has recently completed phase I and II studies, respectively and demonstrate robust apolipoprotein B (apoB) lowering up to 46%. Volanesorsen is an antisense therapy approved for patients with extremely elevated plasma triglyceride levels in which it showed no consistent apoB reduction. However, the GalNAc-conjugated oligonucleotide showed moderate (up to ∼30%) apoB reduction in a phase 1/2a dose-finding study. SUMMARY Angptl3 and apoC-III are novel targets in lipoprotein metabolism that reduce triglycerides when inhibited. The expected CVD risk reduction may be mediated through reduced triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle number, reflected by apoB, rather than triglyceride reduction per se. Limited human evidence shows that apoC-III and angptl3 inhibition both potently lower triglycerides, but since angptl3 inhibition reduces apoB more robustly it may be expected to confer more favorable CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens F Reeskamp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Apolipoprotein C-II (apoC-II) is a critical cofactor for the activation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a plasma enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides (TG) on TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Although apoC-II was first discovered nearly 50 years ago, there is renewed interest in it because of the recent efforts to develop new drugs for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). The main topic of this review will be the development of apoC-II mimetic peptides as a possible new therapy for cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS We first describe the biochemistry of apoC-II and its role in TRL metabolism. We then review the clinical findings of HTG, particularly those related to apoC-II deficiency, and how TG metabolism relates to the development of atherosclerosis. We next summarize the current efforts to develop new drugs for HTG. Finally, we describe recent efforts to make small synthetic apoC-II mimetic peptides for activation of LPL and how these peptides unexpectedly have other mechanisms of action mostly related to the antagonism of the TG-raising effects of apoC-III. SUMMARY The role of apoC-II in TG metabolism is reviewed, as well as recent efforts to develop apoC-II mimetic peptides into a novel therapy for HTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mart Reimund
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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da Silva AS, Carvalho TL, do Ó KP, da Nóbrega DN, Dos Santos Souza R, da Silva Lima VF, Farias ICC, de Mendonça Belmont TF, de Mendonça Cavalcanti MDS, de Barros Miranda-Filho D. Association of the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4779-4787. [PMID: 32323264 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify data reported in the literature concerning the association of APOC3 (rs2854116), ESR2 (rs3020450), HFE (rs1799945), MMP1 (rs1799750) and PPARG (rs1801282) polymorphisms with lipodystrophy in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) on antirretroviral therapy. The research was conducted in six databases and the studies were selected in two steps. First, a search was undertaken in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, World Wide Science, Directory of Open Access Journals, Scielo, Lilacs and Medcarib. The titles and abstracts of 24,859 articles were read to select those that match the elegibilty criteria. Five papers that addressed the association of HAART, lipodystrophy and polymorphisms were selected for the review. There was no association between the polymorphisms of the genes APOC3 and PPARG and lipodystrophy. Another study described an association between the variant allele (G) of HFE and protection concerning the development of lipoatrophy (0.02) when compared with the reference allele (C). On the other hand, the variant allele (T) of the ESR2 gene was associated with the development of lipoatrophy (p = 0.007) when compared with the reference allele (C). In addition, the genotype and the variant allele of the gene MMP1 (2G) were associated with lipodystrophy in PLWHIV on HAART (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Therefore, further studies with other populations, involving PLWHIV on HAART are necessary to better understand the role of genetic markers, which may be involved in a predisposition to lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Lins Carvalho
- Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz (HUOC), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Kleyton Palmeira do Ó
- Instituto de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil
