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Wang LQ, Li JX, Chen XM, Cao XY, Zhang HL, Zheng LL, Ma SJ. Molecular detection and genetic characteristics of porcine circovirus 3 and porcine circovirus 4 in central China. Arch Virol 2024; 169:115. [PMID: 38709425 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are a significant cause of concern for swine health, with four genotypes currently recognized. Two of these, PCV3 and PCV4, have been detected in pigs across all age groups, in both healthy and diseased animals. These viruses have been associated with various clinical manifestations, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and respiratory and enteric signs. In this study, we detected PCV3 and PCV4 in central China between January 2022 and February 2023. We tested fecal swabs and tissue samples from growing-finishing and suckling pigs with or without respiratory and systemic manifestations and found the prevalence of PCV3 to be 15.15% (15/99) and that of PCV3/PCV4 coinfection to be 4.04% (4/99). This relatively low prevalence might be attributed to the fact that most of the clinical samples were collected from pigs exhibiting respiratory signs, with only a few samples having been obtained from pigs with diarrhea. In some cases, PCV2 was also detected, and the coinfection rates of PCV2/3, PCV2/4, and PCV2/3/4 were 6.06% (6/99), 5.05% (5/99), and 3.03% (3/99), respectively. The complete genomic sequences of four PCV3 and two PCV4 isolates were determined. All four of the PCV3 isolates were of subtype PCV3b, and the two PCV4 isolates were of subtype PCV4b. Two mutations (A24V and R27K) were found in antibody recognition domains of PCV3, suggesting that they might be associated with immune escape. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV3 and PCV4 that will be useful in future investigations of genotyping, immunogenicity, and immune evasion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Qing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Life Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Jie Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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MacColl C, Watson JEM, Leseberg NP, Seaton R, Das T, Das S, Raidal SR. Beak and feather disease virus detected in the endangered Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus). Sci Rep 2024; 14:10263. [PMID: 38704425 PMCID: PMC11069563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the first detection and prevalence of Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) in Australia's Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus). This is a new host for this pervasive pathogen amongst a growing list of non-psittacine species including birds of prey from the orders Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, kites), Falconiformes (falcons and caracas), and Strigiformes (owls). The Red Goshawk is the first non-psittacine species listed as Endangered to be diagnosed with BFDV. We report an initial case of infection discovered post-mortem in a dead nestling and subsequent surveillance of birds from across northern Australia. We reveal BFDV prevalence rates in a wild raptor population for the first time, with detections in 25% (n = 7/28) of Red Goshawks sampled. Prevalence appears higher in juveniles compared to adults, although not statistically significant, but is consistent with studies of wild psittacines. BFDV genotypes were associated with the Loriinae (lorikeets, budgerigar, and fig parrots), Cacatuini (Cockatoos), and Polytelini (long-tailed parrots) tribes; species which are preyed upon by Red Goshawks. A positive BFDV status may be associated with lower body mass but small sample sizes precluded robust statistical analysis. We postulate the possible impacts of the virus on Red Goshawks and discuss future research priorities given these preliminary observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher MacColl
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Research and Recovery of Endangered Species Group, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - James E M Watson
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Research and Recovery of Endangered Species Group, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas P Leseberg
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Research and Recovery of Endangered Species Group, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Richard Seaton
- Australian Wildlife Conservancy, P.O. Box 8070, Subiaco East, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agriculture, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
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da Silva MK, Akash S, de Aquino JGF, Akter S, Fulco UL, Oliveira JIN. A newly discovered circovirus and its potential impact on human health and disease. Int J Surg 2024; 110:2523-2525. [PMID: 38363986 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shahina Akter
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Augustyniak A, Pomorska-Mól M. Novel Porcine Circoviruses in View of Lessons Learned from Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Epidemiology and Threat to Pigs and Other Species. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020261. [PMID: 35215854 PMCID: PMC8877176 DOI: 10.3390/v14020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) plays a key role in PCV2-associated disease (PCVAD) etiology and has yielded significant losses in the pig husbandry in the last 20 years. However, the impact of two recently described species of porcine circoviruses, PCV3 and PCV4, on the pork industry remains unknown. The presence of PCV3 has been associated with several clinical presentations in pigs. Reproductive failure and multisystemic inflammation have been reported most consistently. The clinical symptoms, anatomopathological changes and interaction with other pathogens during PCV3 infection in pigs indicate that PCV3 might be pathogenic for these animals and can cause economic losses in the swine industry similar to PCV2, which makes PCV3 worth including in the differential list as a cause of clinical disorders in reproductive swine herds. Moreover, subsequent studies indicate interspecies transmission and worldwide spreading of PCV3. To date, research related to PCV3 and PCV4 vaccine design is at early stage, and numerous aspects regarding immune response and virus characteristics remain unknown.
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Xu T, Hou CY, Zhang YH, Li HX, Chen XM, Pan JJ, Chen HY. Simultaneous detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 and 4 in Henan province of China. Gene 2022; 808:145991. [PMID: 34626723 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was identified as a novel porcine circovirus in China in 2019. To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV2 and PCV4, 133 clinical samples (103 tissue samples and 30 serum samples) were collected from 30 different pig farms in Henan province of China, and a SYBR Green I-based duplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was established to detect PCV2 and PCV4 genomes simultaneously. The complete genome sequences of 20 PCV2 and 6 PCV4 strains from 19 and 6 clinical samples respectively were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed the detection limits of this assay were 80.2 copies/μL for PCV2 and 58.6 copies/μL for PCV4. The detection results of clinical samples revealed the PCV2 positive rate was 63.16% (84/133), the PCV4 positive rate was 33.33% (45/133), and the PCV2 and PCV4 co-infection positive rate was 21.05% (28/133). Among 20 PCV2 strains, 6 belonged to PCV2a, 6 belonged to PCV2b and 8 belonged to PCV2d. Co-infection with JZ1 (PCV2b) and JZ2 (PCV2d) strains was identified in one sample (JZ-1). Eleven putative recombination events were found through the recombination analysis, suggesting that the new PCV2 variant strains had circulated in Henan province, which contributes to our understanding of evolutionary characteristics of PCV2 in China. The possible genotypes of PCV4 strains were determined based on genomic sequences of 6 PCV4 strains in this study and 29 PCV4 reference strains available at GenBank. According to three different phylogenetic trees (ORF1, ORF2 and complete genome), all 35 PCV4 strains were clustered into two major genotypes (PCV4a and PCV4b), and 6 PCV4 strains in this study belonged to PCV4a. Additionally, the functional regions of PCV4 strains were predicted by comparison with other circoviruses, which are conducive to the further study of the biological functions of PCV4 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yao Hou
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xuan Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Pan
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, People's Republic of China.
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Patterson QM, Kraberger S, Martin DP, Shero MR, Beltran RS, Kirkham AL, Aleamotu'a M, Ainley DG, Kim S, Burns JM, Varsani A. Circoviruses and cycloviruses identified in Weddell seal fecal samples from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 95:105070. [PMID: 34481994 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circoviridae is a family of circular single-stranded DNA viruses whose members infect a wide variety of hosts. While well characterized in avian and mammalian hosts, little is known about circoviruses associated with Antarctic animals. From 48 Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) fecal samples collected on the sea ice in McMurdo between Nov 2014 and Dec 2014, we identified and determined the genomes of novel viruses that fall within two genera of the family Circoviridae, i.e. Circovirus (n = 7) and Cyclovirus (n = 45). We named these viruses as werosea circovirus (WerCV) and werosea cyclovirus (WerCyV). The genomes of WerCV and WerCyV share ~63-64% genome-wide pairwise identity with classified circoviruses and cycloviruses, respectively. Based on the species demarcation threshold of 80% for members of the Circoviridae, the genomes of WerCV and WerCyV represent new species in their respective genera. Evidence indicated recombination in five of the 45 WerCyV genomes identified in this study. These are the first circoviruses found associated with Antarctic pinnipeds, adding to those recently identified associated with Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap penguins (P. antarcticus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn M Patterson
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Michelle R Shero
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Amy L Kirkham
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Maketalena Aleamotu'a
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | | | - Stacy Kim
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA
| | - Jennifer M Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa.