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Zilmer M, Edmondson AC, Khetarpal SA, Alesi V, Zaki MS, Rostasy K, Madsen CG, Lepri FR, Sinibaldi L, Cusmai R, Novelli A, Issa MY, Fenger CD, Abou Jamra R, Reutter H, Briuglia S, Agolini E, Hansen L, Petäjä-Repo UE, Hintze J, Raymond KM, Liedtke K, Stanley V, Musaev D, Gleeson JG, Vitali C, O’Brien WT, Gardella E, Rubboli G, Rader DJ, Schjoldager KT, Møller RS. Novel congenital disorder of O-linked glycosylation caused by GALNT2 loss of function. Brain 2020; 143:1114-1126. [PMID: 32293671 PMCID: PMC7534148 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a growing group of rare genetic disorders caused by deficient protein and lipid glycosylation. Here, we report the clinical, biochemical, and molecular features of seven patients from four families with GALNT2-congenital disorder of glycosylation (GALNT2-CDG), an O-linked glycosylation disorder. GALNT2 encodes the Golgi-localized polypeptide N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-transferase 2 isoenzyme. GALNT2 is widely expressed in most cell types and directs initiation of mucin-type protein O-glycosylation. All patients showed loss of O-glycosylation of apolipoprotein C-III, a non-redundant substrate for GALNT2. Patients with GALNT2-CDG generally exhibit a syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability with language deficit, autistic features, behavioural abnormalities, epilepsy, chronic insomnia, white matter changes on brain MRI, dysmorphic features, decreased stature, and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Rodent (mouse and rat) models of GALNT2-CDG recapitulated much of the human phenotype, including poor growth and neurodevelopmental abnormalities. In behavioural studies, GALNT2-CDG mice demonstrated cerebellar motor deficits, decreased sociability, and impaired sensory integration and processing. The multisystem nature of phenotypes in patients and rodent models of GALNT2-CDG suggest that there are multiple non-redundant protein substrates of GALNT2 in various tissues, including brain, which are critical to normal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Zilmer
- Department of Paediatrics, Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Section of Biochemical Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sumeet A Khetarpal
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Viola Alesi
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Kevin Rostasy
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, 45711 Datteln, Germany
| | - Camilla G Madsen
- Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Francesca R Lepri
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cusmai
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Y Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Christina D Fenger
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
- Amplexa Genetics A/S, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Hospital of Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Bonn, 53012 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Emanuele Agolini
- Medical Genetics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ulla E Petäjä-Repo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - John Hintze
- Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kimiyo M Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kristen Liedtke
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - W Timothy O’Brien
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena Gardella
- Department of Neurophysiology, Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
| | - Guido Rubboli
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Section of Biochemical Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, 4293 Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Rogers MA, Chen J, Nallamshetty S, Pham T, Goto S, Muehlschlegel JD, Libby P, Aikawa M, Aikawa E, Plutzky J. Retinoids Repress Human Cardiovascular Cell Calcification With Evidence for Distinct Selective Retinoid Modulator Effects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:656-669. [PMID: 31852220 PMCID: PMC7047603 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoic acid (RA) is a ligand for nuclear receptors that modulate gene transcription and cell differentiation. Whether RA controls ectopic calcification in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that RA regulates osteogenic differentiation of human arterial smooth muscle cells and aortic valvular interstitial cells that participate in atherosclerosis and heart valve disease, respectively. Approach and Results: Human cardiovascular tissue contains immunoreactive RAR (RA receptor)-a retinoid-activated nuclear receptor directing multiple transcriptional programs. RA stimulation suppressed primary human cardiovascular cell calcification while treatment with the RAR inhibitor AGN 193109 or RARα siRNA increased calcification. RA attenuated calcification in a coordinated manner, increasing levels of the calcification inhibitor MGP (matrix Gla protein) while decreasing calcification-promoting TNAP (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) activity. Given that nuclear receptor action varies as a function of distinct ligand structures, we compared calcification responses to cyclic retinoids and the acyclic retinoid peretinoin. Peretinoin suppressed human cardiovascular cell calcification without inducing either secretion of APOC3 (apolipoprotein-CIII), which promotes atherogenesis, or reducing CYP7A1 (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1) expression, which occurred with cyclic retinoids all-trans RA, 9-cis RA, and 13-cis RA. Additionally, peretinoin did not suppress human femur osteoblast mineralization, whereas all-trans RA inhibited osteoblast mineralization. CONCLUSIONS These results establish retinoid regulation of human cardiovascular calcification, provide new insight into mechanisms involved in these responses, and suggest selective retinoid modulators, like acyclic retinoids may allow for treating cardiovascular calcification without the adverse effects associated with cyclic retinoids.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase