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Han L, Yuan GF, Chen SJ, Dai F, Hou LS, Fan JH, Zuo YZ. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in Hebei Province from 2016 to 2019: a retrospective study. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2159-2171. [PMID: 34031716 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05085-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases in swine, the most common of which are postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). To investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of PCV2 in Hebei Province, Northern China, from 2016 to 2019, a total of 448 suspected cases of PCV2 infection were studied, and 179 samples were positive for PCV2. A pathological and histopathological examination suggested PCV2 to be cause of the observed lesions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that four genotypes were prevalent in Hebei Province: PCV2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e. Analysis of PCV2 strains using RDP4 and SimPlot showed that there were genetic recombination events among PCV2 strains in Hebei Province. A total of 3284 serum samples were screened by ELISA, and the positive rate of PCV2 antibodies was 73.9% (2428/3284). This study provides a scientific reference for the prevention and treatment of PCV2 in Hebei Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Shan Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Zhu Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Y, Jiang S, Wu Y, Zhou B, Wang K, Jiang L, Long Y, Chen G, Zeng D. Multiplex and on-site PCR detection of swine diseases based on the microfluidic chip system. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:117. [PMID: 33712000 PMCID: PMC7953195 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02825-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the process of inspection and quarantine starts with sampling at the customs port, continues with transporting the samples to the central laboratory for inspection experiments, and ends with the inspected results being fed back to the port. This process had the risks of degradation of biological samples and generation of pathogenic microorganisms and did not meet the rapid on-site detection demand because it took a rather long time. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a rapid and high-throughput detection assay of pathogenic microorganisms at the customs port. The aim of this study was to develop a microfluidic chip to rapidly detect swine pathogenic microorganisms with high-throughput and higher accuracy. Moreover, this chip will decrease the risk of spreading infection during transportation. RESULTS A series of experiments were performed to establish a microfluidic chip. The resulting data showed that the positive nucleic acid of four swine viruses were detected by using a portable and rapid microfluidic PCR system, which could achieve a on-site real-time quantitative PCR detection. Furthermore, the detection results of eight clinical samples were obtained within an hour. The lowest concentration that amplified of this microfluidic PCR detection system was as low as 1 copies/μL. The results showed that the high specificity of this chip system in disease detection played an important role in customs inspection and quarantine during customs clearance. CONCLUSION The microfluidic PCR detection system established in this study could meet the requirement for rapid detection of samples at the customs port. This chip could avoid the risky process of transporting the samples from the sampling site to the testing lab, and drastically reduce the inspection cycle. Moreover, it would enable parallel inspections on one chip, which greatly raised the efficiency of inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019 China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019 China
| | - Yue Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Kaimin Wang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019 China
| | - Luyan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019 China
| | - Yunfeng Long
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019 China
| | - Gan Chen
- Jinggangshan Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee, Jian, 343000 China
| | - Dexin Zeng
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center, Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, 210019 China
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Leng C, Ma Y, Yuan Z, Zhai H, Ding Y, Bao Y, Li H, Ayra-Pardo C, Shi H, Qiu R, Zhang H, Chen K, Kan Y, Yao L, Tian Z. Characterization of two newly emerged torque teno sus virus isolates from a large-scale pig farm in China, in 2018. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:18-24. [PMID: 33578290 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) infection is common in China's pig herd. Although of uncertain pathogenicity, TTSuVs have been reported as a worsening factor of other porcine diseases, including porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), porcine respiratory diseases complex (PRDC) or porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). To better understand the genetic diversity in TTSuVs, the complete genomes of two newly emerged isolates, referred to as HeN1-A9 and HeN1-A11, collected from pig samples at a large-scale pig farm in China, were analyzed. Phylogenetic relationships of TTSuV sequences separated TTSuV1 and TTSuVk2a groups and divided TTSuV1 into two major subtypes, including TTSuV1a and TTSuV1b; HeN1-A9 and HeN1-A11 strains classified into the TTSuV1a subtype. Recombination analysis demonstrated HeN1-A9 and HeN1-A11 were generated via recombination in the overlapping ORF1/ORF3 region of TTSuV1a genome, which we report for the first time. Furthermore, we found that HeN1-A9 could be replicated in cultured MARC-145 cells for 18 passages. Our findings may be useful for elucidating the characteristics and epidemic status of TTSuVs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yujing Ma
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Zhiqiao Yuan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Hongyue Zhai
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yushan Ding
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yin Bao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Huimin Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Camilo Ayra-Pardo
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Hongfei Shi
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Reng Qiu
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu Mountain, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Laboratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Zhijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, PR China.
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10
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Chang WS, Li CX, Hall J, Eden JS, Hyndman TH, Holmes EC, Rose K. Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101073. [PMID: 32992674 PMCID: PMC7600432 DOI: 10.3390/v12101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogens are being increasingly described in association with mass morbidity and mortality events in reptiles. However, our knowledge of reptile viruses remains limited. Herein, we describe the meta-transcriptomic investigation of a mass morbidity and mortality event in a colony of central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) in 2014. Severe, extensive proliferation of the respiratory epithelium was consistently found in affected dragons. Similar proliferative lung lesions were identified in bearded dragons from the same colony in 2020 in association with increased intermittent mortality. Total RNA sequencing identified two divergent DNA viruses: a reptile-infecting circovirus, denoted bearded dragon circovirus (BDCV), and the first exogeneous reptilian chaphamaparvovirus—bearded dragon chaphamaparvovirus (BDchPV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BDCV was most closely related to bat-associated circoviruses, exhibiting 70% amino acid sequence identity in the Replicase (Rep) protein. In contrast, in the nonstructural (NS) protein, the newly discovered BDchPV showed approximately 31%–35% identity to parvoviruses obtained from tilapia fish and crocodiles in China. Subsequent specific PCR assays revealed BDCV and BDchPV in both diseased and apparently normal captive reptiles, although only BDCV was found in those animals with proliferative pulmonary lesions and respiratory disease. This study expands our understanding of viral diversity in captive reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Chang
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
| | - Ci-Xiu Li
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
| | - Jane Hall
- Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia;
| | - John-Sebastian Eden
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.H.); (K.R.)
| | - Karrie Rose
- Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia;
- Correspondence: (E.C.H.); (K.R.)
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11
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Payne N, Kraberger S, Fontenele RS, Schmidlin K, Bergeman MH, Cassaigne I, Culver M, Varsani A, Van Doorslaer K. Novel Circoviruses Detected in Feces of Sonoran Felids. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091027. [PMID: 32942563 PMCID: PMC7551060 DOI: 10.3390/v12091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonoran felids are threatened by drought and habitat fragmentation. Vector range expansion and anthropogenic factors such as habitat encroachment and climate change are altering viral evolutionary dynamics and exposure. However, little is known about the diversity of viruses present in these populations. Small felid populations with lower genetic diversity are likely to be most threatened with extinction by emerging diseases, as with other selective pressures, due to having less adaptive potential. We used a metagenomic approach to identify novel circoviruses, which may have a negative impact on the population viability, from confirmed bobcat (Lynx rufus) and puma (Puma concolor) scats collected in Sonora, Mexico. Given some circoviruses are known to cause disease in their hosts, such as porcine and avian circoviruses, we took a non-invasive approach using scat to identify circoviruses in free-roaming bobcats and puma. Three circovirus genomes were determined, and, based on the current species demarcation, they represent two novel species. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that one circovirus species is more closely related to rodent associated circoviruses and the other to bat associated circoviruses, sharing highest genome-wide pairwise identity of approximately 70% and 63%, respectively. At this time, it is unknown whether these scat-derived circoviruses infect felids, their prey, or another organism that might have had contact with the scat in the environment. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the host of these viruses and assess health impacts in felids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Payne
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Rafaela S Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Kara Schmidlin
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Melissa H Bergeman
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | | | - Melanie Culver
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
- U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (S.K.); (R.S.F.); (K.S.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (K.V.D.)
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- The BIO5 Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (K.V.D.)
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12
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Gu W, Shi Q, Wang L, Zhang J, Yuan G, Chen S, Zuo Y, Fan J. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 in part of northern China from 2016 to 2018. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2003-2011. [PMID: 32594321 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently identified virus that is associated with reproductive failure, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and multi-systemic inflammation. To investigate the molecular epidemic characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in northern China, a commercial TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR kit was used to detect PCV3 in 435 tissue specimens collected from pigs with various clinical signs from 105 different swine farms in northern China. The results showed that 48 out of 105 (45.7%) farms and 97 out of 435 (22.3%) samples tested positive for PCV3. Of the 97 PCV3-positive samples, 80 (82.5%) tested positive for other pathogens. PCV3 was found more frequently in pigs with reproductive failure than in those with other clinical signs. This study is the first to detect PCV3 in Tianjin. The complete genome sequences of six PCV3 isolates and the capsid (Cap) protein gene sequences of 11 isolates were determined. Based on the predicted amino acids at positions 24 and 27 of the Cap protein and their evolutionary relationships, the 17 PCV3 strains obtained from northern China and 49 reference strains downloaded from the GenBank database were divided into four major groups (3a-3d). An analysis of selection pressure and polymorphism indicated that the PCV3 Cap protein seems to be evolving under balancing selection, that the population is in dynamic equilibrium, and that no population expansion occurred during the study period. Our results provide new information about the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
- Animal Diseases Control Center of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050053, China
| | - Qiankai Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA
| | - Jianlou Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Guangfu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuzhu Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Jinghui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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13
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Tan CY, Opaskornkul K, Thanawongnuwech R, Arshad SS, Hassan L, Ooi PT. First molecular detection and complete sequence analysis of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Peninsular Malaysia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235832. [PMID: 32706778 PMCID: PMC7380639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a newly emerging virus in the swine industry, first reported recently in 2016. PCV3 assembles into a 2000 bp circular genome; slightly larger than PCV1 (1758-1760 bp), PCV2 (1766-1769 bp) and PCV4 (1770 bp). Apart from being associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), PCV3 has been isolated from pigs with clinical signs of reproductive failures, myocarditis, porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) and neurologic disease. Given that PCV3 is increasingly reported in countries including Thailand and U.S. with whom Malaysia shares trade and geographical relationship; and that PCV3 is associated with several clinical presentations that affect productivity, there is a need to study the presence and molecular characteristics of PCV3 in Malaysian swine farms. Twenty-four commercial swine farms, three abattoirs and retail shops in Peninsular Malaysia were sampled using convenience sampling method. A total of 281 samples from 141 pigs, including 49 lung archive samples were tested for PCV3 by conventional PCR. Twenty-eight lung samples from wild boar population in Peninsular Malaysia were also included. Nucleotide sequences were analyzed for maximum likelihood phylogeny relationship and pairwise distances. Results revealed that PCV3 is present in Peninsular Malaysia at a molecular prevalence of 17.02%, with inguinal lymph nodes and lungs showing the highest molecular detection rates of 81.82% and 71.43% respectively. Despite wide reports of PCV3 in healthy animals and wild boars, no positive samples were detected in clinically healthy finishers and wild boar population of this study. PCV3 strain A1 and A2 were present in Malaysia, and Malaysian PCV3 strains were found to be phylogenetically related to Spanish, U.S. and Mexico strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Yee Tan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keerati Opaskornkul
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siti Suri Arshad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Martens JM, Stokes HS, Berg ML, Walder K, Raidal SR, Magrath MJL, Bennett ATD. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) prevalence, load and excretion in seven species of wild caught common Australian parrots. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235406. [PMID: 32609774 PMCID: PMC7329075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens pose a major risk to wild host populations, especially in the face of ongoing biodiversity declines. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) can affect most if not all members of one of the largest and most threatened bird orders world-wide, the Psittaciformes. Signs of disease can be severe and mortality rates high. Its broad host range makes it a risk to threatened species in particular, because infection can occur via spill-over from abundant hosts. Despite these risks, surveillance of BFDV in locally abundant wild host species has been lacking. We used qPCR and haemagglutination assays to investigate BFDV prevalence, load and shedding in seven abundant host species in the wild in south-east Australia: Crimson Rosellas (Platycercus elegans), Eastern Rosellas (Platycercus eximius), Galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus), Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (Cacatua galerita), Blue-winged Parrots (Neophema chrysostoma), Rainbow Lorikeets (Trichoglossus moluccanus) and Red-rumped Parrots (Psephotus haematonotus). We found BFDV infection in clinically normal birds in six of the seven species sampled. We focused our analysis on the four most commonly caught species, namely Crimson Rosellas (BFDV prevalence in blood samples: 41.8%), Sulphur-crested Cockatoos (20.0%), Blue-winged Parrots (11.8%) and Galahs (8.8%). Species, but not sex, was a significant predictor for BFDV prevalence and load. 56.1% of BFDV positive individuals were excreting BFDV antigen into their feathers, indicative of active viral replication with shedding. Being BFDV positive in blood samples predicted shedding in Crimson Rosellas. Our study confirms that BFDV is endemic in our study region, and can inform targeted disease management by providing comparative data on interspecies variation in virus prevalence, load and shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne M. Martens
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Helena S. Stokes
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathew L. Berg
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane R. Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | | | - Andy T. D. Bennett
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Zheng HH, Zhang SJ, Cui JT, Zhang J, Wang L, Liu F, Chen HY. Simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus 3 by SYBR green I-based duplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 50:101524. [PMID: 31972226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the SYBR green I-based duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was developed for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3). The assay was used to detect both CSFV and PCV3 in one sample by their distinct melting temperatures (melting peaks at 87°C for CSFV and 81.5 °C for PCV3), and no specific fluorescence signals were detected for other non-targeted porcine pathogens. The assay had a high degree of linearity (R2 > 0.998) with the detection limits of 23 copies/μL for CSFV and 36 copies/μL for PCV3, and exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility with a low coefficient of variation below 2.0% in both intra- and inter-assay. In this study, 130 clinical samples collected from sick pigs in the field were tested by this assay with the positive rates of 9.23% (12/130) for CSFV and 21.54% (28/130) for PCV3 respectively, and the positive rate of CSFV and PCV3 co-infection was 6.92% (9/130). Our results showed that the developed method was a reliable diagnostic tool to monitor and survey CSFV, PCV3 and CSFV/PCV3 co-infection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Tao Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Leyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China; Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Jiang H, Wei L, Wang D, Wang J, Zhu S, She R, Liu T, Tian J, Quan R, Hou L, Li Z, Chu J, Zhou J, Guo Y, Xi Y, Song H, Yuan F, Liu J. ITRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals the first proteome profiles of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type 3. J Proteomics 2019; 212:103598. [PMID: 31785380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) infection induces porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammatory lesions in piglets and sows. To better understand the host responses to PCV3 infection, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling combined with LC-MS/MS analysis was used for quantitative determination of differentially regulated cellular proteins in the lungs of specific-pathogen-free piglets after 4 weeks of PCV3 infection. Totally, 3429 proteins were detected in three independent mass spectrometry analyses, of which 242 differential cellular proteins were significantly regulated, consisting of 100 upregulated proteins and 142 downregulated proteins in PCV3-infected group relative to control group. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these higher or lower abundant proteins involved primarily metabolic processes, innate immune response, MHC-I and MHC-II components, and phagosome pathways. Ten genes encoding differentially regulated proteins were selected for investigation via real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of six representative proteins, OAS1, Mx1, ISG15, IFIT3, SOD2, and HSP60, were further confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. This study attempted for the first time to investigate the protein profile of PCV3-infected piglets using iTRAQ technology; our findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms underlying the host responses to PCV3 infection in piglets. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study identified differentially abundant proteins related to a variety of potential signaling pathways in the lungs of PCV3-infected piglets. These findings provide valuable information to better understand the mechanisms of host responses to PCV3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping She
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jijing Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyang Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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17
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Morandini V, Dugger KM, Ballard G, Elrod M, Schmidt A, Ruoppolo V, Lescroël A, Jongsomjit D, Massaro M, Pennycook J, Kooyman GL, Schmidlin K, Kraberger S, Ainley DG, Varsani A. Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica). Viruses 2019; 11:v11121088. [PMID: 31766719 PMCID: PMC6950389 DOI: 10.3390/v11121088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the causes of disease in Antarctic wildlife is crucial, as many of these species are already threatened by environmental changes brought about by climate change. In recent years, Antarctic penguins have been showing signs of an unknown pathology: a feather disorder characterised by missing feathers, resulting in exposed skin. During the 2018-2019 austral summer breeding season at Cape Crozier colony on Ross Island, Antarctica, we observed for the first time an Adélie penguin chick missing down over most of its body. A guano sample was collected from the nest of the featherless chick, and using high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel circovirus. Using abutting primers, we amplified the full genome, which we cloned and Sanger-sequenced to determine the complete genome of the circovirus. The Adélie penguin guano-associated circovirus genome shares <67% genome-wide nucleotide identity with other circoviruses, representing a new species of circovirus; therefore, we named it penguin circovirus (PenCV). Using the same primer pair, we screened 25 previously collected cloacal swabs taken at Cape Crozier from known-age adult Adélie penguins during the 2014-2015 season, displaying no clinical signs of feather-loss disorder. Three of the 25 samples (12%) were positive for a PenCV, whose genome shared >99% pairwise identity with the one identified in 2018-2019. This is the first report of a circovirus associated with a penguin species. This circovirus could be an etiological agent of the feather-loss disorder in Antarctic penguins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Morandini
- Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Katie M. Dugger
- US Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Grant Ballard
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Megan Elrod
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Annie Schmidt
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Valeria Ruoppolo
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens (LAPCOM), Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil;
| | - Amélie Lescroël
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Dennis Jongsomjit
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA 94954, USA; (G.B.); (M.E.); (A.S.); (A.L.); (D.J.)
| | - Melanie Massaro
- School of Environmental Sciences, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury 2678, Australia;
| | - Jean Pennycook
- HT Harvey and Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA; (J.P.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Gerald L. Kooyman
- Scholander Hall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0204, USA;
| | - Kara Schmidlin
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
| | - David G. Ainley
- HT Harvey and Associates, Los Gatos, CA 95032, USA; (J.P.); (D.G.A.)
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5001, USA; (K.S.); (S.K.)
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (A.V.)