- Aortic Valve/drug effects
- Aortic Valve/metabolism
- Aortic Valve/pathology
- Apolipoprotein C-III/genetics
- Apolipoprotein C-III/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/drug effects
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/genetics
- Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Heart Valve Diseases/genetics
- Heart Valve Diseases/metabolism
- Heart Valve Diseases/pathology
- Heart Valve Diseases/prevention & control
- Humans
- Isotretinoin/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoids/pharmacology
- Retinoids/toxicity
- Signal Transduction
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Vascular Calcification/prevention & control
- Matrix Gla Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A. Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jiaohua Chen
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Shriram Nallamshetty
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Tan Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Shinji Goto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jochen D. Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Peter Libby
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, U.S.A
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Reyes-Soffer G, Sztalryd C, Horenstein RB, Holleran S, Matveyenko A, Thomas T, Nandakumar R, Ngai C, Karmally W, Ginsberg HN, Ramakrishnan R, Pollin TI. Effects of APOC3 Heterozygous Deficiency on Plasma Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:63-72. [PMID: 30580564 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Apo (apolipoprotein) CIII inhibits lipoprotein lipase (LpL)-mediated lipolysis of VLDL (very-low-density lipoprotein) triglyceride (TG) and decreases hepatic uptake of VLDL remnants. The discovery that 5% of Lancaster Old Order Amish are heterozygous for the APOC3 R19X null mutation provided the opportunity to determine the effects of a naturally occurring reduction in apo CIII levels on the metabolism of atherogenic containing lipoproteins. Approach and Results- We conducted stable isotope studies of VLDL-TG and apoB100 in 5 individuals heterozygous for the null mutation APOC3 R19X (CT) and their unaffected (CC) siblings. Fractional clearance rates and production rates of VLDL-TG and apoB100 in VLDL, IDL (intermediate-density lipoprotein), LDL, apo CIII, and apo CII were determined. Affected (CT) individuals had 49% reduction in plasma apo CIII levels compared with CCs ( P<0.01) and reduced plasma levels of TG (35%, P<0.02), VLDL-TG (45%, P<0.02), and VLDL-apoB100 (36%, P<0.05). These changes were because of higher fractional clearance rates of VLDL-TG and VLDL-apoB100 with no differences in production rates. CTs had higher rates of the conversion of VLDL remnants to LDL compared with CCs. In contrast, rates of direct removal of VLDL remnants did not differ between the groups. As a result, the flux of apoB100 from VLDL to LDL was not reduced, and the plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol and LDL-apoB100 were not lower in the CT group. Apo CIII production rate was lower in CTs compared with CCs, whereas apo CII production rate was not different between the 2 groups. The fractional clearance rates of both apo CIII and apo CII were higher in CTs than CCs. Conclusions- These studies demonstrate that 50% reductions in plasma apo CIII, in otherwise healthy subjects, results in a significantly higher rate of conversion of VLDL to LDL, with little effect on direct hepatic uptake of VLDL. When put in the context of studies demonstrating significant protection from cardiovascular events in individuals with loss of function variants in the APOC3 gene, our results provide strong evidence that therapies which increase the efficiency of conversion of VLDL to LDL, thereby reducing remnant concentrations, should reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Carol Sztalryd
- Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore (C.S., R.B.H., T.I.P.)
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Research Service, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and VA Maryland Health Care System (C.S., T.I.P.)
| | - Richard B Horenstein
- Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore (C.S., R.B.H., T.I.P.)
| | - Stephen Holleran
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Anastasiya Matveyenko
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Colleen Ngai
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Wahida Karmally
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan
- From the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (G.R.-S., S.H., A.M., T.T., R.N., C.N., W.K., H.N.G., R.R.)
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore (C.S., R.B.H., T.I.P.)
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Research Service, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center and VA Maryland Health Care System (C.S., T.I.P.)