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18
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Griol A, Peransi S, Rodrigo M, Hurtado J, Bellieres L, Ivanova T, Zurita D, Sánchez C, Recuero S, Hernández A, Simón S, Balka G, Bossis I, Capo A, Camarca A, D'Auria S, Varriale A, Giusti A. Design and Development of Photonic Biosensors for Swine Viral Diseases Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19183985. [PMID: 31540156 PMCID: PMC6766991 DOI: 10.3390/s19183985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we introduce a field diagnostic device based on the combination of advanced bio-sensing and photonics technologies, to tackle emerging and endemic viruses causing swine epidemics, and consequently significant economic damage in farms. The device is based on the use of microring resonators fabricated in silicon nitride with CMOS compatible techniques. In the paper, the designed and fabricated photonic integrated circuit (PIC) sensors are presented and characterized, showing an optimized performance in terms of optical losses (30 dB per ring) and extinction ration for ring resonances (15 dB). Furthermore, the results of an experiment for porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) detection by using the developed biosensors are presented. Positive detection for different virus concentrations has been obtained. The device is currently under development in the framework of the EU Commission co-funded project SWINOSTICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeu Griol
- Universitat Politècnica de València Nanophotonics Technology Center, 46022 València, Spain.
| | | | | | - Juan Hurtado
- Universitat Politècnica de València Nanophotonics Technology Center, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Laurent Bellieres
- Universitat Politècnica de València Nanophotonics Technology Center, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Teodora Ivanova
- Universitat Politècnica de València Nanophotonics Technology Center, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - David Zurita
- Universitat Politècnica de València Nanophotonics Technology Center, 46022 València, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | - Gyula Balka
- University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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19
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Chen Y, Xu Q, Chen H, Luo X, Wu Q, Tan C, Pan Q, Chen JL. Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China. Viruses 2019; 11:E786. [PMID: 31461875 PMCID: PMC6783837 DOI: 10.3390/v11090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of a new circovirus (Porcine Circovirus 3, PCV3) has raised concern because its impact on swine health is not fully known. In Fujian Province in eastern China, even its circulating status and genetic characteristics are unclear. Here, we tested 127 tissue samples from swine from Fujian Province that presented respiratory symptoms. All of the PCV3 positive samples were negative for many other pathogens involved in respiratory diseases like PCV2, PRRSV, and CSFV, suggesting that PCV3 is potentially pathogenic. From phylogenetic analysis, PCV3 strains are divided into two main clades and five sub-clades; PCV3a-1, PCV3a-2, PCV3a-3, PCV3b-1, and PCV3b-2. Our identified strains belong to genotypes PCV3a-1, PCV3a-2, PCV3a-3, and PCV3b-2, indicating a high degree of genetic diversity of PCV3 in Fujian province until 2019. Interestingly, we found the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of PCV3 was dated to the 1950s, and PCV3 has a similar evolutionary rate as PCV2 (the main epidemic genotypes PCV2b and PCV2d). In addition, positive selection sites N56D/S and S77T/N on the capsid gene are located on the PCV3 antigen epitope, indicating that PCV3 is gradually adaptive in swine. In summary, our results provide important insights into the epidemiology of PCV3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Quanming Xu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qidong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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20
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Sun W, Wang W, Xin J, Cao L, Zhuang X, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Qin Y, Du Q, Han Z, Lu H, Zheng M, Jin N. An epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus 3 infection in dogs in the Guangxi Province from 2015 to 2017, China. Virus Res 2019; 270:197663. [PMID: 31301332 PMCID: PMC7114628 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was the first seroprevalence and genetic investigation of PCV3 in dogs in the Guangxi province, China. This work is the first in the world to obtain the complete genome of dog PCV3. These PCV3 strains from the Guangxi province help to determine that PCV3 from dog origin and pig origin are from different branches.
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging circovirus species associated with several diseases. The study aimed to investigate the frequency of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) and its coinfection with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) in dogs in the Guangxi province from 2015 to 2017, China, and to examine the genome diversity of PCV3. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing, 96 of 406 (23.6%)samples were positive for PCV3, 38 out of 406 (9.4%) samples were coinfected with both PCV3 and CPV-2. The CPV-positive rate was significantly higher in the PCV3-positive samples than in the non-PCV3 samples, and the difference was extremely significant (P < 0.01). The complete genome (n=4) and ten capsid genes (n=10) of PCV3 were sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment results showed that these sequences shared 98.5–100% nucleotide similarity with the reference genome sequence and 97.5–100% nucleotide similarity with the reference capsid gene sequence. PCV3 was classified into two different genotypes, according to phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome. These strains were clustered in PCV3a, showing a close relationship with PCV3-US/SD2016. Surprisingly, we separately analyzed these PCV3 strains from the Guangxi province and found that the dog and pig PCV3 are from different branches. In summary, this was the first seroprevalence and genetic investigation of PCV3 in dogs in the Guangxi province, China, and the first complete genome PCV3 from dogs obtained in the world. The results provide insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this important virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Zhuang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhao Qin
- Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Zhixiao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, China.
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China.
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21
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Wang W, Cao L, Sun W, Xin J, Zheng M, Tian M, Lu H, Jin N. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of novel porcine parvovirus 7 isolates from pigs in Guangxi, China. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219560. [PMID: 31291362 PMCID: PMC6619813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect a wide range of animals and humans. In recent years, advances in molecular techniques have resulted in the identification of several novel parvoviruses in swine. In this study, porcine parvovirus 7 (PPV7) isolates from clinical samples collected in Guangxi, China, were examined to understand their molecular epidemiology and co-infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). In this study, among the 385 pig serum samples, 105 were positive for PPV7, representing a 27.3% positive detection rate. The co-infection rate of PPV7 and PCV2 was 17.4% (67/385). Compared with the reference strains, we noted 93.9%-97.9% similarity in the NS1 gene and 87.4%-95.0% similarity in the cap gene. Interestingly, compared with the reference strains, sixteen of the PPV7 strains in this study contained an additional 3 to 15 nucleotides in the middle of the cap gene. Therefore, the Cap protein of fourteen strains encoded 474 amino acids, and the Cap protein of the other two strains encoded 470 amino acids. However, the Cap protein of the reference strain PPV7 isolate 42 encodes 469 amino acids. This is the first report of sequence variation within the cap gene, confirming an increase in the number of amino acids in the Cap protein of PPV7. Our findings provide new insight into the prevalence of PPV7 in swine in Guangxi, China, as well as sequence data and phylogenetic analysis of these novel PPV7 isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Tian
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Huijun Lu
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Military Veterinary, Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Academy of Military Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MYT); (HJL); (NYJ)
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22
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Xia D, Huang L, Xie Y, Zhang X, Wei Y, Liu D, Zhu H, Bian H, Feng L, Liu C. The prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 in Northeast China from 2015 to 2018. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2435-2449. [PMID: 31273470 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 472 samples from domestic pigs collected in China from 2015 to 2018 were tested for the presence of porcine circovirus types 2 and 3 (PCV2 and PCV3, respectively) by conventional polymerase chain reaction analysis. The prevalence of PCV2, PCV3, and PCV2/3 co-infection was 50.0%, 13.3%, and 6.78%, respectively. The complete genomic sequences of 66 PCV2 isolates and four PCV3 isolates were determined. Based phylogenetic analysis, the PCV2 isolates were assigned to three genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d, representing 13.6% (9/66), 25.8% (17/66), and 60.6% (40/66) of the total, respectively. All four PCV3 isolates shared a high degree of similarity in their complete nucleotide sequences (98.8-99.8% identity) and ORF2 amino acid sequences (98.6-99.5% identity). These results indicate that all three PCV2 genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) are present on pig farms and that PCV2d has become the predominant genotype. The predicted amino acid sequences of the four PCV3 isolates indicated that PCV3-CN-JL53/PCV3-CN-LN56, PCV3-CN-HLJ3, and PCV3-CN-0710, belonged to the genotypes PCV3a, PCV3b, and PCV3a-IM, respectively. In view of the great harm that PCV2 causes to the pig industry, the epidemic trend of PCV3 should continue to be closely monitored. This study provides information about the prevalence, genetic diversity, and molecular epidemiology of PCV2 and PCV3 in China from 2015 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Xia
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yongxing Xie
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yanwu Wei
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Ji Lin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhu
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Haiqiao Bian
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Changming Liu
- Division of Swine Digestive System Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Ha-Ping Road, Xiangfang Region, Harbin, 150069, China.