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Baiyisaiti A, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen W, Qi R. Rosa rugosa flavonoids exhibited PPARα agonist-like effects on genetic severe hypertriglyceridemia of mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 240:111952. [PMID: 31100436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosa rugosa Thunb. is a traditional Chinese medicine that was used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and relative risk factors such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and inflammation. Rosa rugosa flavonoids (RRFs) are the main components in Rosa rugosa Thunb. Several studies have demonstrated that RRFs can regulate plasma lipid contents, but the related mechanism of which has not yet been elucidated clearly. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study was to clarify the effects of RRFs on triglyceride metabolism and its related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS RRFs were obtained by ethanol extraction from Rosa rugosa Thunb.. Transgenic mice expressing human Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) were used as a mouse model of hypertriglyceridemia. Fenofibrate (FNB), a PPARα agonist, was used as a positive control drug of decreasing high triglyceride. FNB (100 mg/kg) or RRFs (300 mg/kg) were given to the mice by gavage daily. Two weeks later, the changes of plasma lipid levels in the mice were measured by commercial kits, the clearance of triglyceride was evaluated by oral fat load test, and expression of the genes related to lipid β-oxidation and synthesis was detected in the mice livers by real time PCR. RESULTS RRFs, as well as FNB, were found to significantly reduce plasma triglyceride (TG) levels in ApoC3 transgenic mice after administration of the drug for two weeks. Plasma lipid clearance rate was increased and lipid content in the mice livers was reduced after administration of RRF. Treatment with RRFs up-regulated mRNA expression of PPARα and its downstream gene of ACOX, while down-regulated mRNA expression of the genes related to fatty acid synthesis (FASN, SREBP-1c, and ACC1). The expression of LPL was raised, while the expression of ApoC3 was decreased, and Foxo1 was inhibited by RRFs in the mice livers. CONCLUSION RRFs can reduce plasma TG levels by repressing the expression of ApoC3 and inducing the expression of LPL in liver. RRFs could also reduce triglyceride in hepatocytes through increasing β-oxidation and decreasing synthesis of the lipids. These findings show the potency of further clinical application of RRFs as a hypolipidemic drug for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiya Baiyisaiti
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China; Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China; Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Rong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China; Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Witztum JL, Gaudet D, Freedman SD, Alexander VJ, Digenio A, Williams KR, Yang Q, Hughes SG, Geary RS, Arca M, Stroes ESG, Bergeron J, Soran H, Civeira F, Hemphill L, Tsimikas S, Blom DJ, O'Dea L, Bruckert E. Volanesorsen and Triglyceride Levels in Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:531-542. [PMID: 31390500 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1715944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial chylomicronemia syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that is caused by loss of lipoprotein lipase activity and characterized by chylomicronemia and recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. There are no effective therapies. In an open-label study of three patients with this syndrome, antisense-mediated inhibition of hepatic APOC3 mRNA with volanesorsen led to decreased plasma apolipoprotein C-III and triglyceride levels. METHODS We conducted a phase 3, double-blind, randomized 52-week trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of volanesorsen in 66 patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive volanesorsen or placebo. The primary end point was the percentage change in fasting triglyceride levels from baseline to 3 months. RESULTS Patients receiving volanesorsen had a decrease in mean plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels from baseline of 25.7 mg per deciliter, corresponding to an 84% decrease at 3 months, whereas patients receiving placebo had an increase in mean plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels from baseline of 1.9 mg per deciliter, corresponding to a 6.1% increase (P<0.001). Patients receiving volanesorsen had a 77% decrease in mean triglyceride levels, corresponding to a mean decrease of 1712 mg per deciliter (19.3 mmol per liter) (95% confidence interval [CI], 1330 to 2094 mg per deciliter [15.0 to 23.6 mmol per liter]), whereas patients receiving placebo had an 18% increase in mean triglyceride levels, corresponding to an increase of 92.0 mg per deciliter (1.0 mmol per liter) (95% CI, -301.0 to 486 mg per deciliter [-3.4 to 5.5 mmol per liter]) (P<0.001). At 3 months, 77% of the patients in the volanesorsen group, as compared with 10% of patients in the placebo group, had triglyceride levels of less than 750 mg per deciliter (8.5 mmol per liter). A total of 20 of 33 patients who received volanesorsen had injection-site reactions, whereas none of the patients who received placebo had such reactions. No patients in the placebo group had platelet counts below 100,000 per microliter, whereas 15 of 33 patients in the volanesorsen group had such levels, including 2 who had levels below 25,000 per microliter. No patient had platelet counts below 50,000 per microliter after enhanced platelet-monitoring began. CONCLUSIONS Volanesorsen lowered triglyceride levels to less than 750 mg per deciliter in 77% of patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Thrombocytopenia and injection-site reactions were common adverse events. (Funded by Ionis Pharmaceuticals and Akcea Therapeutics; APPROACH Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT02211209.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Witztum
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Steven D Freedman
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Veronica J Alexander
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Andres Digenio
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Karren R Williams
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Qingqing Yang
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Steven G Hughes
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Richard S Geary
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Marcello Arca
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Jean Bergeron
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Handrean Soran
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Fernando Civeira
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Linda Hemphill
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Dirk J Blom
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Louis O'Dea
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
| | - Eric Bruckert
- From the Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.L.W., S.T.), and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (V.J.A., Q.Y., S.G.H., R.S.G., S.T.) - both in California; the Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE 21, Chicoutimi, QC (D.G.), and the Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-University Laval, Quebec, QC (J.B.) - both in Canada; the Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (S.D.F.), and the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (L.H.), Boston, and Akcea Therapeutics, Cambridge (A.D., K.R.W., L.O.) - all in Massachusetts; Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome (M.A.); Academic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam (E.S.G.S.); the Department of Medicine, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom (H.S.); the Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (F.C.); the Division of Lipidology and Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa (D.J.B.); and the Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institut de Création et d'Animation Numériques, Paris (E.B.)
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Kalyuzhnaya OV, Bairova TA, Kolesnikova LI. Predictive Models for the Risk of Dyslipidemia in Adolescents with Essential Arterial Hypertension. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:297-300. [PMID: 30488199 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Predictive models of comorbidity, dyslipidemic disorders and essential arterial hypertension, in Russian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (mean 15.48±1.53) were formulated with consideration for biochemical (lipid profiles) and genetic parameters (carrier state of gene polymorphic variants of apolipoprotein genes ApoA1 (-75G/A and +83C/T), ApoB (Ins/Del), ApoC3 (S1/S2), and ApoE (ε2/ε3/ε4). Significant prognostic risk factors for the mentioned comorbid pathologies were lipid metabolism parameters HDL-Ch, LDL-Ch, VLDL-Ch and carrier state of the +83T allele of the ApoA1 gene and Del allele of the ApoB gene. The obtained mathematical model is characterized by high predictive accuracy: the percentage of correct classification or the rate of correct assignment of each participant to the proper group was 96.33%.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kalyuzhnaya
- Research Centre for the Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - T A Bairova
- Research Centre for the Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - L I Kolesnikova
- Research Centre for the Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia
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Hiel S, Neyrinck AM, Rodriguez J, Pachikian BD, Bouzin C, Thissen JP, Cani PD, Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Inulin Improves Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia by Modulating Gene Expression in the Small Intestine. Nutrients 2018; 10:E532. [PMID: 29693598 PMCID: PMC5986412 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in the context of obesity. Inulin is a non-digestible carbohydrate, known for its beneficial properties in metabolic disorders. We investigated the impact of inulin on postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and on lipid metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Mice received a control or a western diet for 4 weeks and were further supplemented or not with inulin for 2 weeks (0.2 g/day per mouse). We performed a lipid tolerance test, measured mRNA expression of genes involved in postprandial lipid metabolism, assessed post-heparin plasma and muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and measured lipid accumulation in the enterocytes and fecal lipid excretion. Inulin supplementation in western diet-fed mice decreases postprandial serum triglycerides concentration, decreases the mRNA expression levels of Cd36 (fatty acid receptor involved in lipid uptake and sensing) and apolipoprotein C3 (Apoc3, inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase) in the jejunum and increases fecal lipid excretion. In conclusion, inulin improves postprandial hypertriglyceridemia by targeting intestinal lipid metabolism. This work confirms the interest of using inulin supplementation in the management of dyslipidemia linked to obesity and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hiel
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.H.); (A.M.N.); (J.R.); (B.D.P.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.H.); (A.M.N.); (J.R.); (B.D.P.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.H.); (A.M.N.); (J.R.); (B.D.P.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Barbara D. Pachikian
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.H.); (A.M.N.); (J.R.); (B.D.P.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique IREC, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.H.); (A.M.N.); (J.R.); (B.D.P.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
- WELBIO—Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.H.); (A.M.N.); (J.R.); (B.D.P.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (S.H.); (A.M.N.); (J.R.); (B.D.P.); (P.D.C.); (L.B.B.)