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23
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Deim Z, Dencső L, Erdélyi I, Valappil SK, Varga C, Pósa A, Makrai L, Rákhely G. Porcine circovirus type 3 detection in a Hungarian pig farm experiencing reproductive failures. Vet Rec 2019; 185:84. [PMID: 31177090 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) infection has been reported in piglets and sows with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and cardiac and multisystemic inflammation. Few studies linked PCV3 infection to increased incidence of abortion and weak-born piglets. This is the first report of a detection of PCV3 Hungarian strain in several organs of aborted and weak-born piglets, including the thymus, lymph node, placenta, spleen, kidney and the liver. The tissue tropism of PCV3 in affected litters was analysed using real-time quantitative PCR, and the result showed the highest load of viral DNA in the thymus and lymph nodes. The ORF2 of Hungarian PCV3 strains was 524 nucleotides in length, and the sequence identity to GenBank sequences ranged from 98.5 per cent to 99.2 per cent. The results suggest that PCV3 may have a relevant role in reproductive failure in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Deim
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Dencső
- Department of Biotechnology, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Erdélyi
- Pathology, Allatorvostudomanyi Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Pósa
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Allatorvostudomanyi Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, Szegedi Tudomanyegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Saraiva GL, Vidigal PMP, Assao VS, Fajardo MLM, Loreto ANS, Fietto JLR, Bressan GC, Lobato ZIP, Almeida MRD, Silva-Júnior A. Retrospective Detection and Genetic Characterization of Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) Strains Identified between 2006 and 2007 in Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030201. [PMID: 30818809 PMCID: PMC6466443 DOI: 10.3390/v11030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is an emerging virus that was first identified in the United States in 2016. Since its first detection, PCV3 has already been found in America, Asia, and Europe. Although PCV3 has already been described in Brazil, knowledge of its detection and sequence variation before 2016 is limited, as well as its distribution in the main swine producing regions of Brazil. In this study, 67 porcine clinical samples collected from nine states in Brazil between 2006 and 2007 were analyzed for PCV3 infection by PCR. Results showed that 47.8% of the samples were PCV3 positive, across all nine states. Of the PCV3-positive samples, 37.5% were also positive for PCV2. Interestingly, no clinical signs were associated with samples that were detected singularly with PCV3 infection. Moreover, the positive PCV3 rate in healthy pigs was higher (29.8%) than that found in unhealthy pigs (17.9%), suggesting that most pigs could live with PCV3 infection without any clinical sign in the analyzed samples. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that PCV3 strains obtained in this study shared 94.44% to 99.83% sequence identity at the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) gene level with available strains from different countries. PCV3 Brazilian sequences collected in 2006 and 2007 shared 97.94% to 99.62% identity with the strains obtained in 2016. The results of neutrality and selective pressure tests indicated that the PCV3 Cap protein seems unable to tolerate high levels of variation on its sequence. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the Brazilian strains in PCV3a and PCV3b genotypes clusters, both including strains collected in America, Asia, and Europe. Taking the results together, multiple events of introduction of PCV3 may have occurred in Brazil, and Brazilian PCV3 strains may show genetic stability over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Loreto Saraiva
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Sisdelli Assao
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Leone Miranda Fajardo
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Alerrandra Nunes Saraiva Loreto
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Costa Bressan
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Zélia Inês Portela Lobato
- Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Rogéria de Almeida
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Laboratório de Infectologia Molecular Animal, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Imunobiológicos e Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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25
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Yang Y, Cheng Y, Li N, Cheng S, Guo L, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Ren L. Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks, Foxes and Raccoon Dogs. Virol Sin 2018; 33:561-564. [PMID: 30515648 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yuening Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yucheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Wei R, Trus I, Yang B, Huang L, Nauwynck HJ. Breed Differences in PCV2 Uptake and Disintegration in Porcine Monocytes. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100562. [PMID: 30326643 PMCID: PMC6213064 DOI: 10.3390/v10100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with various diseases which are designated as PCV2-associated diseases (PCVADs). Their severity varies among breeds. In the diseased pigs, virus is present in monocytes, without replication or full degradation. PCV2 entry and viral outcome in primary porcine monocytes and the role of monocytes in PCV2 genetic susceptibility have not been studied. Here, virus uptake and trafficking were analyzed and compared among purebreds Piétrain, Landrace and Large White and hybrid Piétrain × Topigs20. Viral capsids were rapidly internalized into monocytes, followed by a slow disintegration to a residual level. PCV2 uptake was decreased by chlorpromazine, cytochalasin D and dynasore. The internalized capsids followed the endosomal trafficking pathway, ending up in lysosomes. PCV2 genome was nicked by lysosomal DNase II in vitro, but persisted in monocytes in vivo. Monocytes from purebred Piétrain and the hybrid showed a higher level of PCV2 uptake and disintegration, compared to those from Landrace and Large White. In conclusion, PCV2 entry occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. After entry, viral capsids are partially disintegrated, while viral genomes largely escape from the pathway to avoid degradation. The degree of PCV2 uptake and disintegration differ among pig breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Wei
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Trus
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bo Yang
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Maduan Street 427, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Hans J Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Loiko MR, Junqueira DM, Varela APM, Tochetto C, Scheffer CM, Lima DA, Morel AP, Cerva C, Paim WP, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. Columbid circoviruses detected in free ranging pigeons from Southern Brazil: insights on PiCV evolution. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3083-3090. [PMID: 30105520 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3990-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is taxonomically classified as a member of the Circovirus genus, family Circoviridae. The virus contains a single stranded DNA genome of approximately 2 kb, with minor length variations among different isolates. The occurrence of PiCV infections in pigeons (Columba livia) has been documented worldwide over the past 20 years; however, in Brazil there were still no reports on PiCV detection. This study identifies seven PiCV genomes recovered from domestic pigeons of South Brazil through high-throughput sequencing and shows a high frequency of PiCV infection, through quantitative real-time PCR. Phylogenetic classification was performed by maximum likelihood analysis of the full genomes, ORF V1 (Rep) and ORF C1 (Cap). The results show that either full genome or Cap based analysis allowed PiCV classification into five major clades (groups A to E), where Brazilian sequences were classified as A, C or D. Recombination analyses were carried out with Simplot and RDP4 and the results show that both Rep and Cap ORFs contain several recombination hotspots, pointing to an important role for such events in PiCV evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Loiko
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - D M Junqueira
- Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis-UniRitter, Laureate International Universities, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - C Tochetto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - C M Scheffer
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
| | - D A Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - A P Morel
- Falcoaria e Consultoria Ambiental-HAYABUSA, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - C Cerva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - W P Paim
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Irrigação, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 92990-000, Brazil.
| | - P M Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, sala 208, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90050-170, Brazil
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Ye X, Berg M, Fossum C, Wallgren P, Blomström AL. Detection and genetic characterisation of porcine circovirus 3 from pigs in Sweden. Virus Genes 2018; 54:466-469. [PMID: 29564688 PMCID: PMC5951868 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-018-1553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a newly detected circovirus belonging to the family Circoviridae with a circular ssDNA genome of 2000 bp that encodes two proteins-the replicase protein and the capsid protein. PCV3 was discovered for the first time in the US in 2016. After this initial discovery, PCV3 was detected in other parts of the world such as in China, South Korea, Italy and Poland. In this study, 49 tissue samples from Swedish pig herds were screened for PCV3 using PCR and 10 samples were positive and one was uncertain. The entire PCV3 genome and a mini PCV-like virus (MPCLV) were obtained from one of these samples. These two viruses showed a high sequence identity to PCV3 viruses from other countries as well as to MPCLV from the US. However, the sequence identity to PCV1 and 2 was only 31-48% on amino acid level. This is the first detection and complete genetic characterisation of PCV3 in Swedish pigs. It is also interesting to note that one of the positive samples was collected in 1993, showing that PCV3 has been present for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Ye
- Guangyuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangyuan, 628017, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Caroline Fossum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Wallgren
- National veterinary institute (SVA), 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Lie Blomström
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Mak CK, Yang C, Jeng CR, Pang VF, Yeh KS. Reproductive failure associated with coinfection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Can Vet J 2018; 59:525-530. [PMID: 29904207 PMCID: PMC5901855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of reproductive failure in a pig farm in Taiwan was investigated. Coinfection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was diagnosed in a stillborn pig by histopathology, polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry, and should be considered as a cause of reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kuen Mak
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Ching Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Chian-Ren Jeng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Victor Fei Pang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
| | - Kuang-Sheng Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Mak, Yang, Yeh) and Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology (Jeng, Pang), School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan (Yeh)
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30
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Schmitz A, Korbel R, Thiel S, Wörle B, Gohl C, Rinder M. High prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of pet birds. Vet Microbiol 2018; 218:40-44. [PMID: 29685219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium genavense is regarded as the primary cause of mycobacteriosis in psittaciform and passeriform birds, which are commonly kept as pets. In humans, Mycobacterium genavense is especially pathogenic for young, old, pregnant and immunocompromised people (YOPIs). In birds, only few studies, mainly case reports, exist and there is still little e information about occurrence and relevance of this zoonotic pathogen. In this first pilot study concerning the prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense within flocks of naturally infected pet birds, real-time PCR examinations of 170 individual passeriform and psittaciform birds, including commonly kept budgerigars, lovebirds and zebra finches as well as gold finches and weaver finches, were conducted to determine the infection rate in six different aviaries. Antemortem examinations of faeces and cloacal swabs were compared with postmortem examinations of tissue samples to evaluate the reliability of antemortem diagnostics. Additional ophthalmologic examinations were performed to evaluate their diagnostic potential. Molecular examinations for viral co-infections, including circovirus, polyomavirus and adenovirus, were conducted to identify potential risk factors. PCR results revealed a detection prevalence of Mycobacterium genavense in the flocks varying from 3% to 91% based on postmortem testing, while antemortem diagnostics of faecal samples and swabs showed 64% discrepant (false negative) results. Ophthalmologic examinations were not useful in identifying infected birds within the flocks. Viral co-infections, especially with polyomavirus, were common. It has to be assumed that Mycobacterium genavense infections are widespread and underdiagnosed in companion birds. Viral infections might be an important risk factor. There is urgent need to improve antemortem diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schmitz
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany.
| | - R Korbel
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - S Thiel
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - B Wörle
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Straße 5, 82319, Seewiesen (Starnberg), Germany
| | - C Gohl
- Tierpark Hellabrunn, Tierparkstraße 30, 81543, München, Germany
| | - M Rinder
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles and Ornamental Fish, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstr. 18, 85476, Oberschleißheim, Germany
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Zou Y, Zhang N, Wang D, Tu D, Yang L, Deng Z, Yang Y, Jiang P, Wang N. First molecular detection of porcine circovirus type 3 in dogs in China. Virus Genes 2017; 54:140-144. [PMID: 28983774 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) has recently been isolated from diseased pigs within the USA. The objective was to detect the presence of PCV3 in dogs. Nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) with PCV3-specific primers for the capsid gene were used to detect PCV3 genomic DNA in serum samples from dogs (n = 44) in China. There was PCV3 DNA detected in 4 of 44 dogs [all were negative for PCV2 and canine circovirus (CanineCV)]. Based on sequence analysis, positive sequences were grouped into PCV3 genotypes. However, these isolates had close evolutionary relationships with FoxCV (KP941114) and CanineCV (JQ821392). Further investigations of the epidemiology, evolutionary biology, and pathobiology of PCV3 to dogs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yawen Zou
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Nanxiangzi Zhang
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Di Tu
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Linchen Yang
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhibang Deng
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Naidong Wang
- Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV) and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Regnard GL, Rybicki EP, Hitzeroth II. Recombinant expression of beak and feather disease virus capsid protein and assembly of virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virol J 2017; 14:174. [PMID: 28893289 PMCID: PMC5594603 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is an important disease causing agent affecting psittacines. BFDV is highly infectious and can present as acute, chronic or subclinical disease. The virus causes immunodeficiency and is often associated with secondary infections. No commercial vaccine is available and yields of recombinant BFDV capsid protein (CP) expressed in insect cells and bacteria are yet to be seen as commercially viable, although both systems produced BFDV CP that could successfully assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs). Plants as expression systems are increasingly becoming favourable for the production of region-specific and niche market products. The aim of this study was to investigate the formation and potential for purification of BFDV VLPs in Nicotiana benthamiana. METHODS The BFDV CP was transiently expressed in N. benthamiana using an Agrobacterium-mediated system and plant expression vectors that included a bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV)-based replicating DNA vector. Plant-produced BFDV CP was detected using immunoblotting. VLPs were purified using sucrose cushion and CsCl density gradient centrifugation and visualised using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In this study we demonstrate that the BFDV CP can be successfully expressed in N. benthamiana, albeit at relatively low yield. Using a purification strategy based on centrifugation we demonstrated that the expressed CP can self-assemble into VLPs that can be detected using electron microscopy. These plant-produced BFDV VLPs resemble those produced in established recombinant expression systems and infectious virions. It is possible that the VLPs are spontaneously incorporating amplicon DNA produced from the replicating BeYDV plant vector. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of plant-made full-length BFDV CP assembling into VLPs. The putative pseudovirions could be used to further the efficacy of vaccines against BFDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy L. Regnard
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Inga I. Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu L, Pang X, Yuan W. Development of a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the specific detection of porcine circovirus 3. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:177-180. [PMID: 28743583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a novel circovirus that was associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammation. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for PCV3 detection. Specific primers and probe were designed for the cap gene of PCV3 within the conserved region of viral genome. The assay was highly specific for PCV3, without cross-reactions with other non-targeted pig viruses. The detection limit of this assay was 102 copies. The assay had an efficiency of 95.7%, a regression squared value (R2) of 0.994 and showed a linear range of 102-107 copies PCV3 DNA per reaction. The assay was also very reproducible, with the intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation less than 2.0%. For the 112 archived clinical samples collected from 2014 to March 2017, the PCV3 positive ratio was 12.5% (14/112) with the real-time PCR. The presence of the PCV3 dated back to at least 2014 in China and samples collected in 2017 had the highest PCV3 positive ratio (46.7%, 7/15). The real-time PCR assay could be used for detection of PCV3 in epidemiological and pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
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34
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Raymond P, Bellehumeur C, Nagarajan M, Longtin D, Ferland A, Müller P, Bissonnette R, Simard C. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pig meat. Can J Vet Res 2017; 81:162-170. [PMID: 28725105 PMCID: PMC5508380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, caused by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is an economically important disease in the swine industry. Previous studies demonstrated the presence of the virus in pig meat and its transmissibility by oral consumption. This study further analyzed the infectivity of PRRSV in commercial pig meat. Fresh bottom meat pieces (n = 1500) randomly selected over a period of 2 y from a pork ham boning plant located in Quebec, Canada, were tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Each trimmed meat was stored in the plant freezer, subsampled weekly for up to 15 wk, and tested with quantitative RT-PCR to determine the viral load. Meat infectivity was evaluated using specific pathogen-free piglets, each fed with approximately 500 g of meat at the end of the storage time. Genotype-specific RT-PCR confirmed the presence of PRRSV mainly during cold weather in 0.73% of the fresh meat pieces. Wild and vaccine strains of genotype 2 were detected. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleic acid was stable in meat stored at around -20°C during the 15 wk. Serological and molecular analysis showed the transmission of infection by a majority of PRRSV positive meat pieces (5/9) fed orally to naïve recipients. The results confirmed a low prevalence of PRRSV in market's pig meat, and virus transmissibility by oral consumption to naïve recipients even after several weeks of storage in a commercial freezer. It occurred mainly with meat harboring the highest PRRSV RNA copies, in the range of 109 copies per 500 g of meat, with both wild type and vaccine-related strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Raymond
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
| | - Christian Bellehumeur
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
| | - Malliga Nagarajan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
| | - Diane Longtin
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
| | - Alexandra Ferland
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
| | - Peter Müller
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
| | - Rachel Bissonnette
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
| | - Carole Simard
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saint-Hyacinthe Laboratory, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3
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Chiappetta CM, Cibulski SP, Lima FES, Varela APM, Amorim DB, Tavares M, Roehe PM. Molecular Detection of Circovirus and Adenovirus in Feces of Fur Seals (Arctocephalus spp.). Ecohealth 2017; 14:69-77. [PMID: 27803979 PMCID: PMC7087719 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In some regions, little is known about exposure to viruses in coastal marine mammals. The present study aimed to detect viral RNA or DNA in 23 free-ranging fur seals on the northern coastline of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect nucleic acids of circoviruses, adenoviruses, morbilliviruses, vesiviruses, and coronaviruses in the feces from twenty-one South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) and two Subantarctic fur seals (A. tropicalis). Adenovirus DNA fragments were detected in two South American fur seals; nucleotide sequences of these fragments revealed a high degree of similarity to human adenovirus type C. Circovirus DNA fragments were detected in six animals of the same species. Two were phylogenetically similar to the Circovirus genus, whereas the other four nucleotide fragments showed no similarity to any of the known genera within the family Circoviridae. RNA fragments indicating the presence of coronavirus, vesivirus, and morbillivirus were not detected. These findings suggest that adenoviruses and circoviruses are circulating in fur seal populations found along the coast of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marcon Chiappetta
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 90050-170, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 9154-000, Brazil.
| | - Samuel Paulo Cibulski
- Laboratório de Virologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 9154-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Esmaile Sales Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Muterle Varela
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias "Desidério Finamor" (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Derek Blaese Amorim
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Tramandaí 976, Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 95625-000, Brazil
| | - Maurício Tavares
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Tramandaí 976, Imbé, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 95625-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 90050-170, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias "Desidério Finamor" (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), 92990-000, Brazil
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Herbst W, Willems H. Detection of virus particles resembling circovirus and porcine circovirus 2a (PCV2a) sequences in feces of dogs. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:51-53. [PMID: 28135670 PMCID: PMC7111833 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During routine electron microscopy of fecal samples from diarrheic dogs dated from 2000 virus particles resembling circovirus in shape and size were detected in two samples (V2177/00; V3374/00). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) amplified DNA recovered from both samples. Sequencing of PCR amplificates (V2177/00) obtained with PCV2-specific primer pairs revealed a genome size of 1768 bp. The nucleotide sequence was highly similar (98% nucleotide identity) to the PCV2a reference sequence. Electron microscopy has revealed circoviruses in two fecal samples of diarrheic dogs. PCV2-specific PCR amplified DNA extracted from the samples. By sequencing one sample a genome size of 1768 bp and a nucleotide sequence identity of 98% to PCV2a were achieved. This is the first time that PCV2 has been reported in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Herbst
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 89, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Hermann Willems
- Clinic of Ruminants and Swine, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Straße 112, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Wang Y, Shen G, Hu D, Qian S, Zhu C, Tan W, Wang C. Detection and Identification of the Bat Circovirus BtCV-DS13. Bing Du Xue Bao 2017; 33:82-88. [PMID: 30702826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bat circovirus has been detected from different bat species and regions after detection in Rousettus leschenaultia. To enrich the epidemiologic data of the bat circovirus, a complete sequence named "BtCV-DS13" was obtained by nested polymerase chain reaction and Genome Walking? based on the intestines of Myotis davidii from Zhoushan Island (Zhejiang Province, China). The complete length of BtCV-DS13 was 1873nt, and it had the typical gene structure of a circovirus according to sequencing analyses. The nucleotide sequence identity was 22. 9%, 53. 5%, 24. 7% and 4. 5% for bat 1, bat 2, bat 3, and a bat infected with the cyclovirus, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on the full-length sequence strongly supports the suggestion that BtCV-DS13, the bat circovirus, and porcine circovirus should be clustered into the genus Circovirus. These results imply that BtCV-DS13 should be a new bat circovirus.