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Yang H, Chen G, Song C, Li D, Ma Q, Chen G, Li X. A novel index including SNPs for the screening of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among elder Chinese: A population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0272. [PMID: 29595690 PMCID: PMC5895391 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently noninvasive methods were employed to the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), product of fasting triglyceride and glucose levels (TyG), and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), whereas the accuracy of those indexes need to be improved. Our study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a new index comprehensive index (CI), consisting of 6 serum biomarkers and anthropometric parameters through multivariate logistic regression analysis, to the earlier detection of NAFLD, and the diagnostic value of 5 SNPs (S1: rs2854116 of apolipoprotein C3 [APOC3], S2: rs4149267 of ATP-binding cassette transporter [ABCA1], S3: rs13702 of lipoprotein lipase [LPL], S4: rs738409 of protein 3 [patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3)], S5: rs780094 of glucokinase regulatory protein gene [GCKR]) for NAFLD were also explored. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and Youden index (YI) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value. The AUROC of CI was higher than FLI, HSI, and TyG (CI: 0.897, FLI: 0.873, HSI: 0.855, TyG: 0.793). Therefore, CI might be a better index for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Although there had no statistical significance (P = .123), the AUROC and YI were increased when CI combined with rs2854116 (S1) (AUROC = 0.902, YI = 0.6844). The combination of CI with S1 showed even better diagnostic accuracy than CI, which suggests the potential value of rs2854116 for the diagnosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Guochong Chen
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Chunli Song
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Deming Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Preventive Medicine Department, The Third People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District in Suzhou
| | - Guangliang Chen
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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Khetarpal SA, Zeng X, Millar JS, Vitali C, Somasundara AVH, Zanoni P, Landro JA, Barucci N, Zavadoski WJ, Sun Z, de Haard H, Toth IV, Peloso GM, Natarajan P, Cuchel M, Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC, Tall AR, Kathiresan S, DaSilva-Jardine P, Yates NA, Rader DJ. A human APOC3 missense variant and monoclonal antibody accelerate apoC-III clearance and lower triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels. Nat Med 2017; 23:1086-1094. [PMID: 28825717 PMCID: PMC5669375 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent large-scale genetic sequencing efforts have identified rare coding variants in genes in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) clearance pathway that are protective against coronary heart disease (CHD), independently of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Insight into the mechanisms of protection of these variants may facilitate the development of new therapies for lowering TRL levels. The gene APOC3 encodes apoC-III, a critical inhibitor of triglyceride (TG) lipolysis and remnant TRL clearance. Here we report a detailed interrogation of the mechanism of TRL lowering by the APOC3 Ala43Thr (A43T) variant, the only missense (rather than protein-truncating) variant in APOC3 reported to be TG lowering and protective against CHD. We found that both human APOC3 A43T heterozygotes and mice expressing human APOC3 A43T display markedly reduced circulating apoC-III levels. In mice, this reduction is due to impaired binding of A43T apoC-III to lipoproteins and accelerated renal catabolism of free apoC-III. Moreover, the reduced content of apoC-III in TRLs resulted in accelerated clearance of circulating TRLs. On the basis of this protective mechanism, we developed a monoclonal antibody targeting lipoprotein-bound human apoC-III that promotes circulating apoC-III clearance in mice expressing human APOC3 and enhances TRL catabolism in vivo. These data reveal the molecular mechanism by which a missense variant in APOC3 causes reduced circulating TG levels and, hence, protects from CHD. This protective mechanism has the potential to be exploited as a new therapeutic approach to reduce apoC-III levels and circulating TRL burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet A Khetarpal
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John S Millar
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amritha Varshini Hanasoge Somasundara
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paolo Zanoni
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sissel Lund-Katz
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Phillips
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan R Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nathan A Yates
- Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe some steps in the progress in the molecular biology of a peptide, apolipoprotein C3; its gene mutations that render individuals susceptible or resistant to developing hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Data that lead to the development of a new therapeutic agent volanesorsen. SUMMARY The agent blocks the function of the mRNA of apolipoprotein C3 and successfully treats severe hypertriglyceridaemia in phase 3 trials (Ionis Pharmaceuticals).