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Komine M, Cunha TO, Mullaney TP, Smedley RC, Langohr IM. Pathology in Practice. Proliferative and necrotizing enterocolitis in a pig resulting from coinfection with L intracellularis and S enterica. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 248:897-9. [PMID: 27031415 DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.8.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Blomström AL, Fossum C, Wallgren P, Berg M. Viral Metagenomic Analysis Displays the Co-Infection Situation in Healthy and PMWS Affected Pigs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166863. [PMID: 27907010 PMCID: PMC5131951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high-throughput sequencing technologies have allowed the possibility to investigate and characterise the entire microbiome of individuals, providing better insight to the complex interaction between different microorganisms. This will help to understand how the microbiome influence the susceptibility of secondary agents and development of disease. We have applied viral metagenomics to investigate the virome of lymph nodes from Swedish pigs suffering from the multifactorial disease postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) as well as from healthy pigs. The aim is to increase knowledge of potential viruses, apart from porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), involved in PMWS development as well as to increase knowledge on the virome of healthy individuals. In healthy individuals, a diverse viral flora was seen with several different viruses present simultaneously. The majority of the identified viruses were small linear and circular DNA viruses, such as different circoviruses, anelloviruses and bocaviruses. In the pigs suffering from PMWS, PCV2 sequences were, as expected, detected to a high extent but other viruses were also identified in the background of PCV2. Apart from DNA viruses also RNA viruses were identified, among them were a porcine pestivirus showing high similarity to a recently (in 2015) discovered atypical porcine pestivirus in the US. Majority of the viruses identified in the background of PCV2 in PMWS pigs could also be identified in the healthy pigs. PCV2 sequences were also identified in the healthy pigs but to a much lower extent than in PMWS affected pigs. Although the method used here is not quantitative the very clear difference in amount of PCV2 sequences in PMWS affected pigs and healthy pigs most likely reflect the very strong replication of PCV2 known to be a hallmark of PMWS. Taken together, these findings illustrate that pigs appear to have a considerable viral flora consisting to a large extent of small single-stranded and circular DNA viruses. Future research on these types of viruses will help to better understand the role that these ubiquitous viruses may have on health and disease of pigs. We also demonstrate for the first time, in Europe, the presence of a novel porcine pestivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lie Blomström
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Caroline Fossum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Wallgren
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Virology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Phan TG, Giannitti F, Rossow S, Marthaler D, Knutson TP, Li L, Deng X, Resende T, Vannucci F, Delwart E. Detection of a novel circovirus PCV3 in pigs with cardiac and multi-systemic inflammation. Virol J 2016; 13:184. [PMID: 27835942 PMCID: PMC5105309 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus 2 causes different clinical syndromes resulting in a significant economic loss in the pork industry. Three pigs with unexplained cardiac and multi-organ inflammation that tested negative for PCV2 and other known porcine pathogens were further analyzed. METHODS Histology was used to identify microscopic lesions in multiple tissues. Metagenomics was used to detect viral sequences in tissue homogenates. In situ hybridization was used to detect viral RNA expression in cardiac tissue. RESULTS In all three cases we characterized the genome of a new circovirus we called PCV3 with a replicase and capsid proteins showing 55 and 35 % identities to the genetically-closest proteins from a bat-feces associated circovirus and were even more distant to those of porcine circovirus 1 and 2. Common microscopic lesions included non-suppurative myocarditis and/or cardiac arteriolitis. Viral mRNA was detected intralesionally in cardiac cells. Deep sequencing in tissues also revealed the presence of porcine astrovirus 4 in all three animals as well as rotavirus A, porcine cytomegalovirus and porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in individual cases. CONCLUSION The pathogenicity and molecular epidemiology of this new circovirus, alone or in the context of co-infections, warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Gia Phan
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Federico Giannitti
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, La Estanzuela, Colonia, 70000, Uruguay
| | - Stephanie Rossow
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Douglas Marthaler
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Linlin Li
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Talita Resende
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Fabio Vannucci
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
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Liu J, Zhang X, Ma C, You J, Dong M, Yun S, Jiang P. Heat shock protein 90 is essential for replication of porcine circovirus type 2 in PK-15 cells. Virus Res 2016; 224:29-37. [PMID: 27553861 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is recognized as the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). However, the mechanism of PCV2 replication has not been understood completely. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays an important role in viral genome replication, viral genes expression, and viral particle packaging. In this study, we firstly found that inhibition of Hsp90 by pretreatment of host cells with 17-AAG, a specific inhibitor of Hsp90, or blocking Hsp90α/Hsp90β with siRNA, resulted in significantly reduced viral replication in PK-15 cells. But inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-AAG did not affect PCV2 entry into the host cells. Meanwhile, over-expression of Hsp90α/Hsp90β enhanced PCV2 genome replication and virion production. In addition, Hsp90β was enriched in the nuclear zone in the cells infected with PCV2. But it did not interact with the viral Cap/Rep proteins. It suggested that Hsp90 is required for PCV2 production in PK-15 cells culture. It should be helpful for further evaluating the mechanism of replication and pathogenesis of PCV2 and developing novel antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Chang Ma
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Jinwei You
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Shifeng Yun
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Järveots T, Saar T, Põdersoo D, Rüütel-Boudinot S, Sütt S, Tummeleht L, Suuroja T, Lindjärv R. Lawsonia intracellularis and Porcine Circovirus type-2 infection in Estonia. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 19:291-301. [PMID: 27487502 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes the reasons of post-weaning distress in Estonian pig herds. Here we examined the natural cases of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection and co-infections. The presence of L. intracellularis in swine herds were tested by PCR and by histopathological methods, whereas PCV2 was detected by real-time-PCR and immunohistochemical stainings. Seven of the 11 investigated herds with signs of post-weaning wasting were infected with L. intracellularis and all 11 herds with PCV2. From the analysed samples 22.2% were infected with L. intracellularis and 25% with PCV2. The results of microbiological studies suggested that the piglets suffered from enteritis and pneumonia. Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida often aggravated the process of illness. The frequency of L. intracellularis was high in pigs 7-12 weeks old (18.5-42.7%) and PCV2 infection was too high in pigs 7-12 weeks old (24.8-32.7%). E. coli was often a co-factor with L. intracellularis and PCV2. The primary reasons of post weaning wasting were PCV2 and E. coli, later aggravated by L. intracellularis and other pathogens. Our results indicated that different pathogens have an important role in developing post-weaning wasting. Proliferative intestinal inflammation caused by L. intracellularis is mainly characterised by its localization and morphological findings. The main gross lesions were the enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes and thickening of the wall of ileum. In post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome there are characteristic histological lesions in lymphoid tissues. They consist of a variable degree of lymphocyte depletion, together with histiocytic and/or multinucleate giant cell infiltration. This basic lymphoid lesions is observable in almost all tissues of a single severely affected animal, including lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and spleen. Sporadically, multifocal coagulative necrosis may be observed.
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Sun W, Cao H, Zheng M, Xu S, Zhang H, Wei X, Su J, He J. [Canine Circovirus Genome Cloning and Sequence Analysis]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2016; 32:429-435. [PMID: 29979554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dog circovirus (DogCV) is a newly discovered mammalian circovirus. To investigate the genomic characteristics and genetic diversity of DogCV spreads in China, the first genome sequence of Chinese isolate, designated as JZ98/2014,was obtained by overlap PCR using the DNA extracted from dog serum as template for amplification. The nucleotide content and genome organization were subsequently analyzed. The results showed that the full-length genome of JZ98/2014 is 2063nt,and contains three major open reading frame: ORF V1 (encodes the 303 amino acid Rep protein),ORF C1(encodes the 270 amino acid Cap protein),and ORF C2(encodes 106 amino acids).JZ98/2014 shared 82.1%-89.5% homology with the complete genome sequences of DogCV isolates from America and Europe. The Rep gene and Cap gene of JZ98/2014 shared 82.1%-89.5%and 84.6%-89.1% homology, respectively, with the same genes from other DogCVs. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that there were several different genetic clades of DogCV spread in the world, and JZ98/2014 formed a clade by itself.