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Galton
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, The Royal London and St. Bartholomew's Hospitals, London, UK
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Song X, Song C, Fan L, Ma Q, Mao J, Xu W, Li X. [Association of single nucleotide polymorphism of SIRT1 and APOC3 with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2017; 46:527-532. [PMID: 29903170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of silent information regulator 1( SIRT1) rs12778366 and apolipoprotein C3( APOC3) rs2854116 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD). METHODS One hundred and thirty two NAFLD patients and 252 healthy controls were enrolled in our present study according to the ultrasound diagnosis and physical examination. Venousblood samples were obtained in the morning after an overnight fast, and the samples were used to analyze the biochemical index, relating to hepatic enzymes, blood lipid and blood glucose metabolism. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and polymerase chain reaction( PCR) and mass ARRAY were used to determine the genotypes of target genes. RESULTS Compared with TT genotype carriers, the SIRT1 genotype rs12778366 increased the risk of NAFLD, with OR = 1. 126( 95% CI 0. 673-1. 886)( P > 0. 05). The APOC3rs2854116 TC + TT genotype increased the risk of NAFLD compared with CC genotype( OR = 1. 044, 95% CI 0. 601-1. 814, P > 0. 05). The adjusted odds ratios had no significant changes after adjusting for gender, age and BMI. Logistic regression showed that TG, body mass index( BMI), FPG, WC and UA were the independent risk factors for NAFLD( P < 0. 05), but the polymorphisms of SIRT1 rs12778366 and APOC3 rs2854116 had no significant relationship with the risk of NAFLD. CONCLUSION SIRT1 rs12778366 and APOC3 rs2854116 polymorphisms were not associated with NAFLD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianliang Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Qu S, Zhang T, Dong HH. Effect of hepatic insulin expression on lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. J Diabetes 2016; 8:314-23. [PMID: 25851734 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia is a common lipid disorder that is characterized by elevated plasma levels of triglyceride (TG)-rich particles, such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), in poorly controlled diabetes. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential therapeutic effect of hepatic insulin production on hypertriglyceridemia in mice. METHODS Mice were induced diabetic and hypertriglyceridemic by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. Using an adenovirus-mediated gene transfer approach, we delivered rat preproinsulin cDNA into the liver of diabetic mice and then determined plasma TG metabolism. To investigate the mechanism by which hepatic insulin improves TG metabolism, we determined hepatic expression of apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), a structural moiety and functional inhibitor of VLDL-TG catabolism. RESULTS Plasma VLDL-TG levels were markedly elevated in STZ-treated mice, and were accompanied by hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. These metabolic abnormalities were restored to near normal following hepatic insulin production in insulin vector-treated diabetic mice. In contrast, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia persisted in control vector-treated diabetic animals. Hepatic ApoC-III expression became deregulated secondary to insulin deficiency, contributing to impaired TG metabolism in diabetic mice. Hepatic insulin production suppressed excessive hepatic ApoC-III production to basal levels. CONCLUSION Hepatic insulin production is efficacious in correcting hypertriglyceridemia associated with insulin deficiency in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Henry Dong
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Shi J, Yang H, Duan X, Li L, Sun L, Li Q, Zhang J. Apolipoproteins as Differentiating and Predictive Markers for Assessing Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:549-56. [PMID: 26996551 PMCID: PMC4800341 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the value of apolipoproteins, including ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE, in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and cancer progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lung samples were collected from 89 patients with SCLC. Nineteen lung samples from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 12 normal lung tissues were used as controls. Expression profiles of ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE in different samples were examined using immunohistochemical methods, and the expression levels were correlated with cancer types, treatment, and outcomes using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Expression of ApoA-1 and ApoC-III in SCLC was significantly different, compared with that in NSCLC and normal lung tissues, and was correlated with recurrence of SCLC. Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery showed significantly reduced expression of ApoA-1 and increased expression of ApoC-III and ApoE. Nevertheless, the expression levels of ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE were not correlated with SCLC staging. CONCLUSION ApoA-1 and ApoC-III may be used as differentiating and predictive markers for SCLC. ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE may be used to monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Huichai Yang