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McIntosh KA, Harding JCS, Parker S, Ellis JA, Appleyard GD. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection and Duration of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Semen with Sperm Morphological Analysis from Naturally Infected Boars. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:380-4. [PMID: 16921878 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) protocol was applied to porcine semen to demonstrate the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) shedding patterns and duration in naturally infected boars. Sperm morphology analysis was performed on a subset of samples to determine if the presence of PCV2 DNA in semen was associated with reduced semen quality. Semen was collected serially from 43 boars representing 6 breeds, aged 33.9 to 149.3 weeks. Of the 903 semen samples collected, 30 samples (3.3%) were positive for PCV2 DNA by nPCR from 13 boars. Boars shedding PCV2 DNA in semen ranged between 35.9 and 71.0 weeks of age, and shedding occurred during a period of up to 27.3 weeks. A semen nPCR test was 2.6 times more likely to be positive when collected from pigs that were ≤52 weeks of age, and 3.0 times more likely to be positive when collected from pigs that were ≤26 weeks from time of entry into the stud main unit (generalized estimating equations: P = 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] of the odds ratio 1.2 to 5.5, and P = 0.01; 95% CI of the odds ratio 1.3 to 6.9, respectively). These results demonstrate a sporadic and long-term shedding pattern of PCV2 DNA in semen from naturally infected boars. PCV2 DNA in semen does not appear to have detrimental effects on sperm morphology; however, boar age and, possibly, breed may contribute to the persistence of PCV2-shedding in semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A McIntosh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
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Imai DM, Cornish J, Nordhausen R, Ellis J, MacLachlan NJ. Renal Tubular Necrosis and Interstitial Hemorrhage (“Turkey-Egg Kidney”) in a Circovirus-Infected Yorkshire Cross Pig. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 18:496-9. [PMID: 17037624 DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A juvenile Yorkshire cross pig with rapidly progressive acute renal failure was submitted for necropsy. There was marked edema and disseminated petechiation of both kidneys, producing the “turkey-egg” appearance that is characteristic of exotic diseases such as African and classical swine fever. Microscopic findings included renal tubular epithelial necrosis with extensive interstitial edema and hemorrhage; lymphoplasmacytic, eosinophilic, and histiocytic tubulointerstitial nephritis; and numerous botryoid intracytoplasmic inclusions within the renal tubular epithelium and interstitial macrophages. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was readily identified within these lesions by both PCV2-specific immunohistochemistical staining and electron microscopy. Tests for African and classical swine fever viruses, as well as bacterial cultures, were negative. The striking renal lesions in this pig were attributed to PCV2 infection and are distinct from those that are typical of other PCV2-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Imai
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Garrod Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Bexton S, Wiersma LC, Getu S, van Run PR, Verjans GMGM, Schipper D, Schapendonk CME, Bodewes R, Oldroyd L, Haagmans BL, Koopmans MMP, Smits SL. Detection of Circovirus in Foxes with Meningoencephalitis, United Kingdom, 2009-2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1205-8. [PMID: 26079061 PMCID: PMC4480402 DOI: 10.3201/eid2107.150228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fox circovirus was identified in serum samples from foxes with unexplained neurologic signs by using viral metagenomics. Fox circovirus nucleic acid was localized in histological lesions of the cerebrum by in situ hybridization. Viruses from the family Circoviridae may have neurologic tropism more commonly than previously anticipated.
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47
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Lojkić I, Biđin M, Prpić J, Šimić I, Krešić N, Bedeković T. Faecal virome of red foxes from peri-urban areas. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 45:10-5. [PMID: 27012914 PMCID: PMC7112549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing and viral metagenomic analysis were performed on faecal samples of juvenile and adult foxes. Fox picobirnavirus was more closely related to the porcine and human picobirnaviruses than to fox picobirnavirus. New fox circovirus highly similar to dog circovirus of is de novo asembled from the high-throughput sequencing data.
Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are the most abundant carnivore species in the Northern Hemisphere. Since their populations are well established in peri-urban and urban areas, they represent a potential reservoir of viruses that transmit from wildlife to humans or domestic animals. In this study, we evaluated the faecal virome of juvenile and adult foxes from peri-urban areas in central Croatia. The dominating mammalian viruses were fox picobirnavirus and parvovirus. The highest number of viral reads (N = 1412) was attributed to a new fox circovirus and complete viral genome was de novo assembled from the high-throughput sequencing data. Fox circovirus is highly similar to dog circoviruses identified in diseased dogs in USA and Italy, and to a recently discovered circovirus of foxes with neurologic disease from the United Kingdom. Our fox picobirnavirus was more closely related to the porcine and human picobirnaviruses than to known fox picobirnaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Lojkić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marina Biđin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Prpić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Šimić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Krešić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Fongaro G, Padilha J, Schissi CD, Nascimento MA, Bampi GB, Viancelli A, Barardi CRM. Human and animal enteric virus in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network water. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:20060-6. [PMID: 26300358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess the presence of human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus-A (RVA), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network waters. The water samples were collected and concentrated and the virus genomes were assessed and quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Infectious HAdV was evaluated in groundwater and network water samples by integrated cell culture using transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) (ICC-RT-qPCR). In recreational water samples, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6), HAV in 66.6 % (4/6), and RVA in 66.6 % (4/6). In network water, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6) of the samples (these 83 % contained infectious HAdV), although HAV and RVA were not detected and PCV2 was not evaluated. In groundwater from deep wells, during rainy period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 80 % (4/5) of the samples, and HAV and PCV2 were not detected; however, during dry period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 60 % (3/5), HAV in only one sample, and PCV2 in 60 % (4/5). In groundwater, all samples contained infectious HAdV. PCV2 presence in groundwater is indicative of contamination caused by swine manure in Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The disinfection of human and animal wastes is urgent, since they can contaminate surface and groundwater, being a potential threat for public and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - J Padilha
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - C D Schissi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - M A Nascimento
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - G B Bampi
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - A Viancelli
- Laboratório de Análise Ambiental, Fundação Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, SC, 89700-000, Brazil
| | - C R M Barardi
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Chen R, Gao XB, Yu XL, Song CX, Qiu Y. Novel multiplex PCR assay using locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based universal primers for the simultaneous detection of five swine viruses. J Virol Methods 2015; 228:60-6. [PMID: 26615807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel multiplex PCR assay using non-homologous oligonucleotides with locked nucleic acid (LNA) modifications as universal primers was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of five swine viruses. The assay utilizes five virus-specific primer pairs modified at the 5' end through the addition of the universal primer sequence. In the reaction, small amounts of target templates with the 5' tail were generated and subsequently amplified through the extension of a LNA universal primer set. To validate the specificity of this assay, 27 viral target strains and 12 non-target pathogens were tested. The lower limit of detection of viral nucleic acids was 1.1-1.9 pg per reaction or 11-32 pg in a five-plex viral nucleic acid mixture. The LNA mPCR assay displayed higher analytical sensitivity and efficiency for the detection of plasmid standards compared with the conventional assay, which uses standard primers without the 5' tail. A total of 207 field samples were tested using both assays. The LNA mPCR assay provided numerically higher detection rates for all pathogens in independent samples. Moreover, the LNA mPCR assay had significantly higher detection rates in independent samples compared with the conventional assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Chen
- Technical Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Xiao-Bo Gao
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510675, China
| | - Chang-Xu Song
- Veterinary Medicine Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Technical Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou 510623, China
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Huang Y, Xing N, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhao X, Du Q, Chang L, Tong D. Ultrasensitive Detection of RNA and DNA Viruses Simultaneously Using Duplex UNDP-PCR Assay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141545. [PMID: 26544710 PMCID: PMC4636378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed infection of multiple viruses is common in modern intensive pig rearing. However, there are no methods available to detect DNA and RNA viruses in the same reaction system in preclinical level. In this study, we aimed to develop a duplex ultrasensitive nanoparticle DNA probe-based PCR assay (duplex UNDP-PCR) that was able to simultaneously detect DNA and RNA viruses in the same reaction system. PCV2 and TGEV are selected as representatives of the two different types of viruses. PCV2 DNA and TGEV RNA were simultaneously released from the serum sample by boiling with lysis buffer, then magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles coated with single and/or duplex specific probes for TGEV and PCV2 were added to form a sandwich-like complex with nucleic acids released from viruses. After magnetic separation, DNA barcodes specific for PCV2 and TGEV were eluted using DTT and characterized by specific PCR assay for specific DNA barcodes subsequently. The duplex UNDP-PCR showed similar sensitivity as that of single UNDP-PCR and was able to detect 20 copies each of PCV2 and TGEV in the serum, showing approximately 250-fold more sensitivity than conventional duplex PCR/RT-PCR assays. No cross-reaction was observed with other viruses. The positive detection rate of single MMPs- and duplex MMPs-based duplex UNDP-PCR was identical, with 29.6% for PCV2, 9.3% for TGEV and 3.7% for PCV2 and TGEV mixed infection. This duplex UNDP-PCR assay could detect TGEV (RNA virus) and PCV2 (DNA virus) from large-scale serum samples simultaneously without the need for DNA/RNA extraction, purification and reverse transcription of RNA, and showed a significantly increased positive detection rate for PCV2 (29%) and TGEV (11.7%) preclinical infection than conventional duplex PCR/RT-PCR. Therefore, the established duplex UNDP-PCR is a rapid and economical detection method, exhibiting high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Na Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zengguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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