- Department of Pathology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyang Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Wu Y, Yu Y, Zhao T, Wang S, Fu Y, Qi Y, Yang G, Yao W, Su Y, Ma Y, Shi J, Jiang J, Kou C. Interactions of Environmental Factors and APOA1-APOC3-APOA4-APOA5 Gene Cluster Gene Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147946. [PMID: 26824674 PMCID: PMC4732668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for Metabolic syndrome. We evaluated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apolipoprotein APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and the MetS risk and analyzed the interactions of environmental factors and APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster polymorphisms with MetS. METHODS A study on the prevalence and risk factors for MetS was conducted using data from a large cross-sectional survey representative of the population of Jilin Province situated in northeastern China. A total of 16,831 participations were randomly chosen by multistage stratified cluster sampling of residents aged from 18 to 79 years in all nine administrative areas of the province. Environmental factors associated with MetS were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses based on the weighted sample data. A sub-sample of 1813 survey subjects who met the criteria for MetS patients and 2037 controls from this case-control study were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and MetS risk. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and SNP genotyping was determined by MALDI-TOF-MS. The associations between SNPs and MetS were examined using a case-control study design. The interactions of environmental factors and APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster polymorphisms with MetS were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The overall adjusted prevalence of MetS was 32.86% in Jilin province. The prevalence of MetS in men was 36.64%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence in women (29.66%). MetS was more common in urban areas (33.86%) than in rural areas (31.80%). The prevalence of MetS significantly increased with age (OR = 8.621, 95%CI = 6.594-11.272). Mental labor (OR = 1.098, 95%CI = 1.008-1.195), current smoking (OR = 1.259, 95%CI = 1.108-1.429), excess salt intake (OR = 1.252, 95%CI = 1.149-1.363), and a fruit and dairy intake less than 2 servings a week were positively associated with MetS (P<0.05). A family history of diabetes (OR = 1.630, 95%CI = 1.484-1.791), cardiovascular disease or cerebral diseases (OR = 1.297, 95%CI = 1.211-1.389) was associated with MetS. APOA1 rs670, APOA5 rs662799 and rs651821 revealed significant differences in genotype distributions between the MetS patients and control subjects. The minor alleles of APOA1 rs670, APOA5 rs662799 and rs651821, and APOA5 rs2075291 were associated with MetS (P<0.0016). APOA1 rs5072 and APOC3 rs5128, APOA5 rs651821 and rs662799 were in strong linkage disequilibrium to each other with r2 greater than 0.8. Five haplotypes were associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.23, 1.58, 1.80, 1.90, and 1.98). When we investigated the interactions of environmental factors and APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster gene polymorphisms, we found that APOA5 rs662799 had interactions with tobacco use and alcohol consumption (PGE<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of MetS in the northeast of China. Male gender, increasing age, mental labor, family history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease or cerebral diseases, current smoking, excess salt intake, fruit and dairy intake less than 2 servings a week, and drinking were associated with MetS. The APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster was associated with MetS in the Han Chinese. APOA5 rs662799 had interactions with the environmental factors associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yaqin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Yingli Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Wenwang Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Jieping Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
- * E-mail: (CGK); (JJ)
| | - Changgui Kou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin province, China
- * E-mail: (CGK); (JJ)
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Li K, Gesang L, Dan Z, Gusang L, Dawa C, Nie Y. Transcriptome Reveals 1400-Fold Upregulation of APOA4-APOC3 and 1100-Fold Downregulation of GIF in the Patients with Polycythemia-Induced Gastric Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140534. [PMID: 26485402 PMCID: PMC4617863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) inducing gastric mucosal lesion (GML) is still out of control and molecular mechanisms remain widely unknown. To address the issues, endoscopy and histopathological analyses were performed. Meanwhile, microarray-based transcriptome profiling was conducted in the gastric mucosa from 3 pairs of healthy subjects and HAPC-induced GML patients. HAPC caused morphological changes and pathological damages of the gastric mucosa of GML patients. A total of 10304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 4941 up-regulated and 5363 down-regulated DEGs in gastric mucosa of GML patients compared with healthy controls (fold change ≥2, P<0.01 and FDR <0.01). Particularly, apolipoprotein genes APOA4 and APOC3 were 1473-fold and 1468-fold up-regulated in GML patients compared with the controls. In contrast, gastric intrinsic factor (GIF) was 1102-fold down-regulated in GML patients compared with the controls. APOA4 (chr11:116691770–116691711), APOC3 (chr11:116703530–116703589) and GIF (chr11:59603362–59603303) genes are all located on chromosome 11. APOA4 and APOC3 act as an inhibitor of gastric acid secretion while gastric acid promotes ulceration. GIF deficiency activates a program of acute anemia, which may antagonize polycythemia while polycythemia raises the risk of GML. Therefore, the present findings reveal that HAPC-induced GML inspires the protection responses by up-regulating APOA4 and APOC3, and down-regulating GIF. These results may offer the basic information for the treatment of HAPC-induced gastric lesion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Li
- High altitude Medical Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, China
- * E-mail: (KL); (YQN)
| | - Luobu Gesang
- High altitude Medical Research Institute, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, China
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Zeng Dan
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Lamu Gusang
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Ciren Dawa
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
- * E-mail: (KL); (YQN)
